29:
333:), originally meaning 'smart' or 'witty'. In the typical machinations of language in evolutionary growth, the word "kludge" eventually came to mean 'not so smart' or 'pretty ridiculous' .... Today "kludge" forms one of the most beloved words in design terminology, and it stands ready for handy application to the work of anyone who gins up 110-volt circuitry to plug into the 220 VAC source. The building of a kludge, however, is not work for amateurs.
695:
and promotions. ... One day ... the admiral asked him what a kluge was – the first person ever to do so. Murgatroyd said it was hard to explain, but he would make one so the admiral could see what it was. After a couple of days, he returned with a complex object. "Interesting," said the admiral, "but what does it do?" In reply, Murgatroyd dropped it over the side of the ship. As the thing sank, it went "kluge".
745:, a kludge was a temporary design using separate commonly available components that were not flightworthy in order to proof the design and enable concurrent software development while the integrated components were developed and manufactured. The term was in common enough use to appear in a fictional movie about the US space program.
783:, but the components were to have been launched separately, then docked in orbit. In the final design, the SWS and ATM were launched together, but for the single-launch concept to work, the ATM had to pivot 90 degrees on a truss structure from its launch position to its on-orbit orientation, clearing the way for the crew to dock its
944:
pastiche. The things we hold highest in our human experience (love, memory, dreams, and a predisposition for religious thought) result from a particular agglomeration of ad hoc solutions that have been piled on through millions of years of evolution history. It's not that we have fundamentally human thoughts and feelings
943:
The transcendent aspects of our human experience, the things that touch our emotional and cognitive core, were not given to us by a Great
Engineer. These are not the latest design features of an impeccably crafted brain. Rather, at every turn, brain design has been a kludge, a workaround, a jumble, a
694:
On being drafted into the navy, Murgatroyd gave his profession as "kluge maker" .... Whenever
Murgatroyd was asked what he was doing, he said he was making a kluge, and actually he was one of the world's best kluge makers. Not wanting to seem ignorant, his superiors kept giving him commendations
290:
Phineas
Burling is the chief calligrapher with the Fink and Wiggles Publishing Company, Inc. ... According to Burling, the word "kludge" first appeared in the English language in the early fifteen-hundreds. ... The word "kludge" is, according to Burling, derived from the same root as the German
1012:
In a 2012 article, political scientist Steven Teles used the term "kludgeocracy" to criticize the complexity of social welfare policy in the United States. Teles argues that institutional and political obstacles to passing legislation often drive policy makers to accept expedient fixes rather than
726:
The result of this history is a tangle. Many younger U.S. hackers pronounce the word as /klooj/ but spell it, incorrectly for its meaning and pronunciation, as 'kludge'. ... British hackers mostly learned /kluhj/ orally, use it in a restricted negative sense and are at least consistent. European
872:. Rather than continue to struggle to diagnose and fix the bug, the programmer may write additional code to compensate. For example, if a variable keeps ending up doubled, a kludge may be to add later code that divides by two rather than to search for the original incorrect computation.
982:
that is installed backward, facing the back of the head rather than the front. As a result, all kinds of stuff gets in its way, including a bunch of wiring that passes through the eye and leaves us with a pair of
1353:, a 1969 film. Dialog between space crew and Ted approximately 30 minutes into the movie, following capsule power down. Ted says, "I'm in Huntsville kludging up a simulator of the XRV." The film was based on the
727:
hackers have mostly learned the word from written
American sources and tend to pronounce it /kluhj/ but use the wider American meaning! Some observers consider this mess appropriate in view of the word's meaning.
834:
or difficulty by building a kludge, perhaps exploiting properties of the bug itself. A kludge is often used to modify a working system while avoiding fundamental changes, or to ensure backwards compatibility.
864:
anecdote tells of a computer part which needed a slightly delayed signal to work. Rather than setting up a timing system, the kludge was to connect long coils of internal wires to slow the electrical signal.
654:
n. A clever programming trick intended to solve a particular nasty case in an expedient, if not clear, manner. Often used to repair bugs. Often involves ad-hockery and verges on being a crock.
826:") is a solution to a problem, the performance of a task, or a system fix which is inefficient, inelegant ("hacky"), or even incomprehensible, but which somehow works. It is similar to a
810:) as an invasion of its historical role as the NASA center for manned spaceflight. Thus, MSC personnel missed no opportunity to disparage the Skylab project, calling it "the kludge".
1555:
1560:
1200:
798:
and kludged what was originally designed for the conical Gemini
Command Module onto the cylindrical Skylab Airlock Module. The Skylab project, managed by the
373:('clever'). This may explain the idea of 'clever but clumsy and temporary', as well as the pronunciation variation from German. A reasonable translation of
249:, a machine, system, or program that has been improvised or 'bodged' together; a hastily improvised and poorly thought-out solution to a fault or 'bug'. ...
853:. An intimate knowledge of the problem domain and execution environment is typically required to build a corner-case kludge. More commonly, a kludge is a
522:
spelling possibly deriving from German, until the two terms were confused in the mid-20th century, as
British and American (respectively) military slang.
974: – when accelerating or driving uphill, "Your wipers slowed to a crawl, or even stopped working altogether." Marcus described a biological kluge:
586:(US). These two words have been confused in American usage since the early 1960s, and widely confounded in Great Britain since the end of World War II.
94:
or makeshift solution that is clumsy, inelegant, inefficient, difficult to extend, and hard to maintain. This term is used in diverse fields such as
1142:
1082:
676:, "was the original spelling, reported around computers as far back as the mid-1950s and, at that time, used exclusively of hardware kluges".
799:
341:
accepts
Granholm's coinage of the term (not the fanciful pseudo-etymology quoted above), there are examples of its use before the 1960s.
1327:
660:
vt. To insert a kluge into a program. "I've kluged this routine to get around that weird bug, but there's probably a better way."
1009:, genetically engineered human beings called Nietzscheans use the term disparagingly to refer to genetically unmodified humans.
686:
era for any piece of electronics that worked well on shore but consistently failed at sea". A summary of a 1947 article in the
1530:
1484:
1451:
1405:
1378:
948:
the kludgy design of the brain as molded by the twists and turns of evolutionary history. Rather, we have them precisely
1215:
1368:
1174:
1596:
1054:
606:
v. To use a kludge to get around a problem. "I've kludged around it for now, but I'll fix it up properly later."
1047:– simplifying a product and its manufacture, especially to produce a version affordable in developing countries
1501:
784:
1157:
1000:'s 1985 short story "Press Enter_", the antagonist, a reclusive hacker, adopts the identity Charles Kluge.
854:
842:
A kludge is often used to fix an unanticipated problem in an earlier kludge; this is essentially a kind of
803:
603:] similarly said: "An ill-assorted collection of poorly matching parts, forming a distressing whole.")
471:
228:
876:
780:
245:'An ill-assorted collection of poorly-matching parts, forming a distressing whole' (Granholm); esp. in
1591:
1395:
921:
208:
107:
1575:
880:
212:(2nd ed., 1989), cites Jackson W. Granholm's 1962 "How to Design a Kludge" article in the American
1373:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Office, Office of Policy and Plans.
1153:
28:
1112:
1041:, a Japanese term for deliberately "un-useful" inventions, created as a hobby and entertainment
760:
37:
1443:
1437:
1294:
1005:
839:
can also be used with a positive connotation, for a quick solution to a frustrating problem.
99:
1476:
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1422:
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997:
907:
807:
33:
8:
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260:
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936:
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launch vehicles, the ATM was kludged from an early design for the descent stage of the
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1480:
1447:
1401:
1374:
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971:
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791:
439:
213:
20:
1067:, an Indian equivalent term (also more specifically refers to kludge-built vehicles)
1506:
1439:
The
Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams, and God
1354:
869:
819:
166:
143:
95:
55:
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1367:
Dunar, Andrew J.; Administration, U. S. National
Aeronautics and Space (1999).
1022:
795:
648:
620:
503:
103:
1201:"Wörterbuchnetz – Grammatisch-Kritisches Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart"
1585:
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380:
271:'to fit together or adjust in a clumsy, makeshift, or dishonest manner'. The
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Another type of kludge is the evasion of an unknown problem or bug in a
130:
19:
This article is about workarounds. For the
American music magazine, see
1286:
827:
763:, began development as separate projects (the SWS was kludged from the
217:
91:
1370:
Power to Explore: A History of Marshall Space Flight Center, 1960-1990
136:
1030:
857:
which was expected to work almost always, but ends up failing often.
768:
742:
403:
111:
707:, 'to avoid a bug or difficult condition by inserting a kluge', and
1079:, a programmer's annotation that some element of computer source co
772:
548:
116:
36:, with a "kludge" (temporary fix) to make the bridge usable after
1214:
Hansen, Aage (1926). Knudsen, Gunnar; Kristensen, Marius (eds.).
1088:
1083:
MacGyver in popular culture § MacGyverisms and "to MacGyver"
1050:
891:
830:, but quick and ugly. To "kludge around something" is to avoid a
350:
235:. (J. W. Granholm's jocular invention: see first quot.; cf. also
1308:
Nolan Underwood, Agnes (Winter 1947). "Folklore from G.I. Joe".
1291:
Dictionaries of the Scots Language / Dictionars o the Scots Leid
518:
meaning 'toilet' (in either the room or device sense), with the
1085:, terms derived from a TV character known for inventive kludges
1062:
979:
756:
464:
367:) to mean 'too smart by half', the reflected meaning of German
286:
Granholm humorously imagined a fictitious source for the term:
898:
refers to a piece of control data embedded inside a message.
843:
764:
175:
79:
1122:. Vol. 8, no. 2. Frank D. Thompson. pp. 30–31
472:
787:
at the axial docking port of the Multiple Docking Adapter.
114:
and government. It is similar in meaning to the naval term
718:
variant, both were interchangeably used and confused. The
178:
155:
82:
67:
599:
502:
spelling in particular derives ultimately from a word in
152:
64:
966:
compares evolutionary kluges with engineering ones like
883:(Port Address Translation) to cope with the shortage of
759:. Its two major components, the Saturn Workshop and the
1175:"Yiddish Dictionary Online ייִדיש װערטערבוך אַפֿן װעב"
711:, 'to lash together a quick hack to perform a task'.
582:
n. Incorrect (though regrettably common) spelling of
354:
169:
146:
73:
58:
1143:"Computer Oral History Collection, Jackson Granholm"
567:
seems to have the sense of 'overcomplicated', while
479:
The word emerges in English only in the 20th century
172:
149:
76:
61:
1561:
First Usage of "Kluge" on UseNET (14 December 1981)
1471:
Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind
1366:
1053:, a technique of guerilla industry employed at the
963:
Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind
619:apparently derives via British military slang from
1468:
806:, was seen by the Manned Spacecraft Center (later
663:n. A feature that is implemented in a rude manner.
1583:
1073:, an originally nautical term of related meaning
424:
412:
406:
1556:First Usage of "Kludge" on UseNET (26 May 1981)
1307:
1225:(in Danish). Nordisk Forlag: 90. Archived from
1150:Smithsonian National Museum of American History
1106:
1104:
779:). Later the SWS and ATM were folded into the
714:After Granholm's 1962 article popularized the
628:('toilet'), and became confused with American
328:
279:('to improvise with a kludge or kludges') and
800:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
657:n. Something that works for the wrong reason.
489:
488:, is incorrect and would properly be spelled
483:
450:Arguments against the derivation from German
360:
322:
304:
1338:on 3 April 2019 – via Our-Local.co.uk.
1101:
1028:
939:proponents have misconstrued brain anatomy:
920:metaphor has been adapted in fields such as
901:
879:(Network Address Translation) (RFC 1918) or
849:A solution might be a kludge if it fails in
451:
442:
433:
397:
389:
378:
368:
316:
310:
292:
283:('skill in designing or applying kludges').
1522:
1263:
1060:
623:
551:of computer programmer slang maintained by
513:
507:
498:An alternative etymology suggests that the
423:, perhaps related to Low German diminutive
418:
298:
1493:
794:, even recycled the hatch design from its
748:Perhaps the ultimate kludge was the first
651:) device, whether in hardware or software.
563:and cites usage examples pre-dating 1962.
1003:In the science fiction television series
506:(a language closely related to English):
1423:"The Jargon File: The Meaning of 'Hack'"
1316:(4). New York Folklore Society: 285–297.
1259:
1257:
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1249:
1247:
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1110:
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463:Both English pronunciations contain the
27:
1420:
1301:
1035:, a kludge-like approach to visual arts
597:article by Jackson Granholme [
1584:
1578:, Philip Koopman and Robert R. Hoffman
1531:"Steven Teles Explains 'Kludgeocracy'"
1528:
1466:
1435:
1393:
1213:
1111:Granholm, Jackson W. (February 1962).
460:There is no equivalent usage in German
201:
194:, respectively), and several proposed
1499:
1244:
887:addresses is an example of a kludge.
822:terminology, a "kludge" (or often a "
571:has only the sense of 'poorly done'.
525:
1576:Work-arounds, Make-work, and Kludges
1529:Lawler, Joseph (14 December 2012).
978:For instance, the vertebrate eye's
924:, particularly in reference to the
813:
790:The Airlock Module's manufacturer,
532:
344:
13:
128:The word has alternate spellings (
14:
1608:
1549:
482:The alleged Swedish translation,
1475:. Houghton Mifflin Co. pp.
1141:Mapstone, Robina (7 June 1973).
396:('dumpling', 'clod', diminutive
267:'to patch or mend clumsily' and
165:
142:
54:
1460:
1429:
1414:
1387:
1360:
1342:
1055:Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
1013:carefully thought out reforms.
875:In computer networking, use of
447:('piece of bad workmanship'),.
429:('dumpling', 'clod'), standard
1500:Teles, Steven M. (Fall 2017).
1320:
1279:
1207:
1193:
1167:
1134:
682:"was common Navy slang in the
632:during or after World War II.
438:('mess, disorder') and Danish
1:
1094:
991:
785:Apollo Command/Service Module
731:
672:, which is now often spelled
275:entry also includes the verb
1025:, British slang for a kludge
804:Marshall Space Flight Center
123:
7:
1310:New York Folklore Quarterly
1061:
1016:
781:Apollo Applications Program
688:New York Folklore Quarterly
545:The New Hacker's Dictionary
523:
355:
10:
1613:
1442:. Belknap Press. pp.
956:The research psychologist
905:
18:
1502:"Kludgeocracy in America"
1436:Linden, David J. (2007).
1421:Raymond, Eric S. (2004).
1397:The Soul of a New Machine
1266:"The Jargon File: kludge"
922:evolutionary neuroscience
902:Evolutionary neuroscience
361:
209:Oxford English Dictionary
108:evolutionary neuroscience
1571:World Wide Words: Kludge
1113:"How to Design a Kludge"
593:that works. (A long-ago
1566:The Jargon File: Kludge
1394:Kidder, Tracey (1982).
1154:Smithsonian Institution
624:
514:
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476:) not present in German
443:
425:
413:
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317:
16:Unmaintainable solution
1597:Mechanical engineering
1328:"Obsolete Occupations"
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761:Apollo Telescope Mount
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1467:Marcus, Gary (2008).
1295:University of Glasgow
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737:Aerospace engineering
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288:
223:
100:aerospace engineering
31:
1216:"Et par etymologier"
1163:on 30 November 2006.
908:Evolutionary baggage
808:Johnson Space Center
34:Miles Glacier Bridge
1533:. Real Clear Policy
931:The neuroscientist
777:Apollo Lunar Module
377:into German yields
202:Jackson W. Granholm
140:), pronunciations (
1181:on 2 February 2006
987:, one in each eye.
937:intelligent design
256:defines these two
42:
1486:978-0-618-87964-9
1453:978-0-674-02478-6
1407:978-0-380-59931-8
1380:978-0-16-058992-8
1357:of the same name.
1264:Eric S. Raymond.
1045:Frugal innovation
972:windshield wipers
796:Gemini spacecraft
792:McDonnell Douglas
703:further includes
668:This entry notes
615:entry notes that
555:, differentiates
214:computer magazine
21:Kludge (magazine)
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1592:Software quality
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1077:KLUDGE (tag)
1071:Jury rigging
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1537:19 November
1514:19 November
1236:22 December
1126:20 November
998:John Varley
985:blind spots
958:Gary Marcus
926:human brain
722:concludes:
720:Jargon File
701:Jargon File
639:: /klooj/
613:Jargon File
540:Jargon File
388:Cf. German
321:, Lettish
196:etymologies
1586:Categories
1355:1964 novel
1271:2 November
1120:Datamation
1095:References
992:Other uses
906:See also:
828:workaround
818:In modern
732:Industries
595:Datamation
303:, Swedish
218:Datamation
92:workaround
38:earthquake
1287:"Cludgie"
1031:Bricolage
1006:Andromeda
970:-powered
855:heuristic
820:computing
769:Saturn 1B
743:aerospace
404:Low Saxon
349:American
337:Although
315:, Gothic
309:, Danish
247:Computing
124:Etymology
112:animation
1400:. Avon.
1350:Marooned
1297:. 2005 .
1185:1 August
1039:Chindōgu
1017:See also
960:'s book
860:A 1960s
773:Saturn V
709:kluge up
690:states:
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549:glossary
543:(a.k.a.
417:, Dutch
399:Klößchen
330:veklaunn
261:cognates
229:/kluːdʒ/
117:jury rig
1444:245–246
1089:Urawaza
1057:in WWII
1051:Gung ho
950:because
946:despite
892:FidoNet
435:kludder
351:Yiddish
324:kladnis
318:klaugen
297:(Dutch
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980:retina
914:kludge
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716:kludge
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509:cludge
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431:Danish
426:klütje
381:Krücke
375:kludge
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192:stooge
131:kludge
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1023:Bodge
918:kluge
844:cruft
765:S-IVB
680:Kluge
670:kluge
643:n. A
637:kluge
630:kluge
621:Scots
611:This
591:crock
584:kluge
565:Kluge
561:kluge
559:from
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526:below
524:(See
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504:Scots
465:soft
420:kluit
414:klute
300:kloog
269:fudge
265:bodge
241:fudge
237:bodge
233:kluge
231:Also
188:judge
137:kluge
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1539:2017
1516:2017
1510:(33)
1481:ISBN
1448:ISBN
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1375:ISBN
1273:2010
1238:2011
1187:2014
1128:2023
912:The
885:IPv4
837:Hack
824:hack
771:and
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647:(or
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485:klag
453:klug
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392:Kloß
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294:klug
263:as:
239:v.,
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