577:
504:
820:
37:
650:
535:
350:
720:
572:
in 1282, many
Templars in Portugal took the side of the king, while the Castilian Templars took the side of the prince-heir momentarily. After the death of the (Portuguese) preceptor João Fernandes in 1288, Templar command in Portugal was separated from the other two kingdoms, the result of an effort
608:
but King Denis objected to this as well, not only because a foreign
Hospitaller command could be disadvantageous to fight the Muslim threat from north-Africa but also because the large amount of border fortifications that would be concentrated in the hands of the Hospitallers could mean a strategic
627:
on March 14, 1319. Denis then granted the Order "all castles, properties and goods" belonging to the
Templars while Gil Martins was appointed as its first grandmaster. Transference was seamless. Many knights joined the new Order, with no arrests having been effected or recorded. The last master of
402:
by taking, settling or defending the territory from the
Muslims, the Order was an influential organisation in Portugal and valuable partner to the Portuguese Crown. Unlike elsewhere in Europe, it suffered no persecution at the time of its dissolution, its members and property in Portugal being
511:
The military importance of the
Templars matched their importance in settling and developing new lands. Most their domains were deserted when the Order took possession of them due to the ravages of war. The Order passed town charters and promoted the settlement of lands. The military Orders in
476:
The Order was later granted the lands of Ceras by King Afonso, with a castle that was in ruins at the time. This donation was of strategic importance because Ceras lied close to the border, its castle defended a major road that linked Lisbon to
Coimbra and it featured fertile grounds where an
596:
hesitated in carrying out the Papal order, and only did so in 1309 in the face of growing claims by a number of clergymen with disputes against the Order. The following year, in
January 31, 1310, the king signed a mutual pact with Ferdinand IV of Castile and
453:
The
Templars quickly grew in numbers and influence during their first sixteen years in Portugal through the recruiting of local new members or the acquisition of property. Their first known military engagement in Portugal took place when the Muslim
616:, who proved favourable to the proposal to create a new Order that would replace the Templars in Portugal. Denis' delay in confiscating Templar property for himself was decisive in securing the good will and approval of the Pope.
833:
449:
Afonso did not oppose the presence of the Order in the territory, he sought to involve it in the
Reconquista efforts against the Muslims to the south and officially confirmed the donations granted by his mother.
843:
512:
Portugal, namely the
Templars later adopted comparable economies of scaled and employed notably advanced methods of production such as the irrigation system introduced by the Templars in the
462:
attacked Soure in 1144. The knights made a sortie, however they were defeated and the castle was pillaged, numbers being then taken to captivity. In 1145, the Templars were granted the
523:
was granted to the Order by king Afonso, although it would pass to the Order of Santiago in 1172. Dom Gualdim Pais promoted the renovation of Almourol Castle in 1171. During the great
773:
546:, known as "the Settler", was a major patron of the Templars and during his reign the Order was granted important stretches of land, such as the lands of Açafa in 1199, where
793:
838:
496:(first attested in Tomar in 1160, in Almourol in 1171, in Pombal in 1171, in Penas Róias in 1172, in Longroiva in 1174, in Soure between 1171 and 1175), sloped walls, and
758:
708:
703:
519:
The Order had a vital and strategic role in the defense of the southern Portuguese frontier against the Muslims between 1160 and 1217. In November 30 of 1165, the
778:
743:
693:
748:
568:
The Templars in Portugal, Leon and Castile were initially commanded by the same preceptor. When prince Sancho of Castile rebelled against his father king
753:
733:
293:
763:
524:
738:
683:
72:
860:
965:
628:
the Templars in Portugal Dom Vasco Fernandes ended his days as commander of Montalvão on the eastern border, "a fate vastly different than
79:
288:
378:
584:
The process of dissolution of the Templars in Portugal and the creation of the Order of Christ which would replace them began when
997:
941:
José Valente: "The New Frontier: The Role of The Knights Templar in the Establishment of Portugal as an Independent Kingdom" in
492:
Gualdim Pais and the Templars were responsible for introducing a number of key innovations in fortification to Portugal, namely
477:
important settlement effort could be undertaken. Instead of renovating the ruined castle, the master of the Templars in Iberia
1062:
1057:
330:
323:
305:
1077:
1072:
1067:
828:
604:
Faced with united opposition in Iberia, the Pope instead ruled in favour of transferring Templar property to the
557:
In 1212, a number of Portuguese Templars and other volunteers from the urban militias participated in the great
62:
558:
424:
371:
300:
220:
91:
982:
435:
during his trip to Europe, possibly one of a small group of Templar scouts to seek donations for the Order.
1012:
954:
855:
419:
Shortly after their creation, the Templars settled in Portugal in 1128, having been granted the frontier
399:
245:
230:
235:
562:
178:
489:, where Pais had previously travelled to. Two years later Pais granted the town of Tomar a charter.
485:
from the ground up, on March 1, 1160. It featured a number of innovations taken from castles in the
1052:
798:
668:
620:
547:
408:
364:
263:
109:
20:
678:
803:
589:
84:
470:
443:
438:
This was a time of political tension in Portugal and just a few months afterwards Teresas heir
354:
117:
728:
442:
revolted with the support of the Portuguese nobility and wrested control of the county at the
36:
188:
459:
1082:
698:
569:
543:
463:
439:
576:
8:
865:
783:
688:
605:
588:
ordered the investigation and confiscation of Templar property in Iberia in 1306. Unlike
788:
768:
713:
598:
520:
148:
1047:
593:
580:
The Church of Santa Maria do Olival in Tomar, final resting place of several masters.
503:
497:
404:
126:
673:
629:
432:
270:
819:
808:
658:
482:
420:
28:
513:
613:
585:
528:
337:
198:
158:
1041:
551:
561:
under the command of preceptor Gomes Ramires. The Templars took part in the
663:
478:
601:
should the Papacy decide to appropriate Templar property for the Church.
208:
168:
983:
A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire: From Beginnings to 1807
649:
466:
by Afonso Henriques' sister and her husband Fernão Mendes de Bragança.
137:
67:
534:
486:
395:
can be traced from 1128 until their dissolution in the 14th century.
573:
by the Portuguese Crown who was often at war with Leon and Castile.
349:
565:
to the south of Lisbon, promoted by the Bishop Soeiro of Lisbon.
719:
1031:
Associação Ordem dos Pobres Cavaleiros do Templo de Jerusalém
428:
554:
was founded in 1205 or 1206 and delivered to the Templars.
493:
455:
636:
to their signature, "at one time knight of the Templars".
1030:
966:
Os Castelos da Ordem do Templo em Portugal – Um Percurso
516:
valley. Surplus production was sold into urban markets.
632:". Fernandes and many former members henceforth added
431:, in the presence of Raymond Bernard, recruited by
592:who promptly appropriated Templar property, King
481:commenced the construction of the formidable new
1039:
861:Timeline of Portuguese history (First Dynasty)
469:The Templars participated in Afonso Henriques
411:, created specifically for this very purpose.
527:they resisted a strong Muslim attack in 1190
427:. The official act of donation took place in
372:
834:Church of Santa Maria da Alcáçova (Santarém)
639:
1034:- Templar heritage association in Portugal.
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
379:
365:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
844:Church of São João Evangelista do Alfange
976:
974:
818:
718:
648:
575:
533:
502:
500:(first attested in Longroiva in 1174).
1040:
878:
1016:, Cambridge University Press, p. 114.
971:
531:, commanded by the Caliph in person.
529:when Tomar was sieged by the Almohads
623:was made official by the Papal bull
398:Having played a key role during the
49:Christ and of the Temple of Solomon
13:
1001:, Ediçoes Vercial, 2014 II, p. 50.
525:Almohad campaigns against Portugal
473:, taken in 1147 during the night.
324:Military order (religious society)
35:
14:
1094:
1023:
348:
829:Church of Santa Maria do Olival
774:Castle of Salvaterra do Extremo
1004:
989:
959:
948:
823:Templar round church at Tomar.
1:
871:
1063:Military history of Portugal
945:, volume 7, 1998, pp. 49-65.
507:The Templar castle of Pombal
7:
1058:Catholic Church in Portugal
856:Portugal in the Middle Ages
849:
839:Church of Santiago de Antas
814:
612:Clement V was succeeded by
393:Knights Templar in Portugal
331:Catholic orders of chivalry
10:
1099:
1010:Livermore, H. V., (1947).
986:, , Volume 1, 2009, p. 86.
644:
563:conquest of Alcácer do Sal
414:
355:Catholic Church portal
794:Castle of Proença-a-Velha
640:Templar sites in Portugal
559:Battle of Navas de Tolosa
179:Pastoralis praeeminentiae
1078:14th century in Portugal
1073:13th century in Portugal
1068:12th century in Portugal
799:Castle of Idanha-a-Velha
669:Castle of Castelo Branco
955:Livermore, 1947, p. 81.
804:Castle of Idanha-a-Nova
759:Castle of Vila do Touro
723:The Castle of Almourol.
590:Ferdinand IV of Castile
403:instead transferred by
47:Poor Fellow-Soldiers of
824:
724:
709:Castle of Penha Garcia
704:Castle of Castelo Novo
654:
581:
539:
508:
400:Portuguese Reconquista
92:Trials and dissolution
41:
1013:A History Of Portugal
995:Alexandre Herculano:
943:Mediterranean Studies
822:
779:Castle of Rosmaninhal
722:
679:Castle of Penas Róias
652:
579:
537:
506:
423:on March 19, 1128 by
294:In self-styled orders
189:Faciens misericordiam
39:
998:História de Portugal
968:in monumentos.gov.pt
694:Castelo of Longroiva
634:quondam miles Templi
544:Sancho I of Portugal
471:conquest of Santarém
444:Battle of São Mamede
391:The presence of the
980:Anthony R. Disney:
866:Quinta da Regaleira
784:Castle of Penamacor
729:Castle of Montalvão
689:Castle of Mogadouro
653:The Castle of Soure
609:risk for Portugal.
464:castle of Longroiva
280:Cultural references
825:
789:Castle of Bemposta
769:Castle of Monsanto
744:Castle of Alpalhão
725:
714:Castle of Almourol
655:
599:Jaime II of Aragon
582:
540:
521:castle of Monsanto
509:
306:In popular culture
149:Omne datum optimum
42:
754:Castle of Cardiga
734:Castle of Redinha
594:Denis of Portugal
389:
388:
127:Council of Vienne
111:Council of Troyes
1090:
1017:
1008:
1002:
993:
987:
978:
969:
963:
957:
952:
946:
939:
764:Castle of Segura
749:Castle of Zêzere
674:Castle of Pombal
630:Jacques de Molay
440:Afonso Henriques
433:Hughes de Payens
381:
374:
367:
353:
352:
271:Order of Montesa
16:
15:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1053:Knights Templar
1038:
1037:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1009:
1005:
994:
990:
979:
972:
964:
960:
953:
949:
940:
879:
874:
852:
817:
809:Monsaraz Castle
699:Castle of Ródão
659:Castle of Soure
647:
642:
621:Order of Christ
538:Castle of Tomar
483:castle of Tomar
425:Countess Teresa
421:Castle of Soure
417:
409:Order of Christ
385:
347:
342:
310:
275:
264:Order of Christ
250:
215:
132:
119:Council of Pisa
96:
48:
29:Knights Templar
12:
11:
5:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1024:External links
1022:
1019:
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739:Castle of Nisa
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661:
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625:Ad Ea Exquibus
614:Pope John XXII
586:Pope Clement V
548:Castelo Branco
416:
413:
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361:
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344:
343:
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338:Militia Templi
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312:
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309:
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303:
301:In Freemasonry
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199:Vox in excelso
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159:Milites Templi
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684:Castle of Ega
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591:
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578:
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571:
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564:
560:
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552:Idanha-a-Nova
550:was founded.
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86:
83:
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80:Grand Masters
78:
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69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
58:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
40:Templar Cross
38:
34:
33:
30:
27:
26:
22:
18:
17:
1029:
1011:
1006:
996:
991:
981:
961:
950:
942:
664:Tomar Castle
633:
624:
618:
611:
606:Hospitallers
603:
583:
567:
556:
541:
518:
514:Zêzere River
510:
491:
479:Gualdim Pais
475:
468:
452:
448:
437:
418:
397:
392:
390:
240:
207:
197:
187:
177:
167:
157:
147:
125:
118:
110:
1083:Reconquista
289:In the IOGT
209:Ad providam
169:Militia Dei
138:Papal bulls
1042:Categories
872:References
405:King Denis
255:Successors
68:Latin Rule
570:Alfonso X
498:hoardings
487:Holy Land
221:Locations
1048:Crusades
850:See also
815:Churches
619:The new
460:Santarém
315:See also
246:Scotland
241:Portugal
231:Brittany
101:Councils
54:Overview
21:a series
19:Part of
645:Castles
415:History
407:to the
236:England
85:Members
63:History
212:(1312)
202:(1312)
192:(1308)
182:(1307)
172:(1145)
162:(1144)
152:(1139)
121:(1135)
113:(1129)
23:on the
542:King
494:keeps
429:Braga
456:qaid
73:Seal
458:of
1044::
973:^
880:^
446:.
380:e
373:t
366:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
