5146:, a pioneer in formal theories of truth. The approach involves letting truth be a partially defined property over the set of grammatically well-formed sentences in the language. Kripke showed how to do this recursively by starting from the set of expressions in a language that do not contain the truth predicate, and defining a truth predicate over just that segment: this action adds new sentences to the language, and truth is in turn defined for all of them. Unlike Tarski's approach, however, Kripke's lets "truth" be the union of all of these definition-stages; after a denumerable infinity of steps the language reaches a "fixed point" such that using Kripke's method to expand the truth-predicate does not change the language any further. Such a fixed point can then be taken as the basic form of a natural language containing its own truth predicate. But this predicate is undefined for any sentences that do not, so to speak, "bottom out" in simpler sentences not containing a truth predicate. That is, " 'Snow is white' is true" is well-defined, as is " ' "Snow is white" is true' is true," and so forth, but neither "This sentence is true" nor "This sentence is not true" receive truth-conditions; they are, in Kripke's terms, "ungrounded."
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4948:" ("London is beautiful"). Pierre moves to London without realizing that London = Londres. He then learns English the same way a child would learn the language, that is, not by translating words from French to English. Pierre learns the name "London" from the unattractive part of the city where he lives, and so comes to believe that London is not beautiful. If Kripke's account is correct, Pierre now believes both that
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2578:(FMP) if it is complete with respect to a class of finite frames. An application of this notion is the decidability question: it follows from Post's theorem that a recursively axiomatized modal logic L which has FMP is decidable, provided it is decidable whether a given finite frame is a model of L. In particular, every finitely axiomatizable logic with FMP is decidable.
2982:. The motivation for the world-relative approach was to represent the possibility that objects in one world may fail to exist in another. But if standard quantifier rules are used, every term must refer to something that exists in all the possible worlds. This seems incompatible with our ordinary practice of using terms to refer to things that exist contingently.
4762:, among others. According to descriptivist theories, proper names either are synonymous with descriptions, or have their reference determined by virtue of the name's being associated with a description or cluster of descriptions that an object uniquely satisfies. Kripke rejects both these kinds of descriptivism. He gives several examples purporting to render
5111:. Kripkenstein's main significance was a clear statement of a new kind of skepticism, dubbed "meaning skepticism": the idea that for isolated individuals there is no fact in virtue of which they mean one thing rather than another by the use of a word. Kripke's "skeptical solution" to meaning skepticism is to ground meaning in the behavior of a community.
42:
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philosopher Mark
Crimmins wrote, "That four of the most admired and discussed essays in 1970s philosophy are here is enough to make this first volume of Saul Kripke's collected articles a must-have... The reader's delight will grow as hints are dropped that there is a great deal more to come in this
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Kripke's possible worlds theory has been used by narratologists (beginning with Pavel and
Dolezel) to understand "reader's manipulation of alternative plot developments, or the characters' planned or fantasized alternative action series." This application has become especially useful in the analysis
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is dedicated to preserving and promoting Kripke's work. Its director is Romina Padro. The Saul Kripke Center holds events related to Kripke's work and is creating a digital archive of previously unpublished recordings of Kripke's lectures, lecture notes, and correspondence dating back to the 1950s.
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that undermines the possibility of our ever following rules in our use of language. Kripke writes that this paradox is "the most radical and original skeptical problem that philosophy has seen to date", and that
Wittgenstein does not reject the argument that leads to the rule-following paradox, but
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are that the meaning of a name simply is the object it refers to and that a name's referent is determined by a causal link between some sort of "baptism" and the utterance of the name. Nevertheless, he acknowledges the possibility that propositions containing names may have some additional semantic
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more than a decade earlier. Smith identified six significant ideas in the New Theory that he claimed Marcus had developed: (1) that proper names are direct references that do not consist of contained definitions; (2) that while one can single out a single thing by a description, this description is
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Kripke's proposal is problematic in the sense that while the language contains a "truth" predicate of itself (at least a partial one), some of its sentences â such as the liar sentence ("this sentence is false") â have an undefined truth value, but the language does not contain its own "undefined"
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In some cases, we can use FMP to prove Kripke completeness of a logic: every normal modal logic is complete wrt a class of modal algebras, and a finite modal algebra can be transformed into a Kripke frame. As an example, Robert Bull proved using this method that every normal extension of S4.3 has
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Kripke's response to this difficulty was to eliminate terms. He gave an example of a system that uses the world-relative interpretation and preserves the classical rules. But the costs are severe. First, his language is artificially impoverished, and second, the rules for the propositional modal
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There are various methods for establishing FMP for a given logic. Refinements and extensions of the canonical model construction often work, using tools such as filtration or unravelling. As another possibility, completeness proofs based on cut-free sequent calculi usually produce finite models
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in propositions about beliefs. For example, Lois Lane believes that
Superman can fly, although she does not believe that Clark Kent can fly. This can be accounted for if the names "Superman" and "Clark Kent", though referring to the same person, have distinct semantic properties.
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names behave differently in propositions about beliefs (as in Lois Lane's case). But the same phenomenon occurs even with coreferring names that obviously have the same semantic properties: Kripke invites us to imagine a French, monolingual boy, Pierre, who believes that
1629:, are valid in every Kripke model). However, the converse does not hold generally. There are Kripke incomplete normal modal logics, which is unproblematic, because most of the modal systems studied are complete of classes of frames described by simple conditions.
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But in his article "A Puzzle about Belief" (1988) Kripke seems to oppose even this possibility. His argument can be reconstructed as follows: The idea that two names referring to the same object may have different semantic properties is supposed to explain that
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and that London is not beautiful. This cannot be explained by coreferring names having different semantic properties. According to Kripke, this demonstrates that attributing additional semantic properties to names does not explain what it is intended to.
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in which the object exists, while most descriptions designate different objects in different possible worlds. For example, "Richard Nixon" refers to the same person in every possible world in which Nixon exists, while "the person who won the
4867:.) In any event, the psychophysical identity theorist, according to Kripke, incurs a dialectical obligation to explain the apparent logical possibility of these circumstances, since according to such theorists they should be impossible.
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firingâcould not be necessary, given the (clearly conceivable) possibility that pain could be separate from the firing of C-fibers, or the firing of C-fibers be separate from pain. (Similar arguments have since been made by
5126:, who argue that his meaning skepticism is a pseudo-problem that stems from a confused, selective reading of Wittgenstein. Kripke's position has been defended against these and other attacks by the Cambridge philosopher
5103:
He says that the work should not be read as an attempt to give an accurate statement of
Wittgenstein's views, but rather as an account of Wittgenstein's argument "as it struck Kripke, as it presented a problem for him".
656:. Kripke later said, "I wish I could have skipped college. I got to know some interesting people but I can't say I learned anything. I probably would have learned it all anyway just reading on my own." His cousin is
5168:
demonstrates that self-reference cannot be avoided naively, since propositions about seemingly unrelated objects (such as integers) can have an informal self-referential meaning, and this idea â manifested by the
4777:, according to which a name refers to an object by virtue of a causal connection with the object as mediated through communities of speakers. He points out that proper names, in contrast to most descriptions, are
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816:(also known as relational semantics or frame semantics) for modal logics. Kripke semantics is a formal semantics for non-classical logic systems. It was first made for modal logics, and later adapted to
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that truth cannot be consistently defined. But Kripke's truth predicate does not give a truth value (true/false) to propositions such as the one built in Tarski's proof, since it is provable by
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and other non-classical systems. The discovery of Kripke semantics was a breakthrough in the making of non-classical logics, because the model theory of such logics was absent before Kripke.
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Two of Kripke's earlier works, "A Completeness
Theorem in Modal Logic" (1959) and "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic" (1963), the former written when he was a teenager, were on
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not equivalent to a proper name of this thing; (3) the modal argument that proper names are directly referential, and not disguised descriptions; (4) a formal modal logic proof of the
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A union of canonical sets of formulas is itself canonical. It follows from the preceding discussion that any logic axiomatized by a canonical set of formulas is Kripke complete, and
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The axioms T, 4, D, B, 5, H, G (and thus any combination of them) are canonical. GL and Grz are not canonical, because they are not compact. The axiom M by itself is not canonical (
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Carlson models are easier to visualize and to work with than usual polymodal Kripke models; there are, however, Kripke complete polymodal logics which are
Carlson incomplete.
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contains the rule-following paradox as Kripke presents it, but few have agreed with his attributing a skeptical solution to
Wittgenstein. Kripke himself expresses doubts in
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identity. Smith argued that Kripke failed to understand Marcus's theory at the time but later adopted many of its key conceptual themes in his New Theory of
Reference.
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could have died at age two and so not satisfied any of the descriptions we associate with his name, but it would seem wrong to deny that he was still
Aristotle).
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series being prepared by Kripke and an ace team of philosopher-editors at the Saul Kripke Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York."
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Kripke's book generated a large secondary literature, divided between those who find his skeptical problem interesting and perceptive, and others, such as
1610:). It is vital to know which modal logics are sound and complete with respect to a class of Kripke frames, and for them, to determine which class it is.
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5233:("this sentence is false or undefined"). Thus while the liar sentence is undefined in the language, the language cannot express that it is undefined.
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O", and other identity claims where two names refer to the same object. According to Kripke, the Kantian distinctions between analytic and synthetic,
4854:, the view that every mental particular is identical with some physical particular. Kripke argued that the only way to defend this identity is as an
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5130:, and Wittgenstein scholar David G. Stern considers Kripke's book "the most influential and widely discussed" work on Wittgenstein since the 1980s.
4886:, and deal with the subjects of fictional names and perceptual error. In 2013 Oxford University Press published the lectures as a book, also titled
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812:. The most familiar logics in the modal family are constructed from a weak logic called K, named after Kripke. Kripke introduced the now-standard
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677:. In 1988 he received the university's Behrman Award for distinguished achievement in the humanities. In 2002 Kripke began teaching at the
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This is a powerful criterion: for example, all axioms listed above as canonical are (equivalent to) Sahlqvist formulas. A logic has the
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whether a given axiom is canonical. We know a nice sufficient condition: H. Sahlqvist identified a broad class of formulas (now called
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than to prove its completeness, thus correspondence serves as a guide to completeness proofs. Correspondence is also used to show
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Kripke semantics has a straightforward generalization to logics with more than one modality. A Kripke frame for a language with
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Second Annual Saul Kripke Lecture by John Burgess on the Necessity of Origin at the CUNY Graduate Center, November 13th, 2012
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Intuitionistic logic is sound and complete with respect to its Kripke semantics, and it has the Finite Model Property.
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549:. Kripke is often seen in opposition to the other great late-20th-century philosopher to eschew logical positivism:
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In his 1975 article "Outline of a Theory of Truth", Kripke showed that a language can consistently contain its own
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and complex mathematical problems before finishing elementary school. He wrote his first completeness theorem in
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521:, designating (picking out, denoting, referring to) the same object in every possible world, as contrasted with
513:, is considered one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century. It introduces the concept of
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903:, reflexivity, etc.), the corresponding frame is described, by extension, as being transitive, reflexive, etc.
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578:. Much of his work remains unpublished or exists only as tape recordings and privately circulated manuscripts.
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follows the same principles as the semantics of modal logic, but uses a different definition of satisfaction.
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Saul Kripke (1986). "Rigid Designation and the Contingent A Priori: The Meter Stick Revisited" (Notre Dame).
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properties, properties that could explain why two names referring to the same person may give different
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in mathematics. During his sophomore year at Harvard, he taught a graduate-level logic course at nearby
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The main application of canonical models are completeness proofs. Properties of the canonical model of
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Carlson, Tim (February 1986). "Modal logics with several operators and provability interpretations".
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at 17, and had it published a year later. After graduating from high school in 1958, Kripke attended
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there is an algorithm which computes the corresponding frame condition to a given Sahlqvist formula.
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Other scholars have subsequently offered detailed responses arguing that no plagiarism occurred.
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Semantics is useful for investigating a logic (i.e., a derivation system) only if the semantical
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Podcast of his talk "Unrestricted Exportation and Some Morals for the Philosophy of Language,"
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accepts it and offers a "skeptical solution" to ameliorate the paradox's destructive effects.
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Roundtable on Kripke's critique of mind-body identity with Scott Soames as the main presenter
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1337:. The satisfaction relation is uniquely determined by its value on propositional variables.
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6185:"Big Bang Theory: Who is Barry Kripke really named after? Real-life inspiration revealed"
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in New York City, where he taught until 1976. In 1978 he took a chaired professorship at
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594:. His father was the leader of Beth El Synagogue, the only Conservative congregation in
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argued that key concepts in Kripke's new theory of reference originated in the work of
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is an epistemic distinction, and contingent/necessary is a metaphysical distinction.
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602:; his mother wrote educational Jewish books for children. Saul and his two sisters,
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Fiction, Philosophy and Literary Theory: Will the Real Saul Kripke Please Stand Up?
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Fludernik, Monika. "Histories of Narrative Theory: From Structuralism to Present."
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implausible as a theory of how names get their references determined (e.g., surely
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Most of the modal systems used in practice (including all listed above) have FMP.
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Naming, Necessity and More: Explorations in the Philosophical Work of Saul Kripke
5911:
5501:
Knowledge in Perspective: (II) Naming, Necessity and the Analytic A Posteriori".
5361:
4782:
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615:
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409:. Since the 1960s, he has been a central figure in a number of fields related to
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generates an incomplete logic, as it corresponds to the same class of frames as
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5649:, by A. P. Martinich (Editor), E. David Sosa (Editor), 38. Saul Kripke (1940â).
5534:
Understanding the Nature of Law: A Case for Constructive Conceptual Explanation
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A simplified semantics, discovered by Tim Carlson, is often used for polymodal
591:
449:
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Video of his talk "From Church's Thesis to the First Order Algorithm Theorem,"
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The portmanteau "Kripkenstein" has been coined for Kripke's interpretation of
681:, and in 2003 he was appointed a distinguished professor of philosophy there.
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is Kripke complete if and only if it is complete of its corresponding class.
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5728:"Saul Kripke | Life, Philosophy, Works, & Facts | Britannica"
5451:
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5127:
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5119:
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2142:
2056:(viz. transitive and converse well-founded frames), but does not prove the
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457:
430:
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195:
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Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief
6480:, a short, non-technical interview by Andreas Saugstad, February 25, 2001.
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are normal modal logics that correspond to the same class of frames, but
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predicate. In fact it cannot, as that would create a new version of the
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6426:
Beyond Rigidity: The Unfinished Semantic Agenda of Naming and Necessity
6330:
A Sceptical Guide to Meaning and Rules: Defending Kripke's Wittgenstein
6041:
5983:
5907:
5870:
5849:
Kripke, Saul A. (March 1959). "A completeness theorem in modal logic".
5647:
A Companion to Analytic Philosophy (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy)
4723:
1599:
571:
191:
10605:
6546:
6509:
London Review of Books article by Jerry Fodor discussing Kripke's work
507:
O. A 1970 Princeton lecture series, published in book form in 1980 as
10134:
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9783:
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2978:, published in 1963, Kripke responded to a difficulty with classical
623:
445:
6120:(Fall 2017 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
5862:
5818:"Saul Kripke, Philosopher Who Found Truths in Semantics, Dies at 81"
5486:(Fall 2016 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
5281:
Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language: an Elementary Exposition
4970:
2657:. The definition of a satisfaction relation is modified as follows:
730:
on September 15, 2022, in Plainsboro, New Jersey, at the age of 81.
11012:
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8564:
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7755:
7720:
5686:"Philosopher, 65, Lectures Not About 'What Am I?' but 'What Is I?'"
5622:"Philosopher, 65, Lectures Not About 'What Am I?' but 'What Is I?'"
5251:
4808:
2961:{\displaystyle \forall u\in D_{i}\,(w\;R\;u\Rightarrow u\Vdash A).}
2461:
with respect to the class of all Kripke frames. This argument does
1962:
It is often much easier to characterize the corresponding class of
599:
402:
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with a video of his speech "The First Person", January 25â26, 2006
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as the set of its necessity operators consists of a non-empty set
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6362:
Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kripke and Naming and Necessity
4859:
4858:
necessary identity, but that such an identityâe.g., that pain is
2137:
if no contradiction can be derived from them using the axioms of
6130:
2114:) can be constructed, which validates precisely the theorems of
9963:
An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
9898:
9116:
8665:
8010:
7960:
7873:
7745:
5968:"Marcus, Kripke, and the Origin of the New Theory of Reference"
5099:
as to whether Wittgenstein would endorse his interpretation of
4875:
4820:
4816:
1548:) be the class of all frames which validate every formula from
770:(published in 1972 and 1980), which significantly restructured
570:. The book contains his rule-following argument, a paradox for
7630:
6149:"Review of Philosophical Troubles: Collected Papers, Volume 1"
2838:{\displaystyle \langle W,R,\{D_{i}\}_{i\in I},\Vdash \rangle }
2752:{\displaystyle \forall u\,(w\;R_{i}\;u\Rightarrow u\Vdash A).}
2122:
as models. Canonical Kripke models play a role similar to the
10444:
9384:
9216:
8862:
8515:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
8110:
8060:
6133:: Most of these recordings and lecture notes were created by
5139:
4781:: that is, a proper name refers to the named object in every
899:. Depending on the properties of the accessibility relation (
785:
595:
500:
441:
302:
174:
100:
6317:
The New Theory of Reference: Kripke, Marcus, and Its Origins
6100:
Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations: An Introduction
2563:
the class of frames corresponding to a Sahlqvist formula is
1625:(in particular, theorems of the minimal normal modal logic,
738:
8055:
8035:
8030:
7955:
7913:
7898:
6137:
while he was a student and, later, a colleague of Kripke's.
3649:, and the following compatibility conditions hold whenever
669:
After briefly teaching at Harvard, Kripke moved in 1968 to
514:
378:
4746:. Kripke attributes variants of descriptivist theories to
3591:{\displaystyle \langle W,\leq ,\{M_{w}\}_{w\in W}\rangle }
444:, especially modal logic. His principal contribution is a
386:; November 13, 1940 â September 15, 2022) was an American
5940:
Ed. Phelan and Rabinowitz. Blackwell Publishing, MA:2005.
5521:
Minding the Brain: A Guide to Philosophy and Neuroscience
2473:
of the canonical model satisfies the frame conditions of
645:
369:
41:
6484:
The conference in honor of Kripke's sixty-fifth birthday
5374:
Fellow, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea (1993â).
11311:
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
8455:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
6447:
CUNY Graduate Center Philosophy Department faculty page
6315:
Paul W. Humphreys and James H. Fetzer (editors) (1998)
1524:
of frames or models, if it is valid in every member of
2118:, by an adaptation of the standard technique of using
1822:, and define satisfaction of a propositional variable
622:'s complete works by nine, and mastering the works of
463:
Kripke was also partly responsible for the revival of
440:
Kripke made influential and original contributions to
397:. He was Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the
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2011:
1959:
corresponds to the class of reflexive Kripke frames.
1941:
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916:
837:
761:, published in several essays beginning in his teens.
586:
Saul Kripke was the oldest of three children born to
375:
363:
11306:
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
6459:
Saul Kripke's archive on the CUNY Philosophy Commons
5803:"Saul Aaron Kripke (1940-2022) â Saul Kripke Center"
5423:
5284:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982.
5269:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972.
4920:
4794:, Humphrey, or others in different possible worlds.
2469:, because there is no guarantee that the underlying
372:
366:
4995:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1602:relation reflects its syntactical counterpart, the
360:
5572:Quine versus Kripke on the Metaphysics of Modality
5243:Graduate Center of the City University of New York
5213:
5193:
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2751:
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2402:
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2090:
2044:
1947:
1911:
1885:
1844:
1790:
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1735:
1695:
1536:) to be the set of all formulas that are valid in
1509:
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1408:
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1314:
1270:
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1211:
1173:
1142:
1116:
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1056:
1030:
993:
972:
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399:Graduate Center of the City University of New York
5599:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xii.
5597:Philosophical Troubles: Collected Papers Volume 1
5310:Reference and Existence â The John Locke Lectures
4925:Kripke's main propositions about proper names in
2514:, the underlying frame of the canonical model of
792:He has also contributed to recursion theory (see
11222:
6536:A New York Times article about his 65th birthday
708:, and in 1985 was a Corresponding Fellow of the
10198:
5619:
5613:
5296:Philosophical Troubles. Collected Papers Vol. 1
4882:, they were in many respects a continuation of
3044:{\displaystyle \langle W,\leq ,\Vdash \rangle }
2860:for each modality. Satisfaction is defined as:
2045:{\displaystyle \Box (A\equiv \Box A)\to \Box A}
553:. Quine rejected essentialism and modal logic.
5391:Fellow, Norwegian Academy of Sciences (2000â).
2005:is Kripke incomplete. For example, the schema
750:Kripke's contributions to philosophy include:
684:Kripke has received honorary degrees from the
10621:
10184:
9329:
8681:
7646:
6562:
6151:– via Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.
6015:
3879:{\displaystyle w\Vdash P(t_{1},\dots ,t_{n})}
2450:has a counterexample in the canonical model.
1810:. On the other hand, a frame which validates
27:American philosopher and logician (1940â2022)
11366:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
11256:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
6302:Kripke : Names, Necessity, and Identity
4788:United States presidential election of 1968"
3617:
3605:
3585:
3570:
3556:
3541:
3070:
3058:
3038:
3020:
2832:
2811:
2797:
2782:
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2599:
2446:, in particular every formula unprovable in
2201:
2183:
1730:
1718:
1484:
1466:
1446:
1434:
1377:
1359:
967:
955:
935:
917:
850:
838:
606:and Netta, attended Dundee Grade School and
11386:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in New Jersey
5404:Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree,
5384:Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree,
5377:Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree,
5346:Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree,
5313:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
5298:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
2207:{\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle }
1490:{\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle }
1383:{\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle }
941:{\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle }
479:is a metaphysical notion distinct from the
10628:
10614:
10191:
10177:
10053:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
9343:
9336:
9322:
8688:
8674:
7653:
7639:
6569:
6555:
6076:John Burgess, "Marcus, Kripke, and Names"
5142:predicate, something deemed impossible by
5097:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
5070:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
4910:, though Kripke coined that term; and (6)
2936:
2932:
2727:
2716:
2631:{\displaystyle \{\Box _{i}\mid \,i\in I\}}
2267:
2263:
1205:
1201:
567:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
40:
10813:Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics
6531:information from 'Wisdom Supreme' website
5660:"Saul Kripke â The Graduate Center, CUNY"
5496:
5324:
5055:Learn how and when to remove this message
4846:Finally, Kripke gave an argument against
4544:
4411:
2925:
2709:
2615:
1655:is the largest class of frames such that
1194:
11169:Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club
10735:Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics
6523:, by Gary Shapiro, January 27, 2006, in
6146:
6111:
5148:
4722:
2976:Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic
2499:is valid in every frame which satisfies
1555:A modal logic (i.e., a set of formulas)
737:
556:Kripke also gave an original reading of
10666:Works associated with Paul Wittgenstein
10635:
6845:
6576:
6118:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5891:
5815:
5683:
5536:, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, p. 92.
5484:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5477:
5460:who is believed to be named after Saul)
5159:University of California, Santa Barbara
4710:
3623:{\displaystyle \langle W,\leq \rangle }
3076:{\displaystyle \langle W,\leq \rangle }
2997:
14:
11223:
6182:
5848:
5594:
5073:contends that the central argument of
4563:{\displaystyle w\Vdash (\forall x\,A)}
4430:{\displaystyle w\Vdash (\exists x\,A)}
3778:, we define the satisfaction relation
10609:
10172:
9317:
8669:
8485:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
7634:
6550:
6521:Celebrating CUNY's Genius Philosopher
5965:
5684:McGrath, Charles (January 28, 2006).
5497:Palmquist, Stephen (December 1987). "
5355:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
5236:
4773:As an alternative, Kripke outlined a
3952:{\displaystyle P(t_{1},\dots ,t_{n})}
2845:with a single accessibility relation
2126:construction in algebraic semantics.
2091:{\displaystyle \Box A\to \Box \Box A}
706:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
237:causal-historical theory of reference
11371:Mathematicians from New York (state)
8585:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
8505:The World as Will and Representation
6262:New Frontiers in American Philosophy
6112:Bolander, Thomas (August 31, 2017).
5246:In his favorable review of Kripke's
5166:Gödel's first incompleteness theorem
4993:adding citations to reliable sources
4964:
3678:realizations of function symbols in
3107:satisfies the following conditions:
2161:-consistent set which has no proper
11291:Jewish American non-fiction writers
6273:Saul Kripke: Puzzles and Mysteries.
6218:. New York, NY; London: Continuum.
4797:Kripke also raised the prospect of
3630:is an intuitionistic Kripke frame,
2438:-consistent set is contained in an
2101:
1736:{\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle }
1452:{\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle }
1212:{\displaystyle \forall u\,(w\;R\;u}
973:{\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle }
856:{\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle }
652:, and in 1963 was appointed to the
24:
11261:Philosophers from New York (state)
11246:21st-century American philosophers
11241:20th-century American philosophers
6205:
6147:Crimmins, Mark (30 October 2013).
6102:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2
5816:Roberts, Sam (21 September 2022).
5153:Saul Kripke gives a lecture about
5067:First published in 1982, Kripke's
4538:
4405:
4365:
4008:{\displaystyle w\Vdash (A\land B)}
3497:
2906:
2892:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box _{i}A}
2703:
2689:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box _{i}A}
2457:immediately imply completeness of
2414:The canonical model is a model of
1563:with respect to a class of frames
1188:
1022:
719:Kripke was married to philosopher
581:
25:
11407:
11336:American philosophers of language
11251:American male non-fiction writers
10651:Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein
6440:
4127:{\displaystyle w\Vdash (A\lor B)}
2762:
2560:a Sahlqvist formula is canonical,
2281:if and only if for every formula
716:in Logic and Philosophy in 2001.
660:, known for creating the TV show
11376:Omaha Central High School alumni
10806:Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough
8695:
8648:
8638:
8637:
7614:
7605:
7604:
5966:Smith, Quentin (2 August 2001).
5938:A Companion to Narrative Theory.
5753:"Fellows of the British Academy"
5583:What the Tortoise said to Kripke
5426:
4969:
4695:) is the evaluation which gives
4246:{\displaystyle w\Vdash (A\to B)}
3518:Intuitionistic first-order logic
3224:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A\land B}
2537:, 1991), but the combined logic
648:. Upon graduation he received a
356:
11326:People from Bay Shore, New York
8435:Meditations on First Philosophy
7660:
6176:
6140:
6124:
6105:
6092:
6083:
6070:
6009:
5959:
5943:
5930:
5885:
5842:
5828:
5809:
5795:
5770:
5745:
5720:
5696:
5677:
5652:
5640:
5478:Cumming, Sam (March 19, 2013).
4980:needs additional citations for
4960:
4437:if and only if there exists an
3310:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A\lor B}
2642:equipped with binary relations
2480:We say that a formula or a set
1991:does not prove all theorems of
1006:and modal formulas, such that:
1002:is a relation between nodes of
700:(2005). He was a member of the
11346:American philosophers of logic
10757:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
9993:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
9112:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
6817:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
6478:"Saul Kripke, Genius Logician"
6332:. Acumben: Publishing Limited.
5620:Charles McGrath (2006-01-28).
5588:
5576:
5565:
5548:
5539:
5526:
5513:
5490:
5471:
5413:American Philosophical Society
5241:The Saul Kripke Center at the
5181:that it is undefined at stage
5091:Most commentators accept that
4666:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4535:
4507:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4402:
4374:
4368:
4336:
4330:
4301:
4295:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4191:
4185:
4156:
4150:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4100:
4072:
4066:
4037:
4031:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3981:
3946:
3943:
3937:
3915:
3909:
3896:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3832:
3800:
3794:
3396:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A\to B}
3387:
2952:
2940:
2926:
2743:
2731:
2710:
2076:
2033:
2030:
2015:
1886:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box p}
1765:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box A}
1687:
1544:is a set of formulas, let Mod(
1235:
1195:
1174:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box A}
1091:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A\to B}
1082:
1031:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \neg A}
803:
702:American Philosophical Society
204:History of analytic philosophy
114:in Logic and Philosophy (2001)
13:
1:
11341:American philosophers of mind
9874:Principle of compositionality
6473:Mathematics Genealogy Project
6116:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
5895:Israel Journal of Mathematics
5482:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
5464:
5447:List of American philosophers
5101:Philosophical Investigations.
4893:In a 1995 paper, philosopher
4744:descriptivist theory of names
4736:The three lectures that form
4380:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \bot }
3668:is included in the domain of
3503:{\displaystyle w\Vdash \bot }
3115:is a propositional variable,
2589:FMP, and is Kripke complete.
2110:, a Kripke model (called the
704:and an elected Fellow of the
11381:Wittgensteinian philosophers
11331:Writers from Omaha, Nebraska
11281:Princeton University faculty
11266:American metaphysics writers
10876:Ordinary language philosophy
10785:Philosophical Investigations
10764:Some Remarks on Logical Form
10023:Philosophical Investigations
8620:Philosophy of space and time
6229:Alan Berger (editor) (2011)
5778:"Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien"
5109:Philosophical Investigations
5093:Philosophical Investigations
5080:Philosophical Investigations
4742:constitute an attack on the
4703:, and otherwise agrees with
3771:of variables by elements of
3530:language. A Kripke model of
1497:for all possible choices of
764:His 1970 Princeton lectures
525:. It also contains Kripke's
7:
11351:Rolf Schock Prize laureates
9864:Modality (natural language)
9157:Internalism and externalism
8495:The Phenomenology of Spirit
6374:Christopher Norris (2007),
6300:Christopher Hughes (2004),
6266:The New York Times Magazine
6183:Davies, Alex (2019-11-13).
5419:
5399:Swedish Academy of Sciences
3011:intuitionistic Kripke model
2506:for any normal modal logic
2488:with respect to a property
2323:{\displaystyle \Box A\in X}
2106:For any normal modal logic
1696:{\displaystyle \Box A\to A}
618:by the age of six, reading
10:
11412:
11396:Jews from New York (state)
11356:Philosophers from Nebraska
10684:Picture theory of language
10003:Language, Truth, and Logic
9743:Theological noncognitivism
9628:Contrast theory of meaning
9623:Causal theory of reference
9354:Index of language articles
6716:Causal theory of reference
6131:Saul Kripke Center website
5406:University of Pennsylvania
4775:causal theory of reference
4716:
4622:{\displaystyle a\in M_{u}}
4463:{\displaystyle a\in M_{w}}
1241:{\displaystyle u\Vdash A)}
1117:{\displaystyle w\nVdash A}
1057:{\displaystyle w\nVdash A}
746:, a particular modal logic
698:University of Pennsylvania
527:causal theory of reference
448:for modal logic involving
233:causal theory of reference
11286:Jewish American academics
11276:Harvard University alumni
11192:
11156:
11026:
11000:
10894:
10861:Ideal language philosophy
10843:
10748:
10715:Private language argument
10702:
10676:
10643:
10508:
10401:
10306:
10207:
10143:
10088:Philosophy of information
10075:
9924:
9776:
9688:Mediated reference theory
9613:
9360:
9351:
9283:
9232:
9081:
8988:Evolutionary epistemology
8958:
8703:
8633:
8557:
8356:
8096:
7824:
7668:
7600:
7575:
7537:
7511:
7485:
7457:
7401:
7373:
7310:
7289:
7228:
7186:
7163:
7140:
7042:
6986:
6948:
6892:
6799:
6703:
6653:
6627:
6591:
6584:
6029:Times Literary Supplement
5851:Journal of Symbolic Logic
5836:"Saul Kripke (1940-2022)"
5503:The Review of Metaphysics
5397:in Logic and Philosophy,
5231:strengthened liar paradox
5083:centers on a devastating
4672:{\displaystyle u\Vdash A}
4570:if and only if for every
4513:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
4342:{\displaystyle u\Vdash B}
4307:{\displaystyle u\Vdash A}
4197:{\displaystyle w\Vdash B}
4162:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
4078:{\displaystyle w\Vdash B}
4043:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
3806:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
3641:-structure for each node
3474:{\displaystyle u\Vdash B}
3448:{\displaystyle u\Vdash A}
3362:{\displaystyle w\Vdash B}
3336:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
3276:{\displaystyle w\Vdash B}
3250:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
3186:{\displaystyle u\Vdash p}
3160:{\displaystyle w\Vdash p}
2426:contains all theorems of
2377:{\displaystyle X\Vdash A}
2124:LindenbaumâTarski algebra
1970:of modal logics: suppose
1912:{\displaystyle w\Vdash p}
1845:{\displaystyle u\Vdash p}
1814:has to be reflexive: fix
1791:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
1409:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
1271:{\displaystyle w\Vdash A}
1143:{\displaystyle w\Vdash B}
742:Example Kripke model for
696:, Israel (1998), and the
608:Omaha Central High School
460:in Logic and Philosophy.
345:
209:
168:
154:
142:
132:
122:
118:
107:
92:
73:
51:
39:
32:
10013:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
9260:Philosophy of perception
9063:Representational realism
9033:Naturalized epistemology
8610:Philosophy of psychology
8545:Simulacra and Simulation
6776:Scientific structuralism
5556:Water's water everywhere
5379:Johns Hopkins University
5258:
5133:
4800:a posteriori necessities
2986:logic must be weakened.
2147:maximal L-consistent set
1935:using the definition of
867:is a non-empty set, and
798:KripkeâPlatek set theory
759:modal and related logics
690:Johns Hopkins University
320:Disquotational principle
282:Semantic theory of truth
224:KripkeâPlatek set theory
11316:American metaphysicians
10881:Wittgensteinian fideism
10427:Herzog & de Meuron
10215:Willard Van Orman Quine
9814:Useâmention distinction
9658:Direct reference theory
9240:Outline of epistemology
9073:Transcendental idealism
8475:Critique of Pure Reason
6381:Consuelo Preti (2002),
6340:Wittgenstein on Meaning
5954:Oxford University Press
5949:Chalmers, David. 1996.
4921:"A Puzzle about Belief"
4906:; (5) the concept of a
4888:Reference and Existence
4880:Reference and Existence
4589:{\displaystyle u\geq w}
4272:{\displaystyle u\geq w}
4253:if and only if for all
3422:{\displaystyle u\geq w}
3403:if and only if for all
3134:{\displaystyle w\leq u}
3100:{\displaystyle \Vdash }
2274:{\displaystyle X\;R\;Y}
2243:{\displaystyle \Vdash }
2120:maximal consistent sets
1948:{\displaystyle \Vdash }
1510:{\displaystyle \Vdash }
1315:{\displaystyle \Vdash }
994:{\displaystyle \Vdash }
980:is a Kripke frame, and
733:
610:. Kripke was labeled a
456:. He received the 2001
241:direct reference theory
127:Contemporary philosophy
11209:Wittgenstein Tractatus
11018:William Warren Bartley
9748:Theory of descriptions
9683:Linguistic determinism
9345:Philosophy of language
9187:Problem of other minds
8066:Typeâtoken distinction
7894:Hypostatic abstraction
7676:Abstract object theory
6832:Reflective equilibrium
6360:Harold Noonan (2013),
6164:Cite journal requires
6098:Stern, David G. 2006.
5560:London Review of Books
5367:Howard Behrman Award,
5360:Corresponding Fellow,
5348:University of Nebraska
5325:Awards and recognition
5248:Philosophical Troubles
5215:
5195:
5162:
5085:rule-following paradox
4733:
4673:
4623:
4590:
4564:
4514:
4464:
4431:
4381:
4343:
4308:
4273:
4247:
4198:
4163:
4128:
4079:
4044:
4009:
3953:
3880:
3807:
3624:
3592:
3504:
3475:
3449:
3423:
3397:
3363:
3337:
3311:
3277:
3251:
3225:
3187:
3161:
3135:
3101:
3077:
3045:
2962:
2893:
2839:
2753:
2690:
2632:
2404:
2403:{\displaystyle A\in X}
2378:
2350:
2349:{\displaystyle A\in Y}
2324:
2295:
2275:
2244:
2208:
2165:-consistent superset.
2092:
2046:
1949:
1913:
1887:
1846:
1792:
1766:
1737:
1697:
1617:of Kripke frames, Thm(
1511:
1491:
1453:
1410:
1384:
1316:
1272:
1242:
1213:
1175:
1144:
1118:
1092:
1058:
1032:
995:
974:
942:
897:accessibility relation
857:
777:His interpretation of
772:philosophy of language
747:
686:University of Nebraska
671:Rockefeller University
547:theory of descriptions
419:philosophy of language
328:Rule-following paradox
324:Accessibility relation
184:Philosophy of language
85:Plainsboro, New Jersey
11271:Analytic philosophers
10778:Philosophical Remarks
10694:Wittgenstein's ladder
9859:Mental representation
9794:Linguistic relativity
9678:Inquisitive semantics
9265:Philosophy of science
9245:Faith and rationality
9127:Descriptive knowledge
8998:Feminist epistemology
8938:Nicholas Wolterstorff
8655:Philosophy portal
8535:Being and Nothingness
7951:Mental representation
7503:Nicholas Wolterstorff
6958:David Malet Armstrong
6401:Reference and Essence
6328:Martin Kusch (2006),
6271:John Burgess (2013),
6243:Jonathan Berg (2014)
6078:Philosophical Studies
5595:Kripke, Saul (2011).
5216:
5196:
5152:
4904:necessity of identity
4870:Kripke delivered the
4726:
4674:
4624:
4591:
4565:
4515:
4465:
4432:
4382:
4344:
4309:
4274:
4248:
4199:
4164:
4129:
4080:
4045:
4010:
3954:
3881:
3808:
3692:agree on elements of
3625:
3593:
3505:
3476:
3450:
3424:
3398:
3364:
3338:
3312:
3278:
3252:
3226:
3188:
3162:
3136:
3102:
3078:
3046:
3002:Kripke semantics for
2980:quantification theory
2963:
2894:
2840:
2754:
2691:
2633:
2576:finite model property
2492:of Kripke frames, if
2405:
2379:
2351:
2325:
2296:
2276:
2245:
2209:
2129:A set of formulas is
2093:
2047:
1950:
1914:
1888:
1847:
1793:
1767:
1738:
1698:
1639:to a class of frames
1632:A normal modal logic
1512:
1492:
1454:
1411:
1385:
1324:satisfaction relation
1317:
1273:
1243:
1214:
1176:
1145:
1119:
1093:
1059:
1033:
996:
975:
943:
858:
744:linear temporal logic
741:
489:, and that there are
471:after the decline of
11147:Wittgenstein's Poker
10771:Blue and Brown Books
10740:Therapeutic approach
10546:Anne Sofie von Otter
10475:Jean-Philippe Vassal
10208:Logic and philosophy
10043:Naming and Necessity
9953:De Arte Combinatoria
9752:Definite description
9713:Semantic externalism
9197:Procedural knowledge
9182:Problem of induction
8580:Feminist metaphysics
6285:G. W. Fitch (2005),
6260:(August 14, 1977), "
6021:"No Plagiarism Here"
5838:. 16 September 2022.
5805:. 16 September 2022.
5708:X (formerly Twitter)
5369:Princeton University
5266:Naming and Necessity
5205:
5185:
4989:improve this article
4927:Naming and Necessity
4884:Naming and Necessity
4848:identity materialism
4739:Naming and Necessity
4730:Naming and Necessity
4719:Naming and Necessity
4712:Naming and Necessity
4633:
4600:
4574:
4526:
4474:
4441:
4393:
4356:
4318:
4283:
4257:
4210:
4173:
4138:
4091:
4054:
4019:
3972:
3890:
3820:
3782:
3767:Given an evaluation
3602:
3538:
3488:
3459:
3433:
3407:
3375:
3347:
3321:
3289:
3261:
3235:
3203:
3171:
3145:
3119:
3091:
3055:
3017:
3004:intuitionistic logic
2998:Intuitionistic logic
2903:
2867:
2779:
2700:
2664:
2596:
2388:
2362:
2334:
2305:
2285:
2257:
2234:
2226:, and the relations
2180:
2067:
2009:
1939:
1897:
1868:
1830:
1776:
1747:
1715:
1678:
1670:Consider the schema
1501:
1463:
1459:, if it is valid in
1431:
1394:
1356:
1306:
1256:
1223:
1185:
1156:
1128:
1102:
1070:
1042:
1013:
985:
952:
914:
835:
818:intuitionistic logic
767:Naming and Necessity
679:CUNY Graduate Center
675:Princeton University
650:Fulbright Fellowship
531:descriptivist theory
510:Naming and Necessity
407:Princeton University
177: (particularly
163:CUNY Graduate Center
159:Princeton University
11296:Jewish philosophers
10922:John Maynard Keynes
10851:Analytic philosophy
10637:Ludwig Wittgenstein
10093:Philosophical logic
10083:Analytic philosophy
9889:Sense and reference
9768:Verification theory
9723:Situation semantics
9275:Virtue epistemology
9270:Social epistemology
9250:Formal epistemology
9137:Epistemic injustice
9132:Exploratory thought
8933:Ludwig Wittgenstein
8425:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
7936:Linguistic modality
7325:Patricia Churchland
7256:Christine Korsgaard
7142:Logical positivists
7034:Ludwig Wittgenstein
6811:paradox of analysis
6578:Analytic philosophy
6089:Kripke, 1980, p. 20
6019:(9 February 2001).
5951:The Conscious Mind.
5757:The British Academy
5457:The Big Bang Theory
5442:American philosophy
5386:University of Haifa
5173:â is the basis for
4872:John Locke Lectures
3756:, then it holds in
2465:work for arbitrary
1651:). In other words,
694:University of Haifa
614:, teaching himself
558:Ludwig Wittgenstein
272:The possibility of
243:, criticism of the
229:theory of reference
66:Bay Shore, New York
11391:Jews from Nebraska
11174:Haidbauer incident
11164:Cambridge Apostles
10982:Friedrich Waismann
10871:Logical positivism
10720:Family resemblance
10386:Nikolai G. Makarov
10362:Michael Aschbacher
10344:Richard P. Stanley
9943:Port-Royal Grammar
9839:Family resemblance
9758:Theory of language
9733:Supposition theory
8928:Timothy Williamson
8718:Augustine of Hippo
8615:Philosophy of self
8605:Philosophy of mind
7869:Embodied cognition
7781:Scientific realism
7498:William Lane Craig
7216:Friedrich Waismann
7173:Carl Gustav Hempel
7132:Timothy Williamson
7092:Alasdair MacIntyre
6950:Australian realism
6930:Russ Shafer-Landau
6791:Analytical Thomism
6746:Logical positivism
6514:2009-04-16 at the
6501:2015-11-25 at the
6452:2009-09-30 at the
6080:, 84: 1, pp. 1â47.
6042:10.1007/BF01063869
5984:10.1007/BF01063869
5908:10.1007/BF02764872
5822:The New York Times
5732:www.britannica.com
5690:The New York Times
5627:The New York Times
5523:, Palgrave, p. 51.
5341:Harvard University
5337:Society of Fellows
5237:Saul Kripke Center
5211:
5191:
5163:
4899:Ruth Barcan Marcus
4852:philosophy of mind
4734:
4669:
4619:
4586:
4560:
4510:
4460:
4427:
4377:
4339:
4304:
4269:
4243:
4194:
4159:
4124:
4075:
4040:
4005:
3949:
3876:
3803:
3620:
3588:
3500:
3471:
3445:
3419:
3393:
3359:
3333:
3307:
3273:
3247:
3221:
3183:
3157:
3131:
3097:
3087:Kripke frame, and
3073:
3041:
2958:
2889:
2835:
2769:provability logics
2749:
2686:
2628:
2554:Sahlqvist formulas
2548:In general, it is
2400:
2374:
2346:
2320:
2291:
2271:
2240:
2218:is the set of all
2204:
2176:is a Kripke model
2088:
2042:
1945:
1909:
1883:
1842:
1788:
1762:
1733:
1693:
1663:. It follows that
1623:normal modal logic
1507:
1487:
1449:
1406:
1380:
1312:
1268:
1238:
1209:
1171:
1140:
1114:
1088:
1054:
1028:
991:
970:
938:
853:
794:admissible ordinal
748:
654:Society of Fellows
632:Harvard University
473:logical positivism
337:Humphrey objection
262:flaccid designator
250:Admissible ordinal
245:FregeâRussell view
200:Philosophy of mind
137:Western philosophy
112:Rolf Schock Prizes
97:Harvard University
77:September 15, 2022
11218:
11217:
11179:Haus Wittgenstein
10907:R. B. Braithwaite
10902:G. E. M. Anscombe
10827:Remarks on Colour
10799:Culture and Value
10661:Paul Wittgenstein
10656:Karl Wittgenstein
10603:
10602:
10594:VĂkingur Ălafsson
10570:Herbert Blomstedt
10421:Torsten Andersson
10200:Rolf Schock Prize
10166:
10165:
9668:Dynamic semantics
9311:
9310:
9177:Privileged access
8813:SĂžren Kierkegaard
8663:
8662:
7842:Category of being
7811:Truthmaker theory
7628:
7627:
7596:
7595:
7312:Pittsburgh School
7302:Peter van Inwagen
7236:Roderick Chisholm
7224:
7223:
7117:Richard Swinburne
7052:G. E. M. Anscombe
6888:
6887:
6786:Analytic theology
6761:Ordinary language
6699:
6698:
6378:London: Continuum
6324:978-0-7923-4898-6
6280:978-0-7456-5284-9
6238:978-0-521-85826-7
5606:978-0-19-973015-5
5562:, 21 October 2004
5532:Michael Giudice,
5434:Philosophy portal
5331:Fulbright Scholar
5214:{\displaystyle n}
5201:for every finite
5194:{\displaystyle n}
5065:
5064:
5057:
5039:
4946:Londres est jolie
4874:in philosophy at
4779:rigid designators
3637:is a (classical)
3085:partially ordered
2294:{\displaystyle A}
2157:for short) is an
1647: = Mod(
1591: â Thm(
1571: â Thm(
1540:. Conversely, if
728:pancreatic cancer
642:bachelor's degree
588:Dorothy K. Kripke
519:rigid designators
352:Saul Aaron Kripke
349:
348:
62:November 13, 1940
16:(Redirected from
11403:
10992:G. H. von Wright
10957:Bertrand Russell
10630:
10623:
10616:
10607:
10606:
10582:Barbara Hannigan
10439:Susan Rothenberg
10245:Solomon Feferman
10193:
10186:
10179:
10170:
10169:
10128:Formal semantics
10076:Related articles
10068:
10058:
10048:
10038:
10028:
10018:
10008:
9998:
9988:
9978:
9968:
9958:
9948:
9938:
9708:Relevance theory
9703:Phallogocentrism
9338:
9331:
9324:
9315:
9314:
9255:Metaepistemology
9233:Related articles
9207:Regress argument
9142:Epistemic virtue
8893:Bertrand Russell
8868:Duncan Pritchard
8828:Hilary Kornblith
8743:Laurence BonJour
8690:
8683:
8676:
8667:
8666:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8641:
8640:
8550:
8540:
8530:
8520:
8510:
8500:
8490:
8480:
8470:
8460:
8450:
8440:
8430:
8420:
8410:
8400:
8390:
8380:
8370:
8046:Substantial form
7858:Cogito, ergo sum
7801:Substance theory
7655:
7648:
7641:
7632:
7631:
7618:
7617:
7608:
7607:
7547:Nancy Cartwright
7388:Nicholas Rescher
7365:Bas van Fraassen
7355:Nicholas Rescher
7178:Hans Reichenbach
7161:
7160:
7127:Bernard Williams
7024:Bertrand Russell
6946:
6945:
6880:Rigid designator
6843:
6842:
6589:
6588:
6585:Related articles
6571:
6564:
6557:
6548:
6547:
6525:The New York Sun
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6167:
6162:
6160:
6152:
6144:
6138:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6114:"Self-Reference"
6109:
6103:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6081:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6058:
6052:. Archived from
6025:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5994:. Archived from
5963:
5957:
5947:
5941:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5780:. Archived from
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5662:. Archived from
5656:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5569:
5563:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5537:
5530:
5524:
5519:Georg Northoff,
5517:
5511:
5510:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5475:
5454:(a character on
5436:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5175:Tarski's theorem
5060:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5040:
5038:
4997:
4973:
4965:
4908:rigid designator
4878:in 1973. Titled
4805:necessarily true
4803:âfacts that are
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3936:
3935:
3908:
3907:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3863:
3862:
3844:
3843:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3568:
3567:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2924:
2923:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2825:
2824:
2809:
2808:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2726:
2725:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2611:
2610:
2545:) is canonical.
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2250:are as follows:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2102:Canonical models
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1707:is valid in any
1702:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1583:with respect to
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1302:". The relation
1290:is satisfied in
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
979:
977:
976:
971:
947:
945:
944:
939:
895:is known as the
862:
860:
859:
854:
814:Kripke semantics
755:Kripke semantics
721:Margaret Gilbert
688:, Omaha (1977),
543:Bertrand Russell
529:, disputing the
491:necessary truths
454:Kripke semantics
435:recursion theory
385:
384:
381:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
316:Kripke semantics
254:Kripke structure
80:
61:
59:
44:
30:
29:
21:
11411:
11410:
11406:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11401:
11400:
11321:Modal logicians
11221:
11220:
11219:
11214:
11188:
11152:
11131:Stephen Toulmin
11111:Oswald Hanfling
11106:Jaakko Hintikka
11086:Warren Goldfarb
11046:James F. Conant
11028:
11022:
10996:
10967:Francis Skinner
10947:Frank P. Ramsey
10890:
10866:Logical atomism
10856:Linguistic turn
10839:
10744:
10698:
10672:
10639:
10634:
10604:
10599:
10504:
10433:Giuseppe Penone
10415:Claes Oldenburg
10397:
10356:Endre Szemerédi
10350:Luis Caffarelli
10338:Elliott H. Lieb
10302:
10251:Jaakko Hintikka
10221:Michael Dummett
10203:
10197:
10167:
10162:
10139:
10118:School of Names
10071:
10066:
10056:
10046:
10036:
10033:Of Grammatology
10026:
10016:
10006:
9996:
9986:
9976:
9966:
9956:
9946:
9936:
9920:
9772:
9718:Semantic holism
9698:Non-cognitivism
9638:Conventionalism
9609:
9356:
9347:
9342:
9312:
9307:
9279:
9228:
9147:Gettier problem
9077:
9008:Foundationalism
8954:
8903:Wilfrid Sellars
8858:Alvin Plantinga
8738:George Berkeley
8705:Epistemologists
8699:
8694:
8664:
8659:
8649:
8647:
8629:
8553:
8548:
8538:
8528:
8518:
8508:
8498:
8488:
8478:
8468:
8458:
8448:
8438:
8428:
8418:
8408:
8398:
8395:De rerum natura
8388:
8378:
8368:
8352:
8092:
7996:Physical object
7832:Abstract object
7820:
7806:Theory of forms
7741:Meaning of life
7664:
7659:
7629:
7624:
7615:
7592:
7583:Jan Ćukasiewicz
7571:
7539:Stanford School
7533:
7519:Paul Feyerabend
7507:
7493:Alvin Plantinga
7481:
7467:James F. Conant
7453:
7397:
7369:
7360:Wilfrid Sellars
7350:Alexander Pruss
7330:Paul Churchland
7306:
7285:
7241:Donald Davidson
7220:
7182:
7159:
7136:
7062:Michael Dummett
7038:
7029:Frank P. Ramsey
6982:
6944:
6920:Jaakko Hintikka
6905:Keith Donnellan
6884:
6841:
6795:
6756:Neurophilosophy
6741:Logical atomism
6695:
6649:
6623:
6580:
6575:
6516:Wayback Machine
6503:Wayback Machine
6454:Wayback Machine
6443:
6208:
6206:Further reading
6203:
6202:
6193:
6191:
6181:
6177:
6165:
6163:
6154:
6153:
6145:
6141:
6129:
6125:
6110:
6106:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6075:
6071:
6062:
6060:
6059:on 14 July 2010
6056:
6023:
6014:
6010:
6001:
5999:
5998:on 10 June 2007
5964:
5960:
5948:
5944:
5935:
5931:
5890:
5886:
5863:10.2307/2964568
5847:
5843:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5814:
5810:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5787:
5785:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5736:
5734:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5712:
5710:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5682:
5678:
5669:
5667:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5645:
5641:
5632:
5630:
5618:
5614:
5607:
5593:
5589:
5585:by Romina Padro
5581:
5577:
5570:
5566:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5531:
5527:
5518:
5514:
5495:
5491:
5476:
5472:
5467:
5432:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5388:, Israel, 1998.
5362:British Academy
5327:
5261:
5239:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5136:
5061:
5050:
5044:
5041:
4998:
4996:
4986:
4974:
4963:
4923:
4826:
4790:could refer to
4721:
4715:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4613:
4609:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4454:
4450:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:if and only if
4092:
4089:
4088:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:if and only if
3973:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3931:
3927:
3903:
3899:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:if and only if
3858:
3854:
3839:
3835:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3741:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3706:-ary predicate
3697:
3690:
3683:
3673:
3666:
3635:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3317:if and only if
3290:
3287:
3286:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:if and only if
3204:
3201:
3200:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3000:
2919:
2915:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:if and only if
2880:
2876:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:is a structure
2765:
2721:
2717:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:if and only if
2677:
2673:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2647:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2541:(in fact, even
2510:which contains
2484:of formulas is
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:if and only if
2363:
2360:
2359:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2170:canonical model
2112:canonical model
2104:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1852:if and only if
1831:
1828:
1827:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:if and only if
1157:
1154:
1153:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:if and only if
1071:
1068:
1067:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:if and only if
1014:
1011:
1010:
986:
983:
982:
953:
950:
949:
915:
912:
911:
873:binary relation
836:
833:
832:
806:
736:
726:Kripke died of
710:British Academy
640:in 1962 with a
637:summa cum laude
584:
582:Life and career
506:
499:, such as that
493:that are known
450:possible worlds
359:
355:
341:
335:
326:
322:
318:
314:
305:
289:
286:Kripke's theory
280:
271:
264:
256:
252:
248:
226:
220:
219:
212:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
171:
161:
88:
82:
78:
69:
63:
57:
55:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11409:
11399:
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11216:
11215:
11213:
11212:
11205:
11196:
11194:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11186:
11184:Fritz Mauthner
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11160:
11158:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11150:
11143:
11138:
11136:Crispin Wright
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11116:A. C. Grayling
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11096:D. Z. Phillips
11093:
11091:Stanley Cavell
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11071:Dale Jacquette
11068:
11063:
11061:Terry Eagleton
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11032:
11030:
11024:
11023:
11021:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11004:
11002:
10998:
10997:
10995:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10962:Moritz Schlick
10959:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10934:
10932:Norman Malcolm
10929:
10924:
10919:
10917:Paul Engelmann
10914:
10909:
10904:
10898:
10896:
10892:
10891:
10889:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10847:
10845:
10841:
10840:
10838:
10837:
10830:
10823:
10816:
10809:
10802:
10795:
10788:
10781:
10774:
10767:
10760:
10752:
10750:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10725:Rule-following
10722:
10717:
10712:
10706:
10704:
10700:
10699:
10697:
10696:
10691:
10686:
10680:
10678:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10669:
10668:
10658:
10653:
10647:
10645:
10641:
10640:
10633:
10632:
10625:
10618:
10610:
10601:
10600:
10598:
10597:
10591:
10585:
10579:
10573:
10567:
10561:
10555:
10552:Mauricio Kagel
10549:
10543:
10540:Kaija Saariaho
10537:
10534:Kronos Quartet
10531:
10525:
10519:
10516:Ingvar Lidholm
10512:
10510:
10506:
10505:
10503:
10502:
10496:
10490:
10484:
10478:
10468:
10462:
10456:
10453:Ryue Nishizawa
10442:
10436:
10430:
10424:
10418:
10412:
10405:
10403:
10399:
10398:
10396:
10395:
10389:
10383:
10380:Ronald Coifman
10377:
10374:Richard Schoen
10371:
10365:
10359:
10353:
10347:
10341:
10335:
10329:
10323:
10317:
10314:Elias M. Stein
10310:
10308:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10300:
10294:
10291:Per Martin-Löf
10284:
10281:Saharon Shelah
10278:
10272:
10266:
10260:
10254:
10248:
10242:
10236:
10230:
10224:
10218:
10211:
10209:
10205:
10204:
10196:
10195:
10188:
10181:
10173:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10144:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10137:
10132:
10131:
10130:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10079:
10077:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10069:
10059:
10049:
10039:
10029:
10019:
10009:
9999:
9989:
9979:
9969:
9959:
9949:
9939:
9928:
9926:
9922:
9921:
9919:
9918:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9869:Presupposition
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9780:
9778:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9648:Deconstruction
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9619:
9617:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9366:
9364:
9358:
9357:
9352:
9349:
9348:
9341:
9340:
9333:
9326:
9318:
9309:
9308:
9306:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9236:
9234:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9226:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9096:
9087:
9085:
9079:
9078:
9076:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8973:Constructivism
8970:
8964:
8962:
8956:
8955:
8953:
8952:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8923:Baruch Spinoza
8920:
8918:P. F. Strawson
8915:
8910:
8908:Susanna Siegel
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8883:W. V. O. Quine
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8783:Nelson Goodman
8780:
8775:
8773:Edmund Gettier
8770:
8765:
8760:
8758:René Descartes
8755:
8750:
8748:Gilles Deleuze
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8723:William Alston
8720:
8715:
8713:Thomas Aquinas
8709:
8707:
8701:
8700:
8693:
8692:
8685:
8678:
8670:
8661:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8645:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8561:
8559:
8558:Related topics
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8541:
8531:
8525:Being and Time
8521:
8511:
8501:
8491:
8481:
8471:
8461:
8451:
8441:
8431:
8421:
8411:
8401:
8391:
8381:
8371:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8102:
8100:
8098:Metaphysicians
8094:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7854:
7852:Causal closure
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7828:
7826:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7726:Libertarianism
7723:
7718:
7713:
7711:Existentialism
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7665:
7658:
7657:
7650:
7643:
7635:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7622:
7612:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7590:
7585:
7579:
7577:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7567:Patrick Suppes
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7515:
7513:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7489:
7487:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7463:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7451:
7449:Michael Walzer
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7379:
7377:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7335:Adolf GrĂŒnbaum
7332:
7327:
7322:
7320:Robert Brandom
7316:
7314:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7278:
7276:W. V. O. Quine
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7251:Nelson Goodman
7248:
7246:Daniel Dennett
7243:
7238:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7225:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7211:Moritz Schlick
7208:
7203:
7198:
7192:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7169:
7167:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7146:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7122:Charles Taylor
7119:
7114:
7112:P. F. Strawson
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7048:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7009:Norman Malcolm
7006:
7001:
6996:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6978:J. J. C. Smart
6975:
6970:
6965:
6963:David Chalmers
6960:
6954:
6952:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6925:Giuseppe Peano
6922:
6917:
6915:Edmund Gettier
6912:
6907:
6902:
6896:
6894:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6870:Possible world
6867:
6862:
6857:
6851:
6849:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6822:Counterfactual
6819:
6814:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6681:Paraconsistent
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6595:
6593:
6592:Areas of focus
6586:
6582:
6581:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6518:
6506:
6493:
6492:June 13, 2006.
6487:
6481:
6475:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6442:
6441:External links
6439:
6438:
6437:
6419:
6416:978-1591022152
6394:
6379:
6372:
6370:978-1135105167
6358:
6355:978-0631137641
6333:
6326:
6313:
6298:
6283:
6269:
6255:
6241:
6227:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6175:
6166:|journal=
6139:
6123:
6104:
6091:
6082:
6069:
6008:
5978:(2): 179â189.
5958:
5942:
5929:
5884:
5841:
5827:
5808:
5794:
5769:
5744:
5719:
5695:
5676:
5651:
5639:
5612:
5605:
5587:
5575:
5564:
5554:Jerry Fodor, "
5547:
5538:
5525:
5512:
5489:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5449:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5392:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5334:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5306:
5293:
5277:
5260:
5257:
5238:
5235:
5210:
5190:
5171:diagonal lemma
5135:
5132:
5063:
5062:
4977:
4975:
4968:
4962:
4959:
4922:
4919:
4865:David Chalmers
4824:
4823:", "Water is H
4783:possible world
4717:Main article:
4714:
4709:
4681:
4680:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4521:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4388:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4350:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4205:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4086:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3967:
3962:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3739:
3727:
3720:
3714:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3661:the domain of
3633:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3482:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3370:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3284:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3198:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3096:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
2999:
2996:
2969:
2968:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2852:
2849:, and subsets
2834:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2764:
2763:Carlson models
2761:
2760:
2759:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2645:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2561:
2524:
2523:
2504:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2357:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2290:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2239:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2103:
2100:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1968:incompleteness
1944:
1923:, which means
1908:
1905:
1902:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1613:For any class
1532:We define Thm(
1530:
1529:
1518:
1506:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1425:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1322:is called the
1311:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1151:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1065:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
990:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
879:. Elements of
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
805:
802:
790:
789:
784:His theory of
782:
775:
762:
735:
732:
634:and graduated
616:Ancient Hebrew
592:Myer S. Kripke
583:
580:
551:W. V. O. Quine
537:'s concept of
504:
347:
346:
343:
342:
340:
339:
217:
216:
215:
213:
210:
207:
206:
172:
170:Main interests
169:
166:
165:
156:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
109:
105:
104:
94:
90:
89:
83:
81:(aged 81)
75:
71:
70:
64:
53:
49:
48:
46:Kripke in 2005
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11408:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11361:Set theorists
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11301:Kripke family
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11228:
11226:
11211:
11210:
11206:
11204:
11202:
11198:
11197:
11195:
11191:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11161:
11159:
11155:
11149:
11148:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11081:Anthony Kenny
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11025:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11008:David Edmonds
11006:
11005:
11003:
10999:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10977:Vienna Circle
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10942:David Pinsent
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10912:Rudolf Carnap
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10899:
10897:
10893:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10848:
10846:
10842:
10836:
10835:
10831:
10829:
10828:
10824:
10822:
10821:
10817:
10815:
10814:
10810:
10808:
10807:
10803:
10801:
10800:
10796:
10794:
10793:
10789:
10787:
10786:
10782:
10780:
10779:
10775:
10773:
10772:
10768:
10765:
10761:
10759:
10758:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10747:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10710:Language-game
10708:
10707:
10705:
10701:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10681:
10679:
10675:
10667:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10642:
10638:
10631:
10626:
10624:
10619:
10617:
10612:
10611:
10608:
10595:
10592:
10589:
10588:György Kurtåg
10586:
10583:
10580:
10577:
10576:Wayne Shorter
10574:
10571:
10568:
10565:
10562:
10559:
10556:
10553:
10550:
10547:
10544:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10526:
10523:
10522:György Ligeti
10520:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10511:
10507:
10500:
10497:
10494:
10491:
10488:
10487:Andrea Branzi
10485:
10482:
10481:Doris Salcedo
10479:
10476:
10472:
10469:
10466:
10465:Marlene Dumas
10463:
10460:
10457:
10454:
10450:
10449:Kazuyo Sejima
10446:
10443:
10440:
10437:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10425:
10422:
10419:
10416:
10413:
10410:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10400:
10393:
10392:Jonathan Pila
10390:
10387:
10384:
10381:
10378:
10375:
10372:
10369:
10366:
10363:
10360:
10357:
10354:
10351:
10348:
10345:
10342:
10339:
10336:
10333:
10332:Yuri I. Manin
10330:
10327:
10324:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10312:
10311:
10309:
10305:
10298:
10295:
10292:
10288:
10285:
10282:
10279:
10276:
10275:Ruth Millikan
10273:
10270:
10267:
10264:
10263:Hilary Putnam
10261:
10258:
10255:
10252:
10249:
10246:
10243:
10240:
10237:
10234:
10231:
10228:
10225:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10206:
10201:
10194:
10189:
10187:
10182:
10180:
10175:
10174:
10171:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10145:
10142:
10136:
10133:
10129:
10126:
10125:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10113:Scholasticism
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10074:
10065:
10064:
10060:
10055:
10054:
10050:
10045:
10044:
10040:
10035:
10034:
10030:
10025:
10024:
10020:
10015:
10014:
10010:
10005:
10004:
10000:
9995:
9994:
9990:
9984:
9980:
9975:
9974:
9970:
9965:
9964:
9960:
9955:
9954:
9950:
9945:
9944:
9940:
9935:
9934:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9923:
9917:
9916:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9781:
9779:
9775:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9753:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9728:Structuralism
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9653:Descriptivism
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9633:Contrastivism
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9620:
9618:
9616:
9612:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9363:
9359:
9355:
9350:
9346:
9339:
9334:
9332:
9327:
9325:
9320:
9319:
9316:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9282:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9237:
9235:
9231:
9225:
9224:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9162:Justification
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9101:
9097:
9095:
9093:
9089:
9088:
9086:
9084:
9080:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9038:Phenomenalism
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9028:NaĂŻve realism
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8978:Contextualism
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8961:
8957:
8951:
8950:
8946:
8944:
8943:Vienna Circle
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8878:Hilary Putnam
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8853:Robert Nozick
8851:
8849:
8848:John McDowell
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8808:Immanuel Kant
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8778:Alvin Goldman
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8706:
8702:
8698:
8691:
8686:
8684:
8679:
8677:
8672:
8671:
8668:
8656:
8646:
8644:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8600:Phenomenology
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8556:
8547:
8546:
8542:
8537:
8536:
8532:
8527:
8526:
8522:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8497:
8496:
8492:
8487:
8486:
8482:
8477:
8476:
8472:
8467:
8466:
8462:
8457:
8456:
8452:
8447:
8446:
8442:
8437:
8436:
8432:
8427:
8426:
8422:
8417:
8416:
8412:
8407:
8406:
8402:
8397:
8396:
8392:
8387:
8386:
8382:
8377:
8376:
8372:
8367:
8366:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:Notable works
8355:
8349:
8348:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7823:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7761:Phenomenalism
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7681:Action theory
7679:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7667:
7663:
7656:
7651:
7649:
7644:
7642:
7637:
7636:
7633:
7621:
7613:
7611:
7603:
7602:
7599:
7589:
7588:Alfred Tarski
7586:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7557:Peter Galison
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7510:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7484:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7460:
7456:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7444:Nathan Salmon
7442:
7440:
7439:Richard Rorty
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7409:Alonzo Church
7407:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7372:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7345:Ruth Millikan
7343:
7341:
7340:John McDowell
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7309:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7271:Hilary Putnam
7269:
7267:
7266:Robert Nozick
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7196:Rudolf Carnap
7194:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7188:Vienna Circle
7185:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7165:Berlin Circle
7162:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7139:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7072:Philippa Foot
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7019:Graham Priest
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6999:Charlie Broad
6997:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6947:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6910:Gottlob Frege
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6837:Supervenience
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6808:
6805:
6804:
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6798:
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6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
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6769:
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6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6736:Functionalism
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6721:Descriptivism
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6702:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6686:Philosophical
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6676:Non-classical
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6643:
6641:
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6553:
6552:
6549:
6543:May 26, 2010.
6542:
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6529:
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6513:
6510:
6507:
6505:May 21, 2008.
6504:
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6434:0-19-514529-1
6431:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6413:
6410:
6409:1-59102-215-0
6406:
6402:
6398:
6397:Nathan Salmon
6395:
6392:
6391:0-534-58366-0
6388:
6385:. Wadsworth.
6384:
6380:
6377:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6310:0-19-824107-0
6307:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6295:0-7735-2885-7
6292:
6288:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6258:Taylor Branch
6256:
6254:
6253:9781137400932
6250:
6246:
6242:
6239:
6235:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:0-8264-9262-2
6221:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6190:
6189:Express.co.uk
6186:
6179:
6171:
6158:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6135:Nathan Salmon
6132:
6127:
6119:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6095:
6086:
6079:
6073:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6030:
6022:
6018:
6017:Stephen Neale
6012:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5952:
5946:
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5925:
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5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
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5888:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5845:
5837:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5812:
5804:
5798:
5784:on 2018-01-08
5783:
5779:
5773:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5666:on 2022-01-19
5665:
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5542:
5535:
5529:
5522:
5516:
5509:(2): 255â282.
5508:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5481:
5474:
5470:
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5450:
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5380:
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5359:
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5352:
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5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5320:
5319:9780199928385
5316:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5304:9780199730155
5301:
5297:
5294:
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5290:0-674-95401-7
5287:
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5276:
5275:0-674-59845-8
5272:
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5222:
5208:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5167:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:Alfred Tarski
5141:
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5112:
5110:
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5048:
5037:
5034:
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5027:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006: â
5005:
5004:"Saul Kripke"
5001:
5000:Find sources:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4978:This article
4976:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4928:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4895:Quentin Smith
4891:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
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4857:
4853:
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4784:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:descriptivism
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
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4740:
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4725:
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4708:
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4097:
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4022:
3999:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3921:
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3797:
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3777:
3770:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3724: â
3723:
3713:
3710:and elements
3709:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3653: â€
3652:
3648:
3645: â
3644:
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3608:
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3327:
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3304:
3301:
3298:
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3292:
3285:
3270:
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3212:
3209:
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3196:
3180:
3177:
3174:
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3128:
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3110:
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3086:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3035:
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3026:
3023:
3012:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2987:
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2977:
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2955:
2949:
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2855:
2848:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2774:
2773:Carlson model
2770:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
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2603:
2590:
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2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:) such that:
2555:
2551:
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2536:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
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2368:
2365:
2358:
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2308:
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2237:
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2225:
2221:
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2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2039:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1977: â
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1818: â
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1710:
1706:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1659:is sound wrt
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1609:
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1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1504:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1426:
1423:
1420: â
1419:
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1400:
1397:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1351:
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1347:
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1336:
1334:
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1325:
1309:
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1297:
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1262:
1259:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1152:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
988:
964:
961:
958:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
847:
844:
841:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
801:
799:
795:
787:
783:
780:
776:
773:
769:
768:
763:
760:
756:
753:
752:
751:
745:
740:
731:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
712:. He won the
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
579:
577:
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:Gottlob Frege
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
511:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
452:, now called
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:professor at
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:
383:
353:
344:
338:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
308:
304:
301:
298:
297:
292:
287:
283:
278:
277:
270:
268:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
222:
221:
214:
211:Notable ideas
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
176:
173:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
145:
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138:
135:
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128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
86:
76:
72:
67:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
11207:
11201:Wittgenstein
11200:
11145:
11126:Barry Stroud
11101:Colin McGinn
11075:
11066:Peter Hacker
11056:Cora Diamond
11041:Gordon Baker
10972:Piero Sraffa
10832:
10825:
10818:
10811:
10804:
10797:
10792:On Certainty
10790:
10783:
10776:
10769:
10755:
10749:Publications
10730:Form of life
10689:Truth tables
10564:Andrew Manze
10558:Gidon Kremer
10528:Jorma Panula
10509:Musical arts
10499:Rem Koolhaas
10493:Francis AlĂżs
10471:Anne Lacaton
10409:Rafael Moneo
10368:Yitang Zhang
10320:Andrew Wiles
10297:David Kaplan
10269:Derek Parfit
10257:Thomas Nagel
10238:
10061:
10051:
10041:
10031:
10021:
10011:
10001:
9991:
9971:
9961:
9951:
9941:
9931:
9913:
9854:Metalanguage
9849:Logical form
9804:Truth-bearer
9763:Unilalianism
9673:Expressivism
9539:
9500:Wittgenstein
9445:von Humboldt
9362:Philosophers
9221:
9122:Common sense
9100:A posteriori
9099:
9091:
9053:Reductionism
8947:
8898:Gilbert Ryle
8822:
8768:Fred Dretske
8753:Keith DeRose
8697:Epistemology
8575:Epistemology
8543:
8533:
8523:
8513:
8503:
8493:
8483:
8473:
8463:
8453:
8443:
8433:
8423:
8413:
8403:
8393:
8385:NyÄya SĆ«tras
8383:
8373:
8363:
8345:
8330:
8261:Wittgenstein
8206:Schopenhauer
8085:
8076:Unobservable
7926:Intelligence
7856:
7796:Subjectivism
7791:Spiritualism
7706:Essentialism
7686:Anti-realism
7477:Cora Diamond
7433:
7393:Morton White
7261:Thomas Nagel
7206:Otto Neurath
7155:Ernest Nagel
7102:Gilbert Ryle
7097:Derek Parfit
7057:J. L. Austin
7004:Casimir Lewy
6973:Peter Singer
6968:J. L. Mackie
6940:Barry Stroud
6900:Noam Chomsky
6893:Philosophers
6827:Natural kind
6711:Anti-realism
6671:Mathematical
6645:Performative
6604:Epistemology
6425:
6422:Scott Soames
6400:
6382:
6375:
6361:
6339:
6336:Colin McGinn
6329:
6316:
6301:
6286:
6272:
6265:
6244:
6231:Saul Kripke.
6230:
6215:
6192:. Retrieved
6188:
6178:
6157:cite journal
6142:
6126:
6117:
6107:
6099:
6094:
6085:
6077:
6072:
6061:. Retrieved
6054:the original
6036:(2): 12â13.
6033:
6027:
6011:
6000:. Retrieved
5996:the original
5975:
5971:
5961:
5950:
5945:
5937:
5932:
5902:(1): 14â24.
5899:
5893:
5887:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5830:
5821:
5811:
5797:
5786:. Retrieved
5782:the original
5772:
5760:. Retrieved
5756:
5747:
5735:. Retrieved
5731:
5722:
5711:. Retrieved
5707:
5698:
5689:
5679:
5668:. Retrieved
5664:the original
5654:
5646:
5642:
5631:. Retrieved
5625:
5615:
5596:
5590:
5578:
5567:
5559:
5550:
5541:
5533:
5528:
5520:
5515:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5483:
5473:
5455:
5452:Barry Kripke
5395:Schock Prize
5343:(1963â1966).
5308:
5295:
5279:
5264:
5247:
5240:
5230:
5227:liar paradox
5223:
5164:
5137:
5128:Martin Kusch
5124:Colin McGinn
5120:Peter Hacker
5116:Gordon Baker
5113:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5078:
5075:Wittgenstein
5068:
5066:
5051:
5042:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
4999:
4987:Please help
4982:verification
4979:
4961:Wittgenstein
4953:
4949:
4945:
4937:
4932:truth values
4926:
4924:
4916:
4912:a posteriori
4911:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4856:a posteriori
4855:
4845:
4841:a posteriori
4840:
4836:
4833:a posteriori
4832:
4828:
4798:
4796:
4772:
4756:Wittgenstein
4737:
4735:
4728:
4711:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4682:
3960:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3534:is a triple
3531:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3194:
3112:
3013:is a triple
3010:
3008:
3001:
2992:hyperfiction
2988:
2984:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2772:
2766:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:Zorn's lemma
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2143:modus ponens
2138:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2057:
2053:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1826:as follows:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1704:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:derivability
1607:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1421:
1417:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1251:
1003:
910:is a triple
908:Kripke model
907:
905:
901:transitivity
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
864:
828:
825:Kripke frame
824:
822:
807:
791:
779:Wittgenstein
765:
749:
725:
718:
714:Schock Prize
683:
668:
661:
635:
585:
565:
562:Kripkenstein
560:, known as "
555:
523:descriptions
508:
496:a posteriori
494:
484:
469:essentialism
462:
458:Schock Prize
439:
431:epistemology
411:mathematical
351:
350:
332:Kripkenstein
309:
296:a posteriori
294:
291:Non-analytic
276:a posteriori
275:
267:A posteriori
266:
196:Epistemology
155:Institutions
79:(2022-09-15)
11236:2022 deaths
11231:1940 births
11141:Fergus Kerr
11121:Rupert Read
11076:Saul Kripke
11051:Alice Crary
11001:Biographers
10987:Peter Winch
10937:G. E. Moore
10927:Peter Geach
10459:Mona Hatoum
10402:Visual arts
10307:Mathematics
10287:Dag Prawitz
10239:Saul Kripke
10098:Linguistics
10063:Limited Inc
9983:On Denoting
9809:Proposition
9460:de Saussure
9425:Ibn Khaldun
9202:Proposition
9172:Objectivity
9058:Reliabilism
9048:Rationalism
8993:Fallibilism
8968:Coherentism
8913:Ernest Sosa
8888:Thomas Reid
8873:James Pryor
8843:G. E. Moore
8833:David Lewis
8823:Saul Kripke
8818:Peter Klein
8798:Susan Haack
8728:Robert Audi
8405:Metaphysics
8389:(c. 200 BC)
8379:(c. 350 BC)
8369:(c. 350 BC)
8256:Collingwood
8161:Malebranche
7909:Information
7837:Anima mundi
7816:Type theory
7771:Physicalism
7736:Materialism
7691:Determinism
7662:Metaphysics
7576:Lwow-Warsaw
7562:Ian Hacking
7529:Karl Popper
7524:Thomas Kuhn
7472:Alice Crary
7434:Saul Kripke
7429:Jaegwon Kim
7424:David Lewis
7414:Jerry Fodor
7383:Susan Haack
7297:Robert Audi
7107:John Searle
7077:Peter Geach
7067:Antony Flew
7014:G. E. Moore
6935:Ernest Sosa
6865:Possibility
6614:Mathematics
6599:Metaphysics
6469:Saul Kripke
6287:Saul Kripke
6216:Saul Kripke
5857:(1): 1â14.
5333:(1962â1963)
5045:August 2017
4941:coreferring
4760:John Searle
3749:) holds in
3528:first-order
3197:condition),
3195:persistency
2565:first-order
2550:undecidable
2418:, as every
1637:corresponds
1604:consequence
883:are called
829:modal frame
810:modal logic
804:Modal logic
658:Eric Kripke
628:modal logic
620:Shakespeare
475:, claiming
465:metaphysics
427:metaphysics
423:mathematics
415:modal logic
391:philosopher
188:Metaphysics
34:Saul Kripke
11225:Categories
11036:A. J. Ayer
10952:Rush Rhees
10703:Later work
10677:Early work
10326:Mikio Sato
10233:John Rawls
10227:Dana Scott
10158:Discussion
10153:Task Force
10103:Pragmatics
9894:Speech act
9824:Categories
9738:Symbiosism
9693:Nominalism
9605:Watzlawick
9485:Bloomfield
9405:Chrysippus
9303:Discussion
9293:Task Force
9212:Simplicity
9192:Perception
9068:Skepticism
9043:Positivism
9018:Infinitism
8983:Empiricism
8838:John Locke
8803:David Hume
8793:Anil Gupta
8788:Paul Grice
8763:John Dewey
8733:A. J. Ayer
8465:Monadology
8399:(c. 80 BC)
8106:Parmenides
7991:Perception
7889:Experience
7776:Relativism
7751:Naturalism
7701:Enactivism
7552:John Dupré
7419:Kurt Gödel
7375:Pragmatism
7290:Notre Dame
7281:John Rawls
7150:A. J. Ayer
7087:R. M. Hare
7082:Paul Grice
6994:Arif Ahmed
6781:Sense data
6766:Pragmatism
6640:Linguistic
6348:0631137645
6212:Arif Ahmed
6194:2022-01-23
6063:2009-11-13
6002:2007-05-28
5956:pp. 146â9.
5788:2018-01-07
5713:2024-06-15
5670:2019-08-18
5633:2008-01-23
5465:References
5015:newspapers
4813:Phosphorus
4699:the value
4596:and every
4470:such that
2582:directly.
2567:definable,
2518:satisfies
2135:consistent
1606:relation (
1600:entailment
1340:A formula
1328:evaluation
1282:satisfies
831:is a pair
572:skepticism
564:", in his
483:notion of
307:Contingent
192:Set theory
58:1940-11-13
11027:Secondary
10844:Movements
10202:laureates
10135:Semiotics
10123:Semantics
9973:Alciphron
9909:Statement
9844:Intension
9784:Ambiguity
9663:Dramatism
9643:Cratylism
9395:Eubulides
9390:Aristotle
9370:Confucius
9167:Knowledge
9152:Induction
9102:knowledge
9094:knowledge
8625:Teleology
8590:Mereology
8570:Cosmology
8429:(c. 1000)
8326:Plantinga
8316:Armstrong
8266:Heidegger
8241:Whitehead
8226:Nietzsche
8146:Descartes
8116:Aristotle
8071:Universal
8001:Principle
7971:Necessity
7931:Intention
7884:Existence
7847:Causality
7786:Solipsism
7716:Free will
7402:Princeton
7201:Hans Hahn
6987:Cambridge
6860:Necessity
6855:Actualism
6726:Emotivism
6691:Predicate
6661:Classical
6383:On Kripke
5924:120461106
5179:induction
4768:Aristotle
4727:Cover of
4658:→
4640:⊩
4607:∈
4581:≥
4539:∀
4533:⊩
4499:→
4481:⊩
4448:∈
4406:∃
4400:⊩
4366:⊥
4363:⊩
4325:⊩
4290:⊩
4264:≥
4226:→
4217:⊩
4180:⊩
4145:⊩
4107:∨
4098:⊩
4061:⊩
4026:⊩
3988:∧
3979:⊩
3959:holds in
3922:…
3849:…
3827:⊩
3789:⊩
3702:for each
3618:⟩
3615:≤
3606:⟨
3586:⟩
3578:∈
3551:≤
3542:⟨
3498:⊥
3495:⊩
3466:⊩
3440:⊩
3414:≥
3388:→
3382:⊩
3354:⊩
3328:⊩
3302:∨
3296:⊩
3268:⊩
3242:⊩
3216:∧
3210:⊩
3178:⊩
3152:⊩
3126:≤
3095:⊩
3071:⟩
3068:≤
3059:⟨
3039:⟩
3036:⊩
3030:≤
3021:⟨
2947:⊩
2941:⇒
2913:∈
2907:∀
2878:◻
2874:⊩
2833:⟩
2830:⊩
2819:∈
2783:⟨
2738:⊩
2732:⇒
2704:∀
2675:◻
2671:⊩
2649:for each
2620:∈
2613:∣
2604:◻
2535:Goldblatt
2486:canonical
2395:∈
2369:⊩
2341:∈
2315:∈
2309:◻
2238:⊩
2202:⟩
2199:⊩
2184:⟨
2083:◻
2080:◻
2077:→
2071:◻
2062:tautology
2037:◻
2034:→
2025:◻
2022:≡
2013:◻
1943:⊩
1904:⊩
1878:◻
1875:⊩
1837:⊩
1783:⊩
1757:◻
1754:⊩
1731:⟩
1719:⟨
1709:reflexive
1688:→
1682:◻
1505:⊩
1485:⟩
1482:⊩
1467:⟨
1447:⟩
1435:⟨
1401:⊩
1378:⟩
1375:⊩
1360:⟨
1310:⊩
1263:⊩
1230:⊩
1189:∀
1166:◻
1163:⊩
1135:⊩
1109:⊮
1083:→
1077:⊩
1049:⊮
1023:¬
1020:⊩
989:⊩
968:⟩
956:⟨
936:⟩
933:⊩
918:⟨
851:⟩
839:⟨
624:Descartes
533:found in
481:epistemic
477:necessity
446:semantics
300:necessary
279:judgments
274:analytic
269:necessity
93:Education
11013:Ray Monk
10886:Quietism
10148:Category
10108:Rhetoric
9933:Cratylus
9904:Sentence
9879:Property
9799:Language
9777:Concepts
9615:Theories
9580:Strawson
9565:Davidson
9555:Hintikka
9550:Anscombe
9495:Vygotsky
9450:Mauthner
9420:Averroes
9410:Zhuangzi
9400:Diodorus
9380:Cratylus
9288:Category
9107:Analysis
9092:A priori
9083:Concepts
9023:Innatism
8960:Theories
8643:Category
8565:Axiology
8419:(c.â270)
8347:more ...
8301:Anscombe
8296:Strawson
8291:Davidson
8186:Berkeley
8126:Plotinus
8087:more ...
8026:Relation
8006:Property
7981:Ontology
7904:Identity
7825:Concepts
7756:Nihilism
7721:Idealism
7669:Theories
7610:Category
7486:Reformed
7459:Quietism
6847:Modality
6807:Analysis
6800:Concepts
6771:Quietism
6731:Feminism
6704:Theories
6609:Language
6512:Archived
6499:Archived
6450:Archived
6424:(2002),
6399:(1981),
6338:(1984),
6214:(2007),
6050:44151212
5992:44151212
5972:Synthese
5879:44300271
5762:13 March
5737:13 March
5499:A Priori
5420:See also
5415:(2005â).
5411:Fellow,
5364:(1985â).
5357:(1978â).
5353:Fellow,
5252:Stanford
4860:C-fibers
4837:a priori
4829:a priori
4809:Hesperus
4314:implies
3598:, where
3455:implies
3051:, where
2214:, where
1674: :
1581:complete
1520:a class
1427:a frame
1416:for all
1352:a model
1335:relation
1252:We read
1219:implies
948:, where
863:, where
692:(1997),
663:The Boys
604:Madeline
600:Nebraska
486:a priori
403:emeritus
395:logician
388:analytic
311:a priori
227:Work on
149:Analytic
18:Kripkean
11157:Related
11029:sources
10895:Friends
9915:more...
9819:Concept
9560:Dummett
9535:Gadamer
9530:Chomsky
9515:Derrida
9505:Russell
9490:Bergson
9475:Tillich
9435:Leibniz
9375:Gorgias
9223:more...
9003:Fideism
8949:more...
8415:Enneads
8409:(c. 50)
8375:Timaeus
8365:Sophist
8311:Dummett
8306:Deleuze
8246:Russell
8236:Bergson
8231:Meinong
8211:Bolzano
8171:Leibniz
8151:Spinoza
8136:Aquinas
8121:Proclus
8051:Thought
8041:Subject
8021:Reality
8016:Quality
7986:Pattern
7946:Meaning
7921:Insight
7879:Essence
7864:Concept
7766:Realism
7731:Liberty
7696:Dualism
7512:Science
7229:Harvard
6875:Realism
6751:Marxism
6666:Deviant
6635:Aretaic
6619:Science
6471:at the
5916:0852465
5871:2964568
5704:"x.com"
5480:"Names"
5408:, 2005.
5401:, 2001.
5381:, 1997.
5371:, 1988.
5350:, 1977.
5157:at the
5029:scholar
4950:Londres
4850:in the
4752:Russell
3167:, then
2528:compact
2434:, each
1998:. Then
1893:, thus
1864:. Then
1772:, then
1621:) is a
1333:forcing
1298:forces
1294:", or "
612:prodigy
576:meaning
11203:(film)
10820:Zettel
10644:Family
10596:(2022)
10590:(2020)
10584:(2018)
10578:(2017)
10572:(2014)
10566:(2011)
10560:(2008)
10554:(2005)
10548:(2003)
10542:(2001)
10536:(1999)
10530:(1997)
10524:(1995)
10518:(1993)
10501:(2022)
10495:(2020)
10489:(2018)
10483:(2017)
10477:(2014)
10467:(2011)
10461:(2008)
10455:(2005)
10441:(2003)
10435:(2001)
10429:(1999)
10423:(1997)
10417:(1995)
10411:(1993)
10394:(2022)
10388:(2020)
10382:(2018)
10376:(2017)
10370:(2014)
10364:(2011)
10358:(2008)
10352:(2005)
10346:(2003)
10340:(2001)
10334:(1999)
10328:(1997)
10322:(1995)
10316:(1993)
10299:(2022)
10293:(2020)
10283:(2018)
10277:(2017)
10271:(2014)
10265:(2011)
10259:(2008)
10253:(2005)
10247:(2003)
10241:(2001)
10235:(1999)
10229:(1997)
10223:(1995)
10217:(1993)
10067:(1988)
10057:(1982)
10047:(1980)
10037:(1967)
10027:(1953)
10017:(1951)
10007:(1936)
9997:(1921)
9987:(1905)
9977:(1732)
9967:(1668)
9957:(1666)
9947:(1660)
9937:(n.d.)
9899:Symbol
9600:Searle
9590:Putnam
9540:Kripke
9525:Austin
9510:Carnap
9455:RicĆur
9440:Herder
9430:Hobbes
9117:Belief
9013:Holism
8549:(1981)
8539:(1943)
8529:(1927)
8519:(1846)
8509:(1818)
8499:(1807)
8489:(1783)
8479:(1781)
8469:(1714)
8459:(1710)
8449:(1677)
8445:Ethics
8439:(1641)
8341:Parfit
8331:Kripke
8321:Putnam
8281:Sartre
8271:Carnap
8221:Peirce
8166:Newton
8141:SuĂĄrez
8131:Scotus
8011:Qualia
7976:Object
7966:Nature
7961:Motion
7941:Matter
7874:Entity
7746:Monism
7044:Oxford
6432:
6414:
6407:
6389:
6368:
6353:
6346:
6322:
6308:
6293:
6278:
6251:
6236:
6222:
6057:(.PDF)
6048:
5990:
5922:
5914:
5877:
5869:
5603:
5317:
5302:
5288:
5273:
5250:, the
5229:, the
5122:, and
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5002:
4876:Oxford
4817:Cicero
4758:, and
3141:, and
2141:, and
1931:
1927:
1860:
1856:
1806:
1802:
1798:since
1711:frame
891:, and
889:worlds
574:about
433:, and
303:truths
144:School
133:Region
108:Awards
87:, U.S.
68:, U.S.
10445:SANAA
9925:Works
9834:Class
9595:Lewis
9585:Quine
9570:Grice
9520:Whorf
9480:Sapir
9465:Frege
9415:Xunzi
9385:Plato
9298:Stubs
9217:Truth
8863:Plato
8595:Meta-
8336:Lewis
8286:Quine
8251:Moore
8216:Lotze
8201:Hegel
8176:Wolff
8156:Locke
8111:Plato
8081:Value
8061:Truth
7620:Index
6654:Logic
6628:Turns
6046:S2CID
6024:(PDF)
5988:S2CID
5920:S2CID
5875:S2CID
5867:JSTOR
5259:Works
5155:Gödel
5140:truth
5134:Truth
5036:JSTOR
5022:books
4954:jolie
4821:Tully
4792:Nixon
4748:Frege
4683:Here
3742:,...,
3731:: if
3717:,...,
3526:be a
3083:is a
2471:frame
2430:. By
2330:then
2301:, if
1743:: if
1643:, if
1567:, if
1561:sound
1390:, if
1346:valid
1330:, or
885:nodes
871:is a
786:truth
596:Omaha
539:sense
515:names
501:water
442:logic
258:Rigid
179:modal
175:Logic
11193:Film
9884:Sign
9789:Cant
9575:Ryle
9545:Ayer
9470:Boas
8276:Ryle
8196:Kant
8191:Hume
8181:Reid
8056:Time
8036:Soul
8031:Self
7956:Mind
7914:Data
7899:Idea
6430:ISBN
6412:ISBN
6405:ISBN
6387:ISBN
6366:ISBN
6351:ISBN
6344:ISBN
6320:ISBN
6306:ISBN
6291:ISBN
6276:ISBN
6249:ISBN
6234:ISBN
6220:ISBN
6170:help
5764:2023
5739:2023
5601:ISBN
5315:ISBN
5300:ISBN
5286:ISBN
5271:ISBN
5008:news
4831:and
4815:", "
4352:not
4050:and
3685:and
3522:Let
3484:not
3257:and
2771:. A
2543:K4.1
2539:S4.1
2230:and
2168:The
2149:(an
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