27:
543:
671:, the same as the hornlike protrusions at the ends of the ridgepole of a house. The kudyapi was only played by men, mainly to accompany their own love songs. The female equivalent was the korlong , a kind of zither made of a single node of bamboo with strings cut from the skin of the bamboo itself, each raised and tuned on two little bridges, and played with both hands like a harp. A variant form had a row of thinner canes with a string cut from each one. – William Henry Scott
728:, S.J., who were both in the Philippines during the first half of 17th century, echoed the same thing in their writings when describing the instrument and its use by Tagalogs, but unlike the first two, Colin only mentioned the instrument having "two or more strings", not explicitly four. The instrument's spelling has varied among the different dictionaries and records made by Spaniards, with Chirino originally using the term
716:, is not very ingenious, nor the music very refined, it is quite pleasing, and especially to them. They play it with so much skill and ardor that they make its four wire strings speak. It is a generally accepted fact over there that by merely playing them, without saying a word, they can express and understand whatever they please, which is something that cannot be said of any other nation. The Bisayans are more artless...
2251:
613:
player and vocalist are separate performers, and vocalists use a free-flowing method of singing on top of the rhythm of the instrument, whereas among the
Maguindanao and Maranao, there are set rhythms are phrases connected with the melody of the kutiyapi, with the player doubling as the vocalist
1082:
711:
They are punctiliously courteous and affectionate in social intercourse and are fond of writing to one another with the utmost propriety and most delicate refinement. Consequently they are much given to serenading. And although their guitar, which they call
638:
The kudyapi was a kind of small lute carved out of a single piece of wood with a belly of a half a coconut shell added for resonance, with two or three wire strings plucked with a quill plectrum, and three or four frets, often of metal. The body was called
1274:
1024:
759:
1708:
1328:
1743:
885:
1797:
721:
270:
For the
Palawano, it is possible to arrange the beeswax frets into different patterns resulting in two different scales for the instrument. These are the
1267:
725:
1126:
855:
970:
1812:
1679:
915:
1300:
1260:
1659:
783:
It was never known when did the instrument finally faded into history, as most dictionaries until the 20th century still has entries of
2288:
1568:
407:
scales used by the
Maguindanao), and in contrast to Maguindanao pieces, the kutiyapi is also used as an accompanying instrument to
1032:
2293:
2273:
1524:
475:
368:
1674:
1556:
1718:
1470:
1441:
1119:
426:
The
Kudyapi (kotyapi) has also been as one of the instruments in several older light ensembles, including that of the
2298:
2238:
1062:
1612:
893:
609:
and the non-Islamized Lumad equivalents is the style and set up of vocal accompaniment. Among the Lumad groups, the
1807:
1602:
1617:
1607:
1546:
1514:
1112:
737:
1940:
1315:
1141:
707:. Unlike its southern counterparts, the Tagalog kutyapi was a four-stringed instrument. According to Chirino:
92:
or rattan pluck (commonly made from plastic nowadays). This feature, which is also common to other related
2283:
1738:
1504:
1481:
1353:
1305:
527:
generally sets well known musicians from both genders against each other in verbal jest and competition.
26:
863:
530:
With the advent of globalization, the importance of the kutiyapi has waned as artists have taken up the
2228:
1684:
1551:
1519:
1488:
1476:
978:
834:
1104:
1907:
1802:
1663:
923:
751:
2117:
1402:
1387:
2091:
1713:
1647:
1409:
1295:
971:"Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan – 1993 Awardee – MASINO INTARAY and the Basal and Kulilal Ensemble"
2254:
1882:
1252:
1622:
88:
is played with one string while the other, an octave above the drone, plays the melody with a
2278:
1824:
1733:
343:
affixed to its name is one that imitates the style of the kulintang instrument, of which the
803:
and the
Crocodile lutes of Mainland Southeast Asia. Although they share a similar name, the
599:) is also used as a bowed instrument and is generally played to accompany improvised songs.
2233:
2137:
1509:
1343:
1825:
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former
President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian
499:
is a performed in front of an audience using an improvisational vocal style based on both
495:
Among both the
Maguindanao and Maranao, a much more recent informal styles are also used.
8:
1392:
519:
scales, that is used during weddings, election campaigns, religious celebrations such as
2051:
1933:
1573:
1358:
1324:
1201:
772:
542:
31:
856:"Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan – 1993 Awardee – SAMAON SULAIMAN and the Kutyapi Artist"
1902:
1852:
1832:
1397:
1363:
1348:
1058:
829:
796:
553:
1749:
Biag ni Lam-ang
Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
2207:
1887:
1771:
1563:
1196:
1191:
808:
692:
634:
and other musical instruments are or were found in other parts of the
Philippines.
165:
155:
354:
The
Kutiyapi may or may not be accompanied by one of several types of flutes; the
2202:
1877:
1857:
1847:
1792:
1748:
1722:
1627:
1216:
195:
93:
630:
has been found among groups such as the Bisayans whose prevalence just like the
2192:
1897:
1652:
1382:
684:
100:
945:
691:, a stringed instrument was historically used by Tagalogs as mentioned in the
2267:
1991:
1926:
1872:
1862:
1817:
1739:
Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
1434:
1377:
1367:
696:
85:
2147:
1867:
1753:
763:
286:, a lower pentatonic scale used for teaching pieces of an abstract mature.
1628:
Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka
96:"boat lutes", also known as "crocodile lutes", are native to the region.
1892:
1667:
1310:
1000:
603:
520:
135:
19:
This article is about the Philippine lute. For the Sundanese zither, see
452:(a drum now rarely used among the Maranao in favor of the single-headed
324:
scale pieces include several archaic compositions now not played on the
73:. The instrument is carved out of solid soft wood such as that from the
1842:
1429:
1371:
1134:
1025:"5 Traditional Musical Instruments of the Philippines You Should Learn"
508:
465:
205:
58:
1837:
1338:
1333:
1163:
1153:
564:
457:
435:
325:
279:
181:
74:
2041:
2122:
2076:
1763:
1754:
Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
1597:
1589:
1462:
1226:
1168:
557:
356:
249:
191:
1660:
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
2197:
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2157:
2142:
2061:
2056:
2016:
1758:
1231:
1211:
1173:
886:"Indigenous Music – Tuklas Sining: Essays on the Philippine Arts"
800:
453:
448:
431:
374:
259:
241:
237:
145:
104:
70:
2212:
1282:
1084:
Boat Lutes in the Visayas and Luzon – Traces of a Lost Tradition
463:
Another archaic ensemble where the kotyapi was included was the
294:, several tiers of difficulty revolve around main compositions:
122:
In various Philippine languages, the instrument is also called:
2182:
2152:
2101:
2086:
2046:
2006:
1493:
1446:
1236:
1206:
1057:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 108.
804:
588:
568:
531:
470:
443:
439:
362:
245:
233:
108:
20:
1759:
Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana
587:) is tuned to a major pentatonic scale. Among groups like the
469:, or courtship ensemble, in which the kotyapi was used with a
347:; a piece that embellishes the main melody of the kulintang's
2132:
2127:
2096:
2081:
2071:
2066:
2021:
2011:
1975:
1499:
1221:
1158:
1005:
PnoyAndTheCity: A center for Kulintang – A home for Pasikings
795:
Similar instruments played throughout the region include the
572:
546:
438:
ensembles). This ensemble pairs the kotyapi with a jaw harp (
275:
1744:
Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta
2036:
2001:
1996:
1970:
1949:
824:
812:
66:
62:
38:
1055:
Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society
460:, in accompaniment to the bamboo poles used in the dance.
2031:
1734:
Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts
1918:
1729:
Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music
1329:
Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
683:
While kutyapi was already a forgotten instrument among
790:
378:. Singing is usually reserved for courtship purposes.
430:
ensemble, the original musical accompaniment to the
103:, and one of several among other groups such as the
1135:
Traditional instruments of the Southern Philippines
278:and accompanying style used to imitate that of the
975:National Commission For Culture and the Arts. 2002
860:National Commission For Culture and the Arts. 2002
758:compared the instrument to both viola and guitar.
1608:Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language
1283:India-related topics in Philippines articles
434:dance (now rarely used in favour of conventional
2265:
687:, with traces only remaining in folk songs like
1680:Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
1623:Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language
1613:Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language
1001:"Traditional Music of the Southern Philippines"
913:
446:, a pair of small double-headed drums known as
381:
1843:Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014)
1603:Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages
602:A characteristic difference between Mindanaon
1934:
1833:Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008)
1301:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
1268:
1120:
99:It is the only stringed instrument among the
1709:Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines
1618:Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language
920:National Commission For Culture and the Arts
1473:had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
1941:
1927:
1908:Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist)
1275:
1261:
1127:
1113:
391:Among the Maranao, pieces played by using
16:Philippine two-stringed, fretted boat-lute
1719:National Assembly of the Philippines Hall
1569:Visa requirements for Philippine citizens
1829:Dang Cecilio (Binibining Pilipinas 1979)
1813:Foreign citizens residing in Philippines
1080:
998:
943:
541:
490:
274:, a higher pitched scale similar to the
65:. It is four to six feet long with nine
25:
1714:Filipino pre-colonial styles and titles
1525:Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple, Iloilo
968:
853:
2266:
1076:
1074:
950:Music instruments from the Philippines
1922:
1838:Venus Raj (Binibining Pilipinas 2010)
1675:Business process outsourcing to India
1557:Visa requirements for Indian citizens
1447:Cainta historic settlement of Indians
1256:
1108:
1052:
720:Subsequent records by Spanish friars
537:
2250:
1766:(fingernail dance of Sulu and Sabah)
1655:from Haryana imported to Philippine
1471:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
1442:Indian settlement in the Philippines
883:
479:flute, a two-stringed bamboo zither
1071:
999:Mercurio, Philip Dominguez (2006).
791:Similar Southeast Asian instruments
13:
1903:Dr. Juan R. Francisco (Indologist)
1598:Indianized ancient Filipino script
675:
411:or epic chants. Examples of older
14:
2310:
914:Canave-Dioquino, Corazon (2006).
621:
575:groups, the instrument (known as
117:
2289:Culture of Maguindanao del Norte
2249:
1808:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
892:. Tatak Pilipino. Archived from
742:where it is variably written as
314:being the most straightforward,
1515:Deities of Philippine mythology
1306:Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
969:de Leon, Felipe M. Jr. (2006).
854:de Leon, Felipe M. Jr. (2006).
739:Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala
701:Relacion de las Islas Filipinas
523:or other large gatherings. The
2294:Culture of Maguindanao del Sur
2274:Philippine musical instruments
1848:Ramon Bagatsing (Manila mayor)
1803:Indian surnames in Philippines
1798:List of Filipino-Indian people
1316:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1046:
1017:
992:
962:
937:
916:"Philippine Music Instruments"
907:
877:
847:
1:
1053:Scott, William Henry (1994).
840:
815:is a zither, and not a lute.
265:
428:kasayao-sa-singkil/kasingkil
382:Among the Bangsamoro peoples
318:being the most-challenging.
7:
1898:José W. Diokno (politician)
1725:behind the president's seat
1547:India–Philippines relations
1505:Hinduism in the Philippines
1482:Buddhism in the Philippines
1354:Maynila (historical entity)
818:
511:) genres, played in either
399:scales (equivalents of the
61:two-stringed, fretted boat-
10:
2315:
1888:Sharmaine Arnaiz (actress)
1878:Melanie Marquez (director)
1552:Tourism in the Philippines
1520:Philippine folk literature
1489:Hinduism in Southeast Asia
1477:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
835:List of string instruments
534:instead, as it is louder.
503:(traditional lullaby) and
386:
18:
2247:
2221:
2175:
2110:
1984:
1963:
1956:
1858:Cassandra Ponti (actress)
1853:Raymond Bagatsing (actor)
1784:
1764:Pangalay or Daling Daling
1704:
1697:
1664:Philippine Carabao Center
1643:
1636:
1588:
1542:
1535:
1461:
1425:
1418:
1288:
1182:
1140:
1097:– via ResearchGate.
884:Hila, Antonio C. (2006).
780:(rabel of the natives)".
752:Pedro de San Buenaventura
345:Sinulog a kinukulintangan
2299:Culture of Lanao del Sur
1948:
1723:ancient Hindu saint Manu
1403:Tondo (Historical State)
1388:Sultanate of Maguindanao
944:de Jager, Fekke (2006).
760:Francisco de San Antonio
724:, S.J. (1590–1648), and
663:. The scroll was called
552:(right) during the 2016
84:instruments, a constant
1873:Gardo Versoza (actress)
1863:Chanda Romero (actress)
1648:Maritime Southeast Asia
1410:Battle of Manila (1762)
1296:Maritime Southeast Asia
1081:Brandeis, Hans (2012).
766:, in 1624 also equated
703:(1604) which is called
659:; and the tuning pegs,
351:, is the most popular.
1868:Dawn Zulueta (actress)
778:Rabel de los naturales
718:
673:
560:
328:, and of these pieces
42:
1893:Zia Marquez (actress)
1183:Other (non-ensemble)
1143:Maguindanao kulintang
890:Filipino Heritage.com
736:, and finally in the
709:
636:
545:
491:Dayunday performances
349:Sinulog a kangungudan
29:
1510:Philippine mythology
1344:Kedatuan of Madja-as
507:(epic chant sung in
2176:Related instruments
1393:Sultanate of Buayan
1327:in Philippines and
483:, and a brass-tray
332:(cock crowing) and
2284:String instruments
1721:has the statue of
1574:Filipinos in India
1359:Kingdom of Namayan
1325:Indianized kingdom
1202:Kulintang a tiniok
722:Diego de Bobadilla
561:
538:Among Lumad groups
43:
2261:
2260:
2171:
2170:
1916:
1915:
1780:
1779:
1693:
1692:
1584:
1583:
1457:
1456:
1398:Sultanate of Sulu
1364:Rajahnate of Cebu
1349:Kingdom of Butuan
1250:
1249:
1029:Pinoy-Culture.com
830:String instrument
732:, de Bobadilla's
689:Sa Libis ng Nayon
655:; the fretboard,
554:Kaamulan Festival
341:a kinukulintangan
69:made of hardened
2306:
2253:
2252:
2208:Guitarra morisca
1961:
1960:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1702:
1701:
1685:Indian Companies
1641:
1640:
1564:Tourism in India
1540:
1539:
1423:
1422:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1197:Gandingan a Kayo
1192:Kulintang a kayo
1129:
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1115:
1106:
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1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
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1078:
1069:
1068:
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1044:
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1040:
1031:. Archived from
1021:
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989:
987:
986:
977:. Archived from
966:
960:
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941:
935:
934:
932:
931:
922:. Archived from
911:
905:
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872:
871:
862:. Archived from
851:
2314:
2313:
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2307:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2243:
2217:
2203:Guitarra latina
2167:
2106:
1980:
1957:Types by region
1952:
1947:
1917:
1912:
1793:Indian Filipino
1776:
1689:
1632:
1580:
1531:
1453:
1414:
1284:
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1251:
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1217:Agung a tamlang
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899:
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882:
878:
869:
867:
852:
848:
843:
821:
793:
785:coryapi/codyapi
726:Francisco Colin
681:
651:; the strings,
624:
618:), if need be.
540:
493:
456:) and a single
415:pieces include
389:
384:
339:Any piece with
289:
268:
120:
114:
101:Palawano people
94:Southeast Asian
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2200:
2195:
2193:English guitar
2190:
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1653:Murrah buffalo
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1383:Rajah Sulayman
1380:
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1045:
1016:
991:
961:
936:
906:
876:
845:
844:
842:
839:
838:
837:
832:
827:
820:
817:
792:
789:
680:
674:
623:
622:In the Visayas
620:
539:
536:
501:sangel sa wata
492:
489:
388:
385:
383:
380:
336:are included.
267:
264:
119:
118:Regional names
116:
80:Common to all
15:
9:
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1064:971-550-135-4
1060:
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981:on 2006-07-16
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2279:Necked lutes
2222:Other topics
2148:Swedish lute
2026:
1728:
1241:
1142:
1091:. Retrieved
1083:
1054:
1048:
1037:. Retrieved
1033:the original
1028:
1019:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:
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979:the original
974:
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949:
939:
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924:the original
919:
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894:the original
889:
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868:. Retrieved
864:the original
859:
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771:
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764:Pila, Laguna
762:who came to
755:
747:
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481:serongagandi
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136:Maguindanaon
130:
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98:
89:
81:
79:
53:
52:
47:
46:
44:
34:
1883:Pepe Diokno
1668:Nueva Ecija
1311:Golden Tara
1185:instruments
776:, writing "
756:Vocabulario
661:birik-birik
417:Kangganatan
330:Malapankuno
32:Maguindanao
2268:Categories
1430:Indosphere
1372:Singhapala
1039:2016-03-12
1010:2006-06-07
985:2006-06-12
955:2006-06-12
930:2006-06-12
900:2006-06-12
870:2006-06-12
841:References
649:burubunkun
571:and other
563:Among the
509:a cappella
466:Kapanirong
334:Mapalendad
282:, and the
266:In Palawan
59:Philippine
2229:Composers
2118:Angélique
1419:Geography
1339:Majapahit
1334:Srivijaya
1164:Gandingan
1154:Kulintang
946:"Kudyapi"
665:apil-apil
645:burbuwaya
517:dinaladay
458:kulintang
449:gandangan
436:kulintang
405:dinaladay
326:kulintang
292:dinaladay
284:dinaladay
280:kulintang
75:jackfruit
2123:Archlute
2077:Shamisen
2027:Kutiyapi
1590:Language
1536:Politics
1463:Religion
1242:Kutiyapi
1227:Palendag
1169:Babendil
1146:ensemble
1093:20 April
819:See also
685:Tagalogs
676:Tagalog
607:kutiyapi
593:kutiyapi
577:hegelung
558:Bukidnon
525:dayunday
497:Dayunday
473:, small
454:dadabuan
357:palendag
312:Patentek
300:Patundug
296:Patentek
250:Mindanao
201:hegelong
196:Tagbanwa
192:Bukidnon
161:fegereng
48:kutiyapi
37:bearing
35:kutiyapi
2255:Commons
2239:Players
2198:Gittern
2188:Cittern
2163:Vihuela
2158:Theorbo
2143:Mandora
2138:Mandore
2062:Sanxian
2057:Sanshin
2017:Dramyin
1789:People
1772:Cuisine
1698:Culture
1637:Economy
1496:(Asura)
1289:History
1232:Tumpong
1212:Luntang
1174:Dabakan
801:Sarawak
768:kutyapi
748:codyapi
744:coryapi
734:cutiape
730:culyapi
714:cutyapi
705:kutyapi
678:kutyapi
628:kudyapi
611:kudyapi
597:kudlung
585:fedlung
581:kudyapi
550:kudyapi
513:binalig
432:singkil
401:binalig
387:Maranao
375:tumpong
322:Binalig
316:Minudel
308:Minudel
304:Banutun
272:binalig
260:Palawan
255:kusyapi
252:), and
242:Mandaya
238:Mansaka
229:kudlung
223:kudlong
217:kadlong
211:kuglong
187:kudyapi
177:fuglung
171:faglong
166:Tiruray
156:Subanon
146:Maranao
141:kotyapi
131:kutiapi
125:kutyapi
105:Maranao
82:kudyapi
71:beeswax
57:, is a
54:kudyapi
41:motifs.
2183:Citole
2153:Torban
2111:Europe
2102:Yueqin
2087:Tanbur
2047:Qinqin
2042:Qanbūs
2007:Dombra
1992:Barbat
1964:Africa
1785:People
1500:Diwata
1494:Aswang
1237:Suling
1222:Kagul
1207:Kubing
1061:
805:Kacapi
695:friar
693:Jesuit
669:sayong
632:kubing
616:bayoka
591:, the
589:Bagobo
569:Manobo
565:T'Boli
532:guitar
485:tintik
471:kubing
444:suling
440:kubing
413:andung
409:bayoka
397:andung
363:suling
246:Bagobo
234:Manobo
206:T’boli
182:B'laan
151:kotapi
109:Manobo
77:tree.
21:Kacapi
2133:Kobza
2128:Cobza
2097:Veena
2082:Sitar
2072:Setar
2067:Sapeh
2052:Rubab
2022:Komuz
2012:Dutar
1976:Xalam
1658:from
1374:city)
1159:Agung
1088:(PDF)
809:Sunda
773:rabel
657:pidya
653:dulos
573:Lumad
547:Lumad
505:bayok
276:pelog
90:kabit
86:drone
67:frets
51:, or
2213:Laúd
2037:Pipa
2002:Biwa
1997:Bipa
1985:Asia
1971:Goje
1950:Lute
1095:2021
1059:ISBN
825:Lute
813:Java
797:Sape
746:and
626:The
604:Moro
476:insi
419:and
403:and
395:and
393:bagu
369:insi
306:and
194:and
107:and
63:lute
45:The
39:okir
2092:Tar
2032:Oud
1666:in
1662:to
1370:at
811:on
807:of
799:of
770:to
754:'s
699:'s
667:or
643:or
583:or
556:of
521:Eid
515:or
442:),
372:or
290:In
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226:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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