255:
31:
67:
237:, in general, is a region distinct from the recognized territory of the sovereign states but which the occupying state controls, usually with military forces. Sometimes, a long-term occupation is maintained as a means to act upon a territorial claim, but an occupation may also be strategic (such as creating a
284:
Territorial disputes have significant meaning in the international society, both by their relation to the fundamental right of states, sovereignty and also because they are important for international peace. International law has significant relations with territorial disputes because territorial
292:
Article 1 of the
Montevideo Convention declares that "he state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other States"
202:) applies to cases in which a limited territory is disputed by two or more states, each contending state would publish its own maps to include the same region which would invariably lie along or adjacent to the recognised borders of the competing states, such as the
168:
states, "All
Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations."
304:, as was the case in Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2005). Territorial disputes cannot be separated from international law, whose basis is on the law of state borders, and their potential settlement also relies on international law and the Court.
299:
Therefore, the breach of a country's borders or territorial disputes pose a threat to a state's very sovereignty and the right as a person of international law. In addition, territorial disputes are sometimes brought to the
265:
If a nation emerges when declaring independence from a larger state, its ultimate recognition may not always grant the new state control over the territory it proposed as part of the declaration. Those lands remain
230:, but each state recognises the shape of the rival state only as not containing the claimed territory, in spite of who actually governs the land and how it is recognised in the international community.
285:
disputes tackles the basis of international law; the state territory. International law is based on the persons of international law, which requires a defined territory, as mentioned in the 1933
534:
296:
Also, B. T. Sumner's article mentions, "In international law and relations, ownership of territory is significant because sovereignty over land defines what constitutes a state."
527:
160:
over a territory through invasion, and non-state entities try to influence the actions of politicians through terrorism. International law does not support the
520:
506:
241:
or preventing a rival power obtaining control) or a means of coercion (such as a punishment, to impose some internal measures or for use as a bargaining chip).
415:
496:
273:
In cases that territory was achieved through historical conquests such as an empire, traditionalists may view former colonies as unredeemed territory.
270:
in the eyes of nationalist movements from the state but do not otherwise cause a problem between the governments on each side of the border.
351:
795:
254:
441:
356:
919:
47:
490:– click on any state for the listing (after the chronological lists of statesmen) of Territorial Disputes it is party to
214:. With border conflicts, the existence of the rival state is not being challenged, such as the relationship between the
882:
361:
161:
411:
336:
145:. Territorial disputes often result from vague and unclear language in a treaty that set up the original boundary.
493:
301:
940:
512:
313:
17:
475:
The
International Legal Principles Relating to Territorial Disputes: The Acquisition of Title to Territory
775:
626:
318:
544:
470:
389:
381:
165:
831:
576:
571:
341:
55:
561:
286:
259:
846:
621:
27:
Disagreement over the possession or control of land between countries or their subdivisions
8:
841:
755:
717:
692:
234:
437:
665:
142:
106:
98:
722:
616:
586:
382:"Convention on Rights and Duties of States, Signed at Montevideo, December 26, 1933"
904:
889:
740:
601:
596:
118:
86:
43:
877:
800:
790:
702:
685:
606:
581:
500:
331:
181:
35:
697:
675:
649:
30:
934:
770:
670:
636:
566:
542:
483:
Lecture Series of the United
Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
482:
326:
173:
909:
805:
785:
780:
745:
39:
466:
66:
836:
760:
246:
238:
227:
223:
207:
157:
90:
438:"List of Cases referred to the Court since 1946 by date of introduction"
914:
856:
821:
712:
707:
644:
611:
553:
507:
USState
Department/ FloridaStateUniversity International Border Studies
59:
899:
851:
153:
130:
894:
765:
591:
172:
In some cases in which the boundary is not demarcated, such as the
138:
102:
826:
487:
346:
250:
applies to border disputes but also to wider territorial claims:
177:
134:
126:
750:
680:
219:
71:
51:
215:
211:
203:
122:
412:"Territorial Disputes at the International Court of Justice"
117:
Territorial disputes are often related to the possession of
94:
164:
by one state to annex the territory of another state. The
149:
287:
Montevideo
Convention on the Rights and Duties of States
133:
resources although the disputes can also be driven by
62:
and the Indian-controlled union territory of Ladakh.
932:
258:A Japanese poster calling for the return of the
528:
279:
46:and the Indian-controlled union territory of
321:(including only those that involve fighting)
352:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
535:
521:
148:Territorial disputes are a major cause of
112:
357:Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf
253:
65:
29:
14:
933:
444:from the original on September 6, 2015
156:, as states often try to assert their
516:
24:
440:. International Court of Justice.
418:from the original on March 3, 2016
409:
206:region which is contested between
70:Map of the current buffer zone in
25:
952:
460:
374:
362:Territorial disputes of Nicaragua
180:, the parties involved define a
38:divides the Pakistan-controlled
543:Autonomous types of first-tier
430:
403:
302:International Court of Justice
13:
1:
479:Settling Territorial Disputes
367:
58:divides the China-controlled
509:(archived 24 September 2008)
337:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
314:List of territorial disputes
222:or the relationship between
7:
307:
262:from Russian administration
85:is a disagreement over the
10:
957:
280:Basis in international law
216:People's Republic of China
870:
814:
733:
658:
635:
627:List of federal countries
552:
319:List of border conflicts
390:Office of the Historian
113:Context and definitions
577:Corporative federalism
572:Cooperative federalism
410:Sumner, Brian Taylor.
342:Status quo ante bellum
263:
188:international border.
184:, which serves as the
105:) between two or more
74:
63:
56:Line of Actual Control
562:Asymmetric federalism
503:in CIA World Factbook
257:
69:
33:
941:Territorial disputes
622:Symmetric federalism
494:Territorial disputes
414:. Duke Law Journal.
386:Historical Documents
268:unredeemed territory
260:Northern Territories
125:, fertile farmland,
862:Territorial dispute
842:Military occupation
756:Dependent territory
718:Supranational union
693:Multinational state
79:territorial dispute
920:Tribal sovereignty
666:Composite monarchy
499:2011-05-14 at the
264:
235:occupied territory
143:ethnic nationalism
107:political entities
75:
64:
928:
927:
723:Continental union
617:Fiscal federalism
587:Ethnic federalism
220:Republic of China
119:natural resources
48:Jammu and Kashmir
16:(Redirected from
948:
905:Stateless nation
890:Decentralization
741:Associated state
602:Federal republic
597:Federal monarchy
537:
530:
523:
514:
513:
454:
453:
451:
449:
434:
428:
427:
425:
423:
407:
401:
400:
398:
397:
378:
83:boundary dispute
44:Gilgit-Baltistan
21:
956:
955:
951:
950:
949:
947:
946:
945:
931:
930:
929:
924:
883:Autonomous area
866:
810:
801:Tributary state
791:Satellite state
729:
703:Political union
686:Colonial empire
654:
631:
607:Federated state
582:Dual federalism
548:
541:
501:Wayback Machine
463:
458:
457:
447:
445:
436:
435:
431:
421:
419:
408:
404:
395:
393:
380:
379:
375:
370:
332:Frozen conflict
310:
282:
200:border conflict
182:Line of Control
115:
36:Line of Control
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
954:
944:
943:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
886:
885:
874:
872:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
816:
812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
737:
735:
731:
730:
728:
727:
726:
725:
715:
710:
705:
700:
698:Personal union
695:
690:
689:
688:
678:
676:Dynastic union
673:
668:
662:
660:
656:
655:
653:
652:
650:Regional state
647:
641:
639:
633:
632:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
558:
556:
550:
549:
547:administration
540:
539:
532:
525:
517:
511:
510:
504:
491:
488:WorldStatesman
485:
462:
461:External links
459:
456:
455:
429:
402:
372:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
323:
322:
309:
306:
281:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
271:
242:
231:
196:border dispute
114:
111:
89:or control of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
953:
942:
939:
938:
936:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
875:
873:
869:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
813:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:Indirect rule
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
736:
732:
724:
721:
720:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
687:
684:
683:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
671:Dual monarchy
669:
667:
664:
663:
661:
657:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
640:
638:
637:Unitary state
634:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:Confederation
565:
563:
560:
559:
557:
555:
551:
546:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
518:
515:
508:
505:
502:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
464:
443:
439:
433:
417:
413:
406:
391:
387:
383:
377:
373:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
327:Fait accompli
325:
320:
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
305:
303:
297:
294:
290:
288:
272:
269:
261:
256:
252:
251:
249:
248:
243:
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:
191:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:Taiwan Strait
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
73:
68:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
910:Subsidiarity
861:
806:Vassal state
786:Puppet state
781:Protectorate
746:Client state
478:
474:
471:Malcolm Shaw
448:September 6,
446:. Retrieved
432:
422:September 6,
420:. Retrieved
405:
394:. Retrieved
392:. 1933-12-26
385:
376:
298:
295:
291:
283:
267:
245:
199:
195:
190:
185:
171:
162:use of force
147:
116:
82:
78:
76:
40:Azad Kashmir
18:Land dispute
837:Irredentism
815:Development
796:Trusteeship
761:Direct rule
734:Subordinacy
545:subdivision
247:irredentism
239:buffer zone
228:South Korea
224:North Korea
208:South Sudan
158:sovereignty
91:territories
915:Suzerainty
857:Separatism
832:Detachment
822:Annexation
713:Superstate
708:Real union
645:Devolution
612:Federation
554:Federalism
396:2024-06-27
368:References
166:UN Charter
87:possession
60:Aksai Chin
900:Home rule
852:Secession
847:Partition
473:entitled
244:The term
194:The term
154:terrorism
131:petroleum
935:Category
895:Hegemony
878:Autonomy
871:See also
766:Dominion
592:Federacy
497:Archived
467:Lectures
442:Archived
416:Archived
308:See also
218:and the
210:and the
186:de facto
139:religion
121:such as
103:airspace
827:Cession
776:Mandate
481:in the
347:Thalweg
178:Kashmir
135:culture
127:mineral
751:Colony
681:Empire
659:Unions
176:, and
141:, and
123:rivers
72:Cyprus
54:. The
52:Ladakh
212:Sudan
204:Abyei
99:water
477:and
450:2015
424:2015
226:and
198:(or
152:and
150:wars
95:land
50:and
42:and
34:The
469:by
233:An
129:or
101:or
81:or
937::
388:.
384:.
289:.
137:,
109:.
97:,
77:A
536:e
529:t
522:v
452:.
426:.
399:.
93:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.