238:
141:(ADC) rejected Supremacy since "no provision was made in it for the Alaska to Greenland net with flanks guarded by aircraft and picket ships for 3 to 6 hours of warning time", and "Congress failed to act on legislation required to support the proposed system." In the spring and summer of 1947, 3 ADC
673:
Stations were undermanned, personnel lacked training, and repair and maintenance were difficult. This stop-gap system later would be replaced by a 75-station, permanent net authorized by
Congress and approved by the President in 1949 … To be closer to ConAC, ARAACOM moved to Mitchel AFB, New York on
355:
additional ten radars and one control station for Alaska" and the augmentation's additional 15 radars ("essentially Phase II of
Supremacy"). The USAF reallocated $ 50 million to instead implement the program as a "permanent Modified Plan" (modified from Supremacy) to "start construction on the high
354:
were planned to replace Lashup with a larger radar network "until the
Supremacy plan network could be approved and constructed", and an $ 85,500,000 March 1949 Congressional bill funded both the Interim Program "for 61 basic radars and 10 control centers to be deployed in 26 months, with an
185:
was complete in June 1949. In the fall of 1949 a 2nd stage of "additional Lashup stations and heavy radar equipment authorized", and after completed in April 1950 the "Lashup net went into operation" on June 1, 1950. After a mid-July direct telephone line was installed between
161:"was ordered on 23 April 1948 to establish with his current resources AC&W systems in the Northwestern United States, the Northeastern United States, and the Albuquerque, New Mexico, areas, in that priority." The "first air defense division organization", the
803:"On 1 December 1953, the site designation was changed to LP-45 and the Air Force facilities were renamed Montauk Air Force Station. Montauk AFS was incorporated into the permanent ADC network of General Surveillance Radar Stations. (unsourced claim at
394:
was created in
December 1950.) On June 13, 1951, the government released $ 20 million for construction of permanent radar stations, and the "original construction program for the Permanent System" was completed in May 1952.
181:" was a stopgap $ 561,000 program approved in October 1948 by the ADC commander to expand "the five-station radar net then in existence". Preliminary work began by the end of 1948, and L-1 at
142:
382:. Congress subsequently passed a "supplemental appropriation" in September 1950 of nearly $ 40 million for new radar stations and search/height-finder equipment." By November 1950,
125:
air defense "warning and control system" for $ 600 million (including $ 388 million for radars and other equipment) proposed in a report by Maj. Gen. Francis L. "Ankenbrandt and his
157:
report "while recognizing the need for a radar early-warning system, cautioned against the extraordinary expense of such a system, if constructed, to provide total coverage." The
218:, 5 in/near Southern California, 3 at Albuquerque, 2 at San Francisco, and 1 in Tennessee (Alaska radars were in a separate network.) Stations were geographically grouped by
71:
had 1 of 6 SCR-270s. CONUS "Army Radar
Station" deployments for World War II were primarily for coastal anti-aircraft defense, e.g., L-1 at Oceanside CA, J-23 at Seaside OR (
896:
567:
68:
95:
825:
847:
423:
reportedly became permanent site LP-54 in 1951.) One station of the Lashup Radar
Network remained in 1957 at the end of which ADC operated 182 radar stations (
154:
901:
195:
713:
ADC Historical
Division. The Development of Continental Air Defense to 1 September 1954 (USAF Historical Study No. 126). Maxwell AFB, Alabama. p. 20.
431:
375:
789:
386:
filter centers (7 in the west, 19 in the east) were being installed, and by
November 10 a separate Air Defense Command headquarters at
877:
137:
Project SUPREMACY)" was to be complete by 1953 with 411 radar stations and 18 control centers in the continental United States.
596:
80:
56:
391:
190:
headquarters and the 26th Air
Division HQ ("the beginning of the Air Force air raid warning system"); in August "President
126:
245:
906:
99:
359:
of radars in
February 1950 with the first 24 radar sites to be constructed by the end of 1950"—operating in 1951 were
153:
In November 1947 ADC "decided to go ahead with implementation AC&W assets…ADC possessed." The January 1, 1948,
575:
428:
227:
17:
851:
415:. On December 1, 1953, a few Lashup stations became part of the subsequent "75-station, permanent net", e.g., the
311:
307:
272:
110:
For the unmanned microwave "fence" ("trip wire") that signalled when something flew by (even flocks of geese), see
447:
356:
327:
36:
379:
296:
75:), and B-30 at Lompoc CA; and "the AAF...inactivated the aircraft warning network in April 1944." In 1946 the
331:
284:
280:
223:
64:
452:
288:
76:
67:" (NY). When "Pearl Harbor was attacked, early-warning stations" (ME, NJ, & 6 in CA), and Oahu's
169:
was activated at Mitchell Field NY on November 16, and both were transferred to ADC on April 1, 1949.
804:
435:
420:
416:
412:
268:
84:
383:
276:
91:
685:
214:
The 44 Lashup radar stations in April 1950 were 23 in the Northeast/Great Lakes areas, 10 in the
249:
404:
335:
292:
158:
866:
When the system was complete, 134 of these data communications devices had been installed.
408:
8:
475:
138:
764:(Figure 3 in History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense, Volume I 1945-1955)
79:
was "first conceived—and rejected". By 1948 there were only 5 AC&W stations, e.g.,
663:
387:
323:
182:
55:
United States electronic attack warning began with a 1939 networking demonstration at
783:
571:
552:
Emerging Shield: The Air Force and the Evolution of Continental Air Defense 1945-1960
371:
219:
215:
166:
162:
819:
Searching the Skies: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program
759:
319:
191:
111:
551:
165:, was established October 25, 1948, "at Silver Lake (Everett), Washington", the
818:
72:
44:
742:
890:
515:
History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense, 1945–1955: Volume I
315:
32:
480:
Organization and Responsibility for Air Defense, March 1946–September 1955
31:
radar netting system for air defense surveillance which followed the post-
360:
203:
130:
665:
History of Strategic and Ballistic Missile Defense, 1945-1955: Volume I
513:"Chapter II: American Strategy for Air and Ballistic Missile Defense".
364:
134:
824:(Report). U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories.
378:
identified on June 12 that ADC could employ "an American version of
338:
used in the Lashup network was ready for installation in late 1950.
715:(quote from Volume I, Chapter 2, p. 54; which cites Study No. 126.)
122:
28:
60:
483:
187:
40:
403:
Phaseout of Lashup radar stations began in January 1952 at
374:
indicated insufficient low-altitude coverage," and Maj Gen
199:
698:"Chapter 3: Planning for Air Defense in the Postwar Era".
638:
not operational but in "guard" (probably caretaker) status
419:
was named an Air Force Station when designated LP-45 (the
557:
424:
88:
35:"five-station radar net" and preceded the "high Priority
434:
sites in 1963, 66 "long-range radars" in 1981, and 41
897:
Cold War military installations of the United States
326:
was added by March 9, 1950. Also developed was the
712:
550:
880:. Airforce-magazine.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
888:
817:Winkler, David F; Webster, Julie L (June 1997).
617:J-41 Santa Catalina Island CA a.k.a. Camp Cactus
474:
306:Lashup used improved systems that included the
816:
776:subj: Employment of an American Version of CDS
133:on November 21, 1947. The "Radar Fence Plan (
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
310:, which was first used in 1948 (a -1B was at
902:Telecommunications equipment of the Cold War
380:CDS", the British command and control system
774:Nelson, Maj Gen Morris R. (June 12, 1950),
544:
788:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
691:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
491:
797:
748:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
590:
548:
810:
745:. Radomes.org. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
688:. Radomes.org. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
611:B-78 Mill Valley CA a.k.a. Mt Tamalpais
521:
341:
209:
63:radar stations during the August 1940 "
889:
773:
729:Chronology of Blue Air Defense Systems
723:
721:
643:
631:L-6 Otay Mesa CA a.k.a. Border Field 6
615:J-23 Seaside, OR a.k.a. Tillamook Head
470:
468:
314:in March 1948 for warning the nuclear
43:was a similar expedient system in the
848:"Some Burroughs Transistor Computers"
828:from the original on December 1, 2012
609:B-30 Lompoc CA probably Point Arguelo
604:
845:
839:
627:J-80 Montara CA a.k.a. Point Montara
621:J-55 Neah Bay WA a.k.a. Bahokus Peak
411:in Washington that were replaced by
392:Federal Civil Defense Administration
232:
230:Manual Control Center in New York).
172:
145:(AC&W) plans had gone unfunded.
718:
465:
301:
13:
625:J-77 Gualala CA a.k.a. Point Arena
398:
370:Early June 1950 exercises "in the
148:
14:
918:
702:. pp. 47-81 (pdf pp. 62-96).
85:Montauk's "Air Warning Station #3
623:J-77 Olema CA a.k.a. Point Reyes
308:Western Electric AN/TPS-1B Radar
273:Portland Air National Guard Base
236:
129:" and which was approved by the
871:
767:
756:Lashup, Completed by April 1950
736:
613:B-85 Carmel CA a.k.a. Point Sur
448:Permanent System radar stations
328:General Electric AN/CPS-6 Radar
794:(cited by Schaffel pdf p. 311)
706:
679:
297:Cape Charles Air Force Station
105:
1:
458:
50:
18:late 1950s SAGE Radar Network
850:. GAtech.edu. Archived from
363:(opened June 1, 1950) and
318:.) L-17 began using a 1949
228:Roslyn Air Warning Station's
143:Aircraft Control and Warning
7:
846:Gray, George (March 1999).
733:(cited by Volume I, p. 132)
568:Office of Air Force History
488:(cited by Volume I, p. 132)
441:
322:, to which a height finder
285:Selfridge AFB radar station
281:Highlands Air Force Station
224:ground-controlled intercept
10:
923:
907:Air defence radar networks
855:(Knowledge-styled webpage)
619:J-42 San Nicolas Island CA
549:Schaffel, Kenneth (1991).
453:Distant Early Warning Line
289:Snelling Air Force Station
109:
77:Distant Early Warning Line
69:Opana Mobile Radar Station
15:
805:Montauk Air Force Station
357:Priority Permanent System
269:Palermo Air Force Station
601:Palos Verdes Estates CA*
384:Ground Observation Corps
277:Fort Meade radar station
112:Mid-Canada (McGill) Line
16:Not to be confused with
200:Air Force Pentagon post
127:communications officers
635:L-82 Half Moon Bay CA
198:installed between the
57:Twin Lights station NJ
633:L-35 Point Hueneme CA
417:Montauk USAF facility
336:Bendix AN/FPS-3 Radar
320:Bendix AN/CPS-5 radar
196:direct telephone line
342:Replacement planning
250:adding missing items
226:(GCI) center (e.g.,
210:Sites in the network
155:Finletter Commission
27:was a United States
25:Lashup Radar Network
778:, USAFHRC microfilm
743:LASHUP Radar System
686:Montauk AFS History
476:Air Defense Command
438:stations in 1985).
139:Air Defense Command
131:USAF Chief of Staff
121:was a planned U.S.
65:Watertown maneuvers
413:Othello AFS (P-40)
390:was approved (the
352:First Augmentation
324:MIT AN/CPS-4 Radar
248:; you can help by
183:Dow Air Force Base
92:SAC radar stations
758:(Map). publisher
564:General Histories
517:. pp. 37–68.
405:Larson AFB (L-29)
372:58th Air Division
266:
265:
222:which each had a
216:Pacific Northwest
173:Lashup deployment
167:26th Air Division
163:25th Air Division
914:
881:
875:
869:
868:
863:
862:
856:
843:
837:
836:
834:
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795:
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734:
732:
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710:
704:
703:
695:
689:
683:
677:
676:
674:1 November 1950.
670:
660:
641:
629:L-1 Oceanside CA
606:
603:B-5 La Jolla CA
594:
588:
587:
585:
584:
561:
554:
546:
519:
518:
510:
489:
487:
472:
421:Palermo AFS L-14
376:Morris R. Nelson
302:Lashup equipment
261:
258:
240:
239:
233:
37:Permanent System
922:
921:
917:
916:
915:
913:
912:
911:
887:
886:
885:
884:
878:Defensive Watch
876:
872:
860:
858:
854:
844:
840:
831:
829:
821:
815:
811:
802:
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781:
780:
772:
768:
754:
753:
749:
741:
737:
727:
726:
719:
711:
707:
700:Emerging Shield
697:
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582:
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555:
547:
522:
512:
511:
492:
473:
466:
461:
444:
409:Richland (L-30)
401:
399:Lashup phaseout
348:Interim Program
344:
304:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
262:
256:
253:
237:
212:
175:
151:
149:Lashup planning
115:
108:
53:
21:
12:
11:
5:
920:
910:
909:
904:
899:
883:
882:
870:
838:
809:
796:
766:
747:
735:
717:
705:
690:
678:
642:
640:
639:
607:Mount Soledad*
589:
576:
520:
490:
463:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
450:
443:
440:
400:
397:
343:
340:
334:in 1949. The
303:
300:
264:
263:
243:
241:
211:
208:
174:
171:
150:
147:
107:
104:
73:Tillamook Head
52:
49:
45:United Kingdom
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
919:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
879:
874:
867:
857:on 2016-10-01
853:
849:
842:
827:
820:
813:
806:
800:
791:
785:
777:
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761:
757:
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744:
739:
730:
724:
722:
709:
701:
694:
687:
682:
675:
667:
666:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
637:
636:
597:
593:
579:
577:0-912799-60-9
573:
569:
565:
559:
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545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
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531:
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439:
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433:
430:
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418:
414:
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406:
396:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
339:
337:
333:
330:which was at
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:Portland L-33
309:
299:
298:
294:
293:Fort Williams
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
260:
251:
247:
244:This list is
242:
235:
234:
231:
229:
225:
221:
220:Air Divisions
217:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
180:
170:
168:
164:
160:
159:ADC commander
156:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
113:
103:
102:Bomb Plots).
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
19:
873:
865:
859:. Retrieved
852:the original
841:
830:. Retrieved
812:
799:
775:
769:
755:
750:
738:
728:
708:
699:
693:
681:
672:
664:
599:Arlington WA
592:
581:. Retrieved
563:
514:
479:
402:
369:
365:TM-187 in TX
351:
347:
345:
316:Hanford Site
305:
267:
257:January 2012
254:
213:
178:
176:
152:
118:
116:
87:on July 5 (
83:in June and
54:
33:World War II
24:
22:
204:White House
119:Radar Fence
106:Radar Fence
94:, e.g., at
81:Twin Lights
891:Categories
861:2010-01-24
832:2012-03-26
583:2011-09-26
566:(Report).
459:References
246:incomplete
135:code named
51:Background
807:wikipage)
361:P-1 in WA
826:Archived
784:citation
442:See also
350:and its
202:and the
179:Lashup I
123:Cold War
59:, and 2
29:Cold War
388:Ent AFB
61:SCR-270
605:a.k.a.
574:
556:(45MB
407:&
194:had a
192:Truman
100:Denver
98:&
96:Dallas
822:(PDF)
669:(PDF)
484:CONAD
188:CONAC
41:ROTOR
790:link
572:ISBN
432:CDTS
429:SAGE
427:135
346:The
332:L-12
117:The
23:The
760:tbd
558:pdf
436:JSS
425:cf.
252:.
206:."
89:cf.
39:".
893::
864:.
786:}}
782:{{
720:^
671:.
645:^
570:.
562:.
523:^
493:^
482:.
478:.
467:^
367:.
47:.
835:.
792:)
762:.
731:.
586:.
560:)
486:.
259:)
255:(
177:"
114:.
20:.
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