28:
357:
its creation with the discovery of ostrich eggshell beads and bone harpoons in contexts which predate the LSA by tens of thousands of years. The Later Stone Age was also long distinguished from the earlier Middle Stone Age as the time in which modern human behavior developed in Africa. This definition has become more tenuous as evidence for such modern human behaviors is found in sites which predate the LSA significantly.
38:
340:. They were introduced in the 1920s, as it became clear that the existing chronological system of Upper, Middle, and Lower Paleolithic was not a suitable correlate to the prehistoric past in Africa. Some scholars, however, continue to view these two chronologies as parallel, arguing that they both represent the development of
324:
The Later Stone Age is associated with the advent of modern human behavior in Africa, although definitions of this concept and means of studying it are up for debate. The transition from the Middle Stone Age to the Late Stone Age is thought to have occurred first in eastern Africa between 50,000 and
456:
The end of the Later Stone Age took place when groups adopted technologies such as metallurgy to replace the use of stone tools. This process happened at different rates across the continent, and it is worth noting that the term "LSA" is typically used by archaeologists today to refer primarily to
356:
and worked bone implements, and lacked Middle Stone Age stone tools other than those recycled and reworked. LSA peoples were directly linked with biologically and behaviorally modern populations of hunter/gatherers, some being directly identified as San "Bushmen." This definition has changed since
402:
were increasingly replaced with industries that focused on producing blades and bladelets on cores with simple platforms. African stone tool technologies are divided into modes as proposed by
Grahame Clark in 1969 and outlined by Lawrence Barham and Peter Mitchell as follows:
388:
LSA sites also greatly outnumber MSA sites in Africa, a trend that could indicate an increase in population numbers. The greater number of LSA sites could also result from bias towards better preservation of younger sites which have had fewer chances to be destroyed.
397:
Differences in stone tool technologies are often used to distinguish between the Middle Stone Age and the Later Stone Age. The larger prepared platform flake-based stone tool industries of the Middle Stone Age, such as
373:
technology which appeared to have been relatively unchanged for several hundreds of thousands of years. LSA technology is also characterized by the use of bone tools. The LSA was associated with
369:
and begins about 50,000 years ago. The LSA is characterized by a wider variety in stone artifacts than in the previous MSA period. These artifacts vary with time and location, unlike
461:" is no longer favored by many archaeologists working in Africa due to the increasing evidence for development of modern human behavior earlier than 40,000-50,000 years ago.
2155:
325:
39,000 years ago. It is also thought that Later Stone Age peoples and/or their technologies spread out of Africa over the next several thousand years.
794:
328:
The terms "Early Stone Age", "Middle Stone Age" and "Later Stone Age" in the context of
African archaeology are not to be confused with the terms
2552:
2293:
1889:
352:
Originally, the Later Stone Age was defined as several stone industries and/or cultures which included other evidence of human activity, such as
431:
The lithic technologies of the Later Stone Age often fall into Modes 4 and 5. They have been further broken into four stages within the LSA.
2508:
2017:
2340:
1791:
2664:
438:
dated to between ca. 40,000 and ca. 19,000 B.P. labeled early LSA (ELSA), or as late MSA, or as MSA/LSA transitions or interfaces
657:
McBrearty, S.; Brooks, A. S. (2000). "The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior".
132:
787:
625:
292:
1918:
824:
758:
641:
2125:
2012:
2537:
1928:
966:
780:
97:
2150:
1680:
940:
1008:
2145:
1685:
1158:
834:
2649:
1111:
2654:
2413:
2214:
560:
Henshilwood, Christopher S.; Marean, Curtis W. (December 2003). "The Origin of Modern Human
Behavior".
157:
2659:
2219:
2034:
692:
Ambrose, Stanley H. (1998). "Chronology of the Later Stone Age and Food
Production in East Africa".
525:
Ambrose, Stanley H. (1998). "Chronology of the Later Stone Age and Food
Production in East Africa".
2408:
1500:
1045:
1572:
1567:
2525:
2435:
1607:
1374:
1193:
1126:
858:
285:
2613:
2487:
2093:
1984:
1972:
1668:
1409:
1248:
885:
819:
803:
441:
Nonmicrolithic, bladelet-poor industries with dates between ca. 40,000 B.P. and ca. 19,000 B.P.
435:
353:
251:
2352:
2288:
2162:
1855:
1781:
1555:
1550:
1488:
1427:
1364:
1312:
1305:
851:
427:
portions of composite tools that may include wood or bone, often abruptly retouched or backed
374:
221:
1737:
729:
The First
Africans: African Archaeology From the Earliest Toolmakers to Most Recent Foragers
598:
Wadley, Lyn (September 1993). "The
Pleistocene Later Stone Age South of the Limpopo River".
2618:
2569:
2564:
2547:
2542:
2520:
2310:
2024:
1877:
1769:
1673:
1466:
1151:
950:
893:
701:
534:
505:
341:
235:
148:
1121:
8:
2608:
2273:
2078:
1911:
1444:
1317:
1198:
1173:
399:
216:
705:
538:
61:
2559:
2462:
2364:
2177:
1359:
1089:
1055:
495:
457:
stone tool-using hunter/gatherer populations in southern Africa. The model of the LSA "
333:
314:
278:
211:
109:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2530:
2187:
2105:
1399:
1384:
1369:
1349:
1240:
1219:
1030:
873:
767:
754:
674:
637:
630:
577:
470:
337:
329:
139:
83:
2596:
2503:
2246:
2029:
1829:
1749:
1705:
1505:
1327:
1178:
1138:
709:
666:
607:
569:
542:
480:
475:
370:
366:
318:
246:
172:
113:
2088:
2044:
444:
Microlithic industries with bladelets dated between ca. 18,000 and ca. 12,000 B.P.
2477:
2447:
2209:
2137:
2115:
2073:
1968:
1938:
1803:
1798:
1449:
1332:
903:
414:
Mode 2: Tools made through bifacial reduction produced from large flakes or cores
206:
165:
143:
2586:
2513:
2335:
2300:
2231:
2120:
1992:
1700:
1285:
1275:
1096:
1077:
500:
382:
27:
420:
Mode 4: Punch-struck blades that are adapted into a variety of different tools
2643:
2472:
2457:
2403:
2381:
2278:
2266:
2182:
2051:
1933:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1582:
1493:
1422:
1163:
1106:
1084:
993:
925:
920:
898:
746:
239:
190:
152:
1013:
447:
Nonmicrolithic, bladelet-poor industries dating between 12,000 and 8000 B.P.
2391:
2347:
2328:
2283:
2083:
2007:
1764:
1759:
1715:
1342:
1224:
1188:
1168:
1020:
998:
910:
713:
678:
670:
581:
546:
378:
268:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2376:
2371:
2323:
2261:
2224:
2197:
2098:
2068:
1943:
1865:
1786:
1774:
1535:
1520:
1510:
1481:
1439:
1354:
1322:
1270:
1203:
1040:
915:
772:
490:
119:
77:
2574:
2467:
2425:
2241:
2204:
2167:
2063:
1650:
1562:
1389:
1290:
1263:
1183:
981:
935:
846:
814:
611:
485:
178:
102:
2482:
2251:
2236:
1834:
1819:
1744:
1727:
1645:
1530:
1471:
1461:
1456:
1379:
1258:
1146:
1072:
839:
829:
424:
227:
186:
53:
37:
377:, but this view was modified after discoveries in MSA sites such as
2256:
2192:
2039:
1997:
1732:
1640:
1515:
1337:
1300:
1280:
573:
201:
68:
41:
African biface (scraper/cutting tool) dated to the Later Stone Age.
2318:
2110:
2056:
2002:
1824:
1630:
1540:
1394:
1295:
1253:
1116:
1035:
988:
976:
593:
591:
408:
256:
2386:
1923:
1901:
1754:
1690:
1635:
1025:
1003:
971:
945:
553:
588:
2452:
2172:
1906:
1860:
1722:
1577:
1525:
1101:
1067:
194:
126:
2398:
2359:
1839:
1695:
1625:
1545:
1417:
930:
91:
31:
African biface (spear point) dated to the Later Stone Age.
1710:
1476:
1434:
411:
tool industries, also known as pebble tool industries
360:
720:
629:
559:
2641:
656:
726:
788:
286:
802:
795:
781:
727:Barham, Lawrence; Mitchell, Peter (2009).
293:
279:
36:
26:
731:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
691:
524:
417:Mode 3: Flake tools from prepared cores
2642:
745:
597:
133:Recent African origin of modern humans
1966:
1605:
871:
776:
624:
451:
1967:
392:
749:(1999). "Learning about the past".
13:
768:The Stone Age of southern Tanzania
739:
14:
2676:
1919:Megalithic architectural elements
694:Journal of Archaeological Science
527:Journal of Archaeological Science
1606:
751:Human Beginnings in South Africa
628:(2003). "Body before behavior".
361:Transition from Middle Stone Age
2538:Evolutionary origin of religion
2665:Archaeology of Southern Africa
685:
650:
618:
518:
1:
2151:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
1681:British megalith architecture
2146:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1686:Nordic megalith architecture
511:
16:Period in African prehistory
7:
600:Journal of World Prehistory
464:
10:
2681:
2294:British Isles and Brittany
2215:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
753:. Cape Town: D. Phillips.
347:
158:Origin of the domestic dog
2496:
2309:
2136:
1983:
1979:
1962:
1848:
1812:
1661:
1618:
1614:
1601:
1408:
1239:
1212:
1137:
1063:
1054:
959:
884:
880:
872:
867:
810:
636:. New York, N.Y.: Wiley.
632:The Dawn of Human Culture
21:
2526:Evolutionary musicology
1929:Oldest extant buildings
1856:Archaeological features
1375:Prepared-core technique
2488:Unchambered long cairn
2336:Mound Builders culture
1669:Neolithic architecture
804:Prehistoric technology
714:10.1006/jasc.1997.0277
671:10.1006/jhev.2000.0435
547:10.1006/jasc.1997.0277
436:Microlithic industries
354:ostrich eggshell beads
42:
32:
2163:List of Stone Age art
1365:Microblade technology
1313:Langdale axe industry
911:Ard / plough
375:modern human behavior
222:Pre-Pottery Neolithic
120:Homo neanderthalensis
40:
30:
2570:Prehistoric medicine
2565:Prehistoric counting
2548:Prehistoric religion
2543:Paleolithic religion
2521:Behavioral modernity
1878:Causewayed enclosure
1770:Abri de la Madeleine
894:Neolithic Revolution
562:Current Anthropology
506:Itaakpa rock shelter
365:The LSA follows the
342:behavioral modernity
236:Neolithic Revolution
149:Behavioral modernity
2609:Prehistoric warfare
1355:Magdalenian culture
1318:Levallois technique
1249:Earliest toolmaking
706:1998JArSc..25..377A
539:1998JArSc..25..377A
217:Trihedral Neolithic
2650:Prehistoric Africa
2560:Origin of language
2553:Spiritual drug use
2463:Rectangular dolmen
2365:Dartmoor kistvaens
2178:Carved stone balls
1890:Circular enclosure
1849:Other architecture
1792:Alp pile dwellings
1380:Solutrean industry
1291:Gravettian culture
941:Secondary products
612:10.1007/bf00974721
496:Nasera Rockshelter
452:Potential problems
334:Middle Paleolithic
315:African prehistory
212:Shepherd Neolithic
110:Middle Paleolithic
43:
33:
2655:Upper Paleolithic
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2582:Prehistoric music
2531:music archaeology
2188:Cup and ring mark
2013:Clothing/textiles
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1400:Yubetsu technique
1385:Striking platform
1350:Lithic technology
1235:
1234:
1220:Game drive system
1139:Projectile points
1031:Mortar and pestle
471:Upper Paleolithic
393:Lithic technology
338:Upper Paleolithic
330:Lower Paleolithic
317:that follows the
313:) is a period in
303:
302:
252:Pottery Neolithic
140:Upper Paleolithic
84:Lower Paleolithic
47:
46:
2672:
2660:Stone Age Africa
2597:Divje Babe flute
2504:Archaeoastronomy
2247:Petrosomatoglyph
1981:
1980:
1964:
1963:
1813:Water management
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1506:Denticulate tool
1328:Lithic reduction
1061:
1060:
882:
881:
869:
868:
797:
790:
783:
774:
773:
764:
733:
732:
724:
718:
717:
689:
683:
682:
654:
648:
647:
635:
622:
616:
615:
595:
586:
585:
557:
551:
550:
522:
481:Enkapune Ya Muto
476:Middle Stone Age
459:human revolution
371:Middle Stone Age
367:Middle Stone Age
319:Middle Stone Age
295:
288:
281:
247:Khiamian culture
114:Middle Stone Age
87:Early Stone Age
49:
48:
19:
18:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2625:
2492:
2478:Stone box grave
2448:Megalithic tomb
2353:Cotswold-Severn
2305:
2210:Guardian stones
2138:Prehistoric art
2132:
1975:
1950:
1939:Timber trackway
1844:
1808:
1804:Wattle and daub
1657:
1636:Standing stones
1610:
1589:
1404:
1231:
1208:
1133:
1050:
960:Food processing
955:
904:New World crops
876:
863:
806:
801:
761:
742:
740:Further reading
737:
736:
725:
721:
690:
686:
655:
651:
644:
623:
619:
596:
589:
558:
554:
523:
519:
514:
467:
454:
395:
363:
350:
307:Later Stone Age
299:
238:
207:Heavy Neolithic
168:
166:Epipalaeolithic
156:
144:Later Stone Age
142:
112:
98:Control of fire
86:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Alligator drum
2579:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2514:lunar calendar
2511:
2500:
2498:
2497:Other cultural
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2301:Venus figurine
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2232:Megalithic art
2229:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2183:Cave paintings
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1985:Material goods
1977:
1976:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1701:Cliff dwelling
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1286:Fire hardening
1283:
1278:
1276:Clovis culture
1273:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1199:Manis Mastodon
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1078:throwing stick
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
985:
984:
974:
969:
963:
961:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
907:
906:
901:
890:
888:
878:
877:
865:
864:
862:
861:
856:
855:
854:
844:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
811:
808:
807:
800:
799:
792:
785:
777:
771:
770:
765:
759:
747:Deacon, Hilary
741:
738:
735:
734:
719:
700:(4): 377–392.
684:
665:(5): 453–563.
649:
642:
626:Klein, Richard
617:
606:(3): 243–296.
587:
574:10.1086/377665
568:(5): 627–651.
552:
533:(4): 377–392.
516:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
503:
501:Panga ya Saidi
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
466:
463:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
442:
439:
429:
428:
421:
418:
415:
412:
394:
391:
383:Pinnacle Point
362:
359:
349:
346:
301:
300:
298:
297:
290:
283:
275:
272:
271:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
249:
244:
243:
242:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
198:
197:
191:Bow and Arrows
176:
175:
163:
162:
161:
160:
137:
136:
135:
130:
123:
107:
106:
105:
100:
95:
73:
72:
57:
56:
45:
44:
34:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2677:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
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2568:
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2532:
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2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:Simple dolmen
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Passage grave
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
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2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:Gallery grave
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2375:
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2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:Burial mounds
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Statue menhir
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:Stone carving
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
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2213:
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2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Sewing needle
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Timber circle
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1883:Tor enclosure
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:fulacht fiadh
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
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1833:
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1826:
1823:
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1805:
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1709:
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1699:
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1534:
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1509:
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1426:
1425:
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1421:
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1416:
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1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
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1388:
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1378:
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1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
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1351:
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1344:
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1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
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1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
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1257:
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1244:
1242:
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1226:
1223:
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1197:
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1187:
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1175:
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1162:
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1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:spear-thrower
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:Bow and arrow
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
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1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:Grinding slab
992:
990:
987:
983:
980:
979:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
958:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:Domestication
924:
922:
921:Digging stick
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
905:
902:
900:
899:Founder crops
897:
896:
895:
892:
891:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
866:
860:
857:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
841:
840:New Stone Age
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
805:
798:
793:
791:
786:
784:
779:
778:
775:
769:
766:
762:
760:0-86486-417-5
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:
730:
723:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
653:
645:
643:0-471-25252-2
639:
634:
633:
627:
621:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
592:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
556:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
517:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
462:
460:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
433:
432:
426:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
406:
405:
404:
401:
390:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
358:
355:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
296:
291:
289:
284:
282:
277:
276:
274:
273:
270:
266:
265:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
248:
245:
241:
240:Domestication
237:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
229:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
174:
171:
170:
169:
167:
159:
154:
150:
147:
146:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
129:
128:
124:
122:
121:
117:
116:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
75:
74:
70:
66:
65:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
39:
35:
29:
25:
24:
20:
2414:wedge-shaped
2399:Funeral pyre
2392:Great dolmen
2348:Chamber tomb
2329:Round barrow
2284:Stone circle
2156:Blombos Cave
2084:Grooved ware
2008:Chalcolithic
1912:Thornborough
1830:Flush toilet
1765:Blombos Cave
1760:Rock shelter
1716:Quiggly hole
1608:Architecture
1583:illustration
1225:Buffalo jump
1046:Storage pits
1009:Aşıklı Höyük
999:Ground stone
835:Subdivisions
750:
728:
722:
697:
693:
687:
662:
659:J. Hum. Evol
658:
652:
631:
620:
603:
599:
565:
561:
555:
530:
526:
520:
458:
455:
430:
396:
387:
379:Blombos Cave
364:
351:
327:
323:
310:
306:
304:
269:Chalcolithic
226:
177:
164:
127:Homo sapiens
125:
118:
90:
76:
63:
2436:unchambered
2431:Long barrow
2421:Grave goods
2377:Court cairn
2372:Clava cairn
2324:Bowl barrow
2262:Rock cupule
2205:Golden hats
2198:Hill figure
2099:Unstan ware
2079:Cord-marked
1944:Sweet Track
1866:Burnt mound
1787:Stilt house
1775:Sibudu Cave
1568:Tally stick
1536:Quern-stone
1521:Hammerstone
1511:Fire plough
1482:Pesse canoe
1440:Bannerstone
1410:Other tools
1323:Lithic core
1271:Aurignacian
1159:Bare Island
1041:Quern-stone
491:Mumbwa Cave
103:Stone tools
78:Paleolithic
2644:Categories
2575:trepanning
2468:Ring cairn
2426:Jar burial
2409:transepted
2341:U.S. sites
2242:Petroglyph
2168:Bird stone
2126:wine press
1799:Stone roof
1782:Roundhouse
1674:long house
1651:Stonehenge
1619:Ceremonial
1563:Stone tool
1390:Tool stone
1360:Metallurgy
1264:Mousterian
1241:Toolmaking
1179:Cumberland
1152:Transverse
1122:Schöningen
1014:Qesem cave
982:Earth oven
936:Irrigation
847:Technology
815:Prehistory
486:Mumba Cave
187:Microliths
179:Mesolithic
2619:symbolism
2483:Tor cairn
2441:Grønsalen
2382:Cremation
2274:Sculpture
2252:Pictogram
2237:Petroform
2057:amber use
2025:Cosmetics
1835:Reservoir
1820:Check dam
1750:Pueblitos
1745:Pit-house
1728:Longhouse
1662:Dwellings
1531:Microlith
1462:Bow drill
1457:Bone tool
1450:prismatic
1259:Acheulean
1174:Cresswell
1147:Arrowhead
1073:Boomerang
989:Granaries
951:Terracing
830:Stone Age
512:Footnotes
425:Microlith
400:Levallois
228:Neolithic
54:Stone Age
2257:Rock art
2220:painting
2193:Geoglyph
2018:timeline
1998:Beadwork
1738:Mehrgarh
1733:Mudbrick
1641:megalith
1516:Fire-saw
1338:debitage
1333:analysis
1301:Hand axe
1281:Cupstone
859:Glossary
820:Timeline
679:11102266
582:14971366
465:See also
423:Mode 5:
407:Mode 1:
202:Tahunian
173:Natufian
69:Pliocene
2614:Symbols
2225:pigment
2111:Weaving
2074:Cardium
2069:Pottery
2064:Mirrors
2052:Jewelry
1993:Baskets
1973:culture
1825:Cistern
1631:Pyramid
1573:Weapons
1551:Scraper
1541:Racloir
1501:Cleaver
1489:Chopper
1395:Uniface
1306:Grooves
1296:Hafting
1254:Oldowan
1213:Systems
1164:Cascade
1127:woomera
1117:harpoon
1090:history
1056:Hunting
1036:Pottery
977:Cooking
886:Farming
852:history
825:Outline
702:Bibcode
535:Bibcode
409:Oldowan
348:Origins
257:Pottery
62:before
2592:flutes
2387:Dolmen
2311:Burial
2121:winery
2094:Linear
1924:Midden
1902:Cursus
1895:Goseck
1755:Pueblo
1706:Dugout
1691:Burdei
1370:Mining
1194:Lamoka
1189:Folsom
1169:Clovis
1026:Metate
1004:Hearth
972:Basket
946:Sickle
757:
677:
640:
580:
336:, and
195:Canoes
153:Atlatl
2509:sites
2453:Mummy
2173:Cairn
2089:JĹŤmon
2040:shoes
2035:Hides
1907:Henge
1861:Broch
1723:Jacal
1578:Wheel
1526:Knife
1472:Canoe
1467:Burin
1445:Blade
1343:flake
1204:Plano
1112:baton
1102:Spear
1068:Arrow
1021:Manos
874:Tools
2602:gudi
2360:Cist
2289:list
2116:Wine
2045:Ă–tzi
2030:Glue
2003:Beds
1971:and
1969:Arts
1840:Well
1696:Cave
1626:Kiva
1556:side
1546:Rope
1494:tool
1428:bone
1418:Adze
1184:Eden
1097:Nets
967:Fire
931:Goad
916:Celt
755:ISBN
675:PMID
638:ISBN
578:PMID
381:and
305:The
92:Homo
64:Homo
52:The
1711:Hut
1646:row
1477:Oar
1435:Axe
1423:Awl
710:doi
667:doi
608:doi
570:doi
543:doi
385:.
321:.
311:LSA
2646::
708:.
698:25
696:.
673:.
663:39
661:.
602:.
590:^
576:.
566:44
564:.
541:.
531:25
529:.
344:.
332:,
267:↓
193:,
189:,
155:,
151:,
60:↑
796:e
789:t
782:v
763:.
716:.
712::
704::
681:.
669::
646:.
614:.
610::
604:7
584:.
572::
549:.
545::
537::
309:(
294:e
287:t
280:v
71:)
67:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
