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Leiden University

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in the Netherlands and one of the oldest in the world. Plants from all over the world have been carefully cultivated here by experts for more than four centuries. The Clusius garden (a reconstruction), the 18th-century Orangery with its monumental tub plants, the rare collection of historical trees
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laureates who have achieved exceptional success in knowledge exchange and impact for society include the following Leiden professors: health psychologist Andrea Evers, immunology technologist Ton Schumacher and psychologist Judi Mesman. Among other leading professors are
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The university has seven academic faculties and over fifty subject departments, housing more than forty national and international research institutes. Its historical primary campus consists of several buildings spread over Leiden, while a second campus located in
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In addition, most departments, affiliated (research) institutes, or faculties offer doctorate programmes or positions, leading to the Ph.D. degree. Most of the Ph.D. programmes offered by the university are concentrated in several research schools or institutes.
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Students can choose from a range of graduate programmes. Most of the above-mentioned undergraduate programmes can be continued with either a general or a specialised graduate program. Leiden University offers more than 100 graduate programs leading to either
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founded Leiden University to give the Northern Netherlands an institution that could educate its citizens in religion and provide the government with educated men in all fields. It is said the choice fell on Leiden as a reward for the heroic
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was the first professor of Leiden to be granted the Spinoza award for his work on developing the NLCM centre (Dutch literature and culture in the Middle Ages) into a top research centre. Other Spinoza Prize winners are linguists
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symbolising the historical link between East and West, the tropical greenhouses with their world-class plant collections, and the central square and Conservatory exhibiting exotic plants from South Africa and southern Europe.
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Leiden University has more than 50 research and graduate schools and institutes. Some of them are fully affiliated with one faculty of the university, while others are interfaculty institutes or interuniversity institutes.
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The new institution was initially located in the Convent of Saint Barbara, then moved to the Faliede Bagijn Church in 1577 (now the location of the university museum) and in 1581 to a former convent of
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The Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs was established in 2011, together with the University College, and one of the largest programmes of the Faculty of Humanities, International Studies.
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or Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (founded in 1851), the Leiden Observatory 1633; the Natural History Museum, with a very complete anatomical cabinet; the
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The university has no central campus; its buildings are spread over the city. Some buildings, like the Gravensteen, are very old, while Van Steenis, Lipsius and Gorlaeus are much more modern.
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within fifty years of its founding. By the 1640s, over five hundred students were enrolled from all across Europe, making it the largest Protestant university.
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which studies various aspects of knowledge transmissions and ideas through texts and images from antiquity to the present day. In 2005, the manuscript of
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was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1913. Three other professors received the Nobel Prize for their research performed at Universiteit Leiden:
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The university is divided into seven major faculties which offer approximately 50 undergraduate degree programmes and over 100 graduate programmes.
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laureates (the highest scientific award of The Netherlands), twenty-six were granted to professors of Leiden University. Literary historian
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and Indian departments; a museum of Dutch antiquities from the earliest times; and three ethnographical museums, of which the nucleus was
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Niederländische Universitäten und deutsches Geistesleben von der Gründung der Universität Leiden bis ins späte achtzehnte Jahrhundert
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discovered Descartes's work partly at Leiden University, which he visited for periods of study multiple times. In the 18th century,
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Most of the university's departments offer their degree programme(s). Undergraduate programmes lead to either a B.A., B.Sc., or
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for the universities to increase the quality of their research and teaching. The university is also the unofficial home of the
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Niederländische Universitäten und deutsches Geistesleben von der Gründung der Universität Leiden bis ins späte 18. Jahrhundert
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received the Nobel Prize for their pioneering work in the field of optical and electronic phenomena, and the physiologist
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for his invention of the string galvanometer, which among other things, enabled the development of electrocardiography.
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has more than 5.2 million books and fifty thousand journals. It also has collections of Western and Oriental
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The Great Emporium: The Low Countries as a Cultural Crossroads in the Renaissance and the Eighteenth Century
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starting in 2017 to run a joint summer program on global and transnational law from its Hague campus.
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Lunsingh Scheurleer, Th.; Posthumus Meyjes, G.H.M.; Bachrach, Alfred Gustave Herbert (1975).
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Leiden University's reputation was created in part by the presence of scholars such as
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did not have universities in its northern heartland. The only other university in the
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Faculty of Law, in the building that once housed Heike Kamerlingh Onnes' laboratory
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University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs
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In 1998, the university has expanded to The Hague which has become home to
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Netherlands Research Institute and School for Economic and Social History
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laboratories of the university are modern, and the museums of geology and
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Good, gratifying and renowned. A concise history of Leiden University
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Leiden University in the seventeenth century: an exchange of learning
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Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
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Vier eeuwen geschiedenis in steen. Universitaire gebouwen in Leiden
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Dutch Light: Christiaan Huygens and the Making of Science in Europe
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Other notable Leiden researchers were the Arabist and Islam expert
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Karlsruhe Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis
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Leiden Ethnosystems and Development Programme, Faculty of Science
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Interuniversity Graduate School of Psychometrics and Sociometrics
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University of Georgia School of Public and International Affairs
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for its climate of intellectual tolerance. Individuals such as
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Record of the Jubilee Celebrations of the University of Sydney
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Nobel laureates associated with Leiden include the physicists
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Among the institutions affiliated with the university are The
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The Bastion of Liberty. Leiden University Today and Yesterday
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Kambouchner, Denis (2021-04-15), Melamed, Yitzhak Y. (ed.),
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Research Institute and Graduate School for Cultural History
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A lecture hall in the Leiden University campus in the Hague.
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Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey
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Groepsportret met Dame: de Leidse universiteit, 1575–1672
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Records of The Tercentenary Festival of Dublin University
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Research building of the Leiden University Medical Centre
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The academy building of Leiden University in modern days
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Entrance of Gorlaeus building of the Faculty of Science
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In 2012 Leiden entered into a strategic alliance with
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on the quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas (the
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Paris Sciences et Lettres University (PSL University)
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were among the renowned academics of the university.
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Leiden Ethnosystems and Development Programme, [
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The discovery of the electron: II. The Zeeman effect
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Huygens and Oort Buildings of the Faculty of Science
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German Research Institute for Public Administration
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German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer
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Rutgers School of Public Affairs and Administration
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German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer
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European Master of Public Administration Consortium
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BBC NEWS | Europe | Student unearths Einstein paper
2075: 2073: 1470:Research Institute for Law, Governance and Society 4470:Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy 4400:O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs 2930:"Times Higher Education Rankings by Subject(2022)" 2858:"Times Higher Education Rankings by Subject(2024)" 607:The academy building of Leiden University in 1614. 488:scholars from around Europe were attracted to the 4823:Educational institutions established in the 1570s 4390:Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis 2268: 1436:Netherlands Research School for Literary Studies 1370:Netherlands Research School for Medieval Studies 1346:Leiden University Centre for the Arts in Society 599:, founder of the university, in the 16th century. 4804: 4458:Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs 2070: 1694: 1179:Research Centre for International Legal Studies 3663:League of European Research Universities (LERU) 3590:Theological University of the Reformed Churches 1932:List of rectores magnifici of Leiden University 791:) was discovered in one of Leiden's libraries. 771:. It houses the world's largest collections on 735:. In 1908, he was also the first to succeed in 633:located in an area under firm Spanish control. 587: 4412:University of Maryland School of Public Policy 1420:National Research School in Classical Studies 1296:Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science 337:(Additional languages for language programmes) 4731: 4668:The Polish Institute of International Affairs 4320: 4205: 3950: 3810: 3647: 3464: 3440: 3173: 2883:"2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities" 2819:"2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings" 2675:"2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities" 2111:"Universiteit Leiden in cijfers en grafieken" 2105: 2103: 2101: 1256:The Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research 731:achieved a temperature only one degree above 642:against Spanish attacks in 1574. The name of 481:as the first university in the Netherlands. 4843:Science and technology in the Dutch Republic 4518:American University School of Public Affairs 2905:"World University Rankings by Subject(2022)" 1231:International Institute of Air and Space Law 4756:Oriental Languages and Civilizations France 3271:The Netherlands Institute for the Near East 2955:"Leiden Spinoza and Stevin Prize laureates" 2360: 2136:"Leiden University basic elements: Colours" 1927:List of early modern universities in Europe 1338:Leiden Institute for the Study of Religion 83: 37: 4738: 4724: 4536:KU Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 4494:Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs 4327: 4313: 4212: 4198: 3957: 3943: 3817: 3803: 3654: 3640: 3471: 3457: 3180: 3166: 3118:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3087:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3054: 3018: 2346:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2236: 2168:Acronyms related to the Dutch universities 2098: 1476: 1444:Pallas Institute for Cultural Disciplines 1428:Dutch Postgraduate School for Art History 1222:International Institute for Asian Studies 1168:Centre for Law in the Information Society 1152:Centre for Science and Technology Studies 1079:Research schools and affiliated institutes 739:and has played a role in the discovery of 369: 3095: 2323: 1403:Netherlands Research School for Astronomy 1354:Leiden University Centre for Linguistics 1127:Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) 818: 419: 391: 4746:Consortium for Asian and African Studies 4578:Federal Academy of Public Administration 4446:Wagner Graduate School of Public Service 3059:. Translated by Eyck, John R.J. Leiden. 1394:Netherlands Institute for the Near East 1313:Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition 1195:Leiden University Institute for History 1108:Academy of Creative and Performing Arts 1082: 1065: 1048: 1021:, are not awarded at Leiden University. 1004: 950: 942: 934: 926: 888: 822: 750: 610: 602: 591: 538:League of European Research Universities 4606:Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology 4395:Indiana University Maurer School of Law 2722:"CWTS Leiden Ranking 2023 – PP top 10%" 2697:"CWUR – World University Rankings 2023" 2592:"Leiden Academy on Vitality and Ageing" 1264:Leiden Centre for Molecular BioScience 1061: 919:also has a branch at Campus The Hague. 543:The university has produced twenty-six 14: 4828:1575 establishments in the Netherlands 4805: 4541:Danish School of Public Administration 2269:Aldersey-Williams, Hugh (2020-09-03). 2232: 2230: 1288:Leiden Graduate School for Archeology 1280:Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing 4719: 4573:University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne 4506:Schar School of Policy and Government 4308: 4193: 3938: 3798: 3635: 3452: 3439: 3187: 3161: 2957:. Leiden University. 3 September 2021 2514:"Institute of Environmental Sciences" 2264: 2262: 1802:, professor of Medieval History, and 1070:Leiden Observatory of the university. 719:was discovered at the institution by 4631:Willy Brandt School of Public Policy 4407:University of Maryland, College Park 4269:Institut d'Études Politiques de Lyon 3416: 2701:Center for World University Rankings 1386:Netherlands Institute of Government 931:The Leiden University Medical Centre 876:hundreds of years old, the Japanese 516:were active in Leiden and environs. 27:Public university in the Netherlands 4776:Oriental and African Studies London 4551:Institut national du service public 3256:Leiden University College The Hague 3246:Institute of Environmental Sciences 3025:. Leiden: Leiden University Press. 2747:"QS World University Rankings 2024" 2613:"LIACS (Advanced Computer Science)" 2227: 2083:. Leiden University. Archived from 1922:Leiden University College The Hague 1024: 1013:degree. Other degrees, such as the 999: 903:Leiden University College The Hague 884: 723:and shortly afterward explained by 526:Leiden University College The Hague 24: 4818:Buildings and structures in Leiden 3509:Eindhoven University of Technology 2985: 2978:– website of the Leiden University 2259: 1903:, all during the 1920s and 1930s. 1813: 1718:and Pieter Muysken, mathematician 1425:Onderzoekschool Kunstgeschiedenis 1304:Leiden Institute for Area Studies 1187:Leiden Graduate School of Science 1160:Research School for Legal Studies 25: 4864: 4610:Max Planck Institute of Economics 4367:USC Price School of Public Policy 4362:University of Southern California 3964: 3585:Protestant Theological University 3319:Parlementair Documentatie Centrum 3127: 2455:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913" 1362:Leiden University Medical Centre 1144:Centre for Language and Identity 871:(botanical garden) is the oldest 755:Leiden University Library in 1610 4555:École Nationale d'Administration 4289:Tallinn University of Technology 3564:University of Humanistic Studies 3415: 3402: 3401: 3261:Leiden University Medical Center 3220:List of Leiden University people 2794:"World University Rankings 2024" 2535:"Crisis and Security Management" 2113:. AlleCijfers.nl. Archived from 1701:List of Leiden University people 1454:Leiden Astronomical Observatory 917:Leiden University Medical Center 579:also studied at the university. 418: 411: 390: 383: 47: 4853:Universities in the Netherlands 4838:Education in the Dutch Republic 4336:Transatlantic Policy Consortium 4234:Corvinus University of Budapest 3480:Universities in the Netherlands 2969: 2947: 2922: 2897: 2875: 2850: 2825: 2811: 2786: 2761: 2739: 2714: 2689: 2667: 2647: 2626: 2605: 2584: 2569: 2548: 2527: 2506: 2485: 2473: 2447: 2428: 2408: 2354: 2317: 2293: 2202: 2176: 2156:Schrijfrichtlijnen: Afkortingen 1962:: William Brooks and Co. 1903. 1248:International Tax Centre (ITC) 1157:The Meijers Research Institute 922: 794: 536:, and a founding member of the 524:houses a liberal arts college ( 4766:Shanghai International Studies 4643:Delft University of Technology 4386:Indiana University Bloomington 3606:Catholic University of Utrecht 3504:Delft University of Technology 2885:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy 2677:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy 2161: 2158:– website of Leiden University 2149: 2044: 2030:: Georg Keck & Cie. 1910. 2012: 1976: 1944: 1854:Johannes Diderik van der Waals 1734:and Michel Orrit, astronomers 1322:Leiden Institute of Chemistry 801:Delft University of Technology 13: 1: 4489:University of Texas at Austin 4424:Suffolk University Law School 3824: 1937: 1695:Notable alumni and professors 1117:African Studies Centre Leiden 969:Governance and Global Affairs 852:'s Japanese collections. The 813:Duke University School of Law 746: 571:of the Netherlands including 4648:Erasmus University Rotterdam 4279:Erasmus University Rotterdam 3580:Nyenrode Business University 3539:Erasmus University Rotterdam 3499:Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 3389:Japan Prizewinners Programme 2798:Times Higher Education (THE) 2516:. Cml.leiden.edu. 2012-09-20 1850:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff 1782:, organisation psychologist 1746:, transplantation biologist 1330:Leiden Institute of Physics 1214:Institute of Biology Leiden 805:Erasmus University Rotterdam 588:Foundation and early history 7: 4685:King Juan Carlos University 4596:Hertie School of Governance 3529:Nijmegen Radboud University 3384:Himalayan Languages Project 3055:Otterspeer, Willem (2015). 3019:Otterspeer, Willem (2008). 2237:Otterspeer, Willem (2000). 1910: 1893:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje 10: 4869: 4833:Education in South Holland 4678:Instituto Superior TĂ©cnico 4465:University at Albany, SUNY 2749:. Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd 2556:"International Tax Centre" 1698: 1467:Van Vollenhoven Institute 1097: 789:Einstein-Bose condensation 582: 427:Leiden University (Europe) 4751: 4567:Paris-Sorbonne University 4528: 4342: 4229: 3974: 3834: 3669: 3598: 3572: 3486: 3446: 3441:Links to related articles 3397: 3371: 3327: 3314:Leiden University Library 3279: 3228: 3197: 3096:Schneppen, Heinz (1960). 2379:10.1002/9781119538349.ch6 1778:, cognitive psychologist 1688: 1675: 1662: 1649: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1614: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1575: 1562: 1549: 1536: 1523: 1510: 1497: 1492: 1483: 1409:N.W. Posthumus Instituut 850:Philipp Franz von Siebold 616:Leiden anatomical theatre 479:William, Prince of Orange 377: 368: 356: 341: 325: 317: 258: 246: 236: 226: 218: 208: 198: 186: 174: 163: 151: 141: 123: 110: 100: 78: 68: 55: 46: 35: 4700:University of Birmingham 4477:University of Pittsburgh 3611:University of Harderwijk 3229:Faculties and institutes 2976:Leiden's Nobel Laureates 2655:"Mathematical Institute" 1996:Hodges, Figgis & Co. 1897:Cornelis van Vollenhoven 1786:, chemical immunologist 841:Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 82: 74:Rijksuniversiteit Leiden 4690:Pompeu Fabra University 4501:George Mason University 4264:University of Liverpool 3514:University of Groningen 3494:University of Amsterdam 3355:Leiden Jerusalem Talmud 3297:Leiden Bio Science Park 3292:Hortus Botanicus Leiden 2634:"Brain & Cognition" 2537:. En.mastersinleiden.nl 2363:"Spinoza and Descartes" 2058:(in Dutch). 16 May 2017 2020:Actes du JubilĂ© de 1909 1477:Rankings and reputation 1378:Mathematical Institute 1136:Crisis Research Centre 878:Siebold Memorial Museum 545:Spinoza Prize Laureates 402:Show map of Netherlands 399:Location in Netherlands 129:; 449 years ago 62:Academia Lugduno-Batava 18:Leiden University Press 4771:Hankuk Foreign Studies 4259:University of Limerick 3621:University of Nijmegen 3616:University of Franeker 3362:Psalter of Saint Louis 3236:African Studies Centre 2996:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 2367:A Companion to Spinoza 2324:Schnappen, H. (1960). 2301:"Foundation documents" 1823:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz 1770:, social psychologist 1752:Marinus van IJzendoorn 1088: 1071: 1058: 956: 948: 940: 932: 894: 828: 819:Location and buildings 756: 729:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 725:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz 690:Gerhard Johann Vossius 621:In 1575, the emerging 618: 608: 600: 477:university in 1575 by 473:. It was founded as a 455: 321:Urban and College town 84: 60: 38: 4786:Tokyo Foreign Studies 4705:University of Glasgow 4616:University of Potsdam 4553:(as successor to the 4374:University of Georgia 4254:University of Louvain 3559:Wageningen University 3524:Maastricht University 3335:Homunculus loxodontus 1655:Arts & Humanities 1632:Global – Liberal arts 1459:The Europa Institute 1192:Historical Institute 1086: 1069: 1052: 1005:Undergraduate studies 954: 946: 938: 930: 892: 826: 754: 614: 606: 595: 362:universiteitleiden.nl 102:Motto in English 85:Libertatis Praesidium 4695:Jönköping University 4673:University of Lisbon 4626:University of Erfurt 4621:University of Bremen 4239:University of Geneva 3549:University of Twente 3287:Bibliotheca Thysiana 1882:Nicolaas Bloembergen 1862:Albert Szent-Györgyi 1808:Amerindian Languages 1062:Doctorate programmes 994:Behavioural sciences 864:have been restored. 706:Tiberius Hemsterhuis 631:University of Leuven 627:Habsburg Netherlands 567:are alumni, and ten 302:52.15694°N 4.48528°E 210:Administrative staff 153:Academic affiliation 127:8 February 1575 4638:Zeppelin University 4563:Sorbonne University 4513:American University 4453:Syracuse University 4441:New York University 4294:University of Vaasa 3379:Crayenborgh College 2833:"Leiden University" 2726:CWTS Leiden Ranking 2138:. 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Members of the 442:Leiden University 439: 438: 307:52.15694; 4.48528 249:Doctoral students 146:William of Orange 31:Leiden University 16:(Redirected from 4860: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4306: 4305: 4223: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4191: 4190: 4099:Louvain-la-Neuve 3968: 3959: 3952: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3828: 3819: 3812: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3656: 3649: 3642: 3633: 3632: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3437: 3436: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3410: 3405: 3404: 3307:Einstein's Chair 3241:Campus The Hague 3216: 3191: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3148:Official website 3142: 3139: 3138: 3136:Official website 3123: 3117: 3109: 3092: 3086: 3078: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3015: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2837:Top Universities 2829: 2823: 2822: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2636:. 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Rodopi. 1992. 2180: 2174: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2143: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2122: 2107: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2016: 2010: 2009: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1948: 1831:Willem Einthoven 1819:Kamerlingh Onnes 1754:, archeologists 1732:Dirk Bouwmeester 1585: 1493:Global – Overall 1488: 1481: 1480: 1095: 1094: 1025:Graduate studies 1000:Academic profile 899:Campus The Hague 885:Campus The Hague 873:botanical garden 869:Hortus Botanicus 809:Bilderberg Group 702:Herman Boerhaave 682:Jacobus Arminius 651:count of Holland 565:Willem-Alexander 486:Dutch Golden Age 444:(abbreviated as 431: 422: 421: 415: 403: 394: 393: 387: 373: 364: 349: 313: 312: 310: 309: 308: 303: 299: 296: 295: 294: 291: 242:12,395 (2021–22) 232:24,496 (2021–22) 222:37,136 (2021–22) 137: 135: 130: 95: 87: 51: 41: 33: 29: 21: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4747: 4744: 4714: 4709: 4524: 4338: 4333: 4303: 4298: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4188: 4183: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3933: 3928: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3793: 3788: 3665: 3660: 3630: 3625: 3594: 3568: 3534:Open University 3482: 3477: 3442: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3408: 3393: 3367: 3348:Leiden Glossary 3323: 3275: 3224: 3210: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3111: 3110: 3080: 3079: 3067: 3045: 3043: 3033: 3004: 2988: 2986:Further reading 2983: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2773:Thomson Reuters 2767: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2639: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2597: 2595: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2574: 2570: 2561: 2559: 2558:. 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