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982:, was convicted in 1986 of conspiracy in Ryan's murder. Temple defectors boarding the truck to Port Kaituma had said of Layton that "there's no way he's a defector. He's too close to Jones." Layton was the only former Temple member to be tried in the United States for criminal acts relating to the murders at Jonestown. He was convicted on four different murder-related counts.
1545:
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In
November 1978, Ryan led an investigative delegation to Jonestown as part of a government investigation, with governmental permission and funding, in his role as chair of a congressional subcommittee with jurisdiction over U.S. citizens living in foreign countries. He asked the other members of the
1114:
in
Washington, D.C., and served from 2001 to 2012 as executive director of the California Mental Health Directors Association (now the County Behavioral Health Directors Association of California). During the 1980s she became involved as a volunteer and eventually served as president of the board of
1047:
signed the bill. In Reagan's remarks about the medal, he said: "It was typical of Leo Ryan's concern for his constituents that he would investigate personally the rumors of mistreatment in
Jonestown that reportedly affected so many from his district." Ryan's daughters Patricia and Erin helped garner
925:
That night the media and the delegation returned to the airfield for accommodations after Jones refused to let them stay the night. The rest of the group remained. The next morning, Ryan, Speier, and Dwyer continued their interviews, and met a woman who secretly expressed her wish to leave
Jonestown
898:
That night the delegation stayed at a local hotel where, despite confirmed reservations, most of the rooms had been canceled and reassigned, leaving the delegation to sleep in the lobby. For three days, Ryan continued to negotiate with Jones's legal counsel and held perfunctory meetings with embassy
985:
On March 3, 1987, Layton was sentenced to concurrent sentences of life in prison for "aiding and abetting the murder of
Congressman Leo Ryan,"conspiracy to murder an internationally protected person, Richard Dwyer, Deputy Chief of Mission for the United States in the Republic of Guyana," as well as
930:
members. Around 3:00 p.m., 14 Temple defectors, and Larry Layton posing as a defector, boarded a truck and were taken to the airstrip, with Ryan wishing to stay another night to assist any others who wanted to leave. Shortly thereafter, a knife attack on Ryan failed while he was arbitrating a
947:
The entire group left
Jonestown and arrived at the Kaituma airstrip by 4:45 p.m. Their exit transport planes, a twin-engine Otter and a Cessna, did not arrive until 5:10 p.m. The smaller six-seat Cessna was taxiing to the end of the runway when one of its occupants, Larry Layton, opened
817:
The investigative group was initially to consist only of press and a few members of Ryan's staff, but once the media learned of the trip the entourage ballooned to include, among others, concerned relatives of Temple members. Ryan traveled to
Jonestown with 17 Bay Area relatives of Peoples Temple
955:
That afternoon, before the news became public, the wife of Ryan's aide
William Holsinger received three threatening phone calls. The caller allegedly said, "Tell your husband that his meal ticket just had his brains blown out, and he better be careful." The Holsingers then fled to Lake Tahoe and
822:
TV team. When Jones's legal counsel attempted to impose restrictive conditions on the visit, Ryan responded that he would go to
Jonestown whether Jones permitted it or not. Ryan's stated position was that a "settlement deep in the bush might be reasonably run on authoritarian lines" but that its
633:
of 1965, Ryan went to the area and took a job as a substitute school teacher to investigate and document conditions there. In 1970, using a pseudonym, Ryan had himself arrested, detained, and strip-searched to investigate conditions in
California's prisons. He stayed for ten days as an inmate at
742:
enclaves. Ryan was friends with the father of former Temple member Bob Houston, whose mutilated body was found near train tracks on October 5, 1976, three days after a taped telephone conversation with Houston's ex-wife in which they discussed his leaving the Temple. Ryan's interest was further
951:
Concurrently, several other Peoples Temple members who had escorted the group out began to open fire on the transport plane, killing Ryan, three journalists and a defecting Temple member, while wounding nine others, including Speier. The gunmen riddled Ryan's body with over 20 bullets before
902:
While in Georgetown, Ryan visited the Temple's Georgetown headquarters in the suburb of Lamaha Gardens. He asked to speak to Jones by radio. Sharon Amos, the highest-ranking Temple member present, told Ryan that he could not, because his visit was unscheduled. On November 17, Ryan's aide
451:, Ryan took a job as a substitute school teacher to investigate and document conditions in the Los Angeles area. In 1970, he launched an investigation into California prisons. While presiding as chairman of the Assembly committee that oversaw prison reform, he used a pseudonym to enter
1207:
There are those – still, thirty years after his passing – who question his motives, or the wisdom of his actions. But criticism was just fine with Leo. Leo Ryan never did anything because he thought it would make him popular. He was more interested in doing what he knew was
907:(who became a Congresswoman in 2008), the United States embassy Deputy Chief of Mission Richard Dwyer, a Guyanese Ministry of Information officer, nine journalists, and four Concerned Relatives representatives of the delegation boarded a small plane for the flight to
922:(mistaking him for Ryan) a note that read "Vernon Gosney and (Temple member) Monica Bagby: please help us get out of Jonestown." Jones was made aware of the note, and Gosney tried and failed to impress upon Ryan the extreme danger that his delegation was now in.
967:
could cut through the jungle and reach Jonestown. They discovered 909 of its inhabitants dead after consuming grape Flavor-aid mixed with several poisons. They died in what the United States House of Representatives described as a "mass suicide/murder ritual."
768:
in Guyana where Jones and roughly 1,000 Temple members resided. His decision was also influenced both by the Concerned Relatives group, which consisted primarily of Californians, as did the Temple, and by his own distaste for social injustice. According to the
1168:
Near the end of the memorial service, parents of those who had died in Jonestown stood to honor and thank Ryan for giving his life while trying to save their children. After the service ended, mounted police escorted the family and friends into Foster City's
486:
Jonestown settlement. He was shot and killed at an airstrip on November 18, as he and his party were attempting to leave. Shortly after the airstrip shootings, 909 members of the Jonestown settlement died in a mass murder–suicide by drinking cyanide-laced
645:, his eventual successor in the House. Ryan pushed through significant educational policies and authored what came to be known as the Ryan Act, which established an independent regulatory commission to monitor educational credentialing in California.
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4107:
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Other members of the House of Representatives have been killed while in office, although not as assassination attempts; others have been the target of deliberate assassination attempts, albeit without success to date. See
990:
denied Layton's motion to set aside the conviction "on the ground that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel during his second trial". After 18 years in prison, Layton was released from custody in April 2002.
782:
The State Department characterized possible United States government action in Guyana against Jonestown as a potential "legal controversy", but Ryan at least partially rejected this viewpoint. In a later article in
2419:
Zane, Maitland (November 13, 1998). "Surviving the Heart of Darkness: Twenty years later, Jackie Speier remembers how her companions and rum helped her endure the night of the Jonestown massacre".
834:, the capital of Guyana, 150 miles (240 km) from Jonestown, with his congressional delegation of government officials, media representatives and some members of the "Concerned Relatives."
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Ryan is the only member of Congress to have been killed in the line of duty and was posthumously recognized in the 1980s with a congressional award presented by then-President Ronald Reagan.
987:
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until 1992. She next worked in New York as a pastry chef for eight years. In 2000, Erin Ryan became an aide to her father's former aide, California Senator Jackie Speier.
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Jonestown Paradise Lost: Congressman Leo Ryan's fatal journey into "Jonestown," a community carved out of the jungles of Guyana by followers of pastor Jim Jones
1030:. Ryan's younger sister Shannon said she was surprised both by the number of supporters who attended the funeral and by the "outgrowth of real, honest sorrow".
1498:: a study mission report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, 15 pages, published by United States Government Print Office, 1975
3310:, Text of the act issuing the Congressional Gold Medal and an FBI report summary as well as an article on both Jones and his involvement and the investigation
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shooting him in the face. The passengers on the Cessna subdued Layton and the survivors on both planes fled into nearby fields during and after the attack.
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in 1964 and 1968 and held his Assembly seat until 1972, when he was elected to the United States House of Representatives. He was reelected three times.
1504:: report of a study mission to the Middle East from October 22 to November 3, 1973, 76 pages, published by United States Government Print Office, 1973
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1492:: report of a study mission to Europe, August 5–27, 1975, pursuant to H. Res. 315, 22 pages, published by United States Government Print Office, 1975
3203:
747:, and Jones following a Congressional "white paper" by Stoen detailing the events. Ryan was one of 91 congressmen to write Guyanese Prime Minister
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At first, only the Temple legal counsel was allowed off the plane, but eventually the entire entourage, including Gordon Lindsay, reporting for
2068:
1203:
signed it into law on October 21, 2008. On November 17, 2008, Speier spoke at the dedication ceremony at the post office. In part, she said,
1902:
Haddock, Vicki (November 16, 2003). "Jackie Speier – moving on, moving up; Survivor of Jonestown ambush plans run for lieutenant governor".
4192:
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Sudol, Karen (November 24, 2004). "Keeping her brother's memory alive : Rep. Ryan's sister won't let people forget him or Jonestown".
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family dispute on leaving. Against Ryan's protests, Dwyer ordered Ryan to leave, but he promised to return later to address the dispute.
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3053:"President Bush Signs H.R. 3511, H.R. 4010, H.R. 4131, H.R. 6558, H.R. 6681, H.R. 6834, H.R. 6847, H.R. 6902, and H.R. 6982 Into Law"
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with her family and another family. Around 11:00 a.m., the media and the delegation returned and took part in interviewing
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that leaking a state secret was an appropriate way for a member of Congress to block an "ill-conceived operation". He supported
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1233:
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1066:, Ryan's former aide, was elected to the California State Senate. In 2008, she won a special election to the US Congress from
614:, winning the 27th district race by 20,000 votes. He had run for the Assembly's 25th district in 1958, but lost to Republican
2862:
806:
Bay Area congressional delegation to join him on the trip to Jonestown, but they all declined. Ryan also invited his friend,
779:"repeatedly stonewalled Ryan's attempts to find out what was going on in Jonestown" and told him that "everything was fine".
4162:
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1176:
The same year, his daughter Erin Ryan, an aide to Speier, attended a memorial for those who died at Jonestown, held at the
2721:, 666 F.Supp. 1369, No. CR-80-416 RFP. U.S. (United States District Court, N.D. California. June 3, 1987).
3688:
2732:"The Campaign to Release Larry Layton from Federal Prison – Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple"
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4132:
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reported, "Over and over today, people described a great man who continually exceeded his constituents' expectations."
543:
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Endicott, William (January 12, 1981). "Leo Ryan's Daughter Joins Cult : Shannon Jo Ryan Follows Religious Guru".
2747:
Leo J. Ryan – Memorial Services – Held In The House Of Representatives & Senate Of The U.S., Together With Remarks
1745:
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Leo J. Ryan – Memorial Services – Held In The House Of Representatives & Senate Of The U.S., Together With Remarks
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As a California assemblyman, Ryan also chaired legislative subcommittee hearings and presided over hearings involving
918:, was allowed in. Initially, the group was warmly welcomed, but Temple member Vernon Gosney handed NBC correspondent
776:
3052:
1103:. Taking the name Ma Amrita Pritam, by December 1982 she had married another member, who also lived at the commune.
4077:
2788:"Statement on Signing the Bill Authorizing a Congressional Gold Medal Honoring the Late Representative Leo J. Ryan"
421:
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1268:(2008), which aired on the 30th anniversary of Ryan's assassination and the mass suicides at Jonestown. In 2012,
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629:, who later served in Congress, described Ryan's style of investigation as "experiential legislating". After the
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2851:, November 30, 1984, v107 pC4 col 5 (10 col in), "Leo Ryan honored. (with Medal of Honor)" Jacqueline Trescott.
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2009:
1984:
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475:, passed in 1974, which requires the president of the United States to report covert CIA activity to Congress.
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Larry Layton (born January 11, 1946), brother of Deborah Layton, a former Peoples Temple member and author of
823:
residents must be allowed to come and go as they pleased. He further asserted that if the place had become "a
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In 1962 Ryan was elected mayor of South San Francisco. He served less than a year before being elected to the
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15 years in prison on other related counts. He was eligible for parole in five years. On June 3, 1987, the
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Delevett, Peter (November 15, 2003). "Two children remember fathers' legacies 25 years after Jonestown".
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2601:"Ex-Cult Member Convicted In Death of Rep. Leo Ryan : '78 Shooting Led to Jonestown Mass Suicide".
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to investigate the inhumane killing of seals, and became famous for his vocal criticism of the lack of
1630:"Thirty-five years later, Ryan remains the only U.S. representative to be killed in the line of duty."
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1641:"Congressional Gold Medal Recipients | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"
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2458:. Report of a Staff Investigative Group to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. United States Congress.
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3031:"H.R. 6982: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 210 South ..."
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Decoding the Past: Cults: Dangerous Devotion: Scholars and survivors discuss the mystery of cults
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aired the sixth-season episode "Jonestown Cult Suicide", which recreated Ryan's assassination.
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Ryan has been portrayed in films about the Jonestown mass murder/suicide, including by actor
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On the 25th anniversary of Ryan's death, a special memorial tribute was held in his honor in
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went to the residence of Prime Minister Burnham. It was not until the next morning that the
581:, and chaperoned the marching band in 1961 to Washington, D.C., to participate in President
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420:(May 5, 1925 – November 18, 1978) was an American teacher and politician. A member of the
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Political Campaign Craftsmanship: A Professional's Guide to Campaigning for Public Office
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1161:. His family and friends, including his three daughters and Jackie Speier, attended. The
635:
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Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations of the CIA and FBI
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551:
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
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1816:"A Trip Into The Heart Of Darkness: Always larger than life, Leo Ryan courted danger"
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Trescott, Jacqueline (November 30, 1984). "Leo Ryan honored (with Medal of Honor)".
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After taking off, the Cessna radioed in a report of the attack, and U.S. Ambassador
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in his honor, through a Congressional bill passed unanimously and signed by Reagan.
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aroused by the custody battle between the leader of a "Concerned Relatives" group,
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325:
787:, Ryan was described as having "bucked the local Democratic establishment and the
638:
while presiding as chairman on the Assembly committee that oversaw prison reform.
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2167:
1977:
Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic
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491:. Ryan was the second sitting member of the U.S. House of Representatives to be
3853:
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Dearen, Jason (November 18, 2003). "Erin Ryan wants father to be appreciated".
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1070:, much of it formerly Ryan's constituency. Since 2013, it has been the state's
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to investigate claims that people were being held against their will at the
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Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]
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On the 25th anniversary of the Jonestown Massacre and Ryan's assassination
1026:. His official Congressional Memorial Services were compiled into a book,
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2139:
Executive Privilege: The Dilemma of Secrecy and Democratic Accountability
1149:
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673:, which would have required extensive CIA notification of Congress about
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1613:"The Forgotten, Non-Kool-Aid-Drinking Victims of the Jonestown Massacre"
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Official Congressional photo from Ryan's first term as Congressman, 1973
3793:
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Joint Committee On Printing; United States Government Printing (1979).
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moved to Oregon in 1981, she joined his commune, which became known as
1043:, as the only member of Congress killed in the line of duty; President
811:
732:
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2897:
Staff. (December 22, 1982). "Leo Ryan's Daughter Weds Guru Disciple".
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Congressional Foreign Affairs Committee report on Ryan's assassination
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3395:
1870:
The Politics of Punishment: A Critical Analysis of Prisons in America
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support for the medal in time for the fifth anniversary of his death.
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Drew, Bettina (February 1, 1999). "Indiana Jones's Temple of Doom".
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Secret and Sanctioned: covert operations and the American presidency
988:
United States District Court for the Northern District of California
3249:
Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History
2691:
Legal Responses to International Terrorism: U.S. procedural aspects
2351:
Salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple, and Jonestown
2217:
Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History
2084:
The Politics of National Security: Congress and U.S. Defense Policy
1781:
1462:
USA/From Where We Stand: Readings in Contemporary American Problems
1191:
For the 30th anniversary, Speier sponsored a bill to designate the
1173:. A wreath was laid next to a commemorative rock that honors Ryan.
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523:
2830:
Herald Staff (July 11, 1983). "People Update: Pat and Erin Ryan".
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List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office
1574:
List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office
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State Department" in order to prepare for his own investigation.
1091:
Shannon Jo Ryan (born 1952), Ryan's eldest daughter, joined the
1039:
In 1983, the United States Congress posthumously awarded Ryan a
2672:
Staff (December 2, 1986). "Layton Guilty in Guyana Shootings".
2002:
Warriors of the Rainbow: A Chronicle of the Greenpeace Movement
739:
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Ryan's body was returned to the United States and interred at
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522:. During his early life his family moved frequently, through
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The United States oil shortage and the Arab-Israeli conflict
455:
as an inmate. During his time in Congress, Ryan traveled to
2555:
Cults in Our Midst: The Hidden Menace in Our Everyday Lives
827:", he would do everything he could to "free the captives."
729:
463:. He was also known for his vocal criticism of the lack of
39:
2057:. Original from the University of California. p. 112.
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Patricia Ryan (born 1953) received her master's degree in
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in 1951. He served as a teacher, school administrator and
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Democratic Party members of the California State Assembly
3189:
2544:
1579:
List of United States Congress members who died in office
915:
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3320: (archived June 27, 2007), 2003, Press release from
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Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People
2914:"Dad 'would understand' why she lives with cult group".
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Stepping Over: personal encounters with young extremists
1947:
Teacher Education Policy: narratives, stories, and cases
1002:
Chapter 124 was named the Leo J. Ryan Memorial chapter.
577:
city councilman from 1956 to 1962. He taught English at
3072:
2979:
2977:
2651:"Layton Convicted for Role in 1978 Jonestown Killing".
2334:, 2000, Jonestown Institute, San Diego State University
1343:
1972 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)
1327:
1974 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)
1311:
1976 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)
1295:
1978 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)
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3251:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
2986:"Tribute to congressman Leo Ryan held in Foster City"
1240:
His assassination was discussed in the documentaries
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in Oakland. On each anniversary of Leo Ryan's death,
1124:
University of California, Hastings College of the Law
1051:
In 1984, the National Archives and Records Center in
62:
4173:
South American politicians assassinated in the 1970s
3669:
3302:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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1199:, the "Leo J. Ryan Post Office Building". President
830:
On November 14, Ryan left Washington and arrived in
689:, delivered Hearst's application for a presidential
585:'s inaugural parade. Ryan was inspired by Kennedy's
432:
from 1973 until his assassination just prior to the
2053:. School of Advanced International Studies (1989).
1496:
Vietnam and Korea: Human rights and U.S. assistance
1429:
1958 election for California State Assembly (AD 25)
1416:
1962 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)
1403:
1964 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)
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1966 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)
1377:
1968 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)
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1354:Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 2.6%
1338:Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 2.9%
1322:Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 3.5%
1306:Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 3.9%
934:
2693:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 169–170.
2004:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 439, 441.
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3545:Understanding California Government and Politics
3240:Understanding California Government and Politics
2718:United States of America v. Laurence John Layton
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1473:Understanding California Government and Politics
3925:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple
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3137:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple
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2195:
2193:
2191:
1361:1970 Race for California State Assembly (AD 27)
1243:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple
943:Camera-shot by Bob Brown (NBC) of Temple gunmen
3337:, Election History for the State of California
2489:
1897:
1895:
1828:
1770:
1126:and worked as an intelligence analyst for the
3655:
3459:
2429:
2214:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
971:
4168:United States Navy personnel of World War II
2829:
2707:
2615:
2501:
2477:
2462:
2454:; Foreign Affairs Committee (May 15, 1979).
2344:
2342:
2340:
2237:
2188:
2082:Ellis, W. Philip; Barry M. Blechman (1992).
818:members, several newspaper reporters and an
78:January 3, 1973 – November 18, 1978
4148:People from South San Francisco, California
3170:(Documentary). A&E Television Networks.
3155:(Documentary). A&E Television Networks.
3050:
2934:
2932:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2297:Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader
2174:. Doubleday Publishing. pp. 440, 441.
1979:. University of Toronto Press. p. 48.
1918:
1892:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1569:List of Congressional Gold Medal recipients
513:
3662:
3648:
3466:
3452:
2984:Bay City News Report (November 18, 2003).
2860:
2854:
2210:
2208:
2142:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p.
2067:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1651:
1195:facility at 210 South Ellsworth Avenue in
653:During his time in Congress, Ryan went to
129:January 7, 1963 – January 3, 1973
38:
2958:A Guide to Deep Thinking in a Shallow Age
2863:"Voters send Jackie Speier to Washington"
2688:
2524:. Universal-Publishers.com. p. 392.
2383:Standing Firm: A Vice-Presidential Memoir
2348:
2337:
2255:
1564:List of assassinated American politicians
1184:and Patricia Ryan visit his grave at the
716:In 1978, reports of widespread abuse and
648:
294:
57:U.S. House of Representatives
4073:Burials at Golden Gate National Cemetery
3426:California's 11th congressional district
3324:, California 12th Congressional District
3011:
2929:
2879:
2812:
2403:
2086:. Oxford University Press. p. 146.
1943:
1798:
1148:
1137:
1082:
1068:California's 12th congressional district
1009:
948:fire on those inside, wounding several.
938:
596:
587:call to service in his inaugural address
430:California's 11th congressional district
263:
3028:
2519:
2205:
2024:
1923:. Transaction Publishers. p. 209.
1901:
760:, Ryan declared his intention to go to
701:
436:in 1978. Before that, he served in the
4025:
3960:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones
3120:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones
2938:
2896:
2522:Crime: Computer Viruses to Twin Towers
2452:United States House of Representatives
2377:
2290:
2135:
1999:
1974:
1865:
1610:
1490:NATO, pressures from the southern tier
1372:John Lynch (American Independent) 3.8%
1335:Brainard G. "Bee" Merdinger (R), 21.3%
1234:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones
810:Congressman and future Vice President
794:
605:
589:and decided to run for higher office.
3643:
3447:
2955:
2890:
2819:. p. v107 pC4 col 5 (10 col in).
2763:
2757:
2671:
2106:
1813:
1212:
1122:Erin Ryan (born 1958) graduated from
3341:Congressman Leo J Ryan Memorial Page
3246:
3237:
3075:"Leo J. Ryan Post Office Dedication"
2633:
2568:
2418:
2357:. xvii, 11, 139, 151, 167–168, 186.
1611:Peters, Justin (November 18, 2013).
1289:
1281:
1033:
911:, a few miles outside of Jonestown.
4193:20th-century California politicians
4083:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
3242:. Palo Alto, CA: Fearon Publishers.
3134:Stanley Nelson (October 20, 2006).
2960:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 82.
1840:Vassar, Alex; Shane Meyers (2007).
1231:in the 1980 made-for-TV miniseries
618:. Ryan served as a delegate to the
19:For the Australian footballer, see
13:
4143:Politicians from Lincoln, Nebraska
3290:
2907:
2861:Wildermuth, John (April 9, 2008).
1449:
899:personnel and Guyanese officials.
861:
14:
4204:
4178:Assassinated national legislators
4098:Critics of the Unification Church
4063:Assassinated American politicians
4053:20th-century American legislators
3328:
3204:"Seconds From Disaster: Series 6"
1814:Simon, Mark (November 17, 1998).
847:
777:United States Department of State
696:
4188:Politicians assassinated in 1978
4128:Military personnel from Nebraska
3520:
2925:. November 20, 1984. p. A6.
2558:. Jossey Bass. pp. 28, 237.
1543:
1529:
1515:
1153:Leo J. Ryan Post Office Building
1133:
874:
860:
846:
839:
375:
357:
298:
267:
4183:20th-century American educators
4058:American people murdered abroad
3694:Peoples Temple in San Francisco
3473:
3196:
3174:
3159:
3144:
3140:(Documentary). Firelight Media.
3127:
3107:
3088:
3066:
3044:
3022:
3005:
2949:
2873:
2840:
2823:
2806:
2738:
2724:
2682:
2665:
2644:
2627:
2611:. December 2, 1986. p. A5.
2594:
2562:
2538:
2513:
2371:
2322:
2284:
2249:
2160:
2129:
2100:
2075:
2043:
2018:
1993:
1968:
1937:
1912:
1859:
1670:"Ryan, Leo Joseph, (1925–1978)"
935:Jungle ambush and assassination
875:
712:Peoples Temple in San Francisco
561:Ryan graduated from Nebraska's
459:to investigate the practice of
290:
259:
16:American politician (1925–1978)
4158:United States Navy submariners
4153:Schoolteachers from California
4118:Mayors of places in California
2576:. Praeger/Greenwood. pp.
2574:: The Crimes of True Believers
2546:Singer, Ph.D., Margaret Thaler
1764:
1734:
1709:
1684:
1633:
1604:
1590:
620:Democratic National Convention
1:
3421:U.S. House of Representatives
3404:U.S. House of Representatives
3231:
3209:National Geographic Australia
3073:Congresswoman Jackie Speier.
2689:Bassiouni, M. Cherif (1998).
2219:. New Brunswick, New Jersey:
1944:Gideonse, Hendrik D. (1992).
1186:Golden Gate National Cemetery
1020:Golden Gate National Cemetery
789:Jimmy Carter administration's
775:, while he investigated, the
738:, began to filter out of its
223:Golden Gate National Cemetery
4012:Jim Jones in popular culture
4002:Mary Pearl Willis Foundation
3952:Guyana: Crime of the Century
3512:Leo J. Ryan Federal Building
3166:The History Channel (2006).
3151:The History Channel (2006).
3097:Guyana: Crime of the Century
2025:Olmsted, Kathryn S. (1996).
1919:Schwartzman, Edward (1989).
1874:. Harper & Row. p.
1224:Guyana: Crime of the Century
1193:United States Postal Service
1112:George Washington University
1078:
1057:Leo J. Ryan Federal Building
754:After reading an article in
542:, in 1943. He then received
7:
4163:United States Navy officers
4103:Deaths by firearm in Guyana
4088:Creighton University alumni
3490:11th congressional district
2622:Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
2520:Milhorn, H. Thomas (2004).
2508:Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
2496:Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
2484:Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
2472:Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
2256:McConnell, Malcolm (1984).
2244:Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
2200:Reiterman & Jacobs 1982
1508:
1398:Robert N. Miller (R), 43.1%
1128:Central Intelligence Agency
1072:14th congressional district
994:
667:Central Intelligence Agency
540:Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin
471:(CIA), and co-authored the
469:Central Intelligence Agency
10:
4209:
2107:Knott, Stephen F. (1996).
1975:Wenzel, George W. (1991).
1866:Wright, Erik Olin (1973).
1746:"Campion Knights Notables"
1742:Campion Jesuit High School
1717:Campion Jesuit High School
1692:Campion Jesuit High School
1369:John R. Sherman (R), 23.1%
972:Conviction of Larry Layton
798:
757:The San Francisco Examiner
705:
536:Campion Jesuit High School
478:In 1978, Ryan traveled to
18:
4133:People murdered in Guyana
3982:
3943:
3916:
3909:
3866:
3771:
3745:
3714:
3707:
3681:
3614:
3593:
3570:
3554:
3529:
3518:
3507:Leo J. Ryan Memorial Park
3499:
3481:
3432:
3417:
3409:
3402:
3392:
3376:
3368:
3361:
3095:René Cardona Jr. (1979).
2349:Chidester, David (2003).
2029:. UNC Press. p. 45.
1842:"Leo J. Ryan, Democratic"
1424:Andrew C. Byrd (R), 36.5%
1351:Charles E. Chase (R), 37%
1252:Cults: Dangerous Devotion
1171:Leo J. Ryan Memorial Park
1144:Leo J. Ryan Memorial Park
1005:
612:California State Assembly
592:
442:the state's 27th district
438:California State Assembly
411:
395:
387:
370:
352:
347:
336:
317:
309:
238:
228:
218:
208:Manner of death
207:
190:
166:
161:
157:
145:
133:
122:
110:California State Assembly
106:
94:
82:
71:
53:
49:
37:
30:
3933:Jonestown: Paradise Lost
3578:Congressional Gold Medal
3350:Leo J Ryan Memorial park
3308:Congressional Gold Medal
2956:Tuman, Myron C. (2002).
2916:The Chronicle-Telegram,
2569:Snow, Robert L. (2003).
2355:Indiana University Press
2136:Rozell, Mark J. (1994).
2051:Johns Hopkins University
1672:. United States Congress
1584:
1559:Cult § Destructive cults
1434:Louis Francis (R), 50.6%
1257:Jonestown: Paradise Lost
1087:Shannon Jo Ryan in 1981.
1041:Congressional Gold Medal
693:to the Pardon Attorney.
514:Early life and education
508:Congressional Gold Medal
341:Congressional Gold Medal
4078:Catholics from Nebraska
3746:Congressional entourage
3538:USA/From Where We Stand
3354:Foster City, California
3269:; Jacobs, John (1982).
3123:(Film). CBS Television.
2991:San Francisco Chronicle
2422:San Francisco Chronicle
2202:, pp. 299–300, 457
2170:; Alvin Moscow (1980).
2113:Oxford University Press
2000:Hunter, Robert (1979).
1950:. SUNY Press. pp.
1905:San Francisco Chronicle
1821:San Francisco Chronicle
1411:Andrew C. Byrd (R), 31%
1163:San Francisco Chronicle
1159:Foster City, California
772:San Francisco Chronicle
718:human rights violations
663:Congressional oversight
554:from 1943 to 1946 as a
465:congressional oversight
4093:Critics of Scientology
4048:1978 murders in Guyana
3990:Cult Awareness Network
3247:Hall, John R. (1987).
3212:. 2012. Archived from
2751:United States Congress
2331:American as Cherry Pie
2221:Transaction Publishers
2215:Hall, John R. (1987).
1666:United States Congress
1437:Leo J. Ryan (D), 49.4%
1421:Leo J. Ryan (D), 63.5%
1395:Leo J. Ryan (D), 56.9%
1382:Leo J. Ryan (D), 99.8%
1366:Leo J. Ryan (D), 73.2%
1348:Leo J. Ryan (D), 60.4%
1332:Leo J. Ryan (D), 75.8%
1316:Leo J. Ryan (D), 61.1%
1300:Leo J. Ryan (D), 60.5%
1210:
1154:
1146:
1117:Cult Awareness Network
1088:
1015:
944:
687:Senator S. I. Hayakawa
649:United States Congress
602:
534:. Ryan graduated from
493:assassinated in office
4113:Filmed assassinations
3996:Drinking the Kool-Aid
3562:Hughes–Ryan Amendment
3238:Ryan, Leo J. (1966).
3015:San Jose Mercury News
2264:Reader's Digest Press
1484:Congressional reports
1385:Will Slocum (I), 0.2%
1303:Dave Welch (R), 35.6%
1275:Seconds From Disaster
1205:
1197:San Mateo, California
1152:
1141:
1108:public administration
1086:
1053:San Bruno, California
1024:San Bruno, California
1013:
942:
671:Hughes–Ryan Amendment
669:(CIA), authoring the
600:
579:Capuchino High School
526:, Florida, New York,
473:Hughes–Ryan Amendment
388:Years of service
21:Leo Ryan (footballer)
4068:Bates College alumni
3910:Films and television
3186:Witness to Jonestown
2749:. Washington, D.C.:
2302:Blackwell Publishing
1784:. pp. 491–492.
1752:on February 15, 2006
1523:United States portal
1408:Leo J. Ryan (D), 69%
1319:Bob Jones (R), 35.4%
1266:Witness to Jonestown
909:Port Kaituma Airport
890:class=notpageimage|
766:agricultural commune
702:First investigations
563:Creighton University
550:and served with the
546:officer training at
322:Creighton University
3486:U.S. Representative
3380:California Assembly
3363:California Assembly
2900:The Washington Post
2883:The Washington Post
2848:The Washington Post
2816:The Washington Post
2794:. November 18, 1983
2661:. December 2, 1986.
2604:The Washington Post
2168:Hearst, Patricia C.
1270:National Geographic
1248:The History Channel
795:Travel to Jonestown
751:on Stoen's behalf.
636:Folsom State Prison
606:State of California
575:South San Francisco
453:Folsom State Prison
426:U.S. representative
424:, he served as the
418:Leo Joseph Ryan Jr.
171:Leo Joseph Ryan Jr.
4007:Evergreen Cemetery
3784:William M. Branham
3583:List of recipients
3101:Universal Pictures
2172:Every Secret Thing
1846:JoinCalifornia.com
1465:, paperback book,
1213:In popular culture
1178:Evergreen Cemetery
1155:
1147:
1089:
1016:
1000:Veterans for Peace
945:
893:Jonestown, Guyana.
603:
552:United States Navy
434:Jonestown massacre
382:United States Navy
61:from California's
4020:
4019:
3978:
3977:
3875:Black & White
3862:
3861:
3637:
3636:
3624:Wikimedia Commons
3586:
3488:for California's
3442:
3441:
3433:Succeeded by
3393:Succeeded by
3372:Glenn E. Coolidge
3115:William A. Graham
3051:The White House.
2790:(Press release).
2767:Asbury Park Press
2498:, pp. 482–84
1721:"Campion Forever"
1696:"Campion Knights"
1645:history.house.gov
1477:Fearon Publishers
1467:Fearon Publishers
1446:
1445:
1282:Electoral history
1221:in the 1979 film
1093:Rajneesh movement
1034:Legacy and honors
685:, and along with
677:. Ryan once told
675:covert operations
520:Lincoln, Nebraska
518:Ryan was born in
415:
414:
194:November 18, 1978
184:Lincoln, Nebraska
140:Glenn E. Coolidge
4200:
3983:Related articles
3914:
3913:
3899:A Thousand Lives
3891:Seductive Poison
3814:Marshall Kilduff
3712:
3711:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3580:
3524:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3445:
3444:
3410:Preceded by
3369:Preceded by
3359:
3358:
3286:
3262:
3243:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3216:on March 6, 2013
3200:
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2923:Associated Press
2911:
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1551:Biography portal
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1518:
1290:
1260:(2006), and the
1014:Ryan's headstone
979:Seductive Poison
878:
877:
864:
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422:Democratic Party
380:
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280:Florence Mehaffy
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3331:
3322:Rep. Tom Lantos
3318:Wayback Machine
3293:
3291:Further reading
3283:
3259:
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3188:(Documentary).
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2942:Oakland Tribune
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2389:. p. 176.
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2328:Rebecca Moore,
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2115:. p. 176.
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2792:Ronald Reagan
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3804:Jesus Christ
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1750:the original
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1724:. Retrieved
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683:Patty Hearst
655:Newfoundland
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506:awarded the
504:posthumously
501:
477:
461:seal hunting
457:Newfoundland
446:
417:
416:
403:World War II
396:Battles/wars
343:(posthumous)
201:Port Kaituma
196:(1978-11-18)
147:Succeeded by
124:
96:Succeeded by
73:
44:Ryan in 1977
25:
4043:1978 deaths
4038:1925 births
3834:Harvey Milk
3555:Legislation
3492:(1973–1978)
3475:Leo J. Ryan
2997:January 24,
2798:January 24,
2379:Quayle, Dan
2304:. pp.
2055:SAIS Review
1851:January 25,
1756:January 24,
1726:January 24,
1701:January 24,
1676:January 24,
1264:production
1246:(2006), on
691:commutation
679:Dick Cheney
631:Watts riots
449:Watts riots
181:May 5, 1925
135:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
4027:Categories
3794:The Buddha
3763:Don Harris
3619:Wikisource
3430:1973–1978
3390:1963–1973
3282:0525241361
3275:. Dutton.
3258:0887381243
3232:References
3034:Retrieved
2967:1401052290
2700:0898389313
2637:The Nation
2587:0275980529
2531:1581124899
2396:0061093904
2364:025321632X
2315:1405101814
2277:0883491664
2266:. p.
2230:0887381243
2181:0385170564
2153:0801849004
2122:0195100980
2093:0195077059
2036:0807845620
2011:0030437415
1986:0802068901
1961:0791410552
1952:49, 50, 65
1930:088738742X
1624:October 1,
1229:Ned Beatty
1219:Gene Barry
920:Don Harris
868:Georgetown
832:Georgetown
812:Dan Quayle
643:Tom Lantos
625:Ryan aide
556:submariner
489:Flavor Aid
353:Allegiance
297:;
266:;
233:Democratic
177:1925-05-05
4138:Jonestown
3819:Mark Lane
3699:Jonestown
3671:Jim Jones
3396:Lou Papan
3387:district
3383:from the
3297:Biography
2063:cite book
1618:Slate.com
1227:, and by
1079:Daughters
1062:In 1998,
854:Jonestown
801:Jonestown
762:Jonestown
736:Jim Jones
728:, led by
722:Jonestown
528:Wisconsin
510:in 1983.
502:Ryan was
499:in 1868.
391:1943–1946
318:Education
152:Lou Papan
125:In office
114:from the
74:In office
4033:Leo Ryan
3753:Leo Ryan
3682:Timeline
3673:and the
3629:Wikquote
3500:Tributes
3184:(2008).
3117:(1980).
3099:(Film).
2552:(1995).
2381:(1995).
2294:(2003).
1782:ABC-CLIO
1774:(2014).
1509:See also
995:Memorial
524:Illinois
495:, after
310:Children
203:, Guyana
118:district
67:district
32:Leo Ryan
3715:Members
3689:I-Hotel
3581: (
3316:at the
1286:Source
1097:Bhagwan
882:Kaituma
808:Indiana
724:at the
665:of the
565:with a
467:of the
303:
287:
283:
272:
256:
252:
239:Spouses
3971:(2013)
3963:(1980)
3955:(1979)
3936:(2007)
3928:(2006)
3902:(2011)
3894:(1999)
3886:(1982)
3878:(1980)
3708:People
3594:People
3571:Awards
3279:
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2867:SFGATE
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1479:(1966)
1469:(1970)
1441:
1208:right.
1006:Burial
740:Guyana
733:leader
593:Career
530:, and
480:Guyana
362:
337:Awards
293:
262:
186:, U.S.
3883:Raven
3867:Books
3772:Other
3530:Books
3424:from
3182:MSNBC
1585:Notes
1455:Books
1262:MSNBC
1110:from
825:gulag
764:, an
657:with
428:from
289:(
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258:(
254:
3385:27th
3277:ISBN
3253:ISBN
3222:2018
3082:2008
3060:2008
3038:2008
2999:2007
2962:ISBN
2800:2007
2695:ISBN
2582:ISBN
2526:ISBN
2391:ISBN
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2310:ISBN
2272:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2176:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2117:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2069:link
2031:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1956:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1853:2007
1786:ISBN
1758:2007
1728:2007
1703:2007
1678:2007
1626:2014
1254:and
730:cult
710:and
571:M.S.
567:B.A.
544:V-12
299:div.
295:1976
268:div.
264:1948
191:Died
167:Born
116:27th
64:11th
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3190:NBC
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