272:
3415:
3362:пудкъад and кьудкъад) and putting the remaining number afterwards. This way 24 for instance is къанни кьуд ("20 and 4"), and 37 is къанни цӏерид ("20 and 17"). Numbers over 40 are formed similarly (яхцӏур becomes яхцӏурни). 60 and 80 are treated likewise. For numbers over 100 just put a number of hundreds, then (if need be) the word with a suffix, then the remaining number. 659 is thus ругуд вишни яхцӏурни цӏекӏуьд. The same procedure follows for 1000. 1989 is агьзурни кӏуьд вишни кьудкъанни кӏуьд in Lezgi.
4750:
5862:
297:
201:
188:
3361:
Lezgian numerals work in a similar fashion to the French ones, and are based on the vigesimal system in which "20", not "10", is the base number. "Twenty" in
Lezgian is "къад", and higher numbers are formed by adding the suffix -ни to the word (which becomes "къанни" - the same change occurs in
2507:(ending -кай ; added to the Ergative): means either 'from below', 'from', '(from) against', 'with' or 'out of' (partitive). It is also used to mark Y in the construction 'X becomes out-of-Y' and can express the topic of a sentence ('about') or the cause of emotions.
2447:(ending -з ; added to the Ergative): usually marks the indirect object of sentences, that is the recipient of an action. It is also used to mark the subject of some verbs (mainly about emotions) and to express a point of time and direction.
2425:(basic form of the word, no ending): marks the subject of an intransitive verb and the direct object of a transitive sentence. It is also used to mark a nominal predicate (who or what something turns into/becomes) and as a
4954:
923:
There are 54 consonants in
Lezgian. Characters to the right are the letters of the Lezgian Cyrillic Alphabet. Aspiration is not normally indicated in the orthography, despite the fact that it is phonemic.
4776:
5055:
2435:(various endings; the most common are: -ди, -a or -е; , which are added to the Absolutive): marks the subject of transitive verbs, and the subject of some compound intransitive verbs.
4966:
2547:(ending -лди ; added to the Inessive): means 'onto', 'until', 'in' (when followed by an adjective), as an instrumental case (e.g. language) or instructive with abstract nouns.
4995:
5050:
4980:
4944:
2483:(ending -хъ ; added to the Ergative): means 'behind', 'at', 'toward', 'in exchange for', and 'with.' In a construction with the verb ава (ava), it expresses possession.
4949:
4938:
5002:
4803:
5075:
4926:
2544:
2492:
5377:
4933:
4916:
2538:
2510:
2466:(ending -вай ; added to the Ergative): expresses movement from somewhere. It is also used with the verb 'to be able' and to express an accidental action.
5030:
5041:
4253:
2513:(ending -кди ; added to the Ergative): expresses cause (never motion under), and can mean 'because' or 'of' (when in sentences such as 'the man died
2504:
5098:
5065:
5025:
4961:
4921:
2441:(ending -н ; added to the Ergative): marks possession. It is also used with the meaning 'of'. The genitive case precedes the noun that it modifies.
5070:
3718:
4990:
4470:
448:
In 2002, Lezgian was spoken by about 397,000 people in Russia, mainly
Southern Dagestan; in 1999 it was spoken by 178,400 people in mainly the
3750:
2086:
Lezgian has been written in several different alphabets over the course of its history. These alphabets have been based on three scripts:
5397:
4796:
437:
307:
4215:
3358:
Nouns following a number are always in the singular. Numbers precede the noun. "Сад" and "кьвед" lose their final "-д" before a noun.
4220:
4207:
In Russia, the
Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.
3472:
6208:
5370:
6188:
4789:
4771:
3709:
4246:
3637:
854:
3696:
3444:
2015:
1981:
329:
6228:
5363:
4463:
1707:
3743:
3666:
3454:
6238:
6218:
6213:
6198:
4239:
1886:
1581:
1844:
862:
747:
716:
609:
Some dialects differ heavily from the standard form, including the Quba and Akhty dialects spoken in
Azerbaijan.
319:
6162:
4556:
4347:
3723:
846:
910:
Chitoran and
Babaliyeva show, at least for Babaliyeva in her native Yargun dialect, pre-tonic high vowels are
6248:
6233:
6107:
5801:
5473:
4812:
4753:
4456:
1787:
1518:
870:
688:
108:
229:
6223:
6203:
5060:
4611:
4605:
4210:
3736:
1858:
1745:
1553:
878:
730:
389:
895:
891:
887:
840:
834:
808:
802:
798:
5637:
5168:
4623:
1958:
1679:
814:
667:
6243:
4725:
4151:
1999:
1930:
1164:
1150:
801:
has two main allophones: and ; the former prevails in closed syllables (especially before uvulars and
761:
453:
3630:
Proceedings of the 16th
International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Saarbrücken, Germany, August 2007
2476:, but also sometimes used with its original meaning, 'in the direction of', and more rarely 'near by'.
5386:
4393:
1902:
1759:
1502:
876:
868:
860:
852:
844:
812:
686:
677:
3414:
6097:
5484:
4820:
4144:
4068:
4061:
1224:
699:
6157:
5925:
5870:
4709:
4362:
4262:
4115:
4094:
4075:
3979:
3819:
3812:
1807:
1196:
1089:
1075:
2535:(ending -л ; added to the Inessive): means 'on', and also to express the cause of some emotions.
867:
in pre-stress syllables. In the environment of labialized consonants /e/ is often pronounced as
5530:
4866:
4521:
4516:
4108:
4101:
3857:
2460:(ending -в ; added to the Ergative): marks the object of some verbs to mean 'by', 'to', 'with'.
1398:
1384:
945:
6140:
4083:
2489:(ending -хъай ; added to the Ergative): can either mean 'from' or the cause of fear or shame.
2044:
1972:
1033:
1019:
6152:
6057:
5828:
5410:
4659:
4479:
4276:
3925:
3832:
1458:
1109:
3622:
8:
6167:
5454:
5420:
3933:
3759:
2410:, produced by agglutinating suffixes, of which 12 are still used in spoken conversation.
1733:
1644:
1616:
1488:
1430:
1347:
1319:
1287:
1273:
911:
5955:
5838:
5626:
5157:
4591:
4561:
4498:
4493:
4138:
4004:
3974:
3918:
3872:
3491:
3469:
565:
528:
465:
131:
4600:
262:
6092:
6016:
5971:
5901:
5881:
5782:
5757:
5704:
5525:
5520:
5507:
5425:
5326:
5301:
5249:
4861:
4856:
4843:
4668:
4654:
4649:
4616:
4533:
4409:
4332:
4317:
4045:
3959:
3662:
3643:
3633:
3450:
2473:
1063:
967:
952:
469:
425:
3706:
325:
6193:
6067:
6062:
6007:
5988:
5981:
5976:
5950:
5942:
5906:
5889:
5811:
5740:
5716:
5677:
5597:
5582:
5547:
5516:
5502:
5285:
5254:
5218:
5112:
5036:
4883:
4852:
4838:
4684:
4414:
4372:
4367:
4185:
4175:
4123:
4055:
4040:
4020:
3989:
3852:
3847:
3837:
3773:
2541:(ending -лай ; added to the Inessive): means 'off', 'after' or 'than' (comparison).
2532:
2486:
2469:
2407:
2081:
962:
940:
935:
819:
after labialized consonants, which may then lose their labialization. For example,
580:
553:
547:
359:
113:
6115:
6049:
6024:
5911:
5833:
5821:
5753:
5749:
5728:
5650:
5587:
5577:
5572:
5560:
5555:
5492:
5430:
5297:
5293:
5266:
5187:
5093:
5045:
4973:
4911:
4895:
4828:
4664:
4628:
4596:
4571:
4566:
4528:
4437:
4357:
4307:
4302:
4190:
4170:
4128:
4050:
4035:
4025:
3999:
3946:
3887:
3882:
3867:
3862:
3842:
3806:
3796:
3713:
3656:
3476:
2480:
2422:
2095:
2035:
1012:
957:
585:
457:
163:
118:
100:
4781:
6134:
6034:
6029:
5846:
5816:
5762:
5691:
5672:
5655:
5616:
5605:
5511:
5346:
5306:
5236:
5213:
5197:
5147:
5124:
5007:
4847:
4585:
4581:
4352:
4337:
4292:
4088:
3994:
3984:
3969:
3964:
3954:
3939:
3897:
3801:
3791:
2526:
2498:
2463:
600:
590:
575:
570:
461:
449:
156:
127:
57:
2523:(endings -а or -е ; added to Absolutive): means 'at', 'in' or 'during/whilst'.
2495:(ending -хъди ; added to the Ergative): rarely used case, meaning 'toward(s)'.
6182:
6039:
5917:
5766:
5699:
5565:
5537:
5497:
5463:
5444:
5310:
5244:
4985:
4873:
4833:
4766:
4689:
4679:
4575:
4432:
4297:
4133:
4030:
3912:
3892:
3827:
3647:
3402:
2520:
2457:
2451:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2087:
1944:
1916:
1872:
1821:
1773:
1693:
1630:
1567:
1472:
1444:
1412:
1361:
1333:
1301:
1238:
1210:
1178:
1123:
1004:
992:
980:
635:
5355:
3446:
Political
Organization in Central Asia and Azerbaijan: Sources and Documents
2529:(endings -ай or -ей ; added to Inessive): means 'out of' or 'in return for'.
2501:(ending -к ; added to the Ergative): means either 'below' or 'participates'.
6087:
5993:
5787:
5721:
5660:
5631:
5449:
5436:
5331:
5259:
5192:
5162:
4377:
4322:
4194:
4180:
3902:
3877:
2091:
1252:
595:
485:
409:
167:
4312:
4231:
246:
4673:
3701:
3379:
2444:
2406:(also called "grammatical gender"). Standard Lezgian grammar features 18
661:
653:
630:
3558:
4448:
3443:
Babak, Vladimir; Vaisman, Demian; Wasserman, Aryeh (23 November 2004).
3407:
2403:
741:
640:
501:
497:
477:
473:
417:
413:
405:
71:
3728:
3661:. Mouton Grammar Library 9. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
5930:
5861:
4327:
710:
512:
424:, and other countries. It is a much-written literary language and an
271:
255:
239:
221:
2402:
Lezgian is unusual for a
Northeast Caucasian language in not having
296:
5894:
5389:
5272:
4730:
532:
505:
429:
397:
337:
206:
67:
46:
520:
5710:
4735:
4633:
3505:
493:
489:
393:
333:
81:
472:
provinces of northeastern
Azerbaijan. Lezgian is also spoken in
3592:
516:
481:
433:
421:
401:
304:
193:
3719:
Lezgian basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
377:
6102:
527:
regions of Turkey especially in Kirne (Ortaca), a village in
524:
3691:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3517:
3470:
UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
368:
3623:"An acoustic description of high vowel syncope in Lezgian"
336:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
374:
3591:Талибов Б. Б., Гаджиев М. М. Лезгинско-русский словарь.
3546:
3529:
3575:
3573:
3442:
531:
which touches the western coast, being south-west of
380:
371:
33:
365:
3570:
362:
3620:
3564:
3511:
2472:(ending -вди ; added to the Ergative): used as an
606:These have the same names as their ethnic groups.
4811:
3628:. In Jürgen Trouvain; William John Barry (eds.).
6180:
3676:Talibov, Bukar B.; Gadžiev, Magomed M. (1966).
538:The total number of speakers is about 800,000.
3675:
5385:
5371:
4797:
4464:
4247:
3744:
2101:The Lezgian Cyrillic alphabet is as follows:
2049:
2020:
2004:
1986:
1963:
1949:
1935:
1921:
1907:
1891:
1877:
1863:
1849:
1826:
1812:
1792:
1778:
1764:
1750:
1712:
1698:
1684:
1649:
1635:
1621:
1586:
1572:
1558:
1523:
1507:
1477:
1463:
1449:
1435:
1417:
1403:
1389:
1366:
1352:
1338:
1324:
1306:
1292:
1278:
1257:
1243:
1229:
1215:
1201:
1183:
1169:
1155:
1128:
1114:
1094:
1080:
1038:
1024:
894:may be deleted and the vowel nasalized. Thus
820:
27:
3486:
3484:
3380:"Lezgi Language, Alphabet and Pronunciation"
4261:
3621:Chitoran, Ioana; Babaliyeva, Ayten (2007).
303:Lezgian is classified as Vulnerable by the
5378:
5364:
4804:
4790:
4471:
4457:
4254:
4240:
3751:
3737:
3654:
3604:
3579:
3552:
3540:
3523:
2574:
2571:
443:
295:
270:
3481:
890:sequence is not followed by a vowel, the
4478:
3680:. Moskva: Izd. Sovetskaja Ėnciklopedija.
3432:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
438:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
308:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4775:) is being considered for merging. See
3758:
330:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
6181:
432:. It is classified as "vulnerable" by
45:
5359:
4785:
4452:
4235:
3732:
3427:
932:
2558:There are two types of declensions.
811:is very often rounded and raised to
541:
2561:
2260:The Latin alphabet was as follows:
13:
6139:Languages between parentheses are
4403:Formerly spoken minority languages
3430:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
3396:
14:
6260:
4779:to help reach a consensus. ›
3685:
2043:
2014:
1998:
1980:
1957:
1943:
1929:
1915:
1901:
1885:
1871:
1857:
1843:
1820:
1806:
1786:
1772:
1758:
1744:
1706:
1692:
1678:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1580:
1566:
1552:
1517:
1501:
1471:
1457:
1443:
1429:
1411:
1397:
1383:
1360:
1346:
1332:
1318:
1300:
1286:
1272:
1251:
1237:
1223:
1209:
1195:
1177:
1163:
1149:
1122:
1108:
1088:
1074:
1032:
1018:
760:
746:
729:
715:
698:
676:
666:
5860:
4749:
4748:
4221:Mass media by language of Russia
4216:Knowledge in languages of Russia
3724:Lezgian Dictionary + Mobile apps
3413:
2418:The four grammatical cases are:
805:), the latter in open syllables.
358:
199:
186:
3692:Lezgi-Russian online dictionary
3614:
3598:
3585:
784:
283:(represented in small areas by
6209:Languages of Georgia (country)
6143:of the language on their left.
4014:Languages with official status
3565:Chitoran & Babaliyeva 2007
3512:Chitoran & Babaliyeva 2007
3492:"Enthnologue report for Lezgi"
3463:
3436:
3421:
3372:
775:
552:Nine languages survive in the
408:; and to a much lesser degree
1:
6189:Northeast Caucasian languages
4813:Northeast Caucasian languages
4772:Northeast Caucasian languages
3707:Languages of the World report
3365:
2959:
2553:
918:
3494:. Ethnologue.com. 1999-02-19
2969:The numbers of Lezgian are:
2075:
612:
390:Northeast Caucasian language
34:
16:Northeast Caucasian language
7:
3702:Notes on the Lezgi language
10:
6265:
4726:Language policy in Ukraine
3475:February 17, 2010, at the
2964:
2397:
2079:
2050:
2021:
2005:
1987:
1964:
1950:
1936:
1922:
1908:
1892:
1878:
1864:
1850:
1827:
1813:
1793:
1779:
1765:
1751:
1713:
1699:
1685:
1650:
1636:
1622:
1587:
1573:
1559:
1524:
1508:
1478:
1464:
1450:
1436:
1418:
1404:
1390:
1367:
1353:
1339:
1325:
1307:
1293:
1279:
1258:
1244:
1230:
1216:
1202:
1184:
1170:
1156:
1129:
1115:
1095:
1081:
1039:
1025:
851:in stressed syllables and
821:
545:
28:
6229:Languages of Turkmenistan
6125:
6080:
6048:
6015:
6006:
5964:
5941:
5880:
5869:
5858:
5800:
5775:
5739:
5690:
5596:
5546:
5483:
5472:
5409:
5396:
5340:
5319:
5284:
5235:
5206:
5180:
5140:
5133:
5120:
5111:
5086:
5018:
4904:
4891:
4882:
4819:
4744:
4718:
4702:
4642:
4549:
4542:
4509:
4486:
4425:
4402:
4394:Azerbaijani Sign Language
4386:
4285:
4269:
4205:
4163:
4013:
3782:
3766:
3678:Lezginsko-russkij slovar'
2568:
2034:
1971:
1732:
1487:
1062:
1011:
966:
961:
956:
951:
944:
939:
934:
639:
634:
629:
627:
617:
511:Some speakers are in the
316:
294:
269:
253:
237:
219:
214:
181:Official language in
179:
174:
153:
97:
87:
77:
63:
53:
41:
26:
21:
6098:Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
4777:templates for discussion
3697:Appendix:Cyrillic script
2413:
6239:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
6219:Languages of Uzbekistan
6214:Languages of Kazakhstan
6199:Languages of Azerbaijan
6158:Languages of Azerbaijan
4764:
4710:Ukrainian Sign Language
4263:Languages of Azerbaijan
3655:Haspelmath, M. (1993).
444:Geographic distribution
396:, who live in southern
3632:. pp. 2153–2156.
3567:, pp. 2154, 2156.
3428:Bauer, Laurie (2007).
928:Consonants of Lezgian
554:Lezgic language family
392:. It is spoken by the
318:This article contains
281: Lezgin language
6249:Vulnerable languages
6234:Languages of Ukraine
6163:Languages of Georgia
6153:Languages of Armenia
4510:Indigenous languages
4480:Languages of Ukraine
3658:A Grammar of Lezgian
790:in Russian loanwords
721:⟨е, э⟩
276:Distribution of the
47:[lezɡitʃʼal]
6224:Languages of Turkey
6204:Languages of Russia
6168:Languages of Russia
5061:Southwestern Dargwa
5056:Sanakari–Chakhrizhi
4211:Languages of Russia
3785:of federal subjects
3760:Languages of Russia
2545:Superdirective case
2450:There are fourteen
929:
907:can be pronounced .
624:
500:by immigrants from
289:) in North Caucasus
109:Northeast Caucasian
93:630,000 (2020)
5638:Caucasian Albanian
5169:Caucasian Albanian
4543:Minority languages
4487:Official languages
4286:Minority languages
3712:2016-03-03 at the
3526:, pp. 28, 31.
2493:Postdirective case
927:
682:⟨уь⟩
623:Vowels of Lezgian
622:
529:Balikesir Province
6244:Lezgian languages
6176:
6175:
6135:extinct languages
6076:
6075:
6002:
6001:
5856:
5855:
5796:
5795:
5353:
5352:
5347:extinct languages
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5107:
5106:
4762:
4761:
4698:
4697:
4446:
4445:
4270:Official language
4229:
4228:
4197:
4152:Southern Yukaghir
4145:Northern Yukaghir
3822:
3815:
3639:978-3-9811535-0-7
3605:Haspelmath (1993)
3580:Haspelmath (1993)
3411:(25th ed., 2022)
3356:
3355:
2957:
2956:
2539:Superelative case
2511:Subdirective case
2474:instrumental case
2408:grammatical cases
2395:
2394:
2258:
2257:
2073:
2072:
1839:
1740:
1672:
1609:
1546:
1495:
1379:
1268:
1145:
1070:
1007:
1000:
995:
988:
983:
976:
771:
770:
766:⟨а⟩
752:⟨я⟩
735:⟨o⟩
704:⟨у⟩
694:⟨ы⟩
672:⟨и⟩
656:
649:
542:Related languages
426:official language
344:
343:
326:rendering support
322:phonetic symbols.
6256:
6013:
6012:
5878:
5877:
5864:
5481:
5480:
5407:
5406:
5387:Languages of the
5380:
5373:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5138:
5137:
5118:
5117:
5034:
4999:
4970:
4958:
4942:
4930:
4889:
4888:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4752:
4751:
4547:
4546:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4415:Eastern Armenian
4256:
4249:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4189:
4186:Mongolian script
4176:Cyrillic Braille
4154:
4147:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4078:
4071:
4064:
3949:
3942:
3928:
3921:
3818:
3811:
3767:Federal language
3753:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3681:
3672:
3651:
3627:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3488:
3479:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3376:
2972:
2971:
2566:
2565:
2562:First declension
2533:Superessive case
2487:Postelative case
2470:Addirective case
2263:
2262:
2104:
2103:
2098:(1938–present).
2082:Lezgin alphabets
2053:
2052:
2047:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1670:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1607:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1544:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1143:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
930:
926:
906:
903:
900:
897:
893:
889:
886:if a vowel plus
882:
874:
866:
858:
850:
842:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
823:
818:
810:
804:
800:
791:
788:
782:
779:
767:
764:
753:
750:
736:
733:
722:
719:
705:
702:
695:
692:
683:
680:
673:
670:
652:
647:
625:
621:
548:Lezgic languages
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
310:
299:
282:
280:
274:
265:
249:
242:
233:
232:
224:
205:
203:
202:
192:
190:
189:
159:
103:
49:
37:
31:
30:
19:
18:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6146:
6121:
6116:Shirvani Arabic
6072:
6044:
6025:Karachay-Balkar
5998:
5960:
5937:
5872:
5865:
5852:
5804:
5792:
5771:
5735:
5686:
5592:
5542:
5476:
5468:
5431:Judaeo-Georgian
5413:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5354:
5349:
5336:
5315:
5280:
5223:
5202:
5176:
5129:
5103:
5082:
5028:
5014:
4993:
4974:Literary Dargwa
4964:
4952:
4950:Northern Dargin
4936:
4924:
4900:
4878:
4815:
4810:
4780:
4763:
4758:
4740:
4714:
4694:
4638:
4538:
4505:
4482:
4477:
4447:
4442:
4438:Shirvani Arabic
4421:
4398:
4382:
4281:
4265:
4260:
4230:
4225:
4201:
4159:
4150:
4143:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4074:
4069:Southern Khanty
4067:
4062:Northern Khanty
4060:
4009:
3945:
3938:
3924:
3917:
3883:Karachay-Balkar
3784:
3783:State languages
3778:
3762:
3757:
3714:Wayback Machine
3688:
3669:
3640:
3625:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3590:
3586:
3578:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3553:Haspelmath 1993
3551:
3547:
3541:Haspelmath 1993
3539:
3530:
3524:Haspelmath 1993
3522:
3518:
3514:, p. 2153.
3510:
3506:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3477:Wayback Machine
3468:
3464:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3368:
2967:
2962:
2564:
2556:
2505:Subelative case
2481:Postessive case
2423:Absolutive case
2416:
2400:
2094:(1928–38), and
2090:(before 1928),
2084:
2078:
947:
921:
904:
901:
898:
831:
828:
825:
795:
794:
789:
785:
780:
776:
765:
751:
734:
720:
703:
693:
681:
671:
620:
615:
550:
544:
446:
361:
357:
324:Without proper
312:
311:
302:
290:
278:
277:
261:
245:
238:
228:
227:
220:
200:
198:
187:
185:
182:
175:Official status
160:
155:
149:
104:
101:Language family
99:
90:
89:Native speakers
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6262:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6144:
6137:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6095:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6054:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6010:
6004:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5886:
5884:
5875:
5867:
5866:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5808:
5806:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5760:
5746:
5744:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5714:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5653:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5608:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5514:
5505:
5500:
5489:
5487:
5478:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5433:
5417:
5415:
5404:
5394:
5393:
5383:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5360:
5351:
5350:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5304:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5039:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4947:
4931:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4850:
4841:
4836:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4809:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4786:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4703:Sign languages
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4609:
4606:Southern Kresy
4603:
4594:
4589:
4579:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4551:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4387:Sign languages
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:Southern Mansi
4112:
4105:
4098:
4095:Northern Mansi
4086:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4076:Eastern Khanty
4072:
4065:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3820:Southern Altai
3816:
3813:Northern Altai
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3686:External links
3684:
3683:
3682:
3673:
3667:
3652:
3638:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3597:
3584:
3569:
3557:
3545:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3480:
3462:
3455:
3435:
3420:
3395:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:q'udq'adnitsud
3321:
3320:къудкъадницlуд
3317:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2937:Superdirective
2934:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2527:Inelative case
2524:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2499:Subessive case
2496:
2490:
2484:
2477:
2467:
2464:Adelative case
2461:
2452:Locative cases
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2415:
2412:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2080:Main article:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1954:
1940:
1926:
1912:
1898:
1896:
1882:
1868:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1783:
1769:
1755:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1703:
1689:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1640:
1626:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1577:
1563:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1514:
1512:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1454:
1440:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1408:
1394:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1357:
1343:
1329:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1297:
1283:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1248:
1234:
1220:
1206:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1174:
1160:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1119:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1085:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1029:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1001:
996:
989:
984:
977:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
943:
938:
933:
920:
917:
916:
915:
908:
884:
838:
806:
793:
792:
783:
773:
772:
769:
768:
758:
756:
754:
744:
738:
737:
727:
725:
723:
713:
707:
706:
696:
684:
674:
664:
658:
657:
650:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
619:
616:
614:
611:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
546:Main article:
543:
540:
445:
442:
349:, also called
342:
341:
328:, you may see
314:
313:
301:
300:
292:
291:
275:
267:
266:
259:
251:
250:
243:
235:
234:
225:
217:
216:
215:Language codes
212:
211:
210:
209:
183:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
170:(historically)
161:
157:Writing system
154:
151:
150:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
107:
105:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
65:
61:
60:
58:North Caucasus
55:
54:Native to
51:
50:
43:
39:
38:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6261:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
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6217:
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6210:
6207:
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6059:
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5957:
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5927:
5924:
5920:
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5915:
5914:
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5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5868:
5863:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5837:
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5832:
5831:
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5827:
5823:
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5813:
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5809:
5807:
5803:
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5789:
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5778:
5774:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5748:
5747:
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5742:
5738:
5730:
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5723:
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5718:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
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5659:
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5657:
5654:
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5646:
5640:
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5635:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5381:
5376:
5374:
5369:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5003:Upper Mulebki
5001:
4997:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Murego–Gubden
4979:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4940:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:North-Central
4903:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4802:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4755:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4517:Crimean Tatar
4515:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4196:
4195:Kalmyk script
4192:
4191:Buryat script
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4109:Eastern Mansi
4106:
4103:
4102:Western Mansi
4099:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:Crimean Tatar
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3668:3-11-013735-6
3664:
3660:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3566:
3561:
3555:, p. 35.
3554:
3549:
3543:, p. 32.
3542:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3520:
3513:
3508:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3456:9781135776817
3452:
3449:. Routledge.
3448:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3352:one thousand
3351:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2769:Postdirective
2768:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2567:
2559:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:Inessive case
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:Adessive case
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:Genitive case
2437:
2434:
2433:Ergative case
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2390:
2387:
2384:
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2250:
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2239:
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2222:
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2209:
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2199:
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2176:
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2046:
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2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1941:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1913:
1904:
1899:
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1888:
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1021:
1016:
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1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
978:
973:
972:
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964:
959:
954:
949:
942:
937:
931:
925:
913:
909:
885:
880:
872:
864:
856:
848:
843:is more open
839:
837:becomes or .
816:
807:
797:
796:
787:
778:
774:
763:
759:
757:
755:
749:
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184:
178:
173:
169:
165:
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158:
152:
138:
135:
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125:
124:
123:Eastern Samur
122:
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116:
115:
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111:
110:
106:
102:
96:
92:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
42:Pronunciation
40:
36:
25:
20:
6130:
6114:
6088:Kalmyk Oirat
5994:Pontic Greek
5916:
5845:
5709:
5636:
5621:
5437:Old Georgian
5435:
5414:(Kartvelian)
5401:
5342:
5271:
5167:
5152:
5087:Kaitag–Shari
5076:Upper Vurqni
5051:Amuzgi–Shiri
4945:Usisha–Butri
4770:
4643:Unrecognized
4342:
4181:Latin script
4084:Komi-Permyak
3907:
3677:
3657:
3629:
3615:Bibliography
3607:, p. 74
3600:
3587:
3560:
3548:
3519:
3507:
3496:. Retrieved
3465:
3445:
3438:
3429:
3423:
3406:
3398:
3387:. Retrieved
3384:omniglot.com
3383:
3374:
3360:
3357:
3347:
3339:one hundred
3334:
3310:
3286:
3262:
3238:
3225:
3212:
3199:
3186:
3173:
3160:
3147:
3134:
3121:
3108:
3095:
3082:
3069:
3056:
3043:
3030:
3017:
3004:
2991:
2978:
2968:
2951:
2943:
2930:
2922:
2916:Superelative
2909:
2901:
2888:
2880:
2867:
2859:
2846:
2838:
2832:Subdirective
2825:
2817:
2804:
2796:
2784:buabajriqʰdi
2783:
2780:буабайрихъди
2775:
2762:
2754:
2741:
2733:
2720:
2712:
2699:
2691:
2678:
2670:
2657:
2649:
2636:
2628:
2615:
2607:
2594:
2586:
2557:
2514:
2417:
2404:noun classes
2401:
2259:
2100:
2085:
922:
786:
777:
608:
605:
560:
551:
537:
510:
486:Turkmenistan
447:
410:Turkmenistan
404:); northern
354:
350:
346:
345:
317:
285:
284:
254:
136:
6058:Azerbaijani
5029: [
4994: [
4965: [
4953: [
4937: [
4925: [
4765:‹ The
4660:Azerbaijani
4277:Azerbaijani
3970:Yakut/Sakha
3833:Azerbaijani
3582:, p. 2
3296:пудкъадцlуд
3275:jaxtsurtsud
2895:Superessive
2847:bubajrikʰdi
2826:bubajrikʰaj
2763:bubajriqʰaj
2759:бубайрихъай
2748:Postelative
2706:Addirective
2517:a disease'.
2445:Dative case
1973:Approximant
332:instead of
6183:Categories
5829:Circassian
5485:Avar–Andic
5455:Mingrelian
4821:Avar–Andic
4669:Carpathian
4557:Belarusian
4550:Recognized
3498:2013-12-15
3408:Ethnologue
3389:2021-01-08
3366:References
3299:pudqadtsud
3209:цlемуьжуьд
3204:seventeen
2960:Vocabulary
2952:bubajraldi
2948:бубайралди
2931:bubajralaj
2927:бубайралай
2843:бубайрикди
2839:bubadikʰdi
2822:бубайрикай
2818:bubadikʰaj
2811:Subelative
2776:bubadiqʰdi
2772:бубадихъди
2755:bubadiqʰaj
2751:бубадихъай
2727:Postessive
2721:bubajrivdi
2717:бубайривди
2700:bubajrivaj
2696:бубайривай
2580:Absolutive
2554:Declension
919:Consonants
912:syncopated
835:/k’ʷat͡ʃʰ/
502:Azerbaijan
498:Uzbekistan
478:Kyrgyzstan
474:Kazakhstan
418:Kazakhstan
414:Uzbekistan
406:Azerbaijan
72:Azerbaijan
35:lezgi č’al
29:лезги чӏал
6141:varieties
6133:indicate
5956:Ukrainian
5931:Judeo-Tat
5839:Kabardian
5802:Northwest
5647:Southern
5627:Tabasaran
5477:(Caspian)
5474:Northeast
5421:Karto-Zan
5398:Caucasian
5345:indicate
5158:Tabasaran
4592:Hungarian
4562:Bulgarian
4494:Ukrainian
4328:Judeo-Tat
4005:Ukrainian
3975:Tabasaran
3873:Kabardian
3648:254169296
3272:яхцlурцуд
3230:nineteen
3217:eighteen
3213:ts’emyʒud
3187:ts’urugud
3165:fourteen
3152:thirteen
3135:ts’iqʷ’ed
2944:bubadaldi
2940:бубадалди
2923:bubadalaj
2919:бубадалай
2874:Inelative
2835:бубадикди
2814:бубадикай
2805:bubajrikʰ
2790:Subessive
2742:bubajriqʰ
2738:бубайрихъ
2713:bubadivdi
2709:бубадивди
2692:bubadivaj
2688:бубадивай
2685:Adelative
2572:Singular
2076:Alphabets
1838:voiceless
1734:Fricative
1608:aspirated
1545:voiceless
1489:Affricate
1267:aspirated
1144:voiceless
781:Dialectal
648:unrounded
613:Phonology
566:Tabasaran
513:Balikesir
256:Glottolog
240:ISO 639-3
222:ISO 639-2
132:Tabasaran
78:Ethnicity
6149:See also
6103:Assyrian
6093:Lomavren
5972:Armenian
5902:Ossetian
5895:Kurmanji
5873:European
5805:(Pontic)
5783:Khinalug
5758:Khwarshi
5743:(Didoic)
5669:Western
5613:Eastern
5526:Chamalal
5521:Godoberi
5508:Bagvalal
5426:Georgian
5390:Caucasus
5327:Khinalug
5302:Khwarshi
5273:Orstkhoy
5181:Southern
5019:Southern
4934:Tsudaqar
4917:Gapshima
4862:Chamalal
4857:Godoberi
4844:Bagvalal
4767:template
4754:Category
4731:Balachka
4655:Armenian
4650:Albanian
4617:Moldovan
4612:Romanian
4534:Krymchak
4522:dialects
4499:dialects
4410:Armenian
4333:Khinalug
4318:Georgian
4171:Cyrillic
4139:Yukaghir
4046:Karelian
3960:Ossetian
3710:Archived
3473:Archived
3307:кьудкъад
3302:seventy
3263:jaxts’ur
3226:ts’ek’yd
3222:цlекlуьд
3191:sixteen
3183:цlуругуд
3178:fifteen
3161:ts’iq’ud
3131:цlикьвед
2910:bubajral
2906:бубайрал
2889:bubajraj
2885:бубайрай
2853:Inessive
2801:бубайрик
2797:bubadikʰ
2734:bubadiqʰ
2730:бубадихъ
2679:bubajriv
2675:бубайрив
2664:Adessive
2658:bubajriz
2654:бубайриз
2637:bubajrin
2633:бубайрин
2622:Genitive
2601:Ergative
2427:vocative
2096:Cyrillic
1671:ejective
1378:ejective
948:alveolar
533:Istanbul
506:Dagestan
470:Khachmaz
466:Ismailli
430:Dagestan
398:Dagestan
338:Help:IPA
263:lezg1247
207:Dagestan
164:Cyrillic
68:Dagestan
6194:Lezgins
6131:Italics
6068:Turkmen
6063:Turkish
6017:Kipchak
5982:Western
5977:Eastern
5951:Russian
5907:Persian
5890:Kurdish
5882:Iranian
5717:Chechen
5711:Arshtin
5705:Vainakh
5678:Tsakhur
5583:Kubachi
5517:Botlikh
5503:Akhvakh
5402:(areal)
5343:Italics
5255:Chechen
5250:Vainakh
5219:Tsakhur
5207:Western
5153:Lezgian
5141:Eastern
5037:Kubachi
4839:Akhvakh
4769:below (
4736:Surzhyk
4719:Related
4685:Turkish
4680:Swedish
4634:Yiddish
4624:Russian
4586:Ruméika
4426:Extinct
4373:Turkish
4368:Tsakhur
4348:Russian
4313:Garachi
4164:Scripts
4041:Finnish
4021:Chukchi
3990:Tsakhur
3934:Mordvin
3853:Chuvash
3848:Chechen
3838:Bashkir
3774:Russian
3595:, 1966.
3326:ninety
3315:eighty
3311:q’udqal
3283:пудкъад
3254:thirty
3251:qadtsud
3248:къадцуд
3243:twenty
3200:ts’erid
3174:ts’uvad
3157:цlикьуд
3148:ts’ipud
3139:twelve
3126:eleven
3122:ts’usad
3079:муьжуьд
2965:Numbers
2902:bubadal
2898:бубадал
2881:bubadaj
2877:бубадай
2868:bubajra
2864:бубайра
2793:бубадик
2671:bubadiv
2667:бубадив
2650:bubadiz
2646:бубадиз
2629:bubadin
2625:бубадин
2616:bubajri
2612:бубайри
2595:bubajar
2575:Plural
2398:Grammar
1064:Plosive
968:Glottal
953:Palatal
654:rounded
636:Central
581:Tsakhur
494:Germany
490:Ukraine
394:Lezgins
388:, is a
347:Lezgian
334:Unicode
82:Lezgins
6108:Bohtan
6081:Others
6008:Turkic
5989:German
5965:Others
5943:Slavic
5912:Talysh
5834:Adyghe
5822:Abkhaz
5812:Abazgi
5776:Others
5763:Hinukh
5754:Hunzib
5750:Bezhta
5741:Tsezic
5729:Ingush
5651:Budukh
5622:Lezgin
5610:Samur
5598:Lezgic
5588:Mehweb
5578:Kaitag
5573:Itsari
5561:Dargwa
5556:Chirag
5548:Dargin
5531:Karata
5320:Others
5307:Hinukh
5298:Hunzib
5294:Bezhta
5286:Tsezic
5267:Ingush
5188:Budukh
5113:Lezgic
5094:Kaitag
5066:Sirhwa
5046:Itsari
5042:Sanzhi
5008:Urakhi
4962:Akusha
4912:Mehweb
4896:Chirag
4884:Dargin
4867:Karata
4853:Botlix
4665:Romani
4629:Slovak
4597:Polish
4576:Zipser
4572:German
4567:Gagauz
4529:Karaim
4358:Talysh
4343:Lezgin
4308:Domari
4303:Budukh
4129:Selkup
4124:Nenets
4056:Khanty
4051:Kazakh
4036:Evenki
4026:Dolgan
4000:Udmurt
3947:Moksha
3926:Meadow
3908:Lezgin
3888:Khakas
3878:Kalmyk
3868:Ingush
3863:Dargwa
3843:Buryat
3797:Adyghe
3665:
3646:
3636:
3593:Moscow
3453:
3403:Lezgin
3344:агъзур
3291:sixty
3287:pudqad
3278:fifty
3267:forty
3259:яхцlур
3196:цlерид
3170:цlувад
3144:цlипуд
3118:цlусад
3087:eight
3074:seven
3022:three
2860:bubada
2856:бубада
2643:Dative
2608:bubadi
2604:бубади
2591:бубаяр
2382:X́ x́
2365:Th th
2350:Qh qh
2344:Ph ph
2318:Kh kh
2301:Gh gh
2284:Čh čh
2281:Ch ch
2223:ЧI чl
2217:ЦI цl
2211:Хь хь
2206:Хъ хъ
2197:Уь уь
2191:ТI тl
2177:ПI пl
2159:КI кl
2154:Кь кь
2151:Къ къ
2122:Гь гь
2119:Гъ гъ
2088:Arabic
1739:voiced
1494:voiced
1069:voiced
963:Uvular
941:Dental
936:Labial
618:Vowels
586:Budukh
561:Lezgin
517:Yalova
482:Turkey
458:Qabala
434:UNESCO
422:Turkey
402:Russia
355:Lezgin
305:UNESCO
279:
204:
194:Russia
191:
137:Lezgin
126:Lezgi–
114:Lezgic
64:Region
22:Lezgin
6050:Oghuz
6035:Nogai
6030:Kumyk
5918:Kilit
5871:Indo-
5847:Ubykh
5817:Abaza
5673:Rutul
5656:Kryts
5617:Aghul
5606:Archi
5566:Kadar
5512:Tindi
5493:Andic
5411:South
5214:Rutul
5198:Kryts
5148:Aghul
5134:Samur
5125:Archi
5099:Shari
5071:Tanti
5033:]
5026:Ashti
4998:]
4986:Kadar
4969:]
4957:]
4941:]
4929:]
4922:Muira
4848:Tindi
4829:Andic
4582:Greek
4433:Kilit
4353:Rutul
4338:Kryts
4293:Aghul
4089:Mansi
3995:Tuvan
3985:Tatar
3965:Rutul
3955:Nogai
3940:Erzya
3898:Kumyk
3807:Altai
3802:Aghul
3792:Abaza
3626:(PDF)
3348:aɣzur
3109:ts’ud
3100:nine
3092:кlуьд
3083:muʒud
3057:rugud
3053:ругуд
3048:five
3035:four
3005:qʷ’ed
3001:кьвед
2983:zero
2569:Case
2414:Cases
2092:Latin
2036:Trill
1694:t͡sʷʼ
1631:t͡sʷʰ
1013:Nasal
999:plain
987:plain
975:plain
958:Velar
946:Post-
896:/zun/
881:]
877:[
873:]
869:[
865:]
861:[
849:]
845:[
822:кӏвач
662:Close
631:Front
601:Archi
591:Kryts
576:Aghul
571:Rutul
525:Bursa
521:İzmir
462:Oghuz
450:Qusar
351:Lezgi
168:Latin
128:Aghul
119:Samur
6040:Urum
5767:Tsez
5722:Aukh
5700:Bats
5692:Nakh
5538:Avar
5498:Andi
5464:Svan
5311:Tsez
5260:Aukh
5245:Bats
5237:Nakh
4991:Mugi
4874:Avar
4834:Andi
4690:Urum
4674:Vlax
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