1872:
2197:
1252:
772:
2931:
1660:
690:
1177:
853:
1883:
2778:
3379:
958:
58:
1893:
2911:
2921:
1601:
7249:
7095:
2818:), an extensive survey of historical landslides in Italy undertaken by the government starting in 1997. On December 31, 2007, it had studied and mapped 482,272 landslides over 20,500 km (7,900 sq mi). Its major statistics are the Landslide Index (LI here), the ratio of the landslide area to the total area of a region, the Landslide Index in Mountainous-Hilly Areas (here LIMH) and the Density of Landslides, which is the number per 100 km (39 sq mi).
2901:
209:
7262:
6165:
1862:
7274:
4518:
2543:
618:
2322:
2477:
1480:
2615:
1103:
6154:
3351:
1751:
943:
7286:
1341:
3365:
2507:. Prior to the explosion of data on the topic from about the year 2000, many authors took the approach that the Apennines had the same origin as the Alps. Even today, some authors use the term Alpine-Apennine system. They are not, however, the same system and did not have the same origin. The Alps were millions of years old before the Apennines rose from the sea.
2606:) result in both longer episodes and shorter phases of general extension and compression acting both upon and inside mountain belts and tectonic arches (See e.g. for extensive reviews, bibliography and discussions on the literature: Van Dijk (1992), Van Dijk and Okkes (1991), Van Dijk & Scheepers (1995), and Van Dijk et al. (2000a)).
2845:(9.1) are significantly higher. The most unstable terrain in the Apennines when the landslide sites are plotted on the map are in order from most unstable the eastern flanks of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, the Central Apennines and the eastern flank of the southern Apennines. Instability there is comparable to the Alps bordering the
2598:. More recent work in geotectonics and geodynamics of the same school of geoscientists (Utrecht and Amsterdam University) by Vlaar, Wortel, and Cloetingh, and their disciples, extended these concepts even further into a temporal realm. They demonstrated that internal and external forces acting upon the mountain belt (e.g.,
2558:
The
Apennine orogeny is a type of mountain-building in which two simpler types are combined in an apparently paradoxical configuration. Sometimes this is referred to as "syn-orogenic extension", but the term implies that the two processes occur simultaneously during time. Some scientists imagine that
1833:
biome; with
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, and Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub below it. The tree line in the Apennines can be found in the range 1,600 m (5,200 ft) to 2,000 m (6,600 ft). About 5% of the map area covered by the Apennines is at or above the tree
1069:
Since 1856, a series of tunnels have been constructed to conduct "the
Bologna-Florence rail line", which is neither a single line nor a single tunnel. The Porrettana Line went into service in 1864, the Direttissima in 1934 and the High Speed in 1996. A few dozen tunnels support the three of them, the
676:
The people of the
Apennine culture were alpine cattle herdsmen grazing their animals over the meadows and groves of mountainous central Italy. They lived in small hamlets located in defensible places. On the move between summer pastures they built temporary camps or lived in caves and rock shelters.
656:
This phase is preceded by the Grotta Nuova facies (central Italy) and by the
Protoapennine B facies (southern Italy) and succeeded by the Subapennine facies of 13th-century ("Bronzo Recente"). Apennine pottery is a burnished ware incised with spirals, meanders and geometrical zones, filled with dots
3478:
is just as often used alone as a noun. The ancient Greeks and Romans typically but not always used "mountain" in the singular to mean one or a range; thus, "the
Apennine mountain" refers to the entire chain and is translated "the Apennine mountains". The ending can vary also by gender depending on
2667:
of the
Apennine subduction zone forms a long, irregular arc with centers of curvature in the Tyrrhenian Sea following the hanging wall over which the mountains have been raised; i.e., the eastern wall of the mountains. It runs from near the base of the Ligurian Apennines in the Po Valley along the
898:
The main and only feasible overland route connecting the coastal plain of
Liguria to the north Italian plain runs through Bocchetta di Altare. It has always been of strategic importance. Defenders of north Italy have had to control it since ancient times, as the various fortifications placed there
2727:, the last rift valley in that direction. It runs approximately across the direction of extension. In the fault-block system, the ridges are lower and are more steep-sided, since the walls are formed by faults. Geographically they are not considered part of the Apennines proper but are termed
1151:
The
Apennine System forms an irregular arc with centers of curvature located in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The northern and southern segments comprise parallel chains that can be viewed as single overall mountain ridges, such as the Ligurian Mountains. The center, being thicker and more complex, is
2593:
According to the older theories (originating from the 1930s to 1970s) of Dutch geologists, including Van
Bemmelen, compression and extension can and should occur simultaneously at different depths in a mountain belt. In these theories, these different levels are called
509:
which could have been assigned during the Celtic domination of north Italy in the 4th century BC or before. The name originally applied to the north Apennines. However, historical linguists have never found a derivation with which they all agree. Wilhelm Deecke said:
1669:
The railway running south from Sicignano to Lagonegro, ascending the valley of the Negro, is planned to extend to Cosenza, along the line followed by the ancient Via Popilia, which beyond Cosenza reached the west coast at Terina and thence followed it to Reggio. The
2514:, beginning in the late Mesozoic. The band of mountains created extends from Spain to Turkey in a roughly east–west direction and includes the Alps. The Apennines are much younger, extend from northwest to southeast, and are not a displacement of the Alpine chain.
1074:, which connects Italy and Switzerland, is longer. Automobile traffic is carried by the Autostrada del Sole, Route A1, which goes through numerous shorter tunnels, bypassing an old road, originally Roman, through Futa Pass. In December 2015, a new Route A1 called
2521:
in northern Italy. Compressional forces have been acting from north to south in the Alps and from south to north in the Apennines, but instead of being squeezed into mountains the valley has been subsiding at 1 to 4 mm (0.16 in) per year since about 25
1651:, Agri, Sinni on the east, which flow into the gulf of Taranto; to the south of the last-named river there are only unimportant streams flowing into the sea east and west, inasmuch as here the width of the peninsula diminishes to some 64 kilometres (40 mi).
1134:
in the Tuscan-Romagnol Apennine from northeast to southwest, projecting into the Tyrrhenian Sea at right angles to the shore. The upper Tiber, however, flows from northwest to southeast, gradually turning through one right angle clockwise. The northern
1838:
is at about 3,200 m (10,500 ft), leaving the Apennines below it, except for the one remaining glacier. Snow may fall from October to May. Rainfall increases with latitude. The range's climates, depending on elevation and latitude, are the
1065:
is shorter, but exploitation of it required the conquest of more rugged terrain, which was not feasible for the ancients. Railway lines were constructed over the mountains in the early 19th century but they were of low capacity and unimprovable.
1693:. At the narrowest point the plain of Sibari, through which the rivers Coscile and Crati flow to the sea, occurs on the east coast, extending halfway across the peninsula. Here the limestone Apennines proper cease and the granite mountains of
1070:
longest on the High-Speed Line being the Voglia Tunnel at 16.757 km (10.412 mi). The longest is on the Direttissima, the Great Apennine Tunnel, which at 18.5 kilometres (11.5 miles) is the longest entirely within Italy, although the
1213:
4325:
van Dijk, J.P.; Bello, M.; Brancaleoni, G.P.; Cantarella, G.; Costa, V.; Frixa, A.; Golfetto, F.; Merlini, S.; Riva, M.; Toricelli, S.; Toscano, C.; Zerilli, A. (2000). "A new structural model for the northern sector of the Calabrian Arc".
2869:; that is, the zone where the Adriatic floor is being subducted under Italy. Slides with large translational or rotational surface movements are most common; e.g., a whole slope slumps into its valley, placing the population there at risk.
482:
are steep, while the western slopes form foothills on which most of peninsular Italy's cities are located. The mountains tend to be named from the province or provinces in which they are located; for example, the Ligurian Apennines are in
420:, the coastal city at the tip of the peninsula. Since 2000 the Environment Ministry of Italy, following the recommendations of the Apennines Park of Europe Project, has been defining the Apennines System to include the mountains of north
1078:
was opened after many years of construction consisting of major tunnels (the longest being the new 8.6-kilometre (5.3-mile) 'Tunel Base') and new overpasses, shortening the traveling time between Florence and Bologna by road. The
6763:
1155:
Based on rock type and orogenic incidents, the northern segment of the arc is divided into the Outer Northern Apennines (ONA) and the Inner Northern Apennines (INA). The Central Apennines are divided into the Umbrian–Marchean
2645:, referred to as the "Adriatic lithosphere" or the "Adriatic plate," terms whose precise meaning is the subject of ongoing research, is dipping under the slab on which the Apennines have been folded by compressional forces.
4214:
van Dijk, J.P. (1992). "Late Neogene fore-arc basin evolution in the Calabrian Arc (Central Mediterranean). Tectonic sequence stratigraphy and dynamic geohistory. With special reference to the geology of Central Calabria".
2688:
above 250 km (160 mi) deep is broken into the "Northern Apennines Arc" and the "Calabrian Arc", with compressional forces acting in different directions radially toward the arcs' centers of curvature.
1430:) follows the Nera valley; while from Terni a line ascends to the plain of Rieti, and thence crosses the central chain to Aquila, whence it follows the valley of the Aterno to Sulmona. In ancient times the
848:
along the coast to the west and the Ligurian Apennines. A bronze plaque fixed to a stone marks the top of the pass. In the vicinity are fragments of the old road and three ruins of former fortifications.
3479:
the noun modified. The Italian singular refers to one of the constituent chains rather than to a single mountain, and the Italian plural refers to multiple chains rather than to multiple mountains.
2286:
Brigandage appears to have been prevalent in Roman times in the more remote parts of the Apennines, as it was until recently. An inscription found near the Furlo pass was set up in AD 246 by an
6778:
6663:
4499:
Pedrotti, F.; Gafta, D. (2003). "The High Mountain Flora and Vegetation of the Apennines and the Italian Alps". In Nagy, László; Grabherr, G.; Körner, Ch.; Thompson, D.B.A. (eds.).
1218:
2582:"The paradox of how contraction and extension can occur simultaneously in convergent mountain belts remains a fundamental and largely unresolved problem in continental dynamics."
3501:
The Retreating-trench, extension and accretion (RETREAT) Project is a study conducted by a consortium of scientific organizations in different countries including in the US the
1724:. In both groups the rivers are quite unimportant. Finally, the Calabrian southern Apennine Mountains extend along the northern coast of Sicily (the Sicilian Apennines, Italian
1002:. Whether they are to be considered part of the Apennines is a matter of opinion; certainly, they are part of the Apennine System. Topographically only the valley of the River
4187:
Apennine thrusts move in from the south, and Southern Alps thrust in from the north, but instead of collisional compression there is subsidence and horizontal sedimentation.
7024:
6969:
2377:
2345:
1080:
4269:
van Dijk, J.P.; Scheepers, P.J.J. (1995). "Neogene rotations in the Calabrian Arc. Implications for a Pliocene-Recent geodynamic scenario for the Central Mediterranean".
4234:
van Dijk, J.P.; Okkes, F.W.M. (1991). "Neogene tectonostratigraphy and kinematics of Calabrian Basins. implications for the geodynamics of the Central Mediterranean".
2578:. This side is called the "Tyrrhenian Extensional Zone." The mountains of Italy are of paradoxical provenience, having to derive from both compression and extension:
1278:, contain the highest peaks and most rugged terrain of the Apennines. They are known in history as the territory of the Italic peoples first defeated by the city of
4385:
6608:
2656:, or overriding slab is thrust over an overridden slab, also called the subducting slab. In north Italy the dip of this interface is 30° to 40° at a depth of 80–90
4489:
Barchi, Massimiliano; Landuzzi, Alberto; Minelli, Giorgio; Pialli, Giampaolo (2001). "Inner Northern Apennines". In Martini, I. Peter; Vai, Gian Battista (eds.).
1152:
geologically divided into an inner and an outer arc with regard to the centers of curvature. The geologic definition, however, is not the same as the geographic.
903:, the state railway system, highly developed on the coastal plain, now traverses the mountains routinely through a number of railway tunnels, such as the one at
6713:
6613:
1084:
6618:
1712:
and Catanzaro Marina crosses the isthmus, and an ancient road may have run from Squillace to Monteleone. The second group extends to the south end of the
235:
2293:
Snow lies on the highest peaks of the Apennines for almost the whole year. The range produces no minerals, but there are a considerable number of good
6999:
6936:
6898:
6863:
6768:
6648:
6633:
6623:
2373:
1780:
4059:
6773:
6753:
6738:
6723:
4453:
2796:, including falls and slides of rocks and debris, flows of earth and mud, and sink holes. The Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (
1708:). The forests which covered it in ancient times supplied the Greeks and Sicilians with timber for shipbuilding. The railway from South Eufemia to
2240:. xvi. 177); they have indeed been greatly reduced in comparatively modern times by indiscriminate timber-felling, and though serious attempts at
6793:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6603:
5224:
123:
1704:
formed by the gulfs of South Eufemia and Squillace; it is known as the Sila, and the highest point reached is 1,930 metres (6,330 ft) (the
6798:
6743:
6728:
6673:
6658:
6638:
6598:
6201:
1671:
1227:. Still further north is Parco Sasso Simone e Simoncello. The Italian Park Service calls it the "green heart" of Italy. The region is heavily
6878:
6758:
6733:
6718:
6698:
6593:
5256:
4161:
underwent a general NNE contraction .... This compression also created the Apennine orogeny of east-central Italy .... This area was brought
447:
and, within them, a high diversity of flora and fauna. These mountains are one of the last refuges of the big European predators such as the
7126:
6783:
6570:
5887:
5239:
653:, but now archaeologists prefer to consider as "Apennine" only the ornamental pottery style of the later phase of Middle Bronze Age (BM3).
4530:
7044:
2570:
Sea. This side has been called the "Apennine-Adriatic Compressional Zone" or the "Apennines Convergence Zone." On the west side of Italy
2353:
1784:
1326:
439:
The Apennines conserve some intact ecosystems that have survived human intervention. In these are some of the best preserved forests and
66:
4571:
4539:
5851:
4781:
2559:
this is relatively rare but not unique in mountain building, whereas others imagine that this is fairly common in all mountain belts.
5985:
6979:
5892:
3598:
6959:
6628:
5457:
2357:
2325:
673:
in association with LHIIIA pottery, which associations date it to the Late Bronze Age as it is defined in Greece and the Aegean.
6974:
4669:
2341:
6929:
6135:
5298:
3781:
3753:
3579:
3407:
1770:
599:, 'feather' (in the sense of the horn of the quill), have been connected to the name. This view has the word originating in
5932:
5207:
5015:
2180:. The reasons for this choice are related to the fact that the Italian wolf, which inhabits the Apennine Mountains and the
1791:
1503:, the highest point of which is the Monte Miletto 2,050 metres (6,725 ft). The chief rivers on the south-west are the
7290:
5261:
5124:
4479:
Martini, I. Peter; Vai, Gian Battista (2001). "Geomorphologic Setting". In Martini, I. Peter; Vai, Gian Battista (eds.).
4392:
4014:
2562:
The RETREAT Project have this specific feature as one of their focus points In essence the east side of Italy features a
1209:
6194:
5980:
5565:
5192:
5025:
4786:
2220:. The Apennines are to some extent covered with forests, though these were probably more extensive in classical times (
1871:
1766:
1754:
17:
7317:
5212:
5187:
5030:
1830:
1083:
is in the southern part of the Tuscan–Romagnol Apennines. The southern limit of the Tuscan–Romagnol Apennines is the
440:
342:
2530:
It is now known to be not an erosional feature, but is a filled portion of the Adriatic Trench, called the Adriatic
1379:, both of which fall into the Tiber. On the east there is at first a succession of small rivers which flow into the
7327:
7322:
7119:
7019:
6984:
6922:
6563:
5584:
4865:
4751:
4137:
Determining the source for the magmas of Monte Amiata (Central Italy) using strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopes
2802:), a government agency founded in 2008 by combining three older agencies, published in that year a special report,
2196:
1037:, transportation over them has been used to achieve political and economic unity. Historically the Romans used the
832:
The upper Bormida can be reached by a number of roads proceeding inland at a right angle to the coast southwest of
3620:
6945:
5708:
5620:
5467:
5462:
5293:
5161:
3397:
2792:
The terrain of the Apennines (as well as that of the Alps) is to a large degree unstable due to various types of
2337:
2329:
444:
1643:
2,233 metres (7,325 ft). The chief rivers are the Sele—joined by the Negro and Calore—on the west, and the
5656:
5244:
4721:
2056:
649:(15th–14th centuries BC). In the mid-20th century the Apennine was divided into Proto-, Early, Middle and Late
3969:
603:
inconsistently with the theory of the northern origin. None of these derivations are unquestionably accepted.
7054:
6187:
5907:
5738:
5625:
5156:
5151:
3944:
2349:
2290:(a member of a picked corps) on special police duty with a detachment of twenty men from the Ravenna fleet.
1010:, separates the Apuan Alps from the Apennines; geologically the rock is of a slightly different composition,
922:, which runs in the opposite direction to join the Po. The divide between the two upper river valleys is the
495:
The etymology most frequently repeated, because of its semantic appropriateness, is that it derives from the
4572:"Italian Cultural Landscapes: wood-pasture and wood-meadow in the Ligurian-Tuscan-Aemilian Apennines, Italy"
4391:. Rome: Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA). pp. 15–16. Archived from
2263:, however, which were known in Roman times, have almost entirely disappeared. Nor are the wild goats called
5666:
5605:
5590:
5442:
5303:
4756:
3412:
2703:
system, where the crust – extended by the lengthening mantle below – thinned, broke along roughly parallel
2016:
1886:
561:
228:
116:
6343:
3776:. Vol. II, part 2: c. 1380–1000 B.C. (3, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 720.
3622:
Territorial strategies and environmental continuity in mountain systems: The case of the Apennines (Italy)
2668:
margin of the mountains to the Adriatic, along the coastal deeps of the Adriatic shore, strikes inland at
7312:
7266:
7112:
7039:
6556:
6010:
5728:
5574:
5356:
5266:
5166:
5052:
5020:
4705:
3502:
971:, the mountain chain turns further to the southeast, to cross the peninsula along the border between the
884:
4468:
4435:
Italy; a popular account of the country, its people, and its institutions (including Malta and Sardinia)
1807:
7004:
6065:
5693:
5513:
5420:
5393:
5328:
5202:
4736:
4662:
4555:
3554:
2897:(counting only the top peak in each massif). Most of these peaks are located in the Central Apennines.
549:
2510:
The northward movement of the African Plate and its collision with the European Plate then caused the
1251:
7059:
7034:
6964:
6095:
5861:
5784:
5748:
4766:
4731:
4726:
2079:
1990:
1568:
and Avellino to Rocchetta Sant'Antonio, the junction for Foggia, Spinazzola (for Barletta, Bari, and
983:
and the Tuscan–Romagnol Apennines east of it, or just the Tuscan Apennines. They extend to the upper
867:, the main roads connect with the upper Bormida valley (Bormida di Mallare) before turning west. The
722:
31:
4445:
Design and construction of tunnels: analysis of controlled deformation in rocks and soils (ADECO-RS)
4040:
3772:
Bury, J. B.; I E S Edwards; C. J. Gadd; John Boardman; N. G. L. Hammond (1975). P. Mack Crew (ed.).
733:
and after winding through the Alpine arc traverses the entire Apennine system, Sicily and Sardinia.
666:
662:
466:
that forms the major part of Italy. They are mostly verdant, although one side of the highest peak,
7079:
6994:
6397:
6110:
6100:
6080:
6050:
6005:
5703:
5545:
5477:
5447:
5427:
5308:
4984:
4949:
4746:
2793:
2586:
Both the folded and the fault-block systems include parallel mountain chains. In the folded system
2385:
1299:
725:
coming from northern Europe and traversing the lengths of the northern and central Apennines. The
6402:
5990:
5753:
5610:
5580:
5555:
5472:
5432:
5371:
5270:
5035:
5005:
3489:
3402:
2259:
were frequent, and still are found, the flocks being protected against them by large sheep-dogs;
2020:
1986:
1499:
valley, the three parallel chains are broken up into smaller groups; among them may be named the
109:
4454:"The subduction structure of the Northern Apennines: results for the RETREAT seismic deployment"
2503:) and continuing today. Geographically they are partially (or appear to be) continuous with the
2212:
took place mainly starting from the Abruzzi Apennines, moving both towards the Tuscan and Lazio
1802:
species in the Apennines has been estimated at 5,599. Of these, 728 (23.6%) are in the treeline
771:
646:
7084:
5688:
5676:
5452:
5437:
5129:
4771:
2957:
2878:
2369:
2268:
2217:
2173:
1318:
927:
638:
2930:
883:, drain the northeast slopes. The range contains dozens of peaks. Toward the southern end the
7074:
7064:
7049:
7029:
6989:
6472:
6462:
5995:
5922:
5902:
5816:
5765:
5523:
5503:
5313:
4907:
4875:
4761:
4741:
4655:
4575:
2365:
2361:
2313:, Cinciano), the water of which is both drunk on the spot and sold as table water elsewhere.
2115:
2032:
1844:
1330:
1176:
1168:) in the south. It extends from Bocca Serriola pass in the north to Forlì pass in the south.
689:
7014:
6843:
6264:
5846:
5661:
5550:
5528:
5182:
5080:
4964:
4832:
4335:
4278:
4243:
4162:
3152:
3089:
2782:
2685:
2571:
2563:
2072:
1947:
1659:
677:
Their range was not necessarily confined to the hills; their pottery has been found on the
1623:), which runs from east to west, while south of the valleys of the Sele (on the west) and
1096:
8:
7146:
6512:
6130:
6120:
6075:
5841:
5806:
5801:
5518:
5139:
5075:
4995:
2260:
2142:
2107:
2052:
2044:
2028:
1943:
1882:
1865:
1450:. The volcanic mountains of the province of Rome are separated from the Apennines by the
1180:
1114:, marked by a column with an eagle and wolves, part of the Apennine fauna and symbols of
726:
452:
272:
4438:. Translated by Nesbitt, H A. London; New York: Macmillan Co.; S. Sonnenschein & Co.
4422:
4339:
4282:
4247:
4073:
3991:
3488:
Claims of being the longest or second-longest in the world have been soon outdated. See
2893:
The Apennines include about 21 peaks over 1,900 m (6,200 ft), the approximate
2777:
1399:
from the north-west and the Gizio from the south-east, is more important; and so is the
7238:
7135:
7069:
6437:
6339:
6105:
6090:
6070:
5927:
5868:
5821:
5743:
5600:
5570:
5560:
5535:
5508:
5415:
5344:
5100:
5095:
4812:
4351:
4304:
4140:
3525:
3392:
2865:. The Apennines are slumping away to the northeast into the Po Valley and the Adriatic
2381:
2010:
1966:
1935:
1721:
1075:
1006:, which running parallel to the coast turns and exits into the Tyrrhenian Sea north of
852:
463:
417:
291:
104:
4347:
3559:
7273:
7233:
7177:
7009:
6838:
6527:
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6372:
6304:
6299:
6055:
6045:
5917:
5831:
5796:
5723:
5713:
5491:
5361:
5275:
5105:
5085:
5059:
5047:
4842:
4837:
4822:
4817:
4802:
4433:
4355:
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4290:
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3777:
3749:
3746:
The bronze age in Europe: an introduction to the prehistory of Europe, c. 2000–700 BC
3257:
2302:
2091:
2036:
2002:
1931:
1713:
1522:
1139:
is deep and separates the Apennines on the left bank from a lesser range, the Tuscan
892:
841:
622:
471:
4632:
4144:
836:, the chief one being the Autostrada Torino-Savona. They ascend to the Bocchetta di
7278:
7168:
6868:
6848:
6833:
6808:
6748:
6708:
6477:
6432:
6319:
6259:
6125:
5947:
5897:
5878:
5873:
5826:
5733:
5671:
5651:
5639:
5595:
5398:
5378:
5366:
5229:
5110:
4827:
4690:
4682:
4343:
4294:
4286:
4251:
3417:
3384:
3370:
3313:
3041:
2838:
2602:
and intra-plate stress field modulations due to large scale reorganisations of the
2276:
2185:
2184:, features prominently in Latin and Italian cultures, such as in the legend of the
2150:
2126:
2111:
2087:
1998:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1619:, marks the northern termination of the first range of the Lucanian Apennines (now
1565:
1314:
1303:
1259:
1205:
957:
634:
626:
612:
568:
386:
378:
313:
192:
57:
5197:
4591:
1118:. The inscription reads: "Here the river sacred to the destinies of Rome is born."
30:
This article is about the Italian mountain range. For other uses of Apennine, see
7172:
6893:
6532:
6324:
6309:
6294:
6035:
6025:
6020:
6015:
5912:
5836:
5698:
5217:
5115:
5000:
4900:
4807:
4616:
3125:
2910:
2716:
2704:
2677:
2653:
2649:
2633:) and the folding of the mountains of eastern Italy have been investigated using
2603:
2221:
2177:
2169:
2060:
2006:
1982:
1840:
1729:
1676:
1560:, and from south-west to northeast by the railways from Caianello via Isernia to
1484:
1310:
1282:. Coincidentally they exist in three parallel folds or chains surviving from the
794:
678:
496:
6274:
4503:. Ecological studies, 167. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag. pp. 73–84.
7159:
6883:
6788:
6522:
6517:
6487:
6467:
6412:
6367:
6352:
6329:
6269:
6254:
6234:
6168:
6115:
6085:
6030:
5937:
5811:
5758:
5718:
5388:
5383:
5234:
5134:
5090:
5042:
4990:
4944:
4912:
4870:
4847:
3866:
3331:
3178:
2826:
2786:
2664:
2619:
2575:
2511:
2465:
2445:
2397:
2298:
2294:
2146:
2099:
1939:
1927:
1903:
1896:
1856:
1799:
1686:
1627:(on the east)—which form the line followed by the railway from Battipaglia via
1447:
1396:
1224:
1131:
1111:
1071:
1062:
1015:
972:
950:
553:
456:
433:
391:
361:
351:
6492:
2920:
1892:
1548:. The district is traversed from north-west to south-east by the railway from
548:
would be required, which is typologically not found in languages that feature
7306:
7248:
7214:
7209:
6903:
6873:
6818:
6803:
6703:
6537:
6457:
6427:
6284:
6249:
6244:
6225:
6040:
5681:
5251:
4939:
4917:
4776:
4534:
4524:
3728:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Indo-European Roots
3693:
3293:
3051:
2997:
2924:
2429:
2241:
2201:
2158:
2138:
2130:
2122:
1994:
1907:
1589:
1439:
1392:
1201:
845:
810:
786:
557:
409:
250:
237:
138:
125:
4543:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 161–163.
4424:
Geographical etymology, a dictionary of place-names giving their derivations
742:
7186:
7181:
7155:
6888:
6858:
6853:
6828:
6823:
6668:
6482:
6452:
6362:
6357:
6314:
6289:
6279:
6158:
5965:
5770:
5540:
5144:
5010:
4959:
4934:
3356:
3303:
3275:
3061:
2987:
2951:
2914:
2904:
2642:
2634:
2433:
2405:
2256:
2209:
2181:
2165:
2134:
2103:
2095:
2024:
1962:
1875:
1758:
1705:
1635:—the second range begins to run due north and south as far as the plain of
1541:
1455:
1435:
1380:
1368:
1334:
1236:
1136:
1038:
988:
946:
919:
782:
617:
479:
467:
448:
429:
86:
62:
38:
7094:
6914:
2900:
533:: Beanach, Benmore, Benabuird, Benan, Bencruachan, etc. In one derivation
208:
7164:
7150:
6813:
6643:
6588:
6507:
6502:
6417:
6407:
6392:
6060:
6000:
5970:
5323:
4954:
3099:
3079:
2969:
2724:
2700:
2547:
2068:
2064:
2048:
1682:
1600:
1585:
1580:
to Benevento, whence the older road went to Venosa and Taranto and so to
1459:
1431:
1360:
1356:
1123:
984:
888:
822:
818:
4110:
3771:
1572:) and Potenza. Roman roads followed the same lines as the railways: the
7219:
7199:
7194:
6653:
6497:
6442:
6387:
6382:
6239:
6179:
5318:
4927:
4154:
3220:
3166:
3031:
2934:
2638:
2523:
2496:
2310:
2306:
2083:
2040:
1861:
1717:
1663:
1620:
1561:
1508:
1351:
Other features between the western and central ranges are the plain of
1255:
1232:
995:
961:
904:
900:
876:
283:
4299:
2821:
Italy as a whole has a LI of 6.8, a LIMH of 9.1 and a density of 160.
721:
A number of long hiking trails wind through the Apennines. Of note is
594:
7228:
7224:
7104:
6548:
6377:
4491:
Anatomy of an orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean basins
4481:
Anatomy of an orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean basins
3469:
3139:
2894:
2846:
2822:
2626:
2599:
2587:
2551:
2518:
2409:
2280:
1835:
1826:
1819:
1709:
1632:
1573:
1553:
1372:
1240:
1026:
999:
980:
968:
923:
915:
826:
814:
802:
798:
775:
538:
402:
2574:
prevail, created by a spreading or extension of the crust under the
2542:
1333:; and the Regional Park of the Monti Simbruini. Gran Sasso contains
7190:
5975:
5960:
5955:
5856:
4890:
4885:
4166:
4139:, Carleton Geology Department: Geology Comps Papers, pp. 3–4,
3748:(illustrated ed.). London: Taylor & Francis. p. 165.
2882:
2866:
2842:
2766:
2712:
2567:
2531:
2517:
The key evidence of the difference is the geologic behavior of the
2461:
2321:
1694:
1616:
1581:
1557:
1538:
1512:
1488:
1415:
1295:
1050:
880:
817:. The northwestern border follows the line of the Bormida River to
42:
4523:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
4324:
2476:
2247:
They also furnish considerable summer pastures, especially in the
1479:
1359:; while between the central and eastern ranges are the valleys of
580:
7204:
6211:
4922:
4647:
4150:
3231:
3192:
3019:
2975:
2854:
2850:
2758:
2720:
2669:
2614:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2417:
2413:
2401:
2248:
2213:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1822:
1803:
1701:
1690:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1628:
1624:
1604:
1569:
1549:
1534:
1530:
1516:
1427:
1411:
1364:
1344:
1322:
1283:
1267:
1102:
1058:
1054:
1030:
1019:
1003:
979:
regions. They are named the Tuscan–Emilian Apennines west of the
976:
872:
868:
864:
856:
730:
484:
475:
279:
70:
4012:
5615:
4158:
3571:
3113:
2858:
2834:
2830:
2708:
2681:
2673:
2630:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2255:. xi. 240) praises the cheese of the Apennines. In the forests
1974:
1750:
1636:
1612:
1545:
1526:
1500:
1496:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1291:
1287:
1271:
1228:
1197:
1088:
1046:
1011:
942:
910:
The southeastern border of the Ligurian Apennines is the Fiume
837:
833:
790:
670:
658:
600:
421:
413:
94:
3614:
3612:
1309:
The eastern chain consists mainly of the southern part of the
4895:
4678:
3463:
3447:
3441:
2862:
2762:
2590:
erode into the highest and longest massifs of the Apennines.
2425:
2233:
2154:
1919:
1773:
1577:
1451:
1423:
1352:
1340:
1275:
1231:, such as the Riserva Naturale Statale Gola del Furlo, where
1214:
parco naturale regionale della Gola della Rossa e di Frasassi
1193:
1162:) or Roman Apennines in the north and the Abruzzi Apennines (
1107:
1034:
931:
911:
806:
642:
405:
355:
3945:"Mammiferi d'Italia - Ministero della Transizione Ecologica"
3605:. Oxford; Medford: Clarendon Press; Perseus Digital Library.
2799:
Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale
2346:
Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park
2309:, Porretta, Telese), while others are cool (such as Nocera,
1564:
and Termoli, from Caserta to Benevento and Foggia, and from
1081:
Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park
6221:
5403:
4880:
4633:"10th Mountain Division – The Formative World War II Years"
4493:. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 215–254.
4488:
3853:
3609:
2641:
System." Along the Adriatic side of Italy the floor of the
2504:
2480:
2453:
2421:
2244:
have been made by the government, much remains to be done.
2225:
1978:
1504:
1463:
1443:
1419:
1407:
1286:. These extend in a northwest–southeast direction from the
1279:
1127:
1115:
1092:
1042:
1007:
331:
325:
4262:
3867:"Parks, Reserves and other Protected Areas in the Marches"
2464:. Among the lakes of glacial origin of the Alpine type is
3452:) has the form of an adjective, which would be segmented
2378:
Appennino Lucano - Val d'Agri - Lagonegrese National Park
2229:
1025:
As the Tuscan Apennines divide the peninsula between the
514:
is doubtful but some derive it from the Ligurian-Celtish
428:. The system forms an arc enclosing the east side of the
319:
4060:"Il lupo grigio degli appennini e l animale dell Italia"
2534:
after its function as a subduction zone was discovered.
2332:
in the Apennine Mountains and the second oldest in Italy
1383:, from which the highest points of the chain are some 20
697:
The Apennines are divided into three sectors: northern (
4483:. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 1–4.
4367:
4365:
4197:
4195:
529:: Penarrig, Penbrynn, Pencoid, Penmon, Pentir, etc. or
4452:
Margheriti, Lucia; et al. (August–October 2006).
4227:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
2877:
Glaciers no longer exist in the Apennines outside the
2396:
Important rivers originate from the Apennines are the
1537:, on the east, is completely isolated, and so are the
1515:, Sebeto, Sarno, on the north the Trigno, Biferno and
1406:
The central Apennines are crossed by the railway from
1223:, in which are the Gola della Rossa ("Red Gorge") and
1200:
River, the south border of the ONA. The highest peak,
163:
1,200 km (750 mi) northwest to southeast
4320:
4318:
3637:
3635:
1533:
hills on the west. On the converse the promontory of
891:. Nearby is the highest point of Ligurian Apennines,
844:, 436 m (1,430 ft), the border between the
343:
334:
328:
6764:
Monte Val de' Varri - Monte Faito - Monte San Nicola
4416:(3rd ed.). Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. 2001.
4362:
4192:
3516:
3346:
1732:(6,493 feet (1,979 m)) being the highest peak.
1529:, are connected with the Apennine range, and so are
1458:, part of the Volscian chain, by the valleys of the
953:, is the highest mountain of the northern Apennines.
322:
171:
250 km (160 mi) southwest to northeast
5162:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
3881:
2078:The reptile fauna is mainly composed of suc as the
1654:
1186:The west border of the Umbria-Marche Apennines (or
681:in Rome as well as on the islands mentioned above.
316:
4315:
3632:
3619:Gambino, Roberto; Romano, Bernardino (2000–2001).
3618:
2849:. The most stable terrain is on the western side:
1474:
1204:, at 2,478 m (8,130 ft), is part of the
914:, which projects into the Tyrrhenian Sea south of
4421:Blackie, Christina; Blackie, John Stuart (1887).
4268:
2374:Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni National Park
1781:Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
478:in the Apennines. The eastern slopes down to the
7304:
4099:. George Baker (trans.). Printed for A. Strahan.
2566:raised by compressional forces acting under the
829:, but the mountains bend away to the southeast.
693:Orographic and hydrographic map of the Apennines
394:consisting of parallel smaller chains extending
4411:
3817:
3774:The Cambridge Ancient History: c. 1800–1380 B.C
2806:, summarizing the results of the IFFI Project (
2015:There are also numerous amphibians such as the
1495:In the southern Apennines, to the south of the
1298:. The coastal hills of the east extend between
998:, goes southwest, bordering the coast south of
579:is not explained by any rule. By some, English
7025:Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna
4420:
4383:
3680:
2707:lines, and the blocks alternatively sank into
1720:(1,960 metres (6,420 ft)) to the east of
1337:, the highest peak of the Apennines (2912 m).
525:A large number of place names seem to reflect
27:Mountain ranges stretching the length of Italy
7120:
6930:
6564:
6195:
4663:
4498:
4233:
3931:
3916:
3656:
2813:
2807:
2797:
2752:
2742:
2732:
1187:
1163:
1157:
758:
752:
746:
712:
704:
698:
184:
4384:Trigila, Alessandro; Iadanza, Carla (2008).
4207:
4130:
4128:
4057:
4038:
3743:
3713:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
3592:
3590:
3588:
1014:. The Roman marble industry was centered at
6970:Appennino Lucano - Val d'Agri - Lagonegrese
6944:
3739:
3737:
3597:Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879).
3457:
2487:The Apennines were created in the Apennine
2354:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park
2121:Notable Apennine freshwater fishes are the
1785:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
1327:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park
1325:Massif. Among them are two national parks:
937:
657:or transverse dashes. It has been found on
369:
67:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park
7127:
7113:
6937:
6923:
6571:
6557:
6202:
6188:
4670:
4656:
4478:
4451:
4386:"Landslides in Italy: Special Report 2008"
4371:
4201:
4180:
4013:Peter Uetz; Jakob Hallermann; Jiri Hosek.
3847:
3796:
3662:
3596:
1961:There are also numerous birds such as the
1810:predominate in the entire Apennine chain.
1171:
4414:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary
4298:
4125:
3767:
3765:
3585:
2815:Inventario dei Fenomeni Franosi in Italia
1243:and the Romans constructed tunnels here.
821:. There the river continues northeast to
6209:
4213:
4165:during a doming phase during the Middle
3734:
2929:
2919:
2909:
2899:
2776:
2613:
2541:
2475:
2320:
2195:
1891:
1881:
1870:
1860:
1749:
1658:
1615:, which runs into the Adriatic close to
1599:
1478:
1339:
1250:
1175:
1101:
956:
941:
851:
770:
741:The northern Apennines consist of three
688:
616:
4635:. Dartmouth College Class of 1965. 2008
4442:
3841:
3829:
3744:Coles, John M.; Harding, A. F. (1979).
2939:
2772:
2757:). These mountains are found mainly in
2358:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park
2326:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park
1902:The mammal fauna is mainly composed of
1367:. The chief rivers on the west are the
14:
7305:
7134:
6578:
4431:
3927:
3925:
3762:
3668:
3628:. World Commission on Protected Areas.
2680:, widely around the rest of Italy and
2342:Appennino Tosco-Emiliano National Park
2275:II. i. 5), which may have been either
1700:The first group extends as far as the
408:. In the northwest they join with the
7108:
6918:
6552:
6183:
4651:
4614:
4134:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3652:
3650:
3408:List of highest paved roads in Europe
2699:The west side of Italy is given to a
2609:
2297:, some of which are thermal (such as
1834:line—or in the treeline ecotone. The
1771:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
1469:
926:. Under it (in two tunnels) runs the
766:
736:
462:The mountains lend their name to the
385:
7285:
6779:Parco regionale urbano Monte Orlando
5208:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
4528:
4094:
3904:
3641:
2812:), the Italian Landslide Inventory (
2684:and across inland north Africa. The
1792:South Apennine mixed montane forests
1246:
1146:
949:(2,165 m or 7,103 ft), in
809:River valley. The range follows the
7000:Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni
4181:Ollier, Cliff; Pain, Colin (2000).
3922:
3910:
2692:
2537:
1740:
1355:, the valley of the Salto, and the
1210:Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini
1140:
24:
6664:Cima del Redentore (monti Aurunci)
4677:
3992:"Quali sono gli anfibi autoctoni?"
3859:
3802:
3647:
3518:
2885:have been observed in Basilicata.
1767:Apennine deciduous montane forests
1755:Apennine deciduous montane forests
1595:
1592:(near Foggia) and thence to Bari.
1511:with its tributary the Sacco, the
1391:, Tordino, Vomano and others. The
1266:The Abruzzi Apennines, located in
781:The Ligurian Apennines border the
399: 1,200 km (750 mi)
377:– a singular with plural meaning;
25:
7339:
4574:. The ECL project. Archived from
4548:
4185:. London: Routledge. p. 77.
3526:"Topographic map of Corno Grande"
2336:The Apennines are home to twelve
2316:
1831:Montane grasslands and shrublands
1639:. The highest point is the Monte
991:at 2,165 m (7,103 ft).
895:at 1,800 m (5,900 ft).
7284:
7272:
7261:
7260:
7247:
7093:
6164:
6163:
6152:
4596:] deciduous montane forests"
4516:
4041:"What is Italy national animal?"
3456:, often used with nouns such as
3377:
3363:
3349:
1655:Calabrian and Sicilian Apennines
312:
207:
56:
5893:Orders, decorations, and medals
4405:
4377:
4174:
4103:
4088:
4066:
4051:
4032:
4006:
3984:
3962:
3937:
3835:
3823:
3790:
3719:
3704:
3686:
3674:
3495:
3482:
3398:List of national parks of Italy
2881:massif. However, post-Pliocene
2676:, out to sea again through the
2191:
1475:Samnite and Campanian Apennines
1049:. The montane distance between
416:. In the southwest they end at
277:Mesozoic for formation of rock,
3565:
3542:
3430:
2888:
2872:
2723:eastward to the valley of the
2625:The gradual subsidence of the
2391:
2057:Northern spectacled salamander
1813:
1735:
1418:and Sulmona: the railway from
1375:the Velino and Salto, and the
1143:(Sub-Apennines) on its right.
522:, which means mountain peak."
426:1,500 kilometres (930 mi)
13:
1:
7045:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga
6342:ot Liguria (belonging to the
6224:of Liguria (belonging to the
4501:Alpine biodiversity in Europe
4348:10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00139-6
4039:Sheri Foster (January 2021).
3512:
3336:1,407 m (4,616 ft)
3308:1,525 m (5,003 ft)
3298:1,560 m (5,120 ft)
3288:1,640 m (5,380 ft)
3280:1,701 m (5,581 ft)
3270:1,760 m (5,770 ft)
3262:1,799 m (5,902 ft)
3252:1,853 m (6,079 ft)
3244:1,894 m (6,214 ft)
3236:1,898 m (6,227 ft)
3225:1,900 m (6,200 ft)
3215:1,904 m (6,247 ft)
3207:1,915 m (6,283 ft)
3199:1,928 m (6,325 ft)
3183:1,946 m (6,385 ft)
3173:1,955 m (6,414 ft)
3157:2,005 m (6,578 ft)
3146:2,015 m (6,611 ft)
3130:2,017 m (6,617 ft)
3120:2,050 m (6,730 ft)
3104:2,053 m (6,736 ft)
3094:2,061 m (6,762 ft)
3084:2,121 m (6,959 ft)
3074:2,156 m (7,073 ft)
3066:2,165 m (7,103 ft)
3056:2,173 m (7,129 ft)
3046:2,217 m (7,274 ft)
3036:2,241 m (7,352 ft)
3026:2,267 m (7,438 ft)
3010:2,419 m (7,936 ft)
3002:2,476 m (8,123 ft)
2992:2,486 m (8,156 ft)
2982:2,793 m (9,163 ft)
2964:2,912 m (9,554 ft)
2350:Monti Sibillini National Park
1745:
813:separating it from the upper
455:, now extinct in the rest of
395:
296:Apennine fold and thrust belt
4291:10.1016/0012-8252(95)00009-7
4256:10.1016/0040-1951(91)90288-4
3470:
2719:. This system prevails from
2554:sequence, Northern Apennines
2017:Apennine yellow-bellied toad
1887:Apennine yellow-bellied toad
1794:(also a Mediterranean biome)
1029:and the plains and hills of
684:
490:
443:in Europe, now protected by
99:2,912 m (9,554 ft)
7:
5933:Water supply and sanitation
5357:Italian geographical region
5225:Monarchy and the World Wars
5167:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
5053:War of the Sicilian Vespers
4706:Timeline of Italian history
4617:"The Great Apennine Tunnel"
3503:National Science Foundation
3342:
1196:. They extend south to the
1189:Appennino umbro-marchigiano
1159:Appennino umbro-marchigiano
885:Aveto Natural Regional Park
661:island in association with
213:Relief map of the Apennines
10:
7344:
6980:Arcipelago di la Maddalena
5852:Inventions and discoveries
5262:Fall of the Fascist regime
5245:Fourth War of Independence
5203:Expedition of the Thousand
5193:Second War of Independence
4615:Irlam, Michael J. (2009).
4058:James Hansen (June 2018).
3681:Blackie & Blackie 1887
3555:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
3464:
3448:
3442:
2648:Subduction occurs along a
2637:analysis of the "Apennine
2471:
2216:and above all towards the
1854:
757:), and Umbrian Apennines (
621:Western Europe during the
610:
606:
567:, deriving also the Greek
544:, 'head', but an original
470:, is partially covered by
424:, for a total distance of
356:
36:
29:
7256:
7245:
7142:
7091:
6960:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise
6952:
6584:
6338:
6220:
6148:
5946:
5792:
5783:
5647:
5638:
5626:Security and intelligence
5499:
5490:
5352:
5343:
5286:
5213:Third War of Independence
5188:First War of Independence
5175:
5068:
4977:
4858:
4795:
4714:
4698:
4689:
3932:Pedrotti & Gafta 2003
3917:Pedrotti & Gafta 2003
3657:Pedrotti & Gafta 2003
2080:Italian Aesculapian snake
1991:European green woodpecker
723:European walking route E1
290:
271:
266:
227:
219:
205:
200:
180:
175:
167:
159:
154:
115:
103:
93:
82:
77:
55:
50:
32:Apennine (disambiguation)
7318:Mountain ranges of Italy
6975:Appennino Tosco-Emiliano
6398:Monte Castello (Liguria)
5304:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
5299:Institutional referendum
4619:. Mike's Railway History
4443:Lunardi, Pietro (2008).
4076:. EBN Italia. 1 May 2015
3423:
3418:Lunar Apennine mountains
2386:Aspromonte National Park
1850:
1387:km distant, such as the
1300:San Benedetto del Tronto
938:Tuscan–Emilian Apennines
754:Appennino tosco-emiliano
700:Appennino settentrionale
641:in central and southern
571:from the same root, but
502:, 'mountain', 'summit':
37:Not to be confused with
7328:Physiographic provinces
7323:Mountains of San Marino
6946:National parks of Italy
6403:Monte Caucaso (Liguria)
5827:Emigration and diaspora
5036:Guelphs and Ghibellines
5021:the Sardinian Judicates
4540:Encyclopædia Britannica
4183:The origin of mountains
4135:James, Kristen (2004),
4074:"Italian House Sparrow"
3950:(in Italian). p. 7
3560:www.merriam-webster.com
3490:List of longest tunnels
3413:List of mountain passes
3403:List of longest tunnels
2526:, before the Apennines
2491:beginning in the early
2021:Italian cave salamander
1987:White-backed woodpecker
1294:, which drain into the
1212:. Further north is the
1172:Umbria-Marche Apennines
1018:, and is now active in
994:A separate branch, the
987:. The highest point is
110:List of mountain ranges
5709:Science and technology
5657:Italian regions by GDP
5458:Marine protected areas
5130:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4600:Terrestrial Ecoregions
4529:Lake, Philip (1911). "
4217:Geologica Ultraiectina
3797:Martini & Vai 2001
3462:("mountain") or Greek
3458:
2937:
2927:
2917:
2907:
2814:
2808:
2798:
2789:
2753:
2743:
2733:
2622:
2584:
2555:
2484:
2370:Vesuvius National Park
2338:Italian national parks
2333:
2269:Marcus Terentius Varro
2218:Tavoliere delle Puglie
2205:
2176:of the country is the
1899:
1889:
1879:
1868:
1761:
1666:
1608:
1492:
1348:
1263:
1188:
1183:
1164:
1158:
1119:
964:
954:
860:
797:River valley to about
778:
759:
753:
747:
713:
705:
699:
694:
630:
382:
370:
365:
185:
6473:Monte Penna (Liguria)
6463:Monte delle Tre Croci
5908:Public administration
5016:the Holy Roman Empire
4602:. World Wildlife Fund
4467:(4/5). Archived from
4271:Earth-Science Reviews
4015:"Distribution: italy"
3970:"Appennini - Uccelli"
3869:. Parks.it. 1995–2010
2933:
2923:
2913:
2903:
2785:, Emilian Apennines,
2780:
2617:
2580:
2572:fault-block mountains
2545:
2479:
2366:Pollino National Park
2362:Maiella National Park
2330:Italian national park
2324:
2199:
2116:European green lizard
2033:Spectacled salamander
1895:
1885:
1874:
1864:
1845:Mediterranean climate
1779:north through south:
1753:
1716:, culminating in the
1662:
1603:
1482:
1395:, which receives the
1343:
1331:Majella National Park
1254:
1239:is located. Both the
1179:
1105:
960:
945:
928:Autostrada della Cisa
879:, tributaries of the
855:
774:
714:Appennino meridionale
692:
620:
387:[appenˈniːni]
139:42.46917°N 13.56583°E
6844:Monti delle Mainarde
6714:Monte Lauro in Gaeta
6265:Monte Carmo di Loano
6136:World Heritage Sites
5591:Council of Ministers
5329:Coronavirus pandemic
4727:Currency and coinage
4578:on 17 September 2007
4461:Annals of Geophysics
4019:The Reptile Database
3818:Merriam-Webster 2001
3698:MacBain's Dictionary
3090:Montagne del Morrone
2783:Pietra di Bismantova
2773:Stability of terrain
2564:fold and thrust belt
2261:Marsican brown bears
2224:mentions especially
2204:, Campanian Apennine
2200:Sheep-track near to
2172:of Italy, while the
2073:Italian crested newt
1948:European fallow deer
1944:Marsican brown bears
1208:, incorporated into
401:along the length of
223:Italy and San Marino
7147:Atmospheric science
6614:Maschio delle Faete
6609:Maschio dell'Ariano
6513:Rocche del Reopasso
5667:Automotive industry
5606:Metropolitan cities
5152:Early Modern period
5125:Kingdom of Sardinia
5076:Italian city-states
4592:"Appenine [
4558:. Summit Post. 2006
4556:"Ligurian Apennine"
4447:. Berlin: Springer.
4340:2000Tectp.324..267V
4283:1995ESRv...39..207V
4248:1991Tectp.196...23V
4097:The history of Rome
3844:, pp. 425–437.
3832:, pp. 413–414.
2879:Gran Sasso d'Italia
2804:Landslides in Italy
2629:(including that of
2108:Italian wall lizard
2053:Balearic green toad
2045:Italian edible frog
2029:Italian stream frog
1866:Marsican brown bear
1765:north and central:
1319:Gran Sasso d'Italia
1181:Sibillini Mountains
1165:Appennino abruzzese
1085:Bocca Serriola Pass
930:between Spezia and
840:, sometimes called
751:), Tuscan-Emilian (
727:Grand Italian Trail
453:Marsican brown bear
360:or Ἀπέννινον ὄρος;
251:43.2817°N 12.5817°E
247: /
135: /
7313:Apennine Mountains
7239:Quaternary science
7136:Physical geography
7020:Dolomiti Bellunesi
6985:Arcipelago Toscano
6619:Maschio di Lariano
6579:Mountains of Lazio
6438:Monte Groppo Rosso
5729:Telecommunications
5096:Maritime republics
4432:Deecke, W (1904).
4157:the region around
3854:Barchi et al. 2001
3683:, pp. 21, 154
3603:A Latin Dictionary
3393:Geography of Italy
3188:Monte Botte Donato
2938:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2790:
2711:or were raised by
2623:
2618:Boundaries of the
2610:Compressional zone
2556:
2485:
2382:Sila National Park
2334:
2206:
2031:(endemic) and the
2011:Eurasian eagle-owl
2009:(endemic) and the
1936:European snow vole
1900:
1890:
1880:
1869:
1762:
1722:Reggio di Calabria
1681:, a branch of the
1667:
1611:The valley of the
1609:
1493:
1470:Southern Apennines
1349:
1264:
1184:
1120:
1076:Variante di Valico
965:
955:
861:
805:) below the upper
779:
767:Ligurian Apennines
737:Northern Apennines
706:Appennino centrale
695:
639:technology complex
631:
464:Apennine peninsula
441:montane grasslands
418:Reggio di Calabria
308:Apennine Mountains
144:42.46917; 13.56583
78:Highest point
51:Apennine Mountains
18:Ligurian Apennines
7300:
7299:
7234:Landscape ecology
7178:Coastal geography
7102:
7101:
6912:
6911:
6839:Monti della Tolfa
6546:
6545:
6528:Monte Santa Croce
6448:Monte Maggiorasca
6423:Monte delle Figne
6373:Bric delle Camere
6344:Ligurian Apennine
6305:Monte Peso Grande
6300:Rocca delle Penne
6177:
6176:
6144:
6143:
5779:
5778:
5714:Southern question
5634:
5633:
5566:Political parties
5514:Foreign relations
5486:
5485:
5339:
5338:
5060:Kingdom of Naples
5048:Kingdom of Sicily
4427:. London: Murray.
3783:978-0-521-08691-2
3755:978-0-416-70650-5
3340:
3339:
3258:Monte Maggiorasca
3167:Aspromonte massif
2958:Gran Sasso massif
2143:Scardola scardafa
2092:Aesculapian snake
2037:Italian tree frog
2003:European nightjar
1932:Crested porcupine
1714:Italian Peninsula
1523:Daunian mountains
1302:in the north and
1274:and southeastern
1247:Abruzzi Apennines
1147:Central Apennines
1097:Città di Castello
893:Monte Maggiorasca
842:Colle di Cadibona
647:Middle Bronze Age
645:from the Italian
623:Middle Bronze Age
472:Calderone glacier
300:
299:
229:Range coordinates
16:(Redirected from
7335:
7288:
7287:
7276:
7264:
7263:
7251:
7169:Paleoclimatology
7129:
7122:
7115:
7106:
7105:
7097:
6939:
6932:
6925:
6916:
6915:
6869:Monti Prenestini
6849:Monti della Meta
6834:Monti della Laga
6809:Monte Terminillo
6749:Monte Semprevisa
6709:Monte Guadagnolo
6573:
6566:
6559:
6550:
6549:
6478:Piani di Praglia
6433:Cima Fontanaccia
6320:Monte Saccarello
6260:Carmo di Brocchi
6214:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6181:
6180:
6167:
6166:
6159:Italy portal
6156:
6155:
6096:National symbols
5790:
5789:
5645:
5644:
5497:
5496:
5350:
5349:
5230:Kingdom of Italy
5157:Napoleonic Italy
4696:
4695:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4544:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4504:
4494:
4484:
4475:
4473:
4458:
4448:
4439:
4428:
4417:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4360:
4359:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4277:(3–4): 207–246.
4266:
4260:
4259:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3645:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3594:
3583:
3569:
3563:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3522:
3506:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3387:
3385:Mountains portal
3382:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3371:Geography portal
3368:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3325:
3321:
3314:Monte San Vicino
3267:Monte Giovarello
3204:Corno alle Scale
3042:Monte Terminillo
3015:Serra Dolcedorme
2940:
2817:
2811:
2809:Il Progetto IFFI
2801:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2693:Extensional zone
2659:
2652:, along which a
2538:Apennine orogeny
2529:
2288:evocatus Augusti
2283:, to be found.
2277:Pyrenean chamois
2273:Rerum rusticarum
2186:founding of Rome
2127:Lombardy lamprey
2112:Podarcis muralis
2088:Green whip snake
1999:Egyptian vulture
1971:Eurasian goshawk
1956:Pyrenean chamois
1952:European mouflon
1808:Hemicryptophytes
1741:Vegetative zones
1726:Appennino siculo
1680:
1566:Nocera Inferiore
1454:valley, and the
1386:
1315:Monti della Laga
1304:Torino di Sangro
1260:Campo Imperatore
1222:
1192:)) runs through
1191:
1167:
1161:
918:, and the Fiume
793:below the upper
762:
756:
750:
748:Appennino ligure
745:: the Ligurian (
718:
716:
708:
702:
652:
635:Apennine culture
627:Apennine culture
613:Apennine culture
569:Pindus Mountains
537:is cognate with
513:
508:
427:
400:
397:
389:
376:
373:
359:
358:
346:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
262:
261:
259:
258:
257:
256:43.2817; 12.5817
252:
248:
245:
244:
243:
240:
211:
196:
188:
150:
149:
147:
146:
145:
140:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
60:
48:
47:
21:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7296:
7252:
7243:
7173:Palaeogeography
7138:
7133:
7103:
7098:
7089:
7055:Monti Sibillini
6948:
6943:
6913:
6908:
6899:Monti Tiburtini
6894:Monti Simbruini
6864:Monti Lucretili
6769:Monte di Cambio
6649:Monte Carbonaro
6634:Monte Artemisio
6624:Meta (mountain)
6580:
6577:
6547:
6542:
6533:Monte Sciguello
6334:
6325:Monte Settepani
6310:Ronco di Maglio
6295:Monte Grammondo
6216:
6212:
6208:
6178:
6173:
6153:
6140:
6111:Public holidays
5942:
5888:Life expectancy
5775:
5630:
5546:Law enforcement
5482:
5335:
5282:
5271:Social Republic
5235:Colonial Empire
5218:Capture of Rome
5171:
5064:
4973:
4866:Ancient peoples
4854:
4791:
4752:Historic states
4710:
4685:
4676:
4638:
4636:
4631:
4622:
4620:
4605:
4603:
4590:
4581:
4579:
4570:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4551:
4517:
4515:
4471:
4456:
4408:
4403:
4395:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4374:, p. 1124.
4372:Margheriti 2006
4370:
4363:
4323:
4316:
4267:
4263:
4232:
4228:
4212:
4208:
4204:, p. 1120.
4202:Margheriti 2006
4200:
4193:
4179:
4175:
4163:above sea level
4133:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4056:
4052:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3911:
3903:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3742:
3735:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3679:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3610:
3595:
3586:
3570:
3566:
3547:
3543:
3534:
3532:
3530:opentopomap.org
3524:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3383:
3378:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3323:
3319:
3189:
3163:
3140:Simbruini range
3136:
3126:Alpe di Succiso
3110:
3016:
2972:
2954:
2891:
2875:
2775:
2695:
2678:Gulf of Taranto
2657:
2612:
2604:tectonic plates
2540:
2527:
2474:
2394:
2319:
2295:mineral springs
2267:, spoken of by
2194:
2178:Italian sparrow
2170:national animal
2110:(endemic), the
2082:(endemic), the
2061:Fire salamander
2059:(endemic), the
2047:(endemic), the
2039:(endemic), the
2035:(endemic), the
2027:(endemic), the
2023:(endemic), the
2019:(endemic), the
2007:Italian sparrow
1983:European roller
1967:Bonelli's eagle
1946:(endemic), the
1940:Apennine shrews
1859:
1853:
1841:Oceanic climate
1816:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1730:Pizzo Carbonara
1689:to the ancient
1674:
1657:
1598:
1596:Lucan Apennines
1485:Monti Picentini
1477:
1472:
1426:(and thence to
1384:
1321:Massif and the
1311:Monti Sibillini
1249:
1216:
1206:Monti Sibillini
1174:
1149:
940:
769:
760:Appennino umbro
739:
710:
687:
679:Capitoline Hill
669:pottery and on
650:
615:
609:
512:" its etymology
511:
503:
493:
425:
398:
374:
344:
315:
311:
278:
255:
253:
249:
246:
241:
238:
236:
234:
233:
215:
214:
190:
186:Monti Appennini
143:
141:
137:
134:
129:
126:
124:
122:
121:
73:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7341:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7282:
7270:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7246:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7184:
7175:
7162:
7160:Phytogeography
7153:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7132:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7109:
7100:
7099:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6956:
6954:
6953:National parks
6950:
6949:
6942:
6941:
6934:
6927:
6919:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6884:Monti Sabatini
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6789:Monte Petrella
6786:
6781:
6776:
6774:Monte le Pezze
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6754:Monte Sorgenze
6751:
6746:
6741:
6739:Monte Cervello
6736:
6731:
6726:
6724:Le Rave Fosche
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6576:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6553:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6523:Monte Roncalla
6520:
6518:Monte Ramaceto
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6488:Monte Pracaban
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6468:Monte Orditano
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6413:Bric del Dente
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6368:Bric del Terma
6365:
6360:
6355:
6353:Monte Alpesisa
6349:
6347:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6330:Monte Spinarda
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6270:Monte Colombin
6267:
6262:
6257:
6255:Monte Camulera
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6235:Bric Agnellino
6231:
6229:
6218:
6217:
6207:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6184:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6161:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5719:Stock exchange
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5621:Municipalities
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5581:Prime Minister
5578:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5468:Regional parks
5465:
5463:National parks
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5372:Climate change
5364:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5237:
5232:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5135:Duchy of Savoy
5132:
5127:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5045:
5043:Lombard League
5040:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4965:Western Empire
4957:
4952:
4950:Roman conquest
4947:
4942:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4871:Italic peoples
4862:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4629:
4612:
4588:
4568:
4550:
4549:External links
4547:
4546:
4545:
4535:Chisholm, Hugh
4512:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4496:
4486:
4476:
4474:on 2010-06-19.
4449:
4440:
4429:
4418:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4398:on 2011-07-17.
4376:
4361:
4334:(4): 267–320.
4328:Tectonophysics
4314:
4261:
4242:(1–2): 23–60.
4236:Tectonophysics
4226:
4206:
4191:
4173:
4124:
4102:
4087:
4065:
4050:
4031:
4005:
3983:
3961:
3936:
3921:
3909:
3907:, p. 162.
3880:
3858:
3856:, p. 216.
3846:
3834:
3822:
3801:
3789:
3782:
3761:
3754:
3733:
3718:
3703:
3685:
3673:
3661:
3646:
3644:, p. 161.
3631:
3608:
3584:
3564:
3541:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3374:
3360:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:Monte Fumaiolo
3328:
3327:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3179:Monte Pisanino
3175:
3174:
3171:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:Pollino massif
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2976:Majella massif
2966:
2965:
2962:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2890:
2887:
2874:
2871:
2827:Emilia-Romagna
2825:(LI of 13.9),
2787:Emilia-Romagna
2774:
2771:
2739:Anti-Apennines
2694:
2691:
2620:Adriatic Plate
2611:
2608:
2576:Tyrrhenian Sea
2539:
2536:
2512:Alpine Orogeny
2473:
2470:
2466:Lago di Pilato
2446:Aterno-Pescara
2393:
2390:
2318:
2317:National parks
2315:
2299:Bagni di Lucca
2257:Italian wolves
2193:
2190:
2147:European perch
2100:Vipera ursinii
1928:Etruscan shrew
1904:Italian wolves
1897:European perch
1857:Fauna of Italy
1852:
1849:
1815:
1812:
1800:vascular plant
1798:The number of
1796:
1795:
1788:
1777:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1687:Aequum Tuticum
1656:
1653:
1597:
1594:
1588:ran nearly to
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1448:Adriatic coast
1306:in the south.
1248:
1245:
1225:Frasassi Caves
1173:
1170:
1148:
1145:
1141:Anti-Apennines
1132:Monte Fumaiolo
1112:Mount Fumaiolo
1106:Source of the
1091:, which links
1072:Simplon Tunnel
1063:Emilia-Romagna
973:Emilia-Romagna
951:Emilia Romagna
939:
936:
768:
765:
738:
735:
686:
683:
611:Main article:
608:
605:
560:reconstructed
492:
489:
457:Central Europe
445:national parks
392:mountain range
371:Apenninus Mons
298:
297:
294:
288:
287:
275:
269:
268:
264:
263:
231:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
212:
206:
203:
202:
198:
197:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
61:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7340:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7293:
7292:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7250:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7215:Geostatistics
7213:
7211:
7210:Geomorphology
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7130:
7125:
7123:
7118:
7116:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7096:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7040:Gran Paradiso
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6940:
6935:
6933:
6928:
6926:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6905:
6904:Monti Volsini
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6874:Monti Reatini
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6819:Monti Aurunci
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Monte Soratte
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6794:Monte Pizzuto
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6704:Monte Gorzano
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6694:Mont Fogliano
6692:
6690:
6689:Monte Fammera
6687:
6685:
6684:Monte Faggeto
6682:
6680:
6679:Monte Dragone
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6604:Monte Appiolo
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6574:
6569:
6567:
6562:
6560:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6539:
6538:Monte Taccone
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6458:Monte Penello
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6428:Monte Figogna
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6285:Cima Garlenda
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:Monte Bignone
6248:
6246:
6245:Rocca Barbena
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:Ligurian Alps
6223:
6219:
6215:
6210:Mountains of
6205:
6200:
6198:
6193:
6191:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6170:
6162:
6160:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Years of Lead
5312:
5310:
5309:Economic Boom
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5252:Fascist Italy
5250:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Niçard exodus
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:Magna Graecia
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4673:
4668:
4666:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4618:
4613:
4601:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4525:public domain
4514:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4419:
4415:
4412:"Apennines".
4410:
4409:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4321:
4319:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4210:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4153:and into the
4152:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4112:
4106:
4098:
4095:Livy (1797).
4091:
4075:
4069:
4061:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4020:
4016:
4009:
3993:
3987:
3971:
3965:
3946:
3940:
3934:, p. 73.
3933:
3928:
3926:
3919:, p. 79.
3918:
3913:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3868:
3862:
3855:
3850:
3843:
3838:
3831:
3826:
3820:, p. 59.
3819:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3798:
3793:
3785:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3738:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3558:, on-line on
3557:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3477:
3472:
3460:
3455:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3375:
3372:
3361:
3358:
3347:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:Monte Pennino
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:Monte Gottero
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3135:Monte Cotento
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:Matese massif
3109:Monte Miletto
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3052:Monte Sibilla
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:Pizzo di Sevo
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2998:Monte Vettore
2996:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2925:Monte Vettore
2922:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:Valle d'Aosta
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2749:Pre-Apennines
2745:
2744:Antiappennini
2740:
2735:
2730:
2729:Sub-Apennines
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:Monte Gargano
2666:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2505:Alpine system
2502:
2499:, the middle
2498:
2494:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2328:, the oldest
2327:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2242:reforestation
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:In Italy the
2203:
2202:Ariano Irpino
2198:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:national bird
2171:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2159:Northern pike
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:Eurasian carp
2136:
2132:
2131:Italian bleak
2128:
2124:
2123:Brook lamprey
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:Alpine chough
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:Corsican hare
1905:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:Mount Gargano
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:all ran from
1441:
1440:Via Tiburtina
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:to the River
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1258:mountain and
1257:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:Monte Vettore
1199:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
959:
952:
948:
944:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
858:
854:
850:
847:
846:Ligurian Alps
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:Gulf of Genoa
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:, from about
788:
787:Gulf of Genoa
784:
777:
773:
764:
761:
755:
749:
744:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
707:
701:
691:
682:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
654:
648:
644:
640:
636:
628:
624:
619:
614:
604:
602:
598:
597:
592:
588:
585:, as well as
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:
562:Indo-European
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
506:
501:
498:
488:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:Ligurian Alps
407:
404:
393:
388:
384:
380:
372:
367:
363:
353:
349:
348:
339:
309:
305:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
265:
260:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
204:
199:
194:
187:
183:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
148:
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7289:
7277:
7265:
7187:Soil science
7182:Oceanography
7156:Biogeography
7010:Cinque Vette
7005:Cinque Terre
6889:Monti Sabini
6859:Monti Lepini
6854:Monti Ernici
6829:Monti Cimini
6824:Monti Ausoni
6799:Monte Ruazzo
6744:Monte Revole
6729:Monte Livata
6674:Monte Crispi
6659:Monte Cefalo
6639:Monte Autore
6599:Monte Altino
6483:Monte Porale
6453:Punta Martin
6363:Monte Beigua
6358:Monte Antola
6315:Monte Monega
6290:Bric Gettina
6280:Monte Galero
6275:Monte Frontè
5996:Architecture
5966:Quattrocento
5923:Social class
5903:Prostitution
5817:Demographics
5739:Trade unions
5682:Central Bank
5524:Human rights
5504:Constitution
5408:
5287:Contemporary
5257:World War II
5145:Italian Wars
5069:Early modern
5011:Papal States
4989:Italy under
4935:Ancient Rome
4637:. Retrieved
4621:. Retrieved
4604:. Retrieved
4599:
4593:
4580:. Retrieved
4576:the original
4560:. Retrieved
4538:
4500:
4490:
4480:
4469:the original
4464:
4460:
4444:
4434:
4423:
4413:
4406:Bibliography
4393:the original
4379:
4331:
4327:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4148:
4136:
4115:. Retrieved
4113:(in Italian)
4105:
4096:
4090:
4078:. Retrieved
4068:
4053:
4045:Yourtrip.com
4044:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4018:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3994:(in Italian)
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3972:(in Italian)
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3939:
3912:
3871:. Retrieved
3861:
3849:
3842:Lunardi 2008
3837:
3830:Lunardi 2008
3825:
3799:, p. 3.
3792:
3773:
3745:
3727:
3721:
3712:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3676:
3671:, p. 23
3664:
3659:, p. 75
3621:
3602:
3575:
3567:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3533:. Retrieved
3529:
3520:
3497:
3484:
3475:
3453:
3437:
3432:
3357:Italy portal
3304:Monte Nerone
3276:Monte Catria
3249:Monte Maggio
3193:Sila plateau
3191:
3165:
3138:
3112:
3071:Monte Viglio
3062:Monte Cimone
3018:
2988:Monte Velino
2974:
2956:
2952:Corno Grande
2915:Monte Velino
2905:Corno Grande
2892:
2876:
2820:
2803:
2791:
2754:Preappennini
2748:
2738:
2734:Subappennini
2728:
2698:
2696:
2686:upper mantle
2672:cutting off
2662:
2654:hanging wall
2647:
2643:Adriatic Sea
2635:seismic wave
2624:
2595:
2592:
2585:
2581:
2561:
2557:
2516:
2509:
2486:
2395:
2335:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2272:
2264:
2252:
2246:
2237:
2210:transhumance
2207:
2192:Transhumance
2182:Western Alps
2166:Italian wolf
2163:
2151:Chubius Chub
2135:Horse barbel
2120:
2104:Vipera aspis
2096:Smooth snake
2077:
2025:Italian newt
2014:
1963:golden eagle
1960:
1901:
1876:Italian wolf
1817:
1797:
1759:Mount Cimone
1725:
1706:Botte Donato
1699:
1672:Via Herculia
1668:
1610:
1584:, while the
1542:volcanic arc
1521:
1494:
1456:Monti Lepini
1436:Via Caecilia
1405:
1350:
1335:Corno Grande
1308:
1288:River Tronto
1265:
1237:Via Flaminia
1185:
1154:
1150:
1137:Tiber Valley
1121:
1087:in northern
1068:
1039:Via Flaminia
1024:
993:
989:Monte Cimone
967:Starting at
966:
947:Monte Cimone
909:
897:
862:
831:
803:La Cisa pass
783:Ligurian Sea
780:
776:La Cisa pass
740:
720:
703:), central (
696:
675:
655:
632:
595:
590:
586:
581:
576:
572:
564:
550:labio-velars
545:
541:
534:
530:
526:
524:
519:
515:
504:
499:
494:
480:Adriatic Sea
468:Corno Grande
461:
449:Italian wolf
438:
357:Ἀπέννινα ὄρη
307:
303:
301:
292:Type of rock
89:(Great Horn)
87:Corno Grande
63:Corno Grande
39:Pennine Alps
7165:Climatology
7151:Meteorology
7060:Pantelleria
7035:Gennargentu
6965:Alta Murgia
6879:Monti Ruffi
6814:Monte Zappi
6759:Monte Trina
6734:Monte Caira
6719:Monte Lauzo
6699:Monte Fusco
6644:Monte Cairo
6594:Monte Abate
6589:Alban Hills
6508:Monte Reixa
6503:Monte Reale
6493:Monte Prelà
6418:Monte Fasce
6408:Monte Colma
6393:Monte Carmo
6061:Italophilia
6021:Coat of arm
5971:Cinquecento
5847:Immigration
5797:Aristocracy
5662:Agriculture
5556:Nationality
5529:LGBT rights
5443:Earthquakes
5324:Mani pulite
5240:World War I
5183:Unification
5176:Late modern
5140:Renaissance
4985:Middle Ages
4978:Middle Ages
4955:Roman Italy
4722:Citizenship
4639:16 February
4623:16 February
4606:16 February
4582:16 February
4562:16 February
4510:Attribution
4149:During the
3669:Deecke 1904
3599:"Apenninus"
3100:Monte Prado
3080:Monte Cusna
2970:Monte Amaro
2889:Major peaks
2873:Glacial ice
2841:(16.0) and
2725:Tiber River
2701:fault-block
2548:pillow lava
2392:Hydrography
2303:Montecatini
2145:(endemic),
2137:(endemic),
2133:(endemic),
2125:(endemic),
2069:Alpine newt
2065:Smooth newt
2049:Common toad
1942:(endemic),
1906:(endemic),
1814:Alpine zone
1736:Environment
1685:, ran from
1683:Via Traiana
1675: [
1586:Via Traiana
1432:Via Salaria
1373:tributaries
1371:, with its
1357:Lago Fucino
1217: [
1130:flows from
1124:Tiber River
985:Tiber River
889:Monte Penna
823:Alessandria
819:Acqui Terme
651:sub- phases
629:is in blue.
505:A-penn-inus
474:, the only
286:for orogeny
273:Age of rock
254: /
181:Native name
142: /
117:Coordinates
7307:Categories
7220:Glaciology
7200:Geobiology
7195:Edaphology
7080:Val Grande
6995:Aspromonte
6784:Monte Orso
6654:Monte Cavo
6498:Monte Rama
6443:Monte Leco
6388:Monte Bano
6383:Monte Buio
6240:Monte Alpe
6131:Traditions
6121:Television
6106:Philosophy
6071:Literature
6011:Cathedrals
5981:Settecento
5842:Healthcare
5807:Corruption
5802:Censorship
5561:Parliament
5519:Government
5319:Maxi Trial
5267:Resistance
4996:Ostrogoths
4928:Messapians
4813:Villanovan
4803:Prehistory
4796:Prehistory
4300:1874/19084
4155:Quaternary
4117:13 October
4111:"Tratturi"
3535:2023-06-11
3513:References
3454:Apenn-inus
3221:Monte Alpi
3212:Monte Alto
3032:Monte Meta
2935:Monte Meta
2794:landslides
2639:Subduction
2596:Stockwerke
2588:anticlines
2495:(about 20
2307:Monsummano
2084:Dice snake
2071:, and the
2041:Agile frog
1855:See also:
1827:grasslands
1825:is mainly
1746:Ecoregions
1718:Aspromonte
1664:Aspromonte
1621:Basilicata
1562:Campobasso
1556:and on to
1509:Garigliano
1256:Gran Sasso
1233:Furlo Pass
996:Apuan Alps
962:Apuan Alps
905:Giovi Pass
901:Trenitalia
729:begins in
711:southern (
589:and Latin
434:Tyrrhenian
403:peninsular
366:Appenninus
284:Quaternary
155:Dimensions
130:13°33′57″E
7229:Limnology
7225:Hydrology
6378:Monte Bue
6340:Apennines
6091:Mythology
6066:Libraries
5986:Ottocento
5928:Terrorism
5869:Languages
5822:Education
5744:Transport
5694:Companies
5601:Provinces
5571:President
5536:Judiciary
5509:Elections
5421:Volcanoes
5416:Volcanism
5409:Apennines
5394:Mountains
5362:Peninsula
5345:Geography
5276:Civil War
5001:Byzantium
4908:Etruscans
4843:Canegrate
4838:Golasecca
4823:Rinaldone
4818:Terramare
4808:Neolithic
4531:Apennines
4356:130289171
4309:128811666
3905:Lake 1911
3726:"*pet-".
3642:Lake 1911
3576:Geography
3550:Apennines
3476:Apenninus
3443:Ἀπέννινος
3438:Apenninus
2895:tree line
2847:Po Valley
2823:Lombardia
2627:Po Valley
2600:slab pull
2552:ophiolite
2519:Po Valley
2410:Marecchia
2311:Sangemini
2281:steinbock
2253:Hist. Nat
2251:: Pliny (
2238:Hist. Nat
1836:snow line
1820:tree line
1710:Catanzaro
1633:Metaponto
1576:ran from
1574:Via Appia
1554:Benevento
1539:Campanian
1491:Apennines
1489:Campanian
1487:, in the
1241:Etruscans
1110:river at
1027:Po Valley
1000:La Spezia
981:Futa Pass
969:Cisa Pass
924:Cisa Pass
916:La Spezia
899:testify.
887:includes
827:Po Valley
815:Po Valley
799:La Spezia
743:subchains
685:Geography
539:Old Irish
491:Etymology
383:Appennini
304:Apennines
242:12°34.9′E
239:43°16.9′N
220:Countries
201:Geography
127:42°28′9″N
95:Elevation
7267:Category
7191:Pedology
7085:Vesuvius
6169:Category
6056:Internet
6046:Folklore
5976:Seicento
5961:Trecento
5956:Duecento
5918:Religion
5879:Regional
5857:Italians
5832:Gambling
5724:Taxation
5551:Military
5492:Politics
5294:Republic
5081:Florence
5006:Lombards
4945:Republic
4891:Samnites
4886:Picentes
4828:Apennine
4787:Railways
4767:Military
4715:By topic
4699:Overview
4683:articles
4167:Pliocene
4145:43061617
3998:11 March
3976:11 March
3954:11 March
3873:15 March
3449:Ἀπέννινα
3343:See also
3322:m (4,856
3162:Montalto
2883:moraines
2867:foredeep
2843:Piemonte
2837:(14.0),
2833:(19.4),
2829:(11.4),
2767:Campania
2713:isostasy
2568:Adriatic
2550:from an
2532:foredeep
2528:existed.
2462:Volturno
2460:and the
1954:and the
1695:Calabria
1617:Barletta
1582:Brindisi
1558:Avellino
1513:Volturno
1416:Avezzano
1381:Adriatic
1296:Adriatic
1229:forested
1051:Florence
1041:between
881:Po River
875:and the
558:Brugmann
554:Windisch
451:and the
430:Ligurian
390:) are a
43:Pennines
7291:Commons
7205:Geology
7075:Stelvio
7065:Pollino
7050:Majella
7030:Gargano
6990:Asinara
6213:Liguria
6126:Theatre
6101:Palaces
6081:Museums
6051:Gardens
6036:Fashion
6026:Cuisine
6006:Castles
5948:Culture
5898:Poverty
5874:Italian
5785:Society
5766:Welfare
5734:Tourism
5704:Exports
5672:Banking
5652:Economy
5640:Economy
5596:Regions
5478:Valleys
5448:Islands
5428:Beaches
5399:Prealps
5379:Geology
5367:Climate
5031:Normans
4991:Odoacer
4940:Kingdom
4923:Ligures
4859:Ancient
4833:Nuragic
4782:Postage
4757:Judaism
4747:Genetic
4737:Fashion
4732:Economy
4691:History
4537:(ed.).
4527::
4336:Bibcode
4279:Bibcode
4244:Bibcode
4151:Neogene
4024:22 June
3711:"pin".
3694:"ceann"
3474:), but
3440:(Greek
3241:La Nuda
3232:Cervati
2946:Height
2855:Tuscany
2851:Liguria
2831:Marches
2759:Tuscany
2721:Corsica
2709:grabens
2501:Miocene
2493:Neogene
2489:orogeny
2472:Geology
2418:Metauro
2414:Rubicon
2402:Secchia
2249:Abruzzi
2236:woods,
2214:Maremma
2168:is the
1924:marmots
1916:weasels
1912:badgers
1829:of the
1823:ecotone
1804:ecotone
1790:south:
1702:isthmus
1697:begin.
1691:Nerulum
1649:Basento
1645:Bradano
1641:Pollino
1629:Potenza
1625:Basento
1605:Pollino
1570:Taranto
1550:Sulmona
1531:Cilento
1517:Fortore
1446:to the
1428:Foligno
1412:Pescara
1393:Pescara
1365:Sulmona
1345:Majella
1323:Majella
1284:orogeny
1268:Abruzzo
1262:plateau
1235:on the
1059:Bologna
1055:Tuscany
1031:Tuscany
1020:Carrara
1004:Serchio
977:Tuscany
873:Trebbia
869:Scrivia
865:Carcare
857:Trebbia
825:in the
795:Bormida
785:in the
731:Trieste
709:), and
607:History
535:Pen/Ben
485:Liguria
476:glacier
379:Italian
347:-ə-nyne
280:Neogene
267:Geology
193:Italian
105:Listing
71:Abruzzo
7279:Portal
7015:Circeo
6669:Circeo
6157:
6031:Design
6016:Cinema
5991:Anthem
5913:Racism
5862:People
5837:Health
5699:Energy
5689:Brands
5616:Comune
5611:Cities
5473:Rivers
5433:Canals
5116:Amalfi
5101:Venice
4960:Empire
4901:Veneti
4876:Latins
4848:Latial
4681:
4533:". In
4521:
4354:
4307:
4223:: 288.
4159:Amiata
4143:
4080:10 May
3780:
3752:
3580:book 5
3572:Strabo
3548:Entry
3436:Latin
3324:
3320:
3230:Monte
3153:Sirino
3151:Monte
2859:Umbria
2835:Molise
2717:horsts
2682:Sicily
2674:Apulia
2665:strike
2658:
2631:Venice
2458:Sangro
2456:, the
2452:, the
2450:Aniene
2448:, the
2444:, the
2442:Tronto
2440:, the
2438:Velino
2436:, the
2432:, the
2428:, the
2424:, the
2420:, the
2416:, the
2412:, the
2408:, the
2404:, the
2400:, the
2398:Panaro
2384:, the
2380:, the
2376:, the
2372:, the
2368:, the
2364:, the
2360:, the
2356:, the
2352:, the
2348:, the
2344:, the
2340:: the
2114:, the
2106:, the
2102:, the
2098:, the
2094:, the
2090:, the
2086:, the
2067:, the
2063:, the
2055:, the
2051:, the
2043:, the
2005:, the
2001:, the
1997:, the
1993:, the
1989:, the
1985:, the
1981:, the
1977:, the
1975:hoopoe
1973:, the
1969:, the
1965:, the
1950:, the
1787:biome)
1637:Sibari
1613:Ofanto
1607:massif
1546:Naples
1527:Apulia
1501:Matese
1497:Sangro
1401:Sangro
1397:Aterno
1389:Tronto
1385:
1377:Aniene
1361:Aquila
1347:massif
1317:, the
1313:, the
1292:Sangro
1272:Molise
1198:Tronto
1089:Umbria
1047:Rimini
1012:marble
871:, the
838:Altare
834:Savona
791:Savona
671:Lipari
659:Ischia
625:: the
601:Latium
573:*kwen-
546:*kwen-
497:Celtic
436:seas.
422:Sicily
414:Altare
375:
189:
176:Naming
160:Length
6629:Monna
6116:Sport
6086:Music
6076:Media
5938:Women
5812:Crime
5677:Banks
5453:Lakes
5438:Caves
5389:Flora
5384:Fauna
5106:Genoa
5091:Milan
5086:Siena
5026:Arabs
4913:Celts
4896:Umbri
4772:Music
4742:Flags
4679:Italy
4472:(PDF)
4457:(PDF)
4396:(PDF)
4389:(PDF)
4352:S2CID
4305:S2CID
4141:S2CID
3948:(PDF)
3626:(PDF)
3552:, in
3424:Notes
3318:1,480
2863:Lazio
2763:Lazio
2747:) or
2737:) or
2715:into
2705:fault
2650:fault
2483:river
2430:Savio
2426:Tiber
2265:rotae
2234:beech
2222:Pliny
2155:Tench
1920:foxes
1851:Fauna
1774:biome
1679:]
1590:Troia
1578:Capua
1544:near
1525:, in
1460:Sacco
1452:Tiber
1424:Terni
1353:Rieti
1276:Lazio
1221:]
1194:Cagli
1108:Tiber
1035:Lazio
932:Parma
912:Magra
859:river
807:Magra
667:LHIII
643:Italy
637:is a
596:penna
591:pinna
577:*kwi-
575:<
565:*kwi-
406:Italy
362:Latin
352:Greek
168:Width
7070:Sila
6222:Alps
6041:Flag
5771:Wine
5759:road
5754:rail
5585:List
5575:List
5404:Alps
5269:and
5111:Pisa
4881:Osci
4777:Name
4762:LGBT
4641:2010
4625:2010
4608:2010
4584:2010
4564:2010
4119:2023
4082:2015
4026:2021
4000:2022
3978:2022
3956:2022
3875:2010
3778:ISBN
3750:ISBN
3471:óros
3465:ὄρος
3459:mons
3326:ft)
2943:Name
2861:and
2781:The
2765:and
2663:The
2660:km.
2481:Liri
2454:Liri
2434:Nera
2422:Arno
2406:Reno
2232:and
2226:pine
2164:The
2157:and
1979:hawk
1938:and
1878:pack
1843:and
1818:The
1505:Liri
1483:The
1464:Liri
1462:and
1444:Rome
1438:and
1420:Orte
1414:via
1408:Rome
1369:Nera
1363:and
1329:and
1280:Rome
1128:Rome
1122:The
1116:Rome
1095:and
1093:Fano
1057:and
1045:and
1043:Rome
1033:and
1016:Luna
1008:Pisa
975:and
920:Taro
877:Taro
665:and
663:LHII
633:The
556:and
542:cenn
500:penn
432:and
302:The
83:Peak
6001:Art
5749:air
5541:Law
4594:sic
4344:doi
4332:324
4295:hdl
4287:doi
4252:doi
4240:196
3446:or
2524:mya
2497:mya
2279:or
2230:oak
1757:at
1631:to
1552:to
1507:or
1422:to
1410:to
1126:at
1061:in
1053:in
863:At
763:).
593:or
587:pen
582:pin
531:ben
527:pen
520:Ben
518:or
516:Pen
412:at
368:or
306:or
65:in
41:or
7309::
7227:/
7193:/
7189:/
7180:/
7171:/
7167:/
7158:/
7149:/
4598:.
4465:49
4463:.
4459:.
4364:^
4350:.
4342:.
4330:.
4317:^
4303:.
4293:.
4285:.
4275:39
4273:.
4250:.
4238:.
4221:92
4219:.
4194:^
4147:,
4127:^
4043:.
4017:.
3924:^
3883:^
3804:^
3764:^
3736:^
3696:.
3649:^
3634:^
3611:^
3601:.
3587:^
3578:,
3574:,
3528:.
2857:,
2853:,
2769:.
2761:,
2546:A
2468:.
2388:.
2305:,
2301:,
2228:,
2188:.
2161:.
2153:,
2149:,
2141:,
2129:,
2118:.
2075:.
1958:.
1934:,
1930:,
1926:,
1922:,
1918:,
1914:,
1910:,
1847:.
1806:.
1728:)—
1677:it
1647:,
1519:.
1466:.
1434:,
1403:.
1270:,
1219:it
1099:.
1022:.
934:.
907:.
717:).
552:.
487:.
459:.
396:c.
381::
364::
354::
350:;
345:AP
332:aɪ
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4311:.
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3958:.
3877:.
3786:.
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3730:.
3715:.
3700:.
3582:.
3562:.
3538:.
3505:.
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