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kept the two ammunition chests on the caisson full, preferably supplying the gun from the third ammunition chest on the caisson's limber. When the ammunition from the ammunition chest on the piece's limber was exhausted, the piece's limber and the caisson's limber exchanged places. The empty ammunition chest was removed, and then the middle chest on the caisson was moved forward onto the limber. A fully loaded ammunition chest for a "Napoleon" 12-pounder weighed 650 pounds, so the chest was dragged and pushed, rather than lifted, into place. With a full ammunition chest in place, the limber was ready to move forward and supply the piece.
31:
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vital over-run braking system for the gun. Both the unsatisfactory, and consequently short lived, trailer artillery No. 24 and the far more usual No. 27, had the same type of wheel hubs as the gun. The No. 27 also carried 32 rounds of ammunition, had a useful stores tray on the front and brackets for a gun traversing platform and spare hub on the top .
276:
When the artillery piece was in action, the piece's limber would have been six yards behind the piece, depending on the terrain, with the caisson and its limber farther to the rear of the firing line, preferably behind some natural cover such as a ridge. While firing the piece, if possible, the crew
259:
Six horses were the preferred team for a field piece, with four being considered the minimum team. Horses were harnessed in pairs on either side of the limber pole. A driver rode on each left-hand ("near") horse and held reins for both the horse he rode and the horse to his right (the "off horse").
298:
limbers, unlike field artillery limbers, did not have an ammunition chest. Siege artillery limbers resembled their predecessors: they were two-wheeled carts with a pintle, now somewhat behind the axle. When the piece was to be hauled, the trail was raised above the limber, then lowered, with the
323:
could tow artillery pieces but did not completely take over until after the end of the Second World War. Many armies retained limbers seemingly from sheer inertia. As a field artillery piece, the
British 25-pdr was designed to be towed only in conjunction with a trailer. The trailer provided the
263:
In addition to hauling the artillery piece, the limber also hauled the caisson, a two-wheeled cart that carried two extra ammunition chests, a spare wheel and extra limber pole slung beneath. There was one caisson for each artillery piece in a battery. The
268:
could ride the ammunition chests on the limbers and the caisson when speed was required, but to do so for any length of time was too tiring for the horses, so cannoneers generally walked. The exception to this rule would be in
245:) at the end of the trail. To move the piece, the lunette was dropped over the pintle hook (which resembles a modern trailer hitch). The connection was secured by inserting a pintle hook key into the pintle.
156:
were harnessed in single file to haul the limber. There was no provision for carrying ammunition on the limber, but an ammunition chest was often carried between the two pieces of the trail.
299:
pintle fitting into a hole in the trail. Unlike the situation with its predecessors, horses were harnessed to the 19th-century limber in pairs, with six to ten horses needed to haul a
337:
104:) is a two-wheeled cart designed to carry artillery ammunition; the British term is "ammunition wagon". Caissons are also used to bear the casket of the deceased in some
791:
484:
is used in this way for a state funeral in
Britain, the coffin is usually placed on a platform mounted on top of the gun and referred to as being carried on a
249:
355:
248:
The quantity of ammunition in the chest, which could be detached from the limber, depended on the size of the piece. An ammunition chest for the
858:
367:
474:
411:
148:. When the piece was to be towed, it was raised over the limber and then lowered, with the pintle fitting into a hole in the trail.
211:
The
British developed a new system of carriages, which was adopted by the French, then copied from the French by the Americans.
292:' and saddle-makers' tools, and the ammunition chest on the limber hauling the traveling forge contained blacksmiths' tools.
280:
Although the limber's primary purpose was to haul the artillery piece and the caisson, it also hauled the battery wagon and a
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697:
Civil War
Blacksmithing: : Constructing Cannon Wheels, Traveling Forge, Knives, and Other Projects and Information
315:
With the general passing of the horse as a mover of artillery, the need for limbers and caissons also largely passed.
62:
is the hinder end of the stock of a gun-carriage, which rests or slides on the ground when the carriage is unlimbered.
809:
704:
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in keeping the battery's hardware in repair. The ammunition chest on the limber hauling the battery wagon contained
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hook at the rear, and a central pole with horses harnessed on either side. The artillery piece had an iron ring (
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793:
German
Military Manual "Anleitung für die Instandsetzung an der Protze (Jtf 14) und deren Abarten"
284:. The battery wagon carried spare parts, paint, etc., while the traveling forge was for use by a
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equipment, essentially identical to French equipment, and similar to that of other nations. The
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Horse artillery—rows of limbers and caissons, each pulled by teams of six horses with three
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Two-wheeled cart for carrying ammunition, or supporting the trail of an artillery piece
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featuring two wheels and a trail, a limber was devised. This was a simple cart with a
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The song "The
Caissons Go Rolling Along" refers to these; the version adopted as the
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1716:‡ indicates vehicles that were used historically in public transport services
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8-inch
Howitzer M1 on a limber heavy carriage (limber highlighted by red box)
113:
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and battery wagon, c. 1863. The battery wagon is shown attached to a limber
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carried 28 rounds. The cover of the ammunition chest was made of sheet
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492:, there is a tradition that the horses be replaced by a detail from the
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Instructions for repairing the Protze (Jtf 14) and its variants
518:, a civilian term for similar two-wheeled intermediate trailers
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Some simple limbers were kept for heavier pieces such as the
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Soviet 120 mm mortar with limber, caption in
Russian
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to prevent stray embers from setting the chest on fire.
54:, or the stock of a field carriage such as a caisson or
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for United States government dignitaries including the
866:
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90:
84:
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batteries, where the cannoneers rode saddle horses.
230:
limber assumed its archetypal form – two wheels, an
81:
610:
547:
1725:
414:transports the flag-draped casket of the second
38:riders and an escort on horseback (1933, Poland)
759:British and American Artillery of World War Two
712:
546:
180:Limber (left) and field gun, c. 1864 (top view)
852:
473:for the remains to be carried by members of
450:has, among other changes, replaced the word
421:who was buried with full military honors at
826:The King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery page
530:" march, composed 1917 by John Philip Sousa
385:120 mm mortar rounds carried in limber
112:in certain Western cultures, including the
859:
845:
831:Royal Horse Artillery file past the camera
119:
777:Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War
749:(2nd ed.), New York: D. Van Nostrand
406:
403:Caissons in American and British culture
202:
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123:
29:
779:, Charleston, S.C.: The Battery Press,
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331:to achieve better weight distribution.
250:M1857 light 12-pounder gun ("Napoleon")
1726:
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439:Royal Navy State Funeral Gun Carriage
159:
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586:A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles
574:
568:participating institution membership
435:State funerals in the United Kingdom
207:Limber (left) and siege gun, c. 1863
50:designed to support the trail of an
431:State funerals in the United States
13:
188:Caisson (left) and limber, c. 1863
14:
1775:
819:
461:Caissons are used for burials at
390:
378:
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77:
833:(video, starting at 32:00 mins)
726:Instruction for Field Artillery
310:
58:, allowing it to be towed. The
540:
488:. For the funerals of British
471:President of the United States
128:Limber (left) and gun, c. 1461
1:
728:, New York: D. van Nostrand,
688:
1734:American Civil War artillery
346:and limber being towed by a
7:
761:, London: Grennhill Books,
499:
463:Arlington National Cemetery
423:Arlington National Cemetery
222:equipment was identical to
10:
1780:
1665:Equestrian use of roadways
428:
416:Sergeant Major of the Army
18:
1764:Horse-drawn vehicle parts
1714:
1673:
1612:
1539:
1481:
1417:
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878:
555:Oxford English Dictionary
397:Modern limber without gun
746:The Artillerist's Manual
584:Smith, D. J. M. (1988).
534:
1759:Carriages and mountings
1660:Museums and collections
1531:Whippletree/double tree
802:German National Library
775:Ripley, Warren (1984),
695:Einhorn, David (2010),
560:Oxford University Press
120:Before the 19th century
1511:Swingletree/singletree
426:
348:Morris Commercial Quad
329:eight-inch Howitzer M1
208:
200:
189:
181:
173:
129:
39:
881:carriages and coaches
522:Field gun competition
410:
206:
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172:, c. 1864 (side view)
167:
127:
33:
1739:Artillery ammunition
1483:Vehicle construction
1463:Trolley and lift van
1303:Limbers and caissons
868:Horse-drawn vehicles
670:, pp. 421, 430.
528:U.S. Field Artillery
477:'s Caisson Platoon.
19:For other uses, see
1749:Artillery operation
1496:Front axle assembly
1181:carriages and carts
1101:Runabout (carriage)
658:, pp. 190–191.
558:(Online ed.).
140:and were placed on
1368:Two-wheeled calash
714:French, William H.
427:
321:artillery tractors
216:American Civil War
209:
201:
190:
182:
174:
168:Limber (left) and
160:Nineteenth century
130:
40:
1754:Funeral transport
1721:
1720:
1071:Marathon carriage
718:Barry, William F.
566:(Subscription or
419:George W. Dunaway
110:military funerals
46:is a two-wheeled
1771:
1696:Carriage museums
1033:Horsebus/Omnibus
1017:Hackney carriage
861:
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282:traveling forge
271:horse-artillery
228:field artillery
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1399:Sled/sleigh
1392:Non-wheeled
1333:Sprung cart
1179:Two-wheeled
1128:State coach
1122:Stage wagon
1086:Post chaise
680:Gibbon 1863
668:Gibbon 1863
656:Ripley 1984
644:Ripley 1984
632:Gibbon 1863
445:U.S. Army's
214:During the
1728:Categories
1674:Categories
1521:Wainwright
1428:Chuckwagon
1287:Hansom cab
1116:Stagecoach
1091:Road Coach
1065:Mail coach
768:1853674788
722:Hunt, H.J.
689:References
595:0851314686
570:required.)
511:Catafalque
494:Royal Navy
429:See also:
290:carpenters
286:blacksmith
266:cannoneers
232:ammunition
136:developed
1681:Carriages
1630:Postilion
1564:Breeching
1506:Shaft bow
1308:Ralli car
1194:Cape cart
1188:Cabriolet
1170:Wagonette
1160:Vis-à-vis
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1076:Park Drag
987:Dos-à-dos
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953:Charabanc
923:Buckboard
872:carriages
734:20475471M
604:11597864M
480:When the
301:siege gun
220:U.S. Army
170:field gun
152:or other
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36:postilion
1620:Coachman
1554:Blinders
1338:Stanhope
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1155:Victoria
1106:Sociable
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1039:Horsecar
959:Clarence
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918:Brougham
898:Barouche
804:. 1939.
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757:(2002),
743:(1863),
724:(1864),
500:See also
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1640:Driving
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1613:Related
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1541:Harness
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1383:Whiskey
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997:Droshky
938:Cariole
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549:"trail"
243:lunette
67:caisson
21:caisson
1706:Images
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1635:Livery
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1409:Troika
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1271:Gharry
1231:Cidomo
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317:Trucks
254:copper
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1744:Carts
1686:Carts
1604:Trace
1589:Lines
1473:Wagon
1468:Vardo
1448:Lorry
1443:Float
1348:Tanga
1343:Sulky
1328:Sjees
1261:Float
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1214:Triga
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454:with
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1266:Gari
1256:Ekka
1209:Biga
1199:Cart
992:Drag
870:and
806:ISBN
781:OCLC
763:ISBN
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506:Bier
456:Army
237:, a
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1007:Fly
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