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331:, in which air is alternately compressed, cooled, and expanded, each expansion results in a considerable reduction in temperature. With the lower temperature the molecules move more slowly and occupy less space, so the air changes phase to become liquid.
136:, require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules (intermolecular forces), or for the storage of gases, for example:
113:). The liquefaction of gases is a complicated process that uses various compressions and expansions to achieve high pressures and very low temperatures, using, for example,
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processes are used for scientific, industrial and commercial purposes. Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal
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is transported for eventual solution in water, after which it is used for water purification, sanitation of
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is provided to hospitals for conversion to gas for patients with breathing problems, and
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twice in two chambers. While expanding, the gas has to do work as it is led through an
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is 4.22 K (ā268.93 Ā°C). Below 2.17 K liquid He becomes a
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242:in 1913. At ambient pressure the boiling point of
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215:and numerous other organic compounds as well as
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355:pressures. Final liquefaction takes place by
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273:The liquefaction of air is used to obtain
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76:Learn how and when to remove this message
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307:Timeline of low-temperature technology
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512:History of Liquefying Hydrogen - NASA
289:by separating the air components by
148:. There the gas is liquefied in the
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132:by simple cooling; a few, such as
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191:is used in the medical field for
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653:List of natural gas pipelines
648:Black powder in gas pipelines
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339:Air can also be liquefied by
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295:cryogenic air separation unit
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379:Air Products & Chemicals
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60:more precise citations.
399:Compressibility factor
285:and other atmospheric
240:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
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658:List of LNG terminals
593:List of oil pipelines
507:Liquefaction of Gases
305:Further information:
230:) with the precooled
99:Liquefaction of gases
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713:Industrial processes
444:Louis Paul Cailletet
209:carbon tetrachloride
156:heat of vaporization
130:atmospheric pressure
643:Natural gas storage
419:HampsonāLinde cycle
232:HampsonāLinde cycle
169:was the first such
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517:2009-12-22 at the
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33:list of references
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205:industrial waste
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52:Please help
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615:LNG carrier
556:hydrocarbon
374:Air Liquide
357:isenthalpic
287:noble gases
252:Nobel Prize
236:Nobel Prize
193:cryosurgery
171:refrigerant
58:introducing
702:Categories
588:Tank truck
573:Oil tanker
471:References
318:Liquid air
312:Liquid air
248:superfluid
161:evaporator
66:April 2013
264:viscosity
234:led to a
175:petroleum
151:condenser
140:, and in
583:Tank car
515:Archived
367:See also
275:nitrogen
266:and the
217:phosgene
201:chlorine
179:halogens
454:Praxair
301:History
262:, zero
167:Ammonia
109:state (
105:into a
54:improve
687:Syngas
670:/misc.
341:Claude
281:, and
279:oxygen
254:1978,
224:helium
213:glycol
107:liquid
558:fuels
293:in a
283:argon
219:gas.
197:semen
39:, or
668:Coal
605:and
297:.
238:for
177:and
144:and
121:Uses
607:LPG
603:LNG
565:Oil
138:LPG
103:gas
704::
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228:He
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