List of Internet pioneers

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company that makes those little NCD X displays. A guy named Richard Karp, another old high school friend of mine, decided to go back to graduate school and I took him on as a research assistant. He wrote the first TCP in BCPL on the PDP 11/20 at Stanford. He went on to get a Ph.D. in theorem proving and now is president of a company called ISDN Technologies out on the west coast in Palo Alto. Another person is Yogan Dalal who was a graduate student at Stanford and was deeply involved in the design of the TCP, the first go around, and also did a lot of work on the first documents that came out in 1974. He is now vice president of software engineering at Claris Corporation, a spin off from Apple. A guy named Carl Sunshine, who has written several books on the subject of internetting, did his dissertation work in my group, and is now running a lab at Aerospace Corporation. He took a job that Steve Crocker vacated in order to go to work for Trusted Information Systems. (Laugh) I mean, you'll never be able to disentangle this group. Let's see. Then I had visitors who were there, not graduate students. I already mentioned that Gerard Lelann was with us for a year. There was another guy from Norway, Dag Belsnes. He did some really interesting work on pure datagram protocols and how you get reliable connection initiation. In fact, he managed to prove that a three way handshake was not enough and that you actually needed a five way handshake to make sure that everything was right. And we decided that was overkill and accepted the limitations the three way handshake imposed on us. There were some others. A guy named James Mathis who went on to work at SRI International on the packet radio project and now is at Apple. He built the first TCP for an Apple system. Also Darryl Rubin, now a vice president at Microsoft, and Ronald Crane who is a key person at Apple.

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better suited for a secure net. He discusses the handling of "ports" as capabilities (in an access control sense) but does not consider the potential problems of controlling the establishment of end-to-end communications paths (i.e., setting up the encipherment keys). Since the "connections" in his scheme would only exist for the flow of one message, the dialog-oriented approach that we have taken for the SC might not apply. In contrast, the current ARPA net protocol is connection-oriented (a connection is created by control commands for use during a dialog) and therefore seems to fit well with our scheme. However, the intuitive appeal of using a message-oriented protocol for a message-switched network deserves additional attention.

30: 5542:"As well as the packet switched network actually built at NPL for communication between their local computing facilities, some simulation experiments have been performed on larger networks. A summary of this work is reported in . The work was carried out to investigate networks of a size capable of providing data communications facilities to most of the U.K. ... Experiments were then carried out using a method of flow control devised by Davies called 'isarithmic' flow control. ... The simulation work carried out at NPL has, in many respects, been more realistic than most of the ARPA network theoretical studies." 3342:, he was inspired after writing a paper on formal semantics of upper and lower interfaces of a protocol layer and he conceived the idea of a new security sublayer in the Internet protocol stack. The new sublayer, at the bottom of the Application layer, would make use of transport layer sockets for data transfer and offer corresponding secure sockets to application processes. This way, application programmers do not need to know much about implementation details for security. Also, the upper interface of the sublayer would enable implementation changes in the future. 4417: 423: 5939:

meetings of what is now called Datacomm. Its first incarnation was a long title having to do with the analysis and optimization of computer communication networks, or something like that. This started in late 1969, I think, was when the first meeting happened in Pine Hill, Georgia. I didn't go to that one, but I went to the next one that was at Stanford, I think. That's where I met Scantlebury, I believe, for the first time. Then I had a lot more interaction with him. I would come to the UK fairly regularly, partly for IFIP or INWG reasons

6225:"Many of the theoretical studies of the performance and design of the ARPA Network were developments of earlier work by Kleinrock ... Although these works concerned message switching networks, they were the basis for a lot of the ARPA network investigations ... The intention of the work of Kleinrock was to analyse the performance of store and forward networks, using as the primary performance measure the average message delay. ... Kleinrock extended the theoretical approaches of to the early ARPA network." 1289: 3147: 1655: 11205:(BBN), Kahn discusses his involvement as the ARPANET proposal was being written and then implemented, and his role in the public demonstration of the ARPANET. The interview continues into Kahn's involvement with networking when he moves to IPTO in 1972, where he was responsible for the administrative and technical evolution of the ARPANET, including programs in packet radio, the development of a new network protocol (TCP/IP), and the switch to TCP/IP to connect multiple networks. 3242: 2417: 2802: 845:(IPTO) from 1966 through 1969, where he convinced ARPA to fund a computer network. The 1968 paper, "The Computer as a Communication Device", that he wrote together with J.C.R. Licklider starts out: "In a few years, men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face." And while their vision would take more than "a few years", the paper lays out the future of what the Internet would eventually become. 398: 3315: 1548: 3406: 1790: 3065: 2980:. When presenting the award, Internet Society (ISOC) President and CEO Lynn St. Amour said "…Steve helped transform the Internet from an activity that served the specific goals of the research community to a worldwide enterprise which has energized scholarship and commerce throughout the world." The Internet Society also recognized Wolff in 1994 for his courage and leadership in advancing the Internet. 5903:

Specifically noted were the Walden Message-Switching Protocol, ARPA H-H Protocol, NPL High-Level Protocol, CYCLADES Protocol, and EPSS Protocol.... Perhaps the only historical difference that would have occurred if DARPA had switched to the INWG 96 protocol is that rather than Cerf and Kahn being routinely cited as "fathers of the Internet," maybe Cerf, Scantlebury, Zimmermann, and I would have been.

1397: 1062: 1001:(IMP), becoming the first node on the ARPANET. Building on his earlier work on queueing theory, during the 1970s, Kleinrock carried out theoretical work to measure and mathematically model the performance of the ARPANET, which underpinned the development of the network and the Transmission Control Program. His theoretical work on 10660:

Roberts' proposal that all host computers would connect to one another directly ... was not endorsed ... Wesley Clark ... suggested to Roberts that the network be managed by identical small computers, each attached to a host computer. Accepting the idea, Roberts named the small computers dedicated to

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Although there was considerable technical interchange between the NPL group and those who designed and implemented the ARPANET, the NPL Data Network effort appears to have had little fundamental impact on the design of ARPANET. Such major aspects of the NPL Data Network design as the standard network

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adopted TCP/IP in 1982, ahead of ARPANET, and played a significant role in the very earliest experimental Internet work. Starting in 1983 he chaired the International Collaboration Board, which involved six NATO countries, served on the Networking Panel of the NATO Science Committee (serving as chair

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led him to working with new professor Vint Cerf as a teaching assistant in 1972, and then as a research assistant while studying for his PhD. In Summer 1973, while Cerf and Bob Kahn were attempting to formulate an internetworking protocol, Dalal joined their research team to assist them on developing

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Furthermore, he participated in the initial design of TCP during 1973-74, was acknowledged in the specification of TCP version 2 in March 1977, and version 3 in January 1978, which says that many of the changes introduced in that version were first described by Tomlinson the previous year when he put

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In the early 1970s Mr Pouzin created an innovative data network that linked locations in France, Italy and Britain. Its simplicity and efficiency pointed the way to a network that could connect not just dozens of machines, but millions of them. It captured the imagination of Dr Cerf and Dr Kahn, who

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In his first draft dated Nov. 10, 1965 , Davies forecast today's "killer app" for his new communication service: "The greatest traffic could only come if the public used this means for everyday purposes such as shopping... People sending enquiries and placing orders for goods of all kinds will make

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The Internet was born of a big idea: Messages could be chopped into chunks, sent through a network in a series of transmissions, then reassembled by destination computers quickly and efficiently. Historians credit seminal insights to Welsh scientist Donald W. Davies and American engineer Paul Baran.

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The authors wish to thank a number of colleagues for helpful comments during early discussions of international network protocols, especially R. Metcalfe, R. Scantlebury, D. Walden, and H. Zimmerman; D. Davies and L. Pouzin who constructively commented on the fragmentation and accounting issues; and

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recognizes lifetime contribution to the field of communication networks. He received the IEEE Internet Award in 2015 for seminal contributions to the field of Internet measurement, including security and network data analysis, and for distinguished leadership in and service to the Internet community

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worked on internetworking at Xerox Parc. He contributed to early discussions on the Transmission Control Program in June 1973, August 1977, and was acknowledged in an early version of TCP version v4 in September 1978. He published several Internet Experiment Notes in the late 1970s and 1980, and his

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The interview focuses on Robert's work at the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at ARPA including discussion of ARPA and IPTO support of research in computer science, computer networks, and artificial intelligence, the ARPANET, the involvement of universities with ARPA and IPTO, J. C.

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The hierarchical approach is further motivated by theoretical results (e.g., ) which show that, by optimally placing separators, i.e., elements that connect levels in the hierarchy, tremendous gain can be achieved in terms of both routing table size and update message churn. ... KLEINROCK, L., AND

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As Kahn recalls: ... Paul Baran's contributions ... I also think Paul was motivated almost entirely by voice considerations. If you look at what he wrote, he was talking about switches that were low-cost electronics. The idea of putting powerful computers in these locations hadn't quite occurred to

3757:. She received the IEEE Internet Award in 2015 for seminal contributions to the field of Internet measurement, including security and network data analysis, and for distinguished leadership in and service to the Internet community by providing open-access data and tools. In 2017 she was awarded the 6253:

In mathematical modelling use is made of the theories of queueing processes and of flows in networks, describing the performance of the network in a set of equations. ... The analytic method has been used with success by Kleinrock and others, but only if important simplifying assumptions are made.

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We propose that a working group of approximately four people devote some concentrated effort in the near future in defining the IMP precisely. This group would interact with the larger group from the earlier meetings from time to time. Tentatively we think that the core of this investigatory group

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Focuses on McCahill's work at the University of Minnesota where he led the team that created Gopher, the popular client/server software for organizing and sharing information on the Internet as well as his work on development of Pop Mail, Gopher VR, Forms Nirvana, the Electronic Grants Management

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Despite the misgivings of Xerox Corporation (which intended to make PUP the basis of a proprietary commercial networking product), researchers at Xerox PARC, including ARPANET pioneers Robert Metcalfe and Yogen Dalal, shared the basic contours of their research with colleagues at TCP and lnternet

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The 1967 Gatlinburg paper was influential on the development of ARPAnet, which might otherwise have been built with less extensible technology. ... In 1969 Davies was invited to Japan to lecture on packet switching. He gave what must have been a quite gruelling series of nine three-hour lectures,

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Then in June 1966, Davies wrote a second internal paper, "Proposal for a Digital Communication Network" In which he coined the word packet,- a small sub part of the message the user wants to send, and also introduced the concept of an "Interface computer" to sit between the user equipment and the

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for "his preeminent role in the development of computer communication and the Internet, including architecture, protocols, security, and telecommunications policy". In 2001, he was awarded the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology in Telluride, Colorado, and in 2011 the Lifetime Achievement

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and a leader in the international development of the Internet. In 1973, he established one of the first two international nodes of the ARPANET. In 1978 he co-authored "Issues in packet-network interconnection" with Vint Cerf, one of the early technical papers on the internet concept. His research

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The discussion will generally be limited to ARPA-like protocols (CRO-71), but will also consider suggested variations such as Walden's message-switching protocol. ... At the same time, the basic protocol selection should be reviewed to see if the message-switching protocol of Walden might be

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Roger Scantlebury was one of the major players. And Donald Davies who ran, at least he was superintendent of the information systems division or something like that. I absolutely had a lot of interaction with NPL at the time. They in fact came to the ICCC 72 and they had been coming to previous

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Paul Baran ... focused on the routing procedures and on the survivability of distributed communication systems in a hostile environment, but did not concentrate on the need for resource sharing in its form as we now understand it; indeed, the concept of a software switch was not present in his

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I had a whole team of graduate students, some of whose names are now fairly familiar in the industry. Judy Estrin, who is Gerald Estrin's daughter, was one of my master's degree students. Of course, she went on to found Bridge Communications, and now she's running, or she's executive VP of the

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At the New York meeting, a small team of engineers (E. Aupperle, V. Cerf, B. Kahn, A. McKenzie, R. Metcalfe, R. Scantlebury, et al.) with implementation experience in ARPANET (US), Cyclades (F), MERIT (US), and NPL (UK) created a first draft of an International Transmission Protocol (ITP). ...

707:. Later that year, he established a team which produced a design for a local-area network to serve the needs of NPL and prove the feasibility of packet switching while developing a more formal design proposal for a national network based on a high-level network connected to local networks. 5979: 5820:

Roger actually convinced Larry that what he was talking about was all wrong and that the way that NPL were proposing to do it was right. I've got some notes that say that first Larry was sceptical but several of the others there sided with Roger and eventually Larry was overwhelmed by the

1607:; the first specification of TCP with Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine in December that year; and edited the second version of TCP in March 1977. He was a program manager for the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) from 1976 to 1982 overseeing the first internetworking experiments with 2918: 2248:

in 2001), and on Advisory Committees for the Australian Research Council, the Canadian Department of Communications, the German GMD, and the Indian Education and Research Network (ERNET) Project. He leads the Silk Project, which provides satellite-based Internet access to the

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as the major obstacle in understanding how the Internet works. This paper, "Why We Don't Know How to Simulate the Internet", was re-published as "Difficulties in Simulating the Internet" in 2001 and won the IEEE Communication Society's William R. Bennett Prize Paper Award.

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interface, the routing algorithm, and the software structure of the switching node were largely ignored by the ARPANET designers. There is no doubt, however, that in many less fundamental ways the NPL Data Network had and effect on the design and evolution of the ARPANET.

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The third paper by Kleinrock derives procedures for optimizing the capacity of the transmission facility in order to minimize cost and average message delay. ... L KLEINROCK. Analytic and simulation methods in Computer Network Design AFIPS Conference Proceedings, May

2363:(USC). At ISI (1973–1993) he started many network related projects including, one to allow interactive, real-time speech over the ARPANet, packet-voice, packet-video, and Internet Concepts. He was acknowledged in the specification of TCP version 3 in January 1978. 1926:

for achieving reliable error and flow control on end-to-end connections. He joined Vint Cerf's research team at Stanford University during 1973-4 and Cerf incorporated his sliding window scheme into the research work for the Transmission Control Program (TCP).

1727:. Klensin was involved in the early procedural and definitional work for DNS administration and top-level domain definitions and was part of the committee that worked out the transition of DNS-related responsibilities between USC-ISI and what became ICANN. 1959:. He contributed to early discussions on the Transmission Control Program in June 1973, and participated in the initial design of TCP, worked out at Stanford during 1973-74. He was acknowledged by Cerf and Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking 1902:(1941–2012) was a French software engineer who pioneered internetworking with Louis Pouzin. He contributed to early discussions on the Transmission Control Program, and was acknowledged by Cerf and Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking 2695: 5088:... The most important institutional force ... was the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) ... as ARPA began work on a groundbreaking computer network, the agency recruited scientists affiliated with the nation's top universities. 4817:... The most important institutional force ... was the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) ... as ARPA began work on a groundbreaking computer network, the agency recruited scientists affiliated with the nation's top universities. 703:(NPL). In the same year, he proposed a national commercial data network in the UK employing high-speed switching nodes. He refined his ideas in a paper written in 1966, which included the first description of an "interface computer" to act as a 9261:...which bit should travel first, the bit from the little end of the word, or the bit from the big end of the word? The followers of the former approach are called the Little-Endians, and the followers of the latter are called the Big-Endians. 3345:

Lam’s idea of a sublayer which offers a “secure sockets interface” to applications was novel and a radical departure from contemporary security research for Internet applications (e.g., MIT’s Kerberos, 1988-1992). Lam wrote a proposal to the

1214:" sign to separate the names of the user and the user's machine. Tomlinson's idea for "network mail" was adopted on the ARPANET, which significantly increased network traffic. As a result, he has been called "the inventor of modern email". 5782:

the ARPA network is being implemented using existing telegraphic techniques simply because the type of network we describe does not exist. It appears that the ideas in the NPL paper at this moment are more advanced than any proposed in the

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Significant aspects of the network's internal operation, such as routing, flow control, software design, and network control were developed by a BBN team consisting of Frank Heart, Robert Kahn, Severo Ornstein, William Crowther, and David

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network. Roberts applied Donald Davies' concepts of packet switching in the ARPANET, and sought input from Paul Baran and other researchers on network design. After Robert Taylor left ARPA in 1969, Roberts became director of the IPTO.

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The NPL group influenced a number of American computer scientists in favor of the new technique, and they adopted Davies's term "packet switching" to refer to this type of network. Roberts also adopted some specific aspects of the NPL

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starting in 1960 when Baran began investigating the development of large-scale survivable communication networks. This led to a series of papers titled "On Distributed communications" that in 1964 described a detailed architecture for

3686:, where he leads the Networks Research Group. He received the IEEE Internet Award in 2012 for exceptional contributions to the advancement of Internet technology for network architecture, mobility, and/or end-use applications. 2592:

During the period of tremendous growth and expansion of the Internet from 1981 to 1989, he acted as chief protocol architect in the development of the Internet, and chaired the Internet Activities Board, which later became the

3711:. He received the IEEE Internet Award in 2013 for significant leadership and sustained contributions in the research, development, standardization, and deployment of quality time synchronization capabilities for the Internet. 4485:, written by Cerf in 1980. This was originally, in TCP version 2 in 1977 (IEN5), to be entitled "Final Report of the Internetwork TCP Project" and to be written by Cerf , Stephen Edge , Andrew Hinchley , Richard Karp , 4970:

would be Bhushan (MIT), Kleinrock (UCLA), Shapiro (SRI) and Westervelt (University of Michigan), along with a kibitzer's group, consisting of such people as Baran (Rand), Boehm (Rand), Culler (UCSB) and Roberts (ARPA).

3736:. He received the IEEE Internet Award in 2014 for contributions to research in and teaching of Internet protocols, including multicast, transport, quality of service, security, mobility, and opportunistic networking. 4883:

him as being cost effective. So the idea of computer switches was missing. The whole notion of protocols didn't exist at that time. And the idea of computer-to-computer communications was really a secondary concern.

3813:(SIGCOMM) gave Paxson its 2011 award, "for his seminal contributions to the fields of Internet measurement and Internet security, and for distinguished leadership and service to the Internet community." The annual 8681:"Yogen Dalal's Contribution to Internet Protocol Recognized by Stanford University School of Engineering; Dalal Named on Plaque, Kapoor Moderates Digital Media Discussion at Stanford Conference on Net's Future" 3350:

University Research Program, which was funded for two years. By early 1993, Lam, with the help of 3 graduate students (Woo, Bindignavle, and Su), designed and implemented the first secure sockets layer, named

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who have been recognized for their contribution to its early and ongoing development. These include theoretical foundations, specifying protocols, and expansion beyond a research tool to wide deployment.

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I mean, when we actually got it working, and started sending emails—it was one of the first things we started to do. I was probably one of the first people in this country ever to send an email, back in

2446:(NREN). He helped create the NSF/DARPA-funded Gigabit Network Test bed Initiative and served as the Chairman of the Gigabit Test bed Coordinating Committee. He also served as Chief Technologist at the US 10096:, Van Jacobson, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review - Special twenty-fifth anniversary issue, Highlights from 25 years of the Computer Communication Review, Volume 25 Issue 1, Jan. 1995, pp.157-187 11170: 2209:

completed his PhD under Vint Cerf at the Digital Systems Laboratory, Stanford University. He worked on the first full TCP specification in December 1974 with Cerf and Yogen Dalal. He later worked for

3089:) to better handle congestion is said to have saved the Internet from collapsing in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He is also known for the TCP/IP Header Compression protocol described in RFC 1144: 2289:

working for Peter Kirstein in 1973. He worked on the first implementation of email in the United Kingdom in 1974 as well as the early monitoring software for the interconnection of the ARPANET with

1448:(INWG) discussed protocols for electronic mail in 1979, which was referenced by Postel in his early work on Internet email. Postel first proposed an Internet Message Protocol in 1979 as part of the 9791: 7093: 8442: 3733: 2871:(NSFNET) to link five of the super-computing centers to enable sharing of resources and information. Jennings made three critical decisions that shaped the subsequent development of NSFNET: 1863:, which he called a "catenet". Concepts from his work were reflected in the development of TCP/IP. He was acknowledged by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking 11144:

from the IAB web site includes historical lists of IAB Members, IAB Chairs, IAB Ex-Officio and Liaison Members (IETF Chairs), IRTF Chairs, RFC Editors, and much more historical information.

1305:(born 1944) has worked in the ARPANET and Internet communities since their inception. As a UCLA graduate student in the 1960s, he led the creation of the ARPANET host-to-host protocol, the 5849:

We referenced Baran's paper in our 1967 Gatlinburg ACM paper. You will find it in the References. Therefore I am sure that we introduced Baran's work to Larry (and hence the BBN guys).

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what eventually became Transmission Control Program. After co-authoring the first internet protocol with Cerf and Sunshine in 1974, Dalal received his PhD in Electrical Engineering and

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in 1972. At UCLA he worked in Professor Leonard Kleinrock's networking group that connected the first two nodes of the ARPANET and contributed to the ARPANET host-to-host protocol, the

5659:"Publications and Conference Papers - Data Communications at the National Physical Laboratory - History of Computing Collection: National Physical Laboratory Collection - Archives Hub" 6502:

Hierarchical addressing systems for network routing have been proposed by Fultz and, in greater detail, by McQuillan. A recent very full analysis may be found in Kleinrock and Kamoun.

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Simon S. Lam (PI/PD), "Applying a Theory of Modules and Interfaces to Security Verification", NSA INFOSEC University Research Program grant no. MDA 904-91-C-7046, 6/28/91 to 6/27/93.

2793:"For significant leadership and sustained contributions in the research, development, standardization, and deployment of quality time synchronization capabilities for the Internet." 2119:

and transmission control functions into two discrete layers, which led to the splitting of Transmission Control Program into the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.

714:, the first implementation of packet switching in early 1969 and the first to use high-speed links. His work influenced the ARPANET and research in Europe and Japan. He carried out 6624:

For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.

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Baran proposed a "distributed adaptive message-block network" ... Roberts recruited Baran to advise the ARPANET planning group on distributed communications and packet switching.

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in 2013, recognizing his administrative and co-ordination efforts in establishing Internet connectivity in Japan, and serving as President of Japan Network Information Center.

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Some other people, who have made notable contributions to the development of Internet but do not meet the criteria defined at the top of the article, include the following.

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The problems of routing in interconnected networks have received limited attention in the literature; notable papers are those by Cerf and Kahn and, more recently, Sunshine.

8003: 5426: 5246: 2997:(1950–2019) was an American engineer recognized for her extensive contributions to Internet architecture and her work in identifying practical ways to control and stabilize 367: 1261:

in November 1977, a standardized framework was developed for "electronic mail" using FTP mail servers on the ARPANET. Tomlinson discussed a network mail protocol among the

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7. H. Frank, R. E. Kahn and L. Kleinrock, "Computer communication network design—experience with theory and practice", AFIPS Spring Joint Comput. Conf., pp. 255-270, 1972.

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Summer Technical Conference on June 8, 1994, including its architecture, system design, and performance evaluation results to demonstrate its efficiency and practicality

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from 1972 to 1976, where he conducted research on packet network interconnection protocols and co-designed the DoD TCP/IP protocol suite. He authored the seminal paper on

1203:(1941–2016) worked for BBN. He carried out the first experimental message transfer between separate computer systems on the ARPANET in 1971. His message was sent from one 11154:, a collaboration of the School of Information and Library Science and the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 9864:, "for her fundamental contributions to the Internet routing and bridging protocols that we all use and take for granted every day", ACM SIGCOMM award recipients web page 5580: 10268: 2598: 11290:

R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland, Steve Lukasik, Wesley Clark, as well as the development of computing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Lincoln Laboratory.

4493:. This title was carried over into version 3 (IEN21) and into the list of references in version 4 but the present title was adopted in the preface (IEN55). After that, 11226:

Cerf describes his involvement with the ARPA network, and his relationships with Bolt Beranek and Newman, Robert Kahn, Lawrence Roberts, and the Network Working Group.

3806: 2909:(ICANN). He was a member of the ICANN Board from 2007 to 2010, serving as vice-chair in 2009–2010. In April 2014 Jennings was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame. 2465:

for vision and breadth of contributions to and inspiration of others in computer networks, distributed computing, and network infrastructure development, and the 1996

10613: 5205: 4389:, that displayed web-pages on dumb terminals and was released in May 1991. She joined the project in November 1990, while an undergraduate math student enrolled in a 9305: 6973: 649:

switching. Baran's network design was never built; it was intended for voice communication using switches that were low-cost electronics, without software switches.

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Award from the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford "in recognition of his intellectual and institutional contributions to the advance of the Internet."

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A plaque commemorating the "Birth of the Internet" was dedicated at a conference on the history and future of the internet on 28 July 2005 and is displayed at the

2902: 2115:, and remained active in the development of TCP/IP at Stanford for several years. Between 1976 and 1977, Dalal proposed separating Transmission Control Program's 1342:(ISI) where he contributed to discussions on the Transmission Control Program in August 1977. He was a founder and director of the Computer Science Laboratory at 553:

Other Internet pioneers, who have made notable contributions to the development of the Internet but do not meet any of the four criteria above, are listed in the

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working group meetings in 1976 and 1977, suggesting the possible benefits of separating TCPs routing and transmission control functions into two discrete layers.

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envisions that mutually-interdependent, "living together", tightly coupled human brains and computing machines would prove to complement each other's strengths.

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Scantlebury and his companions from the NPL group were happy to sit up with Roberts all that night, sharing technical details and arguing over the finer points.

2481:, and as a member of the Presidential Advisory Committee on High Performance Computing and Communications, Information Technology and Next Generation Internet. 1623:(ICANN), serving as founding president of the Internet Society from 1992 to 1995 and in 1999 as chairman of the board and as ICANN Chairman from 2000 to 2007. 1565: 5074: 4803: 8976: 4710:

Essentially all the work was defined by 1961, and fleshed out and put into formal written form in 1962. The idea of hot potato routing dates from late 1960.

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Leiner, Barry M.; Cerf, Vinton G.; Clark, David D.; Kahn, Robert E.; Kleinrock, Leonard; Lynch, Daniel C.; Postel, Jon; Roberts, Larry G.; Wolff, Stephen.

5465: 2612:"for leadership and major contributions to the architecture of the Internet as a universal information medium". In 2001 he was inducted as a Fellow of the 9788: 3661:. Murai received the IEEE Internet Award in 2011 for leadership in the development of the global Internet, especially in Asia. He was inducated into the 2906: 1620: 1363: 5054:

Davies's invention of packet switching and design of computer communication networks ... were a cornerstone of the development which led to the Internet

10802: 1313:(RFC) series, authoring the very first RFC and many more. He was instrumental in creating the ARPA Network Working Group, the forerunner of the modern 546: 6134: 1429:

in January 1978 and February 1979, and the final version of TCP and Internet Protocol, which were published in January 1980 by DARPA on behalf of the

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Baran describes his work at RAND, and discusses his interaction with the group at ARPA who were responsible for the later development of the ARPANET.

9069: 6021:"Building the Internet: Bob Taylor won the National Medal of Technology "For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology"" 3123: 2782: 8450: 982:(born 1934) became involved in the ARPANET project in early 1967. He had studied the optimization of message delays in communication networks using 9427: 6110: 5612: 3904: 10951: 9806: 2867:

centers to provide very high-speed computing resources for the US research community. In 1985 NSF hired Jennings to lead the establishment of the

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It was a seminal meeting as the NPL proposal illustrated how the communications for such a resource-sharing computer network could be realized.

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laboratory became the second node on the ARPANET in October 1969, and SRI became the early Network Information Center, which evolved into the

1133:), and recognized the value of being able to communicate across heterogenous networks. Along with Vint Cerf, he authored the seminal paper on 9271: 5156: 1148: 700: 10907: 9739: 5161:

Computer developments in the distant future might result in one type of network being able to carry speech and digital messages efficiently.

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Le Lann is included on the Stanford University "Birth of the Internet" plaque and mentioned in the Stanford TCP project completion report.

1151:(CNRI), a nonprofit organization providing leadership and funding for research and development of the National Information Infrastructure. 2941:

while working for the U.S. Army. In 1986 he became Division Director for Networking and Communications Research and Infrastructure at the

2694: 2672:, Estrada helped form the interconnection enabling the first commercial Internet traffic via the Commercial Internet Exchange. She wrote 2469:

for seminal contributions to the field of computer networks and distributed computer systems. He served on the board of directors of the

10707: 9728: 7490: 7306: 601: 10644: 10532: 6846: 5131:

up a large section of the traffic... Business use of the telephone may be reduced by the growth of the kind of service we contemplate."

3222: 11340: 10528: 8847: 7596: 6636: 5224:

paper dated June 1966 ... introduced the concept of an "interface computer" to sit between the user equipment and the packet network.

4260:(born 1938) was a British computer scientist at University College London who programed the local node for the ARPANET connection to 3950: 792: 10840: 10007: 8875: 8113: 7765: 7570: 6787:

Walden, D. C, "A System tor Interprocess Communication in a Resource Sharing Computer Network," Com. of ACM, April 1972, pp 221-230.

6485: 2318:

project at Stanford University in the 1970s. Her role within the research team was to help with the initial implementation tests of

170: 6611: 5237: 2842:"for her fundamental contributions to the Internet routing and bridging protocols that we all use and take for granted every day." 2217:. Sunshine published a notable paper on internetworking in 1977, among many papers on networking. During the 1980s, he chaired the 1118: 927: 842: 590: 9283: 8515: 6760:

The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications: Volume 1 - Access Charges in the U.S.A. to Basics of Digital Communications

2016:, is an Indian electrical engineer and computer scientist. He was an ARPANET pioneer, and a key contributor to the development of 645:

network with multiple paths between any two points; dividing user messages into message blocks; and delivery of these messages by

8009: 6328: 5432: 5174: 2443: 1460:

which proposed the Mail Transfer Protocol to enable servers to transmit "computer mail" on the ARPANET as a replacement for FTP.

7908: 6236: 5711: 4222:(born 1936) was part of the original BBN IMP team. He implemented a distributed distance vector routing system for the ARPAnet. 11201:

Focuses on Kahn's role in the development of computer networking from 1967 through the early 1980s. Beginning with his work at

8329:

Machines and romances: the technical and harrative construction of networked computing as a general-purpose platform, 1960-1995

6582: 5015: 4873: 4702: 4649: 3094: 2296:

He contributed to a number of books on communication protocols and computer networking from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.

8598: 6823: 11335: 11171:"The Greatest Internet Pioneers You Never Heard Of: The Story of Erwise and Four Finns Who Showed the Way to the Web Browser" 11073: 10239: 9953: 9820: 9139: 9114: 8857: 8830: 8150: 6941: 6538: 6495: 6378: 6338: 6246: 6054: 5962: 5751: 5694: 5592: 5047: 4943: 4906: 2528:

Telecommunications Excellence Award "Personal Achievement - Network Engineering" for DNS design and implementation, the 2003

2474: 2087: 1380:"for leadership in creation of key elements in open evolution of Internet protocols". In 2012, Crocker was inducted into the 578: 9889: 8654: 6999: 3085:, best known for his work on TCP/IP network performance and scaling. His work redesigning TCP/IP's flow control algorithms ( 10621: 9923: 8352: 6965: 5211: 4261: 3034: 2290: 1690:

to help cope with the world's increasingly urgent and complex problems. He is best known for his work on the challenges of

544:, considering the 2003 IEEE Internet award on which he is cited. Davies and Kahn are featured in the 1972 documentary film 9302: 9087: 2389:

in 2006 for contributions to the advanced design, graphics, and real-time network protocols of computer systems and as an

8492: 8217: 7752: 5920: 5627: 4290: 4265: 3754: 3496: 3451: 3366:

SNP was created for Internet applications in general, concurrently and independently of the invention and development of

3113: 2868: 2778: 2613: 2375: 2218: 1770: 1445: 1438: 1321: 1262: 1111: 803: 594: 175: 10919: 9849: 9552: 6215: 5532: 8954: 6089: 5379: 4157: 3787: 3086: 2890: 2851: 2397: 2371: 2352: 1306: 877: 829: 451: 401: 9502: 9322: 6554:

KAMOUN, F. Hierarchical routing for large networks: Performance evaluation and optimization. Computer Networks (1977).

4397:). She left CERN at the end of August 1991, but returned after graduating in 1992, and worked with Robert Cailliau on 10420: 9772: 9680: 8758: 7655: 6223:(PhD thesis). Department of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London. 6178: 6070: 5721: 5540:(PhD thesis). Department of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London. 5369: 3674: 2957:. His work at NSF transformed the fledgling internet from a narrowly focused U.S. government project into the modern 2447: 2360: 1584: 1414: 1335: 7858: 2378:. He is probably best known for his 1980 paper "On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace" which adopted the terminology of 11330: 10357: 4360:, and contributed to the development and popularization of a number of other Internet technologies from the 1980s. 3953:, Stanford University. The text printed and embossed in black into the brushed bronze surface of the plaque reads: 3758: 3030: 2533: 2331: 1963:

In addition, along with Yogen Dalal, he contributed to discussions leading up to the splitting of TCP into TCP/IP.

1874: 722:

networks on a scale to provide data communication to much of the United Kingdom and designed an adaptive method of

485: 252: 7888: 6155:

W. Clark's message switching proposal (appended to Taylor's letter of April 24, 1967, to Engelbart )were reviewed.

5066: 4795: 3198:(W3C), a standards organization which oversees and encourages the Web's continued development, co-director of the 1527:

is named in his honor, as is the Postel Center at the Information Sciences Institute. His obituary was written by

1320:

In 1972, Crocker moved to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to become a program manager. He formed the

9581: 9465: 9256: 9015: 8777: 6569: 6074: 4065: 3916: 3791: 3519: 3394: 3182:

to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers. While there, he built a prototype system named

3127: 2786: 2626: 2386: 1639: 1314: 185: 11089: 10720:

W. Clark's message switching proposal (appended to Taylor's letter of April 24, 1967 to Engelbart)were reviewed.

7828: 6797: 5299: 2146:'s team at Xerox PARC, where he worked on the development of the Xerox Network Systems. He also worked on the 10 10994: 8079: 6900: 6768: 4536: 4302: 2510: 2470: 2356: 2139: 1691: 1418: 1339: 910: 783:

at the NPL in the late 1960s. Scantlebury and his colleague Keith Bartlett were the first to describe the term

10024: 10331: 4445: 4327:

in recognition of her services to the Internet. She is mentioned, along with a brief biography, in RFC 1336,

4214: 3339: 2609: 2393:

in 2010 for contributions to protocols for packet switching in real-time applications. In 1993 he received a

2319: 2315: 2286: 2154: 2052: 1635: 1477: 1434: 1430: 1204: 861: 257: 235: 11160: 10806: 10733: 6886: 3335:

for “inventing secure sockets in 1991 and implementing the first secure sockets layer, named SNP, in 1993.”

3331:(born 1947) is an American computer scientist. He was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame (2023) by the 1773:

for contributions to networking standards and Internet applications. In 2012, Klensin was inducted into the

8590: 7699: 7643: 6142: 4161: 3907:

received the IEEE Internet Award in 2020 for contributions to Internet multimedia standards and protocols.

3795: 3271: 2827: 2608:"in recognition of his major contributions to Internet protocol and architecture." In 1998 he received the 2024: 1807: 1676: 1627: 807: 10761:

Thus the set of IMP's, plus the telephone lines and data sets would constitute a message switching network

10559: 10504: 7327: 2954: 2676:

in 1993 and she was inducted to the Internet Hall of Fame in 2014. She is on the Board of Trustees of the

2126:, several key researchers were greatly interested in recruiting him, including Bob Kahn's ARPANET team at 7920:, Interviewed by Marc Weber, 10 September 2009, Reference no: X5378.2009, Computer History Museum, 49 pp. 5280:(Report). Bolt, Beranek & Newman Inc. 1 April 1981. pp. 53 of 183 (III-11 on the printed copy). 4962: 4202: 4165: 3214: 3210: 2942: 2860: 2594: 1359: 1347: 1169: 1107: 1042: 998: 865: 215: 10614:"4.7 Planning the ARPANET: 1967-1968 in Chapter 4 - Networking: Vision and Packet Switching 1959 - 1968" 10489: 9424: 9040: 6120: 11325: 10955: 10661:

network administration 'Interface Message Processors' (IMPs), which later evolved into today's routers.

9569:"Computer Scientist David Clark Receives Lifetime Achievement Award from the Oxford Internet Institute" 7722: 6712: 5505: 4751: 4201:. He was responsible for the design of the communication interfaces and other special hardware for the 3352: 1531:

and published as RFC 2468 in remembrance of Postel and his work. In 2012, Postel was inducted into the

203: 100: 8891: 7462: 7358: 4385:

working with Tim Berners-Lee, is recognized for developing the first cross-platform internet browser,

3370:, which had only dozens of servers worldwide in early 1993. Subsequent secure sockets layers, SSL and 2370:, the first application of packet switching networks to real-time applications. In 1993, he worked on 11299: 11277: 11256: 11235: 11214: 11189: 10361: 8895: 5037: 3683: 3386: 3359:

program manager when he visited UT-Austin in June 1993. They also published and presented SNP in the

3203: 3195: 3038: 3026: 2875:

that it would be a general-purpose research network, not limited to connection of the supercomputers;

2763: 2759: 2244: 2214: 2179: 1735: 1343: 1095: 242: 165: 125: 9537: 9163: 5553: 9449: 6195: 6001: 5350:

The NPL network ran at multi-megabit speeds in the late 1960s, faster than any network at the time.

3375: 3371: 3356: 3347: 2664:, one of the original regional IP networks, in 1988. Through her leadership and collaboration with 2249: 2017: 1703: 1449: 1103: 115: 5658: 1168:(1942–2022) worked for BBN where he implemented the packet switching and routing software for the 11202: 9202: 8416: 8222: 7006: 5925: 4430: 4349: 3053: 2878:

it would act as the backbone for connection of regional networks at each supercomputing site; and

2394: 2123: 1923: 1441:(IANA). His beard and sandals made him "the most recognizable archetype of an Internet pioneer". 1370:

and numerous other Internet-related volunteer positions. Crocker is chair of the board of ICANN.

1325: 1041:(BBN) from 1966 to 1994, during which time he managed the team that designed and implemented the 811: 408: 362: 225: 220: 9988: 9672: 9666: 7938: 6020: 4289:

and served as part of the editorial team of the RFC series from 1987 to 2006. She performed the

4264:, was one of the first to exchange email in Britain in 1974, and became a leading researcher on 3005:

active queue management scheme, which has been implemented in nearly all commercially available

741:. He was acknowledged by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking, 4394: 3708: 3002: 2819: 2767: 2717: 2083: 1815: 1724: 1218: 894: 780: 710:

Davies gave the first public presentation on packet switching in 1968. He built the local-area

632:(1926–2011) developed the field of redundant distributed networks while conducting research at 444: 95: 10586: 10156: 9905: 8852:. Applications of communications theory (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press. pp. 3–6. 7126:

McKenzie, Alexander (2011). "INWG and the Conception of the Internet: An Eyewitness Account".

6758: 6345:

On Kleinrock's influence, see Frank, Kahn, and Kleinrock 1972, p. 265; Tanenbaum 1989, p. 631.

6168: 5868:

McKenzie, Alexander (2011). "INWG and the Conception of the Internet: An Eyewitness Account".

5770: 5741: 4896: 10461: 10309: 9736: 9725: 9385: 8944: 8140: 7487: 5606: 5207:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism & Innovation: A History of Computer Communications 1968 - 1988

5023: 4929: 3762: 3662: 3299: 3226: 3131: 2901:- initial proposal and later board member). He chaired the Board and General Assembly of the 2743: 2698: 2541: 2485: 2401: 2261: 2195: 2068: 1952: 1878: 1851:(born 1931) is a French computer scientist. He built the first implementation of a wide-area 1827: 1774: 1643: 1532: 1381: 1013: 958: 755: 667: 608: 510: 130: 10986: 10979: 10931: 6854: 4913:

Baran had put more emphasis on digital voice communications than on computer communications.

2639:

for their work on network messaging — the invention of email. Dave started networking with

652:

He provided input to the ARPANET project on distributed communications and dynamic routing.

11117: 10883: 9381: 8616: 8250:"In the Shadow of ARPANET and Internet: Louis Pouzin and the Cyclades Network in the 1970s" 7965:"In the Shadow of ARPANET and Internet: Louis Pouzin and the Cyclades Network in the 1970s" 7794: 7528: 7076: 7043: 6995: 4783:

Both Paul Baran and Donald Davies in their original papers anticipated the use of T1 trunks

4440: 3480: 3443: 3393:

for lifetime contribution to the field of communication networks. He was inducted into the

2709: 2048: 2027:

specification, with Vint Cerf and Carl Sunshine between 1973 and 1974. It was published as

1823: 1798: 1680: 1576: 1422: 1310: 1210:

computer to another PDP-10, placed next to each other. Tomlinson initiated the use of the "

1091: 1087: 1002: 738: 560:

This article is in chronological order mirroring the development process for the Internet.

327: 145: 135: 10397: 10381: 9227: 8489:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications, 1968-1988

8447:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications, 1968-1988

7691: 7600: 6640: 6363:

Proceedings of the May 5-7, 1970, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '70 (Spring)

6170:

The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution

600:(ARPA). He headed the IPTO from 1962 to 1963, and again from 1974 to 1975. His 1960 paper 8: 10844: 8872: 8411: 8333: 8005:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications 1968-1988

7773: 7574: 7311:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications 1968–1988

6587:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications 1968–1988

6514:

Feldmann, Anja; Cittadini, Luca; Mühlbauer, Wolfgang; Bush, Randy; Maennel, Olaf (2009).

5428:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications 1968-1988

4878:

Entrepreneurial Capitalism and Innovation: A History of Computer Communications 1968–1988

3827: 3472: 3382:

applications (banking, shopping, etc.), for email, and many other Internet applications.

3045: 2965:

as a technical manager in Corporate Consulting Engineering. In 2011 he became the CTO at

2961:

with scholarly and commercial interest for the entire world. In 1994 he left NSF to join

2790: 2632: 2529: 2095: 1592: 1588: 1377: 1099: 947: 751: 663: 503: 158: 65: 10545: 10093: 9595: 8620: 8114:"Between Stanford and Cyclades, a transatlantic perspective on the creation of Internet" 8093: 8030: 7532: 5012: 2859:

is an Irish physicist, academic, Internet pioneer, and venture capitalist. In 1984, the

11135: 11063: 10752: 10426: 10235: 9007: 8925: 8606: 8285: 8277: 7552: 7269: 7151: 6735: 6544: 6384: 6287: 5893: 5482: 5319: 5239:

A Digital Communication Network for Computers Giving Rapid Response at remote Terminals

4774: 4286: 4111: 3992:

BBN BUILT THE FIRST INTERNET GATEWAY, NOW KNOWN AS A ROUTER, TO LINK NETWORKS TOGETHER.

3704: 3492: 3291: 3275: 3171: 3082: 3006: 2998: 2742:(GADS) and the first chairman of the Internet Architecture Task Force. He invented the 2732: 2586: 2514: 2348: 2239: 2187: 2103: 2091: 1746:; he is now an independent consultant. In 1992 Randy Bush and John Klensin created the 1686:

Engelbart was a committed, vocal proponent of the development and use of computers and

1083: 902: 886: 723: 704: 696: 569: 210: 10841:"Bob Braden and Joyce K. Reynolds recognized with the Internet Society's Postel Award" 8796: 8167: 6525:. ReArch '09. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 43–48. 5236:

Davies, Donald; Bartlett, Keith; Scantlebury, Roger; Wilkinson, Peter (October 1967).

5178: 3056:, and, as of 2007, was one of the top-ten most cited researchers in computer science. 2728:

based hardware and software to allow terminals to be connected over phone lines to an

11069: 10990: 10416: 10405:

Proceedings. 1991 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy

10109:"Van Jacobson: 2002 IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award Recipient" 9949: 9676: 9135: 9110: 8999: 8950: 8853: 8826: 8754: 8748: 8729: 8725: 8582: 8289: 8269: 8187: 8183: 8146: 8051: 7984: 7934: 7556: 7544: 7506: 7155: 7143: 7101: 6947: 6937: 6896: 6892: 6764: 6684: 6534: 6491: 6427: 6374: 6334: 6279: 6242: 6174: 6050: 5958: 5897: 5885: 5804: 5747: 5717: 5690: 5588: 5561: 5513: 5375: 5121: 5043: 5039:

Turing's Legacy: A History of Computing at the National Physical Laboratory 1945-1995

4939: 4902: 4850: 4694: 4671: 4559: 4486: 4386: 4353: 4277: 4169: 4094: 3729: 3604: 3423: 3199: 2253: 2230: 2056: 1894: 1811: 1695: 1672: 1663: 1328:. He was acknowledged by Cerf and Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking 974: 796: 771: 646: 437: 342: 312: 230: 140: 60: 10756: 10525: 10430: 10282: 10068:

to Van Jacobson "for contributions to protocol architecture and congestion control."

9650: 9636: 9023:

1975 ... there were already some 40 British academic research groups using the link.

8929: 7748: 6739: 6685:"Dave Walden, Looking back at the ARPANET effort, 34 years later - Internet History" 5833: 5486: 5399: 4778: 4646: 4416: 4027: 3374:, developed years later, follow the same architecture and key ideas of SNP. Today’s 2889:

Jennings was also actively involved in the start-up of research networks in Europe (

2051:

repeated this use. Dalal later proposed splitting Transmission Control Program into

1955:

for internetworking while studying for his PhD at Harvard University and working at

1914: 422: 11107: 11093: 10873: 10744: 10408: 10169: 9976: 9011: 8991: 8917: 8721: 8624: 8549: 8520: 8261: 8212: 8179: 7976: 7769: 7692:"The Unfinished Revolution II: Strategy and Means for Coping with Complex Problems" 7669: 7536: 7135: 7066: 7033: 6819: 6727: 6548: 6526: 6419: 6388: 6366: 5997: 5915: 5877: 5474: 5323: 5311: 5113: 4842: 4766: 4686: 4551: 4435: 4340: 4190: 4098: 3878: 3783: 3332: 3303: 3230: 3135: 3018: 2973: 2677: 2545: 2497: 2478: 2466: 2405: 2277: 2265: 2112: 2107: 2028: 1994: 1986: 1882: 1831: 1778: 1687: 1616: 1536: 1520: 1513: 1505: 1481: 1469: 1461: 1453: 1385: 1367: 1277: 1254: 1246: 1238: 1230: 1222: 1038: 1017: 962: 935: 817:

He was acknowledged by Cerf and Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on internetworking

759: 692: 671: 633: 612: 586: 582: 190: 110: 90: 9828: 5147: 4348:(born 1956) is an American programmer and systems architect. While working at the 3221:

for his pioneering work. In April 2009, he was elected a foreign associate of the

3052:

in 2007 for her contributions to congestion control. She has been involved in the

11164: 9927: 9795: 9776: 9743: 9732: 9556: 9444: 9431: 9309: 9290: 8879: 8327: 7917: 7727: 7494: 7372: 6358: 6306: 5952: 5632:. Symposium of the Institution of Analysts & Programmers 2001. Archived from 5101: 5019: 4653: 4422: 4390: 4301:, then worked with ICANN in this role until 2001, while remaining an employee of 4181: 4144: 4078: 4011: 3861: 3650: 3616: 3583: 3541: 3476: 3414: 3279: 3263: 3250: 3187: 3158: 3151: 2905:(CENTR) from 1999 to early 2001 and was actively involved in the start-up of the 2770:

following his retirement in 2008 after 22 years of teaching for the university.

2751: 2739: 2425: 2198:. In 2005, he was recognized by Stanford as one of the pioneers of the Internet. 2191: 2143: 1939: 1877:

by the French government on 19 March 2003. In 2012, Pouzin was inducted into the

1860: 1596: 1181: 1134: 983: 779:(born 1936) led the pioneering work to implement packet switching and associated 734: 489: 427: 322: 55: 11129: 11120: 11101: 11036: 10895: 10886: 10867: 9943: 9920: 9873: 9789:"Inventor of NTP protocol that keeps time on billions of devices dies at age 85" 9655:, D. L. Mills, November 1967, CONCOMP Project, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 8373: 7435: 7393:

Barber, D., and J. Laws, "A Basic Mail Scheme for EIN," INWG 192, February 1979.

6662: 6515: 5262:

all users of the network will provide themselves with some kind of error control

4722: 4082: 3976:

THEIR WORK BECAME KNOWN IN SEPTEMBER 1973 AT A NETWORKING CONFERENCE IN ENGLAND.

3552: 2339:(1937–2019) led several projects on real-time interactive applications over the 10191: 10065: 10037: 9861: 9513: 9489: 9352: 9185: 8709: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8553: 7079: 7060: 7046: 7027: 6407: 6094: 5274: 4830: 4402: 4357: 4037: 3933: 3844: 3695: 3295: 3191: 2864: 2823: 2729: 2689: 2589:. He was acknowledged in the specification of TCP version 4 in September 1978. 2577: 2525: 2172: 2059:

between 1976 and 1977, leading to the development of TCP/IP. He also worked at

2032: 1998: 1990: 1509: 1485: 1473: 1465: 1457: 1258: 1250: 1242: 1234: 1226: 849: 337: 105: 85: 80: 11010: 9061: 7471:

United States House Energy Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet

5796: 5633: 5445:

The inspiration for datagrams had two sources. One was Donald Davies' studies.

4690: 4585: 4555: 3146: 2434:(born 1934) helped conceive and organize the major American research networks 1468:

of May 1981 removed all references to FTP. In November 1981, Postel published

11319: 10827: 10774: 10673: 10587:"Cyber-pioneer Vint Cerf to headline July 28 forum on the future of Internet" 10412: 10214: 10008:"Stephen Wolff Receives the Internet Society's Postel Service Award for 2002" 9824: 9549: 9266: 9239:"RFC 0741: Specifications for the Network Voice Protocol (NVP)", 22 Nov 1977. 9003: 8733: 8685: 8594: 8273: 8191: 8098: 8055: 7988: 7147: 7105: 6431: 6283: 6115: 5889: 5808: 5565: 5517: 5460: 5125: 4854: 4698: 4563: 4490: 4450: 4369: 4252: 4069: 4052: 4017: 3814: 3720: 3574: 3530: 3390: 3283: 3116: 3097:. He is co-author of several widely used network diagnostic tools, including 3049: 2929: 2839: 2810: 2652: 2636: 2605: 2537: 2462: 2305: 2183: 2135: 2131: 1873:

for "pioneering work on connectionless packet communication". He was named a

1870: 1297: 1195: 1006: 942:

In 1973, he left ARPA to commercialize the nascent technology in the form of

787:

in a modern data-communications context in an April 1967 memorandum entitled

683: 656: 642: 537: 533: 525: 377: 332: 302: 280: 70: 11142:"A Brief History of the Internet Advisory / Activities / Architecture Board" 10790:

Clark suggested installing a minicomputer at every site on this new network.

9624: 9250: 9187:

Female Innovators at Work - Women on Top of Tech | Danielle Newnham | Apress

8921: 8303: 8068:

included aspects of its design in the protocols that now power the internet.

7419: 7180: 6951: 6731: 6530: 6468:"Specification of Internetwork Transmission Control Protocol: TCP Version 4" 6370: 6365:. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 543–549. 5315: 5117: 4846: 4770: 4625: 4478: 2818:(born 1951) is the software designer and network engineer who developed the 1654: 1288: 997:. In 1969, under his supervision, a team at UCLA connected a computer to an 795:

in October 1967 and convinced Larry Roberts the economics were favorable to

9641:, David Mills, May 1968, CONCOMP Project, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 9330: 9057: 8825:. The Artech House telecommunications library. Dedham, Mass: Artech House. 8265: 7980: 7548: 7403: 7252: 7233: 7212: 6923: 6467: 6449: 6423: 6307:"Leonard Kleinrock's Personal History/Biography: The Birth of the Internet" 5478: 5365: 4324: 4061: 3895: 3682:

is Professor of Networked Systems in the Department of Computer Science of

3658: 3625: 3582:

received the IEEE Internet Award in 2006 for contributions to the study of

3508: 3427: 3323: 3218: 3073: 3010: 2977: 2532:

for his contributions to DNS, and the Distinguished Alumnus award from the

2257: 1982: 1843: 1739: 1715: 1631: 1564:(born 1943) is an American computer scientist. He is recognized as one of " 1524: 1350:. In 1994, Crocker was one of the founders and chief technology officer of 1160: 917: 529: 521: 297: 292: 35: 10748: 10334:(Press release). United States National Academy of Sciences. 28 April 2009 9945:

On the Way to the Web: The Secret History of the Internet and Its Founders

9874:"Internet > History > NSFNET -- National Science Foundation Network" 9769: 8443:"6.9 – Metcalfe Joins the Systems Development Division of Xerox 1975-1978" 7342: 7196: 7094:"A history of e-mail: Collaboration, innovation and the birth of a system" 6333:. Internet Archive. MIT Press. pp. See page refs highlighted at url. 3241: 3190:, created the first client and server implementations for what became the 2724:

sponsored Conversational Use of Computers (CONCOMP) project and developed

791:. He proposed the use of packet switching in the ARPANET at the inaugural 10490:"1994 USENIX Summer Technical Conference Program, Boston, 6-10 June 1994" 10460:

Woo, Thomas; Bindignavle, Raghuram; Su, Shaowen; Lam, Simon (June 1994).

10077: 8846:

Sunshine, Carl A., ed. (1989). "A Brief History of Computer Networking".

8545: 7866: 7836: 7501:), Cerf is willing to call himself one of the Internet's fathers, citing 6927: 5337: 4599: 4569:

S. Crocker who commented on the creation and destruction of associations.

4231: 3971:

KAHN WAS AT ARPA (LATER DARPA). IN THE SUMMER OF 1976, CERF LEFT STANFORD

3774: 3595: 3447: 3014: 2989: 2454: 2390: 2311: 1366:(ICANN) Security and Stability Advisory Committee, a board member of the 1029: 806:(INWG) through which he was an early contributor to concepts used in the 711: 307: 120: 75: 11141: 10264: 9415:

RFC 883 - Domain Names - Implementation and Specification, November 1983

8281: 8249: 7807: 7622: 7139: 6291: 6267: 5881: 2416: 1789: 1767:

International Committee for Information Technology Standards Merit Award

9989:"Internet2's new chief technology officer helped create Internet No. 1" 9964: 9568: 8977:"Early experiences with the Arpanet and Internet in the United Kingdom" 8586: 4494: 4320: 4294: 4240: 4115: 4107: 4020: 3994:

IN SUBSEQUENT YEARS, RESEARCHERS AT MIT AND USC-ISI, AMONG MANY OTHERS,

3563: 3379: 3225:, based in Washington, D.C. In 2012, Berners-Lee was inducted into the 3098: 2506: 2488:

for his key role in many systems that converged into today's Internet.

2458: 2379: 2162: 2072: 2060: 1972: 1956: 1405: 857: 715: 624: 541: 468:

was developed by many people over many years. The following people are

247: 10398:"Applying a theory of modules and interfaces to security verification" 8995: 8873:"Peter T. Kirsten recognized with the Internet Society's Postel Award" 8753:. Internet Archive. Chichester, ; New York : Wiley. p. 109. 7964: 6241:. Internet Archive. Wiley. pp. See page refs highlighted at url. 6135:"SRI Project 5890-1; Networking (Reports on Meetings). [1967]" 3985:

WITH THE SUPPORT OF DARPA, EARLY IMPLEMENTATIONS OF TCP (AND IP LATER)

3734:

Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge

2484:

On 3 August 2013, Farber was inducted into the Pioneers Circle of the

1452:(IEN) series. In September 1980, Postel and Suzanne Sluizer published 11112: 11103:

Who's Who in the Internet - Biographies of IAB, IESG and IRSG Members

10878: 10869:

Who's Who in the Internet - Biographies of IAB, IESG and IRSG Members

10700:"SRI Project 5890-1; Networking (Reports on Meetings).[1967]" 9967:, Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI), December 1996 9477: 8541: 7540: 7071: 7038: 6933: 5300:"Data Communications at the National Physical Laboratory (1965-1975)" 4935: 4004: 3996:

PLAYED KEY ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SET OF INTERNET PROTOCOLS.

3745: 3641: 3463: 3435: 3179: 3167: 2966: 2801: 1699: 1556: 1528: 1351: 1180:

and was acknowledged by Cerf and Kahn in their seminal 1974 paper on

913: 848:

From 1970 to 1983, he managed the Computer Science Laboratory of the

481: 7373:"A ten year tribute to Jon Postel: An Internet visionary, 1943-1998" 6885:

Lievrouw, L. A. (2006). Lievrouw, L. A.; Livingstone, S. M. (eds.).

4308:

As Area Director of the User Services area, she was a member of the

11147: 10259: 10257: 9754: 9710: 9695: 8611: 7509:

in particular as being others with whom he should share that title.

7502: 6450:"Specification of Internetwork Transmission Program: TCP Verison 3" 5579:

Harris, Trevor, University of Wales (2009). Pasadeos, Yorgo (ed.).

3753:

s director of the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis at the

3431: 3314: 3268: 3186:. Back at CERN in 1989 he conceived of and, in 1990, together with 3013:

to message timers to avoid synchronization collisions. Floyd, with

2958: 2347:

starting in 1973. After serving on the computer science faculty at

2344: 2064: 1948: 1856: 1852: 1826:(DDN) from 1972 until 1989. In 2012, Feinler was inducted into the 1819: 1759: 1604: 1569: 1547: 1079: 1070: 853: 719: 516:

included on the Stanford University "Birth of the Internet" plaque.

465: 21: 9028: 8002:

Pelkey, James. "6.3 CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin 1971-1972".

7469:, attached to a transcript of his testimony that month before the 5980:"Robert Taylor, Innovator Who Shaped Modern Computing, Dies at 85" 5598: 5425:

Pelkey, James. "6.3 CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin 1971-1972".

5235: 4122:

HAVE CONTRIBUTED THEIR EXPERTISE TO THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET.

3405: 1730:

His career includes 30 years as a principal research scientist at

1125:, where he worked on both satellite packet networks (which led to 11157: 9360: 5463:(2002). "Donald Watts Davies, C.B.E. 7 June 1924 – 28 May 2000". 4588:, web page, J. Noel Chiappa, Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT 4198: 4153: 3810: 3183: 3102: 2938: 2882: 2661: 2640: 2367: 2340: 2171:

He later left Xerox, and became a founding member of the startup

2116: 1751: 1743: 1723:

s involvement with Internet began in 1969, when he worked on the

1211: 1173: 1050: 1046: 943: 931: 317: 39: 11011:"MacWWW: the first web browser for the Apple Macintosh platform" 10830:, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), retrieved 5 March 2013 10254: 9230:, Internet Hall of Fame, Internet Society, accessed 14 July 2012 9134:. State of the art report. Oxford; New York: Pergamon Infotech. 6523:

Proceedings of the 2009 workshop on Re-architecting the internet

4193:(BBN) team that wrote the winning proposal submitted in 1968 to 3064: 10304: 9571:, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 22 July 2011 9406:

RFC 882 - Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities, November 1983

8908:

Cerf, V.G. (1978). "Issues in packet-network interconnection".

5581:"Who is the Father of the Internet? The Case for Donald Davies" 5143: 4398: 4243:. He participated in the initial design of TCP during 1973-74. 3967:

WERE CONCEIVED BY VINTON G. CERF AND ROBERT E. KAHN DURING 1973

3360: 2946: 2921: 2898: 2774: 2755: 2747: 2665: 2439: 2366:

In 1981 he adapted his visual flight simulator to run over the

2175: 2079: 1755: 1608: 1426: 1207: 1126: 9862:

2010 SIGCOMM Lifetime Achievement Award given to Radia Perlman

9109:. State of the Art Report. Maidenhead: Pergamon Infotech Ltd. 6513: 5510:

RESURRECTION: The Journal of the Computer Conservation Society

4672:"The beginnings of packet switching: some underlying concepts" 2917: 11295: 11273: 11252: 11231: 11210: 11185: 11167:, from the Who Is Who in the Internet World (WiWiW) web site. 10305:"Timothy Berners-Lee Elected to National Academy of Sciences" 9559:, Telluride Technology Festival, 2001, retrieved 5 March 2013 9480:, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 7474: 6988: 4298: 4194: 3654: 3106: 2962: 2950: 2894: 2831: 2725: 2721: 2669: 2435: 2158: 2127: 1612: 1396: 1130: 1122: 924: 838: 597: 287: 180: 11276:(Interview). Interviewed by Arthur L. Norberg. Minneapolis: 10734:"Multiple computer networks and intercomputer communication" 10040:, IEEE Global History Network (last visited 7 October 2012). 9908:, Internet Hall of Fame, April 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014. 9668:

Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide

9550:"Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology: Past Honorees" 7766:"Internet Experts selected to fill top organizational posts" 5703: 5626:

Scantlebury, Roger; Wilkinson, Peter; Barber, Derek (2001).

5492:

concluding with an intense discussion with around 80 people.

3965:

THE CORE NETWORKING PROTOCOL TCP (WHICH LATER BECAME TCP/IP)

1750:, helping dozens of countries to establish connections with 1437:(SMTP) and the co-creator and longtime administrator of the 691:(1924–2000) independently invented and named the concept of 10910:, Biographical sketch, Open Cobalt. Retrieved 24 July 2013. 10741:

Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communications

9509: 6203:(Thesis). Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 5042:. National Museum of Science and Industry. pp. 132–4. 4382: 4313: 4309: 3969:

WHILE CERF WAS AT STANFORD'S DIGITAL SYSTEMS LABORATORY AND

3799: 3629: 3287: 3209:

In 1994, Berners-Lee became one of only six members of the

3175: 3120: 2835: 2599:

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

2518: 2210: 2150: 1580: 1374: 1355: 1061: 994: 906: 748: 660: 275: 11298:(Interview). Interviewed by Philip L. Frana. Minneapolis: 10976: 10215:"Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web" 9979:, Barry M. Leiner, et al., Internet Society, December 2003 9612: 6359:"Computer network development to achieve resource sharing" 5625: 4120:

ULTIMATELY, THOUSANDS IF NOT TENS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS

3495:

that popularized the Internet. He is also a co-founder of

3105:, and pathchar. He was a leader in the development of the 2826:. She also played an important role in the development of 2182:

in the early 1980s. He later became a managing partner of

1009:

remains critical to the operation of the Internet today.

10132: 10120: 9207:

Stanford Oral History Collections - Spotlight at Stanford

5102:"SIGCOMM's archaeological journey into networking's past" 3798:

from 2001 until 2005. From 1998 to 1999 he served on the

3367: 2713: 2293:, the first international heterogenous computer network. 2165: 2099: 1731: 1276:

Tomlinson received the IEEE Internet Award in 2004, with

951: 898: 890: 789:

A Protocol for Use in the NPL Data Communications Network

641:. The proposal was composed of three key ideas: use of a 10144: 9878:

livinginternet.com: The World's First Web Published Book

8168:"Verification and evaluation of communication protocols" 6750: 4164:

the idea of using separate small computers (later named

3983:

WROTE THE FIRST FULL TCP SPECIFICATION IN DECEMBER 1974.

3978:

CERF AND KAHN'S SEMINAL PAPER WAS PUBLISHED IN MAY 1974.

2903:

Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries

11255:(Interview). Interviewed by Judy O'Neill. Minneapolis: 11234:(Interview). Interviewed by Judy O'Neill. Minneapolis: 11213:(Interview). Interviewed by Judy O'Neill. Minneapolis: 11188:(Interview). Interviewed by Judy O'Neill. Minneapolis: 11065:

Where wizards stay up late: the origins of the Internet

10952:"Ten Years Public Domain for the Original Web Software" 8946:

The "Hidden" Prehistory of European Research Networking

8558:

Specification of Internet Transmission Control Protocol

6756: 5954:

Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet

1129:) and ground-based radio packet networks (which led to 10922:, Chris Sherman, Search Engine Watch, 5 February 2002. 8031:"Biography of Louis Pouzin, 1999 SIGCOMM Award Winner" 7519:

Cerf, V. G. (2009). "The day the Internet age began".

6516:"HAIR: Hierarchical architecture for internet routing" 6047:

A Brief History of the Future: Origins of the Internet

4152:(1927–2016) had a key insight in the planning for the 2037:

Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program

1221:(FTP) for network mail on the ARPANET was proposed in 540:

meet three out of the four criteria above; as well as

11151: 10981:

How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web

9852:, August 2007, Inventor Archive, Lemelson-MIT Program 7062:

Standard for the Format of ARPA Network Text Messages

6875:

Wave New World, Time Magazine, October 19, 2009, p.48

4000:

KEY STANFORD RESEARCH ASSOCIATES AND FOREIGN VISITORS

3091:

Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links

2953:

project to prove the feasibility of IP networking at

2949:. He also conceived the Gigabit Testbed, a joint NSF- 2597:. He is currently a senior research scientist at the 1615:. Cerf was instrumental in the formation of both the 11271: 10396:

Lam, Simon; Shankar, Udaya; Woo, Thomas (May 1991).

10159:, Members Directory, National Academy of Engineering 10003: 10001: 9807:"IEEE Internet Award Recipients: 2013 - David Mills" 7623:"Vinton G. Cerf's biography at the Internet Society" 5709: 5466:

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

5059: 4586:"Stanford University 'Birth of the Internet' Plaque" 4412: 3989:

STANFORD, AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON DURING 1975.

2450:(2000–2001) and is a founding editor of ICANNWatch. 1269:, in September 1974, although it was never adopted. 11173:, Juha-Pekka Tikka, 3 March 2009, Xconomy web page. 10459: 10147:, web page at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 10135:, web page at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 10123:, web page at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 9596:"Susan Estrada Inducted into Internet Hall of Fame" 9588: 8568: 8213:"Smithsonian Oral and Video Histories: Vinton Cerf" 8166:Le Lann, Gérard; Le Goff, Hervé (1 February 1978). 6798:"DESIGN ALTERNATIVES FOR COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY" 6408:"Resource-sharing computer communications networks" 5916:"Smithsonian Oral and Video Histories: Vinton Cerf" 4788: 4474:

Final Report of the Stanford University TCP project

3811:

ACM's Special Interest Group on Data Communications

3109:(MBone) and the multimedia tools vic, vat, and wb. 3025:Floyd was also a co-author on the standard for TCP 2907:

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

2221:, and edited two books on communication protocols. 1806:(born 1931) was a staff member of Doug Engelbart's 1621:

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

1364:

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

11250: 10978: 10645:"A Very Short History Of The Internet And The Web" 10462:"SNP: An Interface for Secure Network Programming" 9613:Network Time Protocol Public Services Project logo 8139:Brügger, Niels; Goggin, Gerard (25 October 2022). 6193: 5099: 4537:"A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication" 4356:protocol (1991), the effective predecessor of the 4172:network and reducing load on the local computers. 3963:THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE DESIGN OF 860:were developed. He was the founder and manager of 547:Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing 11293: 10552: 10383:Simon S. Lam, 2023 Internet Hall of Fame inductee 10027:, ICSI, Sept. 2007 (last visited 7 October 2012). 9998: 9821:"Mother of the Internet Radia Perlman speaks out" 9070:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 8091: 7808:"Biography of John Klensin at the ICANN web site" 7307:"8.3 CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin 1971–1972" 6838: 5801:The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society 5245:. ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. 4831:"Principles and lessons in packet communications" 4091:FRANK DEIGNAN • MARTINE GALLAND • PETER HIGGINSON 3807:Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery 3130:in 2006. In 2012, Jacobson was inducted into the 3124:Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award 2783:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2740:Gateway Algorithms and Data Structures Task Force 2153:Ethernet Specification at Xerox PARC, along with 2063:, where he contributed to the development of the 1734:, a stint as INFOODS Project Coordinator for the 1106:(BBN) where he was the principal designer of the 988:Message Delay in Communication Nets with Storage, 743:A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication. 11317: 10908:"Mark McCahill, Collaborative Systems Architect" 10206: 9701:, D.L. Mills, COMSAT Laboratories, 18 April 1981 9445:"A Cloudy Crystal Ball -- Visions of the Future" 9382:"Internet Hall of Fame Announces 2013 Inductees" 8478: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8470: 8468: 6357:Roberts, Lawrence G.; Wessler, Barry D. (1970). 6197:Message Delay in Communication Nets with Storage 5951:Hafner, Katie; Lyon, Matthew (19 August 1999) . 4658:IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics 3794:(IETF) community and served as the chair of the 2716:in Computer and Communication Sciences from the 2563:We believe in: rough consensus and running code. 1601:A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication 1139:A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication 930:(IPTO), where he managed the development of the 494:A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication 11312:System, and the University of Minnesota Portal. 11253:"Oral history interview with Leonard Kleinrock" 11208: 11183: 10351: 10349: 10061: 10059: 9906:"Dennis Jennings Internet Hall of Fame Pioneer" 9883: 9737:"The Internet: Changing the Way We Communicate" 9148: 8882:, 16 July 2003, Press Release, Internet Society 8080:"Postel and Pouzin: 1997 SIGCOMM Award Winners" 7797:, Internet Hall of Fame, Internet Society, 2012 7667: 6966:"Ray Tomlinson, Inventor Of Modern Email, Dies" 6448:Cerf, Vinton G.; Postel, Jon (18 August 1977). 5996: 5771:"Oral-History:Donald Davies & Derek Barber" 3944: 1324:(INWG), then his research interests shifted to 802:During the 1970s, he was a major figure in the 11296:"Oral history interview with Mark P. McCahill" 10469:Proceedings USENIX Summer Technical Conference 9757:Exterior Gateway Protocol Formal Specification 9716:, D.L. Mills, M/A-COM Linkabit, September 1985 8436: 8434: 8247: 8165: 7962: 7923: 6356: 5360: 5358: 4923: 4921: 3017:, in 1997 identified the lack of knowledge of 3009:, and devised the now-common method of adding 2566: -Dave Clark at IETF 24 2090:, he went to the United States to study for a 1769:. In 2007, he was inducted as a Fellow of the 1742:, and Internet Architecture Vice President at 1421:(ISI). He was editor of much of the early the 520:Among the pioneers, along with Cerf and Kahn, 10938:, vol 1, issue 4 (April 1995), pages 235-246. 10934:, Mark P. McCahill and Farhad X. Anklesaria, 10395: 10104: 10102: 10049:Albert-laszlo Barabasi and Jennifer Frangos, 9965:"The Gigabit Testbed Initiative–Final Report" 9582:"INTERNET HALL of FAME PIONEER Susan Estrada" 9345: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8465: 8248:Russell, Andrew L.; Schafer, Valérie (2014). 8138: 7963:Russell, Andrew L.; Schafer, Valérie (2014). 7656:2005 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 6994: 6490:. Internet Archive. Wiley. pp. 110–111. 6081: 5710:Hempstead, C.; Worthington, W., eds. (2005). 5551: 5297: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 3987:WERE TESTED BY BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN (BBN), 3624:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2010 for 3603:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2009 for 2863:(NSF) began construction of several regional 2631:The younger brother of Steve was awarded the 2540:. In 2012, Mockapetris was inducted into the 2477:advisory board, the Board of Trustees of the 2134:at BBN, Bob Taylor's team at Xerox PARC, and 1149:Corporation for National Research Initiatives 445: 11268:Kleinrock discusses his work on the ARPANET. 11186:"Oral history interview with Robert E. Kahn" 10346: 10056: 10020: 10018: 10016: 9948:, Michael A. Banks, Apress, New York, 2008, 8849:Computer network architectures and protocols 8321: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8073: 6160: 5716:. Vol. 1, A–L. Routledge. p. 574. 5611:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5149:Proposal for a Digital Communication Network 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4723:"Paul Baran and the Origins of the Internet" 2766:(1983). He was an emeritus professor at the 2720:in 1971. While at Michigan he worked on the 1373:For this work, Crocker was awarded the 2002 923:In 1967, he became a program manager in the 901:in 1963, Roberts continued to work at MIT's 639:distributed adaptive message block switching 554: 11274:"Oral history interview with Larry Roberts" 11229: 10920:"A Pre-Web Search Engine, Gopher Turns Ten" 10496: 10453: 10355: 10066:2001 SIGCOMM Award for Lifetime Achievement 9658: 9437: 8892:"Peter Kirstein's International Activities" 8431: 8085: 7931:"Alumni Hall of Fame: Elizabeth J. Feinler" 7829:"About the Network Startup Resource Center" 7649: 6268:"Roots of the Internet: A Personal History" 5355: 4918: 4865: 3852:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2017. 3732:Professor of Communications Systems in the 2400:. And in 2012, Cohen was inducted into the 2039:) in December 1974. It first used the term 1671:(1925–2013) was an early researcher at the 1488:in August 1982. Addresses were extended to 11061: 10946: 10944: 10803:"Internet History Project biography, 2003" 10674:"ARPANET IMP, Interface Message Processor" 10533:National and University Library of Iceland 10099: 9916: 9914: 9664: 9625:"David L. Mills Biography and Credentials" 9503:"IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal Recipients" 9052: 9050: 8639: 8142:Oral Histories of the Internet and the Web 7323: 7317: 6574: 6565: 6447: 5950: 5646:The system first went 'live' early in 1969 5275:A History of the ARPANET: The First Decade 4130: 3941:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2023. 3924:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2023. 3886:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2019. 3869:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2018. 3835:received the IEEE Internet Award in 2016. 3489:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 3223:United States National Academy of Sciences 2945:(NSF) where he managed the development of 2785:(IEEE). In 2008, Mills was elected to the 2260:. In 2012, Kirstein was inducted into the 452: 438: 397: 11211:"Oral history interview with Vinton Cerf" 11111: 11099: 10877: 10865: 10584: 10192:"Berners-Lee's original proposal to CERN" 10013: 9809:, IEEE Web site, accessed 27 January 2013 9574: 8610: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8312: 7298: 7070: 7037: 6817: 6583:"6.1 The Communications Subnet: BBN 1969" 6304: 6217:Packet and circuit-switched data networks 5534:Packet and circuit-switched data networks 5503: 4975: 4874:"6.1 The Communications Subnet: BBN 1969" 4828: 4239:(1950–2022) worked on internetworking at 3818:by providing open-access data and tools. 3802:as Transport Area Director for the IETF. 3112:For his work, Jacobson received the 2001 2822:which is fundamental to the operation of 1702:, networked computers, and precursors to 1012:In 2012, Kleinrock was inducted into the 905:where in 1965 he connected Lincoln Lab's 793:Symposium on Operating Systems Principles 607:In 2013, Licklider was inducted into the 464:Instead of having a single inventor, the 11232:"Oral history interview with Paul Baran" 11068:. New York : Simon & Schuster. 10859: 10546:"Jun Murai | Internet Hall of Fame" 10030: 9538:"ACM Fellow Citation for David D. Clark" 8974: 8845: 8820: 8794: 8707: 8362:, CHM Reference number: X5059.2009: 27–8 8353:"Oral History of Robert (Bob) W. Taylor" 8325: 7910:Oral History of Elizabeth (Jake) Feinler 7458: 7456: 7125: 6884: 6166: 6063: 6044: 6002:"The Computer as a Communication Device" 5867: 5682: 4534: 3973:TO MANAGE THE PROGRAM WITH KAHN AT ARPA. 3404: 3313: 3240: 3145: 3063: 2916: 2800: 2561:We reject: kings, presidents and voting. 2415: 1788: 1653: 1644:Internet Society's Internet Hall of Fame 1546: 1395: 1358:security area director, a member of the 1287: 1060: 928:Information Processing Techniques Office 843:Information Processing Techniques Office 591:Information Processing Techniques Office 11294:McCahill, Mark P. (13 September 2001). 11034: 10941: 10775:"And 'Lo!' - How the internet was born" 10772: 10731: 10566:. Lawrence Berkeley Lab. 11 August 2012 10535:, NCSA web site, University of Illinois 10236:"Tim Berners-Lee receives Draper Prize" 10194:. World Wide Web Consortium. March 1989 9921:"Stephen Wolff–Hustling for Innovation" 9911: 9652:System/360 interface engineering report 9203:"Vinton G. Cerf : An Oral History" 9047: 8984:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 8970: 8968: 8966: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 7995: 7720: 7637: 7599:. Ieee.org. 7 July 2009. Archived from 7128:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 6710: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6559: 6265: 5977: 5870:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 5739: 5713:Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology 5459: 5418: 5172: 4894: 4749: 4617: 4468: 4466: 3981:CERF, YOGEN K. DALAL, AND CARL SUNSHINE 2444:National Research and Education Network 1859:, that demonstrated the feasibility of 1176:. He proposed what became known as the 957:In 2012, Roberts was inducted into the 585:. He developed the idea of a universal 11318: 10618:The History of Computer Communications 10505:"Marc Andreessen Joins Facebook Board" 10162: 9671:(2 ed.). Digital Press. pp. 9284:National Academy of Engineering member 9129: 9104: 9056: 8942: 8746: 8710:"Interconnection of computer networks" 8652: 8482: 8440: 8391: 8350: 7958: 7956: 7571:"ACM Turing Award, list of recipients" 7337: 7335: 7247: 7245: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 6922: 6888:Handbook of New Media: Student Edition 6711:Roberts, Lawrence G. (November 1978). 6483: 6465: 6326: 6234: 6213: 6087: 6018: 5957:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 225–6. 5794: 5629:NPL, Packet Switching and the Internet 5585:Variety in Mass Communication Research 5578: 5530: 5506:"Packet Switching and the NPL Network" 5455: 5453: 5364: 5293: 5291: 5203: 5142: 4927: 4750:Roberts, Lawrence G. (November 1978). 4708:from the original on 10 October 2022. 3821: 3355:(SNP). They demonstrated SNP to their 3117:SIGCOMM Award for Lifetime Achievement 3095:Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression 2834:(which had a significant influence on 2285:(1945–2020) was a researcher at UCL's 1738:, Distinguished Engineering Fellow at 1512:in February 1982. RFC 822, written by 1480:(SMTP) protocol, which was updated by 1425:series as well as versions 3 and 4 of 11272:Roberts, Lawrence G. (4 April 1989). 11062:Hafner, Katie; Lyon, Matthew (1996). 10977:Gillies, James; Cailliau, R. (2000). 10936:Journal of Universal Computer Science 10275: 10240:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10025:"Sally Floyd Wins 2007 SIGCOMM Award" 9850:"Inventor of the Week: Radia Perlman" 9818: 9296: 9248: 9242: 9034: 8750:Computer networks and their protocols 8513: 7661: 7453: 6844: 6487:Computer networks and their protocols 6305:Kleinrock, Leonard (27 August 1996). 6238:Computer networks and their protocols 6173:. Simon & Schuster. p. 237. 5990: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5552:Cambell-Kelly, Martin (Autumn 2008). 5284:from the original on 1 December 2012. 5175:"The ARPANET & Computer Networks" 5173:Roberts, Dr. Lawrence G. (May 1995). 5035: 4745: 4743: 4669: 4497:led the drafting of versions 3 and 4. 4377:, one of the nineteen members of the 4051:WILLIAM PLUMMER • GINNY STRAZISAR • 3262: 3194:. Berners-Lee is the director of the 2845: 2754:that was used for the 56 kbit/s 2643:and is still active in development. 2475:Electronic Privacy Information Center 2088:Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 579:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 563: 476:This list includes people who were: 10985:. Oxford University Press. pp. 10605: 10356:Berners-Lee, Tim (3 November 1992). 9277: 9178: 8963: 8907: 8839: 8740: 8516:"Interview with Yogen Dalal: Part 1" 8296: 8241: 8198: 8036: 7889:"List of 2007 ACM Fellows inductees" 7742: 7518: 7267: 6976:from the original on 13 October 2017 6826:from the original on 2 December 2017 6811: 6699: 6405: 6194:Kleinrock, Leonard (December 1962). 6111:"Larry Roberts:He made the Net Work" 6108: 6071:"2001 Draper Prize Recipients' Bios" 5908: 5252:from the original on 10 October 2022 5077:from the original on 8 November 2020 5026:website. Last accessed 24 April 2012 4806:from the original on 8 November 2020 4591: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4463: 4271: 3150:The Web's historic logo designed by 3035:Datagram Congestion Control Protocol 2190:at several tech companies including 1888: 1784: 1694:, resulting in the invention of the 1649: 1413:(1943–1998) was a researcher at the 1147:Kahn left ARPA in 1986 to found the 968: 765: 577:(1915–1990) was a faculty member of 11251:Kleinrock, Leonard (3 April 1990). 11136:"Past IESG Members and IETF Chairs" 10970: 10828:"Past IESG Members and IETF Chairs" 10795: 10502: 10212: 10133:"vat - LBL Audio Conferencing Tool" 10051:Linked: The New Science of Networks 9540:, ACM, 2001, retrieved 5 March 2013 9200: 9037:"Implementation of email in the UK" 8218:National Museum of American History 7953: 7721:Hermida, Alfred (5 November 2001). 7375:. Internet Society. 16 October 2008 7332: 7242: 7221: 7162: 7119: 7053: 6878: 6713:"The evolution of packet switching" 6477: 6207: 5921:National Museum of American History 5733: 5545: 5450: 5400:"The accelerator of the modern age" 5288: 5136: 4888: 4752:"The evolution of packet switching" 4597: 4544:IEEE Transactions on Communications 4334: 4310:Internet Engineering Steering Group 4266:computer-supported cooperative work 4208: 3872: 3755:University of California, San Diego 3497:Netscape Communications Corporation 3479:, he authored the first version of 3452:Netscape Communications Corporation 3298:. In 2012 he was inducted into the 2937:participated in the development of 2869:National Science Foundation Network 2779:Association for Computing Machinery 2762:(1984), and inspired the author of 2614:Association for Computing Machinery 2536:. In May 2005, he received the ACM 2491: 2376:United States Department of Defense 2374:through several projects funded by 2219:International Network Working Group 2142:(ISI). In early 1977, Dalal joined 1771:Association for Computing Machinery 1516:, defined the format for messages. 1446:International Network Working Group 1439:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 1415:University of Southern California's 1322:International Network Working Group 1263:International Network Working Group 852:(PARC), where technologies such as 804:International Network Working Group 595:United States Department of Defense 550:along with several early pioneers. 13: 10843:. 10 November 2006. Archived from 10611: 10332:"72 New Members Chosen By Academy" 10283:"Web's inventor gets a knighthood" 10094:"Congestion avoidance and control" 10078:"Congestion avoidance and control" 9066:IEEE History Center Interview #634 8653:Pelkey, James L. (2 August 1988). 8548:; Sunshine, Carl (December 1974), 8092:Andrew L. Russell (30 July 2013). 8001: 7795:"John Klensin biographical sketch" 7597:"IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal" 7304: 6637:"IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal" 6580: 6228: 6019:Softky, Marion (11 October 2000). 5854: 5619: 5524: 5424: 5374:. MIT Press. pp. 37–8, 58–9. 5338:"Alan Turing and the Ace computer" 5304:Annals of the History of Computing 5229: 5100:Edmondson-Yurkanan, Chris (2007). 5029: 4871: 4740: 4663: 4623: 4175: 3855: 3788:University of California, Berkeley 3610: 3605:Internet architecture and modeling 3400: 3389:for SNP. He received the 2004 ACM 3385:Lam and his students won the 2004 3236: 3141: 2891:European Academic Research Network 2852:Dennis Jennings (Internet pioneer) 2781:, and in 2002, as a Fellow of the 2693: 2604:In 1990 Clark was awarded the ACM 2411: 2398:Meritorious Civilian Service Award 2372:Distributed Interactive Simulation 1947:(born 1946) produced a design for 1178:Walden message switching protocol, 878:Larry Roberts (computer scientist) 830:Robert Taylor (computer scientist) 14: 11352: 11209:Cerf, Vinton G. (24 April 1990). 11184:Kahn, Robert E. (24 April 1990). 11177: 11083: 10642: 10585:Orenstein, David (13 July 2005). 10265:"The World-Wide Web Hall of Fame" 9977:"A Brief History of the Internet" 9726:"Fuzzball: The Innovative Router" 9252:On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace 8514:Bhatt, Kamla (10 November 2008). 7723:"Mouse inventor strives for more" 7696:Colloquium at Stanford University 7670:"A Brief History of the Internet" 7497:, from a January 2006 article in 6045:Naughton, John (5 October 2000). 5797:"The Origins of Packet Switching" 5554:"Pioneer Profiles: Donald Davies" 4574: 4511: 4156:. In April 1967, he suggested to 3927: 3838: 3805:In 2006 Paxson was inducted as a 3675:Mark Handley (computer scientist) 2448:Federal Communications Commission 2361:University of Southern California 2224: 1981:work was referenced in the final 1908: 1869:In 1997, Pouzin received the ACM 1431:Defense Communication Agency 598:Advanced Research Projects Agency 42:through a portion of the Internet 11341:People in information technology 11028: 11003: 10925: 10913: 10901: 10833: 10821: 10773:Harford, Tim (16 October 2019). 10766: 10725: 10692: 10666: 10636: 10578: 10538: 10519: 10482: 10444: 10388: 10375: 10324: 10297: 10228: 10184: 10150: 10138: 10126: 10114: 10087: 10071: 10043: 10010:, Internet Society, 24 June 2002 9982: 9970: 9958: 9937: 9899: 9867: 9855: 9843: 9812: 9800: 9782: 9763: 9748: 9719: 9704: 9689: 9644: 9630: 9618: 9606: 9562: 9543: 9531: 9495: 9483: 9471: 9464:(Presentation given at the 24th 9418: 9409: 9400: 9374: 9315: 9233: 9221: 9194: 9156:"Interview with Richard A. Karp" 9123: 9098: 9080: 8936: 8901: 8885: 8866: 8814: 8788: 8770: 8701: 8673: 8562: 8535: 8507: 8374:"Internet Experiment Note Index" 8366: 8344: 8159: 8132: 8106: 8024: 7902: 7881: 7851: 7821: 7800: 7788: 7758: 7714: 7684: 7615: 7589: 7573:. Awards.acm.org. Archived from 7563: 7512: 7480: 7436:"Internet Experiment Note Index" 7428: 7412: 7396: 7387: 7365: 6820:"The History of Electronic Mail" 6757:F.E. Froehlich, A. Kent (1990). 6109:Port, Otis (27 September 2004). 6090:"The n -Dimensional Superswitch" 5746:. Stripe Press. pp. 285–6. 5504:Wilkinson, Peter (Summer 2020). 4415: 4401:, the first web browser for the 4363: 4246: 3790:. He is an active member of the 3759:Jonathan B. Postel Service Award 3714: 3568: 3031:Explicit Congestion Notification 2796: 2646: 2555: 2534:University of California, Irvine 2505:(born 1948), while working with 2332:Danny Cohen (computer scientist) 2322:with University College London. 2299: 2271: 2201: 1875:Chevalier of the Legion of Honor 1283: 1273:forward a "Proposal for TCP 3". 1189: 950:in the world, and served as its 946:, which became one of the first 871: 699:in 1965 at the United Kingdom's 677: 421: 396: 253:Internet Message Access Protocol 28: 10121:"vic - Video Conferencing Tool" 9770:"The Story of the PING Program" 9466:Internet Engineering Task Force 8823:Communication Protocol Modeling 8795:Sunshine, Carl (January 1987). 8360:Computer History Museum Archive 8351:Taylor, Bob (11 October 2008), 8094:"OSI: The Internet That Wasn't" 7351: 7289: 7280: 7261: 7205: 7189: 7086: 7020: 6958: 6916: 6869: 6790: 6781: 6677: 6655: 6629: 6596: 6507: 6459: 6441: 6399: 6350: 6320: 6298: 6272:Massachusetts Historical Review 6259: 6187: 6127: 6102: 6075:National Academy of Engineering 6038: 6012: 6000:; Taylor, Robert (April 1968). 5978:Markoff, John (13 April 2017). 5971: 5944: 5826: 5788: 5763: 5676: 5651: 5572: 5497: 5392: 5330: 5267: 5197: 5166: 5093: 4955: 4822: 4660:, vol. HFE-1, pp.4-11, Mar 1960 4138: 3951:Gates Computer Science Building 3917:Ian Foster (computer scientist) 3889: 3792:Internet Engineering Task Force 3668: 3546: 3535: 3520:Stephen Kent (network security) 3513: 3502: 3491:. Mosaic is famed as the first 3395:National Academy of Engineering 3309: 3128:National Academy of Engineering 3059: 2789:(NAE). In 2013 he received the 2787:National Academy of Engineering 2627:Dave Crocker (network engineer) 2620: 2387:National Academy of Engineering 1933: 1855:packet-communications network, 1837: 1748:Network Startup Resource Center 1709: 1640:National Academy of Engineering 1315:Internet Engineering Task Force 1154: 1005:in the late 1970s with student 850:Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 733:In the 1970s, Davies worked on 488:in their seminal 1974 paper on 10932:"Evolution of Internet Gopher" 10170:"Berners-Lee Longer Biography" 10084:, Stanford, CA, Aug. 1988, ACM 7772:. 3 April 1998. Archived from 6998:; Vittal, John (1 July 2022). 6466:Postel, Jon (September 1978). 5298:Cambell-Kelly, Martin (1987). 4964:Summary of ARPA ad hoc meeting 4715: 4640: 4393:at Leicester Polytechnic (now 4352:he led the development of the 4297:until this was transferred to 4225: 3768: 3689: 3589: 3338:In 1990, while a professor at 3178:, he proposed a project using 3164:Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee 2983: 2912: 2738:Mills was the chairman of the 2551: 2524:Mockapetris received the 1997 2511:Information Sciences Institute 2471:Electronic Frontier Foundation 2357:Information Sciences Institute 2325: 2140:Information Sciences Institute 2004: 1985:that would be standardized in 1822:(NIC) for the ARPANET and the 1419:Information Sciences Institute 1340:Information Sciences Institute 1334:He was a senior researcher at 1023: 747:Davies received the inaugural 1: 9880:, 2000, accessed 16 July 2012 9492:, ACM, retrieved 5 March 2013 9425:Biography of Paul Mockapetris 9249:Cohen, Danny (1 April 1980). 8821:Sunshine, C. A., ed. (1981). 8797:"IFIP WG 6.1 Newsletter 87/1" 8778:"Carl A. Sunshine's research" 8747:Davies, Donald Watts (1979). 8599:"A Brief History of Internet" 6663:"CNRI Officers and Directors" 6591:Kahn, the principal architect 6484:Davies, Donald Watts (1979). 6235:Davies, Donald Watts (1979). 5795:Barber, Derek (Spring 1993). 5740:Waldrop, M. Mitchell (2018). 5686:A Brief History of the Future 4901:. Stripe Press. p. 286. 4895:Waldrop, M. Mitchell (2018). 4504: 4446:History of the World Wide Web 4215:William Crowther (programmer) 3910: 3557: 3524: 3340:University of Texas at Austin 2897:- Board member) and Ireland ( 2773:In 1999 he was inducted as a 2683: 2610:IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal 2316:Transmission Control Protocol 2287:Institute of Computer Science 2053:Transmission Control Protocol 1966: 1636:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1478:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 1435:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 1391: 1205:Digital Equipment Corporation 862:Digital Equipment Corporation 823: 655:Baran received the inaugural 618: 575:Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider 258:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 236:Transmission Control Protocol 11336:Lists of computer scientists 11230:Baran, Paul (5 March 1990). 9890:"Ireland's real net pioneer" 9698:DCNET Internet Clock Service 9665:Quarterman, John S. (1990). 8726:10.1016/0376-5075(77)90003-4 8184:10.1016/0376-5075(78)90039-9 7700:The Doug Engelbart Institute 7658:from the White House website 7029:Network Mail Meeting Summary 5157:National Physical Laboratory 4679:IEEE Communications Magazine 4285:(1952–2015) was an American 4189:(born 1930) was part of the 4166:Interface Message Processors 3945:Birth of the Internet plaque 3739: 3635: 3457: 3174:. In 1980, while working at 3068:Van Jacobson in January 2006 2838:). In 2010 she received the 2828:link-state routing protocols 2708:(1938–2024) was an American 2701:Public Services Project logo 2513:(ISI) in 1983, proposed the 2025:Transmission Control Program 2023:Dalal co-authored the first 1808:Augmentation Research Center 1677:Augmentation Research Center 1628:National Medal of Technology 1626:His many awards include the 1542: 1433:. He was the creator of the 1043:Interface Message Processors 885:(1937–2018) was an American 837:(1932–2017) was director of 808:Transmission Control Program 701:National Physical Laboratory 555:final section of the article 7: 10172:. World Wide Web Consortium 10145:"wb - LBNL Whiteboard Tool" 10053:(Basic Books, 2002), p.150. 9713:Network Time Protocol (NTP) 9454:. 16 July 1992. p. 551 9130:Stokes, A. V., ed. (1986). 9105:Stokes, A. V., ed. (1982). 9088:"Books by Adrian V. Stokes" 8326:Panzaris, Georgios (2008). 8102:. Vol. 50, no. 8. 7751:author profile page at the 7268:Lyon, Matthew (Fall 1997). 7000:"Email Innovation Timeline" 6610:. ACM. 2004. Archived from 4626:"JCR Licklider (1915-1990)" 4535:Cerf, V.; Kahn, R. (1974). 4408: 4203:Interface Message Processor 4024:RICHARD KARP CARL SUNSHINE 3471:(born 1964) is an American 3450:. He is also co-founder of 3422:(born 1971) is an American 3213:. In 2004, Berners-Lee was 3211:World Wide Web Hall of Fame 2943:National Science Foundation 2861:National Science Foundation 2595:Internet Architecture Board 2585:(born 1944) is an American 2517:(DNS) architecture. He was 1804:Elizabeth J. "Jake" Feinler 1673:Stanford Research Institute 1568:", sharing this title with 1566:the fathers of the Internet 1360:Internet Architecture Board 1354:, Inc. He has also been an 1348:Trusted Information Systems 1170:Interface Message Processor 1078:(born 1938) is an American 1056: 999:Interface Message Processor 883:Lawrence G. "Larry" Roberts 216:Hypertext Transfer Protocol 10: 11357: 11055: 10898:. 10732:Roberts, Lawrence (1967). 10082:Proceedings of SIGCOMM '88 9490:"SIGCOMM Award Recipients" 9353:"SIGCOMM Award Recipients" 8044:"The internet's fifth man" 7859:"INCITS Awards Honor Roll" 7488:Interview with Vinton Cerf 6763:. CRC Press. p. 344. 6639:. Ieee.org. Archived from 4367: 4338: 4275: 4250: 4229: 4212: 4179: 4142: 3931: 3914: 3893: 3876: 3859: 3842: 3825: 3772: 3743: 3718: 3693: 3672: 3639: 3614: 3593: 3572: 3561: 3550: 3539: 3528: 3517: 3506: 3461: 3412: 3353:Secure Network Programming 3321: 3248: 3156: 3071: 2987: 2976:recognized Wolff with its 2927: 2849: 2808: 2687: 2674:Connecting to the Internet 2650: 2624: 2575: 2495: 2423: 2329: 2310:Judith Estrin worked with 2303: 2275: 2238:(1933–2020) was a British 2228: 1970: 1937: 1912: 1892: 1841: 1820:Network Information Center 1796: 1713: 1692:human–computer interaction 1661: 1554: 1403: 1295: 1193: 1158: 1096:AT&T Bell Laboratories 1068: 1027: 972: 875: 827: 769: 758:"pioneers" award from the 754:in 2000 and the inaugural 681: 670:"pioneers" award from the 666:in 2000 and the inaugural 622: 567: 204:Information infrastructure 11300:Charles Babbage Institute 11278:Charles Babbage Institute 11257:Charles Babbage Institute 11236:Charles Babbage Institute 11215:Charles Babbage Institute 11190:Charles Babbage Institute 11106:. Network Working Group. 10872:. Network Working Group. 10362:World Wide Web Consortium 10269:Best of the Web Directory 9819:Brown, Bob (5 May 2006). 9201:Gwiazda, Suzanne Butler. 9107:Integrated office systems 8896:University College London 8708:Sunshine, Carl A (1977). 8483:Pelkey, James L. (2007). 8441:Pelkey, James L. (2007). 7749:List of Internet pioneers 6847:"The First Network Email" 6167:Isaacson, Walter (2014). 6088:McHugh, Josh (May 2001). 5106:Communications of the ACM 4691:10.1109/MCOM.2002.1018006 4556:10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259 4329:Who's Who in the Internet 4316:from 1990 to March 1998. 4262:British academic networks 4088:UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 4015:YOGEN DALAL DARRYL RUBIN 4008:DAG BELSNES JAMES MATHIS 3684:University College London 3475:. In 1993, together with 3387:ACM Software System Award 3318:Simon S. Lam in June 2009 3204:World Wide Web Foundation 3196:World Wide Web Consortium 3166:(born 1955) is a British 3126:, and was elected to the 3039:TCP Friendly Rate Control 3027:Selective acknowledgement 2760:Exterior Gateway Protocol 2521:chair from 1994 to 1996. 2385:Cohen was elected to the 2291:British academic networks 2245:University College London 2215:The Aerospace Corporation 2180:Metaphor Computer Systems 2122:Due to his experience in 2102:in 1973. His interest in 2018:internetworking protocols 1736:United Nations University 1704:graphical user interfaces 1698:, and the development of 1551:Vint Cerf, September 2010 1344:The Aerospace Corporation 1104:Bolt Beranek & Newman 810:which became part of the 581:(MIT), and researcher at 243:Internet service provider 11163:14 November 2017 at the 10413:10.1109/RISP.1991.130782 9993:Crain's Detroit Business 9760:, D.L. Mills, April 1984 9627:, University of Delaware 9132:Communications standards 8943:Martin, Olivier (2012). 8878:6 September 2005 at the 8714:Computer Networks (1976) 8656:Interview of Yogen Dalal 8172:Computer Networks (1976) 8145:. Taylor & Francis. 7499:Government Computer News 5036:Yates, David M. (1997). 5018:13 December 2012 at the 4647:"Man-Computer Symbiosis" 4604:Living Internet web book 4456: 4323:, she received the 2006 4191:Bolt, Beranek and Newman 4168:) as a way of forming a 3446:, the first widely used 2461:, recipient of the 1995 2250:Newly Independent States 1765:In 2003, he received an 1758:, and when possible the 1638:, and membership in the 1450:Internet Experiment Note 1346:and a vice president at 1307:Network Control Protocol 1280:, for networked email. 1039:Bolt, Beranek and Newman 993:After this, he moved to 611:"pioneers" award by the 602:"Man-Computer Symbiosis" 583:Bolt, Beranek and Newman 116:Right to Internet access 11331:History of the Internet 11203:Bolt Beranek and Newman 10285:. BBC. 31 December 2003 9926:20 January 2011 at the 9794:19 January 2024 at the 9555:17 October 2011 at the 9478:David Clark's Biography 9228:"Danny Cohen biography" 8975:Kirstein, P.T. (1999). 8949:. Trafford Publishing. 8922:10.1109/PROC.1978.11147 8910:Proceedings of the IEEE 8417:Computer History Museum 8223:Smithsonian Institution 7007:Computer History Museum 6732:10.1109/PROC.1978.11141 6720:Proceedings of the IEEE 6531:10.1145/1658978.1658990 6412:Proceedings of the IEEE 6371:10.1145/1476936.1477020 5926:Smithsonian Institution 5683:Naughton, John (2015). 5316:10.1109/MAHC.1987.10023 5118:10.1145/1230819.1230840 4847:10.1109/PROC.1978.11143 4835:Proceedings of the IEEE 4771:10.1109/PROC.1978.11141 4759:Proceedings of the IEEE 4652:3 November 2005 at the 4431:History of the Internet 4350:University of Minnesota 4131:Other Internet pioneers 4125:DEDICATED 28 July 2005 4048:BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN 3653:. He is the founder of 3054:Internet Advisory Board 2635:in 2004, together with 2395:United States Air Force 2124:communication protocols 1585:Network Control Program 1326:artificial intelligence 1229:in March 1973. Through 1117:In 1972, he joined the 1094:in 1964, he worked for 1037:(1929–2018) worked for 866:Systems Research Center 812:Internet protocol suite 781:communication protocols 659:in 1989, the inaugural 363:History of the Internet 226:Internet protocol suite 221:Internet exchange point 11100:G. Malkin (May 1992). 11035:Stewart, Bill (2015). 10954:. CERN. Archived from 10866:G. Malkin (May 1992). 9600:internethalloffame.org 9430:30 August 2010 at the 8266:10.1353/tech.2014.0096 8254:Technology and Culture 8082:, ACM SIGCOMM web site 8033:, ACM SIGCOMM web site 7981:10.1353/tech.2014.0096 7969:Technology and Culture 7916:11 August 2011 at the 7835:. 1992. Archived from 7644:Cerf wins Turing Award 7324:Hafner & Lyon 1999 6929:Inventing the Internet 6566:Hafner & Lyon 1996 6424:10.1109/PROC.1972.8911 6330:Inventing the Internet 6327:Abbate, Janet (1999). 6214:Clarke, Peter (1982). 6025:The California Almanac 6006:Science and Technology 5663:archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk 5531:Clarke, Peter (1982). 5479:10.1098/rsbm.2002.0006 5371:Inventing the Internet 5204:Pelkey, James (2007). 5067:"A Flaw in the Design" 4938:. pp. 39, 57–58. 4931:Inventing the Internet 4928:Abbate, Janet (2000). 4829:Kleinrock, L. (1978). 4796:"A Flaw in the Design" 4395:De Montfort University 3761:and inducted into the 3709:University of Delaware 3410: 3319: 3246: 3154: 3069: 3003:random early detection 2925: 2820:spanning-tree protocol 2806: 2768:University of Delaware 2718:University of Michigan 2702: 2538:Sigcomm lifetime award 2430:Starting in the 1980s 2421: 2355:(1976), he joined the 2084:Electrical Engineering 1794: 1725:File Transfer Protocol 1659: 1552: 1401: 1309:. He also created the 1293: 1219:File Transfer Protocol 1066: 934:, the first wide area 895:electrical engineering 96:Freedom of information 11092:, established by the 11090:Internet Hall of Fame 11037:"Web Browser History" 10749:10.1145/800001.811680 10560:"Vern Paxson Honored" 9638:The Data Concentrator 9386:Internet Hall of Fame 9043:on 10 September 2010. 6266:Beranek, Leo (2000). 6123:on 22 September 2004. 5834:"On packet switching" 5558:Computer Resurrection 5024:Internet Hall of Fame 4628:. Columbia University 4010:RONALD CRANE JUNIOR 3959:BIRTH OF THE INTERNET 3763:Internet Hall of Fame 3663:Internet Hall of Fame 3409:Marc Andreessen, 2007 3408: 3317: 3300:Internet Hall of Fame 3245:Robert Cailliau, 1995 3244: 3227:Internet Hall of Fame 3202:, and founder of the 3149: 3132:Internet Hall of Fame 3093:, popularly known as 3067: 2935:Stephen "Steve" Wolff 2920: 2804: 2744:Network Time Protocol 2699:Network Time Protocol 2697: 2542:Internet Hall of Fame 2486:Internet Hall of Fame 2419: 2402:Internet Hall of Fame 2262:Internet Hall of Fame 2069:Xerox Network Systems 1953:PARC Universal Packet 1924:sliding window scheme 1879:Internet Hall of Fame 1828:Internet Hall of Fame 1792: 1775:Internet Hall of Fame 1657: 1562:Vinton G. "Vint" Cerf 1550: 1533:Internet Hall of Fame 1399: 1382:Internet Hall of Fame 1291: 1064: 1014:Internet Hall of Fame 986:in his Ph.D. thesis, 959:Internet Hall of Fame 756:Internet Hall of Fame 668:Internet Hall of Fame 609:Internet Hall of Fame 511:Internet Hall of Fame 11015:internet-guide.co.uk 10743:. pp. 3.1–3.6. 10407:. pp. 136–154. 9735:, web page on NSF's 9035:Tribunals, Council. 9021:on 7 February 2020. 8585:; Lynch, Daniel C.; 8050:. 30 November 2013. 7359:"ICANN news release" 7065:. 21 November 1977. 6936:. pp. 106–111. 4670:Baran, Paul (2002). 4656:, J.C.R. Licklider, 4441:History of hypertext 4043:COLLABORATING GROUPS 3378:1.3 is used for all 3272:informatics engineer 3087:Jacobson's algorithm 3048:in 2005 and the ACM 2893:, EARN - President; 2885:'s TCP/IP protocols. 1824:Defense Data Network 1799:Elizabeth J. Feinler 1681:domain name registry 1311:Request for Comments 1267:INWG Protocol note 2 1102:at MIT. He moved to 1092:Princeton University 1076:Robert E. "Bob" Kahn 1003:hierarchical routing 954:from 1973 to 1980. 948:public data networks 889:. After earning his 739:secure communication 146:Virtual volunteering 11148:"Internet Pioneers" 11128:Obsoletes RFC 10894:Obsoletes RFC 10847:on 13 December 2011 10624:on 23 December 2022 10531:5 June 2016 at the 10526:"About NCSA Mosaic" 10358:"Macintosh Browser" 9930:, Charles Waltner, 9775:14 May 2011 at the 9742:14 May 2011 at the 9731:20 May 2011 at the 9308:16 May 2013 at the 9289:28 May 2010 at the 8621:1999cs........1011L 8495:on 5 September 2019 8453:on 5 September 2019 8334:Stanford University 7577:on 12 December 2009 7533:2009Natur.461.1202C 7527:(7268): 1202–1203. 7493:9 June 2007 at the 7467:as of February 2001 7140:10.1109/MAHC.2011.9 6406:Kahn, R.E. (1972). 5882:10.1109/MAHC.2011.9 5587:. ATINER: 123–134. 5071:The Washington Post 4967:, 3 November 1967, 4800:The Washington Post 3833:Henning Schulzrinne 3828:Henning Schulzrinne 3822:Henning Schulzrinne 3473:computer programmer 3267:, born 1947), is a 3046:IEEE Internet Award 3001:. She invented the 2999:Internet congestion 2791:IEEE Internet Award 2712:. Mills earned his 2633:IEEE Internet Award 2530:IEEE Internet Award 2503:Paul V. Mockapetris 2098:in 1972 and then a 2096:Stanford University 2043:as a shorthand for 1603:, in May 1974 with 1593:Stanford University 1589:assistant professor 1400:Jon Postel, c. 1994 1100:assistant professor 697:data communications 504:IEEE Internet Award 428:Internet portal 368:Oldest domain names 11158:"Pioneers Gallery" 10710:on 2 February 2020 10678:Livinginternet.com 10507:. Alleyinsider.com 10310:Dr. Dobb's Journal 10157:"Mr. Van Jacobson" 9434:, Nominum web site 9272:October 1981 issue 9264:Also published at 8801:umedia.lib.umn.edu 8583:Kleinrock, Leonard 8569:Leiner, Barry M.; 8378:www.rfc-editor.org 7941:on 1 February 2013 7672:. Internet Society 7440:www.rfc-editor.org 6996:Feinler, Elizabeth 6857:on 9 February 2014 6608:A. M. Turing Award 4600:"Internet History" 4287:computer scientist 4093:ANDREW HINCHLEY • 3782:is a Professor of 3705:professor emeritus 3649:is a professor at 3493:killer application 3420:Marc L. Andreessen 3411: 3320: 3278:who, working with 3276:computer scientist 3247: 3172:computer scientist 3155: 3107:multicast backbone 3083:computer scientist 3070: 2926: 2857:Dennis M. Jennings 2846:Dennis M. Jennings 2807: 2733:mainframe computer 2703: 2587:computer scientist 2515:Domain Name System 2422: 2349:Harvard University 2240:computer scientist 2188:Board of Directors 2104:data communication 2078:After receiving a 1795: 1660: 1553: 1402: 1294: 1086:. After earning a 1084:computer scientist 1067: 1049:computers for the 903:Lincoln Laboratory 887:computer scientist 726:, which he called 724:congestion control 570:J. C. R. Licklider 564:J. C. R. Licklider 509:inducted into the 211:Domain Name System 101:Internet phenomena 11326:Internet pioneers 11075:978-0-684-81201-4 11039:. Living Internet 10593:. Stanford Report 9991:, Tom Henderson, 9954:978-1-4302-0869-3 9831:on 2 January 2014 9615:, NTPPSP web site 9141:978-0-08-034092-0 9116:978-0-08-028568-9 8996:10.1109/85.759368 8916:(11): 1386–1408. 8859:978-0-306-43189-0 8832:978-0-89006-097-1 8591:Roberts, Larry G. 8152:978-1-000-79781-7 8120:. 9 November 2020 7935:SRI International 7839:on 13 August 2011 7776:on 13 August 2011 7507:Leonard Kleinrock 6943:978-0-2625-1115-5 6932:. Cambridge, MA: 6581:Pelkey, James L. 6540:978-1-60558-749-3 6497:978-0-471-99750-4 6418:(11): 1397–1407. 6380:978-1-4503-7903-8 6340:978-0-262-01172-3 6248:978-0-471-99750-4 6145:on 10 August 2011 6056:978-0-7538-1093-4 5998:Licklider, J.C.R. 5964:978-0-684-87216-2 5753:978-1-953953-36-0 5743:The Dream Machine 5696:978-1-4746-0277-8 5594:978-960-6672-46-0 5340:. 5 February 2010 5049:978-0-901805-94-2 4945:978-0-2625-1115-5 4934:. Cambridge, MA: 4908:978-1-953953-36-0 4898:The Dream Machine 4872:Pelkey, James L. 4841:(11): 1320–1329. 4487:Peter T. Kirstein 4387:Line Mode Browser 4283:Joyce K. Reynolds 4278:Joyce K. Reynolds 4272:Joyce K. Reynolds 4170:message switching 4114:• DANIEL LYNCH • 3483:while working at 3442:, he co-authored 3424:software engineer 3200:Web Science Trust 3044:She received the 2881:it would use the 2840:ACM SIGCOMM Award 2816:Radia Joy Perlman 2710:computer engineer 2574: 2573: 2570: 2254:Southern Caucasus 2236:Peter T. Kirstein 2231:Peter T. Kirstein 2186:, and joined the 2161:, leading to the 2057:Internet Protocol 1895:Hubert Zimmermann 1889:Hubert Zimmermann 1785:Elizabeth Feinler 1688:computer networks 1669:Douglas Engelbart 1664:Douglas Engelbart 1658:Douglas Engelbart 1650:Douglas Engelbart 1114:for the ARPANET. 1112:IMP-Host protocol 990:at MIT in 1962. 980:Leonard Kleinrock 975:Leonard Kleinrock 969:Leonard Kleinrock 797:message switching 777:Roger Scantlebury 772:Roger Scantlebury 766:Roger Scantlebury 647:store and forward 470:Internet pioneers 462: 461: 313:Instant messaging 231:Internet Protocol 141:Virtual community 38:visualization of 11348: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11267: 11265: 11263: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11225: 11223: 11221: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11124: 11115: 11113:10.17487/RFC1336 11094:Internet Society 11079: 11049: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11007: 11001: 11000: 10984: 10974: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10948: 10939: 10929: 10923: 10917: 10911: 10905: 10899: 10890: 10881: 10879:10.17487/RFC1336 10863: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10852: 10837: 10831: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10805:. Archived from 10799: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10785: 10770: 10764: 10763: 10738: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10717: 10715: 10706:. Archived from 10704:web.stanford.edu 10696: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10680:. 7 January 2000 10670: 10664: 10663: 10657: 10655: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10620:. Archived from 10609: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10571: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10542: 10536: 10523: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10500: 10494: 10493: 10486: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10475: 10466: 10457: 10451: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10402: 10392: 10386: 10379: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10353: 10344: 10343: 10341: 10339: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10290: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10261: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10247: 10242:. 5 January 2007 10232: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10188: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10166: 10160: 10154: 10148: 10142: 10136: 10130: 10124: 10118: 10112: 10106: 10097: 10091: 10085: 10080:, Van Jacobson, 10075: 10069: 10063: 10054: 10047: 10041: 10034: 10028: 10022: 10011: 10005: 9996: 9986: 9980: 9974: 9968: 9962: 9956: 9941: 9935: 9918: 9909: 9903: 9897: 9896:, 4 October 2007 9887: 9881: 9871: 9865: 9859: 9853: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9827:. Archived from 9816: 9810: 9804: 9798: 9786: 9780: 9767: 9761: 9752: 9746: 9723: 9717: 9708: 9702: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9662: 9656: 9648: 9642: 9634: 9628: 9622: 9616: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9560: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9524: 9518: 9512:. Archived from 9507: 9499: 9493: 9487: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9453: 9441: 9435: 9422: 9416: 9413: 9407: 9404: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9378: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9349: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9329:. Archived from 9319: 9313: 9300: 9294: 9281: 9275: 9263: 9246: 9240: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9198: 9192: 9191: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9166:on 16 March 2012 9162:. Archived from 9152: 9146: 9145: 9127: 9121: 9120: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9054: 9045: 9044: 9039:. Archived from 9032: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9014:. Archived from 8981: 8972: 8961: 8960: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8905: 8899: 8889: 8883: 8870: 8864: 8863: 8843: 8837: 8836: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8774: 8768: 8767: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8661: 8650: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8623:. Archived from 8614: 8605:. p. 1011. 8603:Internet Society 8566: 8560: 8539: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8491:. Archived from 8480: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8449:. Archived from 8438: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8408: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8357: 8348: 8342: 8341: 8323: 8310: 8309: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8232: 8230: 8209: 8196: 8195: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8064: 8062: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8008:. Archived from 7999: 7993: 7992: 7960: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7937:. Archived from 7927: 7921: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7869:on 1 August 2013 7865:. Archived from 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7762: 7756: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7647: 7646:16 February 2005 7641: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7619: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7567: 7561: 7560: 7541:10.1038/4611202a 7516: 7510: 7484: 7478: 7465:curriculum vitae 7460: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7416: 7410: 7409: 7400: 7394: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7355: 7349: 7348: 7339: 7330: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7287: 7284: 7278: 7277: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7249: 7240: 7239: 7230: 7219: 7218: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7177: 7160: 7159: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7074: 7072:10.17487/RFC0733 7057: 7051: 7050: 7041: 7039:10.17487/RFC0469 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7004: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6972:. 6 March 2016. 6962: 6956: 6955: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6882: 6876: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6853:. Archived from 6845:Tomlinson, Ray. 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6803:. January 1978. 6802: 6794: 6788: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6717: 6708: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6687:. LivingInternet 6681: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6619: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6578: 6572: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6520: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6473:. pp. 91–2. 6472: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6150: 6141:. Archived from 6139:web.stanford.edu 6131: 6125: 6124: 6119:. Archived from 6106: 6100: 6099: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6016: 6010: 6009: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5865: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5817: 5815: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5779: 5777: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5641: 5636:on 7 August 2003 5623: 5617: 5616: 5610: 5602: 5597:. Archived from 5576: 5570: 5569: 5549: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5440: 5431:. Archived from 5422: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5362: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5345: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5310:(3/4): 221–247. 5295: 5286: 5285: 5279: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5257: 5251: 5244: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5219: 5210:. Archived from 5201: 5195: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5181:on 24 March 2016 5177:. 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Wilbur 4220:William Crowther 4209:William Crowther 4064:• DAVID CLARK • 3884:Jennifer Rexford 3879:Jennifer Rexford 3873:Jennifer Rexford 3784:Computer Science 3584:resource sharing 3333:Internet Society 3304:Internet Society 3266: 3261: 3231:Internet Society 3136:Internet Society 3019:network topology 2974:Internet Society 2678:Internet Society 2559: 2556: 2546:Internet Society 2498:Paul Mockapetris 2492:Paul Mockapetris 2479:Internet Society 2467:John Scott Award 2406:Internet Society 2351:(1969–1973) and 2278:Adrian V. Stokes 2266:Internet Society 2149: 2113:Computer Science 2108:graduate student 2012:, also known as 1900:Hubert Zimmerman 1883:Internet Society 1832:Internet Society 1779:Internet Society 1617:Internet Society 1537:Internet Society 1521:Internet Society 1514:David H. Crocker 1500: 1494: 1386:Internet Society 1368:Internet Society 1278:David H. Crocker 1018:Internet Society 963:Internet Society 936:packet switching 909:computer to the 835:Robert W. Taylor 760:Internet Society 693:packet switching 672:Internet Society 634:RAND Corporation 613:Internet Society 587:computer network 480:acknowledged by 454: 447: 440: 426: 425: 400: 399: 32: 18: 17: 11356: 11355: 11351: 11350: 11349: 11347: 11346: 11345: 11316: 11315: 11304: 11302: 11282: 11280: 11261: 11259: 11240: 11238: 11219: 11217: 11194: 11192: 11180: 11165:Wayback Machine 11150:, web pages at 11138:, IETF web site 11086: 11076: 11058: 11053: 11052: 11042: 11040: 11033: 11029: 11019: 11017: 11009: 11008: 11004: 10997: 10975: 10971: 10961: 10959: 10958:on 29 June 2017 10950: 10949: 10942: 10930: 10926: 10918: 10914: 10906: 10902: 10864: 10860: 10850: 10848: 10839: 10838: 10834: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10810: 10809:on 3 March 2016 10801: 10800: 10796: 10783: 10781: 10771: 10767: 10736: 10730: 10726: 10713: 10711: 10698: 10697: 10693: 10683: 10681: 10672: 10671: 10667: 10653: 10651: 10641: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10612:Pelkey, James. 10610: 10606: 10596: 10594: 10583: 10579: 10569: 10567: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10544: 10543: 10539: 10524: 10520: 10510: 10508: 10501: 10497: 10488: 10487: 10483: 10473: 10471: 10464: 10458: 10454: 10449: 10445: 10435: 10433: 10423: 10400: 10393: 10389: 10380: 10376: 10366: 10364: 10354: 10347: 10337: 10335: 10330: 10329: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10303: 10302: 10298: 10288: 10286: 10281: 10280: 10276: 10263: 10262: 10255: 10245: 10243: 10234: 10233: 10229: 10219: 10217: 10213:Stewart, Bill. 10211: 10207: 10197: 10195: 10190: 10189: 10185: 10175: 10173: 10168: 10167: 10163: 10155: 10151: 10143: 10139: 10131: 10127: 10119: 10115: 10111:, IEEE web site 10107: 10100: 10092: 10088: 10076: 10072: 10064: 10057: 10048: 10044: 10035: 10031: 10023: 10014: 10006: 9999: 9987: 9983: 9975: 9971: 9963: 9959: 9942: 9938: 9928:Wayback Machine 9919: 9912: 9904: 9900: 9888: 9884: 9872: 9868: 9860: 9856: 9848: 9844: 9834: 9832: 9817: 9813: 9805: 9801: 9796:Wayback Machine 9787: 9783: 9777:Wayback Machine 9768: 9764: 9753: 9749: 9744:Wayback Machine 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8706: 8702: 8692: 8690: 8679: 8678: 8674: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8651: 8640: 8630: 8628: 8579:Kahn, Robert E. 8575:Clark, David D. 8571:Cerf, Vinton G. 8567: 8563: 8540: 8536: 8526: 8524: 8512: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8481: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8439: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8410: 8409: 8392: 8382: 8380: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8355: 8349: 8345: 8336:. p. 128. 8324: 8313: 8302: 8301: 8297: 8246: 8242: 8228: 8226: 8225:. 24 April 1990 8211: 8210: 8199: 8164: 8160: 8153: 8137: 8133: 8123: 8121: 8112: 8111: 8107: 8090: 8086: 8078: 8074: 8060: 8058: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8029: 8025: 8015: 8013: 8012:on 17 June 2021 8000: 7996: 7961: 7954: 7944: 7942: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7918:Wayback Machine 7907: 7903: 7893: 7891: 7887: 7886: 7882: 7872: 7870: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7842: 7840: 7827: 7826: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7793: 7789: 7779: 7777: 7764: 7763: 7759: 7755:Digital Library 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7728:BBC News Online 7719: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7675: 7673: 7666: 7662: 7654: 7650: 7642: 7638: 7628: 7626: 7621: 7620: 7616: 7606: 7604: 7603:on 6 April 2010 7595: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7569: 7568: 7564: 7517: 7513: 7495:Wayback Machine 7485: 7481: 7461: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7434: 7433: 7429: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7371: 7370: 7366: 7357: 7356: 7352: 7341: 7340: 7333: 7322: 7318: 7305:Pelkey, James. 7303: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7285: 7281: 7266: 7262: 7251: 7250: 7243: 7232: 7231: 7222: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7179: 7178: 7163: 7124: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7100:. 20 May 2023. 7098:Washington Post 7092: 7091: 7087: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7009: 7002: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6944: 6921: 6917: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6895:. p. 253. 6883: 6879: 6874: 6870: 6860: 6858: 6851:Openmap.bbn.com 6843: 6839: 6829: 6827: 6818:Tom Van Vleck. 6816: 6812: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6786: 6782: 6771: 6755: 6751: 6726:(11): 1307–13. 6715: 6709: 6700: 6690: 6688: 6683: 6682: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6661: 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6643:on 6 April 2010 6635: 6634: 6630: 6617: 6615: 6604:"Robert E Kahn" 6602: 6601: 6597: 6579: 6575: 6564: 6560: 6541: 6518: 6512: 6508: 6498: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6452: 6446: 6442: 6404: 6400: 6381: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6325: 6321: 6311: 6309: 6303: 6299: 6264: 6260: 6249: 6233: 6229: 6220: 6212: 6208: 6200: 6192: 6188: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6148: 6146: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6107: 6103: 6086: 6082: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6043: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6017: 6013: 5995: 5991: 5976: 5972: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5931: 5929: 5928:. 24 April 1990 5914: 5913: 5909: 5866: 5855: 5842: 5840: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5813: 5811: 5793: 5789: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5708: 5704: 5697: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5657: 5656: 5652: 5639: 5637: 5624: 5620: 5604: 5603: 5595: 5577: 5573: 5550: 5546: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5502: 5498: 5458: 5451: 5438: 5436: 5435:on 17 June 2021 5423: 5419: 5409: 5407: 5406:. 5 August 2008 5398: 5397: 5393: 5382: 5363: 5356: 5343: 5341: 5336: 5335: 5331: 5296: 5289: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5217: 5215: 5214:on 30 July 2020 5202: 5198: 5192:packet network. 5184: 5182: 5171: 5167: 5152: 5141: 5137: 5098: 5094: 5080: 5078: 5073:. 30 May 2015. 5065: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5034: 5030: 5020:Wayback Machine 5011: 4976: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4926: 4919: 4909: 4893: 4889: 4870: 4866: 4827: 4823: 4809: 4807: 4802:. 30 May 2015. 4794: 4793: 4789: 4765:(11): 1307–13. 4754: 4748: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4705: 4674: 4668: 4664: 4654:Wayback Machine 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4624:Hauben, Jay R. 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4598:Stewart, Bill. 4596: 4592: 4584: 4575: 4539: 4533: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4501: 4477: 4471: 4464: 4459: 4423:Internet portal 4421: 4414: 4411: 4391:sandwich course 4372: 4366: 4343: 4337: 4280: 4274: 4255: 4249: 4234: 4228: 4217: 4211: 4187:Severo Ornstein 4184: 4182:Severo Ornstein 4178: 4176:Severo Ornstein 4147: 4145:Wesley A. Clark 4141: 4133: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4106: 4102: 4101: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3947: 3936: 3930: 3919: 3913: 3898: 3892: 3881: 3875: 3867:Ramesh Govindan 3864: 3862:Ramesh Govindan 3858: 3856:Ramesh Govindan 3847: 3841: 3830: 3824: 3777: 3771: 3748: 3742: 3723: 3717: 3698: 3692: 3677: 3671: 3651:Keio University 3644: 3638: 3626:IP multicasting 3622:Stephen Deering 3619: 3617:Stephen Deering 3613: 3611:Stephen Deering 3598: 3592: 3577: 3571: 3566: 3560: 3555: 3549: 3544: 3542:Yngvar G. Lundh 3538: 3533: 3527: 3522: 3516: 3511: 3505: 3477:Marc Andreessen 3466: 3460: 3434:. Working with 3417: 3415:Marc Andreessen 3403: 3401:Marc Andreessen 3326: 3312: 3280:Tim Berners-Lee 3264:[kaˈjo] 3259: 3256:Robert Cailliau 3253: 3251:Robert Cailliau 3239: 3237:Robert Cailliau 3188:Robert Cailliau 3161: 3159:Tim Berners-Lee 3152:Robert Cailliau 3144: 3142:Tim Berners-Lee 3081:is an American 3076: 3062: 2992: 2986: 2932: 2915: 2854: 2848: 2824:network bridges 2813: 2799: 2752:fuzzball router 2692: 2686: 2655: 2649: 2629: 2623: 2580: 2565: 2562: 2554: 2500: 2494: 2428: 2426:David J. Farber 2414: 2412:David J. Farber 2382:for computing. 2334: 2328: 2308: 2302: 2280: 2274: 2233: 2227: 2204: 2147: 2144:Robert Metcalfe 2092:master's degree 2071:(XNS), and the 2045:internetworking 2007: 1975: 1969: 1942: 1940:Robert Metcalfe 1936: 1917: 1911: 1897: 1891: 1861:internetworking 1846: 1840: 1801: 1787: 1718: 1712: 1666: 1652: 1597:internetworking 1559: 1545: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1491: 1476:describing the 1408: 1394: 1362:, chair of the 1300: 1286: 1217:The use of the 1198: 1192: 1182:internetworking 1163: 1157: 1135:internetworking 1073: 1059: 1032: 1026: 984:queueing theory 977: 971: 880: 874: 832: 826: 774: 768: 735:internetworking 686: 680: 627: 621: 572: 566: 490:internetworking 458: 420: 415: 414: 391: 383: 382: 358: 350: 349: 271: 263: 262: 206: 196: 195: 161: 151: 150: 51: 43: 12: 11: 5: 11354: 11344: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11314: 11313: 11291: 11269: 11248: 11227: 11206: 11179: 11178:Oral histories 11176: 11175: 11174: 11168: 11155: 11145: 11139: 11133: 11126:Informational. 11097: 11096:in April 2012. 11085: 11084:External links 11082: 11081: 11080: 11074: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11027: 11002: 10995: 10969: 10940: 10924: 10912: 10900: 10892:Informational. 10858: 10832: 10820: 10794: 10765: 10724: 10691: 10665: 10635: 10604: 10577: 10551: 10537: 10518: 10503:Frommer, Dan. 10495: 10481: 10452: 10443: 10421: 10387: 10374: 10345: 10323: 10296: 10274: 10253: 10227: 10205: 10183: 10161: 10149: 10137: 10125: 10113: 10098: 10086: 10070: 10055: 10042: 10029: 10012: 9997: 9995:, 1 April 2011 9981: 9969: 9957: 9936: 9934:, 30 July 2002 9910: 9898: 9894:Independent.ie 9882: 9866: 9854: 9842: 9811: 9799: 9781: 9762: 9747: 9718: 9703: 9688: 9681: 9657: 9643: 9629: 9617: 9605: 9587: 9573: 9561: 9542: 9530: 9494: 9482: 9470: 9436: 9417: 9408: 9399: 9388:. 26 June 2013 9373: 9344: 9314: 9295: 9276: 9241: 9232: 9220: 9193: 9177: 9147: 9140: 9122: 9115: 9097: 9079: 9060:(April 2001), 9046: 9027: 8962: 8956:978-1466938724 8955: 8935: 8900: 8884: 8865: 8858: 8838: 8831: 8813: 8787: 8769: 8759: 8739: 8720:(3): 175–195. 8700: 8689:. 25 July 2005 8672: 8638: 8627:on 4 June 2007 8595:Wolff, Stephen 8561: 8534: 8506: 8464: 8430: 8390: 8365: 8343: 8311: 8295: 8260:(4): 880–907. 8240: 8197: 8158: 8151: 8131: 8105: 8084: 8072: 8035: 8023: 7994: 7975:(4): 880–907. 7952: 7922: 7901: 7880: 7850: 7820: 7799: 7787: 7757: 7741: 7713: 7683: 7660: 7648: 7636: 7614: 7588: 7562: 7511: 7479: 7452: 7427: 7411: 7395: 7386: 7364: 7350: 7331: 7316: 7297: 7288: 7279: 7260: 7241: 7220: 7204: 7188: 7161: 7118: 7085: 7052: 7019: 6987: 6957: 6942: 6915: 6901: 6877: 6868: 6837: 6810: 6789: 6780: 6769: 6749: 6698: 6676: 6654: 6628: 6614:on 3 July 2012 6595: 6573: 6558: 6539: 6506: 6496: 6476: 6458: 6440: 6398: 6379: 6349: 6339: 6319: 6297: 6258: 6247: 6227: 6206: 6186: 6179: 6159: 6126: 6101: 6095:Wired Magazine 6080: 6062: 6055: 6037: 6011: 5989: 5984:New York Times 5970: 5963: 5943: 5907: 5853: 5825: 5787: 5762: 5752: 5732: 5722: 5702: 5695: 5675: 5650: 5618: 5601:on 2 May 2022. 5593: 5571: 5544: 5523: 5496: 5461:Needham, R. M. 5449: 5417: 5391: 5381:978-0262261333 5380: 5354: 5329: 5287: 5266: 5228: 5196: 5165: 5135: 5092: 5058: 5048: 5028: 5013:2012 Inductees 4974: 4954: 4944: 4917: 4907: 4887: 4864: 4821: 4787: 4739: 4714: 4662: 4639: 4616: 4590: 4573: 4550:(5): 637–648. 4509: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4410: 4407: 4403:classic Mac OS 4368:Main article: 4365: 4362: 4358:World Wide Web 4339:Main article: 4336: 4333: 4319:Together with 4293:function with 4276:Main article: 4273: 4270: 4251:Main article: 4248: 4245: 4230:Main article: 4227: 4224: 4213:Main article: 4210: 4207: 4180:Main article: 4177: 4174: 4143:Main article: 4140: 4137: 4132: 4129: 4095:PETER KIRSTEIN 4030:KUNINOBU TANNO 4028:GERARD LE LANN 3956: 3955: 3946: 3943: 3939:Carl Kesselman 3934:Carl Kesselman 3932:Main article: 3929: 3928:Carl Kesselman 3926: 3915:Main article: 3912: 3909: 3905:Stephen Casner 3894:Main article: 3891: 3888: 3877:Main article: 3874: 3871: 3860:Main article: 3857: 3854: 3850:Deborah Estrin 3845:Deborah Estrin 3843:Main article: 3840: 3839:Deborah Estrin 3837: 3826:Main article: 3823: 3820: 3773:Main article: 3770: 3767: 3744:Main article: 3741: 3738: 3719:Main article: 3716: 3713: 3701:David L. Mills 3696:David L. Mills 3694:Main article: 3691: 3688: 3673:Main article: 3670: 3667: 3640:Main article: 3637: 3634: 3615:Main article: 3612: 3609: 3594:Main article: 3591: 3588: 3573:Main article: 3570: 3567: 3562:Main article: 3559: 3556: 3551:Main article: 3548: 3545: 3540:Main article: 3537: 3534: 3529:Main article: 3526: 3523: 3518:Main article: 3515: 3512: 3507:Main article: 3504: 3501: 3462:Main article: 3459: 3456: 3413:Main article: 3402: 3399: 3322:Main article: 3311: 3308: 3296:World Wide Web 3249:Main article: 3238: 3235: 3192:World Wide Web 3157:Main article: 3143: 3140: 3072:Main article: 3061: 3058: 2988:Main article: 2985: 2982: 2955:gigabit speeds 2928:Main article: 2914: 2911: 2887: 2886: 2879: 2876: 2865:supercomputing 2850:Main article: 2847: 2844: 2809:Main article: 2798: 2795: 2730:IBM System/360 2706:David L. Mills 2690:David L. Mills 2688:Main article: 2685: 2682: 2651:Main article: 2648: 2645: 2625:Main article: 2622: 2619: 2583:David D. Clark 2578:David D. Clark 2576:Main article: 2572: 2571: 2553: 2550: 2526:John C. Dvorak 2496:Main article: 2493: 2490: 2424:Main article: 2420:Farber in 2008 2413: 2410: 2330:Main article: 2327: 2324: 2304:Main article: 2301: 2298: 2276:Main article: 2273: 2270: 2229:Main article: 2226: 2225:Peter Kirstein 2223: 2203: 2200: 2173:tech companies 2010:Yogen K. Dalal 2006: 2003: 1971:Main article: 1968: 1965: 1938:Main article: 1935: 1932: 1920:Gérard Le Lann 1915:Gérard Le Lann 1913:Main article: 1910: 1909:Gérard Le Lann 1907: 1893:Main article: 1890: 1887: 1842:Main article: 1839: 1836: 1797:Main article: 1786: 1783: 1714:Main article: 1711: 1708: 1696:computer mouse 1662:Main article: 1651: 1648: 1587:. Cerf was an 1575:He earned his 1555:Main article: 1544: 1541: 1501: 1495: 1489: 1404:Main article: 1393: 1390: 1378:Internet Award 1296:Main article: 1285: 1282: 1253:, and finally 1194:Main article: 1191: 1188: 1159:Main article: 1156: 1153: 1108:IMP subnetwork 1069:Main article: 1058: 1055: 1028:Main article: 1025: 1022: 973:Main article: 970: 967: 876:Main article: 873: 870: 828:Main article: 825: 822: 770:Main article: 767: 764: 752:Internet Award 682:Main article: 679: 676: 664:Internet Award 623:Main article: 620: 617: 593:(IPTO) of the 568:Main article: 565: 562: 518: 517: 514: 507: 506:; or have been 500: 460: 459: 457: 456: 449: 442: 434: 431: 430: 417: 416: 413: 412: 405: 392: 389: 388: 385: 384: 381: 380: 375: 370: 365: 359: 356: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 346: 345: 338:World Wide Web 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 284: 283: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 239: 238: 233: 223: 218: 213: 207: 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 162: 157: 156: 153: 152: 149: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 106:Net neutrality 103: 98: 93: 88: 86:Digital rights 83: 81:Digital divide 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 52: 49: 48: 45: 44: 33: 25: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11353: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11321: 11301: 11297: 11292: 11279: 11275: 11270: 11258: 11254: 11249: 11237: 11233: 11228: 11216: 11212: 11207: 11204: 11191: 11187: 11182: 11181: 11172: 11169: 11166: 11162: 11159: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11146: 11143: 11140: 11137: 11134: 11131: 11127: 11122: 11119: 11116:. FYI 9. 11114: 11109: 11105: 11104: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11077: 11071: 11067: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11038: 11031: 11016: 11012: 11006: 10998: 10992: 10988: 10983: 10982: 10973: 10957: 10953: 10947: 10945: 10937: 10933: 10928: 10921: 10916: 10909: 10904: 10897: 10893: 10888: 10885: 10882:. FYI 9. 10880: 10875: 10871: 10870: 10862: 10846: 10842: 10836: 10829: 10824: 10808: 10804: 10798: 10791: 10780: 10776: 10769: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10735: 10728: 10721: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10695: 10679: 10675: 10669: 10662: 10650: 10646: 10639: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10608: 10592: 10591:Press release 10588: 10581: 10565: 10561: 10555: 10547: 10541: 10534: 10530: 10527: 10522: 10506: 10499: 10491: 10485: 10470: 10463: 10456: 10447: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10422:0-8186-2168-0 10418: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10399: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10378: 10363: 10359: 10352: 10350: 10333: 10327: 10312: 10311: 10306: 10300: 10284: 10278: 10270: 10266: 10260: 10258: 10241: 10237: 10231: 10216: 10209: 10193: 10187: 10171: 10165: 10158: 10153: 10146: 10141: 10134: 10129: 10122: 10117: 10110: 10105: 10103: 10095: 10090: 10083: 10079: 10074: 10067: 10062: 10060: 10052: 10046: 10039: 10038:"Sally Floyd" 10033: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10009: 10004: 10002: 9994: 9990: 9985: 9978: 9973: 9966: 9961: 9955: 9951: 9947: 9946: 9940: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9922: 9917: 9915: 9907: 9902: 9895: 9891: 9886: 9879: 9875: 9870: 9863: 9858: 9851: 9846: 9830: 9826: 9825:Network World 9822: 9815: 9808: 9803: 9797: 9793: 9790: 9785: 9778: 9774: 9771: 9766: 9759: 9758: 9751: 9745: 9741: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9727: 9722: 9715: 9714: 9707: 9700: 9699: 9692: 9684: 9682:1-55558-033-5 9678: 9674: 9670: 9669: 9661: 9654: 9653: 9647: 9640: 9639: 9633: 9626: 9621: 9614: 9609: 9601: 9597: 9591: 9583: 9577: 9570: 9565: 9558: 9554: 9551: 9546: 9539: 9534: 9515: 9511: 9504: 9498: 9491: 9486: 9479: 9474: 9467: 9451: 9446: 9440: 9433: 9429: 9426: 9421: 9412: 9403: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9348: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9318: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9299: 9292: 9288: 9285: 9280: 9273: 9269: 9268: 9267:IEEE Computer 9262: 9258: 9254: 9253: 9245: 9236: 9229: 9224: 9208: 9204: 9197: 9189: 9188: 9181: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9151: 9143: 9137: 9133: 9126: 9118: 9112: 9108: 9101: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9076: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9058:Abbate, Janet 9053: 9051: 9042: 9038: 9031: 9024: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8958: 8952: 8948: 8947: 8939: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8904: 8897: 8893: 8888: 8881: 8877: 8874: 8869: 8861: 8855: 8851: 8850: 8842: 8834: 8828: 8824: 8817: 8802: 8798: 8791: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8766: 8762: 8760:9780471997504 8756: 8752: 8751: 8743: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8704: 8688: 8687: 8686:Business Wire 8682: 8676: 8658: 8657: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8565: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8538: 8523: 8522: 8517: 8510: 8494: 8490: 8486: 8485:"Yogen Dalal" 8479: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8437: 8435: 8419: 8418: 8413: 8412:"Yogen Dalal" 8407: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8361: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8307: 8306: 8299: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 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7274:UCLA Magazine 7271: 7264: 7256: 7255: 7248: 7246: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7216: 7215: 7208: 7200: 7199: 7192: 7184: 7183: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7122: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7081: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7056: 7048: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7031: 7030: 7023: 7008: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6924:Abbate, Janet 6919: 6904: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6889: 6881: 6872: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6841: 6825: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6799: 6793: 6784: 6777: 6772: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6753: 6746: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6686: 6680: 6664: 6658: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6625: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6571: 6567: 6562: 6555: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6499: 6493: 6489: 6488: 6480: 6469: 6462: 6455:. p. 81. 6451: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6323: 6308: 6301: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6255: 6250: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6231: 6219: 6218: 6210: 6199: 6198: 6190: 6182: 6180:9781476708690 6176: 6172: 6171: 6163: 6156: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6116:Business Week 6112: 6105: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6084: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6058: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5947: 5940: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5904: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5850: 5839: 5835: 5829: 5822: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5772: 5766: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5736: 5729: 5725: 5723:9781135455514 5719: 5715: 5714: 5706: 5698: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5679: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5647: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5622: 5614: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5548: 5536: 5535: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5421: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5388: 5383: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5361: 5359: 5351: 5339: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5292: 5283: 5276: 5270: 5263: 5248: 5241: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5200: 5193: 5180: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5144:Davies, D. W. 5139: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5055: 5051: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5032: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4971: 4966: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4924: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4891: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4818: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4753: 4746: 4744: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4643: 4627: 4620: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4510: 4496: 4492: 4491:Paal Spilling 4488: 4482: 4481: 4475: 4472:See also the 4469: 4467: 4462: 4452: 4451:Protocol Wars 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4413: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4375:Nicola Pellow 4371: 4370:Nicola Pellow 4364:Nicola Pellow 4361: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4253:Sylvia Wilbur 4247:Sylvia Wilbur 4244: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4162:Larry Roberts 4159: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4136: 4126: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4108:ROBERT BRADEN 4105: 4100: 4099:ADRIAN STOKES 4096: 4089: 4084: 4083:PAAL SPILLING 4080: 4076: 4071: 4070:DAVID P. REED 4067: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4053:RAY TOMLINSON 4049: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4022: 4019: 4018:JUDITH ESTRIN 4013: 4006: 4001: 3960: 3954: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3887: 3885: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3829: 3819: 3816: 3815:SIGCOMM Award 3812: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3726:Jon Crowcroft 3722: 3721:Jon Crowcroft 3715:Jon Crowcroft 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3580:Scott Shenker 3576: 3575:Scott Shenker 3569:Scott Shenker 3565: 3554: 3543: 3532: 3531:David P. Reed 3521: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3391:SIGCOMM Award 3388: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3343: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3316: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3284:Nicola Pellow 3281: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3257: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3050:SIGCOMM Award 3047: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2930:Stephen Wolff 2924:logo, c. 1987 2923: 2919: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2811:Radia Perlman 2805:Radia Perlman 2803: 2797:Radia Perlman 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658:Susan Estrada 2654: 2653:Susan Estrada 2647:Susan Estrada 2644: 2642: 2638: 2637:Ray Tomlinson 2634: 2628: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606:SIGCOMM Award 2602: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2568: 2567: 2558: 2557: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2463:SIGCOMM Award 2460: 2456: 2453:Farber is an 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2306:Judith Estrin 2300:Judith Estrin 2297: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2283:Adrian Stokes 2279: 2272:Adrian Stokes 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207:Carl Sunshine 2202:Carl Sunshine 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2136:Steve Crocker 2133: 2132:Ray Tomlinson 2129: 2125: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922:proposed the 1921: 1916: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871:SIGCOMM Award 1867: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1791: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1721:John Klensin' 1717: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1656: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1549: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1398: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:Steve Crocker 1299: 1298:Steve Crocker 1292:Steve Crocker 1290: 1284:Steve Crocker 1281: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1201:Ray Tomlinson 1197: 1196:Ray Tomlinson 1190:Ray Tomlinson 1187: 1186: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1172:(IMP) of the 1171: 1167: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1063: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1007:Farouk Kamoun 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 985: 981: 976: 966: 964: 960: 955: 953: 949: 945: 940: 937: 933: 929: 926: 921: 919: 915: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 879: 872:Larry Roberts 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 831: 821: 820: 816: 813: 809: 805: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 763: 761: 757: 753: 750: 745: 744: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 689:Donald Davies 685: 684:Donald Davies 678:Donald Davies 675: 673: 669: 665: 662: 658: 657:SIGCOMM Award 653: 650: 648: 644: 643:decentralized 640: 635: 631: 626: 616: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 561: 558: 556: 551: 549: 548: 543: 539: 538:Ray Tomlinson 535: 534:Steve Crocker 531: 527: 526:Donald Davies 523: 515: 512: 508: 505: 502:received the 501: 498: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 478: 477: 474: 471: 467: 455: 450: 448: 443: 441: 436: 435: 433: 432: 429: 424: 419: 418: 411: 410: 406: 404: 403: 394: 393: 387: 386: 379: 378:Protocol Wars 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 354: 353: 344: 341: 340: 339: 336: 334: 333:Voice over IP 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 303:File transfer 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 282: 281:Microblogging 279: 278: 277: 274: 273: 267: 266: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 205: 200: 199: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 160: 155: 154: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 71:Data activism 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 57: 54: 53: 47: 46: 41: 40:routing paths 37: 31: 27: 26: 23: 20: 19: 16: 11303:. 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Retrieved 5179:the original 5168: 5160: 5148: 5138: 5129: 5112:(5): 63–68. 5109: 5105: 5095: 5086: 5079:. Retrieved 5070: 5061: 5053: 5038: 5031: 4968: 4963: 4957: 4949: 4930: 4912: 4897: 4890: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4858: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4815: 4808:. Retrieved 4799: 4790: 4782: 4762: 4758: 4730:. Retrieved 4726: 4717: 4709: 4685:(7): 42–48. 4682: 4678: 4665: 4657: 4642: 4630:. Retrieved 4619: 4607:. Retrieved 4603: 4593: 4567: 4547: 4543: 4479: 4473: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4345: 4344: 4328: 4325:Postel Award 4318: 4307: 4282: 4281: 4257: 4256: 4236: 4235: 4219: 4218: 4186: 4185: 4150:Wesley Clark 4149: 4148: 4139:Wesley Clark 4134: 4103: 4087: 4079:YNGVAR LUNDH 4074: 4066:STEPHEN KENT 4062:NOEL CHIAPPA 4057: 4047: 4042: 4033: 4012:BOB METCALFE 3999: 3958: 3957: 3948: 3938: 3937: 3921: 3920: 3901:Eve Schooler 3900: 3899: 3896:Eve Schooler 3890:Eve Schooler 3883: 3882: 3866: 3865: 3849: 3848: 3832: 3831: 3809:(ACM). The 3804: 3779: 3778: 3750: 3749: 3725: 3724: 3700: 3699: 3680:Mark Handley 3679: 3678: 3669:Mark Handley 3659:WIDE Project 3646: 3645: 3621: 3620: 3600: 3599: 3579: 3578: 3553:Pål Spilling 3547:Pål Spilling 3536:Yngvar Lundh 3514:Stephen Kent 3509:Noel Chiappa 3503:Noel Chiappa 3469:Eric J. Bina 3468: 3467: 3428:entrepreneur 3419: 3418: 3384: 3365: 3344: 3337: 3329:Simon S. Lam 3328: 3327: 3324:Simon S. Lam 3310:Simon S. Lam 3255: 3254: 3219:Elizabeth II 3208: 3163: 3162: 3111: 3090: 3079:Van Jacobson 3078: 3077: 3074:Van Jacobson 3060:Van Jacobson 3043: 3024: 3011:delay jitter 2994: 2993: 2978:Postel Award 2972:In 2002 the 2971: 2934: 2933: 2888: 2856: 2855: 2815: 2814: 2772: 2758:(1985), the 2746:(1981), the 2737: 2705: 2704: 2673: 2657: 2656: 2630: 2621:Dave Crocker 2603: 2591: 2582: 2581: 2564: 2560: 2523: 2502: 2501: 2483: 2452: 2431: 2429: 2384: 2365: 2336: 2335: 2309: 2295: 2282: 2281: 2258:Central Asia 2235: 2234: 2206: 2205: 2170: 2121: 2077: 2047:, and later 2044: 2040: 2036: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2008: 1983:IP version 4 1977: 1976: 1960: 1945:Bob Metcalfe 1944: 1943: 1934:Bob Metcalfe 1929: 1919: 1918: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1868: 1864: 1849:Louis Pouzin 1848: 1847: 1844:Louis Pouzin 1838:Louis Pouzin 1803: 1802: 1793:Jake Feinler 1764: 1747: 1740:MCI WorldCom 1729: 1720: 1719: 1716:John Klensin 1710:John Klensin 1685: 1668: 1667: 1632:Turing Award 1625: 1600: 1574: 1561: 1560: 1525:Postel Award 1518: 1443: 1410: 1409: 1372: 1333: 1329: 1319: 1302: 1301: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1216: 1200: 1199: 1184: 1177: 1166:David Walden 1165: 1164: 1161:David Walden 1155:David Walden 1146: 1142: 1138: 1116: 1090:degree from 1075: 1074: 1045:(IMPs), the 1034: 1033: 1011: 992: 987: 979: 978: 956: 941: 922: 918:Santa Monica 916:computer in 882: 881: 868:until 1996. 847: 834: 833: 818: 815: 801: 788: 784: 776: 775: 746: 742: 732: 727: 709: 688: 687: 654: 651: 638: 629: 628: 606: 574: 573: 559: 552: 545: 530:Louis Pouzin 522:Bob Metcalfe 519: 497: 493: 475: 469: 463: 407: 395: 372: 298:File sharing 36:Opte Project 15: 11152:ibiblio.org 10784:19 February 10714:15 February 10684:24 February 10564:crd.lbl.gov 9357:sigcomm.org 9303:IEEE Fellow 9259:. IEN 137. 8587:Postel, Jon 8527:5 September 8499:5 September 8457:5 September 8124:4 September 7625:. Icann.org 6830:28 November 6669:25 February 6568:, pp. 6149:15 February 6049:. 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