850:
620:
the Mughal army would emerge to take on any enemy that challenged the empire. This system was not only expensive but also made the army somewhat inflexible as the assumption was always the enemy would retreat into a fortress to be besieged or would engage in a set-piece decisive battle of annihilation on open ground. The Hindu
Marathas were expert horsemen who refused to engage in set-piece battles, but rather engaged in campaigns of guerrilla warfare upon the Mughal supply lines. The Marathas were unable to take the Mughal fortresses via a storm or formal siege as they lacked the artillery, but by constantly intercepting supply columns, they were able to starve Mughal fortresses into submission.
340:
1589:
59:
604:
989:
315:
1410:
943:
539:
5122:
87:
1747:
1255:
1501:
1099:
1045:
1692:
1355:
1305:
1153:
1201:
1637:
1541:
1458:
1839:
800:
754:
897:
5045:
635:
and shattered the remnants of Mughal power and prestige, as well as capturing the imperial treasury, thus drastically accelerating its decline. Many of the empire's elites now sought to control their own affairs and broke away to form independent kingdoms. The Mughal emperor, however, continued to be
591:
corps of the
Ottoman Empire. The long and costly conquest of the Deccan had badly diminished the "aura of success" that surrounded Aurangzeb, and from the late 17th century onwards, the aristocracy became increasingly unwilling to provide forces for the empire's wars as the prospect of being rewarded
619:
hands. Mughal warfare had always been based upon heavy artillery for sieges, heavy cavalry for offensive operations and light cavalry for skirmishing and raids. To control a region, the
Mughals always sought to occupy a strategic fortress in some region, which would serve as a nodal point from which
577:
caused huge controversies. Aurangzeb expanded the empire to include a huge part of South Asia. At its peak, the kingdom stretched to 3.2 million square kilometres, including parts of what are now India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and
Bangladesh. After his death in 1707, "many parts of the empire were in
595:
Furthermore, at the conclusion of the conquest of the Deccan, Aurangzeb had very selectively rewarded some of the noble families with confiscated land in the Deccan, leaving aristocrats unrewarded with confiscated land feeling strongly disgruntled and unwilling to participate in further campaigns.
495:
wrote that foreigners were often impressed by the fabulous wealth of the Mughal court, but the glittering court hid darker realities, namely that about a quarter of the empire's gross national product was owned by 655 families while the bulk of India's 120 million people lived in appalling
322:
Its population at the time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million (a quarter of the world's population), over a territory of more than 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles). Mughal power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last emperor,
508:, with strong characteristics of a ruling cult. He left his son an internally stable state, which was in the midst of its golden age, but before long signs of political weakness would emerge. Akbar was also interested in elevating the way individuals view leaders with the stylings of his
570:, seized the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and had him executed. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, there was a succession war for the throne between Dara and Aurangzeb. Finally, Aurangzeb succeeded the throne and kept Shah Jahan under house arrest.
586:
that cost the empire heavily in both militarily and financially. A further problem for
Aurangzeb was the army had always been based upon the land-owning aristocracy of northern India who provided the cavalry for the campaigns, and the empire had nothing equivalent to the
504:, Akbar grew disenchanted with Islam, and came to embrace a syncretistic mixture of Hinduism and Islam. Akbar allowed freedom of religion at his court and attempted to resolve socio-political and cultural differences in his empire by establishing a new religion,
600:, repealed the religious policies of his father and attempted to reform the administration. "However, after his death in 1712, the Mughal dynasty sank into chaos and violent feuds. In the year 1719 alone, four emperors successively ascended the throne".
471:
and Mughal courts and led to increasing West Asian cultural influence in the Mughal court. The restoration of Mughal rule began after
Humayun's triumphant return from Persia in 1555, but he died from an accident shortly afterwards. Humayun's son,
566:, became regent in 1658, as a result of his father's illness. Dara championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim religion and culture. With the support of the Islamic orthodoxy, however, a younger son of Shah Jahan,
458:
in 1526. The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India. The instability of the empire became evident under his son,
636:
the highest manifestation of sovereignty. Not only the Muslim gentry, but the
Maratha, Hindu, and Sikh leaders took part in ceremonial acknowledgements of the emperor as the sovereign of India.
491:. He created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern administration, and encouraged cultural developments. He increased trade with European trading companies. The Indian historian
623:
Successive Mughal commanders refused to adjust their tactics and develop an appropriate counter-insurgency strategy, which led to the
Mughals losing more and more ground to the Marathas. The
675:. After 1835 the Company no longer recognised the authority of the emperor, accepting him only as 'King of Delhi' and removing all references to him from their coinage. After the
573:
During
Aurangzeb's reign, the empire gained political strength once more, and it became the world's largest economy, over a quarter of the world GDP, but his establishment of
295:, the empire, as the world's largest economy and manufacturing power, worth over 25% of global GDP, controlled nearly all of the Indian subcontinent, extending from
243:. They ruled parts of India from 1526, and by 1707, ruled most of the subcontinent. Afterwards, they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the
3861:
1856:
695:
Over the course of the empire, there were several claimants to the Mughal throne who ascended the throne or claimed to do so but were never recognized.
487:
Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the empire in all directions and controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the
578:
open revolt." Aurangzeb's attempts to reconquer his family's ancestral lands in
Central Asia were not successful while his successful conquest of the
655:
made futile attempts to reverse the empire's decline, but he ultimately had to seek the protection of outside powers. In 1784, the Marathas under
4669:
5471:
4588:
1817:
223:), ruled over the empire from its inception in 1526 to its dissolution in 1857. They were the supreme monarchs of the Mughal Empire in the
5456:
2224:
5111:
2217:
17:
6153:
6061:
5411:
5406:
5279:
4898:
D'souza, Rohan "Crisis before the Fall: Some Speculations on the Decline of the Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals" pp. 3–30 from
5034:
4976:
4940:
4786:
4619:
683:, was deposed by the British, who then assumed formal control of a large part of the former empire, marking the start of the
135:
6158:
5615:
4722:
5079:
4650:
3884:
1878:
714:
624:
849:
6107:
5788:
1810:
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5461:
5426:
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won acknowledgement as the protectors of the emperor in Delhi, a state of affairs that continued until after the
555:
5089:
6036:
5953:
5625:
5401:
5069:
5014:
3442:
1860:
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651:
battled against each other and the Mughals, revealing the fragmented state of the empire. The Mughal Emperor
203:
5990:
5269:
5763:
5660:
5104:
5054:
4713:. The New Cambridge history of India: 1.5. Vol. I. The Mughals and their Contemporaries. Cambridge:
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64:
4666:
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5579:
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318:
Genealogy of the Mughal dynasty. Only principal offspring of each emperor are provided in the chart.
5974:
5569:
5544:
5484:
5451:
5396:
2942:
676:
660:
244:
5908:
5852:
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5431:
4557:
1849:
455:
157:
5885:
5837:
5489:
5097:
4706:
497:
5024:
4609:
4582:
5984:
5938:
5900:
4636:
2930:
2884:
698:
Here are the claimants to the Mughal throne historians recognise as titular Mughal emperors.
392:
615:, the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughals to the
339:
288:
ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses.
6021:
5514:
4856:"The great Aurangzeb is everybody's least favourite Mughal – Audrey Truschke | Aeon Essays"
2690:
2432:
1012:
120:
8:
5802:
5701:
5559:
5534:
5262:
5231:
4552:
3451:
3143:
1661:
1603:
778:
547:
388:
224:
535:. The cost of maintaining the court, however, began to exceed the revenue being levied.
5865:
5655:
5594:
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5241:
5211:
5176:
4101:
3396:
1716:
1424:
824:
680:
664:
501:
368:
324:
6127:
5948:
5943:
5923:
5890:
5768:
5696:
5635:
5589:
5584:
5554:
5509:
5030:
5010:
4972:
4936:
4782:
4718:
4646:
4615:
1588:
1232:
5928:
5918:
5753:
5665:
5640:
5610:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5504:
5294:
4964:
2911:
1784:
1482:
1143:
1131:
58:
603:
523:, neglected the affairs of the state, and came under the influence of rival court
247:, where they gave their last stand against the invading British forces in India.
6117:
6041:
6026:
6016:
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5913:
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5133:
5119:
5083:
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4592:
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3154:
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2233:
1761:
1379:
1329:
1279:
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1225:
656:
583:
509:
468:
411:
216:
147:
97:
30:
5416:
988:
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423:
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4524:
Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore: Coins of the Mughal Emperors
4276:
3907:
3664:
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3628:
2891:
2681:
1369:
1319:
1167:
632:
612:
492:
481:
435:
212:
4522:
592:
with land as a result of a successful war was seen as less and less likely.
531:, the splendour of the Mughal court reached its peak, as exemplified by the
314:
6051:
5870:
5827:
5713:
5706:
5691:
5356:
5331:
5226:
5191:
4928:
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2902:
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2251:
1746:
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1555:
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1215:
708:
652:
538:
464:
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415:
308:
274:
86:
5076:
5066:
1500:
1098:
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4924:
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3134:
1691:
1354:
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1304:
1295:
1152:
979:
921:
887:
790:
684:
644:
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588:
563:
543:
505:
477:
451:
447:
328:
236:
1200:
6132:
6097:
6077:
5783:
5718:
5446:
5371:
5316:
5216:
5166:
4290:
3895:
3683:
2920:
1863: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1472:
1034:
957:
628:
528:
372:
360:
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240:
1636:
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1457:
1044:
454:. Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his victory at
6092:
5933:
5817:
5778:
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1723:
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1059:
567:
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439:
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376:
348:
292:
182:
1838:
834:
22 February 1555 – 27 January 1556 (11 months and 5 days)
463:, who was driven into exile in Persia by rebels. Humayun's exile in
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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which he nominally led from 1857–58, the last Mughal emperor,
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on his mother's side. Ousted from his ancestral domains in
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4902:, Volume 30, Issue # 9/10, September–October 2002 p. 21.
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Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy
4873:
496:
poverty. After suffering what appears to have been an
500:
in 1578 while hunting tigers, which he regarded as a
327:, was deposed in 1857, with the establishment of the
4843:
The Mughal Throne The Sage of India's Great Emperors
4830:
The Mughal Throne:The Saga of India's Great Emperors
442:
to satisfy his ambitions. He established himself in
1493:29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India
446:and then pushed steadily southward into India from
4667:Historical Statistics by Professor Angus Maddison"
227:, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of
4963:, Routledge, pp. 161–164, 18 November 2016,
4781:. National Geographic Society. pp. 318–320.
4611:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India
1792:
928:(21 years, 11 months and 25 days)
6145:
5029:, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298,
974:(30 years, 6 months and 12 days)
882:(49 years, 8 months and 16 days)
4779:National Geographic Visual History of the World
4584:Dynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300–1800
1029:(48 years, 7 months and 3 days)
831:(9 years, 4 months and 21 days)
1608: بیدار بخت محمود شاه بهادر جهان شاہ
785:(4 years, 8 months and 6 days)
5105:
4688:Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals
1811:
4634:
4694:
4520:
1777:28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857
542:Shah Jahan, accompanied by his three sons:
5112:
5098:
1818:
1804:
1729:19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837
1604:Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah
752:
721:
476:, succeeded to the throne under a regent,
4923:
4772:
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4768:
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4607:
1879:Learn how and when to remove this message
1183:27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713
438:, the 40-year-old prince Babur turned to
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1674:16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806
1527:10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760
1237:11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719
880:11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605
602:
537:
467:established diplomatic ties between the
343:Group portrait of Mughal emperors, from
338:
313:
4935:(2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 41.
4919:
4917:
4676:. World Economy. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
1392:27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748
926:3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627
14:
6146:
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783:20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530
527:. During the reign of Jahangir's son,
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1900:
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1896:
1894:
1338:6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719
829:26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
562:Shah Jahan's eldest son, the liberal
387:, and two of Timur's other offspring
102:28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857
4914:
4731:
4701:Richards, John F. (1 January 2016).
4608:Mohammada, Malika (1 January 2007).
1861:adding citations to reliable sources
1832:
1619:31 July 1788 – 11 October 1788
1571:10 October 1760 – 31 July 1788
1487:3 June 1754 – 29 November 1759
972:19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658
280:The Mughal emperors had significant
4685:
418:. Babur was a direct descendant of
359:seated in the middle. On the left:
269:), was a direct descendant of both
24:
422:, the 14th century founder of the
250:The Mughal dynasty was founded by
25:
6170:
4638:The Great Mughals and their India
1440:29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754
1027:31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707
554:, and their maternal grandfather
406:The Mughal empire was founded by
5120:
5043:
4845:, London: Phonenix, 2004 p. 191.
4832:, London: Phonenix, 2004 p. 520.
4665:"The World Economy (GDP) :
1837:
1745:
1690:
1652:Jalal al-Din Muhammad Ali Gauhar
1635:
1587:
1556:Jalal al-Din Muhammad Ali Gauhar
1539:
1499:
1456:
1408:
1353:
1303:
1253:
1199:
1151:
1136:19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712
1097:
1043:
987:
941:
895:
848:
798:
607:Akbar Shah II and his four sons.
334:
85:
57:
5417:Suppression of Tilpat rebellion
4949:
4905:
4848:
4835:
4822:
4813:
4804:
4514:
1848:needs additional citations for
1762:Abu Zafar Siraj al-Din Muhammad
1687:
1632:
1350:
1300:
1288:28 February 1719 – 6 June 1719
1250:
1196:
1148:
256:
5954:List of tombs of Mughal Empire
5412:Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)
5407:Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)
4957:"The Mughal emperors in India"
4795:
4679:
4659:
4628:
4601:
4575:
1793:Family tree of Mughal emperors
631:of Persia culminated with the
215:, who were all members of the
13:
1:
6154:Emperors of the Mughal Empire
4563:
1078:14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707
667:became the protectors of the
480:, who helped consolidate the
396:
261:), a Timurid prince from the
5026:A History of India, Volume 2
4614:. Akkar Books. p. 300.
4568:
1735:28 September 1837 (aged 77)
1344:18 September 1719 (aged 23)
7:
6159:India history-related lists
5462:Mughal–Portuguese conflicts
4546:
1680:19 November 1806 (aged 78)
1577:19 November 1806 (aged 78)
1189:12 February 1713 (aged 51)
1142:27 February 1712 (aged 68)
789:26 December 1530 (aged 47)
10:
6175:
5861:Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad
4995:
4715:Cambridge University Press
4597:Cambridge University Press
1783:7 November 1862 (aged 87)
978:22 January 1666 (aged 74)
932:28 October 1627 (aged 58)
886:27 October 1605 (aged 63)
838:27 January 1556 (aged 47)
426:on his father's side, and
28:
6070:
6004:
5962:
5899:
5881:Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
5851:
5810:
5801:
5674:
5603:
5470:
5384:
5250:
5132:
5061:Federal Research Division
4376:
4374:
4194:
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4182:
4006:
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3996:
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2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
1715:Puppet emperor under the
1660:Puppet emperor under the
1446:1 January 1775 (aged 49)
1378:Puppet emperor Under the
1328:Puppet emperor Under the
1278:Puppet emperor Under the
1224:Puppet emperor Under the
1180:9 May 1661 Deccan, India
639:In the next decades, the
199:
175:
164:
153:
143:
126:
116:
111:
107:
83:
79:
75:
55:
48:
40:
5452:Indian Rebellion of 1857
5397:Mughal conquest of Malwa
4969:10.4324/9781315443249-20
1766:ابو ظفر سراج اُلدین محمد
1398:26 April 1748 (aged 45)
1243:19 April 1719 (aged 33)
934:Jammu and Kashmir, India
661:Second Anglo-Maratha War
245:Indian Rebellion of 1857
29:Not to be confused with
5427:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
5009:, 2000, HarperCollins,
4591:6 December 2022 at the
4581:Jeroen Duindam (2015),
4558:Mughal-Mongol genealogy
1425:Mujahid al-Din Muhammad
1121:Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam
1084:20 June 1707 (aged 53)
722:List of Mughal Emperors
18:List of Mughal emperors
4911:Keay, 361–363, 385–386
4777:Berndl, Klaus (2005).
1294:6 June 1719 (aged 19)
1033:3 March 1707 (aged 88
958:Shihab ud-Din Muhammad
608:
559:
482:Mughal Empire in India
414:prince and ruler from
403:
369:Abu Sa'id of Samarkand
319:
5939:Tomb of Salim Chishti
5422:Ahom–Mughal conflicts
5172:Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)
4672:5 August 2019 at the
4635:Dirk Collier (2016).
4466:Bahadur Shah II Zafar
1779:(19 years, 360 days)
1753:Bahadur Shah II Zafar
1731:(30 years, 321 days)
1676:(18 years, 339 days)
1573:(27 years, 301 days)
1394:(28 years, 212 days)
1370:Nasir al-Din Muhammad
1270:Shams al-Din Muhammad
1176:First Puppet emperor
865:Jalal ud-Din Muhammad
815:Nasir ud-Din Muhammad
769:Zahir ud-Din Muhammad
606:
541:
342:
317:
303:in the west and from
134:(as the successor to
5901:Tombs and mausoleums
5082:29 June 2015 at the
3862:Shah Jahangirabad II
2931:Lizzat-un-nisa Begum
2433:Mirza Muhammad Hakim
1857:improve this article
1707:Muin al-Din Muhammad
1489:(5 years, 180 days)
1473:Aziz al-Din Muhammad
1340:(0 years, 105 days)
1320:Rafi al-Din Muhammad
1216:Muin al-Din Muhammad
1185:(0 years, 350 days)
1168:Muiz ud-Din Muhammad
1138:(4 years, 253 days)
1060:Qutb ud-Din Muhammad
1013:Muhi al-Din Muhammad
611:During the reign of
502:religious experience
307:in the north to the
291:During the reign of
211:The emperors of the
121:His Imperial Majesty
5866:Jama Masjid (Delhi)
5432:Mughal–Maratha wars
4717:. pp. 1, 190.
4553:Timurid family tree
3452:Muhammad Kam Bakhsh
2218:Masuma Sultan Begum
1662:Scindias of Gwalior
1656:جلال الدین علی گوهر
1560:جلال الدین علی گوهر
1442:(6 years, 37 days)
1290:(0 years, 98 days)
1239:(6 years, 48 days)
912:Nur ud-Din Muhammad
779:Andijan, Uzbekistan
225:Indian subcontinent
6118:Nizam of Hyderabad
5392:Mughal-Rajput wars
5212:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
5177:Muhammad Azam Shah
4740:, pp. 147–148
4102:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
3397:Muhammad Azam Shah
2885:Sultan Nisar Begum
2691:Shakarunnisa Begum
1826:Mughal family tree
1717:East India Company
1625:1790 (aged 40–41)
1533:1772 (aged 60–61)
1416:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
1080:(3 months 6 days)
825:Kabul, Afghanistan
681:Bahadur Shah Zafar
665:East India Company
663:. Thereafter, the
609:
560:
519:, was addicted to
404:
320:
127:First monarch
6141:
6140:
6128:Kingdom of Mysore
6062:Foreign relations
6000:
5999:
5949:Tomb of Nur Jahan
5944:Tomb of Aurangzeb
5891:Wazir Khan Mosque
5811:Forts and palaces
5797:
5796:
5769:Guru Gobind Singh
5697:Bayazid of Sylhet
5380:
5379:
5280:Foreign relations
5036:978-0-14-013836-8
4978:978-1-315-44324-9
4942:978-0-203-71253-5
4788:978-0-7922-3695-5
4711:The Mughal Empire
4686:Chandra, Satish.
4621:978-8-189-83318-3
4544:
4543:
4521:R. B. Whitehead,
4502:
4501:
2245:(1516 –1557/1558)
1889:
1888:
1881:
1790:
1789:
1719:
1664:
1433:23 December 1725
1382:
1332:
1282:
1233:Aurangabad, India
1228:
1177:
777:14 February 1483
596:Aurangzeb's son,
498:epileptic seizure
371:and Timur's son,
209:
208:
169:21 September 1857
144:Last monarch
16:(Redirected from
6166:
6108:Nawabs of Bengal
6071:Successor states
5975:Shalimar Gardens
5919:Gardens of Babur
5808:
5807:
5754:Lachit Borphukan
5468:
5467:
5457:Mughal–Sikh wars
5402:Gujarat conquest
5303:
5302:
5295:Mughal artillery
5124:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5072:14 July 2012 at
5064:
5047:
5046:
5039:
5007:India, a History
4989:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4921:
4912:
4909:
4903:
4900:Social Scientist
4896:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4852:
4846:
4839:
4833:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4774:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4677:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4605:
4599:
4579:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4518:
4293:
4279:
4091:
3931:
3149:
2912:Bahar Banu Begum
2897:
2246:
1938:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1841:
1833:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1785:Rangoon, Myanmar
1770:24 October 1775
1767:
1757:
1749:
1714:
1712:
1702:
1694:
1659:
1657:
1647:
1639:
1609:
1599:
1591:
1561:
1551:
1543:
1521:
1511:
1503:
1483:Burhanpur, India
1478:
1477:عزیز اُلدین محمد
1468:
1460:
1430:
1429:مجاهد الدین محمد
1420:
1412:
1380:Sayyids of Barha
1377:
1375:
1365:
1357:
1330:Sayyids of Barha
1327:
1325:
1315:
1307:
1285:1 December 1699
1280:Sayyids of Barha
1277:
1275:
1265:
1257:
1226:Sayyids of Barha
1223:
1221:
1211:
1203:
1175:
1173:
1163:
1155:
1144:Lahore, Pakistan
1132:Burhanpur, India
1130:14 October 1643
1127:
1109:
1101:
1065:
1055:
1047:
1021:3 November 1618
1018:
1007:
999:
991:
968:Lahore, Pakistan
963:
953:
945:
917:
907:
899:
873:15 October 1542
870:
860:
852:
820:
810:
802:
774:
764:
756:
726:
725:
691:Titular emperors
677:Indian rebellion
401:
398:
375:. On the right:
367:and Babur, with
260:
259: 1526–1530
258:
139:
89:
61:
44:
38:
37:
21:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6137:
6113:Nawabs of Awadh
6066:
6047:Persian Mughals
5996:
5980:Achabal Gardens
5958:
5929:Jahangir's Tomb
5914:Bibi Ka Maqbara
5895:
5876:Badshahi Mosque
5847:
5793:
5759:Khushal Khattak
5734:Maharana Pratap
5670:
5599:
5580:Thanesar (1710)
5575:Thanesar (1567)
5466:
5376:
5301:
5246:
5242:Bahadur Shah II
5197:Rafi ud-Darajat
5128:
5118:
5088:
5084:Wayback Machine
5056:Country Studies
5053:
5044:
5037:
5021:Spear, Percival
4998:
4993:
4992:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4943:
4922:
4915:
4910:
4906:
4897:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4841:Eraly, Abraham
4840:
4836:
4828:Eraly, Abraham
4827:
4823:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4775:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4725:
4703:Johnson, Gordon
4699:
4695:
4684:
4680:
4674:Wayback Machine
4664:
4660:
4653:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4606:
4602:
4593:Wayback Machine
4580:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4530:
4528:
4527:, Obscure Press
4519:
4515:
4503:
4469:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4281:
4275:
4105:
4093:
4087:
3933:
3927:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3878:
3875:Rafi'u-d-Darjat
3866:
3864:
3853:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3675:Khujista Akhtar
3668:
3648:
3631:
3454:
3445:
3412:
3400:
3176:
3167:
3155:Roshanara Begum
3147:
3146:
3137:
2945:
2924:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2698:Aram Banu Begum
2684:
2675:
2666:Shahzada Khanam
2659:
2435:
2426:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2234:Gulchehra Begum
2227:
2211:
1936:
1935:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1854:
1842:
1827:
1824:
1795:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1376:
1374:نصیر الدین محمد
1373:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1335:5 January 1696
1326:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1261:Rafi ud-Darajat
1231:20 August 1685
1222:
1220:معین الدین محمد
1219:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1174:
1172:معز الدین محمد
1171:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1125:
1124:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1004:
997:
996:
966:5 January 1592
962:شهاب الدین محمد
961:
960:
951:
950:
920:31 August 1569
915:
914:
905:
904:
869:جلال الدین محمد
868:
867:
858:
857:
819:نصیر الدین محمد
818:
817:
808:
807:
773:ظهیر الدین محمد
772:
771:
762:
761:
724:
657:Mahadaji Shinde
625:Indian campaign
584:pyrrhic victory
582:proved to be a
512:and ensemble.
399:
393:Muhammad Sultan
337:
325:Bahadur Shah II
311:in the south.
299:in the east to
255:
217:Timurid dynasty
195:
185:
171:; 167 years ago
160:; 498 years ago
148:Bahadur Shah II
136:Sultan of Delhi
133:
103:
101:
98:Bahadur Shah II
95:
90:
71:
68:
62:
51:
42:
34:
31:Mongol emperors
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6172:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6088:Maratha Empire
6085:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6008:
6006:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5970:Fatehpur Sikri
5966:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5924:Humayun's Tomb
5921:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5886:Sunehri Masjid
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5857:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5838:Jahangir Mahal
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5814:
5812:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:Sher Shah Suri
5721:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:Panipat (1761)
5547:
5545:Panipat (1556)
5542:
5540:Panipat (1526)
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5485:Badli-ki-Serai
5482:
5476:
5474:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5254:
5252:
5251:Administration
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5222:Shah Jahan III
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5182:Bahadur Shah I
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5117:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5087:
5086:
5041:
5035:
5017:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4977:
4948:
4941:
4913:
4904:
4872:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4794:
4787:
4742:
4730:
4724:978-0521251198
4723:
4693:
4690:. p. 202.
4678:
4658:
4651:
4645:. p. 15.
4627:
4620:
4600:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4512:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4285:
4283:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3929:Shah Jahan III
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3882:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3857:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:Muhi us-Sunnat
3690:
3688:
3681:
3679:
3672:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3449:
3447:
3443:Muhammad Akbar
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3409:Bahadur Shah I
3404:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3171:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3128:Jahanara Begum
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2900:
2898:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2430:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2261:Gulbadan Begum
2258:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1845:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1722:22 April 1760
1720:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1598:جهان شاه چهارم
1592:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:Muhi al-Millat
1513:
1507:Shah Jahan III
1504:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1422:
1419:احمد شاہ بهادر
1413:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1389:, Afghanistan
1385:7 August 1702
1383:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1324:رفع الدين محمد
1317:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1274:شمس الدین محمد
1267:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1126:مرزا محمد معظم
1117:
1105:Bahadur Shah I
1102:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1076:
1066:
1064:قطب الدين محمد
1057:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1025:
1023:Gujarat, India
1019:
1017:محی الدین محمد
1010:
992:
983:
982:
976:
970:
964:
955:
946:
937:
936:
930:
924:
918:
916:نور الدین محمد
909:
900:
891:
890:
884:
878:
871:
862:
853:
844:
843:
836:
827:
821:
812:
803:
794:
793:
787:
781:
775:
766:
757:
748:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
730:
723:
720:
719:
718:
712:
706:
703:Shahryar Mirza
669:Mughal dynasty
489:Godavari river
424:Timurid empire
400: 1707–12
336:
333:
263:Fergana Valley
221:House of Babur
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
187:
179:
177:
173:
172:
166:
162:
161:
155:
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150:
145:
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128:
124:
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118:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
91:
84:
81:
80:
77:
76:
73:
72:
63:
56:
53:
52:
49:
46:
45:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6171:
6160:
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6134:
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6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Rajput states
6091:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6063:
6060:
6058:
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5907:
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5475:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5442:Carnatic wars
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
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5335:
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5323:
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5309:
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5268:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:Shah Jahan IV
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:Muhammad Shah
5205:
5203:
5202:Shah Jahan II
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5187:Jahandar Shah
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5126:Mughal Empire
5123:
5115:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5074:archive.today
5071:
5068:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5051:
5050:public domain
5042:
5038:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4980:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4961:The Caliphate
4958:
4952:
4944:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4929:Jalal, Ayesha
4926:
4920:
4918:
4908:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4844:
4838:
4831:
4825:
4819:Keay, 311–319
4816:
4810:Keay, 309–311
4807:
4801:Keay, 293–296
4798:
4790:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4739:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4662:
4654:
4652:9789384544980
4648:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4604:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4578:
4574:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4526:
4525:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4499:
4468:
4467:
4411:
4409:
4321:
4319:
4294:
4292:
4280:
4278:
4277:Akbar Shah II
4221:
4219:
4129:
4127:
4104:
4103:
4092:
4090:
4033:
4031:
3941:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3910:
3909:
3908:Muhammad Shah
3898:
3897:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3865:
3863:
3852:
3851:
3827:
3824:
3816:
3814:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3754:
3746:
3744:
3736:
3734:
3703:
3701:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3665:Jahandar Shah
3647:
3646:Rafi-ush-Shan
3630:
3629:Azim-ush-Shan
3608:
3605:
3597:
3595:
3579:
3577:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3527:
3503:
3501:
3485:
3483:
3462:
3460:
3453:
3444:
3411:
3410:
3401:(1653 - 1707)
3399:
3398:
3366:
3363:
3355:
3353:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3245:
3216:
3214:
3177:(1624 - 1661)
3175:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3145:
3136:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3080:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3026:
3018:
3016:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2944:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2893:
2892:Khusrau Mirza
2886:
2880:
2877:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2819:
2817:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2771:
2747:
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2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
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2683:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2617:
2614:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2584:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2554:
2514:
2475:
2473:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2384:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2329:
2321:
2282:
2280:
2267:Gulrukh Begum
2262:
2253:
2242:
2235:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2171:
2168:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2148:
2140:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2080:
2024:
1985:
1983:
1934:
1933:
1893:
1883:
1880:
1872:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1846:This section
1844:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1756:بهادر شاه ظفر
1751:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1698:Akbar Shah II
1696:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1667:25 June 1728
1666:
1663:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1595:Shah Jahan IV
1593:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:25 June 1728
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1361:Muhammad Shah
1359:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1311:Shah Jahan II
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1207:Farrukh Siyar
1205:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1159:Jahandar Shah
1157:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1068:28 June 1653
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
984:
981:
977:
975:
971:
969:
965:
959:
956:
954:
947:
944:
939:
938:
935:
931:
929:
925:
923:
919:
913:
910:
908:
901:
898:
893:
892:
889:
885:
883:
879:
876:
872:
866:
863:
861:
854:
851:
846:
845:
841:
837:
835:
832:
828:
826:
823:6 March 1508
822:
816:
813:
811:
804:
801:
796:
795:
792:
788:
786:
782:
780:
776:
770:
767:
765:
758:
755:
750:
749:
745:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
728:
727:
717:(1719 - 1720)
716:
713:
711:(1627 - 1628)
710:
707:
705:(1627 - 1628)
704:
701:
700:
699:
696:
693:
692:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
634:
633:Sack of Delhi
630:
626:
621:
618:
614:
613:Muhammad Shah
605:
601:
599:
593:
590:
585:
581:
580:Deccan region
576:
571:
569:
565:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:Akbar's son,
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
493:Abraham Eraly
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
470:
466:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Shaybani Khan
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:, with their
350:
346:
341:
335:Mughal Empire
332:
330:
326:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
282:Indian Rajput
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:Mughal Empire
205:
202:
198:
191:
188:
184:
181:
180:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
158:21 April 1526
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
137:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
110:
106:
100:
99:
94:
93:Last to reign
88:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
66:Imperial seal
60:
54:
47:
39:
36:
32:
27:
19:
6081:
5989:
5985:Shahi Bridge
5909:Akbar's Tomb
5871:Chawk Mosque
5843:Sheesh Mahal
5828:Lalbagh Fort
5803:Architecture
5789:Hector Munro
5764:Josiah Child
5714:Ibrahim Lodi
5707:Pratapaditya
5692:Khwaja Usman
5490:Bhuchar Mori
5306:
5227:Shah Alam II
5192:Farrukhsiyar
5055:
5025:
5006:
4982:, retrieved
4960:
4951:
4932:
4925:Bose, Sugata
4907:
4899:
4863:. Retrieved
4859:
4850:
4842:
4837:
4829:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4797:
4778:
4733:
4710:
4707:Bayly, C. A.
4696:
4687:
4681:
4661:
4637:
4630:
4610:
4603:
4583:
4577:
4529:, retrieved
4523:
4516:
4508:
4470:(1775 –1862)
4463:
4298:(1749- 1790)
4287:
4282:(1760 –1837)
4273:
4106:(1725 –1775)
4099:
4094:(1728 –1806)
4089:Shah Alam II
4085:
3934:(1711- 1772)
3925:
3912:(1702 –1748)
3905:
3900:(1699 –1759)
3893:
3888:(1703 –1746)
3885:Ansh Ibrahim
3879:(1699 –1719)
3872:
3867:(1696 –1719)
3859:
3854:(1683 –1719)
3850:Farrukhsiyar
3847:
3696:(1690- 1747)
3687:(1679- 1723)
3678:(1673- 1712)
3669:(1661 –1713)
3662:
3649:(1671 –1712)
3632:(1664 –1712)
3455:(1667- 1709)
3446:(1657- 1706)
3413:(1643 –1712)
3406:
3394:
3168:(1618 –1707)
3161:
3138:(1615- 1659)
2946:(1605 –1628)
2925:(1592 –1666)
2918:
2906:(1590- 1626)
2896:(1587 –1622)
2685:(1572- 1604)
2676:(1570- 1599)
2660:(1569 –1627)
2656:Jahangirabad
2653:
2436:(1553 –1585)
2427:(1542 –1605)
2420:
2255:(1519 –1551)
2252:Hindal Mirza
2228:(1509 –1557)
2212:(1508 –1556)
2205:
1937:(1483 –1531)
1929:
1875:
1866:
1855:Please help
1850:verification
1847:
1778:
1752:
1730:
1701:اکبر شاه دوم
1697:
1675:
1646:شاه عالم دوم
1643:Shah Alam II
1642:
1620:
1594:
1572:
1550:شاه عالم دوم
1547:Shah Alam II
1546:
1528:
1510:شاه جهان سوم
1506:
1488:
1481:6 June 1699
1463:
1441:
1415:
1393:
1360:
1339:
1314:شاہ جهان دوم
1310:
1289:
1264:رفیع الدرجات
1260:
1238:
1206:
1184:
1158:
1137:
1119:
1113:Shah Alam I
1112:
1111:
1104:
1079:
1050:
1028:
1002:
1001:
994:
973:
948:
927:
902:
881:
855:
833:
830:
805:
784:
759:
733:Titular Name
732:
697:
694:
690:
689:
653:Shah Alam II
638:
622:
610:
594:
572:
561:
556:Asaf Khan IV
514:
486:
450:through the
428:Genghis Khan
416:Central Asia
405:
321:
309:Kaveri River
290:
279:
275:Genghis Khan
265:(modern-day
249:
210:
96:
92:
65:
35:
26:
6103:Sikh Empire
6082:interrupted
5823:Lahore Fort
5774:Henry Every
5739:Malik Ambar
5682:Baro-Bhuyan
5675:Adversaries
5661:Ranthambore
5616:Chittorgarh
5437:Child's war
5263:family tree
4296:Bedar Bakht
3174:Murad Baksh
3148:(1616-1661)
3135:Dara Shikoh
1869:April 2015
1529:(282 days)
1467:عالمگیر دوم
1346:Agra, India
1296:Agra, India
1162:جهاندار شاہ
980:Agra, India
922:Agra, India
888:Agra, India
877:, Pakistan
791:Agra, India
737:Birth Name
715:Jahangir II
709:Dawar Baksh
685:British Raj
564:Dara Shikoh
544:Dara Shikoh
506:Din-i-Ilahi
478:Bairam Khan
452:Khyber Pass
448:Afghanistan
389:Umar Shaykh
329:British Raj
237:Afghanistan
192:(1648–1857)
186:(1526–1648)
69:(1837–1857)
41:Emperor of
6148:Categories
6133:Rohilkhand
6078:Sur Empire
5784:Nader Shah
5719:Rana Sanga
5631:Daulatabad
5515:Haldighati
5447:Bengal war
5285:Government
5217:Alamgir II
5167:Shah Jahan
5015:0002557177
5003:Keay, John
4738:Spear 1990
4586:, page 105
4564:References
4291:Arun Kumar
3896:Alamgir II
3684:Neku Siyar
3144:Shah Shuja
2921:Shah Jahan
2673:Shah Murad
1711:میرزا اکبر
1621:(63 days)
1464:Alamgir II
1035:Ahmednagar
949:Shah Jahan
629:Nader Shah
548:Shah Shuja
529:Shah Jahan
395:. Created
373:Miran Shah
361:Shah Jahan
267:Uzbekistan
241:Bangladesh
204:Hereditary
5934:Taj Mahal
5818:Agra Fort
5779:Bajirao I
5702:Musa Khan
5656:Purandhar
5560:Raj Mahal
5535:Najafgarh
5385:Conflicts
5352:Hyderabad
5308:Provinces
5023:(1990) ,
4984:7 January
4643:Hay House
4569:Citations
3164:Aurangzeb
2943:Shahrayar
1724:Mukundpur
1520:محی الملت
1108:بهادر شاہ
1070:Burhanpur
1051:Azam Shah
998:اورنگزیب
995:Aurangzeb
729:Portrait
598:Shah Alam
589:janissary
568:Aurangzeb
552:Aurangzeb
533:Taj Mahal
432:Turkestan
377:Aurangzeb
355:ancestor
349:Aurangzeb
293:Aurangzeb
200:Appointer
183:Agra Fort
176:Residence
165:Abolition
154:Formation
43:Hindustan
6123:Carnatic
6042:Painting
6037:Language
6005:See also
5833:Red Fort
5687:Isa Khan
5651:Kandahar
5636:Golconda
5565:Samugarh
5500:Chanderi
5290:Military
5237:Akbar II
5162:Shahryar
5157:Jahangir
5134:Emperors
5080:Archived
5077:Pakistan
5070:Archived
4931:(2004).
4865:2 August
4709:(eds.).
4670:Archived
4589:Archived
4547:See also
4531:29 April
2937:Jahandar
1774:, India
1739:, India
1726:, India
1684:, India
1671:, India
1629:, India
1616:, India
1581:, India
1568:, India
1450:, India
1437:, India
1402:, India
1364:محمد شاه
1247:, India
1193:, India
1054:اعظم شاه
1037:, India
952:شاه جهان
903:Jahangir
842:, India
649:Marathas
617:Marathas
517:Jahangir
381:Jahangir
233:Pakistan
190:Red Fort
50:Imperial
6057:Weapons
6032:Gardens
6027:Fashion
6022:Culture
6017:Cuisine
5853:Mosques
5749:Shivaji
5666:Sambhal
5641:Hooghly
5611:Bijapur
5585:Tukaroi
5570:Sirhind
5555:Plassey
5472:Battles
5342:Gujarat
5270:Economy
5258:Dynasty
5147:Humayun
4996:Sources
2682:Daniyal
2225:Kamrrza
2208:Humayun
1210:فرخ سیر
1006:عالمگیر
1003:Alamgir
906:جهانگیر
875:Umerkot
806:Humayun
641:Afghans
525:cliques
510:clothes
469:Safavid
461:Humayun
456:Panipat
412:Timurid
385:Humayun
305:Kashmir
286:Persian
112:Details
5963:Others
5744:Gokula
5604:Sieges
5595:Bhulua
5530:Khanwa
5525:Khajwa
5520:Karnal
5510:Ghagra
5505:Chausa
5367:Multan
5357:Lahore
5332:Bengal
5052:.
5033:
5013:
4975:
4939:
4785:
4721:
4649:
4618:
4509:Notes:
2903:Parvez
1387:Ghazni
856:Akbar
809:همایوں
746:Death
743:Reign
740:Birth
647:, and
575:Sharia
465:Persia
353:Turkic
6052:Tribe
5646:Jinji
5626:Daman
5621:Delhi
5590:Bakla
5495:Buxar
5362:Malwa
5347:Delhi
5337:Berar
5327:Awadh
5322:Ajmer
5152:Akbar
5142:Babur
5067:India
2423:Akbar
2241:Binod
1932:Babur
1772:Delhi
1737:Delhi
1682:Delhi
1669:Delhi
1627:Delhi
1614:Delhi
1612:1749
1579:Delhi
1566:Delhi
1524:1711
1448:Delhi
1435:Delhi
1400:Delhi
1245:Delhi
1191:Delhi
1090:India
1074:India
840:Delhi
760:Babur
673:Delhi
645:Sikhs
521:opium
474:Akbar
444:Kabul
440:India
420:Timur
408:Babur
365:Akbar
357:Timur
345:Babur
301:Kabul
297:Dhaka
271:Timur
252:Babur
229:India
131:Babur
117:Style
6098:Jats
5991:more
5729:Hemu
5480:Agra
5372:Sira
5317:Agra
5275:Flag
5031:ISBN
5011:ISBN
4986:2023
4973:ISBN
4937:ISBN
4867:2020
4860:Aeon
4783:ISBN
4719:ISBN
4647:ISBN
4616:ISBN
4533:2010
4464:20.
4288:18.
4274:19.
4100:14.
4086:17.
3926:16.
3906:13.
3894:15.
3873:11.
3860:12.
3848:10.
1086:Agra
859:اکبر
763:بابر
550:and
410:, a
391:and
383:and
284:and
273:and
239:and
6012:Art
4965:doi
3663:9.
3407:8.
3395:7.
3162:6.
2919:5.
2654:4.
2421:3.
2206:2.
1930:1.
1859:by
671:in
627:of
434:by
347:to
6150::
5065:–
5059:.
5005:,
4971:,
4959:,
4927:;
4916:^
4875:^
4858:.
4745:^
4705:;
4641:.
4595:,
1744:20
1689:19
1634:17
1586:18
1538:17
1498:16
1455:15
1407:14
1352:13
1302:12
1252:11
1198:10
1150:9
1096:8
1088:,
1072:,
1042:7
986:6
940:5
894:4
847:3
797:2
751:1
687:.
643:,
546:,
484:.
397:c.
379:,
363:,
331:.
277:.
257:r.
235:,
231:,
6084:)
6080:(
5113:e
5106:t
5099:v
5063:.
5040:.
4967::
4945:.
4869:.
4791:.
4727:.
4655:.
4624:.
1882:)
1876:(
1871:)
1867:(
1853:.
1819:e
1812:t
1805:v
558:.
402:.
254:(
219:(
138:)
33:.
20:)
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