Maratha Confederacy

1170: 2182: 2232: 3333:

formidable artillery to relentlessly pursue the enemy. By depriving the opponent of provisions, they compel them to hasten their march, while remaining confident in their own safety from counterattacks. They trail the enemy with their cavalry during marches, and when the enemy halts, they encircle and assault them using their infantry and cannons, making escape nearly impossible. Under no circumstances should you allow the enemy to engage you with their infantry. The Mahrattas possess such powerful artillery that it would be impossible to maintain your camp against it. If you receive word of their approach when they are close and ready to attack, it would be advisable to secure your baggage in any way possible and initiate an attack against them. It is crucial to prevent them from launching an attack on your camp at all costs.

4261:: "Vishwanath consolidated the Maratha power in the Deccan and led an expeditionary force to Delhi (1718–19) as an ally of the Sayyad brothers. He made the Maratha presence felt at the metropolis for the first time, secured the release of Shahu's family members from Mughal captivity, and obtained the confirmation of the Mughal-Maratha Treaty of 1718 from the emperor. This treaty, by which Shahu accepted the nominal suzerainty of the Mughal Crown in return for his right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi from all the six provinces of 'the Mughal Deccan'...Delhi became the hub of Maratha political and military activities with effect from 1752, and they used the Mughal emperor as a mere tool in their hands to wield the imperial powers in his name and under his nominal suzerainty." 1448: 3303:

armies started to flee and the wazir in desperation and rage shouted, "Comrades whither do you fly, our country is far off". Post battle, Ahmad Shah Abdali, in a letter to one Indian ruler claimed that Afghans were able to defeat the Marathas only because of the blessings of the almighty and that any other army would have been destroyed by the Maratha army on that particular day even though the Maratha Army was numerically inferior to the Durrani Army and its Indian allies. Though Abdali won the battle, he also had heavy casualties on his side. Hence, he sought immediate peace with the Marathas. Abdali wrote in his letter to Peshwa on 10 February 1761:

3267: 4247:

of the Emperor, both the English and Scindia treating their suzerain lord with scant respect..The paramount position of the Mughal within the rituals of supreme and sovereign authority may be amply demonstrated by reference to the coins of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Following the doctrine of khutba and sikka, new claimants to hegemony could be expected to be revealed on the coins of different jurisdictions. Yet for much of India they are not to be found. Reference to the graph at the end of this paper will confirm that both the Marathas and the British coined in the name of the Mughal.

1793: 2374:

later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released him after some time. After this, the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. Then, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written, "What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, have fun". After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the

3318: 2213:, who had already accepted British protection by a separate treaty on 26 July 1802, supported the new regime. He made a treaty with the British. Also, Yashwant Rao successfully resolved the disputes with Scindia and the Peshwa. He tried to unite the Maratha Confederacy but to no avail. In 1802, the British intervened in Baroda to support the heir to the throne against rival claimants and they signed a treaty with the new Maharaja recognising his independence from the Maratha Confederacy in return for his acknowledgement of British paramountcy. Before the 1051: 106: 2913: 149: 1148: 6273: 94: 36: 2890: 2575: 3368:

result is what we now behold. The French carried to Persia the same military and administrative faculties, and established the origin of the present Persian regular army, as it is styled. When Napoleon the Great resolved to take Iran under his auspices, he dispatched several officers of superior intelligence to that country with the mission of General Gardanne in 1808. Those gentlemen commenced their operations in the provinces of Azerbaijan and Kermanshah, and it is said with considerable success.

8314: 1229: 2681: 2139: 927: 3111:

he lived he made no exception for any person; no merit was left unrewarded, no offence went unpunished; and this he did with so much care and attention that he specially charged his governors to inform him in writing of the conduct of his soldiers, mentioning in particular those who had distinguished themselves, and he would at once order their promotion, either in rank or in pay, according to their merit. He was naturally loved by all men of valor and good conduct.

1696:, Shuja-ud-Daula, by which the Rohillas agreed to pay four million rupees in return for military help against the Marathas. Hafiz Rehmat, abhorring unnecessary violence, unlike the outlook of his fellow Rohillas such as Ali Muhammad and Najib Khan, prided himself on his role as a political mediator and sought an alliance with Awadh to keep the Marathas out of Rohilkhand. He bound himself to pay on behalf of the Rohillas. However, after he refused to pay, 2846:

to relinquish Ajmer, which held strategic importance in Rajputana. The pirate leaders of the Konkan were coerced into surrendering their coastal holdings. Treaties were established with significant Rajput States such as Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Mewar, as well as with smaller Rajput States like Banswara, Dungarpur, Partabgarh, Jaisalmer, and Kotah. Additionally, British protection was extended to Bhopal, the States of Bundelkhand, Malwa, and Kathiawar.

3329:, after defeating the Marathas, noted that the Marathas, though poorly led by their generals, had regular infantry and artillery that matched the level of that of the Europeans and warned other British officers from underestimating the Marathas on the battlefield. He cautioned one British general: "You must never allow Maratha infantry to attack head on or in close hand-to-hand combat as in that your army will cover itself with utter disgrace". 1139: 2277: 1529: 1517: 1808: 2901: 10634: 2856: 2832: 2800: 2773: 2735: 2713: 919: 10622: 1838:. Under the leadership of Mahadaji Shinde, the ruler of the state of Gwalior in central India, the Marathas defeated the Jats, the Rohilla Afghans and took Delhi which remained under Maratha control for the next three decades. His forces conquered modern day Haryana. Shinde was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power after the débâcle of the Third Battle of Panipat, and in this, he was assisted by 1074:, the new Mughal emperor. However, his mother was kept a hostage of the Mughals to ensure that Shahu adhered to the release conditions. Upon release, Shahu immediately claimed the Maratha throne and challenged his aunt Tarabai and her son. The spluttering Mughal-Maratha war became a three-cornered affair. This resulted in two rival seats of government being set up in 1707 at Satara and 1331:, Dost Ali, in the pass of Damalcherry. In the war that followed, Dost Ali, one of his sons Hasan Ali, and several other prominent people died. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in the south. From Damalcherry, the Marathas proceeded to Arcot, which surrendered to them without much resistance. Then, Raghuji invaded Trichinopoly in December 1740. Unable to resist, 2813:, was reinstated in Poona as a mere figurehead under the control of the British East India Company. In exchange, he agreed to allow the British to station a subsidiary force in his territory and accepted British arbitration in any disputes with other regional powers. This agreement made a war with the Marathas unavoidable. In the ensuing 2228:. The real contest for India was never a single decisive battle for the subcontinent, rather, it turned on a complex social and political struggle for the control of the South Asian military economy. The victory in 1803 hinged as much on finance, diplomacy, politics and intelligence as it did on battlefield manoeuvring and war itself. 3123:, but the Marathas viewed them as legitimate targets because they were trading with, and thus financially supporting, their Mughal and Bijapur enemies. After the representatives of various European powers signed agreements with Shivaji or his successors, the threat of plundering or raids against Europeans began to reduce. 3213: 4179:

Prominent among these chiefs were the Bhonsles who established themselves in Nagpur; the Scindhias who gained control of Gwalior; the Gaekwads who set themselves up in Baroda; and the Holkars who seized hold of Indore. Between the Peshwas and the Maratha chiefs there subsisted a relationship which it

2373:

forts. Because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, he removed them from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal Fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the Peshwa Raghunathrao. A few days

2329:

who withdrew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals of the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of

1608:

was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. He worked as a unifying force in the Confederacy and moved to the south to subdue Mysore and the Nizam of Hyderabad to assert Maratha power. He sent generals such as Bhonsle, Scindia and Holkar to the north, where they re-established Maratha authority

963:

The Maratha dominion under him comprised about 4.1% of the subcontinent, but it was spread over large tracts. At the time of his death, it was reinforced with about 300 forts, and defended by about 40,000 cavalries, and 50,000 soldiers, as well as naval establishments along the west coast. Over time,

4246:

From the Mughal point of view, the hostilities between the Company Bahadur and the Marathas could appear as a troublesome contest for power between the Imperial Diwan of Bengal and the Vakil-i Mutlaq or Imperial Regent. The actual participants of course were considerably more cynical of the position

4148:

The secretaries Sridhar Lakshman and Krishnarao Madhav managed the communications of the Maratha ruler at Nagpur, while their partner, the merchant-moneylender Baburao Viswanath Vaidya, was the envoy of the Pune-based Peshwa, a powerful Brahmin minister and leader of the allied states comprising the

3110:

Such was the good treatment Shivaji accorded to people and such was the honesty with which he observed the capitulations that none looked upon him without a feeling of love and confidence. By his people he was exceedingly loved. Both in matters of reward and punishment he was so impartial that while

2845:

was permitted to retain a small portion of his ancestral domains until it eventually came under British control during the time of Dalhousie. The independence of Scindia, Holkar, and Berar was completely dismantled, leading to significant territorial reductions for these states. Holkar was compelled

3307:

There is no reason to have animosity amongst us. Your son Vishwasrao and your brother Sadashivrao died in battle – it was unfortunate. Bhau started the battle, so I had to fight back unwillingly. Yet I feel sorry for his death. Please continue your guardianship of Delhi as before, to that I have no

2821:

relinquishing the Upper Doab, his forts and territories northeast of the Rajput States, the districts of Broach and Ahmadnagar, as well as his possessions south of the Ajanta hills. Asirgarh, Burhanpur, and certain districts in the Tapti Valley were returned to Scindia. The Peshwa received the fort

2466:

of the district at the time and it is claimed that Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near the river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Ling,

2382:

and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. The humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captives. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of the Peshwa were declared rebels and started being captured. After this, the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter

1003:

to consider an onslaught on the Mughal forces. In a meticulously planned operation, Ganoji and Aurangzeb's commander, Mukarrab Khan, attacked Sangameshwar when Sambhaji was accompanied by just a few men. Sambhaji was ambushed and captured by the Mughal troops on 1 February 1689. He and his advisor,

3079:

Under the administration of the Peshwas and with the support of several key generals and diplomats (listed below), the Maratha Empire reached its zenith, ruling most of the Indian subcontinent. It was also under the Peshwas that the Maratha Empire came to its end through its formal annexation into

2698:

from Daman in the north to Karwar in the south at the time of his death in 1680. His eastern boundary extended through the districts of Nasik and Poona, encompassing the entire Satara region and most of Kolhapur. Additionally, he held territories in Bellary, Kopal, Sira, Bangalore, Kolar, Vellore,

2440:

he was ordered by the Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bamble because he was also a Koli by caste. The Kolis remained quiet for four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because their hereditary rights were cancelled. The troops employed

2288:

The Third Anglo-Maratha War was fought by Maratha warlords separately instead of forming a common front and they surrendered one by one. Shinde and the Pashtun Amir Khan were subdued by the use of diplomacy and pressure, which resulted in the Treaty of Gwalior on 5 November 1817. All other Maratha

3302:

launched a fierce assault on the centre of the Durrani Army, over 10,000 Durrani soldiers were killed alongside Haji Atai Khan, one of the chief commander of the Durrani Army and nephew of wazir Shah Wali Khan. Such was the fierce assault of the Maratha infantry in hand-to-hand combat that Afghan

3257:

The Marathas prioritized technical advancement over establishing a modern command structure, resulting in a trade-off. While they excelled as craftsmen and technicians, successfully replicating the latest foreign military technology, their ability to govern as nation-builders was hindered because

3367:

It is to the military genius of the French that we are indebted for the formation of the Indian army. Our warlike neighbours were the first to introduce into India the system of drilling native troops and converting them into a regularly disciplined force. Their example was copied by us, and the

2427:

for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, they moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the

1733:

for Kora and Allahabad. They turned their attention to Oudh to gain these two territories. Shuja was, however, unwilling to give them up and made appeals to the English and the Marathas did not fare well at the Battle of Ramghat..The Maratha and British armies fought in Ram Ghat, but the sudden

1573:

did not support the Marathas. Historians have criticised the Maratha treatment of fellow Hindu groups. Kaushik Roy says, "The treatment by the Marathas of their co-religionist fellows – Jats and Rajputs was definitely unfair and ultimately had to pay its price in Panipat where Muslim forces had

2342:

influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death to outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his

1957:, Ismail Beg's ally, took over Delhi, capital of the Mughal dynasty and deposed and blinded the king Shah Alam II, placing a puppet on the Delhi throne. Mahadaji intervened and killed him, taking possession of Delhi on 2 October restoring Shah Alam II to the throne and acting as his protector. 3332:

He summarised Maratha tactics as follows: the Mahrattas employ two methods in their operations. They primarily rely on their cavalry to disrupt the enemy's supplies, causing distress in their camp and forcing them to retreat. Once the retreat begins, the Mahrattas unleash their infantry and

787:). After he died in 1749, they became the effective rulers. The leading Maratha families—Scindia, Holkar, Bhonsle, and Gaekwad—extended their conquests in northern and central India and became more independent and difficult to control. The Marathas' rapid expansion was halted with the great 2402:

because of their hereditary land rights were refused by the Peshwa. The Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress. In response, The Peshwa sent

3067:

The Peshwa was the titular equivalent of a modern Prime Minister. Shivaji created the Peshwa designation in order to more effectively delegate administrative duties during the growth of the Maratha Kingdom. Prior to 1749, the Peshwas held office for 8–9 years and controlled the

3336:

Even when Wellesley became the Prime Minister of Britain, he held the Maratha infantry in utmost respect, claiming it to be one of the best in the world. However, at the same time, he noted the poor leadership of Maratha Generals, who were often responsible for their defeats.

2166:(also called Raghobadada), who wanted to become Peshwa of the confederacy. The British also wanted to end any potential anti-British, French-Maratha alliance at its crib. Maratha forces under Tukojirao Holkar and Mahadaji Shinde defeated a British expeditionary force at the 2082:

People who have sinned against such a holy place are sure to suffer the consequences of their misdeeds at no distant date in this Kali age in accordance with the verse: "Hasadbhih kriyate karma rudadbhir-anubhuyate" (People do deeds smilingly but suffer the consequences

3258:

they struggled to effectively manage the intricate workings of command and failed to address the shortcomings in their general staff system. The fragmented Maratha state was unable to unite due to political divisions, undoing the progress made through technology.

1499:

Delhi had been reduced to ashes many times due to previous invasions, and there was an acute shortage of supplies in the Maratha camp. Bhau ordered the sacking of the already depopulated city. He is said to have planned to place his nephew and the Peshwa's son,

3157:, however, this national army had to make room for a feudal force provided by different Maratha sardars. This new Maratha Army was not homogeneous, but employed soldiers of different backgrounds, both locals and foreign mercenaries, including large numbers of 1710:

in 1771 by the Marathas, left for his capital under their protection. He was escorted to Delhi by Mahadaji Shinde and left Allahabad in May 1771. During their short stay, Marathas constructed two temples in Allahabad city, one of them being the famous

4316:

While the distracted Maratha kingdom of Aurangzeb's later ycars was fighting for survival, none could foresee that the insignificant British settlements of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta would one day become the political and economic bases of a vast

1370:, the Marathas perpetrated atrocities against the local population. The Maratha atrocities were recorded by both Bengali and European sources, which reported that the Marathas demanded payments, and tortured or killed anyone who couldn't pay. 5345:, p. 83: "By Mahadji Shinde's treaty of 1785 with the Sikhs, Maratha influence had been established over the divided Cis-Sutlej states. But at the end of the second Maratha war in 1806 that influence had been pass over to the British." 2116:. After the British had suffered a defeat against Mysore in the first two Anglo-Mysore Wars, the Maratha cavalry assisted the British in the last two Anglo-Mysore Wars from 1790 onwards, eventually helping the British conquer Mysore in the 2822:

and district of Ahmadnagar, while the Nizam acquired the district south of the Ajanta hills. Furthermore, the western part of Berar, lying west of the Wardha River and south of the fortress of Gawilgarh, was also granted to the Nizam.

1874:. In 1783, Mahadaji besieged the fort of Gwalior and conquered it. He delegated the administration of Gwalior to Khanderao Hari Bhalerao. After celebrating the conquest of Gwalior, Mahadaji Shinde turned his attention to Delhi again. 4691:, p. 707: quote: It explains the rise to power of his Peshwa (prime minister) Balaji Vishwanath (1713–20) and the transformation of the Maratha Kingdom into a vast realm, by the collective action of all the Maratha stalwarts. 1675:

after his death. Zabita Khan initially resisted the attack with Sayyid Khan and Saadat Khan behaving with gallantry, but was eventually defeated with the death of Saadat Khan by the Marathas and was forced to flee to the camp of

3246:. The Marathas fortified the entire coastline with sea fortresses with navigational facilities. Nearly all the hill forts, which dot the landscape of present-day western Maharashtra were built by the Marathas. The renovation of 3106:. He established an effective civil and military administration. He believed that there was a close bond between the state and the citizens. He is remembered as a just and welfare-minded king. Cosme da Guarda says of him that: 2308:

was looted by the company as part of the spoils of the war. The British acquired large chunks of territory from the Maratha Empire and in effect put an end to their most dynamic opposition. The terms of surrender Major-general

6478::The reference for this letter – Peshwe Daftar letters 2.103, 146; 21.206; 1.202, 207, 210, 213; 29, 42, 54, and 39.161. Satara Daftar – document number 2.301, Shejwalkar's Panipat, page no. 99. Moropanta's account – 1.1, 6, 7 3286:. After the Third Battle of Panipat, Abdali was relieved as the Maratha Army in the initial stages were almost in the position of destroying the Afghan armies and their Indian Allies, the Nawab of Oudh and Rohillas. The grand 5654: 4078: 3063:

held full-time military commands and their deputies performed their civil duties in their stead. In the later era of the Maratha Confederacy, these deputies and their staff constituted the core of the Peshwa's bureaucracy.

1783:

Madhav Rao died in 1772, at the age of 27. His death is considered to be a fatal blow to the Maratha Confederacy and from that time Maratha power started to move on a downward trajectory, less an empire than a confederacy.

893:

notes, "neither term is fully accurate since one implies a substantial degree of centralisation and the other signifies some surrender of power to a central government and a longstanding core of political administrators".

2265:, which retained local Maratha rulers (descendants of Shivaji and Sambhaji II ruled over Kolhapur). The Maratha-ruled states of Gwalior, Indore, and Nagpur all lost territory and came under subordinate alliances with the 2019:, as per which the Tipu Sultan of Mysore was obligated to pay 4.8 million rupees as a war cost to the Marathas and an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees, in addition to returning all the territory captured by 1593:

did not heed the advice to leave soldiers' families (women and children) and pilgrims at Agra and not take them to the battlefield with the soldiers, rejected their co-operation. Their supply chains (earlier assured by

3308:

opposition. Only let Punjab until Sutlaj remain with us. Reinstate Shah Alam on Delhi's throne as you did before and let there be peace and friendship between us, this is my ardent desire. Please grant me that desire.

2841:(1817–19), the British achieved widespread success in their military endeavours. They successfully removed the Peshwa from power, confiscated his territories, and compelled him to reside in Bithur near Cawnpore. The 8239:. Vol. I: Jemima Kindersley, Letters from the Island of Teneriffe, Brazil, the Cape of Good Hope and the East Indies (1777), and Maria Graham, Journal of a Residence in India (1812). Taylor & Francis. 1845:

After the growth in power of feudal lords like the Malwa sardars, the landlords of Bundelkhand and the Rajput kingdoms of Rajasthan who refused to pay tribute to him, he sent his army to conquer states such as

7517: 2170:, but the heavy surrender terms, which included the return of annexed territory and a share of revenues, were disavowed by the British authorities at Bengal and fighting continued. What became known as the 991:

headed south in 1681. With his entire imperial court, administration and an army of about 500,000 troops, he proceeded to expand the Mughal empire, gaining territories such as the sultanates of Bijapur and

1930:, his family and areas surrounding Delhi), Panipat (Karnal, Sonepat, Kurukshetra and Ambala), Hisar (Hisar, Sirsa, Fatehabad, parts of Rohtak), Ahirwal (Gurugram, Rewari, Narnaul, Mahendragarh) and Mewat. 2449:

who was a minister in the Maratha Confederacy declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached a few

1288:

raided the suburbs of Delhi in a blitzkrieg in the Battle of Delhi (1737). The Nizam set out from the Deccan to rescue the Mughals from the invasion of the Marathas, but was defeated decisively in the

2343:

predecessors and succeeded in avoiding all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.

772:

came at a great cost for his men and treasury and eventually ensured Maratha ascendency and their control over sizeable portions of former Mughal dominions in the north of the Indian subcontinent.

1476:(referred to as the Bhau or Bhao in sources) responded to the news of the Afghans' return to North India by sending a large army north. Bhau's force was bolstered by some Maratha forces under 1577:

The Marathas had antagonised the Jats and Rajputs by taxing them heavily, punishing them after defeating the Mughals and interfering in their internal affairs. The Marathas were abandoned by

975:, who had different mothers and were half-brothers. In 1681, Sambhaji succeeded to the crown after his father's death and resumed his expansionist policies. Sambhaji had earlier defeated the 3344:

India contains no more than two great powers, British and Mahratta, and every other state acknowledges the influence of one or the other. Every inch that we recede will be occupied by them.

2197:

was crowned King of the Holkars and he captured Ujjain. He started campaigning towards the north to expand his dominion in that region. Yashwant Rao rebelled against the policies of Peshwa

1443:

The Marathas defeated the Rohillas, forced them to seek shelter in hills and ransacked their country in such a manner that the Rohillas dreaded the Marathas and hated them ever afterwards.

1850:, Datiya, Chanderi, Narwar, Salbai and Gohad. However, he launched an unsuccessful expedition against the Raja of Jaipur but withdrew after the inconclusive Battle of Lalsot in 1787. The 2120:

in 1799. After the British conquest, however, the Marathas launched frequent raids in Mysore to plunder the region, which they justified as compensation for past losses to Tipu Sultan.

2503:

in the north. Apart from capturing various regions, the Marathas maintained a large number of tributaries who were bound by agreements to pay a certain amount of regular tax, known as

1339:

also came under Maratha attacks during this time. In June 1756 Luís Mascarenhas, Count of Alva (Conde de Alva), the Portuguese Viceroy was killed in action by the Maratha Army in Goa.

7083: 2313:

offered to the Peshwa were controversial amongst the British for being too liberal: The Peshwa was offered a luxurious life near Kanpur and given a pension of about 80,000 pounds.

2051:, killing and wounding many people l, including Brahmins, plundering the monastery of all its valuable possessions, and desecrating the temple by displacing the image of goddess 2817:, the Treaty of Deogaon saw Berar surrender the province of Cuttack, including Balasore, which connected Bengal with Madras. Additionally, the Treaty of Surji Arjangaon led to 1169: 148: 1684:

and looted his fort. With the fleeing of the Rohillas, the rest of the country was burnt, with the exception of the city of Amroha, which was defended by some thousands of

2585:, the Nawab of Oudh, in 1752 to help him defeat the Afghani Rohillas. The Maratha force set out from Pune and defeated the Afghan Rohillas in 1752, capturing the whole of 964:

the kingdom would increase in size and heterogeneity; by the time of his grandson's rule, and later under the Peshwas in the early 18th century, it became a vast realm.

1858:

from March 1786 to March 1787 in which Tipu Sultan was defeated by the Marathas. By the victory in this battle, the border of the Maratha territory was extended to the

1756:

in southern India established Maratha dominance in the Deccan. On the other hand, Mahadaji's victory over Jats of Mathura, Rajputs of Rajasthan and Pashtun-Rohillas of

4385:, p. 98: Shivaji's coronation and setting himself up as a sovereign prince symbolises the rise of the Indian people in all parts of the country. It was a bid for 2181: 614: 589: 575: 2101:

s) in cash and other gifts and articles. Tipu Sultan's interest in the Sringeri temple continued for many years, and he was still writing to the Swami in the 1790s.

1272:, was appointed Peshwa by Shahu. Bajirao is credited with expanding the Maratha Kingdom tenfold from 3% to 30% of the modern Indian landscape during 1720–1740. The 2205:

in which the Peshwa was defeated. After the Battle of Poona, the flight of the Peshwa left the government of the Maratha state in the hands of Yashwantrao Holkar.(

1323:(Nanasaheb), was appointed as the next Peshwa by Shahu despite the opposition of other chiefs. In 1740, the Maratha forces, under Raghoji Bhonsle, came down upon 713:, the Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from the Maratha and several other Marathi groups from what is known today as 10704: 8668: 2642:

During the confederacy era, Mahadaji Shinde resurrected the Maratha domination over much of Northern India which was lost after the Third Battle of Panipat.

2654:

of the Maratha Confederacy, but following the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805, the Marathas lost these territories to the British East India Company.

2231: 2015:

in 1785. The war ended in 1787 with Tipu Sultan being defeated by the Marathas. The Maratha-Mysore war ended in April 1787 following the finalizing of the

6303: 3989:

Pronouncing dictionary of proper names: pronunciations for more than 28,000 proper names, selected for currency, frequency, or difficulty of pronunciation

2928:) was a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha Kingdom. This system was formed by Shivaji. Ministerial designations were drawn from the 2273:

that retained internal sovereignty under British paramountcy. Other small princely states of Maratha knights were retained under the British Raj as well.

10699: 2458:, who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to 5256: 4180:

is most difficult to define. The chiefs were to all intents and purposes independent, yet they recognised the Peshwa as the head of the Maratha polity

2249:(1817–1818) resulted in the loss of Maratha independence. It left the British in control of most of the Indian subcontinent. The Peshwa was exiled to 3702: 1435:

The Marathas who were hard pressed for money stripped the ceiling of Diwan-i-Khas of its silver and looted the shrines dedicated to Muslim maulanas.

1276:

was a land battle that took place on 28 February 1728 at the village of Palkhed, near the city of Nashik, Maharashtra, India between Baji Rao I and

2224:

The Second Anglo-Maratha War represents the military high-water mark of the Marathas who posed the last serious opposition to the formation of the

1557:

to assist him in driving out the Marathas from Delhi. Huge armies of Muslim forces and Marathas collided with each other on 14 January 1761 in the

1867: 4271:

Kantak, M.R. (1978). "The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of the Shivaji's Swarajya".

1385:

made peace with Raghuji in 1751 ceding Cuttack (Odisha) up to the river Subarnarekha, and agreeing to pay Rs. 1.2 million annually as the

9489: 2300:

The war left the British, under the auspices of the British East India Company, in control of virtually all of present-day India south of the

1039:, Shankaraji Narayan Sacheev and Melgiri Pandit. In 1697, Rajaram offered a truce but this was rejected by Aurangzeb. Rajaram died in 1700 at 779:

under the leadership of Peshwa Bajirao revived Maratha power and confided a great deal of authority to the Bhat family, who became hereditary

8303: 6901:, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552. 1400:'s plunder of Delhi in 1756. Delhi was captured by the Maratha army under Raghunath Rao in August 1757, defeating the Afghan garrison in the 3230:

and bringing significant changes in naval warfare. A series of sea forts and battleships were built in the 17th century during the reign of

1715:. After reaching Delhi in January 1772 and realising the Maratha intent of territorial encroachment, however, Shah Alam ordered his general 4205: 3914: 3254:, has been particularly applauded, according to the contemporary European accounts, the defence fortifications matched the European ones. 1431:

of Delhi, which was the place where the Mughal emperors used to receive courtiers and state guests, in one of their expeditions to Delhi.

1496:. The combined army of over 50,000 regular troops re-captured the former Mughal capital, Delhi, from an Afghan garrison in August 1760. 2257:) as a pensioner of the British. The Maratha heartland of Desh, including Pune, came under direct British rule, except the states of 1392:

Balaji Bajirao encouraged agriculture, protected the villagers and brought about a marked improvement in the state of the territory.

1377:

to his kingdom permanently as he successfully exploited the chaotic conditions prevailing in Bengal after the death of its governor

53: 10664: 7089: 5424: 5404: 3326: 2411:

against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the

1892: 3340:

Wellesley Charles Metcalfe, one of the ablest of the British Officials in India and later acting Governor-General, wrote in 1806:

3153:. It was a homogeneous body commanded by a regular cadre of officers, who had to obey one supreme commander. With the rise of the 10689: 8162:"Rethinking the Origins of British India: State Formation and Military-fiscal Undertakings in an Eighteenth Century World Region" 1019:

Upon Sambhaji's death, his half-brother Rajaram ascended the throne. The Mughal siege of Raigad continued, and he had to flee to

7128:

Selections from the Papers of Lord Metcalfe: Late Governor-General of India, Governor of Jamaica, and Governor-General of Canada

5705: 2387:

and explained the whole matter, after which the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao who returned them to the Chivhe Kolis.

744:

The Marathas became prominent in the politics of the Indian subcontinent during the seventeenth century under the leadership of

10674: 6314: 2861:

The British territory expanded by incorporating the following States under Dalhousie's rule, following the doctrine of lapse:

10659: 10442: 9824: 8265: 8244: 8212: 8150: 8130: 8044: 8023: 7991: 7970: 7949: 7929: 7908: 7787: 7731: 7710: 7689: 7668: 7628: 7607: 7586: 7565: 7541: 7503: 7473: 7452: 7431: 7410: 7389: 7368: 7347: 7319: 7226: 7205: 7147: 7115: 7058: 7037: 7016: 6965: 6944: 6917: 6876: 6855: 6831: 6810: 6786: 6761: 6733: 6712: 6691: 6670: 6436: 6203: 6178: 6153: 6128: 6103: 6078: 6053: 6028: 5955: 5928: 5880: 5849: 5820: 5674: 5511: 5356: 4586: 4552: 4367: 4340: 4309: 4172: 4061: 4023: 3996: 3971: 3876: 3849: 1780:

as a restricted monarch to the throne under Maratha suzerainty, the resurrection of Maratha power in the North was complete.

1381:

in 1727. Constantly harassed by the Bhonsles, Odisha, Bengal and parts of Bihar were economically ruined. Alivardi Khan, the

8808: 8645: 2624: 1405: 1082:

as his Peshwa. The Peshwa was instrumental in securing Mughal recognition of Shahu as the rightful heir of Shivaji and the

1027:

for safety. From there, the Marathas raided Mughal territory, and many forts were recaptured by Maratha commanders such as

664: 10348: 4051: 4542: 4299: 2445:. The Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur unless the Peshwa afforded them redress. 2129: 1624:

In early 1771, ten years after the collapse of Maratha authority over North India following the Third Battle of Panipat,

105: 10494: 9494: 7339: 6304:

https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/noted-goans-during-peshwe-era-in-pune3-2-goans-follow-illustrious-kin/91809.html

1508:, Maratha power had reached its zenith with a territory of over 2,500,000 square kilometres (970,000 sq mi). 3238:

were mostly indigenous and constructed without foreign aid. Further, in the 18th century, during the reign of Admiral

9138: 8296: 7261: 7184: 6649: 6628: 5564: 5521: 5366: 5210: 4215: 3924: 3777: 2209:, p. 194) He appointed Amrutrao as the Peshwa and went to Indore on 13 March 1803. All except Gaekwad, chief of 1680:

and his country was ravaged by Marathas.Mahadaji Shinde captured the family of Zabita Khan, desecrated the grave of

948:

in 1645 by winning the fort Torna, followed by many more forts, placing the area under his control and establishing

6774:

The Anglo-Maratha Campaigns and the Contest for India: The Struggle for Control of the South Asian Military Economy

5358:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid ... – Farooqui Salma Ahmed, Salma Ahmed Farooqui

5109: 2428:

troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons passed this way but when

1447: 4504:"Deindustrialization in 18th and 19th century India: Mughal decline, climate shocks and British industrial ascent" 10120: 5111:

Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-western Provinces of India: Meerut division. 1875–76

1965:, the two most powerful Rajput states, were still out of direct Maratha domination, so Mahadaji sent his general 798:

The structure of the Maratha state was that of a confederacy of four Rajas under the leadership of the Peshwa at

699: 9282: 5542: 2415:. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring 1854:

was fought between the Marathas under the command of Tukojirao Holkar (the adopted son of Malharrao Holkar) and

10684: 8952: 7649: 5841: 5410:

The Despatches, Minutes, and Correspondance, of the Marquess Wellesley, K.G. During His Administration in India

1284:. The battle is considered an example of the brilliant execution of military strategy. In 1737, Marathas under 3217:

A painted scroll depicting different types of ships of the Maratha Navy including some captured English ships.

3098:

Shivaji was an able administrator who established a government that included modern concepts such as cabinet,

1225:

from the six Mogul provinces of Deccan, and full possession of the territories controlled by Shivaji in 1680.

10558: 8733: 3726:

Bajirao succeeded his father as the Peshwa. His sons, grandsons, and great-grandson succeeded him. They were

3363:

commented about the British East India Company copying the French Indian Army in raising an army of Indians:

3043:

and senior writer of the Chhatrapati. Sometimes considered second to the Peshwa in their absence, not in the

2842: 1335:

surrendered the fort to Raghuji on 14 March 1741. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur.

1316:, brother of Baji Rao. The Maratha victory in this war was a major achievement of Baji Rao's time in office. 1277: 3468:) – signed a treaty with the East India Company ceding part of the sovereignty of his kingdom to the company 1646:(head of the amirs). After taking control of Delhi, the Marathas sent a large army in 1772 to punish Afghan 10654: 10553: 10437: 8778: 8768: 8368: 8289: 8275:

Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth Century Maratha Swarajya,

5866: 3590: 3458: 1343: 321: 7941:

Breathing in Bodhi – the General Awareness/ Comprehension book – Life Skills/ Level 2 for the avid readers

5430:

Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K.G.: India, 1797–1805

3546:

From Balaji Vishwanath onwards, the actual power gradually shifted to the Bhat family of Peshwas based in

3149:

was a national army consisting of personnel drawn mainly from his empire which corresponds to present-day

10669: 10563: 9600: 8788: 8503: 8281: 8102: 1351: 1101:

and later his son, Triambakrao, expanded it Westwards into Gujarat. Peshwa Bajirao and his three chiefs,

7050:

Empires and Indigenes: Intercultural Alliance, Imperial Expansion, and Warfare in the Early Modern World

3266: 2725:

in 1689. However, by the beginning of the 18th century, the Marathas had managed to regain their power.

10612: 8498: 7107: 6778: 6753: 5872: 5812: 5655:"The Maratha Court and the Embassies of Saint-Lubin and M. Montigny: A Truce towards Cordial Relations" 5138: 2159: 1939: 1354:, which further added to the decline of the Nawabs of Bengal. During their invasions and occupation of 1233: 1197:, the most powerful naval chief on the Western Coast who later accepted Shahu as Chhatrapati. In 1719, 4503: 901:

refers to a traditionally Marathi peasantry group, in the past the word has been used to describe all

93: 10521: 9669: 9233: 8921: 8488: 8202: 7798: 6841: 3649: 3534: 1935: 1036: 8036:

Islamic Renaissance In South Asia (1707–1867) : The Role Of Shah Waliallah & His Successors

7618: 5945: 2023:. In 1791–92, large areas of the Maratha Confederacy suffered a massive population loss due to the 996:. During the eight years that followed, Sambhaji led the Marathas successfully against the Mughals. 956:

as its capital and successfully fought against the Mughals to defend his kingdom. He was crowned as

10479: 10454: 10304: 9963: 9958: 8967: 8713: 3206: 3198: 3194: 2814: 2806: 2423:

providing security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils and a

2281: 2239: 2221:

during the Second Anglo-Maratha War resulted in the loss of influence over Delhi for the Marathas.

2214: 1994: 1888: 1877:

The Maratha-Sikh treaty in 1785 made the small Cis-Sutlej states an autonomous protectorate of the

858: 17: 4117: 1012:

by the Mughals on 21 March 1689. Aurangzeb had charged Sambhaji with attacks by Maratha forces on

10546: 10427: 9968: 9921: 9864: 9563: 9507: 9255: 8972: 8962: 8826: 8816: 8386: 5768: 5177: 4445:, pp. 1941–: The victory at Bhopal in 1738 established Maratha dominance at the Mughal court 3510: 3352: 2838: 2755: 2297:, saying that by that year "the British dominion in India became the British dominion of India". 2246: 2171: 2143: 2117: 2012: 1990: 1792: 1724: 1707: 1688:

tribes. The Rohillas who could offer no resistance fled to the Terai whence the remaining Sardar

1558: 862: 788: 492: 354: 5899:

Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis

10568: 10469: 10464: 10152: 10100: 10020: 9953: 9857: 9842: 9735: 9502: 9456: 9297: 9184: 8957: 8901: 8871: 8831: 8803: 8783: 8478: 8396: 7891:

Chhatrapati Shivaji: Coronation Tercentenary Commemoration Volume, Bombay: University of Bombay

6936: 3522: 1773: 254: 154: 8234: 8140: 8034: 7960: 7939: 7898: 7658: 7463: 7400: 7137: 7069: 6866: 6821: 6747: 5552: 5428: 5408: 3839: 1926:

then came under the Marathas. He divided Haryana into four territories: Delhi (Mughal emperor

10694: 10499: 10459: 10272: 10147: 9211: 9201: 9160: 9131: 8993: 8916: 8773: 8663: 8013: 7981: 7919: 7777: 7721: 7679: 7597: 7576: 7442: 7379: 7333: 7216: 7158: 7101: 7048: 7027: 6955: 6907: 6772: 6723: 6702: 6660: 6639: 5227: 3866: 3295: 3242:, a host of dockyard facilities were built along the entire western coastline of present-day 2218: 1943: 1851: 1618: 1347: 1009: 607: 10387: 7173: 6315:

https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/goan-colonel-decorated-in-the-maratha-army/91527.html

5196: 10679: 10592: 10422: 10392: 10267: 10198: 10169: 10088: 9422: 9260: 9250: 8988: 8703: 8653: 8358: 8063:. Vol. 7: The Mughul Empire . Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan – via G. Allen & Unwin. 4079:"The Slow Conquest: Administrative Integration of Malwa into the Maratha Empire, 1720–1760" 2694:, and the English settlement on Bombay Island, Sivaji had complete control over the entire 2321:

In 1760, the peace of the Peshwa government was held to ransom by a repetitive uprising of

1401: 945: 381: 10372: 1292:. The Marathas extracted a large tribute from the Mughals and signed a treaty which ceded 8: 10284: 10164: 10130: 10032: 9852: 9847: 9659: 9378: 9314: 9189: 9174: 8087:

The Modernizing of Communication: Vernacular Publishing in Nineteenth Century Maharashtra

6997:

A History of the Maratha People: From the death of Shahu to the end of the Chitpavan epic

3092: 2508: 2476: 1727:

attacked Delhi and defeated Mughal forces in 1772. The Marathas were granted an imperial

1489: 1189:

as Peshwa in 1713. Balaji Vishwanath's first major achievement was the conclusion of the

987:. To nullify the alliance between his rebel son, Akbar, and the Marathas, Mughal Emperor 672: 656: 10000: 9990: 8015:

Wellington: Studies in the Military and Political Career of the First Duke of Wellington

7643: 7126: 3317: 2740:

After Aurangzeb, Marathas conquered a significant portion of India, stretching from the

2601:). In 1752, the Marathas entered into an agreement with the Mughal emperor, through his 2462:, where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was 1966: 1839: 47: 10397: 10377: 10360: 10311: 10176: 9985: 9936: 9869: 9787: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9674: 9644: 9536: 9434: 9302: 9277: 9018: 8936: 8931: 8881: 8836: 8753: 8688: 8683: 8658: 8635: 8363: 8189: 7878: 7870: 7824: 7296: 7288: 7168: 6976: 6929: 6743: 6540: 6532: 6399: 6391: 5277: 4484: 4280: 3667: 3578: 3445: 3279: 3085: 3040: 2998: 2779: 2636: 2594: 2524: 2194: 2105: 2031: 1931: 1915: 1765: 1745: 1546: 854: 835: 749: 721:, which expanded into a large realm in the 18th century under the leadership of Peshwa 649: 594: 128: 4569: 1050: 10506: 10402: 10338: 10333: 10262: 10159: 9874: 9802: 9797: 9639: 9568: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9341: 9292: 9023: 9013: 8911: 8861: 8846: 8841: 8821: 8793: 8743: 8406: 8391: 8261: 8240: 8208: 8181: 8146: 8126: 8108: 8090: 8073: 8040: 8019: 7987: 7966: 7945: 7925: 7904: 7882: 7862: 7804: 7783: 7764: 7727: 7706: 7685: 7664: 7624: 7603: 7582: 7561: 7537: 7499: 7469: 7448: 7427: 7406: 7385: 7364: 7343: 7315: 7300: 7257: 7222: 7201: 7180: 7143: 7111: 7054: 7033: 7012: 6961: 6940: 6913: 6872: 6851: 6827: 6806: 6782: 6757: 6729: 6708: 6687: 6666: 6645: 6624: 6544: 6524: 6432: 6403: 6383: 6199: 6174: 6149: 6124: 6099: 6074: 6049: 6024: 5951: 5924: 5876: 5845: 5816: 5697: 5670: 5517: 5362: 5206: 5202: 4548: 4523: 4488: 4476: 4363: 4336: 4305: 4211: 4168: 4164:

Western India in the Nineteenth Century: A Study in the Social History of Maharashtra

4139: 4098: 4057: 4029: 4019: 3992: 3967: 3920: 3872: 3845: 3690: 3554: 3516: 3283: 2986: 2912: 2787: 2747: 2628: 2590: 2395: 2335: 2289:

chiefs like Holkars, Bhonsles and the Peshwa gave up arms by 1818. British historian

2201:. In May 1802, he marched towards Pune the seat of the Peshwa. This gave rise to the 2167: 2162:, from its base in Bombay, intervened in a succession struggle in Pune, on behalf of 2133: 2113: 2109: 2008: 1998: 1761: 1720: 1712: 1689: 1654:

by looting and plundering as well as taking members of the royal family as captives.

1642:

being at his request conferred on the Peshwa. The Mughals also gave him the title of

1397: 1378: 1273: 1228: 1186: 1178: 1098: 1094: 1079: 984: 843: 462: 264: 8193: 5268:

Kadiyan, Chand Singh (26 June 2019). "Panipat in History: A Study of Inscriptions".

944:

clan and was the founder of the Maratha state. Shivaji led a resistance against the

795:, following which the effective power of Peshwas over other chiefs came to an end. 10355: 10142: 10137: 10093: 10080: 10010: 9978: 9973: 9837: 9832: 9814: 9775: 9708: 9691: 9632: 9622: 9617: 9558: 9514: 9484: 9444: 9427: 9410: 9373: 9124: 8926: 8906: 8891: 8876: 8798: 8758: 8728: 8723: 8708: 8698: 8693: 8673: 8599: 8519: 8401: 8173: 8005: 7854: 7754: 7329: 7280: 7236: 6796: 6516: 6375: 5662: 4515: 4468: 4129: 4090: 3791: 3748: 3572: 3566: 3528: 3299: 3008: 2962: 2783: 2759: 2687: 2294: 2235: 2097: 2024: 1978: 1819: 1716: 1590: 1582: 1473: 1423:

Just prior to the battle of Panipat in 1761, the Marathas looted "Diwan-i-Khas" or

1320: 1301: 1289: 1087: 1028: 976: 949: 890: 874: 827: 738: 726: 667:

often subordinate to the former. It was established in 1674 with the coronation of

479: 222: 134: 6520: 6379: 6231: 5257:

Mahrattas, Sikhs and Southern Sultans of India: Their Fight Against Foreign (2001)

4472: 4332:

The Chitpavans: Social Ascendancy of a Creative Minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918

1822:

gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the aristocracy. After the death of Peshwa

1589:

before the start of the great battle and withdrew their troops as Maratha general

10573: 10541: 10414: 10382: 10365: 10321: 10316: 10294: 10289: 10247: 10240: 10215: 10075: 10070: 9911: 9792: 9686: 9681: 9649: 9474: 9464: 9358: 9351: 9346: 9331: 9287: 9169: 9155: 9079: 8896: 8886: 8856: 8763: 8748: 8738: 8678: 8630: 8620: 8416: 8255: 8223: 8120: 8058: 7796: 7700: 7555: 7551: 7531: 7527: 7513: 7484: 7421: 7358: 7309: 7251: 7195: 7006: 6995: 6887: 6845: 6800: 6681: 6618: 5914: 5897: 5774: 4357: 4330: 4239: 4162: 3841:

Way of Life: King, Householder, Renouncer : Essays in Honour of Louis Dumont

3672: 3609: 3205:

noble family who had escaped Goa after trying to overthrow the government in the

3178: 2818: 2627:

and expanded their boundary till Afghanistan. They defeated the Afghan forces of

2528: 2441:

against the Shelkande Kolis again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to

2339: 2270: 2202: 1970: 1878: 1811: 1681: 1625: 1477: 1452: 1382: 1297: 1232:

The Maratha Confederacy at its peak. This expansion was achieved through various

1214: 1206: 1147: 1110: 898: 839: 811: 710: 683: 9995: 7705:. New Cambridge History of India. Vol. II . 4. Cambridge University Press. 6823:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

5435:"ART VI Scindiah to renounce all claims the Seik chiefs or territories" (p. 318) 4456: 4118:"Transacting Politics in the Maratha Empire: An Agreement between Friends, 1795" 3351:

says that the Maratha infantry was equal to that of British infantry. After the

3278:, was praised by almost all the enemies of the Maratha Empire, ranging from the 3119:

ships and European trading vessels. European traders described these attacks as

3076:

hereditary administrators of the Maratha Empire from 1749 till its end in 1818.

2809:(1802) resulted in a conflict with the Marathas. As per the treaty, the Peshwa, 2378:

to attack, but the army could not do anything because the Kolis themselves were

10626: 10516: 10511: 10474: 10449: 10432: 10343: 10328: 10299: 10257: 10105: 10065: 10060: 10015: 9941: 9901: 9891: 9881: 9696: 9575: 9469: 9336: 9218: 9003: 8851: 8718: 8589: 8569: 8483: 8054: 7271:

Pearson, M.N. (February 1976). "Shivaji and the Decline of the Mughal Empire".

7240: 7097: 7079: 5181: 3707: 3645: 3636: 3291: 3099: 3081: 2946: 2889: 2870: 2574: 2536: 2532: 2305: 2290: 2217:(1803–1805), the Peshwa Baji Rao II signed a similar treaty. The defeat in the 2071: 2047: 1911: 1883: 1800: 1677: 1634: 1632:

as a puppet ruler on the Mughal throne receiving in return the title of deputy

1505: 1328: 1071: 1032: 941: 902: 831: 784: 730: 691: 679: 676: 448: 8177: 5198:

Anglo-Maratha relations during the administration of Warren Hastings 1772–1785

4519: 4134: 4094: 838:, while the Peshwa's dominions included the territories that later became the 10648: 10597: 10484: 10279: 10252: 10225: 10203: 10181: 9948: 9931: 9916: 9760: 9713: 9701: 9627: 9519: 9393: 9388: 9363: 9245: 9074: 9069: 9054: 8998: 8185: 8094: 7866: 7768: 6528: 6387: 5920: 4527: 4480: 4143: 4102: 4013: 3622: 3239: 3186: 3044: 3018: 2905: 2751: 2691: 2647: 2598: 2520: 2446: 2420: 2366: 2350: 2262: 2254: 2147: 1904: 1769: 1610: 1554: 1412:, as in Delhi, the Marathas were now major players. After the 1758 Battle of 1393: 1363: 1194: 1163:, it was the seat of the Peshwa rulers of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818. 1156: 889:

The Maratha Confederacy is also referred to as the Maratha Empire. Historian

823: 803: 792: 753: 580: 396: 196: 10025: 10005: 8112: 8077: 4033: 1396:, brother of Nanasaheb, pushed into the wake of the Afghan withdrawal after 1308:, a village lying on the northern shore of Vasai creek, 50 km north of 865:. The stable borders of the confederacy after 1737 extended from modern-day 10638: 10489: 10230: 10220: 10186: 10115: 10110: 10037: 9827: 9809: 9770: 9765: 9745: 9740: 9612: 9605: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9479: 9417: 9398: 9383: 9319: 9044: 8436: 8431: 8313: 7808: 7639: 3685: 3640: 3631: 3613: 3584: 3374: 3360: 3356: 3223: 3142: 3136: 3132: 3103: 3069: 2921: 2866: 2862: 2741: 2429: 2404: 2375: 2326: 2310: 2301: 2186: 2163: 2078:. Tipu Sultan expressed his indignation and grief at the news of the raid: 1981:

in 1795 with all the major Maratha powers jointly fighting Nizam's forces.

1954: 1927: 1896: 1847: 1835: 1777: 1753: 1703: 1629: 1562: 1332: 1313: 1222: 1210: 1198: 1000: 815: 807: 8311: 7759: 7742: 7029:

The Satara Raj, 1818–1848: A Study in History, Administration, and Culture

5666: 3091:

The Marathas used a secular policy of administration and allowed complete

1657:

The Marathas invaded Rohilkhand to avenge the Rohillas' atrocities in the

1617:

in the battles of Sira and Madgiri. He also rescued the last queen of the

952:(self-rule of Hindu people). He created an independent Maratha state with 10208: 10193: 10042: 9755: 9664: 9654: 9580: 9228: 9223: 9084: 9064: 9059: 9039: 9008: 8866: 8574: 8456: 8441: 8426: 8421: 8325: 7815:

Vartak, Malavika (8–14 May 1999). "Shivaji Maharaj: Growth of a Symbol".

6957:

The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles

5154: 4433:: This source establishes the Maratha control of Delhi before the British 3596: 3497: 3491: 3348: 3247: 3243: 3227: 3190: 3150: 3116: 3028: 2810: 2680: 2516: 2419:. They obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one 2391: 2384: 2362: 2322: 2266: 2225: 2198: 2138: 2060: 2004: 1900: 1859: 1855: 1823: 1796: 1741: 1706:, the Mughal Emperor spent six years in the Allahabad fort and after the 1685: 1672: 1605: 1456: 1367: 1359: 1083: 1024: 1005: 999:

In early 1689, Sambhaji called his commanders for a strategic meeting at

957: 953: 926: 866: 850: 769: 757: 734: 714: 687: 430: 369: 284: 184: 172: 6909:

Vijayanagara voices: exploring South Indian history and Hindu literature

6536: 6395: 5281: 4284: 2146:. The mural is a part of the Victory Memorial (Vijay Stambh) located at 1621:, who had been kept in confinement by Hyder Ali in the fort of Madgiri. 1217:

and a puppet of the Sayyid brothers, granted Shahu rights to collecting

10235: 10052: 9926: 9886: 9819: 9089: 8559: 8549: 8470: 8451: 8411: 7874: 7828: 7292: 6931:

Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System

6749:

The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660–1760

6662:

From the Death of Shivaji to the Death of Aurangzeb: The Critical Years

6504: 6363: 5114:. Printed at the North-western Provinces' Government Press. p. 88. 3804:

The Peshwa between 1737 and 1761 and the Scindias between 1771 and 1803

3485: 3251: 3212: 2865:(1848), Jaitpur (1849) situated northeast of Jhansi, Sambalpur (1849), 2632: 2586: 2582: 2552: 2442: 1950: 1757: 1651: 1501: 1269: 276: 269: 2754:'s claim to the Peshwaship of the Maratha Confederacy resulted in the 2475:

The Maratha Confederacy, at its peak, encompassed a large area of the

1903:

acting on his dispatch. At the conclusion of the war, the frontier of

1776:

and the capture of Najibabad in 1772 and treaties with Mughal Emperor

1661:

war. The Marathas under the leadership of Mahadaji Shinde entered the

10125: 9896: 9780: 9750: 9531: 9405: 9196: 9049: 8584: 8579: 8564: 8529: 8524: 8446: 8343: 8104:

Pindari Society and the Establishment of British Paramountcy in India

7845:

Ahmad, Aziz; Krishnamurti, R. (1962). "Akbar: The Religious Aspect".

5808: 3727: 3405: 2974: 2893: 2722: 2700: 2699:

Arni, and Gingi, along with a share in his brother's principality of

2651: 2568: 2512: 2500: 2484: 2433: 2412: 2354: 2276: 2052: 2020: 1895:

drafted a treaty granting independence to the Sikh clans east of the

1749: 1614: 1598: 1578: 1504:, on the Mughal throne. By 1760, with the defeat of the Nizam in the 1493: 1420:

defeating the Afghan troops in the Battle of Peshawar on 8 May 1758.

1352:

brutal raids against the prosperous Bengali state in the 18th century

1336: 1285: 1261: 1174: 1020: 1013: 988: 972: 761: 722: 698:, similar to other contemporary Indian entities, though in practice, 306: 272: 112: 7858: 7284: 7074:. Vol. VII The Old Regime 1713–63. Cambridge: University Press. 6994:

Kincaid, Charles Augustus; Pārasanīsa, Dattātraya Baḷavanta (1925).

6896: 5577: 1138: 9526: 9309: 9267: 9206: 8594: 8544: 8534: 8338: 3681: 3494:(1714–1760) – came to power by deposing his half-brother Shivaji II 3432: 3399: 3359:

to serve in the British Indian Army. The 19th-century diplomat Sir

3275: 3182: 2993: 2929: 2721:, who succeeded Shivaji, was captured and subsequently executed by 2718: 2611: 2455: 2424: 2370: 2258: 2068: 2043: 1973:. Another achievement of the Marathas was their victories over the 1827: 1807: 1550: 1428: 1417: 1086:

of the Marathas. Balaji also gained the release of Shahu's mother,

1075: 1055: 1040: 993: 968: 695: 246: 228: 8161: 2178:

and the East India Company's abandonment of Raghunathrao's cause.

1692:

Barech sought assistance in an agreement formed with the Nawab of

9439: 9368: 9324: 9179: 9105: 8625: 8615: 8554: 8539: 8353: 8348: 8333: 8257:

Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King

8225:

Journal of the Tanjore Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library

4457:"The Ulcer of the Mughal Empire: Mughals and Marathas, 1680–1707" 4207:

The Cambridge History of India. Volume 3 (III). Turks and Afghans

3945: 3943: 3916:

The Cambridge History of India. Volume 3 (III). Turks and Afghans

3627: 3618: 3560: 3479: 3419: 3393: 3231: 3174: 3170: 3146: 3035: 2989:, managing internal affairs especially intelligence and espionage 2900: 2540: 2463: 2451: 2379: 2358: 2250: 2064: 2039: 1962: 1923: 1863: 1658: 1647: 1528: 1485: 1481: 1459: 1209:, the Mughal governor of Deccan, and deposed the Mughal emperor, 1122: 1118: 1070:, the son of Sambhaji (and grandson of Shivaji), was released by 1067: 1059: 1047:, assumed control in the name of her son, Ramaraja (Shivaji II). 1044: 980: 937: 931: 870: 857:, whose intervention destroyed the confederacy by 1818 after the 819: 776: 745: 668: 545: 443: 417: 9240: 8004:(1968), Pune: Balwant Printers – English Translation of popular 7803:, vol. 18, Washington: Supreme Court of the United States, 4241:

The Raj and the Rajas : Money and Coinage in Colonial India

3966:(2nd ed.). London ; New York: Routledge. p. 803. 2855: 2831: 2799: 2772: 2734: 2712: 1887:(Regent of the empire) of Mughal affairs in 1784. Following the 1516: 918: 849:

After he was defeated by the Holkar dynasty in 1802, the Peshwa

153:

The Maratha Confederacy and its occupied territories during the

9272: 9147: 8466: 8378: 7743:"East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States" 7197:

Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj

7125:

Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus (1855). Kaye, John William (ed.).

6249: 3676: 3654: 3482:(1675–1761) (wife of Rajaram) in the name of her son Shivaji II 3287: 3270:

Maratha Gurab ships attacking a British East India Company ship

3235: 3166: 3154: 3120: 2981: 2969: 2953: 2937: 2695: 2564: 2556: 2504: 2480: 2459: 2416: 2399: 2347: 2331: 2210: 2088: 2075: 1958: 1881:

of the Maratha Confederacy, as Mahadaji Shinde was deputed the

1668: 1570: 1413: 1409: 1386: 1374: 1350:

from 1741 to 1748. The resurgent Maratha Confederacy launched

1309: 1257: 1249: 1237: 1218: 1114: 878: 780: 706:

were largely influenced by the Marathas between 1737 and 1803.

660: 652: 466: 332: 7402:

War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849

4820: 4012:

Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A.; Konopka, Rafal (2001).

3940: 3581:(13 Dec 1772 – 30 Aug 1773) (born 10 Aug 1755, d. 30 Aug 1773) 2605:, Safdarjung, and the Mughals gave the Marathas the chauth of 2467:

or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.

1953:, a Mughal noble who resisted the Marathas. The Rohilla chief 9906: 5802: 4414: 4412: 4410: 3964:

The Routledge dictionary of pronunciation for current English

3763: 3658: 3547: 3162: 3158: 2643: 2616: 2560: 2548: 2488: 2437: 1974: 1919: 1871: 1663: 1355: 1324: 1305: 1293: 1281: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1202: 1102: 799: 765: 703: 632: 541: 537: 533: 208: 138: 7741:

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (2006).

7423:

India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil

6899:

The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502)

4502:

Clingingsmith, David; Williamson, Jeffrey G. (1 July 2008).

3569:(4 Jul 1740 – 23 Jun 1761) (born 8 Dec 1721, d. 23 Jun 1761) 3115:

The Marathas carried out many sea raids, such as plundering

2631:. The Afghans numbered around 25,000–30,000 and were led by 1565:

lost the battle, which halted their imperial expansion. The

1540:

Maratha armour from Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia

7218:

English Writing and India, 1600–1920: Colonizing Aesthetics

5756: 5516:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 169–171. 4658: 4389:(Indian rule), a term in use in Marathi sources of history. 3769: 3754: 3662: 3234:. It has been noted that vessels built in the dockyards of 3202: 2620: 2606: 2496: 2492: 2408: 2151: 2067:, which were exchanged between Tipu Sultan's court and the 1735: 1729: 1697: 1693: 1595: 1586: 1160: 1106: 9116: 7797:

United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (1930),

5513:

The Marathas – Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4)

5387: 5385: 5091: 5089: 4588:

The Marathas – Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4)

4584: 4407: 4210:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University press. p. 395. 4015:

The Oxford dictionary of pronunciation for current English

3991:(2nd ed.). Detroit, Mich: Omnigraphics. p. 633. 2189:

in his court in 1790, concluding a treaty with the British

2074:

were discovered in 1916 by the Director of Archaeology in

1977:

of Hyderabad's armies.The last of these took place at the

1772:) re-established the Marathas in northern India. With the 1738:

to choose the next Peshwa forced the Marathas to retreat.

690:. Following this, the Marathas continued to recognise the 6285: 5976: 5530: 5240: 5238: 5174:

A Comprehensive History of India: Volume Nine (1712–1772)

4989: 4987: 4985: 4856: 3919:. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University press. p. 394. 1566: 6889:

Relations Between the French and the Marathas: 1668–1815

6331: 5902:. New Delhi: Shubhada Saraswat Publications. p. 26. 5775:

United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (1930)

5636: 5634: 5481: 5479: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 4970: 4844: 4832: 4781: 4397: 4395: 4122:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

3603: 1899:

in exchange for their allegiance to the British General

1650:

for their involvement in Panipat. Their army devastated

1268:

After Balaji Vishwanath's death in April 1720, his son,

7139:

Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813

7103:

Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740–1828

6683:

A Military History of Britain: from 1775 to the Present

6594: 6582: 6496: 5964: 5732: 5382: 5171: 5086: 5004: 5002: 4742: 4730: 4501: 4011: 3593:(1774 – 27 Oct 1795) (born 18 Apr 1774, d. 27 Oct 1795) 3575:(1761 – 18 Nov 1772) (born 16 Feb 1745, d. 18 Nov 1772) 3435:

II (nominally, grandson of Rajaram and Queen Tarabai) (

2786:. The Maratha frontier was expanded all the way to the 1439:

During the Maratha invasion of Rohilkhand in the 1750s

1008:, were taken to Bahadurgad by the imperial army, where 922:

Early Maratha conquests, in Shivaji's and Shahji's time

6445: 6355: 5838:

History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000

5312: 5235: 5076: 5074: 5072: 4982: 4793: 4694: 4646: 4622: 3587:(5 Dec 1773 – 1774) (born 18 Aug 1734, d. 11 Dec 1783) 3382: 717:. Shivaji's monarchy was initially referred to as the 10610: 6558: 6486: 6484: 6469: 6457: 6343: 6212: 5720: 5631: 5607: 5602:

Annual Report of the Mysore Archaeological Department

5583: 5476: 5452: 5440: 5107: 5014: 4392: 3778: 2916:

Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.

2104:

The Maratha Confederacy soon allied with the British

1522:

Signature Maratha helmet with curved back, front view

44:

A request that this article title be changed to

6319: 6261: 5780: 5744: 5659:

The Indian Ocean in the Making of Early Modern India

5324: 5300: 5288: 5057: 5045: 5033: 4999: 4948: 4946: 4931: 4868: 4810: 4808: 4759: 4757: 4682: 4670: 4612: 4610: 4595: 4436: 4185: 3766: 3760: 2042:

of the Maratha army raided and looted the temple of

1534:

Signature Maratha helmet with curved back, side view

775:

After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Shivaji's grandson

6000: 5619: 5491: 5069: 4769: 4718: 4634: 4376: 3885: 3757: 3751: 3500:(1760–1812) (adopted from the family of Khanwilkar) 3355:in 1818, Britain listed the Marathas as one of the 2142:A mural depicting the British surrender during the 1342:After the successful campaign of Karnataka and the 1078:by Shahu and Tarabai respectively. Shahu appointed 7172: 6928: 6570: 6481: 5988: 5950:. New Delhi: Popular Prakashan. pp. 207–210. 5464: 5229:History of Modern India: 1707 A.D. up to 2000 A.D. 5194: 4958: 4897: 4895: 4424: 3021:, dispensing justice on civil and criminal matters 2390:In the year 1776, a large number of the Shelkande 881:in the east or about a third of the subcontinent. 7844: 7681:Administrative System in India: Vedic Age to 1947 6993: 6847:Poona in the eighteenth century: an urban history 4943: 4919: 4907: 4880: 4805: 4754: 4706: 4607: 4273:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute 3703:List of battles involving the Maratha Confederacy 3189:, for example, included 5,000 Arabs. The army of 2896:fort, one of the earliest forts built by Shivaji. 2206: 2063:for help. A bunch of about 30 letters written in 1969:to crush the forces of Jaipur and Jodhpur at the 1818:In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, 1814:restored the Maratha domination of northern India 10646: 7897:Bhosle, Prince Pratap Sinh Serfoji Raje (2017). 7740: 7311:Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement 6422: 6420: 5159:The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: c. 1710–1780 5153: 4362:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 120–131. 4018:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 622. 3961: 3949: 2758:, ultimately concluding with the signing of the 2174:ended in 1782 with a restoration of the pre-war 1346:, Raghuji returned from Karnataka. He undertook 960:(sovereign) of the new Maratha Kingdom in 1674. 8122:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 8070:The Sea Hawk: Life and Battles of Kanoji Angrey 7519:Fall of the Mughal Empire: 1754–1771. (Panipat) 7008:Marathas and the Marathas Country: The Marathas 6795: 6686:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. 6255: 4892: 3844:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 360. 3541: 3011:, to manage relationships with other sovereigns 3001:, managing the forces and defense of the Empire 7536:. Vol. I (4th ed.). Orient Longman. 7486:A History of Modern India ...: Marathi Riyasat 5509: 3962:Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A. (2017). 3864: 913: 504:• Dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy 10705:States and territories disestablished in 1818 9132: 8297: 6897:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1907), 6417: 5947:Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary 5868:Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200–1991 4544:Rise and Fall of The Maratha Empire 1750–1818 4053:Rise and Fall of The Maratha Empire 1750–1818 1609:by the early 1770s. Madhav Rao I crossed the 10589:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 8142:Aspects of Manuscript Culture in South India 8089:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 8060:The History and Culture of the Indian People 7983:Advance Study in the History of Modern India 7719: 7085:The History and Culture of the Indian People 6236:Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University 5762: 5571: 5397: 5136: 3599:(6 Dec 1796 – 3 Jun 1818) (died 28 Jan 1851) 3298:was shocked when Maratha commander-in-chief 2087:Tipu Sultan immediately ordered the Asaf of 1934:ceded Haryana on 30 December 1803 under the 940:(1630–1680) was a Maratha aristocrat of the 61:this article until the discussion is closed. 7921:Women, Gender and Art in Asia, c. 1500–1900 7800:Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Reports 6431:. Manchester University Press. p. 17. 6196:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6171:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6146:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6121:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6096:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6071:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6046:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6021:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 3051:With the notable exception of the priestly 2571:. They built up the large empire in India. 729:-speaking peasantry group from the western 525:2,500,000 km (970,000 sq mi) 10700:States and territories established in 1674 9139: 9125: 8304: 8290: 8236:Women's Travel Writings in India 1777–1854 8207:. Vol. 2. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 8100: 7958: 7637: 7578:An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History 7522:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). M.C. Sarkar. 7468:(Paperback ed.). Rupa & Company. 7440: 7167: 6935:. University of California Press. p. 6799:; Garrett, Herbert Leonard Offley (1995). 6588: 5982: 5865:Guha, Sumit; Guha, Lecturer Sumit (1999). 5417: 5270:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 4862: 4540: 4301:Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–96, Volume 2 4049: 2879: 2854: 2830: 2798: 2771: 2733: 2711: 2690:of Goa, Chaul, Salsette, and Bassein, the 2679: 2293:describes 1818 as a watershed year in the 1734:demise of the Peshwa and the civil war in 760:as his capital. The religious attitude of 147: 7775: 7758: 7078: 7004: 6805:. Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 6742: 6721: 6337: 6291: 5578:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907 5485: 5458: 5423: 5403: 5391: 5225: 4976: 4133: 2507:. The confederacy collected defeated the 2365:revolted against the Peshwa and captured 1834:rulers and regents for the infant Peshwa 1671:Najib-ud-Daula which was held by his son 1638:or vice-regent of the Empire and that of 737:) who rose to prominence by establishing 8253: 8232: 8084: 8053: 7900:Contributions of Thanjavur Maratha Kings 7720:Trivedi, Harish; Allen, Richard (2000). 7493: 7482: 7377: 7328: 7193: 7124: 7096: 7090:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust 7088:. Vol. 8 The Maratha Supremacy. Mumbai: 7025: 6885: 6819: 6600: 6564: 6475: 6218: 5912: 5864: 5548: 5172:A.C. Banerjee; D.K. Ghose, eds. (1978). 5095: 4993: 4736: 4700: 4628: 4264: 3891: 3871:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 75. 3327:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 3316: 3265: 3211: 2911: 2899: 2888: 2657: 2573: 2543:kingdoms of South India. They extracted 2275: 2230: 2180: 2137: 1893:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 1806: 1791: 1446: 1300:was fought between the Marathas and the 1280:of Hyderabad. The Marathas defeated the 1227: 1168: 1049: 925: 917: 10413: 8221: 8067: 7986:. Vol. 1: 1707–1803. Lotus Press. 7979: 7698: 7574: 7461: 7307: 7270: 7067: 6905: 6840: 6616: 6198:. Oxford University Press. p. 66. 6173:. Oxford University Press. p. 60. 6148:. Oxford University Press. p. 58. 6123:. Oxford University Press. p. 54. 6098:. Oxford University Press. p. 52. 6073:. Oxford University Press. p. 50. 6048:. Oxford University Press. p. 48. 6023:. Oxford University Press. p. 48. 5970: 5738: 5318: 5267: 5244: 5027: 4826: 4652: 4571:A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 4454: 4418: 4401: 4328: 4204:Haig L, t-Colonel Sir Wolseley (1967). 4115: 3986: 3913:Haig L, t-Colonel Sir Wolseley (1967). 2692:Abyssinian pirate stronghold of Janjira 2330:Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at 2123: 14: 10647: 7896: 7814: 7660:War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965 7645:Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia 7550: 7526: 7512: 7356: 7156: 6953: 6770: 6700: 6502: 6451: 6361: 6349: 6193: 6168: 6143: 6118: 6093: 6068: 6043: 6018: 5943: 5798: 5726: 5640: 5625: 5470: 5446: 5433:. Vol. I. pp. 269–279, 319. 5330: 5306: 5294: 5080: 4964: 4676: 4664: 4430: 4355: 4270: 4203: 4191: 4076: 3912: 2949:, general administration of the Empire 2778:In 1795, the Marathas overwhelmed the 1984: 9120: 8285: 8118: 8032: 7677: 7656: 7249: 7235: 7214: 7135: 6926: 6864: 6679: 6658: 6637: 6576: 6515:(1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 34. 6505:"Wellington and the Marathas in 1803" 6463: 6374:(1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 38. 6364:"Wellington and the Marathas in 1803" 6325: 6267: 6232:"Introduction to Rise of the Maratha" 6224: 5786: 5750: 5652: 5613: 5589: 5536: 5497: 5354: 5140:Maratha Policy Towards Northern India 5063: 5051: 5039: 4937: 4874: 4850: 4838: 4799: 4787: 4775: 4748: 4724: 4712: 4688: 4640: 4601: 4382: 4258: 4160: 4116:Vendell, Dominic (26 November 2021). 4045: 4043: 3837: 3790: 3604:Federal houses of Maratha Confederacy 3429:) (alias Shivaji II, son of Sambhaji) 3031:, managing internal religious matters 2003:The Marathas came into conflict with 8138: 8107:, Madison: University of Wisconsin, 8011: 7917: 6426: 5895: 5835: 5801:The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the 4237: 4077:Gordon, Stewart N. (February 1977). 3312: 1949:In 1788, Mahadaji's armies defeated 1406:Maratha conquest of North-west India 806:from 1721 till 1818. These were the 29: 8200: 8159: 7623:. Macmillan India. pp. 1941–. 7620:An Advanced History of Modern India 7616: 7595: 7419: 7398: 7335:The Indian Princes and their States 7256:. National Book Trust. p. 21. 7046: 6974: 6490: 6279: 6006: 5994: 5342: 5143:. Meenakshi Prakashan. p. 158. 5008: 4952: 4925: 4913: 4901: 4886: 4814: 4763: 4616: 4442: 4335:. Shubhi Publications. p. 82. 4297: 3383:Rulers, administrators and generals 2284:with the British East India Company 2130:Anglo-Maratha Wars (disambiguation) 1719:to drive them out. In retaliation, 1585:, who quit the Maratha alliance at 1404:. This laid the foundation for the 853:sought protection from the British 27:Indian political entity (1674–1818) 24: 8222:Serfoji, Tanjore Maharaja (1979). 7837: 7483:Sardesai, Govind Sakharam (1935). 7360:The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia 7340:The New Cambridge History of India 4040: 3261: 3222:Some historians have credited the 2623:. In 1758, Marathas started their 2479:. At its zenith, it expanded from 2334:, he surrendered all his forts to 1787: 1574:united in the name of religion." 741:(meaning "self-rule of Hindus"). 25: 10716: 7747:Journal of World-Systems Research 7638:Sheil, Lady Mary Leonora Woulfe; 7557:A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 7447:. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. 7441:Saini, A.K; Chand, Hukam (n.d.). 7314:. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. 7250:Pagdi, Setumadhavarao S. (1993). 7245:. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 7160:Haryana: A Historical Perspective 5708:from the original on 23 June 2022 5125:The Great Maratha Mahadji Scindia 4567: 3865:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1978). 3274:The Maratha Army, especially its 3226:for laying the foundation of the 2965:, managing accounts of the Empire 2884: 2650:were under the suzerainty of the 1090:, from Mughal captivity in 1719. 659:. It comprised the realms of the 10632: 10620: 8312: 8204:Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–96 8125:, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 7071:The New Cambridge Modern History 6906:Jackson, William Joseph (2005). 6644:. University of Nebraska Press. 6509:The International History Review 6368:The International History Review 6308: 6297: 6194:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6187: 6169:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6162: 6144:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6137: 6119:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6112: 6094:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6087: 6069:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6062: 6044:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6037: 6019:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6012: 5937: 5906: 5889: 5858: 5829: 5792: 5690: 5657:. In Malekandathil, Pius (ed.). 5646: 5595: 5566:Anglo-Maratha relations, 1785–96 5558: 5226:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (1947). 4585:New Cambridge History of India. 4508:Explorations in Economic History 4455:Osborne, Eric W. (3 July 2020). 3950:Turchin, Adams & Hall (2006) 3747: 1803:of the Maratha Confederacy,1760. 1527: 1515: 1234:military campaigns and conquests 1146: 1137: 1097:expanded the kingdom eastwards. 612: 587: 573: 104: 92: 34: 10665:1818 disestablishments in India 8018:. Manchester University Press. 7363:. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. 7157:Mittal, Satish Chandra (1986). 6609: 5503: 5348: 5336: 5261: 5250: 5219: 5188: 5165: 5147: 5130: 5118: 5101: 4578: 4561: 4534: 4495: 4448: 4349: 4322: 4291: 4252: 4231: 4197: 4154: 4109: 4070: 3807: 3798: 3739: 3720: 3463: 3450: 3437: 3424: 3387: 2581:The Marathas were requested by 2280:Peshwa Baji Rao II signing the 1628:recaptured Delhi and installed 1366:and during their occupation of 1062:, and the second Maratha ruler. 884: 709:Although Shivaji came from the 10690:Former countries in South Asia 8953:Maratha-Mughal War of 27 years 8002:Shivaji the Great, Janata Raja 7903:(2nd ed.). Notion Press. 7684:. APH Publishing. p. 93. 7384:. Cambridge University Press. 7342:. Cambridge University Press. 7131:. London: Smith, Elder and Co. 6820:Farooqui, Salma Ahmed (2011). 6707:. Asian Educational Services. 6641:The State at War in South Asia 5916:Histories for the Subordinated 5842:University of Washington Press 5799:Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989). 5355:Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). 5108:Edwin Thomas Atkinson (1875). 4005: 3987:Bollard, John K., ed. (1998). 3980: 3955: 3906: 3897: 3858: 3831: 2398:village, revolted against the 1910:Mahadaji Shinde had conquered 1066:After Aurangzeb died in 1707, 897:Although at present, the word 498:5 November 1817 – 9 April 1819 13: 1: 10675:Empires and kingdoms of India 8260:, Stanford University Press, 8101:McEldowney, Philip F (1966), 7817:Economic and Political Weekly 7602:(3rd ed.). The New Age. 7200:. New Delhi: APH Publishing. 6771:Cooper, Randolf G.S. (2003). 6521:10.1080/07075332.1989.9640499 6503:Cooper, Randolf G.S. (1989). 6380:10.1080/07075332.1989.9640499 6362:Cooper, Randolf G.S. (1989). 6256:Edwardes & Garrett (1995) 4473:10.1080/09592318.2020.1764711 4461:Small Wars & Insurgencies 3903:Kincaid & Parasnis, p.156 3820: 3185:, and Europeans. The army of 2316: 2207:Kincaid & Pārasanīsa 1925 2091:to supply the Swami with 200 1922:from the governor of Hissar. 1463: 1278:Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I 1128: 791:in 1761, at the hands of the 275:with a restricted monarchial 255:Other religions in South Asia 10660:1674 establishments in India 8201:Sen, Sailendra Nath (1994). 8119:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2009) , 7944:. Disha Publications. 2017. 7847:The Journal of Asian Studies 7617:Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). 7273:The Journal of Asian Studies 7175:A Concise History of Warfare 3825: 3591:Sawai Madhava Rao II Narayan 3542:Peshwas from the Bhat family 3193:included the Pinto brothers 2470: 1907:was extended to the Yamuna. 1472:In 1760, the Marathas under 756:to carve out a kingdom with 225:(court language, literature) 7: 9146: 8504:Jagjivanrao Pant Pratinidhi 8085:McDonald, Ellen E. (1968), 8068:Manohar, Malgonkar (1959). 7136:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005). 7068:Lindsay, J.O., ed. (1967). 6912:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 6850:. Oxford University Press. 6826:. Pearson Education India. 6704:Delhi, the Capital of India 5944:Pillai, S. Devadas (1997). 5653:Kadam, Umesh Ashok (2016). 5361:. Pearson Education India. 5195:Sailendra Nath Sen (1998). 4541:Nandakumar, Sanish (2020). 4050:Nandakumar, Sanish (2020). 3696: 3517:Nilakanth Moreshvar Pingale 3126: 1348:six expeditions into Bengal 1312:. The Marathas were led by 1213:. The new teenage emperor, 914:Shivaji and his descendants 748:, who revolted against the 663:and four major independent 446:as the legitimate ruler by 10: 10721: 8499:Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi 7959:Chaturvedi, R. P. (2010). 7496:Shivaji, the great Maratha 7465:Splendours of Royal Mysore 7378:Richards, John F. (1995). 7108:Cambridge University Press 7026:Kulkarni, Sumitra (1995). 7000:. Vol. III. S. Chand. 6842:Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind 6797:Edwardes, Stephen Meredyth 6779:Cambridge University Press 6754:Cambridge University Press 5873:Cambridge University Press 5813:Asian Educational Services 5763:Trivedi & Allen (2000) 5604:1916 pp. 10–11, 73–76 3868:Reflections on the Tantras 3535:Parshuram Trimbak Kulkarni 3504: 3130: 2744:to the borders of Bengal. 2361:, due to which the Chivhe 2160:British East India Company 2127: 1988: 1940:British East India Company 1862:river. The strong fort of 1373:Raghuji was able to annex 1125:) expanded it northwards. 908: 644:, also referred to as the 10582: 10534: 10051: 9455: 9154: 9098: 9032: 8981: 8945: 8644: 8608: 8512: 8489:Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi 8465: 8377: 8324: 8254:Truschke, Audrey (2017), 8178:10.1017/S0026749X11000825 7918:Bose, MeliaBelli (2017). 7657:Singh, Harbakhsh (2011). 7575:Schmidt, Karl J. (2015). 7533:Fall of the Mughal Empire 7444:History of Medieval India 7215:Nayar, Pramod K. (2008). 7005:Kulakarṇī, A. Rā (1996). 6978:Military history of India 6927:Jones, Rodney W. (1974). 6620:Studies in Mughal History 6617:Agrawal, Ashvini (1983). 5378:– via Google Books. 4520:10.1016/j.eeh.2007.11.002 4329:Gokhale, Sandhya (2008). 4135:10.1163/15685209-12341554 4095:10.1017/S0026749X00013202 2495:in the east. It bordered 1936:Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon 1866:was then in the hands of 1425:Hall of Private Audiences 1037:Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi 628: 552: 529: 521: 516: 512: 502: 489: 476: 459: 440: 427: 414: 410: 402: 392: 388: 375: 360: 345: 341: 331: 327: 312: 297: 293: 283: 260: 238: 215: 162: 146: 121: 88: 83: 72: 8968:Second Anglo-Maratha War 8160:Roy, Tirthankar (2013). 7924:. Taylor & Francis. 7782:. Taylor & Francis. 7699:Stewart, Gordon (1993). 7462:Sampath, Vikram (2008). 7405:. Taylor & Francis. 7080:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra 6865:Hasan, Mohibbul (2005). 6722:Chaurasia, R.S. (2004). 6665:. Northern Book Centre. 6589:Sheil & Sheil (1856) 5983:Saini & Chand (n.d.) 5913:Hardiman, David (2007). 4356:Gordon, Stewart (2007). 4244:. Taylor & Francis. 4161:Kumar, Ravinder (2013). 3713: 3207:Conspiracy of the Pintos 3072:. They later became the 2977:, preparing royal edicts 2932:language and comprised: 2815:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2723:Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb 2357:who was an anti koli as 2240:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2215:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2112:) against Mysore in the 1995:Sringeri Sharada Peetham 1889:Second Anglo-Maratha War 1774:Capture of Delhi in 1771 1416:, the Marathas captured 1201:under Balaji marched to 863:Third Anglo-Maratha Wars 8973:Third Anglo-Maratha War 8963:First Anglo-Maratha War 8387:Moropant Trimbak Pingle 8233:Thompson, Carl (2020). 7494:Sardesai, H.S. (2002). 7194:Naravane, M.S. (2006). 7169:Montgomery, Bernard Law 7032:. Mittal Publications. 6886:Hatalkar, V.G. (1958). 6728:. New Delhi: Atlantic. 6725:History of the Marathas 6638:Barua, Pradeep (2005). 6623:. Motilal Banarsidass. 5700:Encyclopædia Britannica 5510:Stewart Gordon (1993). 5178:Indian History Congress 5127:by N.G. Rathod, pp. 8–9 4829:, pp. 24, 200–202. 4298:Sen, Sailendra (1994). 3511:Moropant Trimbak Pingle 3353:Third Anglo-Maratha war 2880:Government and military 2839:Third Anglo-Maratha war 2756:First Anglo-Maratha War 2746:The involvement of the 2247:Third Anglo-Maratha War 2172:First Anglo-Maratha War 2144:First Anglo-Maratha War 2118:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 1725:Visaji Krushna Biniwale 1700:attacked the Rohillas. 1559:Third Battle of Panipat 873:in the north after the 493:Third Anglo-Maratha War 216:Official languages 8479:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 8397:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 7980:Chhabra, G.S. (2005). 7889:Apte, B.K. (editor) – 7776:Sridharan, K. (2000). 7702:The Marathas 1600–1818 7498:. Cosmo Publications. 7163:. New Delhi: Atlantic. 6954:Kantak, M. R. (1993). 6871:. Delhi: Aakar Books. 6868:History of Tipu Sultan 6680:Black, Jeremy (2006). 5896:Gāre, Govinda (1976). 4359:The Marathas 1600–1818 3788:Marathi pronunciation: 3523:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 3380: 3346: 3322: 3310: 3271: 3219: 3113: 2917: 2909: 2897: 2688:Portuguese possessions 2578: 2285: 2242: 2190: 2155: 2085: 1815: 1804: 1469: 1445: 1437: 1389:for Bengal and Bihar. 1265: 1182: 1093:During Shahu's reign, 1063: 967:Shivaji had two sons: 934: 923: 725:. The Marathas were a 461:• Appointment of 442:• Recognition of 10685:Former confederations 10559:Medieval great powers 8277:(Cambridge UP, 1986). 8139:Rath, Saraju (2012). 8012:Gash, Norman (1990). 7760:10.5195/JWSR.2006.369 7723:Literature and Nation 7420:Roy, Kaushik (2004). 7399:Roy, Kaushik (2011). 7357:Rathod, N.G. (1994). 7011:. Books & Books. 6981:. Calcutta: Firma KLM 6960:. Popular Prakashan. 6701:Capper, John (1997). 6659:Bhave, Y. G. (2000). 6427:Gash, Norman (1990). 5667:10.4324/9781315276809 5161:. Brill. p. 178. 5137:Poonam Sagar (1993). 4667:, pp. 1126–1134. 4304:. Popular Prakashan. 4238:Garg, Sanjay (2022). 3838:Madan, T. N. (1988). 3365: 3342: 3320: 3305: 3296:Sardar Shah Wali Khan 3269: 3215: 3108: 3104:internal intelligence 2915: 2903: 2892: 2837:During the final and 2658:Territorial evolution 2577: 2279: 2253:(Marat, near Kanpur, 2234: 2219:Battle of Delhi, 1803 2184: 2141: 2128:Further information: 2080: 2017:treaty of Gajendragad 1989:Further information: 1944:Company rule in India 1852:Battle of Gajendragad 1826:, various chiefs and 1810: 1795: 1619:Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 1613:in 1767 and defeated 1450: 1441: 1433: 1296:to the Marathas. The 1231: 1172: 1053: 929: 921: 608:Company rule in India 416:• Coronation of 10569:European colonialism 10554:Ancient great powers 8166:Modern Asian Studies 8033:Ghazi, M.A. (2002). 7726:. Psychology Press. 7678:Singh, U.B. (1998). 7599:History Modern India 7560:. Orient Blackswan. 7426:. Orient Blackswan. 7330:Ramusack, Barbara N. 7308:Prakash, Om (2002). 6802:Mughal Rule in India 5836:Guha, Sumit (2019). 5698:"Battle of Wadgaon, 4083:Modern Asian Studies 3792:[məˈɾaːʈʰaː] 3045:Ashta Pradhan Mandal 2926:The Council of Eight 2477:Indian sub-continent 2124:British intervention 1797:Constituent kingdoms 1744:'s victory over the 946:Sultanate of Bijapur 686:in 1707 following a 10655:Maratha Confederacy 10564:Modern great powers 8789:Invasions of Bengal 8609:Maratha Confederacy 8318:Maratha Confederacy 8039:. New Delhi: Adam. 7965:. Upkar Prakashan. 7962:Great Personalities 7047:Lee, Wayne (2011). 6975:Kar, H. C. (1980). 6892:. T.V. Chidambaran. 6744:Chaudhuri, Kirti N. 5875:. pp. 83–105. 5539:, pp. 105–107. 5413:. pp. 264–267. 4853:, pp. 169–245. 4841:, pp. 492–494. 4790:, pp. 101–103. 4574:. pp. 512–523. 4421:, pp. 221–235. 3093:freedom of religion 2625:north-west conquest 2609:in addition to the 2547:from the rulers in 2509:Sultanate of Mysore 2353:had appointed Abha 1991:Maratha–Mysore Wars 1985:Maratha–Mysore Wars 1870:, the Jat ruler of 1490:Govind Pant Bundele 1462:by Shivram Chitari 1240:from the rulers in 688:prolonged rebellion 673:Maratha Chhatrapati 657:Indian subcontinent 642:Maratha Confederacy 74:Maratha Confederacy 10670:Dynasties of India 9019:Nizam of Hyderabad 8958:Maratha–Mysore War 8636:Patwardhan dynasty 8626:Scindia of Gwalior 7242:Discovery of India 3579:Narayanrao Bajirao 3323: 3280:Duke of Wellington 3272: 3220: 3086:East India Company 3047:but equal to them. 3041:Personal Secretary 2999:Commander-in-Chief 2918: 2910: 2904:Maratha darbar or 2898: 2780:Nizam of Hyderabad 2637:Ahmad Shah Durrani 2595:Moradabad division 2579: 2525:Nizam of Hyderabad 2286: 2243: 2195:Yashwantrao Holkar 2191: 2156: 2106:East India Company 2013:Maratha–Mysore War 1932:Daulat Rao Scindia 1816: 1805: 1766:Moradabad division 1746:Nizam of Hyderabad 1547:Ahmad Shah Durrani 1470: 1266: 1207:Sayyid Hussain Ali 1191:Treaty of Lonavala 1183: 1064: 1010:they were executed 935: 924: 855:East India Company 770:Maratha insurgency 750:Adil Shahi dynasty 675:and recognised by 155:Afghan–Maratha War 10608: 10607: 10530: 10529: 10495:Polish–Lithuanian 9670:Gurjara-Pratihara 9114: 9113: 9014:Portuguese Empire 8621:Gaekwad of Baroda 8616:Bhonsle of Nagpur 8407:Balaji Vishwanath 8392:Moreshvar Pingale 8267:978-1-5036-0259-5 8246:978-1-315-47311-6 8214:978-81-7154-789-0 8152:978-90-04-21900-7 8132:978-81-207-1015-3 8046:978-81-7435-400-6 8025:978-0-7190-2974-5 8000:Desai, Ranjeet – 7993:978-81-89093-06-8 7972:978-81-7482-061-7 7951:978-93-84583-48-4 7931:978-1-351-53655-4 7910:978-1-948230-95-7 7823:(19): 1126–1134. 7789:978-81-224-1245-1 7733:978-0-415-21207-6 7712:978-0-521-03316-9 7691:978-81-7024-928-3 7670:978-1-935501-29-9 7640:Sheil, Sir Justin 7630:978-0-230-32885-3 7609:978-81-224-1774-6 7596:Sen, S.N (2006). 7588:978-1-317-47681-8 7567:978-81-250-0333-5 7543:978-81-250-1149-1 7505:978-81-7755-286-7 7475:978-81-291-1535-5 7454:978-81-261-2313-1 7433:978-81-7824-109-8 7412:978-1-136-79087-4 7391:978-0-521-56603-2 7381:The Mughal Empire 7370:978-81-85431-52-9 7349:978-1-139-44908-3 7321:978-81-261-0938-8 7237:Nehru, Jawaharlal 7228:978-1-134-13150-1 7207:978-81-313-0034-3 7149:978-1-932705-54-6 7117:978-0-521-02822-6 7060:978-0-8147-6527-2 7039:978-81-7099-581-4 7018:978-81-85016-50-4 6967:978-81-7154-696-1 6946:978-0-520-02545-5 6919:978-0-7546-3950-3 6878:978-81-87879-57-2 6857:978-0-19-562137-2 6833:978-81-317-3202-1 6812:978-81-7156-551-1 6788:978-0-521-82444-6 6763:978-0-521-03159-2 6735:978-81-269-0394-8 6714:978-81-206-1282-2 6693:978-0-275-99039-8 6672:978-81-7211-100-7 6438:978-0-7190-2974-5 6205:978-0-19-635139-1 6180:978-0-19-635139-1 6155:978-0-19-635139-1 6130:978-0-19-635139-1 6105:978-0-19-635139-1 6080:978-0-19-635139-1 6055:978-0-19-635139-1 6030:978-0-19-635139-1 5957:978-81-7154-807-1 5930:978-1-905422-38-8 5882:978-0-521-64078-7 5851:978-0-295-74623-4 5822:978-81-206-0488-9 5676:978-1-315-27680-9 5425:Wellesley, Arthur 5405:Wellesley, Arthur 5203:Popular Prakashan 5184:. pp. 60–61. 5011:, pp. 80–81. 4863:Montgomery (1972) 4802:, pp. 38–39. 4751:, p. 53,706. 4554:978-1-64783-961-1 4369:978-0-521-03316-9 4342:978-81-8290-132-2 4311:978-81-7154-789-0 4174:978-1-135-03146-6 4063:978-1-64783-961-1 4025:978-0-19-863156-9 3998:978-0-7808-0098-4 3973:978-1-138-12566-7 3878:978-81-208-0691-7 3851:978-81-208-0527-9 3555:Balaji Vishwanath 3313:European accounts 3284:Ahmad Shah Abdali 3055:and the judicial 2987:Interior Minister 2877: 2876: 2807:Treaty of Bassein 2788:Tungabhadra River 2748:Bombay Government 2629:Ahmed Shah Abdali 2591:Bareilly division 2432:was appointed as 2325:under their Naik 2282:Treaty of Bassein 2168:Battle of Wadgaon 2134:Anglo-Mysore Wars 2114:Anglo-Mysore Wars 2110:Bengal Presidency 2011:, leading to the 2009:Kingdom of Mysore 1999:Anglo-Mysore Wars 1762:Bareilly division 1721:Tukoji Rao Holkar 1713:Alopi Devi Mandir 1690:Hafiz Rahmat Khan 1601:) did not exist. 1398:Ahmed Shah Abdali 1379:Murshid Quli Khan 1327:and defeated the 1274:Battle of Palkhed 1236:. They extracted 1187:Balaji Vishwanath 1179:Malhar Rao Holkar 1099:Khanderao Dabhade 1080:Balaji Vishwanath 844:Central Provinces 789:defeat of Panipat 762:Emperor Aurangzeb 711:Maratha community 700:imperial politics 694:as their nominal 638: 637: 624: 623: 620: 619: 600: 599: 595:Bijapur Sultanate 463:Balaji Vishwanath 384:(claimed titular) 377:• 1858–1859 365: 362:• 1803–1818 350: 347:• 1674–1683 317: 314:• 1808–1818 302: 299:• 1674–1680 265:Absolute monarchy 66: 65: 16:(Redirected from 10712: 10637: 10636: 10635: 10625: 10624: 10623: 10616: 10411: 10410: 10076:Austro-Hungarian 9776:Chagatai Khanate 9141: 9134: 9127: 9118: 9117: 8832:Capture of Delhi 8809:North-west India 8779:2nd Trichinopoly 8769:1st Trichinopoly 8631:Holkar of Indore 8600:Tulsi Bai Holkar 8520:Ahilyabai Holkar 8422:Madhavrao Ballal 8402:Bahiroji Pingale 8316: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8283: 8282: 8270: 8250: 8229: 8218: 8197: 8172:(4): 1125–1156. 8156: 8135: 8115: 8097: 8081: 8064: 8050: 8029: 7997: 7976: 7955: 7935: 7914: 7886: 7832: 7811: 7793: 7779:Sea: Our Saviour 7772: 7762: 7737: 7716: 7695: 7674: 7653: 7634: 7613: 7592: 7571: 7552:Sarkar, Jadunath 7547: 7528:Sarkar, Jadunath 7523: 7514:Sarkar, Jadunath 7509: 7490: 7479: 7458: 7437: 7416: 7395: 7374: 7353: 7325: 7304: 7267: 7246: 7232: 7211: 7190: 7178: 7164: 7153: 7132: 7121: 7093: 7075: 7064: 7043: 7022: 7001: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6971: 6950: 6934: 6923: 6902: 6893: 6882: 6861: 6837: 6816: 6792: 6767: 6739: 6718: 6697: 6676: 6655: 6634: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6424: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6338:Sridharan (2000) 6335: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6312: 6306: 6301: 6295: 6292:Majumdar (1951b) 6289: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6016: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5562: 5556: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5486:Majumdar (1951b) 5483: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5459:Kulakarṇī (1996) 5456: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5401: 5395: 5392:Chaurasia (2004) 5389: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5265: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5205:. pp. 7–8. 5192: 5186: 5185: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5155:Jos J.L. Gommans 5151: 5145: 5144: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5084: 5078: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5012: 5006: 4997: 4991: 4980: 4977:Chaudhuri (2006) 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4872: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4848: 4842: 4836: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4568:Ghosh, D.K. Ed. 4565: 4559: 4558: 4547:. Notion Press. 4538: 4532: 4531: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4405: 4399: 4390: 4387:Hindavi Swarajya 4380: 4374: 4373: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4137: 4128:(5–6): 826–863. 4113: 4107: 4106: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4056:. Notion Press. 4047: 4038: 4037: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3910: 3904: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3835: 3814: 3813:(excluding Sind) 3811: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3789: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3743: 3731: 3724: 3573:Madhavrao Peshwa 3529:Bahiroji Pingale 3467: 3466: 1808–1839 3465: 3454: 3453: 1777–1808 3452: 3441: 3440: 1749–1777 3439: 3428: 3427: 1708–1749 3426: 3378: 3300:Sadashivrao Bhau 3201:from the famous 3009:Foreign Minister 2963:Finance Minister 2858: 2834: 2802: 2775: 2760:Treaty of Salbai 2737: 2715: 2683: 2662: 2661: 2483:in the north to 2295:history of India 2245:Ultimately, the 2236:Battle of Assaye 2055:. The incumbent 2025:Doji bara famine 1979:Battle of Kharda 1967:Benoît de Boigne 1840:Benoît de Boigne 1820:Madhavrao Peshwa 1742:Madhavrao Peshwa 1708:capture of Delhi 1591:Sadashivrao Bhau 1531: 1519: 1474:Sadashivrao Bhau 1468: 1465: 1319:Baji Rao's son, 1290:Battle of Bhopal 1185:Shahu appointed 1150: 1141: 1029:Santaji Ghorpade 981:Chikka Deva Raya 950:Hindavi Swarajya 891:Barbara Ramusack 875:Battle of Bhopal 869:in the south to 836:House of Bhonsle 828:House of Scindia 812:House of Gaekwad 739:Hindavi Swarajya 616: 615: 604: 603: 591: 590: 577: 576: 570: 569: 554: 553: 480:Treaty of Bhopal 472:16 November 1713 451: 363: 348: 315: 300: 192: 180: 157:in 1758 (yellow) 151: 108: 96: 78: 70: 69: 54:under discussion 50: 38: 37: 30: 21: 10720: 10719: 10715: 10714: 10713: 10711: 10710: 10709: 10645: 10644: 10643: 10633: 10631: 10621: 10619: 10611: 10609: 10604: 10593:American Empire 10578: 10574:African empires 10526: 10409: 10101:Central African 10047: 9865:Romano-Germanic 9451: 9185:Middle Assyrian 9158: 9150: 9145: 9115: 9110: 9094: 9028: 8977: 8941: 8640: 8604: 8508: 8461: 8437:Sawai Madhavrao 8417:Balaji Baji Rao 8373: 8320: 8310: 8280: 8268: 8247: 8215: 8153: 8133: 8055:Majumdar, R. C. 8047: 8026: 7994: 7973: 7952: 7938: 7932: 7911: 7859:10.2307/2050934 7840: 7838:Further reading 7835: 7790: 7734: 7713: 7692: 7671: 7631: 7610: 7589: 7568: 7544: 7506: 7476: 7455: 7434: 7413: 7392: 7371: 7350: 7322: 7285:10.2307/2053980 7264: 7229: 7208: 7187: 7150: 7118: 7098:Marshall, P. J. 7061: 7040: 7019: 6984: 6982: 6968: 6947: 6920: 6879: 6858: 6834: 6813: 6789: 6764: 6736: 6715: 6694: 6673: 6652: 6631: 6612: 6607: 6601:Kulkarni (1995) 6599: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6565:Metcalfe (1855) 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6501: 6497: 6489: 6482: 6476:Sardesai (1935) 6474: 6470: 6462: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6425: 6418: 6408: 6406: 6360: 6356: 6348: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6309: 6302: 6298: 6290: 6286: 6278: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6219:Sardesai (2002) 6217: 6213: 6206: 6192: 6188: 6181: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6017: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5969: 5965: 5958: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5923:. p. 104. 5911: 5907: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5844:. p. 191. 5834: 5830: 5823: 5815:. p. 333. 5797: 5793: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5761: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5737: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5651: 5647: 5639: 5632: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5563: 5559: 5549:Naravane (2006) 5547: 5543: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5508: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5484: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5445: 5441: 5422: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5390: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5266: 5262: 5255: 5251: 5243: 5236: 5224: 5220: 5213: 5201:. Vol. 1. 5193: 5189: 5170: 5166: 5152: 5148: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5106: 5102: 5096:Farooqui (2011) 5094: 5087: 5079: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5026: 5015: 5007: 5000: 4994:Marshall (2006) 4992: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4849: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4737:Richards (1995) 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4701:Richards (1995) 4699: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4629:Ramusack (2004) 4627: 4623: 4615: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4583: 4579: 4566: 4562: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4500: 4496: 4467:(5): 988–1009. 4453: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4408: 4400: 4393: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4327: 4323: 4312: 4296: 4292: 4269: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4175: 4159: 4155: 4149:Maratha Empire. 4114: 4110: 4075: 4071: 4064: 4048: 4041: 4026: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3960: 3956: 3948: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3892:Hatalkar (1958) 3890: 3886: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3787: 3780: 3750: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3699: 3606: 3544: 3507: 3462: 3449: 3436: 3423: 3390: 3385: 3379: 3372: 3315: 3264: 3262:Afghan accounts 3218: 3139: 3131:Main articles: 3129: 3084:by the British 2887: 2882: 2686:Except for the 2660: 2597:of present-day 2539:as well as the 2529:Nawab of Bengal 2491:in the west to 2473: 2319: 2271:princely states 2203:Battle of Poona 2136: 2126: 2001: 1987: 1971:Battle of Patan 1942:leading to the 1879:Scindia Dynasty 1812:Mahadaji Shinde 1790: 1788:Confederacy era 1768:of present-day 1682:Najib ad-Dawlah 1640:Vakil-ul-Mutlak 1635:Vakil-ul-Mutlak 1626:Mahadaji Shinde 1544: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1466: 1402:Battle of Delhi 1383:Nawab of Bengal 1298:Battle of Vasai 1215:Rafi ud-Darajat 1167: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1159:palace fort in 1153: 1152: 1151: 1143: 1142: 1131: 1095:Raghoji Bhonsle 916: 911: 887: 840:Bombay Province 820:House of Holkar 785:prime ministers 719:Maratha Kingdom 684:tributary state 613: 588: 574: 505: 495: 482: 469: 452: 447: 433: 420: 378: 366: 355:Moropant Pingle 351: 318: 303: 268: 253: 249: 245: 243:State religion: 234: 207: 203: 202: 188: 176: 158: 142: 139:Mahādēv (Shiva) 129:Har Har Mahādēv 126: 117: 116: 115: 109: 101: 100: 97: 79: 76: 75: 62: 46: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10718: 10708: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10642: 10641: 10629: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10602: 10601: 10600: 10595: 10586: 10584: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10538: 10536: 10532: 10531: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10503: 10502: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10446: 10445: 10440: 10430: 10425: 10419: 10417: 10408: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10375: 10370: 10369: 10368: 10358: 10353: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10331: 10326: 10325: 10324: 10319: 10309: 10308: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10277: 10276: 10275: 10270: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10244: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10206: 10196: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10184: 10174: 10173: 10172: 10167: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10140: 10135: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10103: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10057: 10055: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9988: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9878: 9877: 9872: 9862: 9861: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9785: 9784: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9706: 9705: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9615: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9573: 9572: 9571: 9566: 9556: 9555: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9529: 9524: 9523: 9522: 9512: 9511: 9510: 9505: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9461: 9459: 9457:Post-classical 9453: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9447: 9437: 9432: 9431: 9430: 9425: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9403: 9402: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9355: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9329: 9328: 9327: 9322: 9312: 9307: 9306: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9264: 9263: 9258: 9256:Middle Kingdom 9253: 9243: 9238: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9212:Neo-Babylonian 9209: 9204: 9202:Old Babylonian 9194: 9193: 9192: 9187: 9177: 9172: 9166: 9164: 9152: 9151: 9144: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9121: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9108: 9102: 9100: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9009:British Empire 9006: 9004:Durrani Empire 9001: 8996: 8991: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8714:Raigarh (1689) 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8650: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8612: 8610: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8590:Umabai Dabhade 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8516: 8514: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8486: 8484:Pralhad Niraji 8481: 8475: 8473: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8383: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8330: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8309: 8308: 8301: 8294: 8286: 8279: 8278: 8271: 8266: 8251: 8245: 8230: 8219: 8213: 8198: 8157: 8151: 8136: 8131: 8116: 8098: 8082: 8072:. p. 63. 8065: 8051: 8045: 8030: 8024: 8009: 7998: 7992: 7977: 7971: 7956: 7950: 7936: 7930: 7915: 7909: 7894: 7887: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7833: 7812: 7794: 7788: 7773: 7753:(2): 219–229. 7738: 7732: 7717: 7711: 7696: 7690: 7675: 7669: 7654: 7635: 7629: 7614: 7608: 7593: 7587: 7572: 7566: 7548: 7542: 7524: 7510: 7504: 7491: 7489:. Vol. 2. 7480: 7474: 7459: 7453: 7438: 7432: 7417: 7411: 7396: 7390: 7375: 7369: 7354: 7348: 7326: 7320: 7305: 7279:(2): 221–235. 7268: 7262: 7247: 7233: 7227: 7212: 7206: 7191: 7185: 7165: 7154: 7148: 7133: 7122: 7116: 7094: 7076: 7065: 7059: 7044: 7038: 7023: 7017: 7002: 6991: 6972: 6966: 6951: 6945: 6924: 6918: 6903: 6894: 6883: 6877: 6862: 6856: 6838: 6832: 6817: 6811: 6793: 6787: 6768: 6762: 6740: 6734: 6719: 6713: 6698: 6692: 6677: 6671: 6656: 6650: 6635: 6629: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6593: 6581: 6569: 6557: 6495: 6480: 6468: 6466:, p. 213. 6456: 6454:, p. 245. 6444: 6437: 6416: 6354: 6342: 6330: 6318: 6307: 6296: 6294:, p. 512. 6284: 6272: 6260: 6258:, p. 116. 6248: 6223: 6211: 6204: 6186: 6179: 6161: 6154: 6136: 6129: 6111: 6104: 6086: 6079: 6061: 6054: 6036: 6029: 6011: 6009:, p. 103. 5999: 5987: 5975: 5973:, p. 556. 5971:Lindsay (1967) 5963: 5956: 5936: 5929: 5905: 5888: 5881: 5857: 5850: 5828: 5821: 5791: 5779: 5777:, p. 121. 5767: 5755: 5743: 5741:, p. 300. 5739:Prakash (2002) 5731: 5719: 5689: 5675: 5645: 5630: 5618: 5616:, p. 359. 5606: 5594: 5592:, p. 358. 5582: 5570: 5557: 5541: 5529: 5522: 5502: 5490: 5475: 5463: 5451: 5449:, p. 106. 5439: 5416: 5396: 5381: 5367: 5347: 5335: 5323: 5321:, p. 238. 5319:Sampath (2008) 5311: 5299: 5287: 5260: 5249: 5247:, p. 158. 5245:Stewart (1993) 5234: 5218: 5211: 5187: 5182:Orient Longman 5164: 5146: 5129: 5117: 5100: 5098:, p. 334. 5085: 5068: 5066:, p. 458. 5056: 5054:, p. 274. 5044: 5042:, p. 140. 5032: 5028:Agrawal (1983) 5013: 4998: 4981: 4979:, p. 253. 4969: 4957: 4942: 4940:, p. 202. 4930: 4918: 4906: 4891: 4879: 4877:, p. 117. 4867: 4865:, p. 132. 4855: 4843: 4831: 4827:Agrawal (1983) 4819: 4804: 4792: 4780: 4768: 4753: 4741: 4739:, p. 223. 4729: 4717: 4705: 4693: 4681: 4669: 4657: 4655:, p. 112. 4653:Gokhale (1988) 4645: 4633: 4621: 4606: 4604:, p. 204. 4594: 4577: 4560: 4553: 4533: 4514:(3): 209–234. 4494: 4447: 4435: 4423: 4419:Pearson (1976) 4406: 4402:Jackson (2005) 4391: 4375: 4368: 4348: 4341: 4321: 4310: 4290: 4263: 4251: 4230: 4216: 4196: 4184: 4173: 4153: 4108: 4069: 4062: 4039: 4024: 4004: 3997: 3979: 3972: 3954: 3952:, p. 223. 3939: 3925: 3905: 3896: 3884: 3877: 3857: 3850: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3710: 3708:Maratha titles 3705: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3679: 3670: 3665: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3616: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3567:Balaji Bajirao 3564: 3558: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3470: 3469: 3456: 3443: 3430: 3410: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3370: 3314: 3311: 3292:Durrani Empire 3263: 3260: 3216: 3128: 3125: 3100:foreign policy 3082:British Empire 3049: 3048: 3032: 3022: 3012: 3002: 2990: 2978: 2966: 2950: 2947:Prime Minister 2886: 2885:Administration 2883: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2859: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2843:Raja of Satara 2835: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2803: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2776: 2769: 2765: 2764: 2750:in advocating 2738: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2716: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2684: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2659: 2656: 2537:Nawab of Arcot 2533:Nawab of Sindh 2487:in the south, 2472: 2469: 2447:Nana Phadnavis 2318: 2315: 2306:Nassak Diamond 2291:Percival Spear 2125: 2122: 2108:(based in the 2072:Shankaracharya 2057:Shankaracharya 2048:Shankaracharya 1986: 1983: 1884:Vakil-i-Mutlaq 1789: 1786: 1678:Shuja-ud-Daula 1579:Raja Suraj Mal 1549:called on the 1539: 1538: 1533: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1453:Balaji Bajirao 1368:western Bengal 1360:western Bengal 1329:Nawab of Arcot 1321:Balaji Bajirao 1181:c.18th century 1155: 1154: 1145: 1144: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1072:Bahadur Shah I 1054:A portrait of 1033:Dhanaji Jadhav 930:A portrait of 915: 912: 910: 907: 903:Marathi people 886: 883: 832:Raja of Nagpur 824:Raja of Ujjain 816:Raja of Indore 808:Raja of Baroda 802:(now Pune) in 731:Deccan Plateau 692:Mughal emperor 680:Bahadur Shah I 665:Maratha states 646:Maratha Empire 636: 635: 630: 626: 625: 622: 621: 618: 617: 610: 601: 598: 597: 592: 584: 583: 578: 566: 565: 560: 550: 549: 531: 527: 526: 523: 519: 518: 514: 513: 510: 509: 506: 503: 500: 499: 496: 490: 487: 486: 485:7 January 1738 483: 477: 474: 473: 470: 465:as hereditary 460: 457: 456: 453: 449:Bahadur Shah I 441: 438: 437: 434: 428: 425: 424: 421: 415: 412: 411: 408: 407: 404: 400: 399: 394: 390: 389: 386: 385: 379: 376: 373: 372: 367: 361: 358: 357: 352: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 325: 324: 319: 313: 310: 309: 304: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 281: 280: 262: 258: 257: 240: 236: 235: 233: 232: 226: 219: 217: 213: 212: 205:Peshwa's seat: 201: 200: 194: 182: 169: 164: 160: 159: 152: 144: 143: 137:: "Praises to 132: 125:"हर हर महादेव" 119: 118: 111:Royal Seal of 110: 103: 102: 98: 91: 90: 89: 86: 85: 81: 80: 77:Maratha Empire 73: 64: 63: 60: 48:Maratha Empire 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10717: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10652: 10650: 10640: 10630: 10628: 10618: 10617: 10614: 10599: 10598:Soviet empire 10596: 10594: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10583:Miscellaneous 10581: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10548: 10545: 10544: 10543: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10533: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10435: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10412: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10380: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10336: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10310: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10278: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10265: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10214: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10182:German Empire 10180: 10179: 10178: 10175: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10050: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9924: 9923: 9922:Turco-Persian 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9863: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9830: 9829: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9790: 9789: 9786: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9763: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9710: 9707: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9683: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9574: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9561: 9560: 9557: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9516: 9513: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9454: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9420: 9419: 9416: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9404: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9371: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9248: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9198: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9142: 9137: 9135: 9130: 9128: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9097: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9070:Shaniwar Wada 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8999:Mughal Empire 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8980: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8872:Bahadur Benda 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8827:Rakshasbhuvan 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8494: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8376: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8307: 8302: 8300: 8295: 8293: 8288: 8287: 8284: 8276: 8273:Wink, Andre. 8272: 8269: 8263: 8259: 8258: 8252: 8248: 8242: 8238: 8237: 8231: 8227: 8226: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8206: 8205: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8137: 8134: 8128: 8124: 8123: 8117: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8066: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8038: 8037: 8031: 8027: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8010: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7923: 7922: 7916: 7912: 7906: 7902: 7901: 7895: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7843: 7842: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7813: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7801: 7795: 7791: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7739: 7735: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7697: 7693: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7615: 7611: 7605: 7601: 7600: 7594: 7590: 7584: 7581:. Routledge. 7580: 7579: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7534: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7501: 7497: 7492: 7488: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7460: 7456: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7439: 7435: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7269: 7265: 7263:81-237-0647-2 7259: 7255: 7254: 7248: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7221:. Routledge. 7220: 7219: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7192: 7188: 7186:9780001921498 7182: 7177: 7176: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7141: 7140: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7123: 7119: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7072: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7053:. NYU Press. 7052: 7051: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7031: 7030: 7024: 7020: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7003: 6999: 6998: 6992: 6980: 6979: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6938: 6933: 6932: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6911: 6910: 6904: 6900: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6870: 6869: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6731: 6727: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6685: 6684: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6657: 6653: 6651:0-8032-1344-1 6647: 6643: 6642: 6636: 6632: 6630:81-208-2326-5 6626: 6622: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6603:, p. 21. 6602: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6578: 6573: 6566: 6561: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6499: 6493:, p. 85. 6492: 6487: 6485: 6477: 6472: 6465: 6460: 6453: 6452:Sarkar (1950) 6448: 6440: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6421: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6352:, p. 10. 6351: 6350:Kantak (1993) 6346: 6340:, p. 43. 6339: 6334: 6328:, p. 28. 6327: 6322: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6300: 6293: 6288: 6281: 6276: 6270:, p. 93. 6269: 6264: 6257: 6252: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6220: 6215: 6207: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6157: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6132: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6107: 6101: 6097: 6090: 6082: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6040: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6008: 6003: 5997:, p. 13. 5996: 5991: 5985:, p. 97. 5984: 5979: 5972: 5967: 5959: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5940: 5932: 5926: 5922: 5921:Seagull Books 5919:. New Delhi: 5918: 5917: 5909: 5901: 5900: 5892: 5884: 5878: 5874: 5871:. New Delhi: 5870: 5869: 5861: 5853: 5847: 5843: 5840:. New Delhi: 5839: 5832: 5824: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5804: 5795: 5789:, p. 77. 5788: 5783: 5776: 5771: 5765:, p. 30. 5764: 5759: 5753:, p. 64. 5752: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5729:, p. 28. 5728: 5727:Capper (1997) 5723: 5707: 5703: 5701: 5693: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5661:. Routledge. 5660: 5656: 5649: 5643:, p. 69. 5642: 5641:Cooper (2003) 5637: 5635: 5627: 5626:Cooper (2003) 5622: 5615: 5610: 5603: 5598: 5591: 5586: 5580:, p. 502 5579: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5561: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5538: 5533: 5525: 5523:9781139055666 5519: 5515: 5514: 5506: 5500:, p. 91. 5499: 5494: 5487: 5482: 5480: 5472: 5471:Sarkar (1994) 5467: 5460: 5455: 5448: 5447:Rathod (1994) 5443: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5420: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5400: 5394:, p. 13. 5393: 5388: 5386: 5370: 5368:9788131732021 5364: 5360: 5359: 5351: 5344: 5339: 5333:, p. 30. 5332: 5331:Rathod (1994) 5327: 5320: 5315: 5309:, p. 95. 5308: 5307:Rathod (1994) 5303: 5297:, p. 13. 5296: 5295:Mittal (1986) 5291: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5264: 5258: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5239: 5231: 5230: 5222: 5214: 5212:9788171545780 5208: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5142: 5141: 5133: 5126: 5121: 5113: 5112: 5104: 5097: 5092: 5090: 5082: 5081:Rathod (1994) 5077: 5075: 5073: 5065: 5060: 5053: 5048: 5041: 5036: 5030:, p. 26. 5029: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5010: 5005: 5003: 4996:, p. 72. 4995: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4978: 4973: 4966: 4965:Sarkar (1991) 4961: 4955:, p. 15. 4954: 4949: 4947: 4939: 4934: 4928:, p. 13. 4927: 4922: 4916:, p. 23. 4915: 4910: 4903: 4898: 4896: 4889:, p. 12. 4888: 4883: 4876: 4871: 4864: 4859: 4852: 4847: 4840: 4835: 4828: 4823: 4817:, p. 12. 4816: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4784: 4778:, p. 81. 4777: 4772: 4766:, p. 11. 4765: 4760: 4758: 4750: 4745: 4738: 4733: 4727:, p. 50. 4726: 4721: 4714: 4709: 4703:, p. 12. 4702: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4679:, p. 18. 4678: 4677:Kantak (1993) 4673: 4666: 4665:Vartak (1999) 4661: 4654: 4649: 4643:, p. 25. 4642: 4637: 4631:, p. 35. 4630: 4625: 4619:, p. 16. 4618: 4613: 4611: 4603: 4598: 4590: 4589: 4581: 4573: 4572: 4564: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4439: 4432: 4431:Capper (1997) 4427: 4420: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4404:, p. 38. 4403: 4398: 4396: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4371: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4325: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4255: 4248: 4243: 4242: 4234: 4219: 4217:9781343884571 4213: 4209: 4208: 4200: 4194:, p. 24. 4193: 4192:Kantak (1993) 4188: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4167:. Routledge. 4166: 4165: 4157: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4046: 4044: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4008: 4000: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3944: 3928: 3926:9781343884571 3922: 3918: 3917: 3909: 3900: 3893: 3888: 3880: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3861: 3853: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3810: 3801: 3793: 3785: 3784: 3774: 3742: 3738: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3460: 3457: 3447: 3444: 3434: 3431: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3376: 3369: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3357:martial races 3354: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3328: 3319: 3309: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240:Kanhoji Angre 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3187:Nana Fadnavis 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3019:Chief Justice 3016: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2914: 2907: 2902: 2895: 2891: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2696:Konkan region 2693: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2648:Uttar Pradesh 2645: 2640: 2638: 2635:, the son of 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2599:Uttar Pradesh 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2521:Nawab of Oudh 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2454:disguised as 2453: 2448: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2346:In 1763, the 2344: 2341: 2338:and, through 2337: 2336:Tukoji Holkar 2333: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2255:Uttar Pradesh 2252: 2248: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2158:In 1775, the 2153: 2149: 2148:Vadgaon Maval 2145: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1905:British India 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1868:Chhatar Singh 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1785: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770:Uttar Pradesh 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:Amrohi Sayyid 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1644:Amir-ul-Amara 1641: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1611:Krishna River 1607: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1555:Nawab of Oudh 1552: 1548: 1530: 1518: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1394:Raghunath Rao 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1364:Hooghly River 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1344:Trichinopolly 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195:Kanhoji Angre 1193:in 1714 with 1192: 1188: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1162: 1158: 1157:Shaniwar Wada 1149: 1140: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1046: 1043:. His widow, 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 997: 995: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 965: 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 933: 928: 920: 906: 904: 900: 895: 892: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 804:western India 801: 796: 794: 793:Afghan Empire 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 742: 740: 736: 733:(present-day 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 651: 647: 643: 634: 631: 629:Today part of 627: 611: 609: 606: 605: 602: 596: 593: 586: 585: 582: 581:Mughal Empire 579: 572: 571: 568: 567: 564: 561: 559: 556: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 511: 507: 501: 497: 494: 488: 484: 481: 475: 471: 468: 464: 458: 455:3 August 1707 454: 450: 445: 439: 435: 432: 426: 422: 419: 413: 409: 405: 401: 398: 397:Ashta Pradhan 395: 391: 387: 383: 380: 374: 371: 368: 359: 356: 353: 344: 340: 336: 334: 330: 326: 323: 320: 311: 308: 305: 296: 292: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 271: 266: 263: 259: 256: 252: 248: 244: 241: 237: 230: 227: 224: 221: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 198: 195: 191: 186: 183: 179: 174: 171: 170: 168: 165: 161: 156: 150: 145: 140: 136: 130: 124: 120: 114: 107: 95: 87: 82: 71: 68: 58: 56: 55: 51: 49: 41: 32: 31: 19: 10695:Hindu states 10349:Contemporary 10199:Indo-Persian 10187:Nazi Germany 10131:Contemporary 10033:Vijayanagara 9932:Great Seljuk 9843:Thessalonica 9771:Golden Horde 9411:Carthaginian 9190:Neo-Assyrian 9175:Neo-Sumerian 8492: 8432:Raghunathrao 8369:Pratap Singh 8326:Chhatrapatis 8317: 8274: 8256: 8235: 8224: 8203: 8169: 8165: 8141: 8121: 8103: 8086: 8069: 8059: 8035: 8014: 8001: 7982: 7961: 7940: 7920: 7899: 7890: 7850: 7846: 7820: 7816: 7799: 7778: 7750: 7746: 7722: 7701: 7680: 7659: 7644: 7619: 7598: 7577: 7556: 7532: 7518: 7495: 7485: 7464: 7443: 7422: 7401: 7380: 7359: 7334: 7310: 7276: 7272: 7252: 7241: 7217: 7196: 7174: 7159: 7142:. Sterling. 7138: 7127: 7102: 7084: 7070: 7049: 7028: 7007: 6996: 6983:. Retrieved 6977: 6956: 6930: 6908: 6898: 6888: 6867: 6846: 6822: 6801: 6773: 6748: 6724: 6703: 6682: 6661: 6640: 6619: 6610:Bibliography 6596: 6584: 6577:Nehru (1946) 6572: 6560: 6548:. Retrieved 6512: 6508: 6498: 6471: 6464:Singh (2011) 6459: 6447: 6428: 6407:. Retrieved 6371: 6367: 6357: 6345: 6333: 6326:Bhave (2000) 6321: 6310: 6299: 6287: 6275: 6268:Singh (1998) 6263: 6251: 6239:. Retrieved 6235: 6226: 6214: 6195: 6189: 6170: 6164: 6145: 6139: 6120: 6114: 6095: 6089: 6070: 6064: 6045: 6039: 6020: 6014: 6002: 5990: 5978: 5966: 5946: 5939: 5915: 5908: 5898: 5891: 5867: 5860: 5837: 5831: 5805:'s Dominions 5800: 5794: 5787:Black (2006) 5782: 5770: 5758: 5751:Nayar (2008) 5746: 5734: 5722: 5710:. Retrieved 5699: 5692: 5680:. Retrieved 5658: 5648: 5621: 5614:Hasan (2005) 5609: 5601: 5597: 5590:Hasan (2005) 5585: 5573: 5565: 5560: 5544: 5537:Hasan (2005) 5532: 5512: 5505: 5498:Barua (2005) 5493: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5434: 5429: 5419: 5409: 5399: 5372:. Retrieved 5357: 5350: 5338: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5290: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5252: 5228: 5221: 5197: 5190: 5173: 5167: 5158: 5149: 5139: 5132: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5103: 5083:, p. 8. 5064:Mehta (2005) 5059: 5052:Mehta (2005) 5047: 5040:Mehta (2005) 5035: 4972: 4960: 4938:Mehta (2005) 4933: 4921: 4909: 4882: 4875:Mehta (2005) 4870: 4858: 4846: 4839:Mehta (2005) 4834: 4822: 4800:Mehta (2005) 4795: 4788:Mehta (2005) 4783: 4776:Mehta (2005) 4771: 4749:Mehta (2005) 4744: 4732: 4725:Mehta (2005) 4720: 4713:Mehta (2005) 4708: 4696: 4689:Mehta (2005) 4684: 4672: 4660: 4648: 4641:Jones (1974) 4636: 4624: 4602:Mehta (2005) 4597: 4587: 4580: 4570: 4563: 4543: 4536: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4464: 4460: 4450: 4438: 4426: 4386: 4383:Pagdi (1993) 4378: 4358: 4351: 4331: 4324: 4315: 4300: 4293: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4254: 4245: 4240: 4233: 4221:. Retrieved 4206: 4199: 4187: 4178: 4163: 4156: 4147: 4125: 4121: 4111: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4052: 4014: 4007: 3988: 3982: 3963: 3957: 3930:. Retrieved 3915: 3908: 3899: 3887: 3867: 3860: 3840: 3833: 3809: 3800: 3741: 3722: 3675:of Jalgaon, 3585:Raghunathrao 3545: 3472: 3471: 3459:Pratap Singh 3412: 3411: 3388:Royal houses 3377:(1803–1871). 3375:Justin Sheil 3366: 3361:Justin Sheil 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3321:Maratha arms 3306: 3273: 3256: 3224:Maratha Navy 3221: 3195:Jose Antonio 3143:Maratha Army 3140: 3137:Maratha Army 3133:Maratha Navy 3117:Mughal Naval 3114: 3109: 3097: 3090: 3078: 3073: 3070:Maratha Army 3066: 3060: 3059:, the other 3056: 3052: 3050: 3034: 3024: 3015:Nyayadhyaksh 3014: 3004: 2992: 2980: 2968: 2958: 2952: 2942: 2936: 2925: 2922:Ashtapradhan 2919: 2869:(1853), and 2745: 2742:Chenab River 2646:and much of 2641: 2610: 2602: 2580: 2544: 2474: 2430:Javji Bamble 2407:troops from 2389: 2376:Maratha army 2351:Raghunathrao 2345: 2327:Javji Bamble 2320: 2311:John Malcolm 2304:. The famed 2302:Sutlej River 2299: 2287: 2244: 2223: 2192: 2187:Madhavrao II 2175: 2164:Raghunathrao 2157: 2103: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2081: 2056: 2046: 2035: 2029: 2016: 2002: 1955:Ghulam Kadir 1948: 1928:Shah Alam II 1909: 1897:Sutlej River 1882: 1876: 1844: 1836:Madhavrao II 1831: 1817: 1782: 1778:Shah Alam II 1740: 1728: 1704:Shah Alam II 1702: 1662: 1656: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1630:Shah Alam II 1623: 1603: 1576: 1563:Maratha Army 1545: 1498: 1471: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1424: 1422: 1391: 1372: 1341: 1333:Chanda Sahib 1318: 1314:Chimaji Appa 1267: 1223:Sardeshmukhi 1211:Farrukhsiyar 1190: 1184: 1092: 1065: 1023:and then to 1018: 1001:Sangameshwar 998: 966: 962: 936: 896: 888: 885:Nomenclature 848: 797: 774: 743: 718: 708: 650:early modern 645: 641: 639: 563:Succeeded by 562: 557: 322:Pratap Singh 250: 242: 204: 189: 187:(1691–1698, 177: 175:(1674–1708, 166: 123:Motto: 122: 67: 45: 43: 10680:Maharashtra 9937:Khwarezmian 9870:Carolingian 9675:Rashtrakuta 9379:Shaishunaga 9278:Hellenistic 9261:New Kingdom 9251:Old Kingdom 8982:Adversaries 8917:Farrukhabad 8867:Gajendragad 8817:3rd Panipat 8784:Katwa (2nd) 8774:Katwa (1st) 8664:Pavan Khind 8457:Bhat family 8442:Baji Rao II 8427:Narayan Rao 7650:John Murray 7179:. Collins. 6282:, p. . 6241:5 September 5276:: 403–419. 4089:(1): 1–40. 3691:Vinchurkars 3668:Patwardhans 3597:Baji Rao II 3563:(1720–1740) 3557:(1713–1720) 3537:(1711–1713) 3531:(1708–1711) 3525:(1689–1708) 3519:(1683–1689) 3513:(1657–1683) 3498:Shivaji III 3492:Sambhaji II 3488:(1700–1714) 3408:(1670–1700) 3402:(1657–1689) 3396:(1630–1680) 3349:Norman Gash 3325:Similarly, 3248:Gingee Fort 3244:Maharashtra 3228:Indian Navy 3191:Baji Rao II 3179:Abyssinians 3151:Maharashtra 3029:High Priest 2943:Pantpradhan 2811:Baji Rao II 2671:Background 2517:Tipu Sultan 2267:British Raj 2238:during the 2226:British Raj 2199:Baji Rao II 2061:Tipu Sultan 2059:petitioned 2005:Tipu Sultan 1901:Gerard Lake 1860:Tungabhadra 1856:Tipu Sultan 1824:Madhavrao I 1673:Zabita Khan 1606:Madhavrao I 1467: 1750 1084:Chhatrapati 1006:Kavi Kalash 958:Chhatrapati 877:(1737), to 867:Maharashtra 851:Baji Rao II 766:non-Muslims 735:Maharashtra 715:Maharashtra 558:Preceded by 431:Deccan Wars 423:6 June 1674 393:Legislature 370:Baji Rao II 285:Chhatrapati 279:(1731–1818) 267:(1674–1731) 231:(religious) 211:(1728–1818) 199:(1708–1818) 167:Royal seat: 59:do not move 10649:Categories 10507:Portuguese 10388:Revival Le 10378:Vietnamese 10021:Later Tran 9991:Vietnamese 9887:Singhasari 9875:Holy Roman 9499:Bulgarian 9435:Satavahana 9406:Phoenician 9342:Achaemenid 9303:Indo-Greek 9283:Macedonian 9197:Babylonian 9080:Sindhudurg 8994:Qutb Shahi 8989:Adil Shahi 8704:Bhupalgarh 8669:Umberkhind 8654:Pratapgarh 8560:Parvatibai 8550:Lakshmibai 8493:hereditary 8471:Pratinidhi 8452:Nana Sahib 8412:Baji Rao I 8359:Rajaram II 7853:(4): 577. 7663:. Lancer. 6491:Lee (2011) 6429:Wellington 6280:Kar (1980) 6007:Roy (2011) 5995:Sen (2006) 5551:, p. 5343:Sen (2010) 5009:Roy (2004) 4953:Sen (2010) 4926:Sen (2010) 4914:Sen (2010) 4902:Sen (2006) 4887:Sen (2006) 4851:Mehta 2005 4815:Sen (2010) 4764:Sen (2010) 4617:Sen (2010) 4443:Sen (2010) 4259:Mehta 2005 3821:References 3486:Shivaji II 3252:Tamil Nadu 3057:Nyayadisha 2633:Timur Shah 2587:Rohilkhand 2583:Safdarjung 2443:Aurangabad 2317:Rebellions 2176:status quo 2032:irregulars 1951:Ismail Beg 1758:Rohilkhand 1717:Najaf Khan 1652:Rohilkhand 1502:Vishwasrao 1457:Chatrapati 1362:up to the 1304:rulers of 1302:Portuguese 1270:Baji Rao I 1129:Peshwa era 977:Portuguese 830:, and the 768:, and the 764:estranged 382:Nana Saheb 277:figurehead 261:Government 10500:Couronian 10138:Ethiopian 10126:Manchukuo 10081:Brazilian 9927:Ghaznavid 9897:Srivijaya 9848:Trebizond 9833:Byzantine 9815:North Sea 9810:Norwegian 9798:Almoravid 9781:Ilkhanate 9751:Majapahit 9724:Muromachi 9633:Solomonic 9618:Ethiopian 9532:Caliphate 9465:Aragonese 9293:Ptolemaic 9050:Pratapgad 8922:Bharatpur 8902:3rd Delhi 8804:2nd Delhi 8585:Soyarabai 8580:Sakvarbai 8565:Putalabai 8530:Gopikabai 8525:Anandibai 8447:Amrut Rao 8344:Rajaram I 8186:0026-749X 8145:. Brill. 8095:483944794 7893:(1974–75) 7883:161932929 7867:0021-9118 7769:1076-156X 7301:162482005 7082:(1951b). 6545:153841517 6529:0707-5332 6404:153841517 6388:0707-5332 5809:New Delhi 5682:30 August 4528:0014-4983 4489:221060782 4481:0959-2318 4279:(1): 44. 4144:1568-5209 4103:1469-8099 3826:Citations 3730:Brahmins. 3728:Chitpavan 3682:Newalkars 3650:Thanjavur 3406:Rajaram I 3199:Fransisco 3088:in 1818. 3053:Panditrao 3025:Panditrao 2975:Secretary 2894:Pratapgad 2652:Scindhias 2612:Subahdari 2569:Rajputana 2513:Hyder Ali 2501:Rajputana 2485:Hyderabad 2471:Geography 2434:Mansabdar 2385:Madhavrao 2355:Purandare 2193:In 1799, 2030:In 1791, 2021:Hyder Ali 1916:Fatehabad 1891:in 1806, 1828:jagirdars 1750:Hyder Ali 1615:Hyder Ali 1599:Suraj Mal 1583:Bharatpur 1494:Suraj Mal 1337:Rajputana 1286:Bajirao I 1262:Rajputana 1175:Bajirao I 1058:, son of 1021:Vishalgad 1014:Burhanpur 989:Aurangzeb 932:Shivaji I 723:Bajirao I 648:, was an 436:1680–1707 307:Shivaji I 273:oligarchy 239:Religion 113:Shivaji I 84:1674–1818 57:. Please 10480:Japanese 10443:Scottish 10423:American 10415:Colonial 10344:Imperial 10312:Moroccan 10248:Japanese 10226:Afsharid 10085:Burmese 10071:Austrian 10026:Later Le 10001:Early Le 9986:Venetian 9912:Tiwanaku 9825:Hellenic 9788:Moroccan 9719:Kamakura 9709:Japanese 9692:Saffarid 9645:Georgian 9559:Chalukya 9537:Rashidun 9527:Calakmul 9495:Bruneian 9374:Haryanka 9352:Sasanian 9347:Parthian 9298:Bactrian 9288:Seleucid 9268:Goguryeo 9246:Egyptian 9180:Assyrian 9170:Akkadian 9161:Colonies 9075:Shivneri 9055:Purandar 8937:Mahidpur 8932:Koregaon 8882:Chaksana 8837:Pachgaon 8813:Peshawar 8754:Mandsaur 8689:Sinhagad 8684:Purandar 8659:Kolhapur 8595:Baka Bai 8545:Kashibai 8535:Jankibai 8364:Shahu II 8339:Sambhaji 8194:46532338 8113:53790277 8078:59302060 8057:(1951). 7642:(1856). 7554:(1994). 7530:(1991). 7516:(1950). 7332:(2004). 7239:(1946). 7171:(1972). 7100:(2006). 6985:9 August 6844:(1988). 6746:(2006). 6537:40105953 6396:40105953 5706:Archived 5427:(1859). 5407:(1837). 5282:44145479 5157:(1995). 4285:42931051 4034:46433686 3697:See also 3677:Aradgaon 3646:Bhonsles 3637:Bhonsles 3628:Gaekwads 3619:Scindias 3473:Kolhapur 3446:Shahu II 3433:Ramaraja 3400:Sambhaji 3371:— 3276:infantry 3183:Pashtuns 3175:Rohillas 3127:Military 3074:de facto 3061:pradhans 2994:Senapati 2959:Mazumdar 2930:Sanskrit 2873:(1854). 2762:(1782). 2719:Sambhaji 2535:and the 2452:Brahmins 2425:Deshmukh 2380:Subedars 2371:Sinhagad 2367:Purandar 2340:Holkar's 2259:Kolhapur 2083:crying). 2069:Sringeri 2044:Sringeri 2040:pindaris 2007:and his 1832:de facto 1648:Rohillas 1553:and the 1551:Rohillas 1429:Red Fort 1418:Peshawar 1199:Marathas 1076:Kolhapur 1056:Sambhaji 1041:Sinhagad 994:Golconda 969:Sambhaji 752:and the 696:suzerain 530:Currency 247:Hinduism 229:Sanskrit 190:de facto 18:Marathas 10627:History 10613:Portals 10547:largest 10542:Empires 10522:Swedish 10517:Spanish 10512:Russian 10475:Italian 10450:Chinese 10438:English 10433:British 10428:Belgian 10403:Vietnam 10393:Tay son 10339:Tsarist 10334:Russian 10329:Ottoman 10295:Dzungar 10290:Khoshut 10263:Mexican 10258:Maratha 10241:Pahlavi 10221:Safavid 10216:Iranian 10143:Haitian 10106:Chinese 10066:Ashanti 10038:Wagadou 9964:Eastern 9959:Western 9942:Timurid 9902:Tibetan 9892:Songhai 9882:Serbian 9803:Almohad 9793:Idrisid 9697:Samanid 9687:Tahirid 9682:Iranian 9660:Kannauj 9640:Genoese 9576:Chinese 9569:Eastern 9564:Western 9552:Fatimid 9547:Abbasid 9542:Umayyad 9515:Burmese 9475:Ayyubid 9470:Angevin 9440:Xianbei 9428:Eastern 9423:Western 9369:Magadha 9332:Iranian 9325:Xiongnu 9310:Hittite 9219:Chinese 9207:Kassite 9156:Ancient 9148:Empires 9106:Shivrai 9045:Panhala 8912:Laswari 8862:Savanur 8847:Wadgaon 8842:Saunshi 8822:Alegaon 8794:Burdwan 8744:Palkhed 8734:Raigarh 8709:Bijapur 8646:Battles 8570:Ramabai 8555:Mastani 8540:Jijabai 8379:Peshwas 8354:Shahu I 8349:Tarabai 8334:Shivaji 8006:Marathi 7875:2050934 7829:4407933 7809:2590161 7293:2053980 7253:Shivaji 6550:15 July 6409:15 July 5712:23 June 5374:21 July 4317:empire. 3673:Bhoites 3623:Gwalior 3610:Holkars 3561:Bajirao 3505:Peshwas 3480:Tarabai 3420:Shahu I 3394:Shivaji 3290:of the 3232:Shivaji 3171:Sindhis 3167:Rajputs 3155:Peshwas 3147:Shivaji 3036:Chitnis 2819:Scindia 2752:Raghoba 2701:Tanjore 2668:Expanse 2541:Polygar 2464:subedar 2405:Maratha 2359:Sarnaik 2251:Bithoor 2185:Peshwa 2065:Kannada 2036:lamaans 1963:Jodhpur 1938:to the 1924:Haryana 1864:Gwalior 1830:became 1659:Panipat 1604:Peshwa 1571:Rajputs 1486:Gaekwad 1482:Scindia 1460:Shahu I 1451:Peshwa 1427:in the 1173:Peshwa 1123:Gwalior 1119:Scindia 1117:), and 1088:Yesubai 1060:Shivaji 1045:Tarabai 973:Rajaram 942:Bhonsle 938:Shivaji 909:History 899:Maratha 871:Gwalior 834:of the 826:of the 818:of the 810:of the 781:peshwas 754:Mughals 746:Shivaji 727:Marathi 677:Emperor 671:as the 669:Shivaji 655:in the 546:Shivrai 491:• 478:• 444:Shahu I 429:• 418:Shivaji 403:History 349:(first) 301:(first) 270:Federal 223:Marathi 178:de jure 163:Capital 135:English 10485:Mongol 10470:German 10465:French 10455:Danish 10398:Dainam 10373:Tongan 10361:Somali 10356:Sokoto 10322:'Alawi 10300:Kalmyk 10280:Mongol 10273:Second 10253:Korean 10204:Mughal 10194:Indian 10177:German 10170:Second 10160:French 10153:Second 10089:Second 10061:Afghan 10053:Modern 9979:Kyrgyz 9974:Uighur 9969:Second 9949:Turkic 9917:Toltec 9853:Epirus 9838:Nicaea 9761:Mongol 9714:Yamato 9650:Huetar 9508:Second 9445:Rouran 9394:Shunga 9389:Maurya 9364:Kushan 9337:Median 9315:Hunnic 9273:Harsha 9085:Rajgad 9065:Rajgad 9060:Raigad 9040:Mangad 9024:Mysore 8927:Khadki 8907:Assaye 8892:Kharda 8877:Lalsot 8857:Badami 8799:Narela 8759:Bhopal 8729:Khelna 8724:Satara 8699:Kalyan 8694:Salher 8674:Chakan 8575:Saibai 8469:& 8467:Amatya 8264: 8243: 8211: 8192: 8184: 8149: 8129: 8111: 8093: 8076: 8043: 8022: 7990: 7969: 7948: 7928: 7907: 7881: 7873: 7865: 7827: 7807: 7786: 7767: 7730: 7709: 7688: 7667: 7627: 7606: 7585: 7564: 7540: 7502: 7472: 7451: 7430: 7409: 7388: 7367: 7346: 7318: 7299: 7291: 7260: 7225: 7204: 7183: 7146: 7114: 7057: 7036: 7015: 6964: 6943: 6916: 6875: 6854: 6830: 6809: 6785: 6760: 6732: 6711: 6690: 6669: 6648: 6627: 6543: 6535: 6527: 6435: 6402: 6394: 6386: 6202: 6177: 6152: 6127: 6102: 6077: 6052: 6027: 5954: 5927: 5879: 5848: 5819: 5673: 5520: 5365: 5280: 5209: 4551: 4526: 4487: 4479: 4366: 4339: 4308: 4283: 4223:12 May 4214: 4171: 4142: 4101: 4060: 4032: 4022: 3995: 3970: 3932:12 May 3923: 3875: 3848: 3686:Jhansi 3655:Pawars 3641:Nagpur 3632:Baroda 3614:Indore 3413:Satara 3236:Konkan 3145:under 3121:piracy 3005:Sumant 2982:Mantri 2970:Sachiv 2954:Amatya 2938:Peshwa 2871:Nagpur 2867:Jhansi 2863:Satara 2784:Kharda 2565:Odisha 2557:Bengal 2545:chauth 2527:, the 2523:, the 2519:, the 2511:under 2505:Chauth 2481:Punjab 2460:Junnar 2417:jungle 2413:rebels 2400:Peshwa 2348:Peshwa 2263:Satara 2211:Baroda 2093:rahati 2089:Bednur 2076:Mysore 2053:Sāradā 1997:, and 1959:Jaipur 1848:Bhopal 1801:states 1754:Mysore 1669:Sardar 1561:. The 1506:Deccan 1478:Holkar 1455:meets 1414:Attock 1410:Lahore 1387:Chauth 1375:Odisha 1310:Mumbai 1258:Odisha 1250:Bengal 1238:chauth 1219:Chauth 1115:Indore 1111:Holkar 1025:Gingee 985:Mysore 954:Raigad 879:Orissa 859:Second 814:, the 758:Raigad 661:Peshwa 653:polity 467:Peshwa 406: 364:(last) 337: 333:Peshwa 316:(last) 289: 251:Other: 197:Satara 173:Raigad 10639:India 10535:Lists 10490:Omani 10460:Dutch 10366:Isaaq 10317:Saadi 10285:Oirat 10268:First 10236:Qajar 10165:First 10148:First 10121:China 10094:Third 9954:First 9907:Tikal 9858:Morea 9828:Roman 9746:Latin 9741:Khmer 9736:Kanem 9702:Buyid 9628:Zagwe 9623:Aksum 9613:Chola 9520:First 9503:First 9490:Bornu 9485:Benin 9480:Aztec 9418:Roman 9399:Gupta 9384:Nanda 9320:White 9099:Coins 9090:Torna 9033:Forts 8897:Poona 8887:Patan 8852:Adoni 8764:Vasai 8749:Malwa 8739:Torna 8719:Jinji 8679:Surat 8513:Women 8190:S2CID 8008:book. 7879:S2CID 7871:JSTOR 7825:JSTOR 7297:S2CID 7289:JSTOR 6541:S2CID 6533:JSTOR 6400:S2CID 6392:JSTOR 5803:Nizam 5278:JSTOR 4485:S2CID 4281:JSTOR 3714:Notes 3659:Dewas 3548:Poona 3288:wazir 3163:Sikhs 3159:Arabs 2906:court 2851:1856 2827:1836 2795:1805 2768:1798 2730:1785 2708:1700 2676:1680 2644:Delhi 2617:Ajmer 2603:wazir 2561:Bihar 2549:Delhi 2489:Kutch 2456:Gusai 2438:Rajur 2421:Patil 2392:Kolis 2363:Kolis 2332:Nasik 2323:Kolis 2098:fanam 2034:like 1975:Nizam 1920:Sirsa 1912:Rania 1872:Gohad 1730:sanad 1492:with 1408:. In 1356:Bihar 1325:Arcot 1306:Vasai 1294:Malwa 1282:Nizam 1254:Bihar 1242:Delhi 1205:with 1203:Delhi 1103:Pawar 1068:Shahu 800:Poona 777:Shahu 704:Delhi 682:as a 633:India 548:, Hon 542:Mohur 538:Paisa 534:Rupee 209:Poona 185:Jinji 10305:Bogd 10231:Zand 10209:Sikh 10116:Qing 10111:Ming 10043:Wari 10011:Tran 9996:Dinh 9766:Yuan 9756:Mali 9665:Pala 9655:Inca 9606:Yuan 9596:Song 9591:Liao 9586:Tang 9359:Kush 9241:Dʿmt 8946:Wars 8262:ISBN 8241:ISBN 8209:ISBN 8182:ISSN 8147:ISBN 8127:ISBN 8109:OCLC 8091:OCLC 8074:OCLC 8041:ISBN 8020:ISBN 7988:ISBN 7967:ISBN 7946:ISBN 7926:ISBN 7905:ISBN 7863:ISSN 7805:OCLC 7784:ISBN 7765:ISSN 7728:ISBN 7707:ISBN 7686:ISBN 7665:ISBN 7625:ISBN 7604:ISBN 7583:ISBN 7562:ISBN 7538:ISBN 7500:ISBN 7470:ISBN 7449:ISBN 7428:ISBN 7407:ISBN 7386:ISBN 7365:ISBN 7344:ISBN 7316:ISBN 7258:ISBN 7223:ISBN 7202:ISBN 7181:ISBN 7144:ISBN 7112:ISBN 7055:ISBN 7034:ISBN 7013:ISBN 6987:2020 6962:ISBN 6941:ISBN 6914:ISBN 6873:ISBN 6852:ISBN 6828:ISBN 6807:ISBN 6783:ISBN 6758:ISBN 6730:ISBN 6709:ISBN 6688:ISBN 6667:ISBN 6646:ISBN 6625:ISBN 6552:2023 6525:ISSN 6433:ISBN 6411:2023 6384:ISSN 6243:2018 6200:ISBN 6175:ISBN 6150:ISBN 6125:ISBN 6100:ISBN 6075:ISBN 6050:ISBN 6025:ISBN 5952:ISBN 5925:ISBN 5877:ISBN 5846:ISBN 5817:ISBN 5714:2022 5684:2023 5671:ISBN 5518:ISBN 5376:2012 5363:ISBN 5207:ISBN 4549:ISBN 4524:ISSN 4477:ISSN 4364:ISBN 4337:ISBN 4306:ISBN 4225:2017 4212:ISBN 4169:ISBN 4140:ISSN 4099:ISSN 4058:ISBN 4030:OCLC 4020:ISBN 3993:ISBN 3968:ISBN 3934:2017 3921:ISBN 3873:ISBN 3846:ISBN 3779:muh- 3663:Dhar 3661:and 3373:Sir 3203:Goan 3197:and 3141:The 3135:and 3102:and 3080:the 2920:The 2805:The 2665:Year 2621:Agra 2619:and 2607:Doab 2593:and 2567:and 2553:Oudh 2515:and 2499:and 2497:Oudh 2493:Oudh 2409:Pune 2396:Otur 2369:and 2261:and 2152:Pune 2132:and 2038:and 1961:and 1918:and 1764:and 1748:and 1736:Pune 1723:and 1698:Oudh 1694:Oudh 1664:land 1596:Raja 1587:Agra 1569:and 1567:Jats 1488:and 1358:and 1260:and 1246:Oudh 1221:and 1177:and 1161:Pune 1107:Dhar 979:and 971:and 861:and 842:and 640:The 522:1760 517:Area 508:1818 99:Flag 10383:Mac 9820:Oyo 9729:Edo 9601:Jīn 9581:Sui 9234:Jin 9229:Han 9224:Qin 8174:doi 7855:doi 7755:doi 7281:doi 6517:doi 6376:doi 5663:doi 5553:175 4516:doi 4469:doi 4130:doi 4091:doi 3783:-ta 3781:RAH 3684:of 3657:of 3648:of 3639:of 3630:of 3621:of 3612:of 3282:to 3250:in 2957:or 2941:or 2782:at 2639:. 2615:of 2436:of 2394:of 2383:to 2269:as 2095:s ( 1752:of 1667:of 1581:of 1109:), 983:of 846:. 702:at 52:is 10651:: 10016:Ho 10006:Ly 8188:. 8180:. 8170:47 8168:. 8164:. 7877:. 7869:. 7861:. 7851:21 7849:. 7821:34 7819:. 7763:. 7751:12 7749:. 7745:. 7648:. 7338:. 7295:. 7287:. 7277:35 7275:. 7110:. 7106:. 6939:. 6937:25 6781:. 6777:. 6756:. 6752:. 6539:. 6531:. 6523:. 6513:11 6511:. 6507:. 6483:^ 6419:^ 6398:. 6390:. 6382:. 6372:11 6370:. 6366:. 6234:. 5811:: 5807:. 5704:. 5669:. 5633:^ 5478:^ 5384:^ 5274:64 5272:. 5237:^ 5180:, 5176:. 5088:^ 5071:^ 5016:^ 5001:^ 4984:^ 4945:^ 4894:^ 4807:^ 4756:^ 4609:^ 4522:. 4512:45 4510:. 4506:. 4483:. 4475:. 4465:31 4463:. 4459:. 4409:^ 4394:^ 4314:. 4277:38 4275:. 4177:. 4146:. 4138:. 4126:64 4124:. 4120:. 4097:. 4087:11 4085:. 4081:. 4042:^ 4028:. 3942:^ 3786:; 3764:ɑː 3550:. 3475:: 3464:r. 3451:r. 3438:r. 3425:r. 3415:: 3294:, 3209:. 3181:, 3177:, 3173:, 3169:, 3165:, 3161:, 3095:. 3039:- 3027:– 3017:– 3007:– 2997:– 2985:– 2973:– 2961:– 2945:– 2790:. 2703:. 2563:, 2559:, 2555:, 2551:, 2531:, 2150:, 2027:. 1993:, 1946:. 1914:, 1842:. 1484:, 1480:, 1464:c. 1256:, 1252:, 1248:, 1244:, 1035:, 1031:, 1016:. 905:. 822:, 544:, 540:, 536:, 141:") 131:". 10615:: 9163:) 9159:( 9140:e 9133:t 9126:v 8495:) 8491:( 8305:e 8298:t 8291:v 8249:. 8228:. 8217:. 8196:. 8176:: 8155:. 8080:. 8049:. 8028:. 7996:. 7975:. 7954:. 7934:. 7913:. 7885:. 7857:: 7831:. 7792:. 7771:. 7757:: 7736:. 7715:. 7694:. 7673:. 7652:. 7633:. 7612:. 7591:. 7570:. 7546:. 7508:. 7478:. 7457:. 7436:. 7415:. 7394:. 7373:. 7352:. 7324:. 7303:. 7283:: 7266:. 7231:. 7210:. 7189:. 7152:. 7120:. 7092:. 7063:. 7042:. 7021:. 6989:. 6970:. 6949:. 6922:. 6881:. 6860:. 6836:. 6815:. 6791:. 6766:. 6738:. 6717:. 6696:. 6675:. 6654:. 6633:. 6591:. 6579:. 6567:. 6554:. 6519:: 6441:. 6413:. 6378:: 6245:. 6221:. 6208:. 6183:. 6158:. 6133:. 6108:. 6083:. 6058:. 6033:. 5960:. 5933:. 5885:. 5854:. 5825:. 5716:. 5702:" 5686:. 5665:: 5628:. 5555:. 5526:. 5488:. 5473:. 5461:. 5284:. 5215:. 4967:. 4904:. 4715:. 4591:. 4557:. 4530:. 4518:: 4491:. 4471:: 4372:. 4345:. 4287:. 4227:. 4132:: 4105:. 4093:: 4066:. 4036:. 4001:. 3976:. 3936:. 3894:. 3881:. 3854:. 3795:) 3773:/ 3770:ə 3767:t 3761:r 3758:ˈ 3755:ə 3752:m 3749:/ 3745:( 3461:( 3455:) 3448:( 3442:) 3422:( 2924:( 2908:. 2589:( 2154:. 1799:/ 1760:( 1264:. 1121:( 1113:( 1105:( 783:( 193:) 181:) 133:( 127:" 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Maratha Confederacy

Index