182:
311.22 True stick zithers - Round sticks which happen to be hollow by chance do not belong on this account to the tube zithers, but are round-bar zithers; however, instruments in which a tubular cavity is employed as a true resonator, like the modern
Mexican harpa, are tube zithers.
70:
Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer. These instruments may have a resonator box, but removing it should not render the instrument unplayable (although it may result in quite a different sound being produced). They include the
1422:
26:
defines chordophones as all instruments in which sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points. This group includes all instruments generally called
697:
and string bearers of these instruments are physically united, and they cannot be separated without destroying the instrument. This includes most western string instruments, including lutes such as
2505:
176:
155:
149:
533:
212:
206:
1238:
1231:
285:
244:
1394:
Von
Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann".
2103:
681:
65:
1292:
The plane of the strings lies at right angles to the sound-table; a line joining the lower ends of the strings would be perpendicular to the neck. Notched bridge
1646:
2064:
723:
321.2 Yoke lutes or lyres - The strings are attached to a yoke which lies in the same plane as the sound-table and consists of two arms and a cross-bar.
1907:
1473:
2322:
1450:
2141:
504:
2297:
2108:
23:
693:
instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones. The
118:
311.112 Poly-idiochord musical bows or harp-bows - Containing several strings that pass over some type of bridge.
1058:
1507:
1443:
2134:
1085:
1459:
2168:
32:
2276:
1436:
80:
798:
2127:
1312:
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
1161:
2287:
2235:
2253:
2015:
2260:
2231:
1257:
690:
1075:
853:
112:
musical bows - The string is cut from the bark of the cane, remaining attached at each end.
2080:
1166:
1122:
1043:
2119:
259:
312.2 Half-tube zithers - The strings are stretched along the convex surface of a gutter.
8:
2479:
2302:
2189:
1946:
1156:
584:
500:
36:
2265:
1566:
1411:
943:
472:
121:
311.12 Heterochord musical bows - The string is of separate material from the bearer.
2248:
2159:
2041:
2003:
1296:
1264:
1132:
1117:
843:
604:
334:
28:
2367:
2312:
2292:
2029:
1484:
1403:
1370:
1100:
1053:
978:
588:
19:
742:
173:
311.21 Musical bow/stick - The string carrier has one rigid and one flexible end.
2317:
2243:
2035:
1615:
1602:
1148:
1095:
1070:
1038:
161:
311.122 Poly-heterochord musical bows - The bow has several heterochord strings.
124:
311.121 Mono-heterochord musical bows - The bow has one heterochord string only.
2355:
2282:
2206:
2151:
2074:
2021:
1141:
1090:
1048:
963:
883:
466:
414:
410:
302:
1105:
2499:
2464:
2402:
2307:
2211:
1825:
1639:
1538:
1186:
873:
818:
639:
629:
564:
548:
441:
349:
The string bearer is composed of canes tied together in the manner of a raft
2484:
2059:
1926:
1831:
1672:
1523:
1063:
659:
1428:
2459:
2417:
2372:
2337:
2221:
2201:
2184:
2009:
1808:
1794:
1781:
1752:
1666:
1587:
1577:
1347:
1191:
1080:
848:
759:
574:
488:
476:
447:
342:
219:
102:
84:
44:
1224:
The plane of the strings lies perpendicular to the resonator's surface.
2397:
2392:
2387:
2216:
2194:
2155:
1862:
1678:
1281:
1274:
1127:
898:
614:
494:
437:
237:
91:
1415:
823:
2439:
2377:
2332:
2270:
1902:
1887:
1592:
1468:
913:
808:
748:
717:
The plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator's surface.
694:
686:
424:
370:
128:
109:
983:
2454:
2407:
2350:
2239:
2088:
1856:
1786:
1407:
1332:
1301:
1201:
993:
958:
908:
838:
833:
803:
781:
763:
579:
544:
462:
452:
406:
312:
271:
195:
2474:
2449:
2432:
2427:
2360:
2345:
1699:
1179:
1018:
1008:
1003:
988:
968:
928:
923:
903:
775:
769:
598:
558:
554:
517:
456:
384:
380:
376:
356:
328:
306:
229:
312.1 Whole tube zithers - The string carrier is a complete tube
115:
311.111 Mono-idiochord musical bows - Containing one string only
2444:
2422:
2412:
2382:
1995:
1770:
1211:
1033:
973:
938:
888:
858:
812:
702:
698:
619:
568:
482:
420:
366:
292:
275:
233:
199:
76:
57:
2469:
1986:
1549:
1206:
1196:
1110:
1028:
1013:
998:
953:
948:
868:
863:
653:
609:
594:
537:
511:
431:
360:
322:
318:
296:
267:
191:
72:
40:
720:
321.1 Bow lutes - Each string has its own flexible carrier.
2226:
2149:
1873:
1850:
933:
893:
878:
828:
706:
263:
187:
732:
321.3 Handle lutes - The string bearer is a plain handle.
682:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel-Sachs number: 32
66:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel-Sachs number: 31
918:
1393:
2506:
Lists of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
646:
The strings are stretched across the mouth of a trough
2104:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
55:
1307:
2497:
170:311.2 Stick zithers - With rigid string carrier
666:The strings are stretched across an open frame
1265:With strings in two planes crossing each other
675:
105:- The string bearer is flexible (and curved).
2135:
1444:
1425:- University of Washington Digital Collection
35:) in the west, as well as many (but not all)
1458:
1227:322.1 Open harps - The harp has no pillar.
2142:
2128:
1451:
1437:
1244:322.2 Frame harps - The harp has a pillar
226:The string bearer is a vaulted surface.
1423:Ethnomusicology Chordophones Collection
638:
143:311.121.21 With independent resonator.
2498:
658:
394:
2123:
1432:
341:
218:
75:therefore, as well as other kinds of
282:312.21 Idiochord half-tube zithers.
146:311.121.22 With resonator attached.
90:
1287:
179:Instrument has one resonator gourd
50:
13:
1387:
14:
2517:
2109:Musical instrument classification
1247:322.21 Without tuning mechanism.
253:312.121 Without extra resonator.
250:312.12 Heterochord tube zithers.
134:311.121.11 Without tuning noose.
98:The string bearer is bar shaped.
24:musical instrument classification
391:313.2 Heterochord raft zithers.
164:311.122.1 Without tuning noose.
1253:322.212 Chromatic frame harps.
1059:Extended-range classical guitar
625:314.2 Board zither variations.
288:Heterochord half-tube zithers.
215:With several resonator gourds.
1308:Unclassified chordophones (33)
1250:322.211 Diatonic frame harps.
1219:
712:
352:313.1 Idiochord raft zithers.
256:312.122 With extra resonator.
137:311.121.12 With tuning noose.
1:
1382:
1258:With all strings in one plane
540:is part of this subdivision.
530:314.121 With resonator bowl.
399:The string bearer is a board
167:311.122.2 With tuning noose.
1086:Steel-string acoustic guitar
1024:321.322 Necked box lutes -
7:
1270:322.22 With tuning action.
676:Composite chordophones (32)
10:
2522:
1396:The Galpin Society Journal
1378:: Using a mechanical drive
794:321.321 Necked bowl lutes
788:321.313 Spike tube lutes.
679:
524:314.11 Without resonator.
402:314.1 True board zithers.
209:With one resonator gourd.
140:311.121.2 With resonator.
63:
2331:
2277:Music On A Long Thin Wire
2180:
2166:
2099:
2056:
1976:
1916:
1900:
1840:
1766:
1749:
1728:
1708:
1692:
1655:
1637:
1613:
1564:
1521:
1482:
1466:
1275:With manual tuning action
738:321.311 Spike bowl lutes
669:316.1 Without resonator.
649:315.1 Without resonator.
536:With resonator box - the
2173:Hornbostel–Sachs numbers
1402:. Galpin Society: 3–29.
1325:: Bare hands and fingers
1162:Electric-acoustic guitar
755:321.312 Spike box lutes
652:315.2 With resonator. -
247:Idiochord tube zithers.
1936:412.1. Idiophonic/reed
1460:Hornbostel–Sachs system
527:314.12 With resonator.
56:Simple chordophones or
2254:Long-string instrument
1956:412.2. Non-idiophonic
799:Angélique (instrument)
672:316.2 With resonator.
152:Without tuning noose.
635:314.22 Harp zithers.
1319:: Hammers or beaters
1167:Semi-acoustic guitar
1123:Twelve-string guitar
1044:Acoustic bass guitar
791:321.32 Necked lutes
735:321.31 Spike lutes.
37:keyboard instruments
1951:412.14. Band/Ribbon
1512:112.2. Scraped/rasp
1174:String-through body
1157:Eight-string guitar
726:321.21 Bowl lyres.
585:Épinette des Vosges
501:Tambourine de Bearn
395:Board zithers (314)
158:With tuning noose.
2261:Melde's experiment
2085:53. Radioelectric
1942:412.12. Percussive
1939:412.11. Concussive
1933:412. Interruptive
1923:411. Displacement
1076:Guitarrón mexicano
729:321.22 Box lyres.
127:311.121.1 Without
29:string instruments
2493:
2492:
2249:Longitudinal wave
2117:
2116:
2052:
2051:
1991:421.1. Non-fipple
1896:
1895:
1745:
1744:
1633:
1632:
1498:111.2. Percussion
1495:111.1. Concussion
1282:With pedal action
1133:Portuguese guitar
1118:Ten-string guitar
844:Chitarra Italiana
605:Hammered dulcimer
2513:
2313:String vibration
2144:
2137:
2130:
2121:
2120:
1962:412.21. Whirling
1959:412.21. Rotating
1914:
1913:
1764:
1763:
1738:242. Tube/vessel
1653:
1652:
1503:112. Indirectly
1480:
1479:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1361:: Using a ribbon
1288:Harp lutes (323)
1101:Resonator guitar
1054:Classical guitar
979:Tanbur (Turkish)
691:electro-acoustic
589:Vosges mountains
485:(Iranian, India)
51:Chordophones (3)
20:Hornbostel-Sachs
2521:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2398:Japanese fiddle
2336:
2327:
2318:Transverse wave
2266:Mersenne's laws
2244:String harmonic
2176:
2162:
2148:
2118:
2113:
2095:
2062:
2058:
2048:
1978:
1972:
1905:
1892:
1842:
1836:
1778:311. Bar/stick
1768:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1724:
1704:
1688:
1644:
1641:
1629:
1609:
1603:Glass harmonica
1560:
1517:
1471:
1462:
1457:
1390:
1388:Further reading
1385:
1355:: Using a wheel
1310:
1290:
1222:
1149:Electric guitar
1096:Guitar battente
1071:Flamenco guitar
1039:Acoustic guitar
715:
684:
678:
664:
644:
397:
347:
224:
96:
68:
62:
53:
12:
11:
5:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2356:Bladder fiddle
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1911:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1761:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1662:211. Directly
1659:
1657:
1650:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:122.2. Cut out
1553:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1506:112.1. Shaken/
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1492:111. Directly
1489:
1487:
1477:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1408:10.2307/842168
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1335:
1326:
1320:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1289:
1286:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1142:Russian guitar
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1091:Archtop guitar
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1051:
1049:Baroque guitar
1046:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Irish bouzouki
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
806:
801:
786:
785:
779:
773:
767:
753:
752:
746:
714:
711:
680:Main article:
677:
674:
663:
657:
643:
640:Trough zithers
637:
630:Ground zithers
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
592:
582:
577:
572:
562:
552:
522:
521:
515:
508:
505:Basque Country
498:
492:
486:
480:
470:
460:
450:
445:
435:
428:
418:
396:
393:
389:
388:
374:
364:
346:
340:
339:
338:
332:
326:
316:
310:
300:
280:
279:
242:
241:
223:
217:
204:
203:
95:
89:
64:Main article:
61:
54:
52:
49:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2518:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:Tromba marina
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:Standing wave
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2081:Amplification
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
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1551:
1548:122.1. Lace (
1547:
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1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
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1525:
1520:
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1465:
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1271:
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1266:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:Angular harps
1235:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:Violin family
1185:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
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1147:
1143:
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1134:
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1129:
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1125:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
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1102:
1099:
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1062:
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1040:
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1035:
1032:
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1026:
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1020:
1017:
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1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
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987:
985:
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980:
977:
975:
972:
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965:
962:
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947:
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935:
932:
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927:
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910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
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882:
880:
877:
875:
874:Electric pipa
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
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855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:Barbat (lute)
817:
814:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
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795:
792:
789:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
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758:
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747:
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741:
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739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
710:
708:
704:
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696:
692:
688:
683:
673:
670:
667:
661:
660:Frame zithers
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641:
636:
633:
631:
626:
621:
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583:
581:
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566:
565:Bulbul tarang
563:
560:
556:
553:
550:
549:United States
546:
543:
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541:
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531:
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516:
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502:
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449:
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442:United States
439:
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429:
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422:
419:
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415:Eastern Europ
412:
408:
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368:
365:
362:
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168:
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147:
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141:
138:
135:
132:
130:
125:
122:
119:
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111:
106:
104:
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93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:
59:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
21:
16:
2485:Washtub bass
2338:musical bows
2298:Scale length
2275:
2195:Third bridge
2172:
2060:Electrophone
1969:413. Plosive
1881:322.2. Frame
1867:321.3.Handle
1787:Stick zither
1757:
1709:23. Friction
1599:133. Vessel
1584:132. Plaque
1534:121.1. Clack
1399:
1395:
1375:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1311:
1291:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1236:
1232:Arched harps
1229:
1226:
1223:
1064:Tenor guitar
1023:
793:
790:
787:
754:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
685:
671:
668:
665:
651:
648:
645:
634:
627:
624:
532:
529:
526:
523:
401:
398:
390:
351:
348:
343:Raft zithers
284:
281:
258:
255:
252:
249:
243:
228:
225:
220:Tube zithers
211:
205:
181:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
154:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
107:
103:Musical bows
100:
97:
85:musical bows
79:such as the
69:
45:harpsichords
17:
15:
2460:Psalmodicon
2373:Diddley bow
2232:Fundamental
2222:Fingerboard
2202:Chordophone
2160:instruments
2016:Single reed
2010:Double reed
1878:322.1. Open
1816:Heterochord
1782:Musical bow
1753:Chordophone
1729:24. Singing
1693:22. Plucked
1685:212. Shaken
1626:142. Plaque
1588:Musical saw
1578:Nail violin
1574:131. Stick
1531:121. Frame
1220:Harps (322)
1192:Double Bass
1081:Harp guitar
849:Daguangxian
760:Morin khuur
713:Lutes (321)
575:Dulce melos
489:Shahi Baaja
477:Middle East
448:Moodswinger
156:311.121.222
150:311.121.221
92:Bar zithers
2393:Ichigenkin
2388:Ground bow
2333:Monochords
2323:Tuning peg
2303:Soundboard
2217:Enharmonic
1821:314. Board
1767:31. Simple
1715:231. Stick
1656:21. Struck
1623:141. Stick
1545:122. Comb
1383:References
1346:: Using a
1263:322.212.2
1256:322.212.1
1171:Solid body
1128:Bajo sexto
899:Mandocello
784:(Japanese)
772:(Japanese)
695:resonators
615:Scheitholt
510:Tautirut (
495:Swarmandal
438:Marxophone
238:Madagascar
39:, such as
22:system of
2440:Langeleik
2378:Duxianqin
2271:Monochord
2240:Overtones
2236:Harmonics
2042:Chromatic
1947:Free reed
1903:Aerophone
1888:Harp lute
1843:Composite
1813:Idiochord
1735:241. Free
1721:233. Hand
1718:232. Cord
1593:Daxophone
1539:Guimbarde
1469:Idiophone
1340:: Bowing
1153:Chambered
914:Mandolute
854:Đàn tỳ bà
809:Balalaika
778:(Chinese)
751:(Persian)
749:Kamancheh
745:(Vietnam)
597:(Russia,
430:Kantele (
425:Indonesia
371:Indonesia
303:Đàn tranh
129:resonator
110:Idiochord
2500:Category
2455:Onavillu
2408:Genggong
2403:Jaw harp
2351:Berimbau
2293:Re-entry
2150:Musical
2089:Theremin
2022:Reedpipe
1979:Non-free
1945:412.13.
1917:41. Free
1640:Membran-
1567:Friction
1371:Keyboard
1333:Plectrum
1302:Seperewa
1280:322.222
1273:322.221
1202:Octobass
994:Tiorbino
959:Surbahar
909:Mandolin
839:Charango
834:Bouzouki
804:Archlute
782:Shamisen
764:Mongolia
743:Đàn tính
687:Acoustic
580:Dulcimer
545:Autoharp
463:Psaltery
453:Pantalon
407:Cimbalom
381:Finlande
313:Gayageum
272:Cameroon
196:Cameroun
2475:Umuduri
2450:Masenqo
2433:Mukkuri
2428:Morsing
2368:Đàn bầu
2361:Boom-ba
2346:Ahardin
2152:strings
2036:Natural
2020:422.3.
2014:422.2.
2008:422.1.
1994:421.2.
1861:321.2.
1855:321.1.
1700:Nyatiti
1677:211.3.
1673:Tubular
1671:211.2.
1665:211.1.
1537:121.2.
1524:Plucked
1237:322.12
1230:322.11
1180:Ukulele
1019:Zhonghu
1009:Tzouras
1004:Topshur
989:Theorbo
969:Tanpura
964:Tambura
929:Panduri
924:Pandura
904:Mandola
824:Bağlama
776:Sanxian
770:Sanshin
703:guitars
699:violins
628:314.21
599:Ukraine
559:Ukraine
555:Bandura
534:314.122
520:(China)
518:Yangqin
497:(India)
491:(India)
457:Germany
432:Finnish
411:Central
385:Karelia
377:Kantele
357:Adjalin
337:(Japan)
331:(China)
329:Guzheng
315:(Korea)
307:Vietnam
213:311.222
207:311.221
200:Guinéea
177:311.211
108:311.11
77:zithers
58:zithers
2480:Unitar
2445:Lesiba
2423:Kubing
2418:Khomuz
2413:Gogona
2383:Ektara
2207:Course
2190:Bridge
2158:, and
2075:Action
2040:423.2
2034:423.1
1996:Fipple
1826:Trough
1771:zither
1642:ophone
1508:rattle
1485:Struck
1416:842168
1414:
1212:Violin
1106:Cümbüş
1034:Guitar
984:Tembûr
974:Tanbur
939:Qanbus
889:Liuqin
859:Dombra
813:Russia
705:, and
620:Zither
569:Punjab
483:Santur
467:Greece
421:Kacapi
367:Kacapi
293:Ajaeng
286:312.22
276:Guinea
245:312.11
234:Valiha
101:311.1
83:, and
41:pianos
2470:Tumbi
2212:Drone
2156:wires
2030:Brass
2028:423.
2002:422.
1987:Flute
1985:421.
1886:323.
1872:322.
1849:321.
1832:Frame
1830:316.
1824:315.
1807:313.
1799:Whole
1793:312.
1679:Frame
1616:Blown
1550:Mbira
1412:JSTOR
1207:Viola
1197:Cello
1111:Dobro
1029:Banjo
1014:Veena
999:Tiqin
954:Sitar
949:Setar
944:Rubab
869:Dutar
864:Domra
707:harps
662:(316)
654:Gusli
642:(315)
610:Piano
595:Gusli
538:piano
512:Inuit
473:Qanum
361:Benin
345:(313)
323:China
319:Guqin
297:Korea
268:Gabon
222:(312)
192:Gabon
94:(311)
73:piano
2283:Node
2227:Fret
2169:List
2079:52.
2073:51.
2065:list
2004:Reed
1927:Whip
1908:list
1874:Harp
1863:Yoke
1851:Lute
1809:Raft
1802:Half
1795:Tube
1758:list
1667:Bowl
1647:list
1614:14.
1565:13.
1522:12.
1483:11.
1474:list
1297:Kora
934:Pipa
894:Lute
879:Erhu
829:Biwa
701:and
689:and
413:and
335:Koto
264:Mvet
188:Mvet
81:koto
60:(31)
43:and
33:list
18:The
2335:and
2288:Nut
2185:Bow
1977:42.
1901:4.
1857:Bow
1841:32.
1638:2.
1467:1.
1404:doi
1348:bow
919:Oud
2502::
2154:,
2057:5.
1769:/
1750:3.
1410:.
1400:14
1398:.
1369::
1359:73
1353:72
1344:71
1331::
1284:.
1277:.
1267:.
1260:.
1241:.
1234:.
709:.
632:.
383:,
274:,
270:,
198:,
194:,
131:.
87:.
47:.
2242:/
2238:/
2234:/
2175:)
2171:(
2143:e
2136:t
2129:v
2067:)
2063:(
1910:)
1906:(
1760:)
1756:(
1649:)
1645:(
1552:)
1476:)
1472:(
1452:e
1445:t
1438:v
1418:.
1406::
1376:9
1367:8
1338:7
1329:6
1323:5
1317:4
815:)
811:(
766:)
762:(
601:)
591:)
587:(
571:)
567:(
561:)
557:(
551:)
547:(
514:)
507:)
503:(
479:)
475:(
469:)
465:(
459:)
455:(
444:)
440:(
434:)
427:)
423:(
417:)
409:(
387:)
379:(
373:)
369:(
363:)
359:(
325:)
321:(
309:)
305:(
299:)
295:(
278:)
266:(
240:)
236:(
202:)
190:(
31:(
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