List of heresies in the Catholic Church

2726:

includes the idea of a personal decision against the unity of the Church, and heresy’s characteristic is pertinacia, the obstinacy of him who persists in his own private way. This, however, cannot be regarded as an appropriate description of the spiritual situation of the Protestant Christian. In the course of now centuries-old history, Protestantism has made an important contribution to the realization of the Christian faith, fulfilling a positive function in the development of the Christian message and, above all, often giving rise to a sincere and profound faith in the individual non-Catholic Christian, whose separation from the Catholic affirmation has nothing to do with the pertinacia characteristic of heresy. Perhaps we may here invert a saying of St. Augustine’s: that an old schism becomes a heresy. The very passage of time alters the character of a division so that an old division is something essentially different from a new one. Something that was once rightly condemned as heresy cannot later simply become true, but it can gradually develop its own positive ecclesial nature, with which the individual is presented as his church and in which he lives as a believer, not as a heretic. This organization of one group, however, ultimately has an effect on the whole. The conclusion is inescapable, then: Protestantism today is something different from heresy in the traditional sense, a phenomenon whose true theological place has not yet been determined.

4454:

the Gospel and Catholic tradition is in heaven, not on earth. It is the teaching of the Catholic Church that Mary's life is both unique and historical, and as such cannot be repeated, reproduced, or otherwise "reincarnated" ... The presumed private revelation upon which the Army of Mary bases its claim to legitimacy does in fact introduce new and erroneous doctrines about the Virgin Mary and her role in the economy of salvation history. It significantly adds to Christ's definitive Revelation. It would have its followers believe, for example, that their "Immaculate" is co-eternal with the Triune God, and that although she was once the historical mother of Jesus, she is now "reincarnated" and "dwells" in the very person of the recipient of these presumed private revelations.

4973: 173:("Orthodoxy and heresy in ancient Christianity") in 1934. Bauer endeavoured to rethink early Christianity historically, independent from the views of the church. He argued that originally unity was based on a common relationship with the same Lord rather than on formally defined doctrines and that a wide variety of views was tolerated. With time, some of these views were seen as inadequate. He went on to attribute the definition of "orthodoxy" to the increasing power and influence of the Church of Rome. In 1959, 3151: 5250: 3358: 3131:

and the Pearl of Great Price. Mormons believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ but do not accept the doctrine of the Trinity. Mormons worship Jesus Christ and God the Father exclusively (and not Joseph Smith, whom they believe to have been a prophet only), and by this qualification meet the definition of non-Trinitarian Christianity.

4453:

The Army of Mary, through their misguided interpretation of Catholic teaching, would in effect not only rob Mary of her unique, irreplaceable role in salvation history, but their so-called "reincarnation" of Mary all but renders superfluous Mary's on-going intercession in heavenly glory. The Mary of

3130:

Mormons would say that theirs is the truest form of Christianity while acknowledging that other Christian denominations hold a lesser truth. While accepting the validity of the traditional Christian Bible, Mormons also attribute scriptural authority to the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants,

4343:

This change came in 1964 with Vatican II's Decree on Ecumenism, which 'signalled a more positive attitude towards ecumenism among Catholics worldwide'. This change in attitude by the Catholic Church, and the Protestant Churches' reaction to it, was one of the most crucial factors in the development

2725:

There is no appropriate category in Catholic thought for the phenomenon of Protestantism today (one could say the same of the relationship to the separated churches of the East). It is obvious that the old category of ‘heresy’ is no longer of any value. Heresy, for Scripture and the early Church,

611:

Belief that Christ's divinity dominates and overwhelms his humanity, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human or the Miaphysite position which holds that the human nature and pre-incarnate divine nature of Christ were united as one

937:

Whereas formerly Gnosticism was considered mostly a corruption of Christianity, it now seems clear that traces of Gnostic systems can be discerned some centuries before the Christian Era. Gnosticism may have been earlier than the 1st century, thus predating Jesus Christ. It spread through the

2677:

Some believe the great diversity of Protestant doctrines stems from the doctrine of private judgment, which denies the infallible authority of the Catholic Church and claims that each individual is to interpret Scripture for himself. However, the early Reformers warned against private

3014:

A group of related heresies which were defined as the endorsement of full freedom of the press, liberalism, individualism, and separation of church and state, and as an insistence upon individual initiative, which could be incompatible with the principle of Catholicism of obedience to

528:

This is what prompted the addition of "And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of Life, Who proceedeth from the Father, Who with the Father and the Son is equally worshipped and glorified, Who spake by the Prophets", into the Nicene Creed at the second ecumenical council.

177:

argued that all Christian communities were linked by the foundational events which occurred in Jerusalem and continued to be of defining importance in the forging of doctrinal orthodoxy. McGrath comments that historically Chadwick's account appears to be much more plausible.

205:

has two meanings in theology: it can be used in the narrow sense of the question as to how the divine and human are related in the person of Jesus Christ, or alternatively of the overall study of his life and work. Here it is used in the restricted, narrow sense.

1559:. In 726 Emperor Leo III ordered the destruction of all icons and persecuted those who refused. The policy continued under his successors till about 780. Later Leo V launched a second attempt which continued till the death of the emperor Theophilus in 842 2651:("by Scripture alone"); the conviction that only the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments should be used to form doctrine, in contradistinction to the Catholic view that both Scripture and the magisterium of the Church set dogma. (2) 433:

Belief that Jesus' physical body was an illusion, as was his crucifixion; that is, Jesus only seemed to have a physical body and to physically die, but in reality, he was incorporeal, a pure spirit, and hence could not physically

2764:

An 18th-century German movement directed towards the nationalizing of Catholicism, the restriction of the power of the papacy in favour of that of the episcopate, and the reunion of the dissident churches with Catholic

365:

Denial of the true divinity of Jesus Christ taking various specific forms, but all agreed that Jesus Christ was created by the Father, that he had a beginning in time, and that the title "Son of God" was a courtesy

650:

Belief that Jesus Christ had two natures but only one will. This is contrary to the orthodox interpretation of Christology, which teaches that Jesus Christ has two wills (human and divine) corresponding to his two

4972: 1917:

After several decades of harassment and re-proselytizing, and the systematic destruction of their scripture, the sect was exhausted and could find no more adepts. The last known Cathar prefect in the Languedoc,

596:

Stressing the "monarchy" of God was in Eastern theology a legitimate way of affirming his oneness, also the Father as the unique source of divinity. It became heretical when pushed to the extremes indicated.

4160:, p49), saying "Not only do Protestants presently constitute 13 percent of the world's population—about 800 million people—but since 1900 Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America." 2494:

The belief that God chooses to save certain people, not because of any foreseen merit or good in themselves, but totally by his sovereign choice. Calvinism has been summed up in five points, known as TULIP.

2469:

There are "over 33,000 denominations in 238 countries". There are about 1.17 billion Protestants worldwide, constituting nearly half of all Christians. among approximately 1.5–2.1 billion Christians.

4535: 911:. Gnosticism teaches duality in Material (Matter) versus Spiritual or Body (evil) versus Soul (good). Gnosticism teaches that the natural or material world will and should be destroyed (total 507:

While accepting the divinity of Jesus Christ as affirmed at Nicaea in 325, they denied that of the Holy Spirit which they saw as a creation of the Son, and a servant of the Father and the Son.

3133:

Many Protestant sects do not accept Mormons as true Christians, however, and no major Christian group accepts the validity of Mormon baptisms – a former Mormon would need to be re-baptized.

133:

before 1054 or are of later origin but similar. Details of some modern opinions deemed to be heretical by the Catholic Church are listed in an appendix. All lists are in alphabetical order.

1569:

Leo III may have been motivated by the belief that the veneration of icons, particularly in the excessive form it often took, was the chief obstacle to the conversion of Jews and Muslims

996:

movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries in Europe and North America, including some that explicitly identify themselves as revivals or even continuations of earlier gnostic groups.

233:, misleadingly translated as "persons". The Christological question then arose as to how Jesus Christ could be both divine and human. This was formally resolved after much debate by the 392:, he was later exonerated as a result of imperial pressure and finally declared a heretic after his death. The heresy was finally resolved in 381 by the First Council of Constantinople. 4707: 4283: 3325:, and declared incompatible with the Christian faith by Catholic leaders, including the Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico City and some Catholic Bishops in the United States Cardinal 1597:. Marcionists believed that the wrathful Hebrew God was a separate and lower entity than the all-forgiving God of the New Testament. This belief was in some ways similar to 819:

First formally stated by Noetus of Smyrna c. 190, refined by Sabellius c. 210 who applied the names merely to different roles of God in the history and economy of salvation.

159:

have been viewed in relation to the "orthodoxy" as an authentic lineage of tradition. Other forms of Christianity were viewed as deviant streams of thought and therefore "

395:

All forms denied that Jesus Christ is "consubstantial with the Father" but proposed either "similar in substance", "similar", or "dissimilar" as the correct alternative.

1887:

of Bulgaria, with a strong dualist influence against the physical world, regarded as evil, thus denied that Jesus could become incarnate and still be the son of God.

1515:

The state of perfection, freedom from the world and passion, is attained solely by prayer, not through the church or sacraments. ("Euchites" means "Those who pray")

268:

Belief that Jesus was born as a mere (non-divine) man, was supremely virtuous and that he was adopted later as the "Son of God" by the descent of the Spirit on him.

64:

of the Church and, in addition to this intellectual error, "pertinacity in the will" in maintaining it in opposition to the teaching of the Church must be present.

1284:

Some gnostics (e.g. Ophites and Nicolaitans) taught that since the matter was opposed to the spirit, the body was unimportant. Similar views were found among some

56:; a Catholic that embraces a formal heresy is considered to have automatically separated his or her soul from the Catholic Church. Here "matters of faith" means 2107:

Belief that three, rather than four nails were used to crucify Christ and that a Roman soldier pierced him with a spear on the left, rather than the right side.

4700: 567:

It is uncertain whether the sect survived beyond the 9th century. They were probably scattered across Anatolia and the Balkans following the destruction of

4543: 4596: 3783: 1794:

Belief that Augustine had gone too far in attacking Pelagianism and taught that some come to faith by mercy and grace but others through free will alone.

2152:

Waldensians endured near annihilation in the 17th century. Descendants of this movement still exist. Over time, the denomination joined the Genevan or

4402: 749:. Over the next decades, the Church of the East became increasingly Nestorian in doctrine, leading it to be known alternately as the Nestorian Church. 4693: 3679:

Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Antinomianism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

1196:

Belief that the serpent who tempted Adam and Eve was a hero and that the God who forbade Adam and Eve to eat from the tree of knowledge is the enemy.

843:

Belief that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three independent and distinct divine beings as opposed to three persons of one being and one essence

745:

as more suitable. Many of Nestorius' supporters relocated to Sassanid Persia, where they affiliated with the local Christian community, known as the

3937: 2278:

in 1401, which did not specifically ban the Lollards, but prohibited translating or owning the Bible and authorised burning heretics at the stake.

4437: 2669:("by Christ alone"); the conviction that the work of salvation is entirely the work of God through the mediatorial work of Christ alone. (5) 4125: 78:: "Even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them" ( 2657:("by faith alone"); the conviction that believers are justified by faith in Christ alone, rather than faith in Christ and good works. (3) 3386: 1936:

Mixed mystical beliefs with Christianity. Its practitioners believed that it was possible to reach perfection on earth through a life of

1065: 23: 3238: 1778:

Pelagianism was attacked in the Council of Diospolis and condemned in 418 at the Council of Carthage and the decision confirmed at the

1406:

were invalid. They also regarded martyrdom as the supreme Christian virtue and regarded those that actively sought martyrdom as saints.

4389: 989:, though a few isolated communities continue to exist to the present. Gnostic ideas became influential in the philosophies of various 405:

Belief that the Trinity consists of the Father, Son, and Mary and that the Son is a result of the marital union between the other two.

1120:

Increased during the 5th century despite efforts to stop it. In the 6th century, Priscillianism declined and died out soon after the

816:

Belief that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three characterizations of one God, rather than three distinct "persons" in one God.

779:

Belief that Jesus is "merely human": either that he never became divine, or that he never existed prior to his incarnation as a man.

4258: 423:

The existence of the sect is subject to some dispute due to the lack of historical evidence aside from the writings of Epiphanius.

34: 4250: 1538:

The group might have continued for several centuries, influencing the Bogomils of Bulgaria, the Bosnian church, the Paterenes and

5285: 3038:

Religious movement which expects the imminent return of Jesus. Jehovah's Witnesses believe in a one-person God as opposed to the

2590: 581:

An overemphasis on the indivisibility of God (the Father) at the expense of the other "persons" of the Trinity leading to either

5280: 5275: 4615: 1167:

Belief that the snake in the Garden of Eden (Satan) was an agent of the true God and brought knowledge of truth to man via the

4060:

A Short History of the Italian Waldenses: Who Have Inhabited the Valleys of the Cottian Alps from Ancient Times to the Present

1400:

Donatists were rigorists, holding that the church must be a church of saints, not sinners and that sacraments administered by

4365: 4336: 4311: 4278: 3575: 146: 4223: 3095:

Religious movement that believes in a "Godhead" of separate and distinct beings: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, as well as a

1301:

Few groups have declared themselves Antinomian, and the term has often been used by one group to criticize another's views.

5182: 4510: 3226: 2080:

lived in France in the first half of the 12th century. His preaching began around 1116 and he died imprisoned around 1148.

684:

church, although the latter now deny that they ever held the Monothelite view and are presently in full communion with the

677: 704:

Belief that Jesus Christ was a natural union between the Flesh and the Word, thus not identical, to the divine Son of God.

4947: 1664:

A stronger emphasis on the avoidance of sin and church discipline, emphasizing chastity, including forbidding remarriage.

98:. Heresy is understood today to mean the denial of revealed truth as taught by the Church. Nineteenth-century theologian 3759:

Francois P. Viljoen (2006). "Jesus' Teaching on the Torah in the Sermon on the Mount". Neotestamenica 40.1, pp. 135–155.

3171: 1775:(who had for a time (385–395) held similar opinions) but his final position never gained general acceptance in the East. 1281:. St Paul had to refute a charge of this type made by opponents because of his attitude to the Mosaic Law (Romans 3:8) 4096: 3193: 759:

Belief that the Father and Son are not two distinct persons, and thus God the Father suffered on the cross as Jesus.

53: 3732:"Donatism". Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 3565: 5202: 2286: 1655:

The belief that the prophecies of the Montanists superseded and fulfilled the doctrines proclaimed by the Apostles.

1039:

Thrived between the 3rd and 7th centuries and appears to have died out before the 16th century in southern China.

5159: 4558: 3160: 2577:

were influenced by Calvinist teachings. This influence can be found in official documents of these churches: the

838: 658: 522: 329: 214: 4685: 3330: 2641:

Protestant groups display a wide variety of different doctrines. However, the early Reformers all stressed the

2137:, a wealthy merchant who decided to give up all his worldly possessions and began to preach on the streets of 511: 3790: 2714:

Since the mid-20th century, the attitude of the Catholic Church to Protestantism has changed, as evidenced by

2663:("by grace alone"); the conviction that believers are saved by God's grace alone, and not by human works. (4) 1808:

Condemned by the Council of Orange in 529 which slightly weakened some of Augustine's more extreme statements.

1589:. Marcion affirmed Jesus Christ as the saviour sent by God and Paul as his chief apostle, but he rejected the 1027:

A major dualistic religion stating that good and evil are equally powerful, and that material things are evil.

4716: 4157: 3850: 3062: 497: 119: 19: 2678:

interpretation, emphasizing, instead, the connection and continuity with the ancient church, and its dogma.

1858:. Their beliefs were a synthesis of Armenian Paulicianism and the Bulgarian Slavonic Church reform movement. 3231:

The movement believes that its elderly founder, Marie Paule Giguère is a "reincarnation" of the Virgin Mary

3022: 2934: 711:(386–450), Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431. The doctrine was informed by Nestorius' studies under 57: 4423: 1555:

From late in the seventh century onwards some parts of the Greek Church reacted against the veneration of

41:. Formal heresy is "the wilful and persistent adherence to an error in matters of faith" on the part of a 5024: 4796: 3689: 3096: 174: 3650: 2675:("for God's glory alone"); the conviction that the work of salvation is entirely for God's glory alone. 3333:, has repeatedly denounced devotion to Santa Muerte, calling it "the celebration of devastation and of 2535: 4169:"between 1,250 and 1,750 million adherents, depending on the criteria employed": McGrath, Alister E. 3654: 4465: 4450: 2094: 1931: 1745: 673: 230: 130: 33:. Material heresy means in effect "holding erroneous doctrines through no fault of one's own" due to 4011: 3822: 3777: 4893: 3742: 1779: 1563: 723: 620: 99: 3837:

A Religious Encyclopaedia or Dictionary of Biblical, Historical, Doctrinal, and Practical Theology

2311:

Savonarola left many admirers throughout Europe, in particular among religiously pious humanists.

1898:

in the 11th century and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. Catharism had its roots in the

915:) by the true spiritual God in order to free mankind from the reign of the false God or Demiurge. 4064: 3376: 1941: 1760: 1503: 1326: 797: 389: 318: 281:

Theodotus was excommunicated by Pope Victor and Paul was condemned by the Synod of Antioch in 268

75: 5254: 5197: 3381: 3164: 3100: 3033: 2582: 2507: 2448: 2434: 2361: 2275: 2246: 1322:

Named after the leader of the sect, Audius (or Audaeus), a Syrian who lived in the 4th century.

1289: 958: 783: 712: 272: 115: 87: 67: 46: 1919: 1630:

for 300 years, although Marcionistic ideas persisted much longer. Marcionism continued in the

343:

Belief that the soul perished with the body, and that both would be revived on Judgement Day.

5229: 4171: 3872:

S. Runciman, The Medieval Manichee: A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy (Cambridge, 1947)

3809: 3764: 3249: 3043: 2967: 2901: 2845: 2789: 1923: 1639: 1440: 1234: 861: 409: 181:

For convenience the heresies which arose in this period have been divided into three groups:

2364:

and summarize the Reformers' basic theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the

218: 5177: 3261: 3050: 3009: 2940: 2693: 2594: 2578: 2230:

Celebration of the Lord's Supper in both kinds (bread and wine to priests and laity alike).

1802: 1692: 1224: 1061: 931: 727: 631: 3916: 3254:

A term adopted by Nazi leaders to refer to a model of Christianity consistent with Nazism.

3175: 930:(Knowledge of the God or the Good) who could be called gnostics in a positive sense (e.g. 8: 5089: 5069: 4858: 4729: 4141:

Protestants: 625,606,000; Independents: 421,689,000; Unaffiliated Christians: 123,508,000

3363: 2868: 2570: 2294: 2028: 1583: 1334: 1217: 1050: 982: 947: 689: 669: 518: 477: 464: 456: 4483: 4058: 129:

The following listing contains those opinions which were either explicitly condemned by

3114: 3083:

Condemned by Popes Leo XIII and Pius X in a series of encyclicals between 1893 and 1910

2953: 2831: 2775: 2688: 2566: 2527: 2476: 2443: 2012: 1772: 1422: 1382: 1202: 1183: 1153: 873: 793: 746: 662: 635: 445: 234: 142: 111: 4577: 2807:

The belief that civil authority – often the State's authority (originally that of the

2097:, was reputed to have converted a great number of the disciples of Henry of Lausanne. 1652:

The beliefs of Montanism contrasted with orthodox Christianity in the following ways:

5102: 5029: 4764: 4361: 4332: 4307: 4092: 4035:

Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion by William L Reese, Humanities Press 1980 p.421

3931: 3602: 3571: 3326: 3122: 3078: 2586: 2558: 2519: 2153: 2114: 2077: 1987: 1768: 1741: 1605: 716: 666: 455:, incorporated docetism into their beliefs, but such movements were destroyed by the 378: 288:

and Dynamic Monarchianism. Later criticized as presupposing Nestorianism (see below)

91: 4666: 4198: 630:

Eutyches was excommunicated in 448. Monophysitism and Eutyches were rejected at the

5234: 4957: 4671: 4112: 3371: 3278: 3272: 3110: 2872: 2719: 2700: 2464: 2252: 2093:

relates that a young girl, who gave herself out to be miraculously inspired by the

1958: 1949: 1862: 1668: 1338: 1330: 1316: 1312: 1296: 912: 787: 731: 534: 501: 325: 276: 4131:. Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary 1708: 926:. There were some Orthodox Christians who as mystics (in the modern sense) taught 4935: 4925: 4654: 3296: 3294:

Doctrinal Note of the Catholic Bishops of Canada concerning the Army of Mary and

2905: 2880: 2864: 2671: 2499: 2452: 2420: 2365: 1789: 1580: 1455: 974: 954: 830: 754: 448:

and mainstream Christianity, and largely died out during the first millennium AD.

123: 4715: 3103:, or in other words, "As man now is God once was: As God now is, a man may be." 1680:, Montanism originated at Hierapolis. It spread rapidly to other regions in the 1277:

Any view which holds that Christians are freed by grace from obligations of any

5192: 5169: 4999: 4962: 4846: 4826: 4791: 4784: 3635: 2923: 2888: 2822: 2808: 2665: 2647: 2512: 2459: 2384: 2372: 1969: 1688: 1410: 1368: 1146: 1121: 1111: 1082: 1031: 877: 774: 685: 557: 400: 285: 3567:

The Qur'an in Christian-Muslim Dialogue: Historical and Modern Interpretations

3526: 2548:

in mid 16th century Geneva, being further rigorised at the Dutch 17th century

2299:

Savonarola called for simplicity in church interior and rigorous moral stances

37:

and "is neither a crime nor a sin" since the individual has made the error in

5269: 5132: 5097: 4942: 4905: 4900: 4883: 4863: 4757: 3615: 3322: 3118: 3074: 2962: 2913: 2840: 2784: 2683: 2636: 2562: 2561:, including those of the Netherlands, England, Scotland, and central Europe. 2549: 2438: 2345: 2282: 2269: 2157: 2102: 2090: 1631: 1627: 1586: 1464: 1272: 939: 645: 602: 576: 95: 4451:

Doctrinal Note of the Catholic Bishops of Canada concerning the Army of Mary

985:(1209–1229) greatly reduced the remaining number of Gnostics throughout the 374: 5222: 5107: 5009: 4952: 4915: 4878: 4821: 4742: 4344:

of contact between the hierarchies of the Protestant and Catholic Churches.

3307: 3282: 3106: 3070: 2895: 2884: 2876: 2759: 2305: 2165: 2146: 1911: 1899: 1798: 1733: 1715: 1681: 1590: 1512:

Only such sensible revelations of God confer perfection upon the Christian.

1315:) and that one ought to celebrate Jesus' death during the Jewish Passover ( 1211: 1044: 962: 870: 811: 800:, which was convened to deal directly with the nature of Christ's divinity. 767: 742: 699: 616: 606: 582: 437:

Tendencies existed in the 1st century, but it was most notably embraced by

293: 164: 94:

were not clearly distinguished. A similar overlapping occurred in medieval

83: 71: 4012:"Transcript From The Council of Diospolis (Lydda) Against Pelagius, 415AD" 5212: 5152: 5142: 5122: 5112: 5079: 4981: 4930: 4920: 4816: 4752: 4737: 4115:, George Kurian and Todd Johnson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001 3894: 3318: 3286: 2973: 2851: 2802: 2795: 2659: 2545: 2408: 2176: 2134: 2124: 1855: 1851: 1727: 1521: 1444: 1285: 1168: 1103: 1095: 1022: 986: 943: 804: 586: 540: 346:

Founder unknown, but associated with 3rd-century Christians from Arabia.

263: 226: 222: 202: 61: 3099:. Further, it is believed that all humans as children of God can become 2606: 1474:

In 375, Epiphanius records the settlement of Ebionites on Cyprus, later

351:

Reconciled to the main body of the Church after a council in 250 led by

5137: 5049: 5044: 5019: 5014: 4994: 4989: 4888: 4873: 4868: 4853: 4841: 4811: 3898: 3338: 2715: 2642: 2352: 2022: 1977: 1903: 1764: 1696: 1684:

during the period before Christianity was generally tolerated or legal.

1616: 1574: 1547: 1525: 1509:

God has taken different forms in order to reveal himself to the senses.

1487: 1416: 1402: 1099: 1088: 866: 548: 438: 38: 5217: 3500:

Hanson, R. P. C. "The Doctrine of the Trinity as achieved in 381". In

3487:

Hanson, R. P. C. "The Doctrine of the Trinity as achieved in 381". In

3241:

determined on 11 July 2007 that her followers had been excommunicated.

2224:, which were agreed upon in July 1420. These are often summarized as: 5207: 5187: 5147: 5127: 5117: 5074: 5064: 5059: 5034: 5004: 4910: 4831: 4801: 4769: 3391: 3090: 2858: 2653: 2574: 2489: 2396: 2086: 2058: 1937: 1891: 1880: 1874: 1718:

prevailed against Montanism within a few generations, labelling it a

1647: 1635: 1539: 1475: 1430: 1306: 1129: 1057: 923: 893: 738: 708: 452: 160: 152: 79: 2034:

Rejection of the doctrinal and disciplinary authority of the church;

1363:

Were also called "Compliers" due to their love of sensual pleasures

826:

against this tendency and Sabellius was condemned by Pope Callistus.

5249: 5054: 5039: 4806: 4779: 4774: 4747: 2957: 2898: 2835: 2779: 2261: 2215: 1884: 1845: 1737: 1722:, the sect persisted in some isolated places into the 8th century. 1704: 1677: 1661:

The view that Christians who fell from grace could not be redeemed.

1483: 1393: 1351: 1278: 1230: 1142: 1069: 993: 990: 966: 889: 822:

Noetus was condemned by the presbyters of Smyrna. Tertullian wrote

681: 624: 568: 470: 428: 414: 360: 4126:"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" 3657:. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 2 September 2008. 2117:, but most likely never actually considered a heresy by said Pope. 1922:, was executed in 1321. Anti-Old Testament ideas later revived by 4836: 4152:

Jay Diamond, Larry. Plattner, Marc F. and Costopoulos, Philip J.

3357: 3039: 2949: 2918: 2827: 2817: 2771: 2404:, rejecting the value of good works or prayers towards salvation. 2242: 2220:

The program of the Hussites is contained in the four articles of

2051: 1999: 1991: 1965: 1753: 1703:

which condemned the New Prophecy. The leaders of the churches of

1598: 1436: 1191: 1174: 1162: 1135: 970: 919: 918:

A common misperception is caused by the fact that, in the past, "

900: 688:. Christians in England rejected the Monothelite position at the 665:, 680–681). The churches condemned at Constantinople include the 338: 237:

of 431, 451 and 680 (Ephesus, Chalcedon and Constantinople III).

210: 163:", or heretical. This view was dominant until the publication of 42: 2002:, and that of individual churchmen as invalidating their status. 1811:

The label "Semipelagianism" dates from the seventeenth century.

4578:"U.S. Bishops join Mexican colleagues, denounce 'Santa Muerte'" 2704: 2221: 2038: 1995: 1895: 1719: 1594: 1529: 950: 927: 908: 904: 885: 484: 385: 352: 314:

of men were propagated by other souls, as well as their bodies.

156: 2811:) – over the Catholic Church is comparable to that of the Pope 2392:. Only Scripture is the infallible rule of faith and practice. 612:

divine-human nature from the point of the Incarnation onwards.

3848: 2708: 2357: 2006: 1984: 1700: 1496: 1141:

The Naassenes claimed to have been taught their doctrines by

978: 544: 370: 303: 299: 3915:

Janos, N. A. Berdyaev (Berdiaev); translated by Fr Stephen.

2511:. God chooses those he wants to save regardless of merit by 1861:

Emerged in Bulgaria between 927 and 970 and spread into the

1634:

for some centuries later. Similar heresies would arise with

1506:(substance) in order to unite with the souls of the perfect. 1478:

of Cyrrhus reported that they were no longer present there.

4597:"Death to Santa Muerte: The Vatican vs. the Skeleton Saint" 3334: 3277:

Belief that certain people are or can be reincarnations of

2428:. Devotion to Mary and the Saints was strongly discouraged. 2138: 1749: 1609: 1556: 903:

perspective) and vilification of the human body and of the

881: 311: 1944:. They believed that they could communicate directly with 1797:

This view arose in the East and was purportedly taught by

1435:

A Jewish sect that insisted on the necessity of following

1292:

and later among some sects in seventeenth-century England.

3839:, 3rd ed. (edited by Philip Schaff), p. 684–685 (vol. 2). 3784:"Jesus' Teaching on the Torah in the Sermon on the Mount" 2539:, or "Eternal Security". One cannot lose their salvation. 1945: 1499:) of the Trinity could be perceived by the carnal senses. 922:" had a similar meaning to the current usage of the word 896: 307: 2943:, attempting to impose a liberal ideology on the Church. 2044:

Refusal to recognize any form of worship or liturgy; and

2005:

Appeared in the 14th and 15th centuries, principally in

1552:

The belief that icons are idols and should be destroyed.

946:

before and during the 2nd and 3rd centuries, becoming a

880:

generally united in the teaching that humans are divine

451:

Gnostic movements that survived past that time, such as

182: 3412:

Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Heresy".

3337:." Commentators note that it is relatively rare that a 2437:

which is generally accepted to have begun in 1517 with

514:, Eustathius of Sebaste was their principal theologian. 4390:

Modernism (Roman Catholicism)#Official Church response

4184:"2.1 thousand million Christians": Hinnells, John R. 4038: 3979: 3584: 3545: 3117:, which he claimed to have translated from writing on 2245:(c. 1369–1415), who was one of the forerunners of the 1397:(often spoken of as a "schism" rather than a "heresy") 1179:

Dealt as heresy by Irenaeus, Hippolytus, and Philaster

786:, a leather merchant, in Rome c.190, later revived by 275:, a leather merchant, in Rome c.190, later revived by 196: 4717:

Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church

4029: 3507: 3469: 3457: 3445: 2607:

Sects declared to be heretical by the Catholic Church

2304:

On 13 May 1497 Savonarola was excommunicated by Pope

306:

body and lower soul (the seat of the emotions) but a

170:

Rechtgläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum

3527:"Church Fathers: Church History, Book VI (Eusebius)" 3353: 1502:

The Threefold God transformed himself into a single

3758: 1763:(354–420/440). The theology was later developed by 4616:"Have you heard of Saint Death? Don't pray to her" 2904:, Jansenism formed a distinct movement within the 2718:relations with Protestant Churches. Then-cardinal 2557:Calvinism forms the basis of the doctrines of the 1535:Bishop Flavian of Antioch condemned them about 376 1356:Held all things in common, even wives and children 22:, the Catholic Church makes a distinction between 4118: 3234:Founded by Marie Paule Giguère in Quebec in 1971. 5267: 4355: 4186:The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion 3966: 2734: 2416:. The human initiative has no part in salvation. 1601:Christian theology, but in other ways different. 1443:. They regarded Jesus as the Messiah but not as 1075:Repressed by order of Empress Theodora II in 843 1056:The founder of the sect is said to have been an 82::1). In the first two or three centuries of the 4559:"Santa Muerte is no saint, say Mexican bishops" 1223:Gnostic sect was founded by Ex-Catholic Bishop 1036:Condemned by Emperor Theodosius I decree in 382 899:. Gnosticism is a rejection (sometimes from an 510:Allegedly founded in the 4th century by Bishop 4380:Rose book of Bible charts, maps, and timelines 4304:The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent 3745:, in: Isidore Singer & Cyrus Alder (ed.), 1425:and disappeared only after the Arab conquest. 1244: 1110:. Priscillian was put to death by the emperor 657:Monothelitism was officially condemned at the 634:in 451. Monophysitism is also rejected by the 213:, as finally developed and formally agreed at 74:communities at least since the writing of the 4701: 4080: 3953: 3414:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2360:phrases (or slogans) that emerged during the 2130:A spiritual movement of the later Middle Ages 2041:freely interpreted as the sole rule of faith; 1288:in the sixteenth century as a consequence of 4111:World Christian Encyclopedia (2nd edition). 4105: 3936:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3752: 2031:, Henry's teaching is summed up as follows: 2011:Declared heretical by the Church in 1296 by 1805:. Whether Cassian taught this is disputable. 1711:in Gaul responded to the New Prophecy in 177 1439:, which they interpreted in light of Jesus' 1421:Donatists were a force at the time of Saint 168: 4424:"6 Catholic Nuns Excommunicated For Heresy" 4077:Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, pp. 874–876 3491:, T & T Clark, Edinburgh 1985, pp. 234f 3416:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3387:Outline of the Catholic ecumenical councils 3042:. Jesus is the first thing God created (as 60:which have been proposed by the infallible 4708: 4694: 4374: 3641:. Oxford University press, 2003, p.188-202 3239:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 3174:. Please do not remove this message until 2085:In 1151 some Henricians still remained in 1658:The encouragement of ecstatic prophesying. 1173:Syrian sect drawing their origin from the 627:emerged with diametrically opposite views. 547:(divine Word) and identified him with the 310:mind. Apollinaris further taught that the 106:of Christianity, and yet contradicted its 4575: 4400: 4320: 4248: 3882:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3852:A Dictionary of Early Christian Biography 3842: 3721:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3504:, T & T Clark, Edinburgh 1985, p. 244 3194:Learn how and when to remove this message 3140: 3020:Condemned by Pope Leo XIII in his letter 2193:Precursors to the Protestant Reformation 654:Originated in Armenia and Syria in AD 633 4556: 4259:The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 4224:"A Brief Introduction to sola scriptura" 4056: 3726: 3688: 3259:Condemned by Pope Pius XI in his letter 3170:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2948:Practice and ideology condemned by Pope 2867:thought which arose in the frame of the 2816:Practice and ideology condemned by Pope 2770:Practice and ideology condemned by Pope 2531:. God's saving grace cannot be resisted. 2281:Lollards were effectively absorbed into 892:, who is frequently identified with the 102:defined it as "that which preserved the 4653: 4594: 4576:Contreras, Russell (20 February 2017). 4509:Chesnut, R. Andrew (22 February 2016). 4508: 4403:"THE NEW (AND OLD) RELIGIONS AROUND US" 4349: 4301: 4199:"The Great Heresies | Catholic Answers" 3829: 3557: 3519: 3475: 3463: 3451: 3408: 3406: 3312:Worship or veneration of Santa Muerte. 2591:1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith 2523:. Jesus died only for the chosen elect. 1850:A Gnostic dualistic sect that was both 1771:into a complete system. and refuted by 5268: 4536:"Vatican in a Bind About Santa Muerte" 4484:"Vatican denounces Mexico Death Saint" 4426:. Associated Press. 27 September 2007. 4276: 4251:"Justification by Works and Sola Fide" 3999:Saints and Sinners in the Early Church 3849:Henry Wace and William Piercy (1911). 3710:Darton, Longman & Todd:1985, p.102 3708:Saints and Sinners in the Early Church 2722:, later Pope Benedict XVI, wrote that 2692:in 1517, and later developed by other 2110:Attributed to Albigenses and Waldenses 1972:, during the 14th and 15th centuries. 1117:Condemned by Synod of Zaragoza in 380. 4689: 4644: 4635: 4613: 4329:From Ecumenism to Community Relations 4326: 4091:. Time-Life Books. pp. 120–121. 4086: 4044: 3985: 3590: 3563: 3551: 3513: 1566:in 787 which regulated the veneration 833:, Modalism, Modalistic Monarchianism 229:were all strictly one being in three 209:The orthodox teaching concerning the 147:Diversity in early Christian theology 136: 5183:Community of the Lady of All Nations 4557:Barillas, Martin (31 October 2009). 4463: 4358:The Meaning of Christian Brotherhood 4228:Lutheran Theology: An Online Journal 3403: 3227:Community of the Lady of All Nations 3144: 3067:Evolution of dogma in time and space 1817: 1311:Belief that God has the human form ( 1295:Decree on Justification, Chapter XV 377:AD 250–336) who lived and taught in 241:Trinitarian/Christological heresies 4466:"Santa Muerte: The New God in Town" 4306:. London: George Routledge and Co. 3616:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gnosticism" 3341:is condemned by Vatican officials. 2894:Originating in the writings of the 2289:, in which Lollardy played a role. 1865:, Serbia, Bosnia, Italy and France. 1461:(אביונים ), meaning "the Poor Ones" 489:Altercatio Luciferiani et orthodoxi 197:Trinitarian/Christological heresies 13: 4629: 4595:Chesnut, R. Andrew (18 May 2013). 4089:Great Ages of Man: The Reformation 4071: 2227:Freedom to preach the Word of God. 1983:Extreme proponents of the rule of 1667:Some of the Montanists were also " 741:for the Virgin Mary, and proposed 14: 5297: 4401:Granquist, Mark (10 April 2018). 3914: 3893:(115 years and 6 months from the 888:created by an imperfect god, the 5248: 4971: 4464:Gray, Steven (16 October 2007). 4302:Buckley, Theodore Alois (1851). 4279:"The Right of Private Judgement" 3356: 3149: 2908:from the 16th to 18th centuries. 2611: 2233:No secular power for the clergy. 1906:with whom the Paulicians merged. 369:The doctrine is associated with 4614:Rezac, Mary (4 November 2017). 4607: 4588: 4569: 4550: 4528: 4511:"Pope Francis vs. Santa Muerte" 4502: 4476: 4457: 4444: 4430: 4416: 4394: 4383: 4295: 4284:The Ausbury Theological Journal 4270: 4242: 4216: 4191: 4178: 4163: 4146: 4050: 4004: 3991: 3944: 3908: 3887: 3875: 3866: 3735: 3713: 3700: 3682: 3673: 3660: 3644: 3629: 3608: 3596: 2981: 2911:Condemned by Innocent X's bull 2433:Originated in the 16th century 1879:Catharism had its roots in the 1623:(year 207) condemned Marcionism 1615:Many early apologists, such as 1604:Originates in the teachings of 659:Third Council of Constantinople 564:("Against the Melchisedekites") 523:First Council of Constantinople 330:First Council of Constantinople 5286:Catholic theology and doctrine 4360:. Ignatius Press. p. 88. 3502:Studies in Christian Antiquity 3494: 3489:Studies in Christian Antiquity 3481: 3442:Mercier Press: 1963, Sect. 201 3432: 3419: 3331:Pontifical Council for Culture 2475:, most Protestants disbelieve 2317: 2187: 1964:Small groups living mostly in 1409:Named for their second leader 1373:A militant subset of Donatism* 1094:Founded in the 4th century by 512:Macedonius I of Constantinople 45:person. As such it is a grave 1: 5281:Heresy in the Catholic Church 5276:Catholic Church-related lists 4542:. 14 May 2013. Archived from 4249:Schreiner, Thomas R. (2015). 4172:Christianity: An Introduction 4154:World Religions and Democracy 3835:G. Uhlhorn, "Ebionites", in: 3397: 2735:Counter-Reformation movements 1744:is still capable of choosing 1467:considered them heretical at 855: 737:Nestorius rejected the title 444:Docetism was rejected by the 384:Arius was first pronounced a 110:". This article contains the 3564:Block, Corrie (2013-10-08). 3429:Herder, Barcelona:1968, p.31 3427:Manual de Teología Dogmática 3113:in the 1820s, and published 3049:It follows the teachings of 3023:Testem benevolentiae nostrae 2917:on 31 May 1653, and by Pope 2593:(Reformed Baptist), and the 2544:Calvinism was systemised by 2067:the communion of saints, and 1990:, especially with regard to 1883:movement in Armenia and the 1626:Marcionism continued in the 1469:Dialogue with Trypho the Jew 186: 118:which have been declared as 7: 3349: 3244:Also known as Army of Mary 3176:conditions to do so are met 2875:(1545–1563). It emphasized 2236:Punishment for mortal sins. 1716:mainstream Christian church 1687:The churches of Asia Minor 1245:Other Early Church heresies 1182:Sect is founded around the 961:in areas controlled by the 10: 5302: 5255:Catholic Church portal 3570:. Routledge. p. 186. 3440:Handbook of Moral Theology 3270: 3247: 3224: 3088: 3060: 3031: 3007: 2932: 2856: 2800: 2757: 2487: 2343: 2292: 2259: 2241:Founded by Czech reformer 2213: 2122: 2100: 2064:the sacrifice of the Mass, 2020: 1975: 1929: 1872: 1843: 1787: 1725: 1645: 1572: 1545: 1481: 1428: 1391: 1366: 1349: 1343:Adversus Anthropomorphites 1304: 1270: 1209: 1189: 1160: 1127: 1080: 1042: 1020: 859: 836: 809: 772: 752: 697: 643: 600: 574: 532: 495: 462: 426: 398: 358: 291: 261: 190: 183:Trinitarian/Christological 140: 5243: 5168: 5088: 4980: 4969: 4728: 4647:Early Christian Doctrines 4440:. Vatican. 14 March 1937. 4356:Joseph Ratzinger (1993). 2939:The domestic policies of 2871:and the aftermath of the 2274:King Henry IV passed the 1250:Other Christian heresies 1030:Founded in 210–276 AD by 131:Chalcedonian Christianity 4331:. Irish Academic Press. 4057:Bompiani, Sofia (1899). 3974:Prophets and Gravestones 3961:Prophets and Gravestones 3109:founded the movement in 2174:Condemned by papal bull 2144:Condemned by papal bull 2113:Supposedly condemned by 1909:Condemned by papal bull 1691:Montanists. Around 177, 724:First Council of Ephesus 680:churches as well as the 621:First Council of Ephesus 441:in subsequent centuries. 100:Friedrich Schleiermacher 3696:. Pelican. p. 123. 3655:Encyclopædia Britannica 3377:Outline of Christianity 2308:and burned at the stake 1980:(Spiritual Franciscans) 1327:First Council of Nicaea 1138:sect from around 100 AD 1114:for the crime of magic. 798:First Council of Nicaea 730:in 451, leading to the 390:First Council of Nicaea 319:Apollinaris of Laodicea 76:Second Epistle of Peter 4645:Kelly, J.N.D. (1965). 4638:Early Christian Creeds 4636:Kelly, J.N.D. (1960). 4438:"Mit Brennender Sorge" 4016:www.seanmultimedia.com 3817:Cite journal requires 3772:Cite journal requires 3382:Outline of Catholicism 3218:Official condemnation 3141:20th-century movements 3001:Official condemnation 2987:19th century heresies 2751:Official condemnation 2728: 2628:Official condemnation 2589:(Congregational), the 2583:Westminster Confession 2581:(Dutch Reformed), the 2508:Unconditional election 2435:Protestant Reformation 2362:Protestant Reformation 2337:Official condemnation 2276:De heretico comburendo 2247:Protestant Reformation 2207:Official condemnation 2127:(Waldenses or Vaudois) 1890:First appeared in the 1837:Official condemnation 1714:Although the orthodox 1676:Named for its founder 1290:justification by faith 1264:Official condemnation 1014:Official condemnation 876:consisting of various 784:Theodotus of Byzantium 713:Theodore of Mopsuestia 543:an incarnation of the 480:, a bishop of Cagliari 273:Theodotus of Byzantium 255:Official condemnation 169: 70:has been a concern in 5230:Positive Christianity 4327:Power, Maria (2007). 4277:Hynson, Leon (2005). 4087:Simon, Edith (1966). 3250:Positive Christianity 3044:Michael the Archangel 2968:First Vatican Council 2902:Cornelius Otto Jansen 2846:First Vatican Council 2790:First Vatican Council 2723: 2070:prayers for the dead. 1948:and did not need the 1924:Positive Christianity 1801:, who was opposed by 1640:Positive Christianity 1441:expounding of the Law 1235:Epiphanius of Salamis 1229:Considered heresy by 869:refers to a diverse, 862:List of Gnostic sects 860:Further information: 521:and condemned at the 215:Constantinople in 381 4667:"The Great Heresies" 4620:Catholic News Agency 3651:Constantine-Silvanus 3533:. p. Chapter 37 3438:Prümmer, Dominic M. 3262:Mit brennender Sorge 3051:Charles Taze Russell 2941:Joseph II of Austria 2694:Protestant Reformers 2595:Thirty-Nine Articles 2585:(Presbyterian), the 2579:Three Forms of Unity 2481:Eucharistic heresies 1803:Prosper of Aquitaine 1638:in 1200s France and 1612:around the year 144. 1437:Jewish law and rites 1388:Relied on violence. 1381:Outlawed by Emperor 1106:doctrines taught by 957:), Christianity and 932:Diadochos of Photiki 796:, especially in the 728:Council of Chalcedon 632:Council of Chalcedon 619:was rejected at the 504:("Spirit fighters") 483:Deemed heretical by 35:inculpable ignorance 5198:Jehovah's Witnesses 5070:Spanish Adoptionism 4540:National Geographic 4410:Luther Seminary EDU 3747:Jewish Encyclopedia 3639:Lost Christianities 3364:Christianity portal 3329:, President of the 3317:Criticized, called 3163:of this section is 3034:Jehovah's Witnesses 2988: 2883:, the necessity of 2869:Counter-Reformation 2711:from 1545 to 1563. 2571:some Baptist groups 2471:In addition to the 2324: 2295:Girolamo Savonarola 2287:English Reformation 2194: 2037:Recognition of the 1994:, and regarded the 1920:Guillaume Bélibaste 1824: 1335:Cyril of Alexandria 1251: 1201:Dealt as heresy by 1152:Dealt as heresy by 1098:, derived from the 1068:, a community near 1001: 983:Albigensian Crusade 959:Hellenic philosophy 829:Alternative names: 794:ecumenical councils 690:Council of Hatfield 562:Eis ton Melchisedek 519:Cappadocian Fathers 478:Lucifer Calaritanus 457:Albigensian Crusade 446:ecumenical councils 284:Alternative names: 242: 235:Ecumenical Councils 4765:Antidicomarianites 4659:Christian Theology 4655:McGrath, Alister E 4649:. A & C Black. 4515:huffingtonpost.com 4156:. 2005, page 119.( 4063:. Barnes. p. 3903:Adversus Marcionem 3300:on the Mariavites. 3115:The Book of Mormon 2986: 2954:Syllabus of Errors 2832:Syllabus of Errors 2776:Syllabus of Errors 2567:Congregationalists 2528:Irresistible grace 2477:transubstantiation 2444:Ninety-five Theses 2426:Glory to God alone 2322: 2192: 1823:Medieval heresies 1822: 1780:Council of Ephesus 1773:Augustine of Hippo 1699:, presided over a 1621:Adversus Marcionem 1423:Augustine of Hippo 1415:Condemned by Pope 1249: 1203:Hippolytus of Rome 1184:Apocalypse of Adam 1154:Hippolytus of Rome 1064:, who hailed from 999: 874:religious movement 747:Church of the East 663:Ecumenical Council 240: 143:Early Christianity 137:Early Christianity 5263: 5262: 5103:Consubstantiation 4367:978-0-89870-446-4 4338:978-0-7165-3380-1 4313:978-1-298-54294-6 4188:. 2005, page 441. 4175:. 2006, page xv1. 4047:, pp. 370ff. 3988:, pp. 360ff. 3741:Kaufmann Kohler, 3593:, pp. 339ff. 3577:978-1-135-01405-6 3554:, pp. 227ff. 3531:www.newadvent.org 3516:, pp. 115ff. 3347: 3346: 3327:Gianfranco Ravasi 3204: 3203: 3196: 3138: 3137: 3123:reformed Egyptian 3079:Ernesto Buonaiuti 2979: 2978: 2732: 2731: 2699:Condemned by the 2601: 2600: 2587:Savoy Declaration 2559:Reformed churches 2520:Limited atonement 2447:as an attempt to 2315: 2314: 2185: 2184: 2115:Pope Innocent III 2078:Henry of Lausanne 1998:of the Church as 1988:Francis of Assisi 1957:Condemned at the 1952:for intercession. 1926:in Nazi Germany. 1818:Medieval heresies 1815: 1814: 1769:Julian of Eclanum 1642:in Nazi Germany. 1606:Marcion of Sinope 1524:, they spread to 1454:derives from the 1242: 1241: 1000:Gnostic heresies 853: 852: 722:Condemned at the 717:School of Antioch 667:Oriental Orthodox 636:Oriental Orthodox 585:(Modalism) or to 379:Alexandria, Egypt 324:Declared to be a 18:In its vision of 5293: 5253: 5252: 5235:Reincarnationism 4975: 4958:Subordinationism 4943:Pneumatomachians 4874:Melchisedechians 4710: 4703: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4672:Catholic Answers 4662: 4650: 4641: 4624: 4623: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4582:Associated Press 4573: 4567: 4566: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4546:on May 13, 2013. 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4461: 4455: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4407: 4398: 4392: 4387: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4255: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4203:www.catholic.com 4195: 4189: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4158:also in PDF file 4150: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4130: 4122: 4116: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4008: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3970: 3964: 3957: 3951: 3950:Trevett 1996:202 3948: 3942: 3941: 3935: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3912: 3906: 3901:'s reckoning in 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3795: 3789:. Archived from 3788: 3781: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3724: 3717: 3711: 3706:Frend, W. H. C. 3704: 3698: 3697: 3694:The Early Church 3686: 3680: 3677: 3671: 3664: 3658: 3648: 3642: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3498: 3492: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3417: 3410: 3372:Christian heresy 3366: 3361: 3360: 3279:biblical figures 3273:Reincarnationism 3206: 3205: 3199: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3179: 3153: 3152: 3145: 3111:Western New York 2989: 2985: 2873:Council of Trent 2739: 2738: 2720:Joseph Ratzinger 2701:Council of Trent 2616: 2615: 2465:Council of Trent 2325: 2321: 2253:Council of Basel 2195: 2191: 2047:Condemnation of 1959:Council of Basel 1950:Christian church 1863:Byzantine Empire 1825: 1821: 1740:and that mortal 1339:anthropomorphism 1331:quartodecimanism 1317:quartodecimanism 1313:anthropomorphism 1297:Council of Trent 1252: 1248: 1145:, a disciple of 1002: 998: 977:. Conversion to 953:to Judaism (see 824:Adversus Praxeam 792:Rejected by the 788:Paul of Samosata 732:Nestorian Schism 535:Melchisedechians 502:Pneumatomachians 473:sect in Sardinia 277:Paul of Samosata 243: 239: 172: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5247: 5239: 5164: 5090:Early modernity 5084: 4976: 4967: 4936:Semipelagianism 4926:Patripassianism 4724: 4714: 4677: 4675: 4665: 4632: 4630:Further reading 4627: 4612: 4608: 4601:Huffington Post 4593: 4589: 4574: 4570: 4555: 4551: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4462: 4458: 4449: 4445: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4405: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4354: 4350: 4339: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4300: 4296: 4275: 4271: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4183: 4179: 4168: 4164: 4151: 4147: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4110: 4106: 4099: 4085: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3996: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3971: 3967: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3897:, according to 3892: 3888: 3884:art. Iconoclasm 3880: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3834: 3830: 3818: 3816: 3807: 3806: 3799: 3797: 3796:on 16 June 2007 3793: 3786: 3782: 3773: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3718: 3714: 3705: 3701: 3690:Chadwick, Henry 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3665: 3661: 3649: 3645: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3499: 3495: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3437: 3433: 3424: 3420: 3411: 3404: 3400: 3362: 3355: 3352: 3321:, described as 3297:Tribus circiter 3200: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3169: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3097:Heavenly Mother 2984: 2906:Catholic Church 2737: 2672:Soli Deo gloria 2614: 2609: 2603: 2500:Total depravity 2453:Catholic Church 2421:Soli Deo gloria 2390:Scripture alone 2366:Catholic Church 2320: 2190: 1820: 1790:Semipelagianism 1581:Early Christian 1520:Originating in 1396: 1247: 1060:by the name of 864: 858: 831:Patripassianism 755:Patripassianism 726:in 431 and the 517:Opposed by the 199: 151:Traditionally, 149: 139: 124:Catholic Church 54:excommunication 12: 11: 5: 5299: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5193:Indifferentism 5190: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 5000:Bosnian Church 4997: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4963:Valentinianism 4960: 4955: 4950: 4948:Psilanthropism 4945: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4847:Valentinianism 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4827:Priscillianism 4824: 4819: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4792:Collyridianism 4789: 4788: 4787: 4785:Circumcellions 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4713: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4663: 4651: 4642: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4606: 4587: 4568: 4549: 4527: 4501: 4475: 4456: 4443: 4429: 4415: 4393: 4382: 4373: 4366: 4348: 4337: 4319: 4312: 4294: 4269: 4241: 4215: 4190: 4177: 4162: 4145: 4117: 4104: 4097: 4079: 4070: 4049: 4037: 4028: 4003: 3997:Frend, W.H.C. 3990: 3978: 3965: 3952: 3943: 3907: 3886: 3874: 3865: 3841: 3828: 3819:|journal= 3774:|journal= 3751: 3734: 3725: 3712: 3699: 3681: 3672: 3668:Philosophumena 3659: 3643: 3636:Bart D. Ehrman 3628: 3607: 3595: 3583: 3576: 3556: 3544: 3518: 3506: 3493: 3480: 3478:, p. 345. 3468: 3466:, p. 152. 3456: 3454:, p. 153. 3444: 3431: 3418: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3292: 3290: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3202: 3201: 3157: 3155: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3126: 3104: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3047: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2960:'s encyclical 2946: 2944: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2924:Auctorem fidei 2909: 2892: 2889:predestination 2861: 2855: 2854: 2848: 2838:'s encyclical 2823:Auctorem fidei 2814: 2812: 2809:King of France 2805: 2799: 2798: 2792: 2782:'s encyclical 2768: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2712: 2697: 2680: 2666:Solus Christus 2648:Sola scriptura 2639: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2555: 2553: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2524: 2516: 2513:predestination 2504: 2503:, of humanity. 2492: 2486: 2485: 2467: 2460:Exsurge Domine 2456: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2417: 2405: 2393: 2385:Sola scriptura 2381: 2373:Solus Christus 2348: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2279: 2272: 2266: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2150: 2142: 2131: 2128: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2083: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2055: 2045: 2042: 2035: 2029:Peter of Cluny 2025: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2009: 2003: 1981: 1974: 1973: 1970:Czech Republic 1962: 1955: 1953: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1915: 1907: 1888: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1859: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1795: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1776: 1757: 1736:did not taint 1730: 1724: 1723: 1712: 1689:excommunicated 1685: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1643: 1624: 1613: 1602: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1560: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1533: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1500: 1490: 1480: 1479: 1472: 1471:chapter xlvii 1462: 1448: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1419: 1413: 1411:Donatus Magnus 1407: 1398: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1379: 1374: 1371: 1369:Circumcellions 1365: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1323: 1320: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1282: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1227: 1221: 1216:A Gnostic and 1214: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1150: 1147:James the Just 1139: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1122:Synod of Braga 1118: 1115: 1112:Magnus Maximus 1092: 1087:A Gnostic and 1085: 1083:Priscillianism 1079: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1054: 1049:A Gnostic and 1047: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1028: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 975:Persian Empire 905:material world 886:material world 878:belief systems 857: 854: 851: 850: 848: 846: 844: 841: 835: 834: 827: 820: 817: 814: 808: 807: 801: 790: 782:Propounded by 780: 777: 775:Psilanthropism 771: 770: 764: 762: 760: 757: 751: 750: 735: 720: 705: 702: 696: 695: 693: 686:Bishop of Rome 655: 652: 648: 642: 641: 639: 628: 613: 609: 599: 598: 594: 592: 590: 579: 573: 572: 565: 558:Marcus Eremita 554: 552: 537: 531: 530: 526: 515: 508: 505: 494: 493: 491: 481: 474: 469:Strongly anti- 467: 461: 460: 449: 442: 435: 431: 425: 424: 421: 419: 406: 403: 401:Collyridianism 397: 396: 393: 382: 367: 363: 357: 356: 349: 347: 344: 341: 335: 334: 332: 328:in 381 by the 322: 315: 296: 290: 289: 286:Psilanthropism 282: 279: 271:Propounded by 269: 266: 260: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 219:God the Father 198: 195: 191:other heresies 175:Henry Chadwick 138: 135: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5298: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5133:Protestantism 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5098:Antinomianism 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4974: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4906:Monothelitism 4904: 4902: 4901:Monophysitism 4899: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4884:Monarchianism 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4864:Macedonianism 4862: 4860: 4859:Luciferianism 4857: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4758:Semi-Arianism 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4706: 4704: 4699: 4697: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4633: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4572: 4564: 4560: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4471: 4470:Time Magazine 4467: 4460: 4452: 4447: 4439: 4433: 4425: 4419: 4411: 4404: 4397: 4391: 4386: 4377: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4252: 4245: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4187: 4181: 4174: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4142: 4127: 4121: 4114: 4113:David Barrett 4108: 4100: 4098:0-662-27820-8 4094: 4090: 4083: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4053: 4046: 4041: 4032: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4000: 3994: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3969: 3962: 3956: 3947: 3939: 3933: 3918: 3911: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3883: 3878: 3869: 3854: 3853: 3845: 3838: 3832: 3824: 3811: 3792: 3785: 3779: 3766: 3755: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3729: 3722: 3716: 3709: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3676: 3669: 3663: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3632: 3617: 3611: 3604: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3560: 3553: 3548: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3497: 3490: 3484: 3477: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3441: 3435: 3428: 3425:Ott, Ludwig. 3422: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3402: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3354: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3323:devil worship 3320: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3198: 3195: 3187: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3147: 3146: 3134: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3119:golden plates 3116: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3075:George Tyrell 3072: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2975: 2972:Compare with 2971: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2963:Immortale Dei 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2914:Cum occasione 2910: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2850:Compare with 2849: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2841:Immortale Dei 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794:Compare with 2793: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2785:Immortale Dei 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2727: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2684:Martin Luther 2681: 2679: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2638: 2637:Protestantism 2635: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2612:Protestantism 2604: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563:Presbyterians 2560: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2550:Synod of Dort 2547: 2543: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2439:Martin Luther 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2346:Protestantism 2344: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2283:Protestantism 2280: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2270:John Wycliffe 2267: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2181: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2158:Protestantism 2155: 2151: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2103:Triclavianism 2101: 2096: 2092: 2091:Matthew Paris 2088: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2027:According to 2026: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2013:Boniface VIII 2010: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1669:Quartodeciman 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1587:belief system 1585: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1568: 1565: 1562:Condemned by 1561: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1495:The essence ( 1494: 1493: 1492:Belief that: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1465:Justin Martyr 1463: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1273:Antinomianism 1271: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1003: 997: 995: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 949: 945: 941: 940:Mediterranean 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 895: 891: 887: 884:trapped in a 883: 879: 875: 872: 868: 863: 849: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 832: 828: 825: 821: 818: 815: 813: 810: 806: 802: 799: 795: 791: 789: 785: 781: 778: 776: 773: 769: 765: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 748: 744: 740: 736: 733: 729: 725: 721: 718: 714: 710: 706: 703: 701: 698: 694: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 668: 664: 660: 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