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Mare, A.; Matsilele, T. (2020). "Hybrid Media System and the July 2018Elections in "Post-Mugabe" Zimbabwe". In Ndlela, Martin N.; Mano, Winston (eds.).
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1911:
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1956:
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2011:
1996:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1926:
1921:
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2051:
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1986:
1941:
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1311:
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762:
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1976:
1931:
1916:
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1801:
1501:
1328:
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999:"Freedom Justice Coalition Zimbabwe - Freedom Justice Coalition Zimbabwe Party"
905:
757:
640:
564:
1108:
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555:
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503:
1776:
1051:"DONGO FORMS NEW PARTY newsdzeZimbabweNewsdzeZimbabwe"
933:(RF) (1962-1981), ruling party from 1962 until 1979.
695:
Democratic
Assembly for Restoration and Empowerment
407:
Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and International Trade
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1228:Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
1205:
804:Zimbabwe Partnership for Prosperity - Kasiyamhuru
2172:
1335:Zimbabwe African People's Union – Federal Party
784:Zimbabwe African People's Union – Federal Party
1096:Social Media and Elections in Africa, Volume 1
714:Labour, Economist and Afrikan Democrats (LEAD)
1762:
1191:
1092:
466:
1538:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
1276:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
949:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
1769:
1755:
1198:
1184:
1077:"Mthwakazi party barred from using symbol"
473:
459:
504:Parties with parliamentary representation
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
2196:Lists of organisations based in Zimbabwe
1323:Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga
1155:"Ngqabutho Mabhena resigns from the MDC"
1025:"2018夜夜射天天拍在线 日日日射夜2017日日啪 2018天天啪天天爽国产"
773:Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga
705:Freedom Justice Coalition Zimbabwe Party
1393:Movement for Democratic Change Alliance
57:"List of political parties in Zimbabwe"
2173:
1399:Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube
799:Zimbabwe National Revival Party - ZNRP
686:A Road to Freedom Progress and Success
2181:Lists of political parties by country
1750:
1440:Zimbabwe United People's Organisation
1306:United Movement for Democratic Change
1288:National Alliance for Good Governance
1179:
877:Zimbabwe United People's Organisation
738:National Alliance for Good Governance
2201:Lists of political parties in Africa
1778:List of political parties in Africa
1088:
1086:
710:International Socialist Organisation
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
13:
1502:Responsible Government Association
919:Responsible Government Association
866:Zimbabwe People's Democratic Party
818:
794:Zimbabwe National Democratic Party
679:Zimbabwe African National Congress
14:
2212:
1544:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party
1375:Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
1147:
1083:
955:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party
830:Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
541:Zimbabwe African National Union –
498:
2077:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1847:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1720:
1358:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance (ZYA)
1300:Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland
1243:
748:Patriotic Union of MaNdebeleland
672:
132:
22:
2191:Zimbabwe politics-related lists
1550:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party
1428:Zimbabwe African National Union
1422:United African National Council
1329:Zimbabwe African People's Union
961:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party
860:Zimbabwe African National Union
854:United African National Council
778:Zimbabwe African People's Union
33:needs additional citations for
1532:Rhodesian White People's Party
1387:Movement for Democratic Change
1133:
1069:
1043:
1017:
991:
943:Rhodesian White People's Party
592:Movement for Democratic Change
1:
2186:Political parties in Zimbabwe
1562:United National Federal Party
1234:Citizens Coalition for Change
1141:"Official Government Gazette"
984:
973:United National Federal Party
753:Riseup Zimbabwe Freedom Party
723:Matabeleland Peoples Congress
633:Citizens Coalition For Change
915:Mthwakazi United Party (MUP)
768:Youth Zimbabwe Freedom Party
7:
883:
823:
10:
2217:
1341:Zimbabwe Development Party
808:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance
2090:
2065:
1784:
1716:
1688:
1629:
1606:
1577:
1491:National Democratic Party
1449:
1410:People's Democratic Party
1365:
1252:
1241:
1217:
1109:10.1007/978-3-030-30553-6
728:Movement for People First
691:African People's Congress
510:
1832:Central African Republic
1294:National Patriotic Front
1282:Mthwakazi Republic Party
812:Zimbabwe Communist Party
743:National Patriotic Front
733:Mthwakazi Republic Party
370:Administrative divisions
1526:Rhodesia National Party
1434:Zimbabwe Unity Movement
1381:Forum Party of Zimbabwe
871:Zimbabwe Unity Movement
1508:Rhodesian Action Party
1260:Coalition of Democrats
925:Rhodesian Action Party
423:Diplomatic missions of
155:Constitutional history
1992:São Tomé and Príncipe
1852:Republic of the Congo
1568:United Rhodesia Party
1520:Rhodesia Labour Party
1353:Zimbabwe Labour Party
1312:United People's Party
979:United Rhodesia Party
945:(RWPP) (1976) Banned.
937:Rhodesia Labour Party
763:United People's Party
1736:Politics of Zimbabwe
1556:United Federal Party
1459:Central Africa Party
1347:Zimbabwe First Party
1103:. pp. 155–156.
967:United Federal Party
890:Central Africa Party
789:Zimbabwe First Party
352:Electoral Commission
195:Constantino Chiwenga
125:Politics of Zimbabwe
42:improve this article
2067:States with limited
1669:(ZANU, ZANU–Ndonga)
1271:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
1005:on 11 November 2014
569:African nationalism
520:Political position
485:This article lists
1731:Parties by country
1667:Ndabaningi Sithole
1597:Emmerson Mnangagwa
1366:Defunct Zimbabwean
1101:Palgrave Macmillan
1031:on 29 January 2019
561:Left-wing populism
551:Emmerson Mnangagwa
183:Emmerson Mnangagwa
2168:
2167:
2094:other territories
1867:Equatorial Guinea
1744:
1743:
1673:Morgan Tsvangirai
1620:Morgan Tsvangirai
1476:Confederate Party
1470:City Youth League
1450:Defunct Rhodesian
1266:Liberal Democrats
1207:Political parties
1057:on 10 August 2015
927:(RAP) (1977-1979)
901:Confederate Party
718:Liberal Democrats
670:
669:
488:political parties
483:
482:
440:Visa requirements
400:Foreign relations
357:Political parties
242:National Assembly
118:
117:
110:
92:
2208:
2155:
2154:(United Kingdom)
2150:Tristan da Cunha
2146:Ascension Island
2138:
2125:
2116:
2092:Dependencies and
1785:Sovereign states
1771:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1724:
1643:Arthur Mutambara
1416:Republican Front
1247:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1177:
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1151:
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1144:
1137:
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1090:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1053:. Archived from
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1027:. Archived from
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1001:. Archived from
995:
848:Republican Front
700:FreeZim Congress
665:
658:
651:Social democracy
624:
617:
610:Social democracy
600:Douglas Mwonzora
583:
576:
508:
507:
475:
468:
461:
345:
328:
136:
120:
119:
113:
106:
102:
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50:
26:
18:
2216:
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2209:
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2170:
2169:
2164:
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2153:
2136:
2123:
2114:
2095:
2093:
2086:
2070:
2068:
2061:
1780:
1775:
1745:
1740:
1712:
1698:(ZANU, ZANU–PF)
1684:
1657:(ZAPU, ZANU–PF)
1625:
1607:Prime Ministers
1602:
1573:
1514:Rhodesian Front
1451:
1445:
1405:Patriotic Front
1367:
1361:
1248:
1239:
1213:
1204:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1159:Bulawayo24 News
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1023:
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1018:
1008:
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996:
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987:
931:Rhodesian Front
886:
842:Patriotic Front
826:
821:
819:Defunct parties
816:
675:
666:
663:
659:
656:
625:
622:
618:
615:
584:
581:
577:
574:
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563:
543:Patriotic Front
542:
506:
501:
479:
450:
449:
431:
419:
413:Frederick Shava
402:
392:
391:
372:
362:
361:
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297:
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173:
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127:
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97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2166:
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2159:Western Sahara
2156:
2139:
2126:
2117:
2103:Canary Islands
2099:
2098:
2096:
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1969:
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1733:
1728:
1717:
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1692:
1690:
1689:Armed factions
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1661:Welshman Ncube
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1637:Nelson Chamisa
1633:
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1481:Dominion Party
1478:
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1443:
1437:
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1396:
1395:(MDC-Alliance)
1390:
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1371:
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1362:
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1359:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
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1320:
1318:United Parties
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1016:
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988:
986:
983:
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981:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
913:
908:
906:Dominion Party
903:
898:
892:
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882:
881:
880:
874:
868:
863:
857:
851:
845:
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796:
791:
786:
781:
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758:United Parties
755:
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745:
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735:
730:
725:
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712:
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692:
689:
683:
680:
676:
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671:
668:
667:
662:
660:
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648:
643:
641:Nelson Chamisa
638:
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619:
614:
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573:
571:
565:Pan-Africanism
558:
553:
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521:
518:
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512:
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499:Active parties
497:
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452:
451:
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254:Constituencies
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239:
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237:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
209:
204:
203:
202:
197:
190:Vice-President
187:
186:
185:
174:
171:
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162:
157:
151:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2213:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Guinea-Bissau
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
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1790:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1767:
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1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
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1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1649:Abel Muzorewa
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:Robert Mugabe
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:Robert Mugabe
1589:
1586:
1585:Canaan Banana
1583:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:Federal Party
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1351:
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59: –
58:
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53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2142:Saint Helena
2113:
2056:
2017:South Africa
2007:Sierra Leone
1812:Burkina Faso
1675:(MDC, MDC–T)
1655:Joshua Nkomo
1639:(MDC–T, CCC)
1497:Reform Party
1464:Centre Party
1206:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:
1149:
1135:
1095:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:the original
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:the original
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:the original
993:
895:Centre Party
682:ERA Zimbabwe
486:
484:
356:
334:Referendums
200:Kembo Mohadi
160:Human rights
148:Constitution
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
2069:recognition
2022:South Sudan
1912:Ivory Coast
1164:19 November
836:Forum Party
646:Centre-left
605:Centre-left
445:Visa policy
427:in Zimbabwe
219:Legislature
2175:Categories
2124:(Portugal)
2082:Somaliland
2002:Seychelles
1967:Mozambique
1952:Mauritania
1937:Madagascar
1892:The Gambia
1827:Cape Verde
1630:Key people
1578:Presidents
1349:(ZimFirst)
1009:23 October
985:References
411:Minister:
225:Parliament
172:Government
68:newspapers
1957:Mauritius
1679:Ian Smith
1616:(ZANU–PF)
1599:(ZANU–PF)
1593:(ZANU–PF)
1337:(ZAPU–FP)
1230:(ZANU–PF)
1127:226499357
582:181 / 270
523:Ideology
382:Districts
377:Provinces
287:Elections
268:Judiciary
235:President
178:President
98:July 2016
2148: /
2144: /
2137:(France)
2131: /
2109: /
2105: /
2057:Zimbabwe
2032:Tanzania
1882:Ethiopia
1877:Eswatini
1857:Djibouti
1822:Cameroon
1807:Botswana
1726:Politics
1211:Zimbabwe
1061:9 August
1035:12 March
884:Rhodesia
824:Zimbabwe
664:19 / 270
623:68 / 270
556:Big tent
547:ZANU–PF
532:Assembly
492:Zimbabwe
435:Passport
293:General
2133:Réunion
2129:Mayotte
2120:Madeira
2115:(Spain)
2111:Melilla
2042:Tunisia
2012:Somalia
1997:Senegal
1982:Nigeria
1972:Namibia
1962:Morocco
1927:Liberia
1922:Lesotho
1872:Eritrea
1842:Comoros
1817:Burundi
1792:Algeria
1708:FROLIZI
1663:(MDC–N)
1645:(MDC–M)
1622:(MDC–T)
1540:(SRANC)
1452:parties
1401:(MDC–N)
1368:parties
1278:(MDC–T)
1221:parties
951:(SRANC)
688:(ARFPS)
616:26 / 80
575:34 / 80
517:Leader
247:Speaker
207:Cabinet
82:scholar
2152:
2135:
2122:
2052:Zambia
2047:Uganda
1987:Rwanda
1942:Malawi
1902:Guinea
1797:Angola
1704:(ZAPU)
1651:(UANC)
1587:(ZANU)
1564:(UNFP)
1552:(SRLP)
1546:(SRCP)
1534:(RWPP)
1442:(ZUPO)
1430:(ZANU)
1424:(UANC)
1331:(ZAPU)
1308:(UMDC)
1302:(PUMA)
1290:(NAGG)
1262:(CODE)
1125:
1115:
975:(UNFP)
963:(SRLP)
957:(SRCP)
879:(ZUPO)
862:(ZANU)
856:(UANC)
780:(ZAPU)
657:0 / 80
527:Senate
514:Abbr.
230:Senate
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
2107:Ceuta
2027:Sudan
1977:Niger
1932:Libya
1917:Kenya
1897:Ghana
1887:Gabon
1862:Egypt
1802:Benin
1702:ZIPRA
1696:ZANLA
1570:(URP)
1558:(UFP)
1528:(RNP)
1522:(RLP)
1510:(RAP)
1504:(RGA)
1493:(NDP)
1472:(CYL)
1436:(ZUM)
1412:(PDP)
1389:(MDC)
1383:(FPZ)
1377:(CAZ)
1355:(ZLP)
1343:(ZDP)
1314:(UPP)
1296:(NPF)
1284:(MRP)
1236:(CCC)
1123:S2CID
969:(UFP)
939:(RLP)
921:(RGA)
873:(ZUM)
838:(FPZ)
832:(CAZ)
511:Name
387:Wards
89:JSTOR
75:books
2037:Togo
1947:Mali
1837:Chad
1681:(RF)
1516:(RF)
1466:(CP)
1418:(RF)
1166:2022
1113:ISBN
1063:2015
1037:2020
1011:2014
897:(CP)
850:(RF)
844:(PF)
637:CCC
596:MDC
343:2013
340:2000
326:2023
323:2018
320:2013
317:2008
314:2005
311:2000
308:1995
305:1990
302:1985
299:1980
61:news
1209:in
1105:doi
490:in
44:by
2177::
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1085:^
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1039:.
1013:.
474:e
467:t
460:v
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
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