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192:(Vulpes lagopus). The red fox was initially farmed in 1895 in Prince Edward Island in an attempt to boost the number of silver fox (melanistic fox) pelts which were the most coveted at the time. As well as silver and red foxes, farms were also able to breed other natural morphs such as cross (partially melanistic) and albino fox pelts. As time progressed farmers started to produce foxes of various colors such as marble (white with a different colored stripe down the back), platinum (light silver with white face and neck marking), and amber (a light brown). Farmed red foxes express a wide variety of colors, longer fur, thicker neck ruffs, and are significantly larger than wild foxes.
169:, while cross foxes are mostly used for scarves and very rarely trimming. The number of sold fox scarves exceeds the total number of scarves made from other furbearers. However, this amount is overshadowed by the total number of fox pelts used for trimming purposes. The silver morphs are the most valued by furriers, followed by the cross and red morphs respectively. In the early 20th century, over 1,000 American fox skins were imported to Britain annually, while 500,000 were exported annually from Germany and Russia. The total worldwide trade of wild red foxes in 1985–86 was 1,543,995 pelts. Foxes amounted to 45% of US wild-caught pelts worth $ 50 million.
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312:
479:
592:
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633:. The quality of wolf peltries rests on the density and strength of the fur fiber, which keeps the fur upright and gives the pelt an appealing bushy aspect. These characteristics are mostly found in northern wolf populations, but gradually lessen further south in warmer climates. North American wolf pelts are among the most valuable, as they are silkier and fluffier than Eurasian peltries. The pelts of wolves killed by poison are mostly worthless.
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201:
126:
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212:) is currently the most popular of all the farmed fox species, particularly the blue fox (white with grey tips) and the shadow blue fox (all white). The overwhelming popularity of this fox has to do with the size of the production of arctic fox pelts and the dyeable nature of the color lead it to being a very accessible fur for designers and furriers to work with.
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exception, as they have extremely coarse pelts that rarely exceed a third of the price of their northern
Alaskan cousins. Most European peltries have very coarse textured fur compared to North American varieties. The only exceptions are the Nordic and Far Eastern Russian peltries, but they are still inferior to North American peltries in terms of silkiness.
37:
539:, a species of marten, is primarily found in Russia through the Ural Mountains of Siberia. Their fur is soft and silkier than American martens and is mostly used for jackets, scarfs, and hats and gloves. Crown sable (also known as Russian or Imperial sable) was the finest and most expensive quality of sable.
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can be as expensive as exotic furs for their unique patterning and short hair. Persian lamb is also popular, as well as lamb with tight curls. Most lambs made into fur were slaughtered for their meat or due to illness, not to make fur garments. This makes lamb a more ethical choice for people who are
542:
Sables have been a status symbol throughout history, with the
Russian nobility coveting their skins. Russia still controls the world's sable supply with auctions for their furs in the region still demanding high prices. Although sables are farmed for their furs, breeding them is incredibly difficult,
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The most expensive type of lynx fur is produced with only the white underbellies of the animals creating a pure white coat with dramatic black spots. The underbellies are very small, leading to the coats being difficult to make. The backs of most lynx have little to no spots, instead characterized by
111:
fur varies from grayish brown to nearly black. The fur measures about two and one-half inches in length. It is used mainly for muffs and neck, shoulder pieces. The trapping of fishers is restricted in many States leading to it becoming a more uncommon type of fur in comparison to the mink. Fisher fur
85:
Sheared beaver is slightly less durable, with an Austin score of 85/100, but has a velvet-like texture and is very plush. The process of shearing involves shearing the pelt to make it shorter and then plucking all the guard hairs to reveal only the soft underfur beneath, this underwool is what beaver
48:
fur is one of the most expensive and luxurious of all fur types. Each follicle on a chinchilla's body produces 60 hairs, making the fur the densest of any land-dwelling mammal. The most common coloration for chinchillas is a medium grey body, black dorsal stripe, and white underbelly but other colors
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eat their way through an estimated 20,000 tonnes of greenery each night. They are legally considered a pest. Since the mid-1990s, New
Zealand manufacturers have been developing techniques to spin the hollow possum fur fibres with other yarns, such as merino wool and silk, creating a unique fabric of
454:
are the most sought after rabbit pelts. Rex rabbits have a rare gene that causes them to have no guard hairs, only soft underfur. This makes all the fur on the pelt of equal length and incredibly soft to the touch. While the pelts of regular rabbits are often used in utilitarian garments for warmth,
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fur is about an inch long, erect, and thick. It is durable, ranking with mink fur, and is used chiefly for trimming garments. Otter fur is typically used in men's fashion as it has a dark brown, rugged look. River otters are currently the most common species currently used in the fur trade after the
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fur is traditionally sheared, dyed and plucked. Its light weight makes it suitable for linings as well as coats, accessories and trims. Sometimes is now used without shearing or plucking, with the most valuable furs being in the richer browns. It is sometimes promoted as a 'guilt-free' fur, as it is
514:
Finnraccoon is characterized by its caramel-brown fur, grey underfur, and black tipped guard hairs often with the tip of the shaft featuring a speck of white. Although this orangish brown color is the most common, finnraccoon also naturally comes in dark brown, natural white, cream with light brown
366:
Up until the invention of the fur sewing machine, mink fur was unpopular. Wild mink are small mammals, males weighing 1 kg (2 lb 3 oz), making them difficult to work into a full garment. Once the fur sewing machine and fur farming became popular it was possible to breed farmed minks to be
219:
Some unethical fur farmers breed their blue foxes to be too large, overfeeding or inbreeding them into unhealthy sizes to make the pelts larger. Although WelFur program is implementing procedures to stop this practice in the
European Union, this practice has yet to be regulated in the United States
724:
in Maori) was introduced to New
Zealand in 1837, where unlike Australia, there are no natural predators. This has resulted in an enormous wild population, approximately 70 million, that has a catastrophic effect on natural vegetation. Not to be confused with the North American opossum, a different
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fur is of medium length, erect, and possesses a sheen. However, protracted use causes it to fade from a glistening black to a dull reddish brown. Before the mid-20th century, skunk fur was also described and marketed as "Alaska sable". Skunk fur farming was documented in the United States and the
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are considered furbearers, albeit ones of low quality due to their sparse, coarse and monotonously colored fur. Asiatic and Near
Eastern jackals produce the coarsest pelts, though this can be remedied during the dressing process. As jackal hairs have very little fur fiber, their skins have a flat
81:
fur has long been used in making muffs, stoles, collars, trimmings, and felt for hats. The
American beaver scores a 90/100 on the Austin Fur Durability chart making it practical for utilitarian items such as linings. In the 21st century beaver is considered a premium fur and is often seen as very
262:
in northern Iran. Jackals are known to have been hunted for their fur in the 19th century: in the 1880s, 200 jackals were captured annually in Mervsk. In the
Zakatal area of the Trans-Caucasus, 300 jackals were captured in 1896. During that period, a total of 10,000 jackals had been taken within
228:
Hybrid foxes, made by artificially inseminating a female arctic fox with the zygotes of a male red fox, are larger than either of their parent species and are born infertile. It's unknown if these foxes suffer from any negative health side-affects as they're not kept longer than pelting season.
172:
North
American red foxes, particularly those of northern Alaska, are the most valued for their fur, as they have guard hairs of a very silky texture that, after dressing, provide less restricted mobility to the wearer. Red foxes in southern Alaska's coastal areas and the Aleutian Islands are an
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In temperate climates, the highest-quality furs are obtained in winter from rabbits over five months old, when the thickness of the fur is even; at other times of year, varying degrees of hair shedding causes uneven patches in the fur. The coat is also at its thickest at this time of year. The
362:
fur is the most popular fur traded worldwide. Its fur is durable, and the hairs are rather short, but very thick and soft. The guard hairs do not break readily, and the underfur does not tend to become matted. Sunlight gradually fades its original dark brown color a warmer tone, making it less
215:
Fur farming of blue foxes started as early as the 18th century with
Russian fur traders transplanting blue foxes onto islands which previously had no foxes. These transplanted foxes would be caught during pelting season, with the best foxes released back onto the island to breed and the others
65:
is dense and durable, available in a wide range of colors and qualities depending on the subspecies of coyote the fur was harvested from. Primarily seen as a pest animal, coyotes are not often utilized for their fur, although they are perfect for practical garments. The long guard hairs, often
52:
Indigenous to South America, chinchilla fur became first became popular in the 19th century in Western countries where the unregulated hunting of wild chinchillas quickly led to their becoming an endangered species in their native range. In 1923 chinchillas were brought to the United States of
696:
being the largest importers. Overall, the harvesting of wolves for their fur has little impact on their population, as only the northern varieties (whose numbers are stable) are of commercial value. Wolf trapping for fur remains a lucrative source of income for many Native Americans.
263:
Russia, and were sent exclusively to the Nizhegorod fair. In the early 1930s, 20–25 thousand jackal skins were tanned annually in the Soviet Union, though the stocks were significantly underused, as over triple that amount could have been produced. Before 1949 and the onset of the
267:, the majority of jackal skins were exported to the US. Despite their geographical variations, jackal skins are not graded according to a fur standard, and are typically used in the manufacture of cheap collars, women's coats and fur coats. Jackal fur is still valued by the
518:
Due to the finnraccoons' omivourous diet and adaptable nature, they're illegal to import live into the United States so can only be farmed in Asia and Europe. Escaped finnraccoon are a highly invasive species in Europe and have been spotted in urban areas.
563:, is a by-product of the meat and wool industry and is considered the most common type of fur and one of the most affordable. Not only is shearling incredibly durable, but is also affordable due to the production of sheep for other products.
229:
Golden Island Foxes are the offspring of a female white artic fox and a common male red fox, they are the most popular type of hybrid fox. Other popular types of hybrid fox, often called 'frost fox' are blue frost and arctic marble frosts.
458:
Rabbit is the least durable of all furs, scoring 5/100 on the Austin chart of durability. Rabbit is also the cheapest of all fur. If a rabbit fur garment is shedding fur this means that it is dry rotted and can no longer be repaired.
333:
The stone martens that are the most valuable have a bluish cast to the fur with the underfur being lighter, and were popular in the 50's with stone marten stoles, typically made of three to five pelts, being features in shows such as
511:. While often called "raccoon fur", the raccoon dog, or tanuki, is actually a type of canine and is far more common in the fur trade as compared with North American raccoons. Finnraccoon fur is used for whole garments or hood trims.
515:
tips, and even a 'marble' variety. Brightly dyed Finnraccoon is increasingly popular to make parka trims. The furs of a finnraccoon are longer than that of red foxes, making them the longest furred animals of the farmed furbearers.
494:
fur is mottled gray in color and about two and one-half inches long on animals from northern United States. In the southern United States the fur is shorter. Raccoon fur reached a heyday in the United States during the 1920s, when
303:
their cream and light grey coloration. Often mistaken for fox, lynx fur can be very long and silky, but is less durable then fox. The pelts of bobcats feature shorter fur but often have darker markings.
2107:"Wolf and coyote trapping; an up-to-date wolf hunter's guide, giving the most successful methods of experienced "wolfers" for hunting and trapping these animals, also gives their habits in detail"
340:
Martens are desirable due to their mid-length fur and the durability of the hair follicles. The pelt of a marten possesses an oily texture similar to mink, but a longer silky hair such as a fox.
439:
a year in France alone. However, the quality of fur from these rabbits tends to be low, as the rabbits are slaughtered before reaching twelve weeks old and still have the infant coat.
730:
incomparable quality, warmth and durability. Amongst the top three warmest furs in the world, along with the Polar bear and Arctic fox, possum fur has become a viable eco-fur.
184:
The greatest source of fox pelts is from fur farms located in Scandinavia, Canada, the United States, Russia, and China. The two most commonly farmed species of fox are the
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United Kingdom as skunks are docile and resilient against predators but suffered from a lack of demand due to the unpopular associations between skunk and their spray.
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sports a reddish brown coat and an orange-tinted throat, but their numbers in the wild were depleted until after the turn of the century. Their European cousin the
322:, the American equivalent of the sable, have a fur length of about one and one-half inches long. The color varies from pale grey to orange-brown and dark brown.
216:
harvested for their pelts. This rudimentary fur farming became increasingly popular and eventually led to the incredibly large number blue fox pelts seen today.
53:
America to be bred for their fur as the hunting of wild chinchillas became illegal; these were the antecedents of all chinchillas used in the fur trade today.
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is a luxurious type of fur renowned for its silky, plush fur and the striking spots on its pelt. The three most common types of lynx in the fur trade are the
1499:
482:
Finnraccoon (Asiaric raccoon dog) fur skins on display. Although often confused with the American raccoon, finnraccoons are a separate species.
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1759:
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is preferred to be combed and knitted due to its length, caused by an unusually long growth phase in the hair cycle, the consequence of a
416:
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assisted in transforming the wearers into werewolves. Several Native American tribes used wolf pelts for medicinal purposes, though some
348:
204:
Blue fox jacket. A color morph of the Arctic fox, blue fox can range from white with light grey tips all the way to a deep grey color.
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fur is commonly considered a byproduct of the process of breeding rabbits for meat, and as such is produced in large quantities in
640:
Europe, pelts were considered the only practical aspect of wolves, though they were seldom used, due to the skin's foul odour. In
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717:
100:
Faux fur or fake fur is a material made of synthetic fibers designed to resemble fur, normally as part of a piece of clothing.
1937:
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Finnraccoon (also called tanuki, finncoon, fincoon, Finnish raccoon, racoon dog, or just raccoon) is the fur of the
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became fashionable among college students to stay warm while traveling in automobiles and attending football games.
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felt is made out of. The under fur of a beaver is incredibly dense to keep the animal warm in freezing waters.
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Colors of farmed foxes. Top (left to right) - platinum, cross, standard red. Bottom - marble, pale red, smoky.
28:. Each type of fur serves its own purpose and has its own unique characteristics in garment manufacturing.
753:
652:
tribes favour dog skin over wolf skin, as the latter is thinner, and more prone to tearing when sewn. The
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significantly larger and to use a method called "letting out" to make the mink pelt almost twice as long.
2065:
Bachrach, Max (1953). "Fur: a practical treatise" (Document). New York : Prentice-Hall, 3rd edition.
1734:
885:"Principles and Practice of Fur Dressing and Fur Dyeing, by William E. Austin—A Project Gutenberg eBook"
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1258:"[Crossing blue fox (Alopex lagopus) to red fox (Vulpes vulpes) using artificial insemination]"
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coats and fur garments, including evening wraps. The pelts of silver-morph foxes are popular as
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Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears)
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884:
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299:. Due to CITES regulations, special permits are required to trap, sell, and own lynx furs.
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676:, between 1976 and 1988, 30,000 wolf pelts were produced annually. Recent statistics from
8:
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2654:
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Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs – 2004 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
2093:
2035:
1710:
250:
1636:
793:
311:
3803:
2966:
2855:
2821:
2816:
2789:
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2559:
1660:
1539:
936:
657:
508:
67:
4249:
4173:
4116:
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3833:
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3328:
3302:
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2865:
2850:
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1957:
1933:
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1114:
924:
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807:
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150:
591:
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4027:
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3365:
2811:
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797:
185:
176:
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478:
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108:
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indicate that 6,000–7,000 wolf skins are internationally traded each year, with
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467:
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142:
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Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution
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25:
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36:
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2415:
2410:
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908:
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is more durable and water resistant than other types of fur such as fox.
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70:, are dark and long making them suited for parka ruffs similar to wolf.
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Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffman, Michael; MacDonald, David W. (2004),
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158:
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1862:"Fur Farming for Profit, with Especial Reference to Skunk Raising"
447:, and typically constitute less than half of all pelts collected.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
870:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
778:"Effect of ancient Inuit fur parka ruffs on facial heat transfer"
491:
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rex rabbits are made into higher grade garments and accessories.
428:
137:
are among the most important furbearing animals harvested by the
1612:
913:. David W. Macdonald. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. 2001.
49:
such as mosaic (white and grey), and all white are also common.
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1617:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Lebas, F.; Coudert, P.; Rouvier, R.; de Rochambeau, H. (1986).
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wore wolf skins as capes when exploring enemy territories. The
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along the Caspian shoreline, as it is lighter and warmer than
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The Mode in Furs: A Historical Survey with 680 Illustrations
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1135:"Fox farming: facts, figures, statistics | Truth About Fur"
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in south-eastern Australia prior to European colonization.
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of women's garments, though they are occasionally used for
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opposed to the killing of animals strictly for their fur.
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21:
1208:"Hugely overweight foxes revealed on Finnish fur farms"
1476:"The rise and fall of the real fur industry in the US"
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470:. Angora rabbit pelts are typically hard to come by.
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Cotel, Aj; Golingo, R; Oakes, Je; Riewe, Rr (2004).
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1113:. Fairbanks: University of Alaska. pp. 16–19.
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2036:"Fur Explainer: Possum & Opossum • We Are Fur"
1984:
1540:"letting-out process | fur industry | Britannica"
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1352:. Science Publishers, Inc. USA. pp. 160–61.
1233:"Fur Farms | WelFur Farm Certification in Europe"
386:considered a pest in the southern United States.
161:. They are principally used as trimming for both
4283:
1056:"The Fur Trade: The Journey from Trap to Market"
44:Characterized by their dense, velvety texture,
1438:
826:"Why are Parka Ruffs Made with Wolverine Fur?"
700:
2215:
1927:
1795:. Elliott, Thomes & Talbot: 492–493. 1866
1760:"Everything You Need to Know About Sable Fur"
1615:"The rabbit husbandry, health and production"
1345:
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315:Historical Marten Fur Muff, England 1900-1910
40:Chinchilla fur garments on display in Ushuaia
1556:
1498:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1474:Miller, Anneke Ball, Noah Lewis, Mark Adam.
1043:Sillero-Zubiri, Hoffman & MacDonald 2004
355:in a sapphire mink coat before a performance
330:is a paler beige color with a cream throat.
2151:Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation
2148:
2008:
1515:American Fox and Fur Farmer (August 1921),
543:meaning many are still hunted in the wild.
420:Men's vest and hat made from rex rabbit fur
2222:
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2137:Mamallian Species No. 37, pp. 1–6, 5 figs.
1930:Blood sport: hunting in Britain since 1066
1184:"What fur is this? Our guide to fur types"
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20:describes the characteristics of types of
2070:Coppinger, Ray; Coppinger, Lorna (2001).
1735:"Invasive Alien species - The Racoon Dog"
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1339:
1181:
960:"Fur Types in Brief | Fur Commission USA"
801:
3314:
2109:. Columbus, Ohio, A. R. Harding pub. co.
2064:
1889:
1563:Grossman, Anna Jane (17 November 2010).
1562:
1372:
1093:
1081:
1006:
994:
982:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
751:
684:, the former Soviet Union, Mongolia and
664:during the later stages of WWII and the
590:
526:
477:
415:
347:
310:
245:Although no longer popular globally, in
236:
199:
195:
175:
124:
35:
2149:Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi (2003).
2144:. The American Society of Mammologists.
2104:
1915:
1909:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1883:
1881:
566:The furs of some types of lamb such as
443:highest quality pelts are suitable for
258:appearance. The softest furs come from
4284:
4085:
1859:
1837:"Skunk Fur, Why Have We Forsaken You?"
1684:
1565:"Is their pest your clean conscience?"
1506:
1346:Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998).
1336:
1255:
978:
976:
668:to protect the faces of soldiers from
2203:
2113:
1996:
1972:
1956:(1979) p. 121, Paddington Press Ltd.
1932:. Yale University Press. p. 65.
1921:
1104:
1102:
842:
688:being the largest exporters, and the
2132:
2092:
1990:
1966:
1904:
1895:
1878:
1834:
1366:
1087:
1075:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1000:
954:
952:
546:
4230:Global trade of secondhand clothing
2177:, IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group,
1978:
1860:Laymon, Hermon Basil (1913-12-02).
988:
973:
486:
13:
1473:
1099:
283:The third most expensive fur, the
14:
4308:
1397:"What is the Most Expensive Fur?"
949:
503:Finnraccoon (Asiatic raccoon dog)
4266:
1520:
865:
232:
2153:. University of Chicago Press.
2118:. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited.
2105:Harding, Arthur Robert (1909).
2057:
2028:
2014:
2002:
1946:
1853:
1828:
1807:
1777:
1752:
1727:
1703:
1678:
1653:
1629:
1606:
1582:
1532:
1467:
1414:
1389:
1378:
1312:
1288:
1249:
1225:
1200:
1182:Kotipelto, Tytti (2021-12-13).
1175:
1151:
1127:
1048:
555:and lamb, often referred to as
1985:Coppinger & Coppinger 2001
1825:(2004 reprint of 1921 edition)
901:
877:
818:
769:
745:
188:(Vulpes vulpes fulva) and the
1:
2133:Mech, L. David (2 May 1974).
1109:Crawford Itso, Sarah (2012).
733:
605:pelts are primarily used for
223:
31:
2229:
1296:"Hybrid Fox Color Mutations"
1159:"Arctic Fox Color Mutations"
586:
435:; more than seventy million
133:Because of their abundance,
7:
1739:European Wilderness Society
1594:www.montereybayaquarium.org
910:The encyclopedia of mammals
858:American Fox and Fur Farmer
718:Australian brushtail possum
701:Australian brushtail possum
208:The fur of the arctic fox (
141:. Their pelts are used for
10:
4313:
4240:List of individual dresses
2100:. Longmans, Green, and Co.
1835:Ward, Simon (2015-12-15).
1685:Wilcox, R. Turner (2010).
1385:Animals of the Caspian Sea
409:
374:
120:
93:
4263:
4146:
4076:
3948:
3905:
3847:
3769:
3721:
3521:
3440:
3310:
3295:
3255:
3187:
3161:
3147:
3074:
3024:
2937:
2923:
2760:
2610:
2471:
2374:
2272:
2237:
1789:Ballou's Monthly Magazine
1262:Nordisk Veterinaermedicin
1256:Nyberg, K. (March 1980).
531:Bargusin sable-fur jacket
405:
402:was declared endangered.
370:
306:
249:and other nations of the
103:
82:attractive to designers.
73:
56:
2114:Lopez, Barry H. (1978).
1815:The Fur Trade of America
738:
574:
522:
389:
324:The American pine marten
2009:Mech & Boitani 2003
1689:. Courier Corporation.
1111:The Fur Farms of Alaska
752:Lawrence (2022-11-14).
709:were used as cloaks by
707:common brushtail possum
474:Raccoon and finnraccoon
343:
278:
89:
4245:Reconstructed clothing
1928:Griffin, Emma (2007).
941:: CS1 maint: others (
599:
532:
483:
421:
363:attractive with time.
356:
316:
242:
205:
181:
130:
115:
41:
4297:Fashion-related lists
1954:The Werewolf Delusion
1139:www.truthaboutfur.com
642:Scandinavian folklore
594:
530:
481:
419:
410:Further information:
351:
314:
240:
203:
196:Arctic fox (blue fox)
179:
128:
39:
4186:Environmental impact
2094:Dale, Thomas Francis
1637:"Rex fur production"
1449:"Fur types in brief"
754:"Chinchilla History"
18:list of types of fur
4273:Clothing portal
2022:"Possum skin cloak"
1422:"Lynx lynx | CITES"
794:2004ClRes..26...77C
660:used wolf skin for
509:Asiatic raccoon dog
251:former Soviet Union
1999:, pp. 111–112
1544:www.britannica.com
830:Thats Life Science
658:United States Army
600:
533:
484:
422:
357:
317:
243:
241:Golden jackal pelt
206:
182:
131:
129:Wild red fox skins
42:
4279:
4278:
4250:Right to clothing
4174:Halloween costume
4142:
4141:
4117:black lounge suit
3717:
3716:
3517:
3516:
3291:
3290:
3070:
3069:
2116:Of Wolves and Men
1939:978-0-300-11628-1
1892:, pp. 205–13
1866:Gutenburg Library
1764:MARC KAUFMAN FURS
1696:978-0-486-47872-2
1665:Highland Rabbitry
1453:furcommission.com
1359:978-1-886106-81-9
1320:"Frost Fox Pelts"
1300:Living with Foxes
1212:Fur Free Alliance
1163:Living with Foxes
1120:978-1-60223-171-9
1084:, pp. 231–32
985:, pp. 229–30
889:www.gutenberg.org
711:Aboriginal people
547:Sheep (Shearling)
4304:
4271:
4270:
4255:Vintage clothing
4083:
4082:
4028:Pocket protector
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3268:Bodysuit, infant
3159:
3158:
2940:formal, informal
2935:
2934:
2775:Ceremonial dress
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2187:, archived from
2176:
2164:
2145:
2143:
2129:
2110:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2066:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2024:. 13 April 2021.
2018:
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1486:
1480:Business Insider
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:. Fur Commission
1445:
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1408:
1403:. 16 August 2021
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1268:(3–4): 132–138.
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1188:Choose Saga Furs
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805:
803:10.3354/cr026077
782:Climate Research
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
758:
749:
705:The skin of the
487:American raccoon
462:The hair of the
186:American red fox
4312:
4311:
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4306:
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4303:
4302:
4301:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4265:
4259:
4201:made-to-measure
4154:Clothing fetish
4138:
4072:
3944:
3901:
3843:
3819:Square leg suit
3765:
3741:Blanket sleeper
3713:
3704:Sleeved blanket
3513:
3436:
3301:
3299:
3287:
3263:Bodysuit, adult
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1910:
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1896:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1841:Truth About Fur
1833:
1829:
1813:Laut, Agnes C.
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1237:www.furmark.com
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353:Aretha Franklin
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4183:
4181:Cross-dressing
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3273:Long underwear
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3200:Training pants
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2146:
2135:"Canis lupus,
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2090:
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2067:
2061:
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2056:
2053:
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2027:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1952:Woodward, Ian
1945:
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1569:New York Times
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919:
900:
876:
841:
817:
768:
743:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
702:
699:
588:
585:
576:
573:
548:
545:
524:
521:
504:
501:
488:
485:
475:
472:
468:recessive gene
407:
404:
391:
388:
375:Main article:
372:
369:
345:
342:
308:
305:
280:
277:
255:golden jackals
234:
231:
225:
222:
210:Vulpes lagopus
197:
194:
122:
119:
117:
114:
105:
102:
94:Main article:
91:
88:
75:
72:
66:confused with
58:
55:
33:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4309:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
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4274:
4269:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4251:
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4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4206:ready-to-wear
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4196:haute couture
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:creature suit
4167:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:Clothing swap
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
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4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:morning dress
4098:
4097:
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4081:
4079:
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4069:
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4009:
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3999:
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3994:
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3989:
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3726:
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3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3687:dressing gown
3685:
3683:
3680:
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3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
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3418:
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3413:
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3408:
3404:
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3400:
3399:
3396:
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3391:
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3379:
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3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
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3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:Plastic pants
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
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3043:
3040:
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3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Princess line
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Bouffant gown
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:Formal, semi-
2936:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
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2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Pedal pushers
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
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2648:
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2643:
2641:
2638:
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2633:
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2600:
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2571:
2568:
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2300:
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2259:
2256:
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2241:
2240:
2236:
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2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2194:on 2011-05-19
2190:
2186:
2184:2-8317-0786-2
2180:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2160:0-226-51696-2
2156:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2125:0-7432-4936-4
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2085:0-684-85530-5
2081:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2011:, p. 329
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1975:, p. 105
1974:
1969:
1963:
1962:0-448-23170-0
1959:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1918:, p. 108
1917:
1912:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:Bachrach 1953
1886:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1823:9780766196162
1820:
1816:
1810:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1716:
1712:
1711:"Finnraccoon"
1706:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1666:
1662:
1661:"Rex Rabbits"
1656:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1616:
1609:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1527:public domain
1518:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1375:, p. 216
1374:
1373:Bachrach 1953
1369:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1340:
1325:
1324:FashionFinFur
1321:
1315:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1096:, p. 235
1095:
1094:Bachrach 1953
1090:
1083:
1082:Bachrach 1953
1078:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1045:, p. 134
1044:
1039:
1033:, p. 204
1032:
1027:
1021:, p. 207
1020:
1015:
1009:, p. 252
1008:
1007:Bachrach 1953
1003:
997:, p. 246
996:
995:Bachrach 1953
991:
984:
983:Bachrach 1953
979:
977:
961:
955:
953:
944:
938:
930:
926:
922:
920:0-7607-1969-1
916:
912:
911:
904:
890:
886:
880:
873:
872:public domain
863:
859:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
831:
827:
821:
813:
809:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
755:
748:
744:
731:
728:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
698:
695:
694:Great Britain
691:
690:United States
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
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584:
581:
572:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
544:
540:
538:
529:
520:
516:
512:
510:
500:
498:
497:raccoon coats
493:
480:
471:
469:
465:
464:Angora rabbit
460:
456:
453:
448:
446:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
413:
403:
401:
396:
387:
384:
378:
368:
364:
361:
354:
350:
341:
338:
337:
331:
329:
325:
321:
313:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:Canadian lynx
286:
276:
274:
270:
269:Kazakh people
266:
261:
256:
252:
248:
239:
233:Golden jackal
230:
221:
217:
213:
211:
202:
193:
191:
187:
178:
174:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
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136:
127:
113:
110:
101:
97:
87:
83:
80:
71:
69:
64:
54:
50:
47:
38:
29:
27:
23:
19:
4217:
4213:Fur clothing
4033:Pocket watch
3354:British Warm
3329:Chesterfield
3240:boxer shorts
3235:boxer briefs
2967:little black
2620:Bell-bottoms
2590:sweater vest
2189:the original
2170:
2150:
2136:
2115:
2078:. Scribner.
2073:
2058:Bibliography
2044:. Retrieved
2042:. 2017-08-15
2039:
2030:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1987:, p. 55
1980:
1968:
1953:
1948:
1929:
1923:
1916:Harding 1909
1911:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:
1830:
1814:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1792:
1788:
1779:
1768:. Retrieved
1766:. 2021-04-14
1763:
1754:
1743:. Retrieved
1741:. 2019-05-10
1738:
1729:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1686:
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1667:. 2022-11-19
1664:
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1641:www.cabi.org
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1534:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1452:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1380:
1368:
1348:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:
1314:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:
1290:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:
1227:
1216:. Retrieved
1214:. 2017-08-19
1211:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1177:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:
1153:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1110:
1089:
1077:
1067:10 September
1065:. Retrieved
1061:Outdoor Life
1059:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
964:. Retrieved
962:. 2016-01-25
909:
903:
892:. Retrieved
888:
879:
857:
833:. Retrieved
829:
820:
785:
781:
771:
760:. Retrieved
747:
726:
725:animal, the
721:
715:
704:
674:Soviet Union
644:, wolf-skin
635:
601:
578:
568:Karakul lamb
565:
550:
541:
534:
517:
513:
506:
490:
461:
457:
449:
441:
423:
393:
380:
365:
358:
339:
336:I Love Lucy.
335:
332:
328:stone marten
318:
301:
297:Russian lynx
282:
244:
227:
218:
214:
209:
207:
183:
171:
132:
107:
99:
84:
77:
60:
51:
43:
26:fur clothing
17:
15:
4112:Semi-formal
4078:Dress codes
3968:Boutonnière
3950:Accessories
3829:Swim diaper
3824:Swim briefs
3789:Boardshorts
3709:Windbreaker
3470:Suit jacket
3465:Mess jacket
3359:Guards Coat
3278:See-through
3042:Romper suit
2416:Neck gaiter
2411:Neckerchief
2258:Terminology
1799:14 February
1590:"Sea Otter"
1401:Fur Caravan
551:The fur of
452:rex rabbits
450:The fur of
412:Rabbit hair
381:Nutria, or
220:and China.
68:finnraccoon
61:The fur of
4286:Categories
4053:Suspenders
4048:Sunglasses
3983:Cummerbund
3973:Coin purse
3877:Flip-flops
3872:Dress shoe
3867:Dress boot
3862:Court shoe
3809:Rash guard
3756:Nightshirt
3630:Harrington
3588:pellegrina
3448:Frock coat
3441:Suit coats
3430:Mackintosh
3371:Over-frock
3230:Underpants
3179:Undershirt
3052:Shirtdress
2893:boilersuit
2790:diplomatic
2752:Yoga pants
2742:Sweatpants
2655:High water
2650:Go-to-hell
2543:sleeveless
2496:halterneck
2486:cache-cœur
2406:Lavallière
2253:Technology
2046:2022-11-19
2040:We Are Fur
1997:Lopez 1978
1973:Lopez 1978
1871:2022-11-19
1846:2022-11-19
1817:, p. 43.
1770:2022-11-19
1745:2022-11-16
1720:2022-11-19
1671:2022-11-19
1646:2022-11-19
1599:2022-11-19
1574:26 October
1549:2022-11-19
1485:2022-11-19
1459:26 October
1431:2022-11-19
1407:2022-11-19
1329:2022-11-19
1305:2022-11-19
1242:2022-11-19
1218:2022-11-19
1193:2022-11-19
1168:2022-11-19
1144:2022-11-19
966:2022-07-31
894:2022-11-15
835:2022-11-18
762:2022-11-16
734:References
666:Korean War
377:Nutria fur
295:, and the
224:Hybrid Fox
190:arctic fox
46:chinchilla
32:Chinchilla
4122:black tie
4105:white tie
4013:Jewellery
3930:Pantyhose
3804:One-piece
3751:Nightgown
3723:Nightwear
3561:Inverness
3556:ferraiolo
3381:shadbelly
3349:Greatcoat
3316:Overcoats
3303:outerwear
3149:Underwear
3104:Miniskirt
3089:Ballerina
3006:Strapless
2984:debutante
2979:ball gown
2957:Coatdress
2898:cleanroom
2856:Religious
2851:Political
2747:Windpants
2685:Parachute
2602:Waistcoat
2580:polo neck
2098:"The fox"
1905:Mech 1974
1426:cites.org
1274:0029-1579
1031:Dale 1906
1019:Dale 1906
937:cite book
812:0936-577X
788:: 77–84.
672:. In the
670:frostbite
611:trimmings
587:Grey wolf
561:sheepskin
557:shearling
400:sea otter
273:sheepskin
143:trimmings
139:fur trade
135:red foxes
4129:Informal
4058:Umbrella
4003:Headband
3978:Cufflink
3935:Stocking
3920:Hold-ups
3849:Footwear
3799:Monokini
3794:Dry suit
3771:Swimwear
3746:Negligee
3736:Babygrow
3731:Babydoll
3699:Ski suit
3682:bathrobe
3662:Lab coat
3640:mackinaw
3583:mozzetta
3573:monastic
3534:pinafore
3497:Tailcoat
3425:Raincoat
3205:Leggings
3174:Camisole
3154:lingerie
3062:Sundress
2962:Cocktail
2947:Backless
2888:Workwear
2871:vestment
2866:clerical
2846:Pantsuit
2812:Military
2807:Jumpsuit
2802:Jodhpuri
2780:academic
2767:uniforms
2737:Slim-fit
2725:hotpants
2675:Overalls
2670:Jodhpurs
2612:Trousers
2565:guernsey
2560:cardigan
2501:tube top
2491:crop top
2399:Clerical
2376:Neckwear
2351:Kerchief
2292:baseball
2274:Headwear
2263:Timeline
2248:Industry
2231:Clothing
2096:(1906).
1715:Sagafurs
1494:cite web
929:48048972
860:(1921)
638:Medieval
617:, short
609:and the
597:fur coat
445:clothing
265:Cold War
96:Fake fur
24:used in
4225:Fursuit
4191:Fashion
4164:Costume
4147:Related
4087:Western
4008:Handbag
3993:Glasses
3988:Gaiters
3958:Armband
3907:Legwear
3897:Sneaker
3892:Slipper
3839:Wetsuit
3784:Burkini
3761:Pajamas
3645:Norfolk
3635:leather
3600:Cut-off
3546:Cagoule
3541:Blouson
3507:morning
3480:smoking
3453:bekishe
3410:Paletot
3210:Panties
3119:Rah-rah
3114:Prairie
3011:Wedding
2996:Prairie
2974:Evening
2925:Dresses
2861:cassock
2827:service
2730:running
2715:dolphin
2710:cycling
2705:Bermuda
2680:Palazzo
2660:Lowrise
2625:Bondage
2595:twinset
2555:Sweater
2508:Cycling
2421:Necktie
2329:homburg
2243:History
1282:7383839
790:Bibcode
727:paihamu
722:paihamu
646:girdles
627:mukluks
615:jackets
492:Raccoon
429:England
320:Martens
155:jackets
147:scarves
121:Red fox
63:coyotes
4134:Casual
4095:Formal
4063:Wallet
4018:Livery
3998:Gloves
3940:Tights
3925:Garter
3882:Sandal
3834:Trunks
3779:Bikini
3672:Poncho
3657:Jerkin
3650:safari
3625:goggle
3620:flight
3610:Jacket
3595:Coatee
3568:Mantle
3485:sports
3475:Blazer
3393:Ulster
3388:Trench
3376:Riding
3344:Duster
3339:Duffel
3334:Covert
3245:briefs
3195:Diaper
3188:Bottom
3124:Sarong
3109:Pencil
3084:A-line
3076:Skirts
3047:Sheath
3037:Jumper
3025:Casual
2913:scrubs
2903:hazmat
2883:Prison
2878:School
2839:combat
2832:sailor
2700:Shorts
2645:Formal
2575:jersey
2570:hoodie
2533:Henley
2518:Mantle
2481:Blouse
2463:Tippet
2446:school
2441:kipper
2394:Collar
2389:Choker
2361:Turban
2341:Helmet
2324:fedora
2319:bowler
2314:boater
2181:
2157:
2122:
2082:
1960:
1936:
1821:
1785:"Furs"
1693:
1356:
1280:
1272:
1117:
927:
917:
810:
682:Canada
662:parkas
654:Pawnee
607:scarfs
433:France
425:Rabbit
406:Rabbit
371:Nutria
307:Marten
293:bobcat
291:, the
260:Elburz
247:Russia
109:Fisher
104:Fisher
79:Beaver
74:Beaver
57:Coyote
4218:types
4068:Watch
4043:Spats
3814:Sling
3694:Shawl
3667:Parka
3605:Gilet
3578:royal
3529:Apron
3522:Other
3502:dress
3458:rekel
3403:opera
3398:Cloak
3366:Greca
3297:Coats
3283:Teddy
3225:Thong
3129:Skort
3099:Men's
3094:Denim
3032:House
2991:Plain
2930:gowns
2908:space
2785:court
2762:Suits
2665:Jeans
2640:Chaps
2635:Cargo
2630:Capri
2585:shrug
2528:dress
2523:Shirt
2513:Kurta
2458:Scarf
2451:stock
2426:ascot
2384:Bands
2282:Beret
2192:(PDF)
2175:(PDF)
2142:(PDF)
1621:7 May
1517:p. 12
862:p. 13
757:(PDF)
739:Notes
686:China
678:CITES
650:Inuit
623:coats
619:capes
595:Wolf
580:Skunk
575:Skunk
553:sheep
537:sable
523:Sable
437:pelts
395:Otter
390:Otter
383:coypu
167:capes
163:cloth
159:coats
151:muffs
16:This
4235:Laws
4038:Sash
4023:Muff
3963:Belt
3915:Sock
3887:Shoe
3857:Boot
3677:Robe
3615:down
3551:Cape
3490:Teba
3420:Polo
3256:Full
3220:Slip
3152:and
3139:Wrap
3134:Tutu
3057:Slip
3016:Wrap
2928:and
2822:mess
2817:full
2797:Folk
2695:Phat
2538:polo
2473:Tops
2431:bolo
2366:Veil
2356:Mask
2346:Hood
2302:knit
2297:flat
2179:ISBN
2155:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2080:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1801:2013
1691:ISBN
1623:2014
1576:2014
1500:link
1461:2014
1354:ISBN
1278:PMID
1270:ISSN
1115:ISBN
1069:2016
943:link
925:OCLC
915:ISBN
808:ISSN
716:The
692:and
631:rugs
629:and
603:Wolf
535:The
431:and
360:Mink
344:Mink
285:lynx
279:Lynx
157:and
90:Faux
4292:Fur
3415:Pea
3324:Car
3300:and
3169:Bra
3162:Top
2764:and
2720:gym
2436:bow
2334:top
2309:Hat
2287:Cap
798:doi
636:In
559:or
116:Fox
22:fur
4288::
2038:.
1897:^
1880:^
1864:.
1839:.
1793:23
1791:.
1787:.
1762:.
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1492:{{
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1266:32
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1101:^
1058:.
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951:^
939:}}
935:{{
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864:.
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625:,
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