213:
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263:. In his time, he was a sailor, fur trapper, scout, soldier, mayor, gold seeker, hunter, fisherman, laborer, clerk, farmhand, baker, trapper, woodhawk, fireman, freighter, whiskey peddler, banker, blacksmith, sheephearder, postman, farrier, guide, salesman, bartender, deputy, carpenter, constable, and log cabin builder, taking advantage of any source of income-producing labor he could find. His final residence was in a veteransâ home in
664:
196:
with one guard. Johnson managed to break through the straps. He then knocked out the guard with a kick, took his knife and scalped him. He escaped into the woods and fled to the cabin of
Cleatus Jones, his trapping partner, a journey of about two hundred miles (320 km).
200:
Eventually, Johnson made peace with the Crow, who became "his brothers", and his personal vendetta against them finally ended after 25 years and scores of slain Crow warriors. However, the West was still very violent and territorial, particularly during the
271:
veterans' cemetery. However, in 1974, after a six-month campaign by 25 seventh-grade students and their teacher, who did not believe he should be laid to rest among urban sprawl, Johnson's remains were relocated to
183:
of each Crow killed, preferring to harvest them from children and infants when he could. This led to his being known as "Liver-Eating
Johnson". One tale ascribed to Johnson (while other sources ascribe it to
3451:
145:
he served aboard a fighting ship. After killing an officer, he deserted, faked his own death, changed his name to John
Johnston, and traveled west to try his hand at gold digging in
168:
brave and his fellow hunters, which prompted
Johnson to embark on a vendetta against the tribe. According to historian Andrew Mehane Southerland, "He supposedly killed and
547:
188:) is that while on a foray of over five hundred miles (800 km) in the winter to sell whiskey to his Flathead kin, he was ambushed by a group of
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warriors. The
Blackfoot planned to sell him to the Crow, his mortal enemies. He was stripped to the waist, tied with leather thongs and put in a
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708:
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their livers" to avenge the death of his wife, and "as his reputation and collection of scalps grew, Johnson became an object of fear."
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in 1864 as a private and was dishonorably discharged the following year. During the 1880s, he was appointed deputy sheriff in
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Nathan E. Bender, "Perceptions of a
Mountain Man: John "Jeremiah Liver-Eating" Johnston at Old Trail Town, Cody, Wyoming."
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The cabin inhabited by
Johnson in the 1880s in Montana, moved into Red Lodge, Montana and on display at the tourism office
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576:, edited by Jon Axline and Jodie Foley. Guilford, Connecticut and Helena, Montana: Two Dot,Globe Pequot Press, 2005.
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1983:
701:
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Rumors and legends about
Johnson are common. Perhaps chief among them is that in 1847, his wife, a member of the
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1993:
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Nathan E. Bender, "The
Abandoned Scoutâs Revenge: Origins of the Crow Killer Saga of Liver-Eating Johnson,"
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Johnson is said to have been born with the last name
Garrison, in the area of the Hicktown Tavern near
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and the Blackfoot, would know the wrath of "Dapiek Absaroka" Crow killer and his fellow mountain men.
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of the mid-19th century. Many more Indians of different tribes, especially but not limited to the
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1973:
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Vigilante days and ways: the pioneers of the Rockies; the makers and making of Montana and Idaho
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Jon Axline, "In League with the Devil: Boone Helm and 'Liver-Eatin' Johnston'," in,
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McLelland, Dennis J., "The Avenging Fury of the Plains: John Liver Eating Johnston,
593:
Nathan E. Bender, "A Hawken Rifle and Bowie Knife of John âLiver-Eatingâ Johnson,"
521:
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v. 78 n. 4 (Autumn 2006): 2â17. Published by the Wyoming State Historical Society.
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v.1 (2007): 93â106. Published by Museum of the Mountain Man, Pinedale, Wyoming.
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edited by Douglas W. Ellison, Western Edge Book Distributing: Medora, ND, 2010
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2016:
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378:
The Mythical West: An Encyclopedia of Legend, Lore, and Popular Culture
244:
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30:
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224:
267:, where he died on January 21, 1900. His body was buried in a
2452:
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985:
945:
840:
790:
630:
Felton & Fowler's Famous Americans You Never Knew Existed
574:
Still Speaking Ill of the Dead: More Jerks in Montana History
206:
180:
825:
193:
490:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 90â91.
465:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 90â91.
227:
statue of Liver-Eating Johnson erected over his grave at
3452:
United States Navy personnel of the MexicanâAmerican War
632:, By Bruce Felton and Mark Fowler, Stein and Day, 1979
595:Arms & Armour: Journal of the Royal Armouries
348:"Jugtown to Jutland: Trails, Tracks, and Taverns"
3353:
380:, Richard W. Slatta, ed. (ABC-CLIO, 2001) p. 211
544:"Crow Killer: the Saga of Liver-Eating Johnson"
179:Accounts say that he would cut out and eat the
643:The Never-Ending Lives of Liver-Eating Johnson
702:
485:
460:
423:
709:
695:
414:
153:. He also became a "woodhawk," supplying
29:
121:(July 1, 1824 â January 21, 1900), was a
429:
219:
211:
486:Thorp, Raymond; Bunker, Robert (1983).
461:Thorp, Raymond; Bunker, Robert (1983).
3354:
550:from the original on 25 September 2010
358:from the original on February 28, 2015
345:
311:"300 Fun Facts about Hunterdon County"
276:. His epitaph reads "No More Trails".
2472:
2288:Bibliography of the American frontier
716:
690:
512:"Jeremiah Johnson's Body To Be Moved"
389:
16:Mountain man of the American Old West
2344:Cuisine of the Western United States
645:by D. J. Herda (2019). TWODOT Books
597:, v. 3 n. 2 (October 2006): 159â170.
581:The Rocky Mountain Fur Trade Journal
172:more than 300 Crow Indians and then
383:
13:
2080:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City
566:
327:from the original on April 2, 2015
14:
3463:
2328:Timeline of the American Old West
656:
3336:
3335:
662:
417:The Encyclopedia of the Old West
394:. New York: Signet. p. 29.
308:
3412:Lawmen of the American Old West
1984:First transcontinental railroad
536:
119:John Jeremiah Garrison Johnston
45:John Jeremiah Garrison Johnston
504:
479:
454:
408:
370:
339:
302:
162:Flathead American Indian tribe
1:
3432:People from Billings, Montana
3387:People from American folklore
3372:People from Montana Territory
295:
2159:Battle of the Little Bighorn
609:They Gazed on the Beartooths
524:. May 28, 1974. p. 12-A
132:
7:
2184:First Battle of Adobe Walls
2128:Long Branch Saloon gunfight
2123:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
376:"Liver-Eating Johnson", in
10:
3468:
1939:Great Western Cattle Trail
680:Historical Marker Database
669:John Liver-Eating Johnston
415:McLoughlin, Denis (1977).
390:Thorp, Raymond W. (1958).
239:Johnson joined Company H,
58:Hickory Tavern area, near
3397:American gold prospectors
3331:
3300:
3267:
3249:
3201:
3148:
3080:
3007:
2979:
2926:
2868:
2836:
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2775:
2752:
2704:
2651:
2618:
2570:
2517:
2479:
2468:
2336:
2275:
2222:
2141:
2098:
2060:
2027:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
1992:
1899:
1849:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
1764:
1654:
1571:Frederick Russell Burnham
1561:
1411:
1305:
1174:
1011:
1004:
731:
724:
94:
86:
67:
40:
28:
23:John Liver-Eating Johnson
21:
1368:"Mysterious Dave" Mather
676:"'Liver Eating' Johnson"
602:Journal of a Mountaineer
431:Langford, Nathaniel Pitt
265:Santa Monica, California
164:, was killed by a young
3437:People from Los Angeles
3407:American serial killers
2169:Battle of Washita River
2154:Battle of Glorieta Pass
2032:Lost Ship of the Desert
1974:Southern Emigrant Trail
1934:Great Platte River Road
1601:George Armstrong Custer
1393:William "Bill" Tilghman
906:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)
441:A. C. McClurg & Co.
419:. Taylor & Francis.
354:. Guest Services, Inc.
3442:People from New Jersey
2379:Rocky Mountain oysters
611:, v. 2 (1964): 225â227
318:www.hunterdon300th.org
236:
217:
139:Pattenburg, New Jersey
60:Pattenburg, New Jersey
2214:Wounded Knee Massacre
2164:Battle of San Jacinto
2133:Variety Hall shootout
2108:Battle of Coffeyville
2090:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
2070:Black Hills Gold Rush
1747:Thomas William Sweeny
1611:Samuel P. Heintzelman
1388:John Horton Slaughter
1282:Richens Lacey Wootton
816:Five Civilized Tribes
600:William T. Hamilton,
223:
215:
35:John Jeremiah Johnson
3417:Loggers from Montana
3392:American fur traders
3377:19th-century sailors
3269:Washington Territory
3009:New Mexico Territory
2374:Pacific Northwestern
2293:Cowboys and cowgirls
2075:California Gold Rush
2052:Seven Cities of Gold
2037:Montezuma's treasure
1844:One-room schoolhouse
1692:George E. Goodfellow
1586:Texas Jack Omohundro
1429:"Curly Bill" Brocius
1227:Liver-Eating Johnson
1202:TomĂĄs VĂ©lez CachupĂn
756:Assiniboine (Nakota)
671:at Wikimedia Commons
618:Infinity Publishing
292:depicting his life.
241:2nd Colorado Cavalry
143:MexicanâAmerican War
3447:Union Army soldiers
2257:Pleasant Valley War
2199:Sand Creek massacre
2149:Battle of the Alamo
2022:Long Tom's treasure
1717:Octaviano Larrazolo
1631:Ranald S. Mackenzie
1581:"Buffalo Bill" Cody
1292:"Old Bill" Williams
1242:William John Murphy
517:Evening Independent
3382:American cannibals
3082:Oklahoma Territory
2267:SuttonâTaylor feud
2247:Lincoln County War
2242:Johnson County War
2142:Military conflicts
2085:Klondike Gold Rush
1886:Westward expansion
1707:Zephaniah Kingsley
1481:John Wesley Hardin
1378:George Scarborough
1358:"Wild Bill" Hickok
1247:John Wesley Powell
284:is a 1972 film by
261:Red Lodge, Montana
237:
218:
203:Plains Indian Wars
3349:
3348:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3302:Wyoming Territory
2870:Montana Territory
2706:Florida Territory
2519:Arizona Territory
2406:Western lifestyle
2237:Earp-Clanton feud
2179:ChimayĂł Rebellion
2113:Battle of Lincoln
1919:Butterfield Trail
1869:Vigilante justice
1760:
1759:
1687:John Joel Glanton
1672:Jonathan R. Davis
1667:William H. Boring
1272:Trinidad Swilling
861:Lenape (Delaware)
786:Chippewa (Ojibwe)
718:American frontier
667:Media related to
588:Annals of Wyoming
346:Koppehaver, Bob.
151:Montana Territory
127:American Old West
104:
103:
3459:
3422:Montana sheriffs
3402:American hunters
3339:
3338:
3150:Oregon Territory
3087:Indian Territory
2653:Dakota Territory
2477:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2369:New Mexico chile
2252:Mason County War
2209:Texas Revolution
2174:Bear Flag Revolt
1924:California Trail
1834:Manifest destiny
1766:Frontier culture
1662:John Jacob Astor
1636:Charley Reynolds
1536:Younger Brothers
1516:Joaquin Murrieta
1403:Harry C. Wheeler
1398:James Timberlake
1287:Henry Wickenburg
1232:Meriwether Lewis
1151:Touch the Clouds
1013:Native Americans
1009:
1008:
711:
704:
697:
688:
687:
683:
666:
560:
559:
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555:
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522:Associated Press
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352:Skylands Visitor
343:
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326:
315:
306:
281:Jeremiah Johnson
253:Coulson, Montana
87:Other names
81:, California, US
74:
71:January 21, 1900
54:
52:
33:
19:
18:
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3197:
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3084:
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2832:
2789:
2771:
2754:Idaho Territory
2748:
2700:
2647:
2614:
2566:
2513:
2464:
2359:Native American
2332:
2283:Arizona Rangers
2271:
2226:
2218:
2137:
2118:Frisco shootout
2094:
2056:
2002:Dead man's hand
1988:
1901:
1895:
1891:Wild West shows
1799:Cattle rustling
1756:
1742:Sedona Schnebly
1727:Sylvester Mowry
1650:
1641:Philip Sheridan
1591:James C. Cooney
1563:
1557:
1449:Dalton Brothers
1407:
1318:Charlie Bassett
1301:
1222:John C. Frémont
1176:
1170:
1136:Snapping Turtle
1000:
951:Southern Paiute
916:Pend d'Oreilles
901:Northern Paiute
727:
720:
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674:
659:
569:
567:Further reading
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157:to steamboats.
135:
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3259:Salt Lake City
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3251:Utah Territory
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2024:
2019:
2014:
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1969:Santa Fe Trail
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1929:Chisholm Trail
1926:
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1911:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
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1874:Western saloon
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1774:American bison
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1732:Emperor Norton
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1005:Notable people
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733:Native Nations
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657:External links
655:
654:
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651:978-1493038251
640:
638:978-0812825114
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624:978-0741445278
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401:978-0253020833
400:
382:
369:
338:
300:
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290:Robert Redford
286:Sydney Pollack
229:Old Trail Town
141:. During the
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75:(aged 75)
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3282:Port Townsend
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3110:Oklahoma City
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2951:Nebraska City
2949:
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2946:Fort Robinson
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2941:Fort Atkinson
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2691:Standing Rock
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2432:
2431:Texas country
2429:
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2411:Western music
2409:
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274:Cody, Wyoming
270:
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255:, and a town
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233:Cody, Wyoming
230:
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43:
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27:
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3427:Mountain men
3315:Fort Laramie
3310:Fort Bridger
3095:Broken Arrow
2846:Independence
2443:Cowboy boots
2438:Western wear
2318:Mountain men
1979:Tanner Trail
1964:Pony Express
1959:Oregon Trail
1954:Mormon Trail
1824:Homesteading
1789:Cattle drive
1752:Peter Lebeck
1737:Annie Oakley
1697:Doc Holliday
1626:Luther Kelly
1606:Alexis Godey
1596:George Crook
1531:Sundance Kid
1486:Johnny Ringo
1476:Bill Downing
1257:Levi Ruggles
1226:
1217:Donner Party
1192:John Bozeman
1187:Daniel Boone
1126:Sitting Bull
1101:Plenty Coups
1036:Chief Joseph
1031:Bloody Knife
1026:Black Kettle
726:1776 to 1912
642:
629:
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
552:. Retrieved
538:
526:. Retrieved
515:
506:
487:
481:
462:
456:
448:
435:
425:
416:
410:
391:
385:
377:
372:
360:. Retrieved
351:
341:
329:. Retrieved
317:
309:Kuhl, John.
304:
279:
278:
238:
199:
178:
159:
136:
123:mountain man
118:
114:
111:Liver-Eating
110:
106:
105:
99:Mountain Man
79:Santa Monica
73:(1900-01-21)
55:July 1, 1824
3367:1900 deaths
3362:1824 births
3241:San Antonio
3178:Oregon City
3173:McMinnville
3100:Fort Gibson
3032:Fort Sumner
3022:Albuquerque
2989:Carson City
2893:Fort Benton
2851:Kansas City
2823:Leavenworth
2744:Tallahassee
2595:Los Angeles
2580:Bakersfield
2557:Window Rock
2364:New Mexican
2354:Californian
2303:Ghost towns
2194:Mexican War
2189:Indian Wars
2062:Gold rushes
2042:Paul Bunyan
1949:Meek Cutoff
1909:Barlow Road
1779:Barbed wire
1712:Seth Kinman
1526:Soapy Smith
1521:Belle Starr
1511:Tom McLaury
1501:Tom Ketchum
1496:Frank James
1491:Jesse James
1471:Bill Doolin
1444:Ike Clanton
1383:John Selman
1373:Bass Reeves
1348:Pat Garrett
1333:Virgil Earp
1328:Morgan Earp
1313:Elfego Baca
1252:Juan Rivera
1197:Jim Bridger
1076:Ganundalegi
1061:Crazy Snake
1056:Crazy Horse
607:Jim Annin,
554:21 November
528:October 20,
488:Crow Killer
463:Crow Killer
449:boone helm.
392:Crow Killer
269:Los Angeles
147:Alder Gulch
3356:Categories
3226:Fort Worth
3163:The Dalles
3130:Tishomingo
3017:Alamogordo
2908:Livingston
2888:Deer Lodge
2808:Dodge City
2762:Fort Boise
2719:Negro Fort
2686:Rapid City
2681:Pine Ridge
2676:Fort Yates
2600:Sacramento
2572:California
2532:Fort Grant
2448:Cowboy hat
2416:New Mexico
2396:Weird West
2349:Chuckwagon
2262:Sheep Wars
2224:Range wars
2047:Pecos Bill
2017:Johnny Kaw
2012:John Henry
2007:Dime novel
1902:and trails
1879:Tack piano
1859:Stagecoach
1814:Ghost town
1576:Kit Carson
1564:and scouts
1424:Black Bart
1338:Wyatt Earp
1066:Dasoda-hae
1051:Crazy Bear
1021:Black Hawk
296:References
245:Union Army
186:Boone Helm
95:Occupation
51:1824-07-01
3292:Vancouver
3168:La Grande
3135:Tuskahoma
3125:Tahlequah
3105:Fort Sill
3072:Tucumcari
3042:Las Vegas
2971:Whiteclay
2966:Valentine
2898:Fort Peck
2856:St. Louis
2813:Ellsworth
2767:Fort Hall
2739:St. Marks
2724:Pensacola
2638:Telluride
2605:San Diego
2590:Jamestown
2547:Tombstone
2489:Anchorage
2337:Influence
2308:Gunfights
2100:Gunfights
1944:Lolo Pass
1900:Transport
1839:Moonshine
1829:Land rush
1819:Gunfights
1809:Fast draw
1784:Boot Hill
1682:C. S. Fly
1646:Al Sieber
1353:Jack Helm
1237:Joe Mayer
1175:Explorers
1146:Ten Bears
1131:Smallwood
1116:Sacagawea
1111:Red Cloud
1091:Manuelito
1086:Kiliahote
936:Seminoles
896:Nez Perce
761:Blackfoot
362:March 24,
331:March 24,
288:starring
249:St. Louis
243:, of the
190:Blackfoot
155:cord wood
133:Biography
3341:Category
3231:Gonzales
3183:Portland
3120:Pawhuska
3115:Okmulgee
3067:Santa Fe
3057:Mogollon
3027:Cimarron
2956:Ogallala
2928:Nebraska
2913:Missoula
2878:Billings
2838:Missouri
2777:Illinois
2666:Deadwood
2661:Bismarck
2643:Trinidad
2620:Colorado
2537:Prescott
2494:Iditarod
2421:Red Dirt
1994:Folklore
1804:Cow town
1722:Nat Love
1616:Tom Horn
1562:Soldiers
1323:Roy Bean
1179:pioneers
1166:Washakie
1161:Victorio
1071:Geronimo
1046:Degataga
941:Shoshone
886:Muscogee
871:Maricopa
846:Kumeyaay
836:Kickapoo
831:Hualapai
801:Comanche
776:Cheyenne
766:Cahuilla
548:Archived
443:p.
433:(1912).
356:Archived
322:Archived
174:devoured
90:Garrison
3287:Seattle
3277:Everett
3236:Lubbock
3221:El Paso
3216:Abilene
3158:Astoria
3062:Roswell
3052:Mesilla
3047:Lincoln
2936:Chadron
2883:Bozeman
2828:Wichita
2803:Abilene
2696:Yankton
2542:Phoenix
2509:Skagway
2384:Tex-Mex
2323:Outlaws
1412:Outlaws
1121:Seattle
1081:Irataba
1041:Cochise
991:Yavapai
961:Tonkawa
921:Pequots
851:Kutenai
821:Hidatsa
796:Cocopah
781:Chinook
751:Arikara
746:Arapaho
257:marshal
170:scalped
125:of the
117:, born
115:Johnson
3211:Austin
3140:Wewoka
3037:Gallup
2981:Nevada
2903:Helena
2795:Kansas
2714:Angola
2633:Denver
2628:Creede
2585:Fresno
2552:Tucson
2504:Seward
2481:Alaska
2473:Places
2426:Tejano
2313:Lawmen
1655:Others
1465:Emmett
1306:Lawmen
1096:Massai
981:Yakama
976:Washoe
966:Umpqua
931:Pueblo
911:Pawnee
891:Navajo
881:Mohave
866:Mandan
856:Lakota
811:Dakota
771:Cayuse
741:Apache
649:
636:
626:, 2008
622:
494:
469:
398:
225:Bronze
194:teepee
3203:Texas
3188:Salem
2961:Omaha
2671:Fargo
2453:Jeans
2298:Gangs
2276:Lists
2229:feuds
1854:Rodeo
986:Yaqui
946:Sioux
876:Modoc
841:Kiowa
791:Caddo
325:(PDF)
314:(PDF)
207:Sioux
181:liver
3193:Vale
3085:and
2999:Reno
2818:Hays
2562:Yuma
2499:Nome
2227:and
1552:John
1540:Cole
1457:Bill
1453:Grat
1177:and
1156:Tuvi
926:Pima
826:Hopi
806:Crow
647:ISBN
634:ISBN
620:ISBN
556:2014
530:2013
492:ISBN
467:ISBN
396:ISBN
364:2015
333:2015
166:Crow
107:John
68:Died
62:, US
41:Born
1548:Jim
1544:Bob
1461:Bob
971:Ute
259:in
247:in
231:in
3358::
1550:,
1546:,
1542:,
1463:,
1459:,
1455:,
678:.
546:.
520:.
514:.
447:.
445:74
439:.
350:.
320:.
316:.
149:,
129:.
113:"
1554:)
1538:(
1467:)
1451:(
710:e
703:t
696:v
682:.
616:"
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532:.
500:.
475:.
404:.
366:.
335:.
235:.
109:"
53:)
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
