Liver - Knowledge

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classification divides the liver into eight functionally independent liver segments. Each segment has its own vascular inflow, outflow and biliary drainage. In the centre of each segment are branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. In the periphery of each segment is vascular outflow through the hepatic veins. The classification system uses the vascular supply in the liver to separate the functional units (numbered I to VIII) with unit 1, the caudate lobe, receiving its supply from both the right and the left branches of the portal vein. It contains one or more hepatic veins which drain directly into the inferior vena cava. The remainder of the units (II to VIII) are numbered in a clockwise fashion:

2143: 2159: 1090: 802: 2131: 790: 778: 2436: 1210: 2838: 2400: 1811:. Globally, about 248 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B (with 843,724 in the U.S.), and 142 million are chronically infected with hepatitis C (with 2.7 million in the U.S.). Globally there are about 114 million and 20 million cases of hepatitis A and hepatitis E respectively, but these generally resolve and do not become chronic. Hepatitis D virus is a "satellite" of hepatitis B virus (it can only infect in the presence of hepatitis B), and co-infects nearly 20 million people with hepatitis B, globally. 895: 2378:, both the donor and recipient end up with normal liver function if all goes well. This procedure is more controversial, as it entails performing a much larger operation on the donor, and indeed there were at least two donor deaths out of the first several hundred cases. A 2006 publication addressed the problem of donor mortality and found at least fourteen cases. The risk of postoperative complications (and death) is far greater in right-sided operations than that in left-sided operations. 47: 2424: 2671: 983: 2171: 705: 818: 1738: 1073:

into intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatoblasts not adjacent to portal veins instead differentiate into hepatocytes and arrange into cords lined by sinusoidal epithelial cells and bile canaliculi. Once hepatoblasts are specified into hepatocytes and undergo further expansion, they begin acquiring the functions of a mature hepatocyte, and eventually mature hepatocytes appear as highly polarized epithelial cells with abundant

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There, it joins with the left branch of the portal vein. The ductus venosus carries blood from the left portal vein to the left hepatic vein and then to the inferior vena cava, allowing placental blood to bypass the liver. In the fetus, the liver does not perform the normal digestive processes and filtration of the infant liver because nutrients are received directly from the mother via the

1255:, small grooves between the faces of adjacent hepatocytes. The canaliculi radiate to the edge of the liver lobule, where they merge to form bile ducts. Within the liver, these ducts are termed intrahepatic bile ducts, and once they exit the liver, they are considered extrahepatic. The intrahepatic ducts eventually drain into the right and left hepatic ducts, which exit the liver at the 404: 372:, regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex organic molecules, many of which are necessary for normal vital functions. Estimates regarding the organ's total number of functions vary, but is generally cited as being around 500. For this reason, the liver has sometimes been described as the body's 2322: 1990:. Additionally, it has been shown to slow the advancement of liver disease in those already affected, lower the risk of liver fibrosis, and provide a protective benefit against liver cancer for moderate coffee drinkers. A 2017 study revealed that the positive effects of caffeine on the liver were evident regardless of the coffee preparation method. 2994:) – has, however, made considerable progress in the sixty-odd years since Cunnison's report; the idea that some intoxicating substance might reside in giraffe livers may no longer be as far-fetched as it seemed to Cunnison. However, to date, proof (or disproof) still waits on detailed analyses of the organ and the beverage made from it. 837:, and the opening for the portal vein. The duct, vein, and artery divide into left and right branches, and the areas of the liver supplied by these branches constitute the functional left and right lobes. The functional lobes are separated by the imaginary plane, Cantlie's line, joining the gallbladder fossa to the 1198: 62: 2207:

in mammals. The lobes that are removed do not regrow and the growth of the liver is a restoration of function, not original form. This contrasts with true regeneration where both original function and form are restored. In some other species, such as zebrafish, the liver undergoes true regeneration

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drained from the spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and its associated organs. The hepatic arteries supply arterial blood to the liver, accounting for the remaining quarter of its blood flow. Oxygen is provided from both sources; about half of the liver's oxygen demand is met by the hepatic portal vein,

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Several impressions on the surface of the liver accommodate the various adjacent structures and organs. Underneath the right lobe and to the right of the gallbladder fossa are two impressions, one behind the other and separated by a ridge. The one in front is a shallow colic impression, formed by the

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In the growing fetus, a major source of blood to the liver is the umbilical vein, which supplies nutrients to the growing fetus. The umbilical vein enters the abdomen at the umbilicus and passes upward along the free margin of the falciform ligament of the liver to the inferior surface of the liver.

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draining from the liver usually has a protein concentration of about 6 g/dl, which is only slightly less than the protein concentration of plasma. Also, the high permeability of the liver sinusoid epithelium allows large quantities of lymph to form. Therefore, about half of all the lymph formed in

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The visceral surface or inferior surface is uneven and concave. It is covered in peritoneum apart from where it attaches the gallbladder and the porta hepatis. The fossa of gallbladder lies to the right of the quadrate lobe, occupied by the gallbladder with its cystic duct close to the right end of

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The liver is a vital organ and supports almost every other organ in the body. Because of its strategic location and multidimensional functions, the liver is prone to many diseases. The bare area of the liver is a site that is vulnerable to the passing of infection from the abdominal cavity to the

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and hepatocytes. The biliary epithelial cells differentiate from hepatoblasts around portal veins, first producing a monolayer, and then a bilayer of cuboidal cells. In ductal plate, focal dilations emerge at points in the bilayer, become surrounded by portal mesenchyme, and undergo tubulogenesis

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and is typically the largest internal organ. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates, though its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species, it is

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Because the liver is an expandable organ, large quantities of blood can be stored in its blood vessels. Its normal blood volume, including both that in the hepatic veins and that in the hepatic sinuses, is about 450 milliliters, or almost 10 percent of the body's total blood volume. When high

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is the tube of endoderm that extends out from the foregut into the surrounding mesenchyme. The mesenchyme of septum transversum induces this endoderm to proliferate, to branch, and to form the glandular epithelium of the liver. A portion of the hepatic diverticulum (that region closest to the

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About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 60% of these genes are expressed in a normal, adult liver. Over 400 genes are more specifically expressed in the liver, with some 150 genes highly specific for liver tissue. A large fraction of the corresponding liver-specific

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system, the functional lobes are further divided into a total of eight subsegments based on a transverse plane through the bifurcation of the main portal vein. The caudate lobe is a separate structure that receives blood flow from both the right- and left-sided vascular branches. The Couinaud

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Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan; Cornaby, Leslie; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Dilegge, Tina; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.;

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Bile either drains directly into the duodenum via the common bile duct, or is temporarily stored in the gallbladder via the cystic duct. The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the second part of the duodenum together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla, also known as the

2630:(similar to "your honor") is widely available throughout the old testament, sometimes compared to the breathing soul (Genesis 49:6, Psalms 7:6, etc.). An honorable hat was also referred to with this word (Job 19:9, etc.) and under that definition appears many times along with 2618:(presumably for the same reason). In the Book of Lamentations (2:11) it is used to describe the physiological responses to sadness by "my liver spilled to earth" along with the flow of tears and the overturning in bitterness of the intestines. On several occasions in the 2262:. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. Research is being carried out on the use of stem cells for the generation of an 2371:) and used to replace the entire liver of the recipient. This was first performed in 1989 for pediatric liver transplantation. Only 20 percent of an adult's liver (Couinaud segments 2 and 3) is needed to serve as a liver allograft for an infant or small child. 5194:

Fitzmaurice, Christina; Fleming, Tom; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hay, Simon I.; Johnson, Catherine O.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kawashima, Toana; et al. (2016).

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Rajani R, Melin T, Björnsson E, Broomé U, Sangfelt P, Danielsson A, Gustavsson A, Grip O, Svensson H, Lööf L, Wallerstedt S, Almer SH (Feb 2009). "Budd-Chiari syndrome in Sweden: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and survival – an 18-year experience".

2423: 6186:"My eyes terminated with tears, my intestines overturned with bitterness, my liver spilled to the earth on the breaking of my nation's daughter when a suckling baby lies in the town squares" (Lamentations 2:11) this could be interpreted to be read as my 2142: 2474:) would peck out his liver, which would regenerate overnight (the liver is the only human internal organ that actually can regenerate itself to a significant extent). Many ancient peoples of the Near East and Mediterranean areas practiced a type of 1097:

At birth, the liver comprises roughly 4% of body weight and weighs on average about 120 g (4 oz). Over the course of further development, it will increase to 1.4–1.6 kg (3.1–3.5 lb) but will only take up 2.5–3.5% of body weight.

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This has been confirmed by the Kumarčen. I am not competent to judge as to the chemical conditions of production of poison which is not destroyed by the heat of explosion. However, the Tungus themselves compare this method with the poisoning of

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with peripheral congestion. Thus, in effect, the liver is a large, expandable, venous organ capable of acting as a valuable blood reservoir in times of excess blood volume and capable of supplying extra blood in times of diminished blood volume.

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With the recent advances of noninvasive imaging, living liver donors usually have to undergo imaging examinations for liver anatomy to decide if the anatomy is feasible for donation. The evaluation is usually performed by multidetector row

592:, divides this left portion into four segments, which can be numbered starting at the caudate lobe as I in an anticlockwise manner. From this parietal view, seven segments can be seen, because the eighth segment is only visible in the 635:

are not related to the anatomic ligaments in joints, and the right and left triangular ligaments have no known functional importance, though they serve as surface landmarks. The falciform ligament functions to attach the liver to the

2390:(MRI). MDCT is good in vascular anatomy and volumetry. MRI is used for biliary tree anatomy. Donors with very unusual vascular anatomy, which makes them unsuitable for donation, could be screened out to avoid unnecessary operations. 568:

makes a superficial division of the liver into a left and right lobe. From below, the two additional lobes are located between the right and left lobes, one in front of the other. A line can be imagined running from the left of the

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by restoring both shape and size of the organ. In the liver, large areas of the tissues are formed but for the formation of new cells there must be sufficient amount of material so the circulation of the blood becomes more active.

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and half is met by the hepatic arteries. The hepatic artery also has both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors; therefore, flow through the artery is controlled, in part, by the splanchnic nerves of the autonomic nervous system.

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The various functions of the liver are carried out by the liver cells or hepatocytes. The liver is thought to be responsible for up to 500 separate functions, usually in combination with other systems and organs. Currently, no

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of unequal size and shape. A human liver normally weighs approximately 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds) and has a width of about 15 centimetres (6 inches). There is considerable size variation between individuals, with the standard

6206:(in Hebrew, Israeli Linguist Ruvik Rosenthal's website). Rosenthal hypothesized that the term's usage to describe heaviness comes perhaps from the liver being the heaviest of all body parts in some farm animals or in humans. 1051:

After migration of hepatoblasts into the septum transversum mesenchyme, the hepatic architecture begins to be established, with liver sinusoids and bile canaliculi appearing. The liver bud separates into the lobes. The left

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Medial to the renal impression is a third and slightly marked impression, lying between it and the neck of the gall bladder. This is caused by the descending portion of the duodenum, and is known as the duodenal impression.

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The inferior surface of the left lobe of the liver presents behind and to the left of the gastric impression. This is moulded over the upper front surface of the stomach, and to the right of this is a rounded eminence, the

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Timens, Wim; Kamps, Willem A.; Rozeboom-Uiterwijk, Thea; Poppema, Sibrand (September 1990). "Haemopoiesis in human fetal and embryonic liver: Immunohistochemical determination in B5-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues".

1872:. Factors contributing to the development of alcoholic liver diseases are not only the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, but can also include gender, genetics, and liver insult. Liver damage can also be 1626:- The formation of blood cells is called haemopoiesis. In embryonic stage RBC and WBC are formed by liver. In the first trimester fetus, the liver is the main site of red blood cell production. By the 32nd week of 4181:

Uhlén, Mathias; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Lindskog, Cecilia; Oksvold, Per; Mardinoglu, Adil; Sivertsson, Åsa; Kampf, Caroline; Sjöstedt, Evelina (2015-01-23). "Tissue-based map of the human proteome".

1470:(a yellowish liquid) required for emulsifying fats and help the absorption of vitamin K from the diet. Some of the bile drains directly into the duodenum, and some is stored in the gallbladder. The liver produces 1246:

is derived from the branches of the bile ducts. The biliary tract, also known as the biliary tree, is the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the first part of the small intestine, the

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radiating from a central vein towards an imaginary perimeter of interlobular portal triads. The central vein joins to the hepatic vein to carry blood out from the liver. A distinctive component of a lobule is the

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cells and nonparenchymal cells. About 70–85% of the liver volume is occupied by parenchymal hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells but only 6.5% of its volume. The

4772:"Synthesis of all plasma protein fractions except gamma globulins by the liver; the use of zone electrophoresis and lysine-epsilon-C14 to define the plasma proteins synthesized by the isolated perfused liver" 729:, which can be found running along each of the lobule's corners. The portal triad consists of the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the common bile duct. The triad may be seen on a liver ultrasound, as a 616:, that helps to reduce friction against other organs. This surface covers the convex shape of the two lobes where it accommodates the shape of the diaphragm. The peritoneum folds back on itself to form the 1077:

accumulation. In the adult liver, hepatocytes are not equivalent, with position along the portocentrovenular axis within a liver lobule dictating expression of metabolic genes involved in drug metabolism,

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Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ (2015). "Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013".

680:, between the bare area and the caudate lobe, and immediately above the renal impression. The greater part of the suprarenal impression is devoid of peritoneum and it lodges the right suprarenal gland. 1546:

pressure in the right atrium causes backpressure in the liver, the liver expands, and 0.5 to 1 liter of extra blood is occasionally stored in the hepatic veins and sinuses. This occurs especially in

5196:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" 2130: 1509:, facilitating its excretion into bile. The liver is responsible for the breakdown and excretion of many waste products. It plays a key role in breaking down or modifying toxic substances (e.g., 2435: 1957:

the most common type of liver tumour, thought to be congenital. A genetic disorder causing multiple cysts to form in the liver tissue, usually in later life, and usually asymptomatic, is

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Egerton, S.; Wan, A.; Murphy, K.; Collins, F.; Ahern, G.; Sugrue, I.; Busca, K.; Egan, F.; Muller, N.; Whooley, J.; McGinnity, P.; Culloty, S.; Ross, R. P.; Stanton, C. (6 March 2020).

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Cunnison's remarkable account of an apparently psychoactive mammal found its way from a somewhat obscure scientific paper into more mainstream literature through a conversation between

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Humans commonly eat the livers of mammals, fowl, and fish as food. Domestic pig, ox, lamb, calf, chicken, and goose livers are widely available from butchers and supermarkets. In the

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Old, J.M.; Selwood, L.; Deane, E.M. (2003). "A Histological Investigation of the Lymphoid and Immunohaematopoietic Tissues of the Adult Stripe-Faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura)".

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More recently, adult-to-adult liver transplantation has been done using the donor's right hepatic lobe, which amounts to 60 percent of the liver. Due to the ability of the liver to

841:. The plane separates the liver into the true right and left lobes. The middle hepatic vein also demarcates the true right and left lobes. The right lobe is further divided into an 2561:) is the same as the word for courage. In English the term 'lily-livered' is used to indicate cowardice from the medieval belief that the liver was the seat of courage. Spanish 6592:

Guo, Bin; Zhang, Shicui; Wang, Shaohui; Liang, Yujun (2009). "Expression, mitogenic activity and regulation by growth hormone of growth hormone / insulin-like growth factor in

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MDCT image. 3D image created by MDCT can clearly visualize the liver, measure the liver volume, and plan the dissection plane to facilitate the liver transplantation procedure.

497:. This tissue extends into the structure of the liver by accompanying the blood vessels, ducts, and nerves at the hepatic hilum. The whole surface of the liver, except for the 1176:

The liver receives a dual blood supply from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic arteries. The hepatic portal vein delivers around 75% of the liver's blood supply and carries

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Yuan, Shaochun; Ruan, Jie; Huang, Shengfeng; Chen, Shangwu; Xu, Anlong (February 2015). "Amphioxus as a model for investigating evolution of the vertebrate immune system".

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I can only assume that there is no intoxicating substance in the drink, and that the effect it produces is simply a matter of convention, although it may be brought about

3474: 2626::9), the word is used to describe happiness in the liver, along with the heart (which beats rapidly) and the flesh (which appears red under the skin). Further usage as 4585:

Old, J.M; Selwood, L; Deane, E.M (April 2004). "A developmental investigation of the liver, bone marrow and spleen of the stripe-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura)".

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Kampf, Caroline; Mardinoglu, Adil; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Edlund, Karolina; Lundberg, Emma; Pontén, Fredrik; Nielsen, Jens; Uhlen, Mathias (2014-07-01).

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In Plato, and in later physiology, the liver was thought to be the seat of the darkest emotions (specifically wrath, jealousy and greed) which drive men to action. The

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from the gallbladder joins with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. The biliary system and connective tissue is supplied by the hepatic artery alone.

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Formerly the using of poisoned arrows was common. For instance, among the Kumarčen, even in recent times, a poison was used which was prepared from decaying liver.

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On the diaphragmatic surface, apart from a triangular bare area where it connects to the diaphragm, the liver is covered by a thin, double-layered membrane, the

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for men being 970–1,860 grams (2.14–4.10 lb) and for women 600–1,770 g (1.32–3.90 lb). It is both the heaviest internal organ and the largest

356:, a small hollow pouch that sits just under the right lobe of liver, stores and concentrates the bile produced by the liver, which is later excreted to the 6762: 2399: 6060: 1817:

is caused by an accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream that are normally removed by the liver. This condition can result in coma and can prove fatal.

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Strunk, H.; Stuckmann, G.; Textor, J.; Willinek, W. (2003). "Limitations and pitfalls of Couinaud's segmentation of the liver in transaxial Imaging".

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Old, J. M.; Deane, E. M. (February 2003). "The lymphoid and immunohaematopoietic tissues of the embryonic brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)".

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Cunnison, on the other hand, writing in 1958 found it hard to believe in the literal truth of the Humr's assertion that the drink was intoxicating:

801: 6237: 2763:). In many preparations, pieces of liver are combined with pieces of meat or kidneys, as in the various forms of Middle Eastern mixed grill (e.g. 3597: 3136: 6040:

Now among people in a primitive state of culture the soul is almost invariably supposed to reside in the liver instead of in the heart or brain.

4056: 1942: 518: 195: 1466:, and a bulk of the body's lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. The liver plays a key role in digestion, as it produces and excretes 1044:. The hepatic endodermal cells undergo a morphological transition from columnar to pseudostratified resulting in thickening into the early 6275: 6216: 1280: 6708: 6092: 5053: 2058:, substances which help prevent bleeding. When liver damage occurs, these factors are no longer present and severe bleeding can occur. 1961:. Diseases that interfere with liver function will lead to derangement of these processes. However, the liver has a great capacity to 4035: 2411: 2228: 931: 6755: 3300:

Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993).

5072:"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review" 2907:. Anthropologist Ian Cunnison accompanied the Humr on one of their giraffe-hunting expeditions in the late 1950s, and noted that: 789: 5515: 5265: 3251: 2170: 4297: 3627: 4454:"Replacing fishmeal with plant protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diets by supplementation with fish protein hydrolysate" 4512:

Old, J.M.; Deane, E.M. (July 2000). "Development of the immune system and immunological protection in marsupial pouch young".

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is the only option for those with irreversible liver failure. Most transplants are done for chronic liver diseases leading to

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divided into two parts when viewed from above – a right and a left lobe – and four parts when viewed from below (left, right,

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tests will be carried out. A physical examination of the liver can only reveal its size and any tenderness, and some form of

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Sheporaitis, L; Freeny, PC (1998). "Hepatic and portal surface veins: A new anatomic variant revealed during abdominal CT".

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of the liver, and a branch from this duct produces the gallbladder. Besides signals from the septum transversum mesenchyme,

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Defrances, Marie C.; Michalopoulos, George K. (2011). "Liver Regeneration and Partial Hepatectomy: Process and Prototype".

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Because the pores in the hepatic sinusoids are very permeable and allow ready passage of both fluid and proteins into the

1048:. Their expansion forms a population of the bipotential hepatoblasts. Hepatic stellate cells are derived from mesenchyme. 6748: 5243: 4127: 5070:

Younossi, Zobair M.; Golabi, Pegah; Paik, James M.; Henry, Austin; Van Dongen, Catherine; Henry, Linda (1 April 2023).

4947:"If a person stops consuming the vitamin, the body's stores of this vitamin usually take about 3 to 5 years to exhaust" 2854: 2364: 1906:) and over time damages the liver tissue in combination with ongoing immune related damage. This can lead to scarring ( 676:

The suprarenal impression is a small, triangular, depressed area on the liver. It is located close to the right of the

692:, which fits into the concavity of the lesser curvature of the stomach and lies in front of the anterior layer of the 6885: 6315: 4870: 4827:

Jelkmann, Wolfgang (2001). "The role of the liver in the production of thrombopoietin compared with erythropoietin".

4721: 4694: 3882: 3857: 3346: 2959:, who discussed it in a book on psychoactive drugs for general readers. He speculated that a hallucinogenic compound 2203:; as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver. This is, however, not true regeneration but rather 2023:. Itching is the most common complaint by people who have liver failure. Often this itch cannot be relieved by drugs. 2006:, a brown pigment, is absent from the stool. Stercobilin is derived from bilirubin metabolites produced in the liver. 749: 5774:"p75 Neurotrophin receptor is a marker for precursors of stellate cells and portal fibroblasts in mouse fetal liver" 5364:

Hirschfield, GM; Gershwin, ME (Jan 24, 2013). "The immunobiology and pathophysiology of primary biliary cirrhosis".

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Phase contrast CT image. Contrast is perfusing the right liver but not the left due to a left portal vein thrombus.

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Yu, Jr-Kai Sky; Lecroisey, Claire; Le Pétillon, Yann; Escriva, Hector; Lammert, Eckhard; Laudet, Vincent (2015).

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An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate

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Dény, P. (2006). "Hepatitis Delta Virus Genetic Variability: From Genotypes I, II, III to Eight Major Clades?".

2535:) refer to the liver in figurative speech to indicate courage and strong feelings, or "their best"; e.g., "This 2121:. This procedure may be helped by a sonographer providing ultrasound guidance to an interventional radiologist. 1652:

of the liver contains many immunologically active cells, acting as a 'sieve' for antigens carried to it via the

3821: 2813:(caul fat), and grilled over an open fire. Traditionally, some fish livers were valued as food, especially the 1934: 868:

and blood vessels. The contents of the whole plate system are surrounded by a sheath. The three plates are the

485:(hepatocytes), which are the basic metabolic cells. The lobules are held together by a fine, dense, irregular, 6076: 5129: 1946: 1796: 214: 1902:) affected early in the disease. When these ducts are damaged, bile and other toxins build up in the liver ( 1853:

of dead red blood cells; normally, the liver removes bilirubin from the blood and excretes it through bile.

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proteins are mainly expressed in hepatocytes and secreted into the blood and constitute plasma proteins and

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Lautt, WW; Greenway, CV (August 1976). "Hepatic venous compliance and role of liver as a blood reservoir".

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Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005).

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liver. It was used to prepare delicacies, such as poached skate liver on toast in England, as well as the

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and has a large reserve capacity. In most cases, the liver only produces symptoms after extensive damage.

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or device is capable of reproducing all the functions of the liver. Some functions can be carried out by

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where, each day, his liver was devoured by an eagle, only to grow back each night. The myth suggests the

2204: 1950: 1887: 1807:. Chronic (rather than acute) infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus is the main cause of 588:, which further divide the left side of the liver in two sections. An important anatomical landmark, the 585: 5925:

Power, C.; Rasko, J.E. (2008). "Whither prometheus' liver? Greek myth and the science of regeneration".

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will be necessary, and a tissue sample is taken through a needle inserted into the skin just below the

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and the one behind is a deeper renal impression accommodating part of the right kidney and part of the

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Pain in the upper right quadrant can result from the stretching of Glisson's capsule in conditions of

7099: 7051: 6229: 2345: 1695: 1229: 621: 325: 5939: 2721:," referring to the livers of geese that had been fattened on figs. Animal livers are rich in iron, 7071: 4428: 4060: 3086: 3067:. Although it performs many functions of a liver, it is not considered a "true" liver but rather a 2790: 2545:, literally "the strength (power) of my liver", is a term of endearment in Urdu. In Persian slang, 2136:

Axial CT image showing anomalous hepatic veins coursing on the liver's subcapsular anterior surface

1958: 1818: 1029: 625: 178: 6740: 5761:. New York Henry Holt and Company London Williams and Norgate The University Press, Cambridge, MA. 3387: 3111: 387:

have not been developed to promote long-term replacement in the absence of the liver. As of 2018,

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and all the way forward to divide the liver and gallbladder into two halves. This line is called

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with the portal vein as the head, and the hepatic artery, and the common bile duct as the ears.

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in Akkadian, (From online dictionary at Association Assyrophile de France organization website)

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Saxena, Romil; Theise, Neil (2004). "Canals of Hering: Recent Insights and Current Knowledge".

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Blood flows through the liver sinusoids and empties into the central vein of each lobule. The

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It is not known how to compensate for the absence of liver function in the long term, although

349: 226: 202: 190: 31: 6259: 5400: 3993:

Kawarada, Y; Das, BC; Taoka, H (2000). "Anatomy of the hepatic hilar area: the plate system".

3767: 3735: 3703: 1197: 489:

connective tissue layer extending from the fibrous capsule covering the entire liver known as

6875: 6818: 4323:"Beta-catenin signaling in hepatic development and progenitors: which way does the WNT blow?" 3649: 2486:, where they tried to obtain information by examining the livers of sheep and other animals. 2356: 2329: 2293: 2041: 1653: 1083: 971: 894: 880:

and the plate system is the site of the many anatomical variations to be found in the liver.

834: 760: 481:

Hepatic lobules are the functional units of the liver. Each lobule is made up of millions of

388: 106: 6468:"Identification, evolution and expression of an insulin-like peptide in the cephalochordate 6089: 5948: 4420: 3928:. Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology. Vol. 161. pp. iii–xiii, 1–151. 3432: 6835: 6546: 6529:

Escriva, Hector; Chao, Yeqing; Fan, Chunxin; Liang, Yujun; Gao, Bei; Zhang, Shicui (2012).

6483: 5050: 4465: 4235:"The human liver-specific proteome defined by transcriptomics and antibody-based profiling" 3363: 3073:

of the vertebrate liver. The amphioxus hepatic caecum produces the liver-specific proteins

2948: 2238:, called hepatic oval cells or ovalocytes (not to be confused with oval red blood cells of 2083: 1923: 1804: 1751: 1560: 1368: 1147:

Unlike eutherian mammals, in marsupials the liver remains haematopoietic well after birth.

1045: 1020: 764: 270: 4031: 3414: 1188:

coalesce into hepatic veins, which leave the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava.

8: 6946: 6353: 6052: 5377: 4421: 3015: 2991: 2987: 2944: 2383: 1915: 1861: 1755: 1376: 1285:

The liver plays a major role in carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, and lipid metabolism.

1141: 994: 846: 632: 593: 384: 122: 6550: 6487: 5104: 5071: 4469: 3299: 6941: 6798: 6621: 6569: 6530: 6506: 6467: 6003: 5960: 5875: 5858: 5838: 5826: 5730: 5705: 5588: 5561: 5458: 5346: 5261: 5220: 5195: 5172: 5028: 5011: 4992: 4804: 4771: 4486: 4453: 4396: 4371: 4347: 4322: 4272: 4215: 4106: 3795:

Skandalakis, Lee J.; Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, Panajiotis N. (2009). "Liver".

3579: 3528: 3219: 3194: 3158:

Elias, H.; Bengelsdorf, H. (1 July 1952). "The Structure of the Liver in Vertebrates".

3068: 2737: 2190: 2148:

Maximum intensity projection (MIP) CT image as viewed anteriorly showing the anomalous

2030: 1891: 1822: 1009: 854: 838: 617: 581: 565: 408: 294: 262: 5211: 5160: 4525: 4372:"β-catenin regulates mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation during hepatogenesis" 3430: 993:, the development of the organs, takes place from the third to the eighth week during 7066: 7061: 6979: 6936: 6702: 6665: 6646: 6613: 6574: 6511: 6448: 6413: 6376: 6311: 6265: 6066: 6029: 6007: 5995: 5991: 5952: 5914: 5880: 5830: 5795: 5735: 5684: 5659: 5628: 5593: 5540: 5497: 5462: 5450: 5406: 5381: 5338: 5334: 5302: 5292: 5225: 5164: 5109: 5091: 5033: 4984: 4903: 4899: 4866: 4844: 4840: 4809: 4791: 4750: 4746: 4717: 4690: 4663: 4640: 4602: 4564: 4529: 4491: 4432: 4401: 4352: 4291: 4264: 4256: 4207: 4199: 4098: 4010: 3970: 3947: 3937: 3878: 3853: 3808: 3775: 3743: 3711: 3657: 3623: 3571: 3563: 3546:

Molina, D. Kimberley; DiMaio, Vincent J. M. (2015). "Normal Organ Weights in Women".

3520: 3512: 3444: 3433: 3342: 3319: 3309: 3302: 3280: 3224: 3175: 2765: 2688: 2653: 2649: 2270: 2200: 1938: 1838: 1710: 1124:(or T lymphocytes). After birth, the formation of blood stem cells shifts to the red 1033: 967: 730: 574: 365: 6625: 5964: 5855:

An argument for the ancient Greek’s knowing about liver regeneration is provided by

5842: 5350: 5176: 4996: 4110: 3583: 3532: 2551:

is used as an adjective for any object which is desirable, especially women. In the

1771:

is a common condition of inflammation of the liver. The most usual cause of this is

486: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 6974: 6969: 6924: 6919: 6857: 6845: 6727: 6685: 6605: 6564: 6554: 6501: 6491: 6440: 6405: 6203: 6183:כלו בדמעות עיני חמרמרו מעי נשפך לארץ כבדי על שבר בת עמי בעטף עולל ויונק ברחבות קריה 5987: 5944: 5904: 5870: 5822: 5785: 5725: 5717: 5651: 5620: 5583: 5573: 5489: 5442: 5373: 5330: 5284: 5215: 5207: 5156: 5127:

Hepatitis A, B, and C Center: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Transmission, and Treatments

5099: 5083: 5023: 4976: 4895: 4836: 4799: 4783: 4742: 4632: 4594: 4556: 4521: 4481: 4473: 4391: 4383: 4342: 4334: 4276: 4246: 4191: 4152: 4090: 4002: 3929: 3800: 3555: 3504: 3214: 3206: 3167: 3003: 2837: 2760: 2752: 2699: 2506: 2263: 2255: 2243: 1914:. Cirrhosis increases the resistance to blood flow in the liver, and can result in 1899: 1668: 1521:, when the metabolite is more toxic than its precursor. Preferably, the toxins are 1268: 1157: 1133: 850: 830: 670: 475: 458:, whereas the portal vein carries blood rich in digested nutrients from the entire 435:, resting just below the diaphragm, to the right of the stomach, and overlying the 432: 5283:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 307. pp. 151–171. 4219: 3495:

Molina, D. Kimberley; DiMaio, Vincent J.M. (2012). "Normal Organ Weights in Men".

1168:. The liver also accounts for about 20% of resting total body oxygen consumption. 7046: 6559: 6496: 6303: 6096: 5790: 5773: 5547: 5493: 5133: 5087: 5057: 3804: 3559: 3508: 2956: 2814: 2770: 2692: 2459: 2099: 2045: 2034: 1930: 1772: 1747: 1714: 1683: 1676: 1547: 1514: 1506: 1360: 1316: 1252: 903: 826: 677: 666: 502: 494: 424: 415: 251: 183: 6110: 3933: 3677: 1833:) that drain the liver. It presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, 407:

The liver, viewed from above, showing the left and right lobes separated by the

7094: 6989: 6840: 6813: 5909: 5892: 4477: 2963:

in the giraffe liver might account for the intoxicating properties claimed for

2884: 2826: 2706: 2619: 2281: 2269:

Scientific and medical works about liver regeneration often refer to the Greek

1873: 1687: 1481:

hormone that plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have

1431: 1372: 1364: 1309: 1161: 1061: 1057: 1053: 745: 721: 713: 693: 689: 536: 524: 471: 447: 419: 380: 373: 318: 266: 134: 6609: 6444: 5624: 4636: 4598: 4560: 4387: 4094: 3210: 7088: 6897: 6862: 6803: 6147:

Diccionario vasco-español-francés ... Dictionnaire basque-espagnol-français .

6056: 5501: 5095: 4795: 4260: 4203: 3567: 3516: 3060:

In neonatal marsupials, it is responsible for the production of blood cells.

2916: 2904: 2798: 2778: 2733: 2675: 2552: 2344:, and autoimmune hepatitis. Less commonly, liver transplantation is done for 2303: 2299: 2251: 2079: 2066: 1954: 1826: 1800: 1732: 1256: 1243: 1165: 1069: 1037: 1025: 990: 927: 889: 589: 558: 550: 482: 392: 207: 162: 6641: 5655: 5288: 4195: 3832: 3323: 545:

The liver, viewed from below, surface showing four lobes and the impressions

46: 6880: 6852: 6793: 6617: 6578: 6515: 6452: 6417: 6021: 5999: 5956: 5918: 5834: 5799: 5739: 5597: 5454: 5385: 5342: 5306: 5229: 5168: 5113: 5060:

National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Retrieved 2010-01-22

5037: 4848: 4813: 4644: 4606: 4568: 4533: 4495: 4405: 4356: 4268: 4211: 4102: 4014: 3951: 3575: 3524: 3228: 3179: 3078: 3074: 3053:

divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include

3007: 2952: 2878: 2802: 2665: 2114: 1968: 1808: 1664: 1638: 1623: 1463: 1435: 1427: 1371:. The liver plays a role in the production of clotting factors, as well as 1298: 1177: 1114:. The fetal liver releases some blood stem cells that migrate to the fetal 756: 726: 554: 455: 443: 274: 118: 89: 5884: 5632: 5578: 5446: 4988: 4921: 4006: 1880:

and drugs used to treat cancer. A rupture of the liver can be caused by a

1856:

Other disorders caused by excessive alcohol consumption are grouped under

6964: 6956: 4907: 4787: 4251: 4234: 3469: 2888: 2806: 2782: 2726: 2502: 2483: 2368: 2367:

is a technique in which a portion of a living person's liver is removed (

2337: 2232: 2055: 2003: 1903: 1877: 1865: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1699: 1631: 1586: 1510: 1475: 1459: 1455: 1415: 1395: 1367:

are synthesised in the liver. It is also responsible for a large part of

1343: 1324: 1260: 1125: 959: 923: 768: 739:, the study of microscopic anatomy, shows two major types of liver cell: 451: 436: 353: 337: 138: 6660:

Young, Barbara; O'Dowd, Geraldine; Woodford, Phillip (4 November 2013).

6370: 5978:

Bramstedt K (2006). "Living liver donor mortality: where do we stand?".

4863:

Human Anatomy & Physiology + New Masteringa&p With Pearson Etext

4714:

Human Anatomy & Physiology + New Masteringa&p With Pearson Etext

4687:

Human Anatomy & Physiology + New Masteringa&p With Pearson Etext

2670: 2348:, in which liver failure occurs rapidly over a period of days or weeks. 1894:

of the liver. It is marked by slow progressive destruction of the small

1645:, helps in phagocytosis of dead blood cells and bacteria from the blood. 946:, and transporter proteins involved in the metabolism of drugs, such as 898:

Shape of human liver in animation, with eight Couinaud segments labelled

6870: 6732: 6719: 4980: 4657: 4338: 3049: 3010:

from rotting animal livers, which was, in later times, also applied to

2794: 2475: 2463: 2341: 2273: 2247: 2216: 2212: 2103: 2087: 2054:

and easy bleeding are other features of liver disease. The liver makes

1976: 1881: 1850: 1830: 1672: 1617: 1534: 1518: 1411: 1391: 1379: 1356: 1320: 1101:

Hepatosomatic index (HSI) is the ratio of liver weight to body weight.

1012: 1005: 982: 740: 717: 613: 506: 369: 345: 255: 77: 6409: 5772:

Suzuki K, Tanaka M, Watanabe N, Saito S, Nonaka H, Miyajima A (2008).

5721: 3171: 2743:

Liver can be baked, boiled, broiled, fried, stir-fried, or eaten raw (

2284:

may have known about the liver's remarkable capacity for self-repair.

454:. The hepatic artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta via the 61: 6906: 6690: 3419: 3106: 3064: 3057:, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. 2983: 2774: 2479: 2352: 2333: 2311: 2307: 2259: 2235: 2091: 2062: 2016: 1987: 1971:

refers to an enlarged liver and can be due to many causes. It can be

1911: 1895: 1869: 1846: 1768: 1642: 1627: 1597: 1593: 1582: 1578: 1502: 1482: 1423: 1419: 1407: 1399: 1332: 1308:

When needed, the liver releases glucose into the blood by performing

1137: 1093:

Adult ultrasound showing the right lobe of the liver and right kidney

1086:

has now been identified to be playing a key role in this phenomenon.

963: 865: 849:

segment by the right hepatic vein. The left lobe is divided into the

817: 753: 736: 704: 570: 361: 341: 278: 248: 94: 4965: 2417:

MDCT image. Portal venous anatomy contraindicated for liver donation

1215:

Diagram of liver, lobule, and portal tract and their inter-relations

829:, includes the opening known as the porta hepatis which carries the 431:

in the human body. It is located in the right upper quadrant of the

7005: 6770: 6375:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 354–355. 4370:

Berg T, DeLanghe S, Al Alam D, Utley S, Estrada J, Wang KS (2010).

2870: 2842: 2623: 2277: 2224: 2220: 2118: 2095: 2012: 1983: 1972: 1907: 1842: 1706: 1439: 1403: 1387: 1383: 1328: 1248: 1111: 1074: 1001: 842: 467: 357: 333: 314: 298: 6535:: Implications for the presence of a primitive coagulation system" 5126: 1737: 1375:

production. Some of the proteins synthesized by the liver include

997:. The origins of the liver lie in both the ventral portion of the 767:, between a sinusoid and a hepatocyte. Additionally, intrahepatic 232: 6149:(in Spanish and French). Bilbao, Dirección del autor. p. 345 5550:

Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America. Retrieved 2010-01-22

4232: 3924:

Kmieć Z (2001). "Introduction — Morphology of the Liver Lobule".

3794: 3090: 3082: 2975: 2892: 2866: 2786: 2756: 2722: 2680: 2467: 2315: 2149: 2107: 2026: 1834: 1799:. Inflammation can also be caused by other viruses in the family 1758:

are produced by the liver in response to injury or inflammation.

1660: 1526: 1498: 1494: 1478: 1302: 1064:

becomes the portal vein. The expanding liver bud is colonized by

998: 943: 656: 310: 306: 290: 82: 52: 1765:, which affects an estimated one-third of the world population. 541: 470:. These blood vessels subdivide into small capillaries known as 5145: 4180: 3248:"Anatomy and physiology of the liver – Canadian Cancer Society" 3011: 2928: 2490: 2466:

for revealing fire to humans by chaining him to a rock where a

2405:

MDCT image. Arterial anatomy contraindicated for liver donation

2051: 1613: 1605: 1120: 1115: 1016: 947: 463: 258: 101: 6645:(32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders. 2012. 6334:

Cunnison, Ian (1958). "Giraffe hunting among the Humr tribe".

6099:. Shawuniversitymosque.org (2006-07-08). Retrieved 2013-03-19. 4128:"The Radiology Assistant : Anatomy of the liver segments" 3037: 2567:

also means "courage". However the secondary meaning of Basque

2195:

The liver is the only human internal organ capable of natural

1648:

The liver is responsible for immunological effects – the

716:. The lobules are roughly hexagonal, and consist of plates of 604: 6465: 4080: 3054: 3041: 2931:

or beer. But he uses this word to describe the effects which

2920: 2874: 2862: 2846: 2636: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2536: 2514: 2498: 2471: 1926:

and the systemic circulation, can be a subsequent condition.

1849:

in the system. The bilirubin results from the breakup of the

1754:–blood tests that can identify various markers. For example, 1691: 1564: 1451: 1297:

The liver synthesizes and stores around 100g of glycogen via

1293:

The liver performs several roles in carbohydrate metabolism.

1082:, ammonia detoxification, and bile production and secretion. 955: 951: 935: 428: 282: 150: 129: 6701: 4032:"Couinaud classification | Radiology Reference Article" 1998:

The classic symptoms of liver damage include the following:

4427:. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2718: 2510: 2455: 2020: 1609: 1601: 1530: 1467: 939: 403: 329: 113: 6695: 5813:

Tietz PS, Larusso NF (May 2006). "Cholangiocyte biology".

5319: 4547:

Old, Julie M. (May 2016). "Haematopoiesis in Marsupials".

4057:"Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Couinaud Liver Segments" 3439:(7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. p. 1537:

or the urea cycle, and the urea is excreted in the urine.

1068:. The bipotential hepatoblasts begin differentiating into 712:

Microscopically, each liver lobe is seen to be made up of

509:, and this firmly adheres to the inner Glisson's capsule. 5771: 5706:"New school in liver development: Lessons from zebrafish" 5254: 4969:

Virchows Archiv a Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology

4580: 4578: 2986:

in general – including entheogens of animal origin (e.g.

2321: 5236: 4369: 4122: 4120: 3969:(Third ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 404. 3590: 1929:

There are also many pediatric liver diseases, including

1525:

to avail excretion in bile or urine. The liver converts

807:

3D medical animation still shot depicting parts of liver

6712:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 801–803. 6662:

Wheater's Functional Histology: A text and colour atlas

6298: 6296: 6294: 6292: 5363: 5069: 5009: 4451: 4153:"The human proteome in liver – The Human Protein Atlas" 3548:

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology

3497:

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology

2090:, that can readily show the extent of liver damage. If 1568:

the body under resting conditions arises in the liver.

5890: 5645: 4575: 3652:. In Busuttil, Ronald W.; Klintmalm, Göran B. (eds.). 2915:, will return to giraffe again and again. Humr, being 2539:

has thrown to you the pieces of its liver!". The term

2227:

and undergo mitosis. This process is activated by the

2176:

A CT scan in which the liver and portal vein are shown

2164:

Lateral MIP view in the same patient as previous image

2015:(yellow skin and/or whites of the eyes) This is where 1577:

The liver stores a multitude of substances, including

1132:

and the latter becomes the ligamentum venosum. In the

860:

The hilum of the liver is described in terms of three

6181: 6051: 5679:

Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (1999).

5010:

Nguyen-Lefebvre, Anh Thu; Horuzsko, Anatolij (2015).

4829:

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

4296:(6th ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates. 4117: 3279:(12th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 945. 2652:

and Ancient Egyptian preserved in classical Ethiopic

2631: 2577: 2546: 1355:

The liver is responsible for the mainstay of protein

954:. Examples of highly liver-specific proteins include 66:

Location of human liver (in red) shown on a male body

30:

This article is about the organ. For other uses, see

6289: 3308:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. 3192: 6531:"A novel serpin with antithrombin-like activity in 6528: 6371:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). 6360:. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. p. 89. 6352: 6329: 6327: 5891:Tiniakos, D.G.; Kandilis, A.; Geller, S.A. (2010). 5192: 4418: 3678:"Cantlie's line | Radiology Reference Article" 3409: 3407: 2644:These four meanings were used in preceding ancient 2530: 2152:

veins coursing on the anterior surface of the liver

1036:also contributes to hepatic competence, along with 6257: 5136:. Webmd.com (2005-08-19). Retrieved on 2016-05-10. 4658:Shneider, Benjamin L.; Sherman, Philip M. (2008). 4026: 4024: 3301: 3193:Abdel-Misih, Sherif R.Z.; Bloomston, Mark (2010). 2849:, who made a drink from giraffe liver. Plate from 2540: 2454:Some cultures regard the liver as the seat of the 2359:usually come from donors who have died from fatal 1637:The liver helps in the purification of blood. The 1513:) and most medicinal products in a process called 6591: 6430: 5610: 4651: 4618: 4616: 4507: 4505: 3275:Tortora, Gerard J.; Derrickson, Bryan H. (2008). 3274: 2887:), make a non-alcoholic drink from the liver and 2219:. That is, the hepatocytes go from the quiescent 2009:Dark urine occurs when bilirubin mixes with urine 1319:, which is the synthesis of glucose from certain 1259:, and merge to form the common hepatic duct. The 1251:. The bile produced in the liver is collected in 986:CT scan showing an adult liver in the axial plane 917:Bioinformatics § Gene and protein expression 883: 517:Terminology related to the liver often starts in 7086: 6522: 6324: 5893:"Tityus: A forgotten myth of liver regeneration" 5678: 3992: 3926:Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease 3877:(Eighth ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 494. 3852:(Eighth ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 501. 3539: 3488: 3404: 3157: 2899:. They claim it is intoxicating (Arabic سكران 2298:Human liver transplants were first performed by 1841:. Many diseases of the liver are accompanied by 1686:, a hormone that is responsible for raising the 414:The liver is a dark reddish brown, wedge-shaped 6459: 6395: 6264:. University of Virginia Press. pp. 313–. 5752: 4716:. Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. 2012. p. 939. 4689:. Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. 2012. p. 881. 4584: 4316: 4314: 4021: 3647: 5681:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 5402:Clinical Hepatology Principles and Practice of 4888:American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content 4613: 4502: 3435:Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease 3006:of northeast Asia formerly prepared a type of 1986:regularly may help safeguard individuals from 1775:, and the most common of these infections are 1493:The liver is responsible for the breakdown of 1430:. The liver is a major site of production for 1331:. Adipose and liver cells produce glycerol by 938:, proteins involved in bile synthesis such as 910: 309:, conversion and storage of nutrients such as 51:The human liver is located in the upper right 6756: 6659: 6585: 6333: 6160: 6125: 6115:(in Spanish) (23.4 ed.). ASALE-RAE. 2020 5476:Muriel, Pablo; Arauz, Jonathan (2010-07-01). 5392: 4885: 3761: 3759: 3729: 3727: 2562: 1943:progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1024:digestive tube) continues to function as the 6664:(6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 6424: 6166: 6065:. London: Stuart & Watkins. p. 77. 5812: 5806: 5765: 5541:Extraintestinal Complications: Liver Disease 5432: 5272: 5139: 4770:Miller, L. L.; Bale, W. F. (February 1954). 4311: 3995:Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery 3710:(3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 900–903. 3545: 3494: 3270: 3268: 2911:It is said that a person, once he has drunk 2809:, is made of minced lamb's liver wrapped in 2601: 2568: 2246:. These cells can differentiate into either 926:. Other liver-specific proteins are certain 6308:The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Substances 6302: 5977: 5475: 4739:Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition 3988: 3986: 3242: 3240: 3238: 2801:may also be used as spreads. A traditional 2524: 1898:of the liver, with the intralobular ducts ( 1634:has almost completely taken over that task. 1335:, which the liver uses for gluconeogenesis. 1281:Proteins produced and secreted by the liver 1004:(endoderm being one of the three embryonic 771:are often present in the sinusoidal lumen. 261:, which performs many essential biological 6763: 6749: 6433:Developmental & Comparative Immunology 6062:Kundalini – the evolutionary energy in man 6026:Myths and Legends of Babylonia and Assyria 5924: 5562:"Who should be performing liver biopsies?" 4769: 4736: 4587:Developmental & Comparative Immunology 4549:Developmental & Comparative Immunology 4514:Developmental & Comparative Immunology 4423:Anatomy a Regional Atlas of the Human Body 4289: 3756: 3724: 3701: 3648:Renz, John F.; Kinkhabwala, Milan (2014). 3336: 2556: 2518: 2231:receptors. There is also some evidence of 2033:of the ankles and feet occurs because the 1288: 383:techniques can be used in the short term. 6731: 6568: 6558: 6505: 6495: 6090:The Great Battle Of Badar (Yaum-E-Furqan) 5938: 5908: 5874: 5789: 5729: 5703: 5587: 5577: 5398: 5219: 5188: 5186: 5103: 5027: 4803: 4485: 4395: 4346: 4320: 4250: 3891: 3702:Kuntz, Erwin; Kuntz, Hans-Dieter (2009). 3265: 3218: 1761:The most common chronic liver disease is 1438:hormone that regulates the production of 1312:, the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. 6691:VIRTUAL Liver – online learning resource 6643:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary 5863:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 5856: 4826: 4681: 4679: 4622: 4511: 3983: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3834:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary 3235: 3036: 2943:of the Institute of Social and Cultural 2836: 2669: 2576:In biblical Hebrew, the word for liver, 2325:After resection of left lobe liver tumor 2320: 2287: 1736: 1721: 1667:. It is essential in the maintenance of 1359:, synthesis as well as degradation. All 1233: 1144:, the umbilical vein can open up again. 1088: 981: 893: 816: 703: 655: 603: 540: 402: 5949:10.7326/0003-4819-149-6-200809160-00009 5704:Chu, Jaime; Sadler, Kirsten C. (2009). 4855: 4737:Rocha Leão, M.H.M. (2003). "Glycogen". 4708: 4706: 3923: 3339:Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease 3337:Zakim, David; Boyer, Thomas D. (2002). 1008:) and the constituents of the adjacent 580:Other anatomical landmarks include the 297:and mostly shielded by the lower right 27:Vertebrate organ involved in metabolism 14: 7087: 6020: 5859:"The myth of Prometheus and the liver" 5613:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology 5183: 5012:"Kupffer Cell Metabolism and Function" 4662:. Connecticut: PMPH-USA. p. 751. 4074: 3964: 3841: 3765: 2997: 2449: 2242:), which are thought to reside in the 1694:, an enzyme that is released when the 795:Types of capillaries–sinusoid on right 763:are nonparenchymal cells found in the 699: 6744: 6141:Azkue, Resurrección María de (1905). 6140: 6134: 5639: 5559: 4676: 4130:. Radiologyassistant.nl. 2006-05-07. 3912: 3872: 3866: 3847: 3742:. Jaypee Brothers. pp. 592–606. 3740:Textbook of Anatomy with Colour Atlas 3733: 2869:ethnic group, native to southwestern 2497:) refers to the liver as the seat of 2184: 2019:deposits in skin, causing an intense 1750:. Liver diseases may be diagnosed by 1350: 1104: 821:Hilum of the liver, circled in yellow 812: 6717: 6182: 6102: 5566:Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 5378:10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-164014 5278: 5016:Journal of Enzymology and Metabolism 4926:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library 4776:The Journal of Experimental Medicine 4703: 3772:Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied 3277:Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 2632: 2578: 1342:which is synthesis of glycogen from 442:The liver is connected to two large 301:. Its other metabolic roles include 5815:Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4546: 2691:, the anatomical word for "liver" ( 2602: 2519: 1554: 1445: 857:segments by the left hepatic vein. 24: 6364: 6358:Psychomental Complex of the Tungus 5827:10.1097/01.mog.0000218965.78558.bc 4865:. Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. 2012. 4660:Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease 4049: 3361: 2903:), causing dreams and even waking 2365:Living donor liver transplantation 1540: 1315:The liver is also responsible for 968:complement factor related proteins 748:are lined with two types of cell, 25: 7111: 6886:Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell 6679: 6112:Diccionario de la lengua española 5889:Counterarguments are provided by 3199:Surgical Clinics of North America 3134: 2276:who was chained to a rock in the 2211:This is predominantly due to the 1450:The liver plays several roles in 1301:, the formation of glycogen from 364:. The liver's highly specialized 6773:liver, pancreas and biliary tree 6686:Liver at the Human Protein Atlas 5992:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00421.x 5335:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01838.x 5268:from the original on 2016-03-12. 5250:from the original on 2017-08-25. 4900:10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.292 4841:10.1097/00042737-200107000-00006 3032: 2955:and intoxicants in society, and 2832: 2614:("heavy" with possessions) and 2434: 2422: 2410: 2398: 2318:in 1963 and 1967, respectively. 2169: 2157: 2141: 2129: 2040:Excessive fatigue occurs from a 1763:nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1208: 1196: 1164:, an experimental treatment for 800: 788: 783:Microscopic anatomy of the liver 776: 512: 391:is the only option for complete 60: 45: 6718:Rizi, Farid (14 January 2022). 6389: 6346: 6278:from the original on 2015-10-26 6251: 6240:from the original on 2018-06-12 6222: 6209: 6197: 6175: 6083: 6045: 6014: 5971: 5857:Chen, T.S.; Chen, P.S. (1994). 5849: 5746: 5697: 5672: 5604: 5553: 5534: 5508: 5469: 5426: 5357: 5313: 5120: 5063: 5044: 5003: 4959: 4939: 4914: 4879: 4820: 4763: 4730: 4540: 4445: 4412: 4363: 4300:from the original on 2017-12-18 4283: 4226: 4174: 4163:from the original on 2017-09-21 4145: 4134:from the original on 2015-06-26 4038:from the original on 2015-06-26 3958: 3788: 3736:"The Liver Pancreas and Spleen" 3695: 3684:from the original on 2015-06-27 3670: 3650:"Surgical Anatomy of the Liver" 3641: 3630:from the original on 2015-06-27 3616: 3477:from the original on 2017-03-21 3457: 3424: 2855:Stanislas d'Escayrac de Lauture 2841:19th-century drinking scene in 2769:). Well-known examples include 1795:. Some of these infections are 1663:, the most abundant protein in 1223: 1171: 708:Cells, ducts, and blood vessels 6635: 4747:10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/00563-0 3797:Surgical Anatomy and Technique 3774:. Elsevier. pp. 342–351. 3708:Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas 3380: 3355: 3330: 3293: 3186: 3151: 3141:Essentials of Human Physiology 3128: 3116:Is the liver a purifying organ 2923:and a Humrawi is never drunk ( 1935:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency 1845:caused by increased levels of 1705:The liver produces the enzyme 1671:, and acts as a transport for 977: 884:Couinaud classification system 651: 13: 1: 6127:Ánimo, valentía. U. m. en pl. 5683:(7th ed.). p. 101. 5212:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 5161:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61412-X 4526:10.1016/S0145-305X(00)00008-2 3392:UPMC | Life Changing Medicine 3122: 2951:and specialist on the use of 2865:are one of the tribes in the 2713:, but from the culinary term 2705:, etc.) derives not from the 2042:generalized loss of nutrients 1947:Langerhans cell histiocytosis 1274: 608:Normal human liver at autopsy 6560:10.1371/journal.pone.0032392 6497:10.1371/journal.pone.0119461 5791:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.075 5516:"Coffee and your liver FAQs" 5494:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003 5088:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000004 4419:Clemente, Carmin D. (2011). 3805:10.1007/978-0-387-09515-8_13 3656:. Elsevier. pp. 23–39. 3654:Transplantation of the Liver 3560:10.1097/PAF.0000000000000175 3509:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31823d29ad 2637: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2073: 1650:mononuclear phagocyte system 1517:. This sometimes results in 1488: 1472:insulin-like growth factor 1 1150: 750:sinusoidal endothelial cells 398: 7: 6258:Schwabe, Calvin W. (1979). 5927:Annals of Internal Medicine 5478:"Coffee and liver diseases" 5405:. Springer. pp. 895–. 3934:10.1007/978-3-642-56553-3_1 3875:Clinically oriented anatomy 3850:Clinically oriented anatomy 3364:"VA.gov | Veterans Affairs" 3250:. Cancer.ca. Archived from 3100: 2547: 2541: 2531: 2035:liver fails to make albumin 1993: 1888:Primary biliary cholangitis 911:Gene and protein expression 599: 586:round ligament of the liver 317:, and the decomposition of 10: 7116: 6831:Fibrous capsule of Glisson 6310:. Abacus. pp. 20–21. 5910:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.02.032 5399:Dancygier, Henryk (2010). 5366:Annual Review of Pathology 4478:10.1038/s41598-020-60325-7 4321:Lade AG, Monga SP (2011). 3598:"Etymology online hepatic" 3095:insulin-like growth factor 3048:The liver is found in all 2797:, are also a valued meal. 2717:, literally "stuffed with 2663: 2388:magnetic resonance imaging 2291: 2188: 1730: 1726: 1278: 1227: 914: 887: 534: 29: 7004: 6955: 6905: 6896: 6779: 6610:10.1007/s00441-009-0824-8 6470:Branchiostoma lanceolatum 6445:10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.004 5625:10.2214/ajr.171.6.9843288 5435:Seminars in Liver Disease 4637:10.1007/s00429-002-0285-2 4599:10.1016/j.dci.2003.08.004 4561:10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.009 4388:10.1016/j.jss.2009.10.033 4095:10.1007/s00330-003-1885-9 3768:"Liver and Biliary Tract" 3211:10.1016/j.suc.2010.04.017 3137:"Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30" 3014:. Russian anthropologist 2525: 2346:fulminant hepatic failure 2254:. Cholangiocytes are the 2094:is suspected, then other 1821:is a condition caused by 1230:Enterohepatic circulation 626:left triangular ligaments 326:accessory digestive organ 269:of the organism, and the 225: 213: 201: 189: 177: 161: 149: 144: 128: 112: 100: 88: 76: 71: 59: 44: 39: 6598:Cell and Tissue Research 5753:W.T. Councilman (1913). 5262:"WHO | Hepatitis E" 3965:Pocock, Gillian (2006). 3734:Singh, Inderbir (2008). 3304:Human Biology and Health 3087:alanine aminotransferase 2819:beignets de foie de raie 2610:and is used to describe 2505:counteracting this. The 1959:polycystic liver disease 1858:alcoholic liver diseases 1717:, into water and oxygen. 1571: 1501:. The liver breaks down 1462:, and the production of 1454:metabolism: it performs 1070:biliary epithelial cells 1030:fibroblast growth factor 660:Impressions of the liver 530: 350:breakdown of dietary fat 6915:Intrahepatic bile ducts 6709:Encyclopædia Britannica 6533:Branchiostoma japonicum 6028:. Cosimo. p. 281. 5656:10.1515/9783110250794.1 5289:10.1007/3-540-29802-9_8 5244:"www.hepatitisc.uw.edu" 4196:10.1126/science.1260419 3766:McMinn, R.M.H. (2003). 3388:"Function of the Liver" 2659: 2256:epithelial lining cells 2027:Swelling of the abdomen 2002:Pale stools occur when 1884:used in combat sports. 1289:Carbohydrate metabolism 1203:The liver and its veins 1130:round ligament of liver 1080:carbohydrate metabolism 368:, consisting mostly of 303:carbohydrate metabolism 285:, it is located in the 6714:with several diagrams. 6594:Branchiostoma belcheri 6167: 6161: 6126: 5759:Disease and Its Causes 4741:. pp. 2930–2937. 4625:Anatomy and Embryology 3624:"Anatomy of the Liver" 3045: 2961:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine 2858: 2851:Le Désert et le Soudan 2823:foie de raie en croute 2736:is commonly used as a 2684: 2646:Afro-Asiatic languages 2569: 2563: 2557: 2555:, the word for liver ( 2326: 1815:Hepatic encephalopathy 1742: 1682:The liver synthesizes 1585:(1–4 months' supply), 1239: 1094: 1042:lateral plate mesoderm 987: 958:, coagulation factors 899: 822: 761:Hepatic stellate cells 709: 661: 609: 546: 523:from ἡπατο-, from the 505:coat derived from the 460:gastrointestinal tract 411: 227:Anatomical terminology 32:Liver (disambiguation) 6876:Hepatic stellate cell 6261:Unmentionable Cuisine 5897:Journal of Hepatology 5560:Ghent, Cam N (2009). 5447:10.1055/s-2004-823100 5281:Hepatitis Delta Virus 4293:Developmental Biology 4007:10.1007/s005340070007 3112:Johann Joseph Dömling 3040: 2840: 2673: 2330:Liver transplantation 2324: 2294:Liver transplantation 2288:Liver transplantation 1920:Congested anastomoses 1756:acute-phase reactants 1741:Left lobe liver tumor 1740: 1722:Clinical significance 1592:(3–5 years' supply), 1581:(1–2 years' supply), 1279:Further information: 1237: 1092: 985: 972:fibrinogen beta chain 915:Further information: 897: 835:common hepatic artery 820: 707: 659: 607: 544: 535:Further information: 493:after British doctor 474:, which then lead to 406: 389:liver transplantation 324:The liver is also an 271:synthesis of proteins 254:exclusively found in 6836:Perisinusoidal space 6398:Cells Tissues Organs 5980:Am. J. Gastroenterol 5206:(10053): 1545–1602. 5155:(10003): 1546–1555. 4788:10.1084/jem.99.2.125 4252:10.1096/fj.14-250555 4157:www.proteinatlas.org 3799:. pp. 497–531. 3604:on December 15, 2013 3368:www.hepatitis.va.gov 3160:Cells Tissues Organs 2949:University of Oxford 2600:, similar to Arabic 2462:, the gods punished 2110:may also be needed. 2084:liver function tests 1924:portal venous system 1819:Budd–Chiari syndrome 1805:herpes simplex virus 1797:sexually transmitted 1752:liver function tests 1561:perisinusoidal space 1442:by the bone marrow. 1369:amino acid synthesis 1021:hepatic diverticulum 825:The central area or 765:perisinusoidal space 633:peritoneal ligaments 305:, the production of 287:right upper quadrant 6947:Common hepatic duct 6720:"Beaver tail liver" 6551:2012PLoSO...732392C 6488:2015PLoSO..1019461L 6373:The Vertebrate Body 6354:Shirokogoroff, S.M. 5579:10.1155/2009/756584 5520:British Liver Trust 5323:Liver International 4470:2020NatSR..10.4194E 4290:Gilbert SF (2000). 4034:. Radiopaedia.org. 3899:"Mickey Mouse sign" 3680:. Radiopaedia.org. 3016:S. M. Shirokogoroff 2998:Arrow/bullet poison 2988:hallucinogenic fish 2450:Society and culture 2384:computed tomography 2205:compensatory growth 1916:portal hypertension 1862:alcoholic hepatitis 1659:The liver produces 1377:coagulation factors 1142:portal hypertension 1066:hematopoietic cells 1040:emanating from the 956:apolipoprotein A II 902:In the widely used 700:Microscopic anatomy 171:root hepat- (ἡπατ-) 123:hepatic portal vein 6942:Right hepatic duct 6799:Ligamentum venosum 6733:10.53347/rID-96561 6095:2014-06-30 at the 5648:Liver Regeneration 5546:2010-11-21 at the 5132:2016-01-31 at the 5056:2011-10-30 at the 5051:Cirrhosis Overview 4981:10.1007/BF01605149 4928:. 9 September 2020 4458:Scientific Reports 4339:10.1002/dvdy.22522 4083:European Radiology 3046: 2895:, which they call 2859: 2738:dietary supplement 2685: 2336:, such as chronic 2327: 2191:Liver regeneration 2185:Liver regeneration 1951:hepatic hemangioma 1892:autoimmune disease 1860:and these include 1743: 1700:low blood pressure 1690:when activated by 1351:Protein metabolism 1257:transverse fissure 1240: 1105:Fetal blood supply 1095: 1010:septum transversum 988: 900: 839:inferior vena cava 823: 813:Functional anatomy 710: 662: 618:falciform ligament 610: 582:ligamentum venosum 566:falciform ligament 547: 501:, is covered in a 462:and also from the 412: 409:falciform ligament 273:and various other 7082: 7081: 7067:Centroacinar cell 7062:Pancreatic islets 7000: 6999: 6980:Sphincter of Oddi 6937:Left hepatic duct 6671:978-0-7020-4747-3 6652:978-1-4557-0985-4 6410:10.1159/000068946 6382:978-0-03-910284-5 6271:978-0-8139-1162-5 6072:978-1-57062-280-9 6035:978-1-61640-464-2 5784:(1): 270–281.e3. 5722:10.1002/hep.23157 5690:978-0-8089-2302-2 5665:978-3-11-025078-7 5650:. pp. 1–16. 5412:978-3-642-04509-7 5298:978-3-540-29801-4 4756:978-0-12-227055-0 4669:978-1-55009-364-3 4438:978-1-58255-889-9 4239:The FASEB Journal 4190:(6220): 1260419. 4089:(11): 2472–2482. 3976:978-0-19-856878-0 3943:978-3-540-41887-0 3873:Moore, K (2018). 3848:Moore, K (2018). 3814:978-0-387-09515-8 3781:978-0-7295-3752-0 3749:978-81-8061-833-8 3717:978-3-540-76839-5 3704:"Liver resection" 3663:978-1-4557-5383-3 3450:978-0-7216-0187-8 3315:978-0-13-981176-0 3286:978-0-470-08471-7 3172:10.1159/000140715 3135:Nosek, Thomas M. 2766:meurav Yerushalmi 2709:anatomical term, 2689:Romance languages 2078:The diagnosis of 1939:alagille syndrome 1839:liver enlargement 1711:hydrogen peroxide 864:that contain the 731:Mickey Mouse sign 491:Glisson's capsule 385:Artificial livers 336:fluid containing 241: 240: 236: 172: 16:(Redirected from 7107: 7100:Organs (anatomy) 7036:Uncinate process 6975:Ampulla of Vater 6970:Common bile duct 6925:Canals of Hering 6920:Bile canaliculus 6903: 6902: 6858:Lobules of liver 6846:Periportal space 6765: 6758: 6751: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6735: 6713: 6705: 6675: 6656: 6630: 6629: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6572: 6562: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6509: 6499: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6331: 6322: 6321: 6300: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6226: 6220: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6195: 6185: 6184: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6164: 6156: 6154: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6122: 6120: 6106: 6100: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6075:. Archived from 6049: 6043: 6042: 6018: 6012: 6011: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5942: 5922: 5912: 5888: 5878: 5853: 5847: 5846: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5793: 5778:Gastroenterology 5769: 5763: 5762: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5716:(5): 1656–1663. 5701: 5695: 5694: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5619:(6): 1559–1564. 5608: 5602: 5601: 5591: 5581: 5557: 5551: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5223: 5190: 5181: 5180: 5143: 5137: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5107: 5082:(4): 1335–1347. 5067: 5061: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5031: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4807: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4620: 4611: 4610: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4509: 4500: 4499: 4489: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4426: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4399: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4350: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4254: 4245:(7): 2901–2914. 4230: 4224: 4223: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4124: 4115: 4114: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4059:. Archived from 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4028: 4019: 4018: 3990: 3981: 3980: 3967:Human Physiology 3962: 3956: 3955: 3921: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3845: 3839: 3830: 3819: 3818: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3731: 3722: 3721: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3600:. Archived from 3594: 3588: 3587: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3465:"Enlarged liver" 3461: 3455: 3454: 3438: 3428: 3422: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3341:(4th ed.). 3334: 3328: 3327: 3307: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3244: 3233: 3232: 3222: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3143:. Archived from 3132: 3004:Tungusic peoples 2761:Japanese cuisine 2753:Lebanese cuisine 2640: 2635: 2634: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2573:is "indolence". 2572: 2566: 2560: 2550: 2544: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2521: 2438: 2426: 2414: 2402: 2264:artificial liver 2244:canals of Hering 2215:re-entering the 2173: 2161: 2145: 2133: 2056:clotting factors 1900:Canals of Hering 1777:hepatitis A 1677:steroid hormones 1669:oncotic pressure 1643:phagocytic cells 1555:Lymph production 1483:anabolic effects 1446:Lipid metabolism 1338:Liver also does 1333:breakdown of fat 1269:ampulla of Vater 1212: 1200: 1158:artificial organ 1123: 1034:developing heart 831:common bile duct 804: 792: 780: 671:suprarenal gland 527:word for liver. 433:abdominal cavity 374:chemical factory 233:edit on Wikidata 230: 170: 95:Digestive system 64: 49: 37: 36: 21: 18:Liver parenchyma 7115: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7078: 6996: 6951: 6892: 6775: 6771:Anatomy of the 6769: 6724:Radiopaedia.org 6700: 6682: 6672: 6653: 6638: 6633: 6590: 6586: 6527: 6523: 6482:(3): e0119461. 6464: 6460: 6429: 6425: 6394: 6390: 6383: 6369: 6365: 6351: 6347: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6301: 6290: 6281: 6279: 6272: 6256: 6252: 6243: 6241: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6214: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6194:being spilled). 6180: 6176: 6152: 6150: 6139: 6135: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6107: 6103: 6097:Wayback Machine 6088: 6084: 6073: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6019: 6015: 5976: 5972: 5940:10.1.1.689.8218 5869:(12): 754–755. 5854: 5850: 5811: 5807: 5770: 5766: 5751: 5747: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5644: 5640: 5609: 5605: 5558: 5554: 5548:Wayback Machine 5539: 5535: 5525: 5523: 5522:. February 2024 5514: 5513: 5509: 5474: 5470: 5431: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5397: 5393: 5362: 5358: 5318: 5314: 5299: 5277: 5273: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5191: 5184: 5144: 5140: 5134:Wayback Machine 5125: 5121: 5068: 5064: 5058:Wayback Machine 5049: 5045: 5008: 5004: 4964: 4960: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4884: 4880: 4873: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4825: 4821: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4712: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4685: 4684: 4677: 4670: 4656: 4652: 4621: 4614: 4583: 4576: 4545: 4541: 4510: 4503: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4417: 4413: 4368: 4364: 4319: 4312: 4303: 4301: 4288: 4284: 4231: 4227: 4179: 4175: 4166: 4164: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4137: 4135: 4126: 4125: 4118: 4079: 4075: 4066: 4064: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4041: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4022: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3963: 3959: 3944: 3922: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3846: 3842: 3831: 3822: 3815: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3685: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3646: 3642: 3633: 3631: 3626:. Liver.co.uk. 3622: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3544: 3540: 3493: 3489: 3480: 3478: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3429: 3425: 3412: 3405: 3396: 3394: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3372: 3370: 3362:Basics, Liver. 3360: 3356: 3349: 3335: 3331: 3316: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3273: 3266: 3257: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3236: 3195:"Liver Anatomy" 3191: 3187: 3156: 3152: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3103: 3035: 3000: 2835: 2730: 2683:liver casserole 2668: 2662: 2460:Greek mythology 2452: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2430: 2427: 2418: 2415: 2406: 2403: 2296: 2290: 2193: 2187: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2165: 2162: 2153: 2146: 2137: 2134: 2076: 1996: 1988:liver cirrhosis 1931:biliary atresia 1876:, particularly 1874:caused by drugs 1748:thoracic cavity 1735: 1729: 1724: 1715:oxidising agent 1684:angiotensinogen 1590: 1574: 1557: 1548:cardiac failure 1543: 1541:Blood reservoir 1535:ornithine cycle 1533:as part of the 1515:drug metabolism 1507:glucuronidation 1491: 1448: 1386:(prothrombin), 1365:Gamma-globulins 1361:plasma proteins 1353: 1340:glyconeogenesis 1317:gluconeogenesis 1291: 1283: 1277: 1253:bile canaliculi 1232: 1226: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1204: 1201: 1174: 1153: 1119: 1118:, creating the 1107: 1015:. In the human 980: 919: 913: 892: 886: 878:umbilical plate 815: 808: 805: 796: 793: 784: 781: 746:liver sinusoids 714:hepatic lobules 702: 667:hepatic flexure 654: 648:porta hepatis. 640:portion of the 602: 539: 533: 515: 495:Francis Glisson 476:hepatic lobules 472:liver sinusoids 425:reference range 401: 319:red blood cells 281:and growth. In 237: 169: 67: 55: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7113: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7010: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6990:Cholecystocyte 6984: 6983: 6982: 6972: 6967: 6961: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6911: 6909: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6849: 6848: 6841:Liver sinusoid 6838: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6814:Lobes of liver 6811: 6809:Round ligament 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6785: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6768: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6715: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6680:External links 6678: 6677: 6676: 6670: 6657: 6651: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6584: 6521: 6458: 6439:(2): 297–305. 6423: 6404:(2): 115–121. 6388: 6381: 6363: 6345: 6323: 6316: 6288: 6270: 6250: 6221: 6208: 6196: 6174: 6159:(Bc, BN-s, R) 6133: 6101: 6082: 6079:on 2016-03-05. 6071: 6057:Hillman, James 6044: 6034: 6013: 5986:(4): 755–759. 5970: 5933:(6): 421–426. 5903:(2): 357–361. 5848: 5821:(3): 279–287. 5805: 5764: 5745: 5696: 5689: 5671: 5664: 5638: 5603: 5572:(6): 437–438. 5552: 5533: 5507: 5488:(5): 297–305. 5468: 5425: 5411: 5391: 5356: 5329:(2): 253–259. 5312: 5297: 5271: 5253: 5235: 5182: 5138: 5119: 5062: 5043: 5002: 4975:(5): 429–436. 4958: 4938: 4913: 4894:(2): 292–295. 4878: 4871: 4854: 4835:(7): 791–801. 4819: 4782:(2): 125–132. 4762: 4755: 4729: 4722: 4702: 4695: 4675: 4668: 4650: 4631:(3): 193–197. 4612: 4593:(4): 347–355. 4574: 4539: 4520:(5): 445–454. 4501: 4444: 4437: 4411: 4382:(2): 276–285. 4362: 4333:(3): 486–500. 4310: 4282: 4225: 4173: 4144: 4116: 4073: 4048: 4020: 4001:(6): 580–586. 3982: 3975: 3957: 3942: 3911: 3890: 3883: 3865: 3858: 3840: 3838:, p. 925. 3820: 3813: 3787: 3780: 3755: 3748: 3723: 3716: 3694: 3669: 3662: 3640: 3615: 3589: 3554:(3): 182–187. 3538: 3503:(4): 368–372. 3487: 3456: 3449: 3423: 3403: 3379: 3354: 3347: 3329: 3314: 3292: 3285: 3264: 3234: 3205:(4): 643–653. 3185: 3166:(4): 297–337. 3150: 3147:on 2016-03-24. 3126: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3109: 3102: 3099: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3023: 2999: 2996: 2980: 2979: 2976:subconsciously 2937: 2936: 2905:hallucinations 2885:Chadian Arabic 2845:, home to the 2834: 2831: 2827:French cuisine 2799:Liver sausages 2791:Braunschweiger 2728: 2664:Main article: 2661: 2658: 2654:Ge'ez language 2622:(most notably 2620:book of Psalms 2606:), also means 2451: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2292:Main article: 2289: 2286: 2282:ancient Greeks 2252:cholangiocytes 2189:Main article: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2156: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2059: 2049: 2038: 2024: 2010: 2007: 1995: 1992: 1731:Main article: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1709:to break down 1703: 1688:blood pressure 1680: 1657: 1646: 1635: 1621: 1588: 1573: 1570: 1556: 1553: 1542: 1539: 1490: 1487: 1447: 1444: 1432:thrombopoietin 1382:(fibrinogen), 1373:red blood cell 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1336: 1313: 1310:glycogenolysis 1306: 1290: 1287: 1276: 1273: 1228:Main article: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1173: 1170: 1162:liver dialysis 1152: 1149: 1106: 1103: 1062:vitelline vein 1060:and the right 1058:ductus venosus 1054:umbilical vein 979: 976: 912: 909: 888:Main article: 885: 882: 814: 811: 810: 809: 806: 799: 797: 794: 787: 785: 782: 775: 701: 698: 694:lesser omentum 690:tuber omentale 653: 650: 601: 598: 575:Cantlie's line 559:quadrate lobes 537:Lobes of liver 532: 529: 514: 511: 448:hepatic artery 400: 397: 381:liver dialysis 328:that produces 277:necessary for 267:detoxification 239: 238: 229: 223: 222: 217: 211: 210: 205: 199: 198: 193: 187: 186: 181: 175: 174: 165: 159: 158: 153: 147: 146: 142: 141: 135:Celiac ganglia 132: 126: 125: 116: 110: 109: 107:Hepatic artery 104: 98: 97: 92: 86: 85: 80: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 57: 56: 50: 42: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7112: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7073: 7072:Stellate cell 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7058:Microanatomy 7057: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6991: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6898:Biliary tract 6895: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867:Microanatomy 6866: 6864: 6863:Liver segment 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6804:Porta hepatis 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6766: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6747: 6746: 6743: 6734: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6710: 6704: 6703:"Liver" 6699: 6697: 6696:Liver enzymes 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6673: 6667: 6663: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6588: 6580: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6545:(3): e32392. 6544: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6525: 6517: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6392: 6384: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6349: 6341: 6337: 6330: 6328: 6319: 6317:0-349-11127-8 6313: 6309: 6305: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6254: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6218: 6212: 6205: 6204:Kavod - Honor 6200: 6193: 6189: 6178: 6171: 6169: 6163: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6128: 6114: 6113: 6105: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6086: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6054: 6053:Krishna, Gopi 6048: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6022:Spence, Lewis 6017: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5852: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5809: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5768: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5686: 5682: 5675: 5667: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5537: 5521: 5517: 5511: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5429: 5414: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5275: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5189: 5187: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5142: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4948: 4942: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4874: 4872:9780321852120 4868: 4864: 4858: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4766: 4758: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4725: 4723:9780321852120 4719: 4715: 4709: 4707: 4698: 4696:9780321852120 4692: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4671: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4617: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4579: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4508: 4506: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4424: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4315: 4299: 4295: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4177: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4121: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4063:on 2009-02-09 4062: 4058: 4052: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4025: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3987: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3900: 3894: 3886: 3884:9781496347213 3880: 3876: 3869: 3861: 3859:9781496347213 3855: 3851: 3844: 3837: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3760: 3751: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3730: 3728: 3719: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3698: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3644: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3415:Liver Anatomy 3410: 3408: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3350: 3348:9780721690513 3344: 3340: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3306: 3305: 3296: 3288: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3269: 3254:on 2015-06-26 3253: 3249: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3033:Other animals 3026: 3025: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2982:The study of 2977: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2953:hallucinogens 2950: 2946: 2942: 2935:has upon him. 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2919:, are strict 2918: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2833:Giraffe liver 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2803:South African 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2779:chopped liver 2776: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2734:cod liver oil 2731: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2676:Maksalaatikko 2672: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2554: 2553:Zulu language 2549: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2437: 2432: 2425: 2420: 2413: 2408: 2401: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2304:United States 2301: 2300:Thomas Starzl 2295: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2172: 2167: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2144: 2139: 2132: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2080:liver disease 2068: 2067:pre-eclampsia 2064: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2048:and vitamins. 2047: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1979:measurement. 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1955:benign tumour 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827:hepatic veins 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1801:Herpesviridae 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1734: 1733:Liver disease 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1654:portal system 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641:of liver are 1640: 1639:Kupffer cells 1636: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1549: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1464:triglycerides 1461: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1418:, as well as 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1286: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1244:biliary tract 1238:Biliary tract 1236: 1231: 1211: 1206: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1186:central veins 1182: 1179: 1169: 1167: 1166:liver failure 1163: 1159: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1113: 1102: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1084:WNT/β-catenin 1081: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1038:retinoic acid 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026:drainage duct 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1000: 996: 995:embryogenesis 992: 991:Organogenesis 984: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 928:liver enzymes 925: 918: 908: 905: 896: 891: 890:Liver segment 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 827:hepatic hilum 819: 803: 798: 791: 786: 779: 774: 773: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757:Kupffer cells 755: 751: 747: 742: 738: 734: 732: 728: 723: 719: 715: 706: 697: 695: 691: 685: 681: 679: 674: 672: 668: 658: 649: 645: 643: 639: 634: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 606: 597: 595: 591: 590:porta hepatis 587: 583: 578: 576: 572: 567: 562: 560: 556: 552: 549:The liver is 543: 538: 528: 526: 522: 521: 513:Gross anatomy 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 483:hepatic cells 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 444:blood vessels 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 417: 410: 405: 396: 394: 393:liver failure 390: 386: 382: 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 360:to help with 359: 355: 351: 348:and aids the 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 257: 253: 250: 246: 234: 228: 224: 221: 218: 216: 212: 209: 206: 204: 200: 197: 194: 192: 188: 185: 182: 180: 176: 173: 166: 164: 160: 157: 154: 152: 148: 143: 140: 136: 133: 131: 127: 124: 120: 117: 115: 111: 108: 105: 103: 99: 96: 93: 91: 87: 84: 81: 79: 75: 70: 63: 58: 54: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 6930:Interlobular 6881:Kupffer cell 6853:Portal triad 6794:Cantlie line 6780: 6723: 6707: 6661: 6642: 6604:(1): 67–77. 6601: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6524: 6479: 6475: 6469: 6461: 6436: 6432: 6426: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6372: 6366: 6357: 6348: 6339: 6335: 6307: 6280:. 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