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Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets

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657:(1795) with the statement that "When a new collection of English poetry is offered to the public, it will doubtless be inquired what are the deficiencies of preceding collections." To answer the question he went on to survey such anthologies over two centuries, noting in what ways they fell short of the completeness that he proposed. The ‘Johnson edition’ had failed in extensiveness by starting the English canon only in the second half of the 17th century. When it was augmented with the work of fourteen more poets in 1790, it still failed in inclusiveness, even over its allotted time-span; in addition, the biographical details of the added poets were skimped. What Anderson now proposed was a more ambitious set of poets, extending from 152:. But as the work progressed, many of the prefaces grew in length, further holding up progress. The format of these now included a narrative of the poet’s life, a summary of his character and a critical assessment of his main poems. Eventually the decision was taken in 1779 to issue 56 volumes of poets alone, for which the sheets were already printed, together with separate volumes of prefaces as and when Johnson completed them. At first the prefaces were only made available to subscribers to the full set of poets, but in March 1781 the collected prefaces were offered separately as a six-volume work under the present title. 609:. It has been conjectured, as mentioned above, that a reissue of the work thirty years after its first publication was a response to the omission of any female poets from the recent collection. The 1785 editor does not say as much in the "Advertisement" and it is only by a comparison of the contents lists of the two that it becomes apparent that the new edition gives a less comprehensive choice of works in order to include more authors. Breadth of coverage in the 1785 edition demonstrates the variety of women poets rather than, as in the 1755 edition, the variety of writing by individual authors. 116:, to provide short biographies for a standard edition of poets in whom they had an interest. Johnson named a price of 200 guineas, an amount significantly lower than what he could have demanded. Soon afterwards, advertisements began to appear announcing “The English Poets, with a preface biographical and critical, to each author…elegantly printed in small pocket volumes, on a fine writing paper, ornamented with the heads of the respective authors, engraved by the most eminent artists”. 696:, Swift, and Gray as "points which stand as so many natural centres, and by returning to which we can always find our way again" and also as a model for Arnold's "ideal of liberal education", representing "a crucial century and a half in English literature". For Arnold the whole work, focusing on these six, formed a "compendious story of a whole important age in English literature, told by a great man, and in a performance which is itself a piece of English literature of the first class". 561: 1639: 673:(1810). The main difference is that for those poets who appeared in the 'Johnson edition', Johnson's lives are retained. At this date it is conceded in the preface that, "after all the objections that have been offered, must ever be the foundation of English poetical biography." By including them also there is an implied continuity between the volumes to which Johnson contributed and Chalmers' "work professing to be a Body of the Standard English Poets". 630:. These were unaccompanied by the works of the seventeen poets covered, apart from excerpts quoted in discussing their writing. The essays follow Johnson's tripartite exposition of biographical detail, character study and descriptive survey of the poetry, and begin with Johnson himself, at ninety pages in length by far the longest essay in the book. There his prose works as well as his poetry are discussed; in fact more pages are devoted to the 22: 707:, nuances this by pointing out that Johnson did not set out to produce a literary history. His main preoccupation is with how literary work is in a state of flux and advanced by individuals writing within a historical context. Consideration of their lives is therefore justified as it helps the reader in a different time to appreciate the significance of the works described. 119:
Johnson was slow to put pen to paper, although on 3 May 1777 he wrote to Boswell that he was busy preparing "little Lives and little Prefaces, to a little edition of the English Poets". When asked later by Boswell whether he would do this for "any dunce’s works, if they should ask him," Johnson
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and covering the Tudor and early Stuart poets previously omitted, although in the event he was unable to include all that he wished. The selection also included more Scottish poets (though excluding dialect poetry) and two volumes of translations from the Classical writers. The accompanying
703:, Greg Clingham describes the topics covered there as "like a list of most of the important issues in literary history during the years 1600–1781" as well as something like a social, philosophical and political history of that era. But Philip Smallwood, commenting on the Lives in 91:
during an episode of anti-Scottish sentiment in England. As related in the preface to the 1891 edition of the Lives, Scottish publishers had started to produce editions of the collected works of various English poets and sell them in London, which was considered an invasion of
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that "he was much more interested in the man than in that part of him which is the author ...He claimed for it no exclusive privileges, nor held that the poet was a man apart to be measured by standards inapplicable to other men."
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Although the quality of Johnson's writing has guaranteed the survival of his last considerable undertaking, its critical limitations generated published responses almost immediately. One of Johnson's own friends,
602:, affords a striking instance of caprice in the matter of admission to literary honours", he charged. To Scott the choice of poets seemed lacking in either method or "rational impartial criticism" (p. 247). 213:, but this may have been due to copyright issues in both cases. Women poets were comprehensively omitted and that fact too was to draw criticism. Indeed, it has been conjectured that the 1785 new edition of 642:, who precede and follow him. Where it is pertinent, Johnson's critical opinions are quoted (although not always approved), and in Goldsmith's case Johnsonian anecdotes are introduced. 598:
he takes particular issue with the principles of inclusion in the collection of poets with which Johnson was associated: "The Temple of Fame, lately erected under the title of
104:, printed in Edinburgh at the rate of a volume a week. In order to compete with this project, Johnson was asked by a deputation of London publishers and booksellers, led by 194:
at Johnson's request, since that baronet had known him well. There are also lengthy quotations from other authors, as for example the “Prefatory Discourse” to the work of
51:
comprising short biographies and critical appraisals of 52 poets, most of whom lived during the eighteenth century. These were arranged, approximately, by date of death.
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Not all the details in the book have proved trustworthy, and many critical judgements were considered prejudiced and unequal, even at the time of publication. The
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for May 1748, was worked over to conform to Johnson’s overall plan. An earlier “Dissertation on Pope’s Epitaphs” from 1756 was added to the end of the life of
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than to Johnson's own performance as a poet. Oliver Goldsmith appears midway through the book and is given only twenty-four pages, less than those awarded
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The Works Of The English Poets From Chaucer To Cowper Including The Series Edited With Prefaces Biographical And Critical Volume I (1810)
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Even though the choice of authors was limited to those who were dead, some among the most recently deceased were not included, notably
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Poems by the Most Eminent Ladies of Great Britain and Ireland…with considerable alterations, additions and improvements
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he was a dunce." However, while so engaged, he made a few suggestions of his own for inclusion, including the poems of
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With some rare exceptions, almost all the prefaces were specially written for the series. The extended Life of
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The lives of the most eminent English poets; with critical observations on their works, in three volumes
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The lives of the most eminent English poets; with critical observations on their works, in three volumes
1528: 105: 1428: 1395: 960: 225:(originally published in 1755) may have been meant as a conscious supplement to the all-male series. 113: 76: 54:
From the close of the 18th century, expanded editions and updates of Johnson's work began to appear.
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Johnson began writing individual biographical pieces in 1740, the first being devoted to
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The lives of the most eminent English poets; with critical observations on their works
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In mentioning this reading of Johnson's Lives at the start of his own article in
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The Most Disreputable Trade: Publishing the Classics of English Poetry 1765-1810
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of 1744 was incorporated with very few changes; an article on
74:. In 1744 he wrote his first extended literary biography, the 590:
Critical Essays on Some of the Poems of Several English Poets
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The Poets of Great Britain complete from Chaucer to Churchill
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Various accounts are given of how Johnson came to write his
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biographies of the poets were written by Anderson himself.
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to the 2006 edition of Johnson's "Lives" (Clarendon Press)
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The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
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The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
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The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper
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Miscellaneous Observations on the Tragedy of Macbeth
41:(1779–81), alternatively known by the shorter title 1033:
Life and literature in Johnson’s Lives of the Poets
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Six Chief Lives from Johnson's "Lives of the Poets"
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"Johnson and Boswell" in 669:advanced little beyond his predecessor in his 230:Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature 1229: 819:Johnson and Boswell: The Transit of Caledonia 605:In the same year appeared the new edition of 1536:The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia 1475:A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland 244:'s Odes, and its evident prejudice against 1608:A Biographical Sketch of Dr Samuel Johnson 1236: 1222: 100:proposed to bring out a 109-volume set of 701:The Cambridge Companion to Samuel Johnson 232:instances as examples "its strictures on 688:(1878), considered the Lives of Milton, 624:Lives of English poets, from Johnson to 559: 29:, later used in the 1806 edition of the 20: 1451:Proposals for an Edition of Shakespeare 751:, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 38:Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets 1654: 1020: 1008: 982: 716: 555: 96:precedent. Then in 1777 the publisher 25:A print of Samuel Johnson, based on a 1569:The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides 1217: 1593:Anecdotes of the Late Samuel Johnson 1482:A Dictionary of the English Language 877: 739: 726:Selected Criticism of Matthew Arnold 646:A body of the standard English poets 272: 304:Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon 13: 1243: 728:, New York: New American Library, 403:John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham 209:(of whom Johnson disapproved) and 14: 1698: 1169:Lives of the Poets in Two Volumes 1060: 1047:"Johnson as Poetical Historian", 998:. Vol. 09. pp. 443–445. 324:Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset 1638: 1637: 1446:The Plays of William Shakespeare 995:Dictionary of National Biography 592:. When dealing with Goldsmith's 433:George Granville, Lord Lansdowne 373:Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax 264: 156:The Lives and their shortcomings 1041: 1026: 1014: 1002: 976: 965: 954: 943: 932: 923: 910: 901: 710: 1677:English non-fiction literature 892: 883: 871: 862: 853: 844: 835: 824: 807: 793:1913, Vol.X, sections 25–6 on 677:Later critical interpretations 600:The Works of the English Poets 299:John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester 84:who had died the year before. 16:1779–81 book by Samuel Johnson 1: 1035:, Cambridge University 1997, 929:Nichol Smith 1913, section 26 889:Nichol Smith 1913, section 25 800: 57: 1259:Birthplace, home, and museum 1129:(1810?) at Internet Archive 907:Lonsdale 2006, note 17, p.11 616:published several essays in 7: 1171:(1826) at Internet Archive 1086:Lives of the Poets Volume 2 1071:Lives of the Poets Volume 1 989:"Chalmers, Alexander"  27:portrait by Joshua Reynolds 10: 1703: 1529:The Vanity of Human Wishes 1149:an introd. by Arthur Waugh 776:The Life of Samuel Johnson 168:, previously published in 1667:Biographies about writers 1635: 1617: 1545: 1498: 1466: 1429:Life of Mr Richard Savage 1417: 1373: 1312: 1251: 120:replied, "Yes, sir; and 77:Life of Mr Richard Savage 1389:The Gentleman's Magazine 1345:Elizabeth Johnson (wife) 294:Samuel Butler (Hudibras) 269:The poets included are: 182:had already appeared in 171:The Gentleman's Magazine 1687:Books by Samuel Johnson 223:Poems by Eminent Ladies 1662:1781 non-fiction books 1577:Life of Samuel Johnson 1561:Life of Samuel Johnson 1489:Letter to Chesterfield 1456:Preface to Shakespeare 1374:Essays and periodicals 1193:) at Internet Archive 898:Lonsdale 2006, pp.9-10 868:Lonsdale 2006, pp.32-3 612:Between 1821 and 1824 568: 542:George, Lord Lyttelton 198:written by his friend 64:Jean-Philippe Baratier 33: 841:Lonsdale 2006, pp.4-5 779:, Musaicum Books 2017 563: 418:Sir Richard Blackmore 184:The Poetical Calendar 178:and the character of 166:the Earl of Roscommon 24: 1304:Samuel Johnson Prize 741:Bate, Walter Jackson 595:The Deserted Village 186:(1763). The life of 1672:British biographies 1467:Miscellaneous prose 1409:Taxation no Tyranny 764:Bonnell, Thomas F. 619:The London Magazine 556:Editorial responses 1499:Fiction and poetry 1434:Lives of the Poets 1382:Birmingham Journal 1289:Literary criticism 1279:Dr Johnson's House 722:Ricks, Christopher 667:Alexander Chalmers 632:Lives of the Poets 614:Henry Francis Cary 569: 566:Lives of the Poets 250:Metaphysical style 89:Lives of the Poets 44:Lives of the Poets 34: 31:Lives of the Poets 1649: 1648: 1274:Edial Hall School 1091:Project Gutenberg 1076:Project Gutenberg 782:Lonsdale, Roger. 552: 551: 517:William Shenstone 453:William Somervile 207:Charles Churchill 192:Sir Herbert Croft 138:Richard Blackmore 1694: 1641: 1640: 1591:Hester Thrale's 1583:Arthur Murphy's 1567:James Boswell's 1559:James Boswell's 1441: 1238: 1231: 1224: 1215: 1214: 1191:Peter Cunningham 1093: 1078: 1054: 1045: 1039: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1000: 999: 991: 984:Cooper, Thompson 980: 974: 969: 963: 958: 952: 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Index


portrait by Joshua Reynolds
Samuel Johnson
Jean-Philippe Baratier
Robert Blake
Francis Drake
Life of Mr Richard Savage
a friend
copyright
John Bell
Thomas Davies
William Strahan
Thomas Cadell
John Pomfret
Thomas Yalden
Isaac Watts
Richard Blackmore
James Thomson
Richard Savage
the Earl of Roscommon
The Gentleman's Magazine
Alexander Pope
William Collins
Edward Young
Sir Herbert Croft
John Philips
Edmund Smith
Charles Churchill
Oliver Goldsmith
George Colman

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