121:
and New Guinea, later in the China-Burma-India area of operations, to eject cargo bundles they have previously prepared for airdrop from the doors over drop zones. By 1944 the IX Troop
Carrier Command in Europe included personnel designated as "dropmasters" in its troop carrier squadrons. Also in 1944 the Air Transport Command began assigning enlisted men, most of whom had been in training for aircrew duty in other fields, including pilots, navigators and bombardiers, as "flight clerks." The first flight clerks were assigned to special flights known as "Red Ball" which were set up to deliver crucial aircraft parts to ATC units in India assigned to the India-China Ferry. By the end of the war, flight clerks were flying on most four-engine transports to be responsible for cargo manifests and take care of passengers. Weight and balance computation does not appear to have initially been one of their duties, although it has been associated with the loadmaster career field since it was established. They were given the MOS 2967 - Flight Traffic Clerk. The new MOS was obviously an outgrowth of the 967 MOS, which had been given to men assigned to air cargo units as air traffic specialists.
176:, and the weight of the crew, and the positions of each of these factors. The weight of each of these factors is known before a flight. What varies from flight to flight is not only the weight of any or all of these factors, but the position of such factors as fuel, passengers and cargo. The weight of each of these factors is converted into a "moment", by multiplying the weight of each item times its distance from a reference point which was established when the aircraft was designed. The sum of all moments is then divided by the sum of all weights and the result is the "center of gravity" for the aircraft with crew, fuel, cargo and passengers aboard. This center of gravity must be within a range specified by the designers. Furthermore, as fuel is burned off during flight the center of gravity changes continually, so that the aircraft becomes either more nose-heavy or more tail-heavy as the flight continues. This must be taken into account when the aircraft is loaded. An aircraft which was "within limits" on takeoff could, in the course of a flight, become "out of limits" because of fuel burnoff.
20:
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128:, aircraft were initially loaded haphazardly, with ground personnel piling as much cargo into an airplane as possible, which often led to weight and balance problems. To alleviate the situation, air terminal squadrons were set up by the troop carrier wings overseas and, after the establishment of the Air Transport Command, at air terminals in the United States. Officers, pilots and navigators, were trained to perform weight and balance calculations and became responsible for load planning. Aerial engineers on bombers and four-engine transports were also trained in weight and balance calculations using special slide rules developed for each airplane and commonly known as "slipsticks".
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92:, loadmasters may also directly affect combat readiness as they are also responsible for determining the load order of aircraft so that more tactically important material (e.g. ammunition) is off-loaded first and therefore ready to deploy faster than other support items; this may be especially important to forward operating bases.
87:
and passenger placement to keep the aircraft within permissible center of gravity limits throughout the flight. Loadmasters ensure cargo is placed on the aircraft in such a way as to prevent overloading sensitive sections of the airframe and cargo floor. Considerations are also given to civilian and
120:
Although the aircraft loadmaster career field was not formally established by the US Air Force until 1953, duties eventually assumed by loadmasters began early in World War II when laundry personnel assigned to Air Corps quartermaster units began flying on troop carrier transports in the
Australia
195:
and the increasing role of troop carrier transports in
Southeast Asia, loadmasters were reassigned from aerial port units to troop carrier squadrons where they assumed duties previously assigned to scanners and became part of the flight crew. Loadmasters became extremely important in the harsh
95:
The loadmaster may physically load the aircraft, but primarily supervises loading crews and procedures. Once positioned aboard the aircraft, the loadmaster ensures that their charge is properly secured, as an unexpected shift of the load can produce serious handling problems for the aircraft.
204:
and C-130s "mortar magnets." The loadmaster's task was to discharge the load as quickly as possible so the airplane could get off the ground to avoid incoming rocket and mortar fire. Loadmasters were also trained to drop flares and leaflets, and to operate retrieval equipment used in special
183:. In the Military Air Transport Service, they were assigned to air transport squadrons and flew on missions when cargo was carried. MATS loadmasters were considered cabin crewmembers rather than part of the flight crew and were not afforded crew rest as were members of the cockpit crew.
103:
can be a highly technical and dangerous undertaking. Under some situations, the most effective way to resupply ground troops is by aerial delivery of equipment, ammunition, food, and medical supplies. Many military victories have been dependent in large part upon aerial delivery.
208:
In 1964, MATS became the
Military Airlift Command (MAC) and assumed more of an operational role. Loadmasters, often first-term airmen, continued the previous role, but were also trained for tactical operations, particularly aerial delivery of troops and cargo from
217:
entered service, the loadmaster field became more technical as loadmasters became responsible for operating complex systems to operate the hydraulic systems that operated the forward and aft cargo doors and to kneel the airplane for loading and unloading.
96:
Chains, straps, and integrated cargo locks are among the most common tools used to secure the cargo. Because cargo may shift during abrupt maneuvers, the loadmaster must determine the appropriate type(s), quantity and placement of cargo restraint.
304:
Sergeant Graham Jones, 32, a
Chinook crewman, has been honoured for going beyond his duties by leaving the aircraft in order to fire at the enemy in the heartland of the Taliban so that a quadbike rider could make his getaway on the ground.
171:
The center of gravity of a transport aircraft is a function of a number of factors: the weight of the empty aircraft (the so-called "basic weight"), the weight of the fuel load (usually carried only in the wings), the weight of the cargo and
88:
military regulations which may prohibit the placement of one type of cargo in proximity to another. Unusual cargo may require special equipment to be loaded safely aboard the aircraft, limiting where the other cargo may feasibly be placed.
163:
must fall within a range specified by the aircraft's designers. An aircraft that is too nose-heavy or too tail-heavy will not fly properly, because the angle of attack is affected adversely. This can destroy lift, and cause a
225:
also led to the assignment of loadmasters to
Airlift Control Elements, commonly known as ALCE (aka TALCE when deployed), where they were responsible for planning loads at forward locations with Army and Marine Corps units.
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283:, who landed his C-123 at Khe Sanh to pick up members of an Air Force airlift control team that had been stranded at the besieged camp at Kham Duc. (Lt. Col. Jackson was awarded the Medal of Honor for the action.)
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after his AC-47 gunship was struck by a Viet Cong mortar near Bien Hoa in 1968. Badly wounded, Levitow managed to throw an armed flare out of the airplane before it ignited the airplane's ammunition stores.
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Several other loadmasters received Silver Stars for actions in Blind Bat C-130 flareships and SSgt. Ralph Bemis received the medal after the C-130 he was on was shot down over An Loc.
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Until the 1980s, loadmasters were found primarily within the military, but as civilian airlines became more involved in air freight operations with large airplanes, particularly, the
272:
for his actions when his C-130 was struck by ground fire that killed the flight engineer and wounded the copilot and navigator during an airdrop mission over An Loc in 1972.
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Many loadmasters may also be required to be qualified for "aerial delivery" of paratroops or cargo by parachute. Compared to the relatively routine transportation of cargo,
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51:(with cargo ramp) tasked with the safe loading, transport and unloading of aerial cargoes. Loadmasters serve in the militaries and civilian airlines of many nations.
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aircraft is supported in flight only by its wing(s). For an aircraft to become and remain airborne, the wing must move through the air at a specified "
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Cargo helicopter loadmasters provide aircraft clearance information and direct pilots to safe positions when landing and taking off.
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for actions on 6 September 2006 that he acted with exceptional professionalism and bravery under enemy fire three times.
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Throughout the 1950s, loadmasters in troop carrier units were assigned primarily to
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Three RAF And Marine
Receive Distinguished Flying Cross In Operational Honours
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Three RAF And Marine
Receive Distinguished Flying Cross In Operational Honours
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Aircrew member responsible for managing cargo during loading and in-flight
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conditions of
Southeast Asia, where troop carrier aircraft operated into
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for his role as the loadmaster on the C-123 crew commanded by Lt. Col.
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Two USAF loadmasters securing a vehicle inside of an aircraft in 2010
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The term "loadmaster" is believed to have been created by the
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Air route authority between the United States and China
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loadmaster and a crew member of the standby Chinook at
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became the only loadmaster to be decorated with the
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transport aircraft in the US inventory at the time.
83:The loadmaster performs the calculations and plans
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381:Duties and Responsibilities of a USAF Loadmaster
1052:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
268:Staff Sergeant Charles Schaub was awarded the
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191:In the early 1960s with the advent of the
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144:aircraft in the late 1940s, the largest
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27:loadmaster directing a vehicle onto a
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275:SSgt. Maynard Grubbs was awarded the
132:Late 1940s, Korean War, and the 1950s
1620:United States Air Force specialisms
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116:Development, early 1940s, and WWII
14:
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990:Environmental effects of aviation
187:1960s, the Vietnam War, and 1970s
71:Australian Army Loadmaster Brevet
63:Royal Australian Air Force Brevet
1584:Aviation taxation and subsidies
1543:Aircraft maintenance technician
1355:Pre-flight safety demonstration
1124:Intergovernmental organizations
250:Loadmasters decorated for valor
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289:Sgt Daniel Baxter (RAF) was a
1:
1463:Flight cancellation and delay
1057:European Common Aviation Area
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322:, a similar role at sea ports
7:
1418:Airline reservations system
1370:Special visual flight rules
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79:USAF Enlisted Aircrew Badge
45:military transport aircraft
10:
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1610:Combat support occupations
1473:Government contract flight
1335:Flight information service
1079:Hague Hijacking Convention
1072:EU–US Open Skies Agreement
664:Pilot in command (Captain)
377: (archived 2012-12-12)
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25:Royal Australian Air Force
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1330:Flight information region
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897:Low-cost carrier terminal
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445:Airline holding companies
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371:USAF Loadmaster Factsheet
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1548:Aircraft ground handling
1390:Upper information region
1305:Civil aviation authority
1094:Paris Convention of 1919
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138:Douglas Aircraft Company
1380:Terminal control center
1345:Instrument flight rules
1202:Baggage handling system
1008:Air transport agreement
799:In-flight entertainment
299:mentioned in dispatches
193:Lockheed C-130 Hercules
1505:Round-the-world ticket
1468:Frequent-flyer program
297:, Afghanistan. He was
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168:in certain maneuvers.
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1615:Transport occupations
1495:Passenger name record
1413:Airline booking ploys
1385:Uncontrolled airspace
1375:Terminal control area
977:Environmental effects
887:International airport
794:Crew rest compartment
747:Premium economy class
470:Non-scheduled airline
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205:operations aircraft.
181:aerial port squadrons
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1365:Special use airspace
1275:Airport crash tender
1265:Aircraft safety card
1030:Cross-strait charter
1024:Bermuda II Agreement
213:. When the gigantic
142:C-124 Globemaster II
1443:Codeshare agreement
1395:Visual flight rules
1320:Controlled airspace
1295:Area control center
1260:Air traffic service
1255:Air traffic control
1104:Sabotage Convention
1089:Montreal Convention
1067:Freedoms of the air
757:Basic economy class
424:Commercial aviation
326:Weight distribution
1433:Bereavement flight
1047:Chicago Convention
1037:Beijing Convention
1026:(UK–US, 1978–2008)
1020:(UK–US, 1946–1978)
475:Passenger airlines
255:Airman First Class
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1558:Flight dispatcher
1453:Electronic ticket
1428:Airline timetable
1270:Airport authority
1177:Baggage allowance
1114:Warsaw Convention
1018:Bermuda Agreement
852:Airport rail link
774:Aircraft seat map
769:Aircraft lavatory
480:Regional airlines
465:Low-cost airlines
198:forward airfields
161:center of gravity
49:civilian aircraft
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1325:Evacuation slide
1285:Airport security
1182:Baggage carousel
1109:Tokyo Convention
1042:Cape Town Treaty
877:Domestic airport
857:Airport terminal
842:Airport check-in
804:Inflight smoking
689:Flight attendant
518:Vanilla Alliance
455:Charter airlines
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1197:Baggage handler
1192:Baggage reclaim
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837:Airline hub
737:First class
684:Relief crew
277:Silver Star
223:Vietnam War
1604:Categories
1579:Air travel
892:Jet bridge
699:Loadmaster
365:References
244:Boeing 747
174:passengers
153:fixed-wing
90:Tactically
43:member on
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1574:Air cargo
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1515:Tracking
1250:Air rage
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724:Airliner
498:Oneworld
432:Airlines
309:See also
101:airdrops
1510:Standby
1172:Bag tag
1164:Baggage
1152:ENCASIA
954:Timatic
917:Customs
824:Airport
656:Aircrew
590:Europe
503:SkyTeam
291:Chinook
124:During
111:History
41:aircrew
31:in 2016
902:Runway
809:Galley
709:Purser
564:IFALPA
211:C-141s
202:C-123s
55:Duties
39:is an
639:AFRAA
569:ISTAT
559:IATAN
332:Notes
166:stall
85:cargo
1147:EASA
1137:ECAC
1132:ICAO
882:Gate
644:RAAA
634:AAPA
629:AACO
619:ETWF
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221:The
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1000:Law
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604:ECA
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