757:(which at the time subsidized air transport through airmail contracts) were "not enthusiastic." By January 1944, the CAB had received 435 applications by would-be feeder airlines. The Board saw itself obligated by the 1938 Act to expand air service to smaller markets. The Board was not confident feeder service could be provided on a cost-efficient basis by the trunks, therefore the CAB decided to certificate new carriers, with the idea they would become specialists in serving small routes efficiently. By giving them temporary certificates, the increased subsidies for providing local service was also theoretically temporary. The CAB may also not have wanted to risk the progress trunk carriers made in evolving towards subsidy-free operation.
995:
716:
1031:
794:, for instance, won routes in three. One later case allocated routes only to feeders previously certificated in earlier cases. A cleanup case re-awarded routes to Southern Airways that the CAB was not confident had been properly awarded previously. CAB decisions could be challenged in Federal courts and some feeder certifications were (such as the original case certificating Essair). The CAB did not distribute route authorities to feeders equally. The size of the Parks Air Lines network was over eight times the size of the Florida Airways network, for instance.
874:
1128:
20:
97:, which flew the main, or trunk, routes. However, not all of these started operation and some that did later had their certificates withdrawn. One other carrier was certificated in 1950 as a replacement. "Feeder airline" alludes to another purpose, that such airlines would feed passengers to trunk carriers. It was expected that a significant number of passenger itineraries would involve a connection between a local service carrier and a trunk carrier.
101:
operating data, continued to exist between the two types of domestic carriers through the end of the regulated era, reflecting a difference in how the CAB regulated the two types of carriers. In particular, in contrast to trunk carriers, local service airlines received government subsidies throughout the regulated era. But after US airline deregulation in 1979, the distinction between trunk and local service carriers vanished.
1060:, at the time the club for all the CAB air carriers). It was normal for passenger itineraries to involve a ticket on more than one airline. No airline offered comprehensive service because the CAB intentionally limited competition. This can be seen in statistics for the local service carrier connections. In 1964, over 40% of passengers on local service carriers were on a ticket connecting to another airline.
1013:
lbs or less. Such airlines were originally known as scheduled air taxis, later as commuter airlines or Part 298 carriers. This effectively created a new category of airline underneath the local service carriers. In 1972 the CAB expanded the aircraft size limit to include those of 30 passengers or fewer, with a payload of less than 7,500 lbs. Such carriers did have to obtain
1048:
never be able to "come into full competitive status". (see "Trunks, the protected class" below). Prior to permanent certificates, the uncertainty of their regulatory status made it impossible for local service carriers to borrow on a long-term basis. Consequently, the carriers were largely equity funded prior to permanent certificates.
801:) was unique because it already had CAB-certification. The CAB certificated All American for “pick-up” service in 1940 – All American picked up mail without landing through use of a device to hook mailbags in flight. This certification was de-novo, rather than grandfathered, but valid only for mail and freight.
1118:
bought in 1972. ANE was initially nationally reported as the first new local service carrier since Ozark in 1950. Initially the CAB regulated ANE as such, but in 1976 ANE was relabeled as something new in the CAB taxonomy, a "regional carrier". The clear intent of the CAB when it certificated ANE was
966:
Feeder certificates were initially temporary, subject to renewal every three years. This was not just for show; the CAB declined to renew the certificates of three feeders, Florida
Airways in 1949, Mid-West in 1952 and E.W. Wiggins Airways in 1953. The issue was economics; the CAB deemed unacceptable
1141:
Local service carriers aspired to be seen as “big” airlines. For instance, in the mid-1970s, Allegheny, the largest of the local service carriers, ran an advertising campaign “It takes a big airline”, comparing itself to the trunks, and it adopted a tag-line “did you know
Allegheny is that big?” Ads
1047:
In 1955, the US Congress forced the CAB to make the certificates of these carriers permanent (Public Law 38, enacted May 19, 1955 amending the Civil
Aeronautics Act of 1938). This was done against the wishes of the CAB; it had made "elaborate promises" to the trunks that local service carriers would
776:
Cases could take well over a year, sometimes longer, to decide (note the gap between when the CAB launched the cases in 1944 and the publishing of the first case in spring 1946) typically had over a dozen applicants and other participants, public hearings, an initial finding by an examiner, followed
1109:
In 1974, the CAB certificated a new domestic carrier, Air New
England (ANE), to placate New England politicians, business groups and citizens who felt they deserved to have a certificated carrier fly small routes in New England (as opposed to relying on unregulated commuter operators). These routes
1090:
Further, some local service carrier routes were assigned to trunks. As previously noted, in 1950, some of the routes originally awarded to Parks Air Lines, a local service carrier, were handed to Mid-Continent
Airlines, a trunk, after Parks failed to start operation in a timely manner. And in 1955,
893:
Parks Air Lines received routes in three CAB cases, leaving it with a feeder network deemed one of the richest. But it was unable to raise funds. The airline proposed a series of launch alternatives the CAB found unacceptable, leading to the CAB revoking the company’s certification in 1950. The CAB
1012:
In 1952, early in the development of feeder airlines, the CAB chose to deregulate airlines flying "small aircraft". This was formalized in Part 298 of the Board's economic regulations, which gave blanket authorization for airlines operating an aircraft with a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500
936:, which was slow starting service. PAC flew the route for just over two months in late 1949 and early 1950 until Turner was ready to go. That was the end of Purdue University's brief time operating a Federally-certificated scheduled airline, but two years later, Purdue played a role in the fate of
773:. These certificates were temporary and conditional. Successful local service applicants had to demonstrate access to the funding they claimed to have, and that a sufficient number of airports had necessary infrastructure (e.g. sufficiently long runways, radios, etc) to handle commercial service.
1337:
1987: USAir agrees to buy
Piedmont. On completion of this merger in 1989, USAir becomes the sole remaining former local service carrier. Piedmont and USAir were considered two of the most successful airlines in the decade following deregulation, but USAir subsequently lost $ 3bn in six years of
1165:
However, as Table 2 shows, the distinction between trunk airline and local service airline remained obvious all the way to 1978, the last year of the regulated era. Relative to local service carriers, even the smallest trunk airlines flew substantially greater seat-miles and distances and with
856:
before winning a feeder certificate for routes in
Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. But intrastate service exhausted its capital. The airline ceased operating while preparing for feeder service, was unable to raise funding, and the CAB threatened to revoke its certificate. At the last minute, the
100:
Local service carriers ultimately became substantial carriers in their own right, all such carriers flew jet aircraft by the end of the regulated era (1978). Over time, local service carriers began to compete more directly with trunk carriers. But a clear distinction, visible in financial and
769:. The CAB separately certificated "territorial" airlines for Hawaii and Alaska which, at the time, were territories not states. 14 feeder cases completed during the timeframe 1946–1949, awarding an additional 22 new entities (beyond Pioneer) feeder service certificates covering most of the
1082:
Over time, local service carriers did come to compete with trunk carriers to a degree. In permitting local service carriers to enter some trunk routes, the CAB was motivated in significant part by a desire reduce government subsidy paid to local service carriers, a process known as “route
781:
case (which launched in the summer of 1944) certificated two new feeder lines (soon to adopt the names
Monarch Air Lines and Challenger Airlines) splitting local routes across Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico, while awarding additional routes in the same region to
977:
Florida
Airways and Mid-West went out of business as a result of losing their certificates. The scheduled passenger operations of E.W. Wiggins were part of a larger business and the company is still a going concern as of 2024, operating as a feeder cargo carrier for
142:. 19 domestic passenger airlines were certificated in this way. The 16 of these that continued to operate after World War II were called the trunk carriers or trunk airlines. In many respects, the CAB regulated the industry in the interests of the trunk carriers.
752:
In the meantime, prompted by the Essair certification, the CAB initiated a case, published July 1944, to consider local air service nationally. Politicians, business groups, would-be airlines and others pushed for such airlines, although the CAB and the
93:(CAB), the now-defunct federal agency that tightly regulated the US airline industry 1938–1978. Initially 23 such airlines were certificated from 1943 to 1949 to serve smaller US domestic markets unserved/poorly served by existing domestic carriers, the
901:
Shortly before the CAB's revocation, Parks started service on a single route. After litigation failed to stop the CAB from moving forward, Parks sold itself to Ozark. Since Ozark had no airline operation at the time, Parks essentially became Ozark.
1017:
operational/safety certification but were otherwise able to fly wherever they pleased. The CAB would, on occasion, also exempt commuter operators to operate aircraft larger than the limits. For instance, in 1971, it exempted
Executive Airlines and
777:
by the decision of the full five-member Board. Each case usually certificated one or more new local service carriers and might also allocate longer routes in the same region to trunks. For instance, the March 1946 decision in the
1119:
to keep it focused on small New England routes. Oddly, when the CAB came to create a specific regional certificate for ANE, it found the existing form of ANE's certificate was that of a trunk, not a local service carrier.
138:, only airlines certificated by the CAA/CAB could engage in scheduled air transport. Airlines that could show they were flying scheduled service before the passage of the 1938 Act were entitled to certification by
741:) to fly feeder routes in Texas, the first airline to be certificated to fly domestic passengers since the grandfathering of the trunk carriers. Essair started feeder service on 1 August 1945 on a route from
3068:
Civil Aeronautics Board Practices and Procedures: Report of the Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure of the Committee of the Judiciary of the United States Senate, 94th Congress, 1st Session
1078:
The CAB took particular care to ensure local service carriers did not compete with the trunk carriers, seeing itself as having an obligation to the trunks to protect them from competition.
970:
In the case of Mid-West, another subsidiary of Purdue University bought the carrier in 1951, with a plan to substantially upgrade the airline (e.g. moving from single-engined aircraft to
809:
Some applicants failed to launch service at all. In the case of three applicants with unusual business plans, certification eventually expired or was revoked due to failure to operate:
537:
749:
via many intermediate points. The CAB regarded this as an experiment so Essair's certification was temporary. The airline would need to renew its certificate in three years.
894:
awarded most of Parks's routes to a new feeder carrier, Ozark Air Lines, making Ozark the last feeder to be certificated. The CAB awarded the remaining Parks routes to
817:
but never launched, with its certification lapsing. Later it unsuccessfully applied for New York City helicopter service certification in the case that was won by
620:
126:
The passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 put almost all US commercial air transport under the tight control of a newly formed Federal agency, the
1040:
3473:
3397:"Docket No. 5880, Allegheny Airlines, Inc. (formerly All American Airways, Inc.), Certificate Reissued—order No. E-7144, adopted February 6, 1953"
497:
3246:
3792:
1083:
strengthening.” The first time a local service carrier went head-to-head with a trunk was in 1957, when the CAB allowed Mohawk to compete with
839:
Yellow Cab Company of Cleveland won a certificate to provide helicopter service in Cleveland. This never launched and the certificate expired.
1075:
Once the trunk airlines were certificated, the CAB's view was their number comprised a sufficient number of airlines, no others were needed.
3625:
865:
in 1950 as one of the largest local service carriers, flying small routes from the Mexican to Canadian borders in the mountain states.
765:
Even before it published its local service findings, the CAB launched a series of cases to certificate new feeder carriers across the
3261:
2916:
3396:
3905:
2712:
3442:
3171:
2884:
2806:
2680:
2528:
2496:
2464:
2432:
2397:
2358:
2323:
2249:
2212:
2171:
2085:
2045:
2006:
1971:
1284:
formed as Texas International holding company. Texas Air came to control about 20% of the US airline industry during the 1980s
3778:
3746:
857:
carrier, still grounded, agreed to a takeover by Monarch Air Lines. This turned into a three-way merger with the addition of
2587:
2284:
2120:
2940:
1072:
Until shortly before deregulation, the CAB did not authorize a single airline to compete with trunklines on an equal basis.
754:
2852:
1056:
CAB-regulated airlines interlined with every other carrier (which was done with CAB approval through a subsidiary of the
3515:
1179:
Air Commuter, Island Air Ferries and Yellow Cab of Cleveland certificates never used and either expire or are revoked.
3653:
3584:
3233:
2792:
2661:
2571:
1863:
862:
566:
355:
248:
225:
2838:
2152:
1305:
1298:
1104:
1019:
1014:
998:
949:
256:
191:
28:
3443:"Docket No. 20875, Texas International Airlines, Use of Initials "TIA"—order 69-10-162 adopted October 31, 1969"
911:
656:
3717:
1645:
1499:
1022:(at that time a commuter carrier) to fly propeller aircraft up to 44 seats to expand service in New England.
2749:
1781:
1239:
363:
994:
898:, a trunk carrier, a controversial decision since feeder and trunk airlines were supposed to be separate.
3683:
3262:"Civil Aeronautics Board [Docket 29648; Order 77-5-12] Air New England, Inc. Order to Show Cause"
1005:
127:
2986:
1904:
1364:
Table 2: 1978 CAB-regulated trunk and local service carriers, including revenues and select statistics
1317:
974:). The CAB allowed Purdue to buy the airline, but then refused to renew its certificate the next year.
836:, as a substitute for ferry service. The CAB declined to extend certification past its original term.
1182:
The CAB withdraws certifications of Florida Airways (1949), Mid-West (1952) and E.W. Wiggins (1953).
715:
770:
766:
1030:
1095:
bought Pioneer. So the division between local service carriers and trunks was far from absolute.
881:
797:
Among successful applicants, All-American Aviation (later Allegheny Airlines, the predecessor to
131:
121:
90:
24:
3910:
1693:
1201:
895:
386:
66:, which received feeder routes in 1950. Braniff also had trunk routes: see similar 1953 map in
63:
3227:
2832:
2786:
2655:
2146:
1843:
1433:
1348:
1281:
1215:
1092:
933:
589:
510:
23:
1953 US local service airline network. Map key in lower left-hand corner. 1953 was after the
3857:
1543:
1331:
1291:
1147:
1057:
961:
873:
696:
378:
321:
183:
32:
8:
3642:
Hard Landing: The Epic Contest For Power and Profits That Plunged the Airlines into Chaos
2919:(Report). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 9 December 1968. p. 160.
1945:
1930:
1899:
1261:
858:
843:
Arizona Airways failed to launch as a feeder carrier but avoided certificate revocation.
275:
233:
135:
3019:
2561:
1838:
1623:
1521:
1324:
1314:
1208:
1131:
1111:
925:
853:
574:
139:
1068:
The CAB saw the trunks as a special category of airline to be particularly protected:
3726:
3649:
3329:
3285:
3215:
3025:
2774:
2643:
2567:
1940:
1935:
1894:
1830:
1737:
1587:
1477:
1389:
1355:
1275:
1221:
1084:
955:
937:
917:
825:
783:
738:
728:
485:
447:
428:
401:
340:
298:
210:
168:
36:
3076:
1127:
3884:
3879:
3843:
3838:
3814:
3459:
3454:
3408:
3280:
3275:
3266:
3188:
3183:
3156:
3151:
3071:
3015:
2957:
2952:
2920:
2901:
2896:
2869:
2864:
2823:
2818:
2729:
2724:
2697:
2692:
2604:
2599:
2545:
2540:
2513:
2508:
2481:
2476:
2449:
2444:
2414:
2409:
2375:
2370:
2340:
2335:
2301:
2296:
2266:
2261:
2229:
2224:
2188:
2183:
2137:
2132:
2102:
2097:
2062:
2057:
2023:
2018:
1988:
1983:
1925:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1759:
1565:
1034:
818:
787:
633:
470:
3203:
3067:
2762:
2631:
3875:
3834:
3819:
3317:
3139:
2925:
1920:
1915:
is the corporate successor to the following original local service certificates:
1912:
1874:
is the corporate successor to the following original local service certificates:
1871:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1833:
is the corporate successor to the following original local service certificates:
1715:
1455:
1411:
1195:
1115:
929:
888:
877:
847:
791:
746:
681:
597:
552:
409:
130:(CAA). In 1940, those regulatory functions passed to another Federal agency, the
59:
3810:
1671:
1248:
648:
313:
290:
3876:
Supplement to the Handbook of Airline Statistics: Calendar Years 1977 and 1978
3668:
3543:
3070:(Report). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1975. p. 217.
1809:(2) Available Seat Miles: an ASM is one seat available for sale flown one mile
3899:
3764:
3730:
3700:
3600:
3570:
3556:
3529:
3501:
3487:
3427:
3413:
3381:
3367:
3333:
3302:
3289:
3219:
2807:"All American Aviation, Inc.—Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity"
2778:
2647:
983:
814:
518:
115:
94:
67:
56:
19:
2971:
1258:
These events left eight local service carriers in 1978 as shown in Table 2.
3645:
1001:
979:
971:
720:
52:
967:
the amount of government subsidy required to keep the airlines operating.
824:
Island Air Ferries won a certificate to provide low-frills service across
833:
829:
44:
3874:"Part III. Traffic Statistics of the Certificated Route Air Carriers".
1668:
1342:
1245:
1185:
1950: Monarch, Challenger and Arizona Airways merge to create Frontier.
1091:
the CAB permitted a trunk airline to buy a local service carrier, when
798:
3601:"Piedmont Buying Empire Airlines - The Buffalo News at Newspapers.com"
1262:
Former local service carrier events after 1979 US airline deregulation
1290:
1982: Texas Air merges Texas International into former trunk carrier
3684:"Northwest Orient will buy Republic to become third largest airline"
1169:
3024:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 294.
1230:
1134:
70:
article. Feeder certificates became permanent in 1955. See article.
48:
3878:(Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. November 1979. pp. 12–27.
1351:
buys bankrupt US Airways, assuming the name of the larger carrier.
1229:
1968: Three-way merger of Bonanza, Pacific and West Coast creates
920:
subsidiary, was awarded stopgap certification for a single route,
790:, two trunk carriers. Some airlines won routes in multiple cases.
89:, were a category of US domestic airline created/regulated by the
3837:(Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. December 1979. pp. 1–58.
2723:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 979–998. December 1949 – August 1950.
2507:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 779–851. December 1949 – August 1950.
921:
742:
734:
40:
3029:
3813:(Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. May 1978. pp. 154–155.
2895:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 546–554. July 1952 – February 1953.
1982:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 478–493. December 1942 – June 1944.
1153:
1098:
1310:
1986: Frontier shuts down. It merged into Continental in 1987.
146:
Table 1: Feeder/local service carriers certificated 1943–1950
62:
appears in map because in 1952 it bought fellow trunk carrier
3794:
American and US Airways Announce Deal for $ 11 Billion Merger
2817:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 133–158. July 1940 – August 1941.
2465:"Purdue Aeronautics Corporation, Lafayette-Chicago Operation"
1269:
1137:
in 1975, part of one of the "largest jet fleets in the world"
462:
2260:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 863–941. June 1946 – March 1947.
2223:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 639–713. June 1946 – March 1947.
2182:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 481–597. June 1946 – March 1947.
1176:
1943–1949: CAB certificates 23 feeder/local service airlines
2713:"Reopened Mississippi Valley and Southeastern States Cases"
2475:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 552–563. January–November 1949.
2443:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 405–454. January–November 1949.
2408:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 131–220. January–December 1948.
2096:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 961–1039. July 1944 – May 1946.
1037:
2539:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 687–694. July 1944 – May 1946.
2369:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 85–130. January–December 1948.
2131:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 27–82. June 1946 – March 1947.
2056:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 695–763. July 1944 – May 1946.
2017:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 765–797. July 1944 – May 1946.
813:
Air Commuting won a certificate for seaplane service from
705:(1) Arizona Airways failed to operate certificated service
3768:, Taylorville (IL) Daily Breeze Courier, 28 February 1997
2691:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 726–804. April–December 1947.
2334:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 360–456. April–December 1947.
3811:
Annual Report: Fiscal Year 1977 and Transitional Quarter
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
2588:"Investigation of Local, Feeder and Pick-Up Air Service"
3108:
2863:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 259–278. January–June 1952.
2598:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 1–57. July 1944 – May 1946.
1972:"Continental Air Lines, Inc. et al., Texas Air Service"
3627:
Frontier Airlines, Pressed For Cash, Halts All Service
3340:
3306:, Binghamton (NY) Press and Sun-Bulletin, 18 May 1976
3096:
3084:
2612:
2295:. Civil Aeronautics Board: 1–9. April–December 1947.
1814:(3) Average seats per flight weighted by miles flown
760:
710:
3120:
3048:
1301:
buys Frontier, operates it as a separate subsidiary
16:
Airline type created/regulated by US govt 1943–1978
3766:Congress passes bill which restores 10% ticket tax
3745:
3716:
3599:
3475:Hughes's Properties Are Reported Worth $ 2-Billion
3036:
1188:1950: Parks Air Lines merges into Ozark Air Lines.
2285:"Air Commuting, Inc., New York City Area Service"
1170:Local service carrier events during regulated era
928:. The route authority was held by feeder airline
916:In 1949, Purdue Aeronautics Corporation (PAC), a
868:
3897:
3369:Mohawk: Robinson Airlines' Name To Change Friday
2917:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports to Congress 1968
3670:USAir Plans to Buy PSA, Become 6th Largest Line
3574:, Green Bay (WI) Press-Gazette, 31 October 1982
3558:Republic Airlines Takes Over Hughes Line Today
1244:1970: Air West becomes Hughes Air Corporation
1161:Had one of the largest jet fleets in the world
1063:
989:
3747:"USAir Chief, In a Surprise, Plans to Retire"
3545:Changes win Texas Air approval to buy Eastern
3858:Air Transport Association 1979 Annual Report
3385:, Wausau (WI) Daily Herald, 16 December 1952
2853:"New York City Area Helicopter Service Case"
1274:1979: North Central buys Southern, creating
1194:1952: Robinson Airlines changes its name to
1099:Air New England: not a local service carrier
861:, resulting in the creation of the original
3869:
3867:
3865:
3489:Allegheny and Mohawk - - - now they are one
2046:"Service in the Rocky Mountain States Area"
1287:1980: Republic Airlines buys Hughes Airwest
1207:1953: All American Airways changes name to
852:The airline flew (1946–1948) as an Arizona
3833:
2973:CAB Authorizes Prop Aircraft for N.E. Line
2745:Braniff Airways v. Civil Aeronautics Board
1358:, assuming the name of the larger carrier.
1238:1969: Trans-Texas Airways changes name to
1158:Flew to more cities than American Airlines
3883:
3842:
3818:
3780:US Airways and America West Plan to Merge
3639:
3608:. The Buffalo News. 1985-10-03. p. 8
3458:
3412:
3279:
3187:
3155:
3075:
2987:"Public Law 38, Chapter 41, May 19, 1955"
2956:
2924:
2900:
2868:
2822:
2728:
2696:
2603:
2544:
2512:
2480:
2448:
2413:
2374:
2339:
2300:
2265:
2228:
2187:
2136:
2101:
2061:
2022:
2001:
1999:
1987:
1304:1985: Piedmont agrees to buy new entrant
1025:
779:Service in the Rocky Mountain States Area
3862:
3714:
3505:, Philadelphia Inquirer, 28 October 1979
3407:: 1005–1006. July 1952 – February 1953.
3150:: 779–851. December 1949 – August 1950.
1354:2013: US Airways agrees to buy bankrupt
1235:1968: Lake Central merges into Allegheny
1220:1958: Southwest Airways changes name to
1214:1955: Pioneer merges into trunk airline
1200:1952: Wisconsin Central changes name to
1126:
1029:
993:
872:
714:
18:
3431:, San Francisco Examiner, 19 March 1958
2427:
2425:
2353:
2351:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
1966:
1964:
1962:
733:In November 1943, the CAB certificated
3898:
3805:
3803:
3743:
3704:, San Francisco Examiner, 2 March 1986
3560:, Atlanta Constitution, 1 October 1980
3531:Week in review: Corporate Name Changes
3355:
3172:"Continental-Pioneer Acquisition Case"
3102:
3090:
3066:
2915:
2632:"Examiners Assigned Four Feeder Cases"
2433:"Additional California-Nevada Service"
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2115:
2113:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
1996:
3672:, Los Angeles Times, December 8, 1986
3371:, Ithaca (NY) Journal, 14 August 1952
3014:
2941:"Part 298 Weight Limit Investigation"
2705:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2566:. Brookings Institution. p. 75.
2279:
2277:
2244:
2242:
2240:
1122:
1087:on the Syracuse-New York City route.
3873:
3690:. UPI. January 24, 1986. p. 4A.
3533:, Tallahassee Democrat, 15 June 1980
3517:Corporate Sales and Earnings Reports
3208:Aviation Week & Space Technology
3126:
3114:
3054:
3042:
2975:, Fitchburg Sentinel, April 23, 1971
2618:
2563:The Local Service Airline Experiment
2559:
2422:
2348:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2031:
1959:
1268:1979: Allegheny changes its name to
1191:1952: Empire merges into West Coast.
804:
628:Never operated: certificate expired
547:Never operated: certificate expired
505:Never operated: certificate expired
3800:
3383:Wisconsin Central Now North Central
2529:"Essair, Inc., Temporary Mail Rate"
2489:
2457:
2383:
2309:
2159:
2110:
2071:
943:
13:
3796:, New York Times, 13 February 2013
3503:Allegheny is dead; long live USAir
3318:"Allegheny Airlines advertisement"
2668:
2274:
2237:
1253:1972: Mohawk merges into Allegheny
1226:1967: Central merges into Frontier
14:
3922:
3586:People Express Acquiring Frontier
3477:, New York Times, 8 December 1970
3453:: 971–972. August–November 1969.
2951:: 142–194. August–December 1972.
2885:"Island Air Ferries Renewal Case"
2196:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1313:1986: USAir agrees to buy former
1152:Flew more annual passengers than
905:
761:Certificating new feeder airlines
711:Essair and the Local Service case
703:
3835:Air Carrier Financial Statistics
3629:, New York Times, 25 August 1986
3588:, New York Times, 9 October 1985
3519:, New York Times, 30 August 1979
3248:Air New England Service Upgraded
3021:Air Transport and its Regulators
1341:1997: USAir changes its name to
39:, resulting no routes on map in
3851:
3827:
3786:
3772:
3758:
3737:
3708:
3694:
3676:
3662:
3633:
3619:
3592:
3578:
3564:
3550:
3537:
3523:
3509:
3495:
3481:
3467:
3447:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3435:
3421:
3401:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3389:
3375:
3361:
3310:
3296:
3274:(88): 23184–23185. 6 May 1977.
3254:
3250:, New York Times, July 18, 1974
3240:
3196:
3176:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3164:
3144:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3132:
3060:
3008:
2979:
2965:
2945:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2933:
2909:
2889:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2877:
2857:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2845:
2811:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2799:
2755:
2737:
2717:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2685:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2624:
2592:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2580:
2553:
2533:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2521:
2501:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2469:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2437:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2402:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2363:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2328:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2289:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2254:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2217:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2176:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2125:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2090:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2050:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2011:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
1976:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
1166:substantially larger aircraft.
1015:Federal Aviation Administration
3182:: 323–401. February–May 1955.
1146:Flew more annual flights than
912:Purdue Aeronautics Corporation
869:Parks, Ozark and Mid-Continent
160:Date of initial certification
157:Name at initial certification
1:
3906:Airlines of the United States
3782:, New York Times, 20 May 2005
3715:Salpukas, Agis (1987-03-10).
3572:Airlines' merger takes effect
3491:, Boston Globe, 13 April 1972
3232:: CS1 maint: date and year (
3204:"Air New England Named Local"
2791:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2660:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1952:
1114:, a small trunk carrier that
134:(CAB). With the exception of
3718:"PIEDMONT ACCEPTS USAIR BID"
1782:Texas International Airlines
1240:Texas International Airlines
737:-based Essair (later called
364:Texas International Airlines
270:Merged into West Coast 1952
7:
3744:Bryant, Adam (1995-09-07).
2837:: CS1 maint: date format (
2398:"Middle Atlantic Area Case"
2151:: CS1 maint: date format (
1819:(4) Average flight distance
1105:Air New England (1970–1981)
1064:Trunks, the protected class
990:Advent of commuter airlines
950:Florida Airways (1947–1949)
880:routes certificated by the
611:Merged into Allegheny 1972
528:Merged into Allegheny 1968
442:Certificate withdrawn 1952
394:Wisconsin Central Airlines
391:Wisconsin Central Airlines
335:Certificate withdrawn 1953
205:Certificate withdrawn 1949
128:Civil Aeronautics Authority
10:
3927:
3640:Petzinger, Thomas (1996).
3429:Debut of Pacific Air Lines
3140:"Parks Investigation Case"
2752: (D.C. Cir. 1945).
2497:"Parks Investigation Case"
2250:"Southeastern States Case"
1318:Pacific Southwest Airlines
1102:
959:
953:
947:
909:
886:
845:
726:
119:
113:
109:
104:
2681:"Mississippi Valley Case"
2359:"Arizona-New Mexico Case"
1824:
1780:
1758:
1736:
1714:
1692:
1666:
1644:
1622:
1586:
1564:
1542:
1520:
1498:
1476:
1454:
1432:
1410:
1388:
1338:losses from 1989 to 1994.
1110:were previously flown by
1058:Air Transport Association
522:Aeronautical Corporation
27:withdrew certificates of
3077:2027/pur1.32754076881451
2996:. United States Congress
2773:(14): 36. 5 April 1948.
2560:Eads, George C. (1972).
771:contiguous United States
767:contiguous United States
154:Name at first operation
3885:2027/osu.32435025695669
3844:2027/osu.32435022510978
3702:Ozark Air and TWA merge
3460:2027/osu.32437011657869
3328:(6): 16. January 1977.
3281:2027/uc1.31158002894953
3214:(3): 19. 22 July 1974.
3189:2027/osu.32437011658321
3157:2027/osu.32437011657539
2958:2027/mdp.39015007658480
2902:2027/osu.32435022360580
2870:2027/osu.32435022360598
2824:2027/osu.32435022360663
2730:2027/osu.32437011657539
2698:2027/osu.32437011657687
2605:2027/osu.32437011657786
2546:2027/osu.32437011657786
2514:2027/osu.32437011657539
2482:2027/osu.32437011657588
2450:2027/osu.32437011657588
2415:2027/osu.32437011657638
2376:2027/osu.32437011657638
2341:2027/osu.32437011657687
2324:"Great Lakes Area Case"
2302:2027/osu.32437011657687
2267:2027/osu.32437011657737
2230:2027/osu.32437011657737
2189:2027/osu.32437011657737
2138:2027/osu.32437011657737
2103:2027/osu.32437011657786
2063:2027/osu.32437011657786
2024:2027/osu.32437011657786
1989:2027/osu.32437011657885
1051:
882:Civil Aeronautics Board
423:Merged into Ozark 1950
132:Civil Aeronautics Board
122:Civil Aeronautics Board
91:Civil Aeronautics Board
2642:(1): 41. 5 June 1944.
1694:North Central Airlines
1327:agrees to buy Republic
1202:North Central Airlines
1138:
1044:
1026:Permanent certificates
1009:
896:Mid-Continent Airlines
884:
724:
582:All-American Aviation
436:Iowa Airplane Company
387:North Central Airlines
81:, originally known as
79:local service airlines
75:Local service carriers
71:
3820:2027/pst.000067708109
2926:2027/pst.000067708055
2172:"Texas-Oklahoma Case"
1434:Continental Air Lines
1349:America West Airlines
1216:Continental Air Lines
1130:
1093:Continental Air Lines
1033:
997:
940:, as detailed below.
934:Lake Central Airlines
876:
718:
676:Stopgap service only
579:All American Airways
511:Lake Central Airlines
371:Aviation Enterprises
329:E.W. Wiggins Airways
326:E.W. Wiggins Airways
22:
3648:. pp. 321–322.
2750:147 F.2d 152
2213:"North Central Case"
1544:Trans World Airlines
1334:agrees to buy Ozark.
1332:Trans World Airlines
1292:Continental Airlines
962:E.W. Wiggins Airways
932:, shortly to become
417:Parks Air Transport
368:Trans-Texas Airways
322:E.W. Wiggins Airways
283:West Coast Airlines
280:West Coast Airlines
238:Challenger Airlines
3304:Big Airlines Better
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1365:
859:Challenger Airlines
707:
668:Purdue Aeronautics
663:Purdue Aeronautics
657:Purdue Aeronautics
538:Yellow Cab Company
276:West Coast Airlines
234:Challenger Airlines
147:
136:intrastate airlines
3723:The New York Times
3117:, p. 105–176.
2121:"New England Case"
2007:"The Florida Case"
1624:Allegheny Airlines
1522:Northwest Airlines
1384:Stage length (mi)
1363:
1325:Northwest Airlines
1315:intrastate airline
1297:1985: New entrant
1209:Allegheny Airlines
1139:
1132:Allegheny Airlines
1123:Aspiring to be big
1112:Northeast Airlines
1045:
1010:
926:Lafayette, Indiana
885:
854:intrastate airline
725:
719:Pioneer Air Lines
621:Island Air Ferries
605:Robinson Aviation
602:Robinson Airlines
575:Allegheny Airlines
455:Piedmont Aviation
452:Piedmont Airlines
433:Mid-West Airlines
348:Central Air Lines
345:Central Air Lines
306:Southwest Airways
303:Southwest Airways
215:Monarch Air Lines
145:
72:
3414:2027/uc1.b2938507
3016:Caves, Richard E.
2086:"West Coast Case"
1905:Wisconsin Central
1895:Southwest Airways
1831:American Airlines
1822:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1738:Piedmont Airlines
1646:Frontier Airlines
1588:Western Air Lines
1500:National Airlines
1478:Eastern Air Lines
1390:American Airlines
1356:American Airlines
1276:Republic Airlines
1222:Pacific Air Lines
1142:noted Allegheny:
1085:American Airlines
986:since the 1980s.
956:Mid-West Airlines
938:Mid-West Airlines
918:Purdue University
863:Frontier Airlines
826:Long Island Sound
805:Failure to launch
784:Western Air Lines
739:Pioneer Air Lines
729:Pioneer Air Lines
708:
706:
702:
641:Bonanza Airlines
638:Bonanza Airlines
625:19 February 1948
608:19 February 1948
585:19 February 1948
562:13 February 1948
544:3 September 1947
525:3 September 1947
478:Southern Airways
475:Southern Airways
448:Piedmont Airlines
439:19 December 1946
429:Mid-West Airlines
420:19 December 1946
397:19 December 1946
374:14 November 1946
351:14 November 1946
341:Central Air Lines
299:Pacific Air Lines
218:Ray Wilson, Inc.
211:Monarch Air Lines
199:Orlando Airlines
169:Pioneer Air Lines
3918:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3871:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3807:
3798:
3790:
3784:
3776:
3770:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3720:
3712:
3706:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3680:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3637:
3631:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3603:
3596:
3590:
3582:
3576:
3568:
3562:
3554:
3548:
3541:
3535:
3527:
3521:
3513:
3507:
3499:
3493:
3485:
3479:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3439:
3433:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3393:
3387:
3379:
3373:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3338:
3337:
3322:Black Enterprise
3314:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3267:Federal Register
3258:
3252:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3223:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2994:www.congress.gov
2991:
2983:
2977:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2782:
2763:"Feeder Mileage"
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2677:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2651:
2628:
2622:
2621:, p. 75–78.
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2246:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2209:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2168:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2142:
2140:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2082:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1968:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1760:Southern Airways
1667:Hughes Air Corp
1566:United Air Lines
1381:Avg Seats/ Mile
1378:Sched ASMs (bn)
1366:
1362:
944:Failure to renew
819:New York Airways
788:Inland Air Lines
704:
689:Ozark Air Lines
686:Ozark Air Lines
634:Bonanza Airlines
559:Arizona Airways
515:Turner Airlines
471:Southern Airways
414:Parks Air Lines
264:Empire Airlines
261:Empire Airlines
196:Florida Airways
179:5 November 1943
148:
144:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3872:
3863:
3856:
3852:
3832:
3828:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3759:
3742:
3738:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3695:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3620:
3611:
3609:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3551:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3468:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3422:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3362:
3354:
3341:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3297:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3241:
3225:
3224:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2966:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2914:
2910:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2830:
2829:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2784:
2783:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2679:
2678:
2669:
2653:
2652:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2558:
2554:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2396:
2395:
2384:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2248:
2247:
2238:
2211:
2210:
2197:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2144:
2143:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1970:
1969:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1921:Arizona Airways
1913:United Airlines
1909:
1872:Delta Air Lines
1868:
1827:
1716:Ozark Air Lines
1456:Delta Air Lines
1412:Braniff Airways
1361:
1306:Empire Airlines
1264:
1256:
1196:Mohawk Airlines
1172:
1125:
1116:Delta Air Lines
1107:
1101:
1066:
1054:
1028:
1020:Air New England
999:Air New England
992:
964:
958:
952:
946:
930:Turner Airlines
914:
908:
891:
889:Parks Air Lines
878:Parks Air Lines
871:
850:
848:Arizona Airways
807:
792:Parks Air Lines
763:
747:Amarillo, Texas
731:
713:
682:Ozark Air Lines
669:
664:
658:
598:Mohawk Airlines
553:Arizona Airways
539:
521:
410:Parks Air Lines
257:Empire Airlines
241:Summit Airways
192:Florida Airways
124:
118:
112:
107:
87:feeder airlines
83:feeder carriers
29:Florida Airways
17:
12:
11:
5:
3924:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3892:
3891:
3861:
3850:
3826:
3799:
3785:
3771:
3757:
3752:New York Times
3736:
3707:
3693:
3675:
3661:
3654:
3632:
3618:
3606:Newspapers.com
3591:
3577:
3563:
3549:
3536:
3522:
3508:
3494:
3480:
3466:
3434:
3420:
3388:
3374:
3360:
3358:, p. 159.
3339:
3309:
3295:
3253:
3239:
3195:
3163:
3131:
3129:, p. 156.
3119:
3107:
3105:, p. 220.
3095:
3093:, p. 218.
3083:
3059:
3057:, p. 162.
3047:
3035:
3007:
2978:
2964:
2932:
2908:
2876:
2844:
2798:
2754:
2736:
2704:
2667:
2623:
2611:
2579:
2572:
2552:
2520:
2488:
2456:
2421:
2382:
2347:
2308:
2273:
2236:
2195:
2158:
2109:
2070:
2030:
1995:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1826:
1823:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1672:Hughes Airwest
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1452:
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1445:
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1408:
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1398:
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1382:
1379:
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1370:
1360:
1359:
1352:
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1339:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1299:People Express
1295:
1288:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:Hughes Airwest
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1124:
1121:
1103:Main article:
1100:
1097:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1050:
1027:
1024:
991:
988:
960:Main article:
954:Main article:
948:Main article:
945:
942:
910:Main article:
907:
906:Purdue stopgap
904:
887:Main article:
870:
867:
846:Main article:
841:
840:
837:
822:
806:
803:
762:
759:
727:Main article:
712:
709:
701:
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693:
690:
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678:
677:
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459:
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437:
434:
431:
425:
424:
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418:
415:
412:
406:
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398:
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392:
389:
383:
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375:
372:
369:
366:
360:
359:
352:
349:
346:
343:
337:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
318:
317:
310:
307:
304:
301:
295:
294:
287:
284:
281:
278:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
253:
252:
245:
244:28 March 1946
242:
239:
236:
230:
229:
222:
221:28 March 1946
219:
216:
213:
207:
206:
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202:28 March 1946
200:
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188:
187:
180:
177:
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165:
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152:
140:grandfathering
120:Main article:
114:Main article:
111:
108:
106:
103:
95:trunk carriers
55:respectively.
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3923:
3912:
3911:Airline types
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3859:
3854:
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3836:
3830:
3821:
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3812:
3806:
3804:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3783:
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3775:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3657:
3655:9780307774491
3651:
3647:
3643:
3636:
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3622:
3607:
3602:
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3589:
3587:
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3327:
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3319:
3313:
3307:
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3299:
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3273:
3269:
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3257:
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3135:
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3111:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3045:, p. 42.
3044:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3011:
2995:
2988:
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2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:Aviation Week
2764:
2758:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2636:Aviation Week
2633:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2575:
2573:9780815720225
2569:
2565:
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2547:
2542:
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2524:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
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2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
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1603:
1600:
1597:
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1487:
1484:
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1471:
1468:
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1462:
1459:
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1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1372:Airline type
1371:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
987:
985:
984:Fedex Express
981:
975:
973:
972:Douglas DC-3s
968:
963:
957:
951:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
913:
903:
899:
897:
890:
883:
879:
875:
866:
864:
860:
855:
849:
844:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
816:
815:New York City
812:
811:
810:
802:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
780:
774:
772:
768:
758:
756:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
730:
722:
717:
698:
694:
692:28 July 1950
691:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:28 July 1949
672:
667:
662:
660:
655:
654:
650:
646:
644:15 June 1949
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
615:
614:
610:
607:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
587:
584:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
568:
564:
561:
558:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
541:
536:
534:
532:
531:
527:
524:
520:
519:Roscoe Turner
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
499:
498:Air Commuting
496:
494:
492:
491:
487:
483:
481:4 April 1947
480:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
464:
460:
458:4 April 1947
457:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:
399:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
376:
373:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
353:
350:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
334:
332:13 June 1946
331:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
315:
311:
308:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
292:
288:
285:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
269:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
227:
223:
220:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
204:
201:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
185:
181:
178:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
123:
117:
116:Trunk carrier
102:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
69:
68:trunk carrier
65:
64:Mid-Continent
61:
58:
57:Trunk carrier
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
3853:
3829:
3793:
3788:
3779:
3774:
3765:
3760:
3751:
3739:
3722:
3710:
3701:
3696:
3688:Deseret News
3687:
3678:
3669:
3664:
3646:Random House
3641:
3635:
3626:
3621:
3610:. Retrieved
3605:
3594:
3585:
3580:
3571:
3566:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3530:
3525:
3516:
3511:
3502:
3497:
3488:
3483:
3474:
3469:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3423:
3404:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3377:
3368:
3363:
3325:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3298:
3271:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3242:
3228:cite journal
3211:
3207:
3198:
3179:
3175:
3166:
3147:
3143:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3020:
3010:
2998:. Retrieved
2993:
2981:
2972:
2967:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2911:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2833:cite journal
2814:
2810:
2801:
2787:cite journal
2770:
2766:
2757:
2744:
2739:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2688:
2684:
2656:cite journal
2639:
2635:
2626:
2614:
2595:
2591:
2582:
2562:
2555:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2472:
2468:
2459:
2440:
2436:
2405:
2401:
2366:
2362:
2331:
2327:
2292:
2288:
2257:
2253:
2220:
2216:
2179:
2175:
2147:cite journal
2128:
2124:
2093:
2089:
2053:
2049:
2014:
2010:
1979:
1975:
1911:As of 2024,
1910:
1870:As of 2024,
1869:
1844:Lake Central
1829:As of 2024,
1828:
1257:
1164:
1140:
1108:
1089:
1081:
1067:
1055:
1046:
1011:
980:UPS Airlines
976:
969:
965:
915:
900:
892:
851:
842:
808:
796:
778:
775:
764:
751:
732:
721:Douglas DC-3
695:Merged into
670:Corporation
665:Corporation
647:Merged into
590:America West
565:Merged into
540:of Cleveland
484:Merged into
461:Merged into
400:Merged into
377:Merged into
354:Merged into
312:Merged into
309:22 May 1946
289:Merged into
286:22 May 1946
267:22 May 1946
247:Merged into
224:Merged into
182:Merged into
163:Disposition
125:
99:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:
33:E.W. Wiggins
3356:Annual 1968
3103:Report 1975
3091:Report 1975
1946:Trans-Texas
834:Connecticut
830:Long Island
755:post office
659:Corporation
502:7 May 1947
379:Continental
184:Continental
151:Final name
45:New England
3900:Categories
3612:2024-05-02
1953:References
1931:Challenger
1900:West Coast
1804:(1) USD mm
1786:local svc
1764:local svc
1742:local svc
1720:local svc
1698:local svc
1676:local svc
1650:local svc
1628:local svc
1343:US Airways
1041:Birmingham
799:US Airways
43:, most of
3731:0362-4331
3334:0006-4165
3290:0097-6326
3220:0005-2175
3127:Eads 1972
3115:Eads 1972
3055:Eads 1972
3043:Eads 1972
2779:0005-2175
2648:0005-2175
2619:Eads 1972
1839:Allegheny
1282:Texas Air
53:S. Dakota
3030:62017216
3018:(1962).
1890:Southern
1864:Piedmont
1573:3,523.4
1551:2,474.7
1485:2,379.6
1463:2,241.6
1397:2,736.4
1369:Airline
1231:Air West
1135:BAC 1-11
1035:Southern
649:Air West
588:Sold to
567:Frontier
486:Republic
402:Republic
356:Frontier
314:Air West
291:Air West
249:Frontier
226:Frontier
49:Nebraska
37:Mid-West
3000:16 July
1941:Pioneer
1936:Monarch
1926:Central
1880:Bonanza
1375:Op rev
1008:in 1974
922:Chicago
743:Houston
735:Houston
723:in 1948
176:Essair
173:Essair
110:Context
105:History
60:Braniff
41:Florida
3729:
3652:
3332:
3288:
3218:
3028:
2777:
2748:,
2646:
2570:
1885:Empire
1849:Mohawk
1825:Legacy
1798:304.5
1789:181.7
1776:206.5
1767:188.5
1754:180.7
1745:205.6
1732:195.9
1723:229.7
1710:147.6
1701:298.5
1688:282.0
1679:313.2
1662:230.2
1653:287.2
1640:242.5
1631:566.8
1604:645.6
1601:147.9
1598:15.76
1595:834.5
1592:trunk
1582:694.8
1579:161.2
1576:61.94
1570:trunk
1560:897.1
1557:165.0
1554:42.65
1548:trunk
1538:667.2
1535:226.2
1532:14.30
1529:794.4
1526:trunk
1516:694.5
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