Lovestoneites - Knowledge

357:...When we call upon the workers to support the Communist Party ticket in the elections we do not do so on the basis of agreement with the Party tactics or the Party's present election platform; we do so because of our agreement with the fundamentals and aims of the Communist Party and the Communist International. We call upon the workers to support the Communist Party ticket as an expression of their agreement with the fundamental aims of Communism but to remember that the dangerous tactics of the official leaders of the Communist Party, which are doing such harm to the cause of Communism, are not the traditional tactics of the world Communist movement. 1618:. Lovestoneite Eli Keller was manager of the AFSW local in Paterson, New Jersey until 1935 when he resigned because of "irresponsible" behavior on the part of the executive committee. The Communists allied with conservative elements to prevent Keller from running to retake control of the union in the next election. Despite a "conservative" victory in the union election of 1935, the Communists ex-TUUL members effectively gained control of the union and led a disastrous strike in late 1935. Shortly thereafter the UTW leadership revoked the Paterson locals charter and reorganized the local. The Lovestoneites decided not to enter the new group. 720:) as assistant director. Instructors included Jay Lovestone, Ben Gitlow, Charles "Sasha" Zimmerman, Will Herberg, Bert Miller, Herbert Zam, and others in addition to Wolfe and Benjamin. The Marx-Lenin School held a public lecture on Sunday afternoons and conducted its courses during the evening hours, Monday through Thursday. The school was intended "to teach and defend the principles of Leninism within the Communist Party and the working class and to train workers for the class struggle", according to the party at the time of its launch. 1342:. "Progressives" Alexander Ravitch and Emanuel Diana were elected secretary-treasurer and president respectively in August 1934, though there were still CP sympathizers on the board. The progressives swept the elections a year later, electing Anthony H. Esposito manager. DTWU would later amalgamate with several other toy and novelty workers unions under CIO auspices. Ravitch became national secretary treasurer of the new organization and Esposito president. In 1952 Esposito would leave the union, now called the 1270:. Martin became concerned about the rising power of the Communists within his union and turned to David Dubinsky for advice. Dubinsky and Martin developed a plan, in which they would commission Jay Lovestone to help remove the communist influence in the union. Dubinsky gave Lovestone $ 100,000 to effect the operation. In April 1937 30 Lovestoneites arrived in Detroit to begin their work. They were led by Alex Bail, under his party name George F. Miles, who was in daily contact with Lovestone in New York. 397: 226: 795: 1554:, the brother of Charles Zimmerman, was elected as head of the union and another "progressive" was elected treasurer. While in control of the union they faced considerable opposition from the Communist ex-TUUL faction, who tried to have the entire executive board recalled at the group's October 1934 convention. By March 1937, however, Zimmerman lost control of the organization and it voted to merge with 1381:, and for those members to join the already established AFL groups. In 1935 the NTWIU was disbanded and the Lovestoneite group within the IFWU – the Furriers Progressive League—pushed for a resolution urging for the NTWIU members to be allowed into the union and new elections to take place. The Communists won control of the union in that election and Ben Gold, formerly head of the NTWIU, became president. 2054: 1442:. Within Waiters Local 16, they organized the Progressive Culinary League, to oppose Communist and Mafia domination of the union. In 1940 the Progressives won control of the local, but the ILLA dissolved later that year. They also organized the United Progressive Group as an opposition to the Communist administration of Cafeteria Workers Local 302 but were never able to win its leadership. 1455:

September the dissident elements, not all Lovestoneites, met in convention and constituted themselves the Progressive Group within the UMW and resolved to try to get reinstated in the official organization. The opposition coalition did not last however, as the other leaders called for the creation of a new union in August 1933 and other disaffected members gravitated towards the

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provided by Will Herberg, a top leader of the organization throughout its history, who pegged the membership of the Lovestone organization at between 1,000 and 1,500. In the view of the leading scholar of the ILLA and its predecessors, the historian Robert J. Alexander, "Will Herberg's estimate of Lovestoneite membership would seem nearer the facts than that of Gitlow."

40: 1594:. The Lovestoneites organized their own faction within the Teachers Union, called the "Progressive Group," and working in coalition with the Communist-led "Rank and File" faction succeeded in ousting the union leadership in 1935. The ousted union leaders subsequently bolted to establish a new union called the 564: 1409:

were forbidden from running. The Opposition decided to boycott the elections. Finally, in March 1940 the six remaining opposition leaders were ousted from the union. Again, a coalition of socialists, Zionists, Lovestoneites and others tried to rally public opinion for the ousted leaders, but to no effect.

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After paying for his supplies, the wages of his assistants, and a commission for obtaining the work, Rivera found himself with $ 7,000 of "Rockefeller money" remaining. He determined to leave New York with a particularly provocative example of his work. He chose the location of the Lovestoneites' New

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split with a small following in 1934. They had argued that it was useless to continue as an "opposition" intending to reform the Communist Party, and advocated the group declare itself an independent party. When this perspective was not endorsed by the leadership Zam and his co-thinkers went into the

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in the USSR as "basically wrong" with the matter a "decisive question of fundamental principle." Gitlow presented his views to the 2nd National Conference of the CPUSA(O), which "decisively rejected" them "by a large margin." Soon thereafter, Gitlow submitted his resignation from the organization. He

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The Lovestoneites organized among New York area white collar workers. In Local 12644, a directly affiliated AFL local in New York, the Lovestoneites led the Progressive faction, which competed for control with the official Communists and the "conservatives". The Progressive ticket won control of the

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members in the anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania. Frank Vrataric was the leader of this "progressive" faction that led the fight against John L. Lewis' purge of Communists at the January 1932 convention. In May of that year Vrataric and other opposition leaders were expelled from the UMW. In

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in Germany. The organization urged international unity among labor and radical groups against the Nazis' "express-train speed" efforts to "consolidate their grip on the country and wipe out the labor movement without leaving a trace." The organization clearly continued to hold out hope that it would

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Despite being subjected to such violence, the Lovestoneites nevertheless once again endorsed the electoral ticket of the official Communist Party in the election of 1932, declaring the Republicans and Democrats "stand for this cursed system", while the Socialists "frequently support the conservative

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In late 1938 Gold began to take measures against the opposition. In December it informed Baraz that he had been found guilty of "malicious slander" against the leadership and had been suspended. In Union elections held in 1939 the opposition were denied poll watchers and several of their candidates

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in New York City. Preliminary sketches for the work were approved in November 1932 and a contract signed calling for the payment of $ 21,000. In March 1932, Rivera and his helpers moved to New York and began their work. Work progressed rapidly on the complicated work, which featured a central motif

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The name of the party's institute was later changed in the fall of 1930 to "The New Workers School" as part of an effort to contrast itself to the Workers School, the successful training program run by the regular Communist Party. At the time of the name change, the Communist Party (Majority Group)

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Benjamin Gitlow, an early Secretary of the organization who later broke with communism, declared in his 1940 memoir that "the Lovestonites did not attain a membership in excess of three hundred and fifty throughout my connection with the group." Another estimate of the group's numerical strength is

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Throughout the Soviet Union today and throughout the Communist International there is an organized campaign for the development of a new 'ism' — 'Stalinism.' Stalin's fiftieth birthday was celebrated with incense and flattery. His picture is the favorite cover illustration of every periodical from

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have been smashed by the wild rowdyism and gangsterism of the Communist Party bureaucrats. It seems that the Party leadership intends that every meeting in the coming election campaign which is not an official Communist meeting must not be permitted to take place: either it must be 'turned' into an

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in the United States." The first issue was dated November 1, 1929, and featured "An Appeal to All Party Members and Revolutionary Workers" above the fold, in which the new "Communist Party USA (Majority Group)" declared itself the continuer of the "glorious traditions" in fulfilling the "tremendous

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The Lovestoneites briefly won control of ILGWU Local 155, the Knitgoods Workers Local, in April 1934 under Louis Nelson. While in power they established an educational department, sick and relief fund, and union hiring hall. But it was their policy during the mid-1930s to try to bring the official

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The second year of classes were headlined by a series of Sunday night lectures by Jay Lovestone on "The Class War Today." Other course titles included, "Fundamentals of Communism", "Program of the Communist International", "Marxian Philosophy", "Social Forces in American History", and "English for

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has been revising the fundamental principles of Leninism and distorting and destroying the Leninist line of the Comintern. As a result the sections of the Comintern have been thrown into isolation, chaos, and confusion, and the best and most experienced revolutionists driven out and expelled to be

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The Communists acted in a very dictatorial way in running the administration. The Lovestoneites formed a coalition with the socialists, the Furriers Progressive Unity League, to oppose the communists, however Communist control only tightened. Benjamin Baraz, leader of the Lovestoneite caucus lost

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movement, and the history of the revolutionary youth movement in America as well as classes in intermediate and advanced English. Over 400 people were claimed to have registered for the first classes offered by the school, which began in January 1930. The facility was initially located at 37 East

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Local, firing 17 communist organizers, but unable to remove the Reuther led Socialists. In the months leading up to the August 1937 convention the UAW became bitterly divided between the Martin-Lovestone "Progressive caucus" and the Communist-Socialist "Unity Group". At the August Convention the

1230:. The Lovestoneites did have some members within them, organized into the Detroit Progressive Group for One Union. The AFL merged these locals together in 1935 and the UAW held its first convention and elected its first officers at its April 1936 convention. Homer Martin was elected president, 627:

At no point in its history did the Independent Labor League of America or its predecessors publish membership figures. The size of the group no doubt fluctuated over time and the organization lacked the rigid discipline and regimentation of the official Communist Party USA, to the point that one

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Years later the FBI found out further information about the incident while conducting another investigation. The employees at the building apparently belonged to a small Communist dominated union and one of the maids was commissioned to keep tabs on Lovestone's mail. Communist Party agents then

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Local 22, with Communist Party (Opposition) member "Sasha" Zimmerman playing a leading role. The organization staunchly supported the ILGWU in its various organizing and strike efforts. In April 1932 Zimmerman ran for manager of Dressmakers Local 22 as part of an organized "Progressive League"

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and Sidney Hillman to offer Martin an ultimatum: either re-instate the ousted board or be expelled from the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Martin protested this interference in the unions affairs, but eventually caved. The new board had an anti-Martin majority and proceeded to fire the

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On June 18, 1938 Martin suspended five members of the executive board. They were to be "tried" by the union on charges of conspiracy to destroy the union. The five suspended members were Mortimer, Hall, Welles, Addes and Frankensteen, who had been weaned away from the pro-Martin faction. Six

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was formed, two Lovestoneites, Meyer Laks and Meyer Chanatzky were on the executive board of the new Paterson local. Again, the Lovestoneites ran into trouble with the official Communists who suspend Laks and Chanatzky in late 1938. Rank and file pressure was able to re-instate them.

1598:. The Communists soon solidified their control over the TU, while Lovestoneites found themselves in another opposition coalition called the "Independents." Shortly before the dissolution of the ILLA, the Progressive group left the Teachers Union and obtained a separate charter from the 352:

During its first years, the CP(MG) considered itself a "loyal opposition" to the official Communist Party, a fact reflected by the group's decision to endorse the Congressional and State candidates of the CPUSA in the 1930 elections. An editorial in the party's official organ declared:

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noted that "every one of its teachers was formerly a leading teacher of the old Workers School", an institution which "thanks to the wrong line at present prevailing in the Party, is revising and falsifying Leninism and hence no longer serving the purposes for which it is founded."

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to join the new dual union, and that he was receiving an English language newsletter from the German Oppositionists. The Central committee refused to act, Moriarty even expressing sympathy for the KPO. In March 1930, the ECCI purged Moriarty, MacDonald, Bushay and Breslow.

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which emerged as the forerunner of the American Communist Party in 1919. The first editor of the publication was Ben Gitlow, assisted by Bert Wolfe as associate editor. At the time of the 1st National Conference in 1930, Editor Gitlow and Secretary Lovestone traded hats.

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28th Street, 8th Floor, in New York City. In the fall of 1930 it was moved to 63 Madison Avenue, 1st Floor, near 27th Street. By the "Special Summer Term" of 1932 the school had found new quarters once again, this time at 228 Second Avenue, on the corner of 14th Street.

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Workers School on West 14th Street, putting up movable walls in the rented building and creating the mural with his assistants at his own expense. The work, entitled "Portrait of America", included 21 panels in all, occupying 700 square feet (65 m) of wall space.

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The Lovestoneites also represented the Right Opposition in Canada. As in the US, an opposition-inclined group had been elected at the Communist Party's latest convention, in June 1929, but the factional differences were still salient. The tendency led by Chairmen

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took over the leadership when Breslow moved to New York in 1935. The Montreal group set up a Workers Educational League, an adult education center modeled on the New Workers School, participated in ILGWU and railroad strikes and later became active within the

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Advertised in mid-November 1929 for a December 2 opening and described in an article in mid-December 1929, the Communist Party (Majority Group)'s institute was initially called the "Marx-Lenin School", with Bert Wolfe as director and D. Benjamin (real name,

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replaced by incapable politically bankrupt 'new leaderships.' * * * Against the revision of Leninism, against the destruction of our parties and of their mass influence it becomes the duty of all Communists, of all revolutionary workers to fight.

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general-secretary treasurer. From the beginning the top leadership was divided between Martin loyalists and Communist Party members like Mortimer, Hall and Addes. Additionally, there was a faction allied with the Socialist party led by the

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In 1939 the UAW would split into two groups, Martin leading his group into the AFL. Irving Brown was still with this group trying to organize support among the Baltimore locals, but to little effect. The Martin UAW folded in 1940.

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on the covers of American magazines. Towns and factories and clubs and streets are named after him. His speech on the Five-Year Plan was set to music! * * * pparently Stalin insists upon being embalmed and worshipped while still

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and its use of "ultra-left phrases in the leading campaigns of the party", cease with its mass expulsions of dissidents and immediately reinstate those recently expelled, and "examine and take a stand" against the decisions of the

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The Lovestoneites placed extremely high emphasis upon educational activities. The Lovestone organization was quick to establish its own party school akin to the training institutes of the rival official Communist Party's

3350: 1477: 492:, in the fall of 1930 preparations began to be made for a new "International Conference of the Communist Opposition." Representatives of the CP(MG) collaborated with their comparable others in Germany, Sweden, and 523:

For all its aspirations of united action and reintegration into the regular CPUSA, the Lovestone oppositionists began to have ever more serious misgivings about the nature of the regime in the Soviet Union as the

1282:, he also became Martins speech writer; Eve Stone, Alex Bails wife, took over the UAW's Women's Auxiliary; Irving Brown took over operations in UAW locals in Chicago and Baltimore. Perhaps most significant was 695:. By no means did all of these local units exist simultaneously, but the sheer number and geographic spread of organized branches seems indicative of an organization with more than a few hundred adherents. 365:, the former leader of the faction who had died suddenly of acute appendicitis on March 3, 1927, holding public "Ruthenberg Memorial Meetings" in his memory each year and eulogizing him in the party press. 1439: 520:

be invited into the official Communist Party once again, declared that "the turn in tactics must be accompanied by a movement for the unification of the Communist movement, now split up and divided."

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Decision-making conclaves of the ILLA and its predecessors were known by a variety of names. All gatherings were held in New York City except for "Midwest Conferences", which were held in Chicago.

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end the influence of the official Communists within his union. In the early 1930s there was no national union for automobile workers, but there were several directly affiliated AFL locals in

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Martin-Lovestone group tried to make its move and oust Mortimer, Hall and Addes from the leadership. However, on the fifth day the convention got a surprise visit from CIO president

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was quick to quash the controversy by pulling the plug on the almost-completed work, paying off Rivera and immediately covering the massive mural before destroying it early in 1934.

388:. On April 3, 1932, Rivera lectured under the auspices of the Communist Party (Opposition) on "Trends in Modern Art", with his friend Bert Wolfe handling the task of translation. 305:

The officers of the organization named in 1929 included an 11-member Central Committee headed by expelled General Secretary Lovestone and including such former CPUSA stalwarts as

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movement of the 1930s. The organization emerged from a factional fight in the CPUSA in 1929 and unsuccessfully sought to reintegrate with that organization for several years.

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historian of the Lovestone movement has speculated that "perhaps the Communist Opposition leadership itself did not know the exact number of members at any given time."

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at the corner of Hopkinson and Pitkin Avenues, which had been attacked by "official 'Communist' hooligans who brandished knives, iron knuckles, and other weapons."

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election as Union business manager. In 1938, yet another united front was set up, the United Progressive Furriers, which included "left and right wing socialists,

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The Toronto area group was led by Moriarty. This group was active in organizing the unemployed in nearby Hamilton and East York. They were also active within the

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The group began as the Communist Party, USA (Majority Group) in the fall of 1929, following the expulsion of Lovestone and his factional cohorts from the CPUSA.

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In 1934, the New Workers School was immortalized in American art history by the Mexican muralist Diego Rivera. In 1932, Rivera had been commissioned to paint a

1377:. During all their early campaigning within the American labor movements, the Lovestoneites had pushed for the abolition of the TUUL dual unions, such as the 1489: 469:

rented an apartment above Lovestone's and burglarized it when he was out, taking the bags of correspondence to the other apartment so no one would see them.

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in February 1936. In this instance the Communist-led Rank & File group withdrew their candidate so that Sam Freedman would stand against the supposedly

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While the weekly dues stamps of the CPMG included the slogan "For Communist Unity", the reality faced by the group's members was sometimes quite different.

1689: 465:, published by the expelled members sympathizers also published some of the documents to prove that Lovestone was behind Martin's attempt to purge them. 496:

in a preliminary gathering held in Berlin in March 1930 to organize the event. The call for the founding conference was published over the signature of

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In the summer of 1932 the Communist Party (Majority Group) made a strong protest about the use of violence by the official Communist Party against its

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The Communist Party (Opposition), known commonly as "The Lovestoneites", was one of two primary opposition organizations which split away from the

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Courses cost $ 2.50 per class, with tickets to the headlining presentations by Jay Lovestone available on a single admission basis for 25 cents.

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Ben Gitlow, Secretary of the Communist Party Opposition from 1930 to 1932, led a split early in 1933 over the group's unwillingness to criticize

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For Unity of the World Communist Movement: A Letter to the Independent Labour Party of Great Britain from the Communist Party USA (Opposition).

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Early in February 1933 former National Secretary Ben Gitlow submitted his resignation from the Lovestone organization, having come to see the

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tasks" set by a previous publication of the same name in establishing the American Communist movement in 1919. The organization declared that:

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accepted the new Moscow line, but only grudgingly. Within a few months the Montreal party leadership complained to the Central Committee that

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The Lovestoneites had as many as nine functioning branches in New York City over the course of the organization, as well as other branches in

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came to the conclusion that it was a hoax perpetuated by Lovestone to obtain a new passport. Hoax or not, the expelled board members lawyer,

325:. The new group also included its own "Young Communist League", headed by an 8-member National Executive Committee, to parallel the official 1247:

that did not have representation at the top but had a following among many locals, which at the moment allied with the official Communists.

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union leaders who are doing their best to paralyze the struggles of the workers and to hand them over to the tender mercies of the bosses."

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who endorsed the incumbent leadership. Mortimer, Hall and Addes were re-elected, but two supposedly pro-Martin vice-presidents were added,

860:, which the Communist Party USA (Opposition) published on behalf of the International Communist Opposition. Only two issues were produced. 849:

Beginning in January 1934, the group also began to produce a mimeographed discussion bulletin of "programmatic documents" under the title

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The new "Communist Party (Majority Group)" demanded that the official CPUSA turn away from the "opportunist sectarian" perspective of the

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The trial began on July 25 and lasted until August 6, ending in Frankensteen, Mortimer and Halls expulsion and Wells suspension.

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of 1937–38 ultimately led the group to drop the word "Communist" from its name before its dissolution in the first days of 1941.

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backed Louis Weinstock in his successful bid to win the leadership of District 9, Manhattan, against a candidate backed by the

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appealed to John L. Lewis to intervene in the fiasco. In the first week of September Lewis sent a CIO commission consisting of

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The "American Exceptionalism" of Jay Lovestone and His Comrades, 1929–1940: Dissident Marxism in the United States, Volume 1.

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dolls was beaten by an unknown assailant and his skull was fractured. He had received threats from the owner of his factory.

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The movement suffered three splits during its existence, only one of which produced a new organization. The first was led by

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in its first incarnation, a tip of the hat to a periodical of the same name which served as the first official organ of the

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Lovestone & Zam offer dueling Reports, with Lovestone winning over Zam's call for a new party and International, 45–7.

936: 591: 568: 349:. The remaining members of the regular CPUSA met these demands of its expelled dissidents with indifference or hostility. 595: 346: 2191: 1953: 583:. When he was unable to convince the leadership of the group to do so, he took a small following into the CPLA himself. 2234: 114: 532:

mocked the ritualistic torrents of adulation being bestowed upon Stalin as part of an organized campaign in the USSR:

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apartment at London Terrace, 410 West 24th Street was broken into. Extensive collections of his correspondence, his

2262: 545:, the humorous magazine. His photograph appears as often and as universally on the Russian magazine covers as the ' 204:

organizations of the 1930s, particularly in the automobile and garment industries. A growing disaffection with the

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opining with an April 24, 1933 banner: "RIVERA PAINTS SCENES OF COMMUNIST ACTIVITY AND JOHN D. JR. FOOTS BILL.".

2705:, "The New York Workers School, 1923–1944: Communist Education in American Society", in Michael E. Brown et al., 2248: 1599: 1579: 1485: 939:. In fact Moriarty led the fight to have "violent change" and "confiscation of property" included in that groups 413: 241:

in the late 1920s and early 1930s, paralleling factional differences within the Soviet leadership. A so-called

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being added to the roster to teach a course on "The Liberation of American Literature" in the fall of 1932.

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Foreign-Born Workers." Very similar courses were taught at the New Workers School in subsequent years, with

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highlighting scientific discovery, with flaming red socialist themes in the left background and scenes of

1223: 450: 273:, were also expelled or left the various national parties. In the United States this tendency was led by 269:. When Bukharin was purged from the Soviet leadership, his supporters in various countries, known as the 258: 1870:

Where We Stand: Volume 1: Platform and Programmatic Documents of the International Communist Opposition

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The Crisis in the Communist Party, USA: Statement of Principles of the Communist Party (Majority Group)

1699: 1365:. During most of their history in that union they were the major opposition element, first against the 892: 640: 417: 134: 1459:. The Lovestoneites strongly opposed these moves, on the grounds that they constituted dual unionism. 3453: 1804: 1663: 717: 688: 587: 124: 1929: 3437: 3429: 2210: 1684: 1259: 3412: 2268: 2222: 2216: 2127:

A Short Explanation of the Murals of Diego Rivera: "Portrait of America" (A series of 21 murals).

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The 1936 Election Campaign and the position of the Communist Party USA (Opposition): A Statement.

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In January 1936, Julius Herskowitz, a Lovestoneite unionist trying to organize a plant that made

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In addition to its main periodical, the Lovestoneites launched a short-lived Yiddish periodical,

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The Right Opposition: The Lovestoneites and the International Communist Opposition of the 1930s.

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was suspended by the leadership. She took 500 members of UOPWA Local 16 out and joined the AFLs

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in January 1932, with the first number under the new title appearing on the 16th of that month.

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reproduced some of the very documents Lovestone claimed had been stolen at the trial. A special

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The Right Opposition: The Lovestoneites and the International Communist Opposition of the 1930s

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Introduction and translation by Bertram D. Wolfe. New York: Workers Age Publishers, April 1940.

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groups executive board in a landslide in 1935. However, when the local affiliated with the CIO

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Charles S. Zimmerman, "For One Union in the Needle Trades! Workers Need Unity and Militancy!"

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The Lovestoneites' most controversial foray into the union movement was their attempt to help

607:. Gitlow and Becker's new organization soon merged with a group led by B.J. Field to form the 3423: 2590:

Interview of Will Herberg by Robert J. Alexander, December 12, 1973, published in Alexander,

2142: 1520:-backed Bob Kellman. That March the Lovestoneites, the official Communists and the Socialist 835:, in December 1929. At that same time was announced the forthcoming launch of a paper called 779: 672: 426: 17: 3311: 3418: 2280: 2022: 1842: 1759: 1299: 322: 1512:

The Lovestoneite "progressive" slate won control of District Council 18, Brooklyn, of the

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Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library.

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The organization took another stab at a Yiddish-language periodical with its launch of

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Street meetings of the Communist Party (Majority Group), of the Trotsky group , of the

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The new organization made its presence known with the first number of a new newspaper,

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Reds at the Blackboard: Communism, Civil Rights, and the New York City Teachers Union.

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In 1937 Mortimer and Bob Travis led a series of successful sit-down strikes, first at

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Where We Stand: Volume 4: Programmatic Documents of the Communist Party (Opposition).

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communists into the mainstream union movement, giving them a place on their ticket.

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At least two issues of a mimeographed magazine for the group's youth section called

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New York: Student Section of the Independent Communist Labor League, November 1937.

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reported that Lovestone's "entire archive" had come into possession of the Party.

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speakers on the street corners of New York City. The Lovestoneites charged that

2539:"On the Case of Comrade Benjamin Gitlow: Statement of the National Committee", 2018: 1920: 1738: 1728: 1595: 1583: 1575: 1517: 1405:, to help them in their struggle against the Ben Gold clique, but to no avail. 1346:, over a "raiding" dispute. His successor was another Lovestoneite, Alex Bail. 1318: 1311: 1271: 1251: 1244: 1079:

Adopts long statement "The Present Situation and the Tasks of the Communists."

943:. Both sections of the Canadian Opposition had fizzled out by the end of 1939. 904: 705: 680: 493: 230: 225: 2798:"The New Workers School: Valuable Courses Given by Lovestone, Wolfe, Others". 2523:

Bertram D. Wolfe, "Marxism — Leninism — Stalinism: The Birth of a New 'Ism'",

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A United Labor Front against Fascism!: Manifesto of the Communist Opposition.

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During the early part of its history the Lovestoneites had a following among

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The Lovestone group reacted with shock and a sense of urgency to the rise of

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Safeguard Your Unions Against Disruption!: An Appeal to All Trade Unionists.

1782:—Four page broadsheet newspaper, later sold for 5 cents as a party document. 603:

in his defection and the pair formed a tiny new grouplet calling itself the

2004:

Where We Stand, Labor's Road Forward: The Program and Policies of the ILLA.

1669: 1647: 1390: 1350: 1303: 1239: 759: 512: 381: 333: 306: 254: 205: 200:

Activists in the Communist Party (Opposition) played a role in a number of

164:

Over the course of its existence the organization made use of four names:

47: 500:

of the National Council of the "Communist Party of Germany (Opposition)."

296:

Under the pretext of 'fighting the Rights,' the present leadership of the

1530: 1289:

The Lovestone group was successful at first, purging Communists from the

1275: 728: 668: 550: 546: 209: 201: 2629: 2272: 1888:

New York: Furriers Faction of the Communist Party (Opposition), n.d. .

1748: 1480:. The office workers involved were principally employees of ILGWU, the 1386: 1267: 768: 563: 528:" began to take root in the 1930s. A May 1933 article by Bert Wolfe in 449:

and a gold watch were stolen. At the time Lovestone claimed this was a

396: 907:, editor of the party's Yiddish organ, had refused to resign from the 2152:

Outline for the Study of Dialectical Materialism and the Life of Man.

1636: 1438:

The Lovestoneites were active in two New York area locals of the AFL

442: 385: 158: 104: 3409:

from which was the source for much of the information in the article

2906:"Communist Party of the USA (Majority Group), in Nathan Fine (ed.), 2624: 2510:"For World Unity Against Fascism: Ar the CI Tactics Being Changed?" 2494:"Call for an International Conference of the Communist Opposition", 1997:

American CP Writes Its Own Epitaph: Earl Browder's New Constitution.

1955:

People's Front Illusion — From "Social Fascism" to "People's Front."

1546:

In 1934 several unions in the shoe workers field merged to form the

1821: 1602:. The TU itself would have its charter revoked the following year. 1374: 1255: 1227: 916: 660: 446: 3426:

Collection of the KAOW Congress, a Lovestonite united front group.

794: 391: 2012:

Keep America Out of War: Unite for Peace, Freedom, and Socialism.

1574:

The Lovestoneites had a small following within the New York City

1418: 1397:" as well as independent progressives. The coalition appealed to 1394: 1263: 923:, Ontario. In Montreal, the group was led by Breslow and Bushay. 920: 839:

for its "Young Communist League (Majority Group)" youth section.

774:

Unsurprisingly, enormous controversy began to flare up, with the

724: 405: 2174: : Summer Labor Institute of the New Workers School, n.d. . 871:

played a key role, additionally published a mimeographed sheet,

229:

Party leader Jay Lovestone sharing a platform with ILGWU leader

1865:. New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, September 1933. 1815:

The American Labor Movement: Its Past, Its Present, Its Future.

864: 755: 723:

The Marx-Lenin School taught courses in beginning and advanced

503:

The conference was held on December 16 and 17, 1930 in Berlin.

425:

Particular grievous was a street corner meeting held July 8 in

1949:. New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, February 1937. 2007:

Second Printing. New York: Workers Age Publishers, July 1938.

915:

The Lovestoneites' presence in Canada was largely limited to

809:

The group issued a periodical during its existence, known as

516: 3312:"Teachers Union of the City of New York Records, 1921–1942," 2340:"An Appeal to All Party Members and Revolutionary Workers", 1934:. New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, August 1935. 1900:

New York: Communist Party of the USA (Opposition), May 1934.

1344:

Playthings, Jewelry and Novelty Workers' International Union

3233:, vol. 5, no. 9 (Feb. 29, 1936) and no. 10 (March 7, 1936). 2642:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 462–464. 39: 2707:

New Studies in the Politics and Culture of U.S. Communism.

1993:

New York City: Independent Communist Labor League, n.d. .

1909:. New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, June 1934. 2919:

Jack Rubenstein, "The Situation in the Communist Youth",

2481:

Will Herberg, "The International Opposition Conference",

1838:

New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, March 1933.

1417:

The Lovestonites had a large following among the largely

805:

was the official organ of the Communist Party Opposition.

758:

measuring more than 1,000 square feet (93 m) in the

454: 3415:

by Max Shachtman, provides some information on the split

193:

The members often referred to their organization as the

3351:"Re: Workmen's Educational Association – San Francisco" 2931: 2929: 2910:

New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1930; pg. 144.

2192:

Constitution of the Independent Labor League of America

932:, in which Kapansky served on the executive committee. 476:

in Moscow, dated Oct 19, 1938 Comintern representative

3424:

Records of Keep America Out of War Congress, 1938–1942

2172:

Outline on Marxism and American Historical Traditions.

1917:

New York: Communist Party (Opposition), December 1934.

1856:. New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, 1933. 1809:. New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, n.d. . 1800:. New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, n.d. . 421:

official Communist meeting or else it must be smashed!

3419:

Photograph of the CPUSA(O) at a May Day demonstration

3407:

Profile of the organization at Early American Marxism

3353:. H-LABOR@H-NET.MSU.EDU. 26 July 2000. Archived from 1582:. The union was still dominated by its two founders, 1234:

first vice-president, Ed Hall second vice-president,

856:

In May 1934 a quarterly magazine was launched called

345:

which represented a revision of the decisions of the

2926: 2194:, Adopted by the 7th National Convention, July 1938. 1999:New York City: Independent Communist Labor League, 1847:

New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, 1933.

1818:

New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, n.d. .

1208: 1940:

New York: Workers Age Publishing Association, 1936.

1610:The Lovestoneites had limited influence within the 1286:, who became Homer Martin new executive secretary. 277:, former General Secretary of the Communist Party. 3289:New York: Columbia University Press, 2011; pg. 11. 361:The Lovestoneites remained loyal to the memory of 343:Executive Committee of the Communist International 3275:. March 4, 1937. p. 11 – via ProQuest. 2144:Marxian Economics: An Outline of Twelve Lectures. 2135:Marxian Classics in the Light of Current History. 2015:New York: Workers Age Publishers, September 1939. 1470:United Office and Professional Workers of America 1026:Elects Gitlow Secretary, names Lovestone Editor. 3445: 3247:. June 2, 1946. p. 43 – via ProQuest. 1478:Bookkeepers, Stenographers and Accountants Union 488:After initially lending critical support to the 3105:. May 9, 1952. p. 15 – via ProQuest. 2581:New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1940; pg. 572. 2179:Outline on Trade Unionism: Theory and Practice. 1830:New York: Roy Defense Committee of India, 1932. 1433: 771:and police repression in the background right. 392:Confrontation with the official Communist Party 3459:Defunct communist parties in the United States 3438:Guide to the New York Workers School Materials 3271:"C. I. O. Acts to Absorb Shoe Workers Union". 3090:. Nov 6, 1938. p. 4 – via ProQuest. 2908:The American Labor Year Book, 1930: Volume 11. 2709:New York: Monthly Review Press, 1993; pg. 262. 2579:I Confess: The Truth About American Communism. 1931:Soviet Foreign Policy and the World Revolution 1925:New York: Communist Party (Opposition), n.d. . 1886:"Fur Workers: Condemn a Shameful Provocation!" 1881:New York: Communist Party (Opposition), n.d. . 1338:The Lovestoneites were also a presence in the 3382:Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1981. 2354: 2352: 2350: 1873:New York: Communist Party (Opposition), 1934. 1791:. New York: The Revolutionary Age, Feb. 1930. 1363:International Fur & Leather Workers Union 619:left wing of the Socialist Party of America. 3101:"OUSTED UNION SEEKS READMISSION TO C.I.O.". 2923:, vol. 1, no. 2 (November 15, 1929), pg. 17. 2498:, vol. 1, no. 21 (November 22, 1930), pg. 9. 2485:, vol. 1, no. 21 (November 22, 1930), pg. 9. 2378:, vol. 1, no. 19 (September 1, 1930), pg. 3. 2344:, vol. 1, no. 1 (November 1, 1929), pp. 1-2. 1423:International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union 483: 3489:1941 disestablishments in the United States 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2793: 2791: 2543:, vol. 2, no. 9 (February 15, 1933), pg. 2. 1590:and by its leadership was aligned with the 16:"ILLA" redirects here. For other uses, see 2846:, vol. 2, no. 1 (October 15, 1932), pg. 8. 2833:, vol. 1, no. 20 (October 1, 1930), pg. 4. 2820:, vol. 1, no. 20 (October 1, 1930), pg. 1. 2420:, vol. 2, no. 2 (November 1, 1932), pg. 1. 2362:, vol. 1, no. 1 (November 1, 1929), pg. 5. 2347: 1440:Hotel and Restaurant Workers International 1361:The Lovestoneites were also active in the 38: 3440:at the University of California at Irvine 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2514:, vol. 2, no. 11 (March 15, 1933), pg. 1. 2303: 2245:(formerly Highlander Folk School) (1932) 1326:Lovestoneites whom he had put in office. 1314:walked out in protest at the squabbling. 993:and elects a 49-member National Council. 215: 149:, led by former General Secretary of the 3484:1929 establishments in the United States 3479:Political parties disestablished in 1941 3170:, vol. 2, no. 12 (April 15, 1933), pg. 3 3086:"TOY MAKERS HERE ENLIST WITH C. I. O.". 2849: 2842:"New Workers School: Fall Term — 1932", 2829:"New Workers School Announces Courses", 2788: 2757: 2755: 2620: 2618: 2506: 2504: 2407:, vol. 1, no. 24 (July 16, 1932), pg. 1. 2391:, vol. 1, no. 10 (April 2, 1932), pg. 1. 2336: 2334: 2243:Highlander Research and Education Center 2138:New York City, New Workers School, 1934. 2036:New York: Workers Age Publishers, n.d. . 1968:New York: Workers Age Publishers, n.d. . 1958:New York: Workers Age Publishers, n.d. . 1560:Brotherhood of Shoe and Allied Craftsmen 1044:Communist Party of the USA (Opposition). 815:Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party 793: 609:League for a Revolutionary Workers Party 562: 395: 224: 3385:Paul LeBlanc and Tim Davenport (eds.), 2535: 2533: 2358:"Declaration to the Plenum of the CC", 2040: 1333: 984:Enlarged Session of National Committee 946: 727:, American history, the history of the 581:Conference for Progressive Labor Action 376:were the German oppositional communist 175:Communist Party of the USA (Opposition) 31:Communist Party of the USA (Opposition) 3446: 2712: 2597: 2527:, vol. 2, no. 13 (May 1, 1933), pg. 5. 2399: 2397: 2370: 2368: 2159:Foundations of Marxism: Study Outline. 1514:Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators 1379:Needle Trades Workers Industrial Union 882:were also published in 1938 and 1939. 579:who wanted the sect to unite with the 257:and were expelled in 1928 to form the 157:, were a small American oppositionist 3474:Political parties established in 1929 2866: 2752: 2615: 2501: 2331: 2286:Los Angeles People's Education Center 2166:Marxism and Modern Political Thought. 1548:United Shoe and Leather Workers Union 1278:as editor of the UAWs periodical the 698: 645:Fredericktown-Millsboro, Pennsylvania 506: 436: 2671:"Opening of Marx-Lenin School! (ad)" 2530: 2181:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2168:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2161:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2154:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2129:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2123:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2103:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2096:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2089:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2082:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2075:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2068:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2059:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2050:New York: New Workers School, n.d. . 2048:Economics of Present Day Capitalism. 1964:The Truth About the Barcelona Events 1629: 1623:Textile Workers Organizing Committee 1502:Workmens Sick and Death Benefit Fund 1310:non-suspended board members, led by 937:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 368:Among those boosted in the pages of 23:Political party in United States 2416:"Vote Communist! Foster and Ford!" 2394: 2365: 1806:Some Plain Words on Communist Unity 1612:American Federation of Silk Workers 1164:Independent Labor League of America 1004:2nd Plenum of the National Council 558: 347:6th World Congress of the Comintern 187:Independent Labor League of America 13: 3372: 2663: 2235:Jefferson School of Social Science 2185: 2147:New York: New Workers School, 1934 2080:American Revolutionary Traditions. 1605: 1412: 1144:Independent Communist Labor League 622: 233:at a political rally in the 1930s. 181:Independent Communist Labor League 115:International Communist Opposition 14: 3500: 3400: 2873:The Fabulous Life of Diego Rivera 2639:Encyclopedia of the American Left 2554:The Right Opposition", pp. 63-69. 2255:Southern Appalachian Labor School 2113:New York: New Workers School, . — 2073:Which Program for Revolutionists? 1844:What is the Communist Opposition? 1616:United Textile Workers of America 1614:, an autonomous affiliate of the 1462: 1209:Activities within organized labor 853:At least 4 issues were produced. 571:and its consequences in the USSR. 2056:The Nature of Capitalist Crisis. 1373:, and then the Communists under 991:Communist Party (Majority Group) 169:Communist Party (Majority Group) 3343: 3330: 3317: 3305: 3292: 3279: 3264: 3251: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3199: 3186: 3173: 3160: 3147: 3134: 3121: 3109: 3094: 3079: 3059: 3046: 3033: 3020: 3007: 2994: 2981: 2968: 2955: 2942: 2913: 2900: 2888: 2836: 2823: 2810: 2696: 2584: 2571: 2558: 2546: 2517: 2488: 2475: 2462: 2449: 2310:. Greenwood Press. pp. x. 2249:Commonwealth College (Arkansas) 2121:Theoretical System of Leninism. 1884:Furriers Faction of the CP(O), 1600:American Federation of Teachers 1580:American Federation of Teachers 1541: 1486:League for Industrial Democracy 1445: 1274:replaced the Communist leaning 1213: 1198:Votes to dissolve organization 789: 655:, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, 384:, and the Indian revolutionary 3464:Communism in the United States 3396:New York: Stein and Day, 1981. 2763:"Build the Marx-Lenin School!" 2436: 2423: 2410: 2387:"Rivera to Speak on April 3", 2381: 2297: 2087:History of Russian Revolution. 2065:Marxism and Political Thought. 1973:Which Road Shall the ASU Take? 1946:The CIO: Labor's New Challenge 1853:German Fascism and the Workers 1564:United Shoe Workers of America 1498:Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League 441:On July 17, 1938, Lovestone's 171:(November 1929-September 1932) 1: 3118:Vol. 5, no. 7 (Feb. 1, 1936). 2374:"Editorial: Vote Communist!" 2304:Alexander, Robert J. (1981). 2263:San Francisco Workers' School 2205:Rand School of Social Science 1897:What Next for American Labor? 1797:The Heritage of the Civil War 1556:Shoe Workers Protective Union 1550:. In March 1935 Lovestoneite 1494:Labor Committee for Palestine 1457:Progressive Miners of America 846:(Workers' Struggle) in 1933. 710:Rand School of Social Science 2291: 1771: 1434:Hotel and restaurant workers 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 988: 986: 983: 980: 977: 909:Amalgamated Clothing Workers 472:Finally, in a letter in the 195:Communist Party (Opposition) 7: 3469:Communist parties in Canada 3072:Vol. III #15 Sept 1, 1934, 2198: 1569: 1507: 1356: 1181:Adopts anti-war resolution 1073:National Plenum of the CPO 259:Communist League of America 10: 3505: 3243:"Obituary 1 -- No Title". 2806:(19): 5. 1 September 1930. 1862:The NRA and American Labor 1340:Doll and Toy Workers Union 596:frenetic industrialization 220: 15: 3413:"Footnote for Historians" 3068:Vol. III #13 Aug 4, 1934, 2740:(4): 14. 15 December 1929 2684:(2): 11. 15 November 1929 2403:"Stop This Hooliganism!" 1890:—English/Yiddish leaflet. 1474:Progressive Office Worker 1238:third vice-president and 1162:Changes name of group to 1142:Changes name of group to 885: 689:Fall River, Massachusetts 484:International affiliation 287:, subtitled "An Organ of 177:(September 1932-May 1937) 125:Politics of United States 120: 111:International affiliation 110: 98: 88: 73: 58: 46: 37: 28: 3394:A Life in Two Centuries. 3389:Leiden, NL: Brill, 2015. 3076:Vol. IV #31 Aug 3, 1935, 2094:Dialectical Materialism. 2033:New Frontiers for Labor. 1778:Appeal to the Comintern. 1421:speaking membership of 1192:9th National Convention 1176:8th National Convention 1156:7th National Convention 1136:6th National Convention 1087:August 31 – September 2 1056:4th National Conference 1053:December 30 – January 1 1037:2nd National Conference 1020:1st National Conference 712:of the Socialist Party. 605:Workers Communist League 189:(July 1938-January 1941) 2816:"Notice! New Address!" 2776:(7): 9. 1 February 1930 2727:"The Marx-Lenin School" 2269:California Labor School 2223:New York Workers School 2217:Brookwood Labor College 2101:Historical Materialism. 2024:The Russian Revolution. 1121:2nd Midwest Conference 833:Jewish Monthly Bulletin 776:New York World-Telegram 569:forced collectivization 541:, the movie review, to 490:Communist International 298:Communist International 208:in the years after the 3433:partial series archive 1906:Things We Want to Know 806: 803:The Revolutionary Age) 572: 556: 453:operation, though the 423: 401: 359: 327:Young Communist League 303: 253:and others, supported 234: 216:Organizational history 3378:Robert J. Alexander, 3221:Vol. V #6 Feb 1, 1936 2921:The Revolutionary Age 2831:The Revolutionary Age 2818:The Revolutionary Age 2800:The Revolutionary Age 2770:The Revolutionary Age 2734:The Revolutionary Age 2496:The Revolutionary Age 2483:The Revolutionary Age 2376:The Revolutionary Age 2360:The Revolutionary Age 2342:The Revolutionary Age 2211:Work People's College 1578:(TU), Local 5 of the 858:The Road To Communism 822:The Revolutionary Age 811:The Revolutionary Age 797: 780:Nelson A. Rockefeller 667:, St. Louis, Boston, 592:mass collectivization 566: 534: 427:Brownsville, New York 410: 399: 380:, the Mexican artist 370:The Revolutionary Age 355: 294: 285:The Revolutionary Age 228: 18:Illa (disambiguation) 3338:The Right Opposition 3325:The Right Opposition 3300:The Right Opposition 3259:The Right Opposition 3207:The Right Opposition 3194:The Right Opposition 3181:The Right Opposition 3155:The Right Opposition 3142:The Right Opposition 3129:The Right Opposition 2989:The Right Opposition 2976:The Right Opposition 2963:The Right Opposition 2950:The Right Opposition 2937:The Right Opposition 2610:The Right Opposition 2592:The Right Opposition 2566:The Right Opposition 2444:The Right Opposition 2281:Continuing education 2275:Labor School) (1942) 1760:Charles S. Zimmerman 1621:Later, when the CIO 1592:Old Guard Socialists 1566:under CIO auspices. 1334:Doll and toy workers 1300:Richard Frankensteen 1106:National Conference 947:National conferences 824:changed its name to 323:Charles S. Zimmerman 183:(May 1937-July 1938) 2703:Marvin E. Gettleman 1639:("George F. Miles") 1490:Union Health Center 1452:United Mine Workers 1367:Old Guard socialist 1220:United Auto Workers 875:from 1935 to 1936. 837:Revolutionary Youth 685:Passaic, New Jersey 526:Cult of Personality 372:and its successor, 239:Communist Party USA 151:Communist Party USA 93:Communist Party USA 3392:Bertram D. Wolfe, 2229:New Workers School 2141:Bertram D. Wolfe, 2053:Bertram D. Wolfe, 2046:Bertram D. Wolfe, 2041:New Workers School 1982:Civil War in Spain 1979:Bertram D. Wolfe: 1914:Why a Labor Party? 1903:Bertram D. Wolfe: 1841:Bertram D. Wolfe: 967:Name of gathering 930:Quebec Labor Party 807: 764:Rockefeller Center 699:New Workers School 573: 507:Policies mid-1930s 437:Apartment break-in 402: 235: 3285:Clarence Taylor, 2895:Revolutionary Age 2868:Wolfe, Bertram D. 2678:Revolutionary Age 2577:Benjamin Gitlow, 2107:August Thalheimer 1891: 1803:Benjamin Gitlow: 1783: 1690:Benjamin Lifshitz 1630:Prominent members 1588:Abraham Lefkowitz 1389:, Lovestoneites, 1369:leadership under 1202: 1201: 1070:June 30 – July 1 867:branch, in which 498:Heinrich Brandler 474:Comintern archive 378:August Thalheimer 143: 142: 130:Political parties 3496: 3454:Right Opposition 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3357:on 7 August 2016 3347: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3296: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3203: 3197: 3190: 3184: 3177: 3171: 3164: 3158: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3083: 3077: 3063: 3057: 3050: 3044: 3037: 3031: 3024: 3018: 3011: 3005: 2998: 2992: 2985: 2979: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2953: 2946: 2940: 2933: 2924: 2917: 2911: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2864: 2847: 2840: 2834: 2827: 2821: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2767: 2759: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2731: 2723: 2710: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2675: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2622: 2613: 2606: 2595: 2588: 2582: 2575: 2569: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2537: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2508: 2499: 2492: 2486: 2479: 2473: 2466: 2460: 2453: 2447: 2440: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2414: 2408: 2401: 2392: 2385: 2379: 2372: 2363: 2356: 2345: 2338: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2301: 1889: 1781: 1765:Israel Zimmerman 1744:Bertram D. Wolfe 1716:William Moriarty 1680:Kalmen Kaplansky 1552:Israel Zimmerman 1482:Workmen's Circle 1245:Reuther brothers 1232:Wyndham Mortimer 1042:Changes name to 958: 957: 941:Regina Manifesto 925:Kalmen Kaplansky 897:William Moriarty 639:, Philadelphia, 559:Factional splits 363:C. E. Ruthenberg 319:Bertram D. Wolfe 289:Marxism-Leninism 271:Right Opposition 263:Nikolai Bukharin 245:centered around 89:Preceded by 84: 82: 69: 67: 42: 26: 25: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3444: 3443: 3403: 3375: 3373:Further reading 3370: 3360: 3358: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3322: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3297: 3293: 3284: 3280: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3204: 3200: 3191: 3187: 3178: 3174: 3165: 3161: 3152: 3148: 3139: 3135: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3047: 3038: 3034: 3025: 3021: 3012: 3008: 2999: 2995: 2986: 2982: 2973: 2969: 2960: 2956: 2947: 2943: 2934: 2927: 2918: 2914: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2865: 2850: 2841: 2837: 2828: 2824: 2815: 2811: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2713: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2636:, eds. (1998). 2623: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2589: 2585: 2576: 2572: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2538: 2531: 2522: 2518: 2509: 2502: 2493: 2489: 2480: 2476: 2467: 2463: 2454: 2450: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2395: 2386: 2382: 2373: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2201: 2188: 2186:Party documents 2132:Jay Lovestone, 2043: 1952:Jay Lovestone: 1894:Jay Lovestone: 1812:Jay Lovestone: 1780:: , July 1929. 1774: 1769: 1725:Jack Rubenstein 1712:("Bert Miller") 1710:Benjamin Mandel 1675:Benjamin Gitlow 1666:("D. Benjamin") 1632: 1608: 1606:Textile workers 1572: 1544: 1510: 1465: 1448: 1436: 1415: 1413:Garment workers 1359: 1336: 1216: 1211: 1189:December 28–29 1090:5th Convention 1001:February 22–23 949: 888: 851:Where We Stand. 826:The Workers Age 792: 746:V. F. Calverton 701: 679:, Los Angeles, 653:Kokomo, Indiana 625: 623:Membership size 561: 509: 486: 439: 418:Socialist Party 394: 374:The Workers Age 311:Benjamin Gitlow 247:James P. Cannon 243:Left Opposition 223: 218: 139: 80: 78: 65: 63: 33: 32: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 3502: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3442: 3441: 3435: 3427: 3421: 3416: 3410: 3402: 3401:External links 3399: 3398: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3342: 3329: 3316: 3304: 3291: 3278: 3273:New York Times 3263: 3250: 3245:New York Times 3235: 3223: 3211: 3198: 3185: 3172: 3159: 3146: 3133: 3120: 3108: 3103:New York Times 3093: 3088:New York Times 3078: 3058: 3045: 3032: 3019: 3006: 2993: 2980: 2967: 2954: 2952:, pp. 253-254. 2941: 2925: 2912: 2899: 2887: 2848: 2835: 2822: 2809: 2787: 2751: 2711: 2695: 2662: 2648: 2614: 2596: 2583: 2570: 2557: 2545: 2529: 2516: 2500: 2487: 2474: 2461: 2448: 2435: 2422: 2409: 2393: 2380: 2364: 2346: 2330: 2316: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2252: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2232: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2175: 2169: 2164:Will Herberg, 2162: 2157:Will Herberg, 2155: 2150:Will Herberg, 2148: 2139: 2130: 2124: 2119:Will Herberg, 2117: 2111:On Dialectics. 2104: 2099:Will Herberg, 2097: 2092:Will Herberg, 2090: 2083: 2078:Will Herberg, 2076: 2071:Will Herberg, 2069: 2062:Will Herberg, 2060: 2051: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2030:Jay Lovestone: 2028: 2019:Rosa Luxemburg 2016: 2008: 2000: 1994: 1986: 1977: 1969: 1959: 1950: 1943:Will Herberg: 1941: 1935: 1928:Jay Lovestone: 1926: 1918: 1910: 1901: 1892: 1882: 1874: 1866: 1859:Will Herberg: 1857: 1848: 1839: 1831: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1794:Will Herberg: 1792: 1784: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1751:("Janet Cork") 1746: 1741: 1739:Harry Winitsky 1736: 1731: 1729:Maida Springer 1726: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1707: 1705:Tom Myerscough 1702: 1700:Jack MacDonald 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1661: 1658:Harry Goldberg 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1607: 1604: 1596:Teachers Guild 1584:Henry Linville 1576:Teachers Union 1571: 1568: 1543: 1540: 1536:Philip Zausner 1509: 1506: 1464: 1463:Office workers 1461: 1447: 1444: 1435: 1432: 1414: 1411: 1401:, head of the 1395:right Zionists 1358: 1355: 1335: 1332: 1319:Victor Reuther 1312:Victor Reuther 1284:Francis Henson 1272:William Munger 1252:General Motors 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173:September 2–4 1171: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1103:September 5–7 1101: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034:September 3–5 1032: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 995: 994: 987: 985: 982: 979: 975: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 948: 945: 905:Israel Breslow 901:Michael Bushay 893:Jack MacDonald 887: 884: 880:Youth Frontier 844:Arbeiter Kampf 791: 788: 742:Modern Monthly 706:Workers School 700: 697: 681:Troy, New York 647:, Pittsburgh, 624: 621: 599:was joined by 560: 557: 508: 505: 494:Czechoslovakia 485: 482: 438: 435: 393: 390: 329:of the CPUSA. 231:David Dubinsky 222: 219: 217: 214: 191: 190: 184: 178: 172: 141: 140: 138: 137: 132: 127: 121: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 96: 95: 90: 86: 85: 75: 71: 70: 66:November, 1929 62:November, 1929 60: 56: 55: 50: 44: 43: 35: 34: 30: 29: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3501: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3339: 3333: 3326: 3320: 3313: 3308: 3301: 3295: 3288: 3282: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3254: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3227: 3220: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3182: 3176: 3169: 3163: 3156: 3150: 3143: 3137: 3130: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3104: 3097: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3054:A Covert Life 3049: 3042: 3041:A Covert Life 3036: 3029: 3028:A Covert Life 3023: 3016: 3015:A Covert Life 3010: 3003: 3002:A Covert Life 2997: 2990: 2984: 2978:, pp. 25-257. 2977: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2932: 2930: 2922: 2916: 2909: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2845: 2839: 2832: 2826: 2819: 2813: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2792: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2758: 2756: 2739: 2735: 2728: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2666: 2651: 2649:9780824037130 2645: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2634:Dan Georgakas 2631: 2627: 2626:Mari Jo Buhle 2621: 2619: 2611: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2593: 2587: 2580: 2574: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2507: 2505: 2497: 2491: 2484: 2478: 2471: 2470:A Covert Life 2465: 2458: 2457:A Covert Life 2452: 2445: 2439: 2432: 2431:A Covert Life 2426: 2419: 2413: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2390: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2343: 2337: 2335: 2319: 2317:9780313220708 2313: 2309: 2308: 2300: 2296: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2266: 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Thomas 1288: 1279: 1254:and then at 1249: 1240:George Addes 1236:Walter Wells 1224:Homer Martin 1217: 1214:Auto workers 1163: 1143: 1118:March 27–28 1043: 990: 989:Establishes 950: 934: 914: 889: 879: 877: 872: 869:Edward Welsh 863:The party's 862: 857: 855: 850: 848: 843: 841: 836: 832: 830: 825: 821: 820: 810: 808: 802: 798: 790:Publications 784: 775: 773: 760:RCA Building 753: 750: 741: 738: 734: 722: 718:Ben Davidson 714: 702: 641:Wilkes Barre 634: 630: 626: 613: 601:Lazar Becker 588:general line 585: 574: 542: 538: 535: 529: 522: 513:Adolf Hitler 510: 502: 487: 471: 467: 462: 440: 431: 424: 411: 403: 382:Diego Rivera 373: 369: 367: 360: 356: 351: 334:Third Period 331: 307:Ellen Dawson 304: 295: 284: 282: 279: 255:Leon Trotsky 236: 206:Soviet Union 199: 194: 192: 186: 180: 174: 168: 163: 146: 144: 3431:Workers Age 3336:Alexander, 3323:Alexander, 3298:Alexander, 3257:Alexander, 3231:Workers Age 3219:Workers Age 3205:Alexander, 3192:Alexander, 3179:Alexander, 3168:Workers Age 3153:Alexander, 3140:Alexander, 3127:Alexander, 3116:Workers Age 3074:Workers Age 3070:Workers Age 3066:Workers Age 2987:Alexander, 2974:Alexander, 2961:Alexander, 2948:Alexander, 2935:Alexander, 2844:Workers Age 2608:Alexander, 2564:Alexander, 2541:Workers Age 2525:Workers Age 2512:Workers Age 2442:Alexander, 2433:pp. 128-129 2418:Workers Age 2405:Workers Age 2389:Workers Age 2251:(1923–1940) 1755:Herbert Zam 1653:Louis Corey 1531:The Forward 1280:Auto Worker 1276:Henry Kraus 1076:"About 50" 873:Negro Voice 799:Workers Age 729:trade union 677:San Antonio 669:New Bedford 616:Herbert Zam 577:Bert Miller 551:Greta Garbo 547:Gibson Girl 530:Workers Age 339:10th Plenum 210:Great Purge 202:trade union 3448:Categories 3361:7 February 2880:24 October 2780:24 October 2744:24 October 2688:24 October 2655:24 October 2630:Paul Buhle 2552:Alexander 2273:Tom Mooney 2271:(formerly 1749:Ella Wolfe 1500:, and the 1387:anarchists 1268:Studebaker 1222:president 1133:May 29–31 1023:"Over 60" 970:Delegates 801:(formerly 769:militarism 649:Fort Wayne 478:Pat Toohey 197:or "CPO." 3209:, pg. 55. 2965:, p. 255. 2897:masthead. 2612:, pg. 30. 2594:, pg. 30. 2568:, pg. 29. 2292:Footnotes 1772:Pamphlets 1637:Alex Bail 1526:Old Guard 1522:Militants 1153:July 2–4 1017:July 4–6 973:Comments 614:Finally, 443:Manhattan 386:M. N. Roy 159:communist 135:Elections 105:Communism 74:Dissolved 3340:, p. 52. 3327:, p. 51. 3196:, p. 53. 3144:, p. 50. 3131:, p. 49. 3052:Morgan, 3043:pg. 130. 3039:Morgan, 3030:pg. 128. 3026:Morgan, 3013:Morgan, 3000:Morgan, 2870:(1963). 2472:pg. 129. 2468:Morgan, 2455:Morgan, 2446:, p. 58. 2429:Morgan, 2225:(1923): 2199:See also 1961:Lambda: 1822:M.N. Roy 1570:Teachers 1558:and the 1534:and the 1508:Painters 1426:ticket. 1375:Ben Gold 1357:Furriers 1256:Chrysler 1228:Michigan 981:October 917:Montreal 708:and the 673:Hartford 661:Muskegon 543:Krokodil 515:and the 463:Bulletin 447:passport 153:(CPUSA) 100:Ideology 2265:(1934) 2177:A. R., 1484:, the 1419:Yiddish 1264:Packard 1050:1933/4 921:Toronto 744:editor 725:Marxism 693:Buffalo 665:Pontiac 657:Lansing 406:soapbox 341:of the 221:Origins 79: ( 64: ( 59:Founded 2646: 2314: 2237:(1944) 2231:(1929) 2219:(1921) 2213:(1907) 2207:(1906) 1496:, the 1260:Hudson 964:Dates 886:Canada 865:Harlem 756:fresco 691:, and 554:alive! 321:, and 48:Leader 2766:(PDF) 2730:(PDF) 2674:(PDF) 1850:Leo: 1518:Mafia 1291:Flint 1186:1940 1170:1939 1150:1938 1130:1937 1115:1937 1100:1936 1084:1935 1067:1934 1031:1932 1014:1930 998:1930 978:1929 961:Year 549:' or 517:Nazis 3363:2016 2882:2018 2782:2018 2746:2018 2690:2018 2657:2018 2644:ISBN 2325:2018 2312:ISBN 1586:and 1393:and 1391:left 1302:and 1266:and 1139:101 899:and 651:and 594:and 590:of 539:Kino 265:and 145:The 1403:CIO 1195:25 1159:29 1093:80 1059:53 1007:60 762:at 455:FBI 451:GPU 414:IWW 317:, 3450:: 2928:^ 2851:^ 2802:. 2790:^ 2772:. 2768:. 2754:^ 2736:. 2732:. 2714:^ 2680:. 2676:. 2632:; 2628:; 2617:^ 2599:^ 2532:^ 2503:^ 2396:^ 2367:^ 2349:^ 2333:^ 2109:, 2021:: 1824:: 1528:, 1504:. 1492:, 1488:, 1306:. 1262:, 1258:, 895:, 687:, 675:, 671:, 663:, 659:, 643:, 611:. 313:, 309:, 249:, 3365:. 2884:. 2804:1 2784:. 2774:1 2748:. 2738:1 2692:. 2682:1 2659:. 2327:. 1966:. 524:" 83:) 68:) 20:.

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