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on a field argent (red on silver), similar to the coat of arms of Luckau, in which the bull has gold horns and hooves, and turns his head to look at the viewer. After over 600 years it is still used today as Lower
Lusatia's coat of arms.
171:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1029:. For centuries, from as early as the Middle Ages, trade flourished, and several important trade routes ran through Lower Lusatia, connecting German states in the west, Poland in the east and Bohemia in the south.
1042:
755:. In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic. Today it is roughly congruent of the border between Brandenburg and the state of
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During the war, the Poles postulated that after the defeat of
Germany, the Sorbs should be allowed free national development either within the borders of Poland or
1450:
1208:
1587:
Rymar, Edward (1979). "Rywalizacja o ziemię lubuską i kasztelanię międzyrzecką w latach 1319–1326, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem stosunków pomorsko-śląskch".
1316:
792:, some now exhausted open-pit mines are being converted into artificial lakes, in the hope of attracting tourism, and the area is now referred to as the
1965:
778:, by which more than 100 of the region's villages—many of them within the Sorbian settlement area—were damaged or destroyed, especially by order of
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1573:
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1017:, also received the March of Lusatia. In the early 13th century, Lower Lusatia was either entirely or partly, reintegrated with Poland under
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In the course of much of the 19th and the entire 20th century, Lower
Lusatia was shaped by the lignite (brown coal) industry and extensive
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often traveled the route. Numerous Polish dignitaries also traveled through Lower
Lusatia on several occasions, and some
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1623:
Pieradzka, Krystyna (1948). "Historyczny rozwój zachodniej granicy
Dolnego Śląska do początku czasów nowożytnych".
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The Lower
Lusatian bull is first documented in 1363. In 1378, upon the death of Emperor Charles IV, it appeared in
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1078:. From 1364, entire Lower Lusatia was ruled by the Duchy of Jawor-Świdnica, and after the death of Duke
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1729:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 211–212, 235, 405–406.
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367:
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Orzechowski, Marian (1976). "Kwestia serbołużycka w polskiej myśli politycznej w latach 1939–1947".
1638:
1335:, the prisoners of which included Jewish women and Polish, French, Soviet, Croatian and Czech men.
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located in various towns in the region. Polish-Sorbian contacts increased in that period. With the
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The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
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owned estates in
Lusatia. A distinct remnant of the region's ties to Poland are the 18th-century
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subcamps in the region, several Nazi prisons with multiple forced labour subcamps, including in
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Umiński, Janusz (1998). "Losy internowanych na
Pomorzu żołnierzy powstania listopadowego".
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Chronik der Stadt Senftenberg und der zum ehemaligen Amte Senftenberg gehörigen Ortschaften
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In the interbellum, the Poles and Sorbs in Germany closely cooperated as part of the
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Pieradzka, Krystyna (1949). "Związki handlowe Łużyc ze Śląskiem w dawnych wiekach".
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1311:, Belgian, Serbian, British, Australian, New Zealander, Soviet, American, Dutch and
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Matyniak, Alojzy S. (1968). "Kontakty kulturalne polsko-serbołużyckie w XVIII w.".
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Main museums dedicated to the history of the region include the Sorbian museum in
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Monument to the veterans of the fights for Poland's freedom and independence in
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in 1924. There were still notable Polish communities in Lower Lusatia, such as
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river became again part of Poland, and the remaining German population was
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authorities. While this process is still going on, most notably around
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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by the Soviet-installed Communist authorities in accordance with the
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in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic
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1714:(in Polish). Opole: Związek Polaków w Niemczech. 1939. p. 364.
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Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
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In 1319, the southern portion of Lower Lusatia with the towns of
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had already acquired the adjacent territory to the south around
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formed separate Bohemian crown lands under the rule of the
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to this template: there are already 1,888 articles in the
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Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland
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and meadows. In the north it is confined by the middle
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ran through the region in the 18th century and Kings
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Since 1945, when a small part of Lusatia east of the
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Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl
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Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl
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was acquired by Brandenburg in 1455 and remained an
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747:(literally "border dike", although it is in fact a
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1209:coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
960:rivers, which about 965 was severed from the vast
918:has been touted as the capital of Polish Lusatia.
1932:
1441:area is the place of cultivation of the gubinka
1164:. The Bohemian era came to an end when Emperor
1417:("Museum of Silesian-Lusatian Borderland") in
1234:, whereafter the territory became part of the
1062:-ruled Poland. In the northern part, in 1319,
333:From top, left to right: Old Market Square in
206:accompanying your translation by providing an
151:Click for important translation instructions.
138:expand this article with text translated from
1263:Association of National Minorities in Germany
1456:
1826:
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1160:the vast majority of the population turned
1074:. In 1324, the northern part passed to the
1058:, the southwesternmost duchy of fragmented
974:in the course of his campaigns against the
1700:(in Polish). No. 4 (250). p. 16.
1627:(in Polish). No. 7–8. pp. 67–68.
1572:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1093:Lower (green) and Upper Lusatia (yellow),
1622:
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815:Today the area comprises the Brandenburg
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1966:Former duchies of the Kingdom of Bohemia
1663:
1389:
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1109:who incorporated Lower Lusatia into the
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751:ridge), the eastern continuation of the
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658:and its eastern continuation across the
634:This sparsely inhabited area within the
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1265:, established at the initiative of the
766:Recultivation and flooding of a former
579:, stretching from the southeast of the
16:Historical region in Germany and Poland
1933:
1183:One of the two main routes connecting
725:. In the west the course of the upper
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1829:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
1666:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
1589:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
1586:
1562:(in Polish). Petersburg. p. 142.
1002:reconquered the territories in 1031.
1553:
1551:
1066:was unsuccessfully besieged by King
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1539:
1415:Muzeum Pogranicza Śląsko-Łużyckiego
994:, which did not end until the 1018
721:forms the border with the lands of
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14:
1982:
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1544:(in German). Dresden. p. 67.
1323:and a prison solely for women in
1176:in return for his support in the
1674:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
1597:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
1479:Lower Lusatian Ridge Nature Park
1474:Lower Lusatian Heath Nature Park
1226:it had to cede Lower Lusatia to
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1333:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1168:ceded the Lusatias to Elector
345:Holy Heart of Jesus Church in
216:You may also add the template
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1946:Historical regions in Germany
1803:"Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen"
1712:Leksykon Polactwa w Niemczech
1558:Bogusławski, Wilhelm (1861).
1496:
1137:within the Bohemian kingdom.
1070:, and eventually fell to the
809:House of the Estates Assembly
733:separates it from the former
717:down to the historic town of
1951:Historical regions in Poland
1449:officially protected by the
1429:Żary is the origin place of
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7:
1971:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
1560:Rys dziejów serbo-łużyckich
1484:
694:tributaries as well as the
686:. Other rivers include the
188:will aid in categorization.
10:
1987:
1424:
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921:
163:Machine translation, like
1777:"Frauenzuchthaus Cottbus"
1540:Paulitz, Johann Gottlob.
1491:List of regions of Saxony
1457:Nature reserves and parks
1267:Union of Poles in Germany
1129:. The former Lordship of
1097:, early 18th century map.
784:Jänschwalde Power Station
552:[ˈdɛlnʲaˈwuʒitsa]
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1639:"Informacja historyczna"
1353:, the lands east of the
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1125:, which became known as
1107:Charles IV of Luxembourg
1072:Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg
539:[ˈdɔlnaˈwuʒɨtsa]
1274:
1236:Province of Brandenburg
1170:John George I of Saxony
1113:. Charles' father King
1051:
930:Reconstructed Lusatian
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227:For more guidance, see
1956:Regions of Brandenburg
1837:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
1601:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
1510:STOLICA POLSKICH ŁUŻYC
1469:Lusatian Lake District
1411:Serbski muzej Chóśebuz
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1193:Augustus II the Strong
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229:Knowledge:Translation
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1941:Geography of Lusatia
1529:(4). Wrocław: 89–91.
1213:Age of Enlightenment
1076:House of Wittelsbach
636:North European Plain
587:to the southwest of
43:improve this article
1913: /
1397:(Sorbian Museum in
1207:decorated with the
1105:sold it to Emperor
966:, conquered by the
950:Saxon Eastern March
1751:"Zuchthaus Luckau"
1433:, a local type of
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1351:Potsdam Conference
1315:POWs with several
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1240:Province of Saxony
1232:Congress of Vienna
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208:interlanguage link
1961:Regions of Saxony
1851:"Kiełbasa żarska"
1736:978-0-253-06089-1
1625:Przegląd Zachodni
1465:biosphere reserve
1447:traditional foods
1363:Potsdam Agreement
1244:November Uprising
1220:Kingdom of Saxony
1178:Thirty Years' War
1082:it passed to the
1050:, Lower Sorbian:
1019:Henry the Bearded
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1340:Czechoslovakia
1327:, and several
1152:and—from 1526—
1111:Bohemian Crown
1056:Duchy of Jawor
1013:, margrave of
976:Polabian Slavs
936:of Raduš near
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629:Hohenleipisch
627:Meadows near
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548:Delnja Łužica
545:
544:Upper Sorbian
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531:Lower Sorbian
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527:Niederlausitz
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249:Lower Lusatia
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182:main category
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136:You can help
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
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21:
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1880:
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1373:Coat of arms
1367:East Germany
1349:by the 1945
1344:
1337:
1307:for Polish,
1297:World War II
1294:
1260:
1250:led through
1230:in the 1815
1217:
1182:
1139:
1100:
1031:
1004:
961:
952:between the
943:
931:
905:
865:Finsterwalde
814:
808:
797:
787:
773:
743:
715:Krzystkowice
704:
633:
569:Dolní Lužice
561:Łużyce Dolne
535:Dolna Łužyca
513:
512:
444:
437:Largest city
382:Coat of arms
270:Dolní Lužice
269:
266:Łużyce Dolne
265:
261:
258:Dolna Łužyca
257:
253:
204:edit summary
195:
175:
147:(March 2009)
145:
137:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1920: /
1883:(in Polish)
1857:(in Polish)
1783:(in German)
1757:(in German)
1645:(in Polish)
1301:Oflag III-C
1158:Reformation
1086:(Czechia).
1052:Zły Komorow
1048:Senftenberg
1038:Komorów Zły
1027:Brandenburg
889:Senftenberg
881:Lauchhammer
837:Elbe-Elster
825:Spree-Neiße
780:East German
709:River from
664:Fürstenberg
585:Brandenburg
1935:Categories
1887:25 October
1861:25 October
1839:: 380–381.
1812:25 October
1787:25 October
1761:25 October
1649:22 October
1497:References
1413:) and the
1277:, Polish:
1162:Protestant
1146:Luxembourg
933:stronghold
845:Oder-Spree
648:heathlands
69:newspapers
1917:52°N 14°E
1568:cite book
1463:Spreewald
1271:Klettwitz
1205:mileposts
1150:Jagiellon
1043:‹See Tfd›
1000:Conrad II
940:(Wětošow)
893:Spremberg
827:with the
817:districts
811:in Lübben
786:, run by
744:Grenzwall
737:lands of
680:Spreewald
646:forests,
619:Geography
583:state of
519:‹See Tfd›
453:Time zone
407:Countries
222:talk page
174:Consider
142:in German
1485:See also
1435:kiełbasa
1359:expelled
1329:subcamps
1279:Kletwice
1275:Klěśišća
1238:and the
1224:Napoleon
1154:Habsburg
1142:Lusatias
1046:German:
1023:Ascanian
1005:In 1136
984:margrave
938:Vetschau
897:Vetschau
885:Lübbenau
855:include
749:morainic
698:and the
696:Schlaube
668:Chlebowo
490:Highways
445:Chóśebuz
198:provide
1523:Sobótka
1445:, both
1425:Cuisine
1407:Cottbus
1399:Cottbus
1386:Culture
1331:of the
1325:Cottbus
1313:Italian
1295:During
1228:Prussia
1218:As the
1189:Dresden
1135:exclave
1131:Cottbus
1123:Görlitz
1119:Bautzen
1015:Meissen
1009:of the
988:Gero II
922:History
833:Cottbus
768:lignite
676:Cottbus
571:) is a
441:Cottbus
419:Germany
335:Cottbus
220:to the
202:in the
144:.
83:scholar
1922:52; 14
1733:
1676:: 243.
1603:: 479.
1355:Neisse
1321:Luckau
1309:French
1256:Luckau
1252:Lübben
1185:Warsaw
1103:Otto V
970:count
912:Poland
899:, and
853:Luckau
849:Lübben
843:, and
757:Saxony
731:Golßen
711:Łagoda
688:Berste
672:Lübben
613:Polish
593:Poland
581:German
557:Polish
523:German
431:Poland
428:
416:
401:(1618)
353:Lübben
341:Luckau
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1670:XXIII
1593:XXXIV
1439:Gubin
1379:gules
1140:Both
1064:Gubin
1060:Piast
1040:(now
980:Odo I
968:Saxon
954:Saale
877:Gubin
873:Guben
869:Forst
857:Calau
727:Dahme
692:Oelse
652:Spree
601:Sorbs
565:Czech
479:UTC+2
458:UTC+1
165:DeepL
90:JSTOR
76:books
1908:14°E
1905:52°N
1889:2023
1863:2023
1833:XXXI
1814:2023
1789:2023
1763:2023
1731:ISBN
1651:2023
1574:link
1443:plum
1419:Żary
1254:and
1195:and
1187:and
1121:and
1036:and
1034:Żary
972:Gero
958:Bóbr
956:and
916:Żary
901:Żary
851:and
823:and
719:Żary
713:via
707:Bóbr
690:and
674:and
660:Oder
644:pine
611:and
483:CEST
372:Flag
347:Żary
196:must
194:You
158:View
62:news
1281:).
948:or
831:of
819:of
800:).
789:EPH
666:to
662:at
591:in
575:in
472:DST
462:CET
167:or
45:by
1937::
1879:.
1853:.
1805:.
1779:.
1753:.
1641:.
1570:}}
1566:{{
1550:^
1527:IV
1453:.
1421:.
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859:,
839:,
759:.
615:.
567::
563:;
559::
555:;
546::
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533::
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268:,
264:,
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1865:.
1816:.
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87:·
80:·
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39:.
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