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The graphic presents the present-day annual mean surface omega calcite: the normalised saturation state of calcite. Areas with a value less an 1 indicate a likeliness for dissolution (undersaturated) while a value over 1 indicates areas less likely for dissolution
117:
saturation state of seawater. The calcite saturation horizon is where Ω =1; dissolution proceeds slowly below this depth. The lysocline is the depth that this dissolution impacts is again notable, also known as the inflection point with sedimentary
59:, content values reaching 85–95%. This area is then spanned hundreds of meters by the transition zone, ending in the abyssal depths with 0% concentration. The lysocline is the upper bound of the transition zone, where amounts of CaCO
55:
content in sediment varies with different depths of the ocean, spanned by levels of separation known as the transition zone. In the mid-depth area of the ocean, sediments are rich in CaCO
48:
increases dramatically because of a pressure effect. While the lysocline is the upper bound of this transition zone of calcite saturation, the CCD is the lower bound of this zone.
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The depth of the CCD varies as a function of the chemical composition of the seawater and its temperature. Specifically, it is the deep waters that are undersaturated with
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content are values 2–10%. Hence, the lysocline and CCD are not equivalent. The lysocline and compensation depth occur at greater depths in the
416:
Volat, J. L.; Pastouret, L.; V. G., Colette (1980). "Dissolution and carbonate fluctuations in
Pleistocene deep-sea cores: A review".
134:(CCD) occurs at the depth that the rate of calcite to the sediments is balanced with the dissolution flux, the depth at which the CaCO
94:, calcite solubility increases, causing supersaturated water above the saturation depth, allowing for preservation and burial of CaCO
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Shiraiwa, Y. (2003). "Physiological regulation of carbon fixation in the photosynthesis and calcification of coccolithophorids".
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183:
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37:
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Zeebe, R. E. (2012). "History of
Seawater Carbonate Chemistry, Atmospheric CO2, and Ocean Acidification".
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on the seafloor. However, this creates undersaturated seawater below the saturation depth, preventing CaCO
301:
Sigman, D. M.; Boyle, E. A. (2000). "Glacial/interglacial variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide".
214:
19:
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continues to increase, the CCD can be expected to decrease in depth, as the ocean's acidity rises.
90:) die, they tend to fall downwards without dissolving. As depth and pressure increases within the
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Depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically
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Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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primarily because its solubility increases strongly with increasing pressure and
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459:
Broecker, W. S. (2009). "Wally's Quest to
Understand the Ocean's CaCO3 Cycle".
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content begins to noticeably drop from the mid-depth 85–95% sediment. The CaCO
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Broecker, W. S. (2003), Holland, Heinrich D.; Turekian, Karl K. (eds.),
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and decreasing temperature. As the atmospheric concentration of
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at the lower bound, known as the calcite compensation depth.
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86:(which often have shells made of calcite or its polymorph,
40:(CCD), usually around 5 km, below which the rate of
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367:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
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146:(4000–5000 m), and at greater depths in
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106:as the shells start to dissolve.
215:"6.19 – The Oceanic CaCO3 Cycle"
461:Annual Review of Marine Science
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227:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/06119-3
221:, Pergamon, pp. 529–549,
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269:10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00221-5
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122:versus various water depths.
438:10.1016/0025-3227(80)90138-3
184:Carbonate compensation depth
38:carbonate compensation depth
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142:(5000–6000 m) than in the
132:calcite compensation depth
126:Calcite compensation depth
219:Treatise on Geochemistry
109:The equation Ω = X /K'
25:
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67:content drops to 0%
32:is the depth in the
473:2009ARMS....1....1B
430:1980MGeol..34....1V
379:2012AREPS..40..141Z
315:2000Natur.407..859S
189:Ocean acidification
36:dependent upon the
148:equatorial regions
113:expresses the CaCO
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309:(6806): 859–869.
159:calcium carbonate
24:(oversaturation).
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84:marine organisms
78:in calcite, CaCO
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179:Biological pump
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418:Marine Geology
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373:(1): 141–165.
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263:(4): 775–783.
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530:Oceanography
525:Geochemistry
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92:water column
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467:(1): 1–18.
424:(1): 1–28.
42:dissolution
519:Categories
242:2019-10-17
195:References
489:1941-1405
446:0025-3227
395:0084-6597
331:1476-4687
277:1096-4959
104:sea floor
88:aragonite
30:lysocline
505:45348785
497:21141027
403:18682623
339:11057657
285:14662302
173:See also
163:salinity
150:than in
140:Atlantic
469:Bibcode
426:Bibcode
375:Bibcode
347:7136822
311:Bibcode
144:Pacific
46:calcite
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303:Nature
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501:S2CID
399:S2CID
343:S2CID
34:ocean
493:PMID
485:ISSN
442:ISSN
391:ISSN
335:PMID
327:ISSN
281:PMID
273:ISSN
231:ISBN
130:The
118:CaCO
51:CaCO
28:The
477:doi
434:doi
383:doi
319:doi
307:407
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261:136
223:doi
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