42:
570:, who was impressed by the piece. (At the time of writing, only Beethoven's Symphonies Nos. 1 and 2 had been performed in France.) His other symphonies also followed German and Austrian models. Commenting after the premiere of his first symphony, he noted: "I understood all the dangers of my enterprise; I foresaw the cautious welcome that the music-lovers would give my symphonies. I plan to write new ones for next winter and shall try to write them… to accustom the public gradually to think that a Frenchman may follow Haydn and Mozart at a distance."
370:
pleasure. He was convinced that musical expressiveness is a lovely flower, delicate and rare, of exquisite fragrance, which does not bloom without culture, and which a breath can wither; that it does not dwell in melody alone, but that everything concurs either to create or destroy it – melody, harmony, modulation, rhythm, instrumentation, the choice of deep or high registers for the voices or instruments, a quick or slow tempo, and the several degrees of volume in the sound emitted.
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958:, baritone; Orchestre d'Harmonie des Gardiens de la Paix de Paris; Claude Pichaureau, conductor; Chœur de l'Armée Française; Serge Zapolski, chorus-master; Chorale a Chœur Joie la Gondoire; Daniel Catenne, chorus-master; Chorale Populaire de Paris; Jean-Claude Chambard, chorus-master. Musifrance, n.d.
369:
was fully convinced that in truly dramatic music, when the importance of the situation deserves the sacrifice, the composer should not hesitate as between a pretty musical effect that is foreign to the scenic or dramatic character, and a series of accents that are true but do not yield any surface
186:, into rehearsal in June 1789. However, the rehearsals were abandoned on 8 August, probably because the Opéra had been suffering severe financial difficulties throughout the 1780s, and the opera was not premiered until 1791. In the meantime, Méhul found an ideal collaborator in the librettist
486:("The Angry Man"), a one-act comedy premiered as the work of the Italian composer "Fiorelli" in 1801. When it became an immediate success, Méhul revealed the hoax he had played. Méhul also continued to compose works in a more serious vein.
573:
A fifth symphony was never completed—"as disillusionment and tuberculosis took their toll", in the words of David
Charlton. The Symphonies Nos. 3 and 4 were only rediscovered by Charlton in 1979. Interviewed 8 November 2010 on the
297:, and Joseph's younger brother. He played a major role in his nephew's musical education and career; counting him among his pupils at the Conservatoire de Paris. After his death, Daussoigne-Méhul completed Méhul's unfinished opera
142:
to Jean-François Méhul, a wine merchant, and his wife Marie-Cécile (née Keuly). His first music lessons came from a blind local organist. When he showed promise, he was sent to study with a German musician and organist,
437:. As in many of his other operas, Mehul makes use of a structural device called the "reminiscence motif", a musical theme associated with a particular character or idea in the opera. This device looks forward to the
496:
and his brothers, is the most famous of these later operas, but its success in France was short-lived. In
Germany, however, it won many admirers throughout the nineteenth century, including Wagner. A melody from
818:, baritone; Frédéric Vassar, Philippe Jorquera, basses; Abbi Patrix, speaker; Ensemble choral "Intermezzo"; Orchestre régional de Picardie "Le Sinfonietta"; Claude Bardon, conductor. Chant du monde, c. 1989.
169:. Méhul's first published composition was a book of piano pieces in 1783. He also arranged airs from popular operas and by the late 1780s he had begun to think about an operatic career for himself.
196:. Its premiere in 1790 was an immense success and marked the composer out as a new talent. It was also the start of his long relationship with the Comédie Italienne theatre (soon to be renamed the
1296:
800:. Gabrielle Philiponet, Philippe Do, Marc Barrard, Philippe Talbot, Nicolas Courjal, Jean Teigen, Jennifer Borghi, György Vashegyi (dir.), Orfeo Orchestra, Purcell Choir. Bru Zane, 2014.
274:
in 1811 was a severe blow and virtually ended his career as a composer for the theatre. Despite his friendship with
Napoleon, Méhul's public standing survived the transition to the
1166:
344:
direction, showing an increased use of dissonance and an interest in psychological states such as anger and jealousy, thus foreshadowing later
Romantic composers such as
324:
Méhul's most important contribution to music was his operas. He led the generation of composers who emerged in France in the 1790s, which included his friend and rival
886:
Mélidore et
Phrosine; Ariodant; Joseph; Horatius Coclès; Bion; Le jeune sage et le vieux fou; Le trésor supposé; Les deux aveugles de Tolède; La chasse du jeune Henri.
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calls it "Mehul's best work of the decade and a highpoint of
Revolutionary opera". It deals with the same tale of passion and jealousy as Handel's 1735 opera
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388:(Young Henri's Hunt) provides a more humorous example, with its expanded horn section portraying yelping hounds as well as giving hunting calls. (Sir
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794:. Karine Deshayes, Yann Beuron, Jean-Sébastien Bou, Christophe Rousset (conductor), Les Talens Lyriques, Chœur de chambre de Namur. Bru Zane, 2017.
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Méhul's operatic success was not as great in the first decade of the nineteenth century as it had been in the 1790s, although works such as
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41:
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Besides operas, Méhul composed a number of songs for the festivals of the republic (often commissioned by the emperor
Napoleon),
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340:(a genre which mixed music with spoken dialogue and was not necessarily at all "comic" in mood). But he pushed music in a more
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Méhul's main musical concern was that everything should serve to increase the dramatic impact. As his admirer
Berlioz wrote:
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Cf. footnote 41 of the
Preface by David Charlton in his critical edition of the score of the G minor symphony published by
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One way in which Méhul increased dramatic expressivity was to experiment with orchestration. For example, in
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2002:
154:, at the monastery of Lavaldieu, a few miles from Givet. Here Méhul developed his lifelong love of flowers.
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Around 1800, the popularity of such stormy dramas began to wane, replaced by a fashion for the lighter
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948:. Turk, Auvity, Courtin, Buet, Chamber Choir Bonn, L'arte del mondo, Walter Ehrhardt. Capriccio, 2006.
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Mehul's First
Symphony (1808) is notable for its dissonant and violent mood, and has been compared to
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868:, Beuron, Lescoart, Daymond, Corona Coloniensis, Cappella Coloniensis, William Christie, Erato 1996.
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Le chant du départ; Chant Funèbre à la Mémoire de Féraud; Hymne pour la Fête des Epoux; Ouverture.
17:
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is very similar to a popular folk melody widely known in Germany which was used as a song in the
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for political reasons the year after that, Méhul consolidated his reputation with works such as
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464:. In addition, Mehul's friend Napoleon told him he preferred a more comic style of opera. As a
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programme, Professor Charlton said that Méhul's 4th Symphony was the first ever to employ the
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1992:
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229:, Méhul composed many patriotic songs and propaganda pieces, the most famous of which is the
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427:, though a failure at its premiere in 1799, has come in for particular praise from critics.
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515:. It is unclear, however, whether Méhul's melody was the actual provenance of the melody.
352:. Indeed, Méhul was the first composer to be styled a Romantic; a critic used the term in
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2018:
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Booklet notes by David Charlton to the recording "The Complete Symphonies" (Nimbus, 1989)
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opp. 1 (Nos. 1–3) & 2 (Nos. 4–6). Brigitte Haudebourg, piano. Arcobaleno, c. 1990.
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844:). Lisbon Gulbenkian Foundation Orchestra, Michel Swierczewski. Nimbus Records, 1992.
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830:. Chœur et Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse; Michel Plasson, conductor. EMI, 1990.
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Symphony No. 5 (1810, only the first movement survives; incomplete and unperformed)
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periods. He was known as "the most important opera composer in France during the
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538:, written in the same year. Taking inspiration from the more anguished works of
178:, which had been rejected by Gluck in 1785. The Académie royale de musique (the
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Booklet notes by Ates Orga to the recording of Méhul's "Overtures" (ASV, 2002).
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268:(1807) became famous abroad, particularly in Germany. The failure of his opera
264:
235:. Méhul was rewarded by becoming the first composer named to the newly founded
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Notes on the Symphony No. 1 by Herbert Glass, Los Angeles Philharmonic Website
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Chant national du 14 juillet 1800; Hymne à la raison; Le chant du départ
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had written for Paris in the 1770s and applied Gluck's "reforms" to
98:; 22 June 1763 – 18 October 1817) was a French composer of the late
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1659:
1462:
954:
Edwige Perfetti, soprano; Tibère Raffali, Christian Papis, tenors;
915:
419:
244:
139:
1133:
Broderick, George (1995), "Das Horst-Wessel-Lied: A Reappraisal",
254:
239:
in 1795. He also held a post as one of the five inspectors of the
46:
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2180:
898:), two versions of the work in German both recorded in 1955: (a)
524:
465:
349:
1311:
172:
In 1787, the writer Valadier offered Méhul one of his libretti,
3495:
858:. Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Sir Thomas Beecham. Sony, 2002.
551:
543:
468:, Napoleon's cultural background was Italian, and he loved the
3183:
1191:
Le Fer et les Fleurs : Etienne-Nicolas Méhul (1763–1817)
539:
333:
135:
115:
76:
61:
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701:
Chant lyrique pour l'inauguration de la statue de Napoléon
527:, and five symphonies in the years 1797 and 1808 to 1810.
293:
In 1797 Méhul adopted his seven-year-old nephew, composer
278:
intact. However, the composer was now seriously ill with
157:
In 1778 or 1779 he went to Paris and began to study with
1003:
Searle, Arthur (1991), "Manuscripts and printed music",
1234:
David Charlton, chapter on "French Opera 1800–1850" in
1047:
5621:
453:("cry of fury"), expressing the emotion of jealousy.
307:
in 1822. He also wrote new recitatives for his opera
247:
and became one of the first Frenchmen to receive the
888:
Orchestre de Bretagne, Stefan Sanderling, ASV, 2003.
118:, written in keeping with the reforms introduced by
110:". He was also the first composer to be called a "
1247:by M.Elizabeth C. Bartlet (Pendragon Press, 1997)
392:frequently programmed this piece to showcase the
332:. Méhul followed the example of the operas which
5681:
282:and he died on 18 October 1817. His grave is at
1038:General biography from Bartlet (1997) pp.vii-ix
836:(Symphonies Nos. 1–4; including the Ouvertures
1297:Biography and Works, France Diplomatie Culture
1101:
1099:
635:Symphony in C (1797, only parts are surviving)
3199:
2196:
1675:
1327:
1241:Introduction to the edition of Méhul's opera
814:, Antoine Normand, Philippe Pistole, tenors;
750:
518:
311:in 1821 for a revival of that work in Paris.
771:
757:
726:
716:
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689:
679:
669:
1193:(Actes Sud & Palazzetto Bru Zane, 2017)
1096:
681:Messe Solennelle pour soli, chœurs et orgue
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1682:
1668:
1334:
1320:
1307:Berlioz and Méhul, The Hector Berlioz Site
1189:Alexandre Dratwicki & Etienne Jardin,
810:, soprano; Brigitte Lafon, mezzo-soprano;
566:in 1838 and 1846 to an audience including
550:and later Paris Symphonies of 1785–86 and
40:
1262:International Music Score Library Project
1132:
558:(K. 550, 1788), it was revived in one of
632:Ouverture pour instruments à vent (1794)
253:
5780:Directors of the Conservatoire de Paris
1236:The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera
356:on 1 April 1793 when reviewing Méhul's
14:
5770:Members of the Académie des beaux-arts
5682:
1002:
738:(1810) (together with music by Haydn,
5785:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
5553:Romanticism and the French Revolution
3187:
2184:
1663:
1315:
93:
1689:
1227:David Charlton, section on Méhul in
691:Chant du retour pour la Grande Armée
399:Méhul's key works of the 1790s were
182:) put Méhul's work, under the title
114:". He is known particularly for his
3062:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle
878:, Marc Minkowski, Erato/Apex, 2003.
641:Symphony No. 2 in D major (1808/09)
638:Symphony No. 1 in G minor (1808/09)
623:
243:. Méhul was on friendly terms with
24:
5790:19th-century French male musicians
5715:18th-century French male musicians
2210:
1041:
936:Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra
165:player and friend of Méhul's idol
25:
5806:
5745:French Classical-period composers
5740:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
1341:
1251:
616:3 Sonates for Piano, op. 2 (1788)
613:3 Sonates for Piano, op. 1 (1783)
492:, based on the Biblical story of
286:, near the grave of the composer
5730:19th-century classical composers
5705:18th-century classical composers
5667:
5655:
5643:
5631:
5606:
5605:
3167:
3158:
3157:
2164:
2155:
2154:
1646:
1645:
1222:Berlioz: the Making of an Artist
1207:, translated by Jacques Barzun (
1167:"MEHUL: Symphonies Nos. 1 and 2"
647:Symphony No. 4 in E major (1810)
644:Symphony No. 3 in C major (1809)
591:
449:, the reminiscence motif is the
5765:Knights of the Legion of Honour
3213:
1700:List of Classical-era composers
1159:
1146:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1087:
1078:
603:List of operas by Étienne Méhul
1069:
1060:
1032:
1023:
996:
987:
978:
969:
942:, Alfons Rischner. Gala, 2004.
785:
654:
13:
1:
5795:Tuberculosis deaths in France
5735:19th-century French composers
5710:18th-century French composers
5576:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
1391:Le jeune sage et le vieux fou
1135:International Folklore Review
1048:Denis Havard de la Montagne.
962:
359:Le jeune sage et le vieux fou
5775:Prix de Rome for composition
1282:Choral Public Domain Library
1278:Free scores by Étienne Méhul
1258:Free scores by Etienne Méhul
1238:ed. Roger Parker (OUP, 1994)
607:
564:Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra
7:
5755:French male opera composers
3105:Gothic Revival architecture
1550:Les deux aveugles de Tolède
1209:University of Chicago Press
1205:Evenings with the Orchestra
1029:Adélaïde de Place pp. 27–28
984:Cairns p. 220; Orga (2002).
596:
207:in 1791 and the banning of
203:In spite of the failure of
10:
5811:
5493:Coleridge's theory of life
3046:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik
2221:List of Romantic composers
1183:
993:Adélaïde de Place pp. 8–11
926:; (b) Alexander Welitsch,
751:Incidental music for plays
709:
629:Ouverture burlesque (1794)
600:
519:Symphonies and other works
5760:French Romantic composers
5585:
5548:Romanticism and economics
5485:
5377:
5124:
4946:
4891:
4860:
4784:
4733:
4682:
4641:
4550:
4494:
4458:
4412:
4403:
4248:
4192:
4141:
4100:
4059:
4013:
3955:
3825:
3704:
3626:
3563:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
3545:
3536:
3422:
3290:
3221:
3137:
3082:
3027:
2961:
2940:
2227:
2218:
2134:
2089:
2068:
2032:
2011:
1706:
1697:
1643:
1624:
1526:Le baiser et la quittance
1471:La taupe et les papillons
1358:
1349:
1200:(Bleu Nuit Éditeur, 2005)
1050:"Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul"
462:François-Adrien Boieldieu
319:
167:Christoph Willibald Gluck
120:Christoph Willibald Gluck
73:18 October 1817 (aged 54)
69:
54:
39:
32:
3328:German historical school
3067:Tchaikovsky and The Five
1606:La journée aux aventures
1017:10.1093/earlyj/xix.2.269
848:La Chasse du jeune Henri
838:La Chasse du jeune Henri
386:La chasse du jeune Henri
314:
5720:French ballet composers
3975:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
876:Les Musiciens du Louvre
834:The Complete Symphonies
480:. Méhul responded with
328:and his outright enemy
303:which premiered at the
295:Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul
188:François-Benoît Hoffman
129:
124:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
5750:French opera composers
5558:Romanticism in science
5513:Middle Ages in history
5508:List of Romantic poets
4220:Josiah Gilbert Holland
3090:Common practice period
2097:Common practice period
1229:The Viking Opera Guide
1224:(André Deutsch, 1989).
1093:Charlton (1994) p. 127
1084:Charlton (1993) p. 644
930:, Bernhard Michaelis,
872:Symphonies Nos 1 and 2
772:
758:
727:
717:
700:
690:
680:
670:
380:, an opera set in the
372:
330:Jean-François Le Sueur
288:François Joseph Gossec
284:Père Lachaise Cemetery
259:
258:Méhul's grave in Paris
241:Conservatoire de Paris
159:Jean-Frédéric Edelmann
5528:Romantic epistemology
5518:Opium and Romanticism
4087:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
3313:Counter-Enlightenment
2060:Turkish music (style)
1714:First Viennese School
1198:Étienne Nicolas Méhul
918:and orchestra of the
562:'s concerts with the
460:of composers such as
382:Highlands of Scotland
367:
354:La chronique de Paris
257:
87:Étienne Nicolas Méhul
5592:Age of Enlightenment
3234:England (literature)
3127:Romantic nationalism
3073:War of the Romantics
2107:Age of Enlightenment
1590:Le prince troubadour
1542:L'heureux malgré lui
1415:Mélidore et Phrosine
1271:has compositions by
765:Marie-Joseph Chénier
718:Le jugement de Pâris
503:Imperial German Navy
445:'s music dramas. In
414:Mélidore et Phrosine
222:Mélidore et Phrosine
5725:Composers for piano
5543:Romantic psychology
3338:Hudson River School
3282:Sweden (literature)
3267:Russia (literature)
3122:Musical nationalism
3040:Musical nationalism
2019:Classical orchestra
1558:Gabrielle d'Estrées
1399:Le congrès des rois
1288:A portrait of Méhul
1172:Naxos Music Library
736:Persée et Andromède
671:Chant des victoires
619:Fierement for Piano
276:Bourbon Restoration
3528:White Mountain art
3469:Historical fiction
3277:Spain (literature)
3035:Indianist movement
2953:Romantic orchestra
1614:Valentine de Milan
1196:Adélaïde de Place
1154:A-R Editions, Inc.
956:Gilles Cachemaille
900:Alexander Welitsch
586:cyclical principle
546:, such as Haydn's
472:of composers like
394:Royal Philharmonic
300:Valentine de Milan
260:
237:Institut de France
134:Méhul was born at
5700:People from Givet
5619:
5618:
5533:Romantic medicine
5503:List of romantics
4942:
4941:
4593:Felix Mendelssohn
4588:Fanny Mendelssohn
4399:
4398:
4113:Rosalía de Castro
4051:Soares dos Passos
3399:Transcendentalism
3363:Nazarene movement
3323:Düsseldorf School
3181:
3180:
3052:New German School
2647:Felix Mendelssohn
2642:Fanny Mendelssohn
2178:
2177:
1657:
1656:
1518:Le trésor supposé
1292:Antoine-Jean Gros
932:Friederike Sailer
924:Wilhelm Schüchter
912:Ursula Zollenkopf
896:Joseph in Ägypten
852:Le Trésor supposé
842:Le Trésor supposé
560:Felix Mendelssohn
512:Horst-Wessel-Lied
429:Elizabeth Bartlet
227:French Revolution
84:
83:
16:(Redirected from
5802:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5648:
5647:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5627:
5609:
5608:
5568:Evolution theory
4410:
4409:
3543:
3542:
3404:Ukrainian school
3208:
3201:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3171:
3161:
3160:
3057:Post-romanticism
2922:Vaughan Williams
2205:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2168:
2158:
2157:
1691:Classical period
1684:
1677:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1648:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1231:ed.Holden (1993)
1177:
1176:
1163:
1157:
1156:, Madison, 1985.
1150:
1144:
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1103:
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991:
985:
982:
976:
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775:
761:
730:
720:
703:
693:
683:
673:
624:Orchestral music
249:Légion d'honneur
153:
97:
92:
44:
30:
29:
21:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5668:
5666:
5656:
5654:
5642:
5638:Classical music
5632:
5630:
5622:
5620:
5615:
5614:
5603:
5595:
5581:
5538:Romantic poetry
5523:Romantic ballet
5498:German idealism
5481:
5447:Lacoue-Labarthe
5373:
5120:
4938:
4887:
4856:
4837:Rimsky-Korsakov
4780:
4729:
4678:
4637:
4546:
4490:
4454:
4395:
4244:
4188:
4137:
4096:
4055:
4009:
3951:
3892:Maria Edgeworth
3828:
3821:
3700:
3622:
3532:
3511:Romantic genius
3441:Gesamtkunstwerk
3418:
3379:Sturm und Drang
3286:
3217:
3212:
3182:
3177:
3154:
3150:Modernist music
3146:
3143:Classical music
3133:
3078:
3023:
3004:Romantic ballet
2999:Orchestral song
2979:Chorale prelude
2974:Character piece
2957:
2948:Romantic guitar
2941:Instrumentation
2936:
2772:Rimsky-Korsakov
2392:Ferdinand David
2229:
2223:
2214:
2209:
2179:
2174:
2151:
2143:
2130:
2085:
2081:Galant Schemata
2064:
2055:Sensitive style
2028:
2012:Instrumentation
2007:
1741:Mannheim school
1702:
1693:
1688:
1658:
1653:
1639:
1633:Chant du départ
1620:
1447:Le pont de Lody
1407:Horatius Coclès
1354:
1345:
1340:
1269:Mutopia Project
1254:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1131:
1127:
1123:Charlton (1993)
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1054:www.musimem.com
1046:
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1028:
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992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
788:
779:Alexandre Duval
753:
712:
662:Chant du départ
657:
626:
610:
605:
599:
594:
568:Robert Schumann
556:Symphony No. 40
548:Sturm und Drang
521:
396:horn section.)
326:Luigi Cherubini
322:
317:
232:Chant du départ
147:
132:
90:
80:
74:
65:
59:
50:
35:
28:
27:French composer
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5808:
5798:
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5792:
5787:
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5535:
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5525:
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5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5486:Related topics
5483:
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5214:Gallen-Kallela
5211:
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5196:
5191:
5189:David d'Angers
5186:
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5166:
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5126:Visual artists
5122:
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5086:Schleiermacher
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4351:Oehlenschläger
4348:
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4028:
4023:
4021:Castelo Branco
4017:
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4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
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3987:
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3747:Brothers Grimm
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3447:Gothic fiction
3444:
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3435:British Marine
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3333:Gothic revival
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3016:
3014:Symphonic poem
3011:
3009:Romantic opera
3006:
3001:
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2387:Félicien David
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2212:Romantic music
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2147:Romantic music
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2076:Notes inégales
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2024:String quartet
2021:
2015:
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1893:Martín y Soler
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1439:Le jeune Henri
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1352:List of operas
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1252:External links
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1114:Berlioz p. 352
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1075:Berlioz p. 354
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1011:(2): 269–274,
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904:Libero di Luca
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601:Main article:
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536:Symphony No. 5
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458:opéra comiques
443:Richard Wagner
390:Thomas Beecham
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184:Alonzo et Cora
145:Wilhelm Hanser
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95:[meyl]
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4306:Nikolai Gogol
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3937:P. B. Shelley
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3475:Mal du siècle
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2228:Composers and
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2140:Baroque music
2133:
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1958:Saint-Georges
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1788:C. P. E. Bach
1786:
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1343:Étienne Méhul
1337:
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1273:Étienne Méhul
1270:
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1259:
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1220:David Cairns
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975:Bartlet p.vii
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947:
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822:Piano Sonatas
820:
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812:Laurence Dale
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724:
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592:List of works
589:
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583:
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451:cri de fureur
448:
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379:
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371:
366:
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360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:opéra comique
335:
331:
327:
312:
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305:Opéra-Comique
302:
301:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
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267:
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256:
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234:
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228:
225:. During the
224:
223:
218:
217:
212:
211:
206:
201:
199:
198:Opéra-Comique
195:
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189:
185:
181:
177:
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146:
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109:
105:
101:
96:
88:
78:
72:
68:
63:
57:
53:
48:
43:
38:
34:Étienne Méhul
31:
19:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5574:
5294:Porto-Alegre
4948:Philosophers
4832:Rachmaninoff
4531:
4281:Chavchavadze
4271:Baratashvili
4031:João de Deus
4000:Wincenty Pol
3792:Küchelbecker
3520:
3486:Noble savage
3473:
3439:
3414:Wallenrodism
3391:
3377:
3308:Coppet group
3242:(literature)
3148:
3141:
3044:
3028:Other topics
2852:J. Strauss I
2742:Rachmaninoff
2636:
2497:Gretchaninov
2145:
2138:
2040:Galant music
1897:
1631:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1582:Les amazones
1580:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1342:
1284:(ChoralWiki)
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1170:
1161:
1148:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1008:
1004:
998:
989:
980:
971:
951:
945:
940:Südfunk-Chor
928:Josef Traxel
895:
891:
885:
881:
871:
861:
855:
851:
847:
841:
837:
833:
827:
821:
803:
797:
791:
773:Les Hussites
770:
756:
735:
725:
715:
698:
688:
678:
668:
660:
579:
572:
529:
522:
510:
507:Nazi Germany
498:
487:
481:
455:
450:
446:
432:
424:
418:
412:
406:
400:
398:
385:
375:
373:
368:
364:
357:
353:
323:
308:
298:
292:
280:tuberculosis
271:Les amazones
269:
263:
261:
230:
220:
214:
208:
204:
202:
191:
183:
173:
171:
156:
133:
86:
85:
58:22 June 1763
5695:1817 deaths
5690:1763 births
5284:Michałowski
5116:Wackenroder
5081:F. Schlegel
5076:A. Schlegel
4852:Tchaikovsky
4741:Bortkiewicz
4613:R. Schumann
4608:C. Schumann
4573:Kalkbrenner
4542:Saint-Saëns
3847:Anne Brontë
3732:Eichendorff
3717:B. v. Arnim
3712:A. v. Arnim
3522:Weltschmerz
3481:Medievalism
3430:Blue flower
3358:Nationalist
3303:Bohemianism
3215:Romanticism
3095:Romanticism
2877:Tchaikovsky
2812:R. Schumann
2807:C. Schumann
2792:Saint-Saëns
2687:Niedermeyer
2577:Leoncavallo
2547:Kalkbrenner
2322:Bortkiewicz
1858:Hoffmeister
1828:Dittersdorf
1625:Other works
1598:L'oriflamme
1105:Bartlet p.x
1066:Orga (2002)
1005:Early Music
816:René Massis
786:Discography
655:Vocal music
576:BBC Radio 4
470:opera buffa
180:Paris Opéra
163:harpsichord
148: [
5684:Categories
5159:Chassériau
5134:Aivazovsky
4842:Rubinstein
4827:Mussorgsky
4776:Wieniawski
4761:Paderewski
4603:Moszkowski
4386:Vörösmarty
4376:Shevchenko
4230:Longfellow
4154:Batyushkov
4149:Baratynsky
4118:Espronceda
3985:Mickiewicz
3980:Malczewski
3947:Wordsworth
3932:M. Shelley
3887:de Quincey
3752:Günderrode
3636:Baudelaire
3516:Wanderlust
3353:Lake Poets
3083:Background
2984:Intermezzo
2917:Wieniawski
2897:Vieuxtemps
2862:R. Strauss
2787:Rubinstein
2712:Paderewski
2682:Mussorgsky
2677:Moszkowski
2652:Mercadante
2102:Classicism
2090:Background
2069:Techniques
2045:Intermezzo
2003:Zingarelli
1908:Mysliveček
1803:Boccherini
1793:J. C. Bach
1776:J. Stamitz
1771:C. Stamitz
1423:La caverne
1383:Stratonice
1367:Euphrosine
1244:Stratonice
963:References
862:Stratonice
439:leitmotifs
408:Stratonice
402:Euphrosine
309:Stratonice
216:Stratonice
193:Euphrosine
108:Revolution
102:and early
5662:Biography
5599:Modernism
5259:Kiprensky
5219:Géricault
5204:Friedrich
5194:Delacroix
5169:Constable
5149:Bonington
5139:Bierstadt
5091:Senancour
5066:Schelling
5021:Lamennais
5016:Khomyakov
4981:Coleridge
4976:Chaadayev
4883:Stanković
4878:Mokranjac
4797:Balakirev
4756:Moniuszko
4705:Donizetti
4700:Cherubini
4598:Meyerbeer
4583:Marschner
4558:Beethoven
4471:Moscheles
4405:Musicians
4391:Wergeland
4356:Orbeliani
4311:Grundtvig
4215:Hawthorne
4184:Zhukovsky
4179:Vyazemsky
4164:Lermontov
4123:Gutiérrez
4082:Radičević
4046:Herculano
3970:Krasiński
3912:Radcliffe
3882:Coleridge
3857:E. Brontë
3852:C. Brontë
3782:Jean Paul
3777:Hölderlin
3666:Lamartine
3603:Magalhães
3593:Guimarães
3501:Pantheism
3491:Nostalgia
3343:Indianism
3291:Movements
3222:Countries
2697:Offenbach
2672:Moscheles
2667:Moniuszko
2662:Meyerbeer
2617:Marschner
2602:MacDowell
2417:Donizetti
2362:Cherubini
2352:Chaminade
2277:Beethoven
2262:Balakirev
2252:Atterberg
2230:musicians
2117:Economics
2050:Pastorale
1998:Wranitzky
1918:Paisiello
1903:L. Mozart
1808:Cherubini
1751:Cannabich
1719:Beethoven
1707:Composers
1502:Une folie
1141:: 100–127
882:Overtures
608:For piano
532:Beethoven
474:Paisiello
434:Ariodante
100:classical
5611:Category
5427:Dahlhaus
5412:Blanning
5379:Scholars
5349:Tropinin
5344:Tidemand
5334:Stattler
5329:Scheffer
5229:Głowacki
5199:Edelfelt
5154:Bryullov
5096:Snellman
5071:Schiller
5061:Rousseau
5041:Michelet
4986:Constant
4956:Belinsky
4929:Sibelius
4873:Konjović
4847:Scriabin
4817:Lyapunov
4751:Lipiński
4720:Spontini
4710:Paganini
4654:Goldmark
4445:Thalberg
4440:Schubert
4420:Bruckner
4381:Topelius
4371:Runeberg
4361:Prešeren
4331:Leopardi
4296:Frashëri
4286:Eminescu
4266:Andersen
4174:Tyutchev
4159:Karamzin
4133:Zorrilla
4128:Saavedra
4026:Castilho
4014:Portugal
4005:Słowacki
3907:Polidori
3837:Barbauld
3772:Hoffmann
3727:Brentano
3641:Bertrand
3462:Romantic
3298:Ancients
3272:Scotland
3163:Category
3140: ←
3019:Symphony
2882:Thalberg
2847:Spontini
2822:Sibelius
2817:Scriabin
2802:Schubert
2797:Sarasate
2762:Respighi
2757:Reinecke
2717:Paganini
2627:Massenet
2622:Masarnau
2607:Madetoja
2552:Kreisler
2542:Kalivoda
2487:J. Gomis
2472:Glazunov
2467:Giuliani
2357:Chausson
2347:Chadwick
2337:Bruckner
2160:Category
2137: ←
1953:Sacchini
1923:Piccinni
1878:Kreutzer
1873:Koželuch
1853:M. Haydn
1848:Gyrowetz
1818:Clementi
1813:Cimarosa
1798:G. Benda
1734:Schubert
1651:Category
1463:Ariodant
1203:Berlioz
916:NDR Chor
856:Timoléon
759:Timoléon
744:Steibelt
525:cantatas
478:Cimarosa
466:Corsican
447:Ariodant
425:Ariodant
420:Ariodant
342:Romantic
245:Napoleon
140:Ardennes
112:Romantic
104:romantic
79:, France
64:, France
5624:Portals
5452:Lovejoy
5387:Abraham
5309:Richard
5299:Préault
5224:Girodet
5106:Thoreau
5051:Novalis
5036:Mazzini
5031:Maistre
5006:Hazlitt
4991:Emerson
4971:Carlyle
4961:Berchet
4904:Berwald
4899:Bennett
4868:Hristić
4822:Medtner
4802:Borodin
4792:Arensky
4715:Rossini
4690:Bellini
4669:Joachim
4642:Hungary
4623:Strauss
4551:Germany
4517:Berlioz
4486:Voříšek
4481:Smetana
4459:Czechia
4413:Austria
4346:Maturin
4341:Manzoni
4316:Heliade
4291:Foscolo
4261:Alfieri
4256:Abovian
4210:Emerson
4169:Pushkin
4108:Bécquer
4041:Garrett
3995:Potocki
3942:Southey
3902:Maturin
3872:Carlyle
3829:Britain
3802:Novalis
3757:Gutzkow
3705:Germany
3671:Mérimée
3656:Gautier
3583:Barreto
3578:Azevedo
3558:Alencar
3538:Writers
3457:Byronic
3393:Purismo
3247:Germany
3229:Denmark
3153:→
3115:Science
2994:Mazurka
2969:Ballade
2902:Voříšek
2872:Tárrega
2867:Taneyev
2827:Smetana
2782:Rossini
2737:Puccini
2732:Prudent
2692:Nielsen
2657:Méreaux
2632:Medtner
2597:Lysenko
2567:Lachner
2532:Joachim
2512:Herbert
2432:Farrenc
2397:Delibes
2372:Crusell
2317:Borodin
2307:Berwald
2297:Berlioz
2287:Bennett
2282:Bellini
2267:Bazzini
2247:Arensky
2150:→
2122:Physics
1983:Traetta
1963:Salieri
1948:Rosetti
1883:Krommer
1766:Richter
1494:L'irato
1486:Épicure
1280:in the
1264:(IMSLP)
1260:at the
1211:, 1953)
1184:Sources
1175:. 2001.
946:L'Irato
866:Petibon
710:Ballets
483:L'irato
350:Berlioz
91:French:
49:in 1799
5477:Wellek
5457:de Man
5442:Janion
5432:Ferber
5407:Berlin
5402:Beiser
5397:Barzun
5392:Abrams
5369:Wiertz
5354:Turner
5304:Révoil
5289:Palmer
5279:Martin
5274:Leutze
5249:Janmot
5209:Fuseli
5164:Church
5056:Quinet
5046:Müller
5001:Goethe
4996:Fichte
4919:Franck
4861:Serbia
4812:Glinka
4785:Russia
4771:Tausig
4766:Stolpe
4746:Chopin
4734:Poland
4695:Busoni
4659:Heller
4628:Wagner
4563:Brahms
4537:Onslow
4527:Halévy
4495:France
4476:Reicha
4466:Dvořák
4435:Mahler
4430:Hummel
4425:Czerny
4321:Isaacs
4301:Geijer
4235:Lowell
4225:Irving
4205:Cooper
4200:Bryant
4142:Russia
4077:Njegoš
4072:Kostić
4067:Jakšić
4060:Serbia
3990:Norwid
3965:Fredro
3957:Poland
3927:Seward
3817:Uhland
3807:Schwab
3797:Mörike
3787:Kleist
3742:Goethe
3737:Fouqué
3686:Nodier
3681:Nerval
3676:Musset
3628:France
3618:Varela
3613:Taunay
3598:Macedo
3546:Brazil
3496:Ossian
3423:Themes
3262:Poland
3257:Norway
3239:France
3173:Portal
3110:Poetry
2962:Genres
2907:Wagner
2887:Tobias
2752:Reicha
2727:Popper
2707:Pacini
2702:Onslow
2612:Mahler
2592:Lumbye
2557:Kuhlau
2537:Joplin
2527:Hummel
2517:Hérold
2507:Halévy
2492:Gounod
2477:Glinka
2457:Franck
2452:Foster
2422:Dvořák
2412:d'Indy
2402:Delius
2382:Czerny
2367:Chopin
2342:Busoni
2327:Brahms
2302:Bertin
2292:Bériot
2170:Portal
2033:Genres
1993:Wanhal
1988:Viotti
1933:Reicha
1928:Pleyel
1913:Neruda
1888:Kuhlau
1863:Hummel
1843:Gossec
1833:Dussek
1823:Czerny
1761:Fränzl
1729:Mozart
1636:(1794)
1617:(1822)
1609:(1816)
1601:(1814)
1593:(1813)
1585:(1811)
1577:(1807)
1574:Joseph
1569:(1806)
1561:(1806)
1553:(1806)
1545:(1803)
1537:(1803)
1534:Héléna
1529:(1803)
1521:(1802)
1513:(1802)
1510:Joanna
1505:(1802)
1497:(1801)
1489:(1800)
1481:(1800)
1466:(1799)
1458:(1799)
1455:Adrien
1450:(1797)
1442:(1797)
1434:(1795)
1426:(1795)
1418:(1794)
1410:(1794)
1402:(1794)
1394:(1793)
1386:(1792)
1378:(1791)
1370:(1790)
1359:Operas
892:Joseph
804:Joseph
798:Adrien
742:, and
732:(1800)
722:(1793)
705:(1811)
695:(1808)
685:(1804)
675:(1794)
665:(1794)
597:Operas
552:Mozart
544:Mozart
509:, the
499:Joseph
494:Joseph
489:Joseph
320:Operas
265:Joseph
210:Adrien
116:operas
5674:Music
5650:Opera
5563:Bacon
5472:Rosen
5467:Ricks
5462:Nancy
5422:Blume
5417:Bloom
5339:Stroy
5324:Saleh
5319:Runge
5269:Lampi
5254:Jones
5244:Hayez
5179:Corot
5144:Blake
5111:Tieck
5101:Staël
5026:Larra
5011:Hegel
4966:Burke
4924:Grieg
4914:Field
4909:Elgar
4892:Other
4725:Verdi
4683:Italy
4674:Liszt
4664:Hubay
4649:Erkel
4633:Weber
4618:Spohr
4578:Loewe
4568:Bruch
4532:Méhul
4522:Fauré
4512:Auber
4507:Alkan
4366:Raffi
4336:Mácha
4326:Lenau
4276:Botev
4249:Other
4101:Spain
4036:Dinis
3922:Scott
3897:Keats
3877:Clare
3867:Byron
3862:Burns
3842:Blake
3827:Great
3812:Tieck
3767:Heine
3762:Hauff
3696:Vigny
3691:Staël
3651:Dumas
3573:Assis
3568:Alves
3553:Abreu
3506:Rhine
3409:Ultra
3252:Japan
3100:Chess
2932:Ysaÿe
2912:Weber
2892:Verdi
2842:Spohr
2837:Sousa
2722:Paine
2637:Méhul
2587:Loewe
2582:Liszt
2562:Kuula
2522:Holst
2502:Grieg
2482:Gomes
2462:Franz
2447:Foote
2442:Field
2437:Fauré
2427:Elgar
2407:Denza
2332:Bruch
2312:Bizet
2272:Beach
2257:Auber
2242:Alkan
1978:Spohr
1973:Soler
1968:Sarti
1898:Méhul
1868:Kraus
1838:Gluck
1724:Haydn
1566:Uthal
1431:Doria
792:Uthal
581:Today
540:Haydn
377:Uthal
346:Weber
334:Gluck
315:Music
152:]
136:Givet
77:Paris
62:Givet
47:Méhul
18:Méhul
5437:Frye
5364:Ward
5359:Veit
5314:Rude
5264:Koch
5239:Gude
5234:Goya
5184:Dahl
5174:Cole
4502:Adam
4450:Wolf
4193:U.S.
4092:Zmaj
3722:Beer
3661:Hugo
3608:Reis
3588:Dias
3452:Hero
3387:Post
3348:Jena
3318:Dark
2989:Lied
2927:Wolf
2777:Rode
2767:Ries
2747:Raff
2572:Lalo
2237:Adam
1943:Rode
1938:Ries
1783:Abel
1756:Fils
1746:Beck
1478:Bion
1375:Cora
1267:The
920:NWDR
894:(as
854:and
840:and
777:(by
763:(by
740:Paer
542:and
534:'s
476:and
417:and
348:and
219:and
205:Cora
175:Cora
161:, a
130:Life
122:and
70:Died
55:Born
4934:Sor
4807:Cui
4240:Poe
3373:Pre
3368:Neo
2832:Sor
2377:Cui
2112:Art
1290:by
1013:doi
578:'s
554:'s
441:in
200:).
138:in
5686::
5589:←
1169:.
1139:10
1137:,
1098:^
1052:.
1009:19
1007:,
938:,
934:,
922:,
914:,
910:,
906:,
902:,
884::
874:.
864:.
850:,
806:.
588:.
411:,
405:,
362:.
290:.
251:.
150:de
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5626::
5602:→
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2190:v
1683:e
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1335:e
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1321:v
1143:.
1056:.
1020:.
1015::
781:)
767:)
746:)
422:.
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20:)
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