MIDI - Knowledge

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controllers to be connected to a single device. A MIDI switcher allows switching between multiple devices, and eliminates the need to physically repatch cables. MIDI routers combine all of these functions. They contain multiple inputs and outputs, and allow any combination of input channels to be routed to any combination of output channels. Routing setups can be created using computer software, stored in memory, and selected by MIDI program change commands. This enables the devices to function as standalone MIDI routers in situations where no computer is present. MIDI data processors are used for utility tasks and special effects. These include MIDI filters, which remove unwanted MIDI data from the stream, and MIDI delays, effects that send a repeated copy of the input data at a set time.

516:. Analog synthesizers that have no digital component and were built prior to MIDI's development can be retrofitted with kits that convert MIDI messages into analog control voltages. When a note is played on a MIDI instrument, it generates a digital MIDI message that can be used to trigger a note on another instrument. The capability for remote control allows full-sized instruments to be replaced with smaller sound modules, and allows musicians to combine instruments to achieve a fuller sound, or to create combinations of synthesized instrument sounds, such as acoustic piano and strings. MIDI also enables other instrument parameters (volume, effects, etc.) to be controlled remotely. 2023: 331: 2125: 117: 1182:, which contained several thousand programmable parameters, but had an interface that consisted of fifteen tiny buttons, four knobs and a small LCD. Digital instruments typically discourage users from experimentation, due to their lack of the feedback and direct control that switches and knobs would provide, but patch editors give owners of hardware instruments and effects devices the same editing functionality that is available to users of software synthesizers. Some editors are designed for a specific instrument or effects device, while other, 547: 2842:

stream or new MIDI 2.0 Protocol stream, and can also include system messages, system exclusive data, and timestamps for precise rendering of several simultaneous notes. To simplify initial adoption, existing products are explicitly allowed to only implement MIDI 1.0 messages. The Universal MIDI Packet is intended for high-speed transport such as USB and Ethernet and is not supported on the existing 5-pin DIN connections. System Real-Time and System Common messages are the same as defined in MIDI 1.0.

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in 1991, and provides a standardized sound bank that allows a Standard MIDI File created on one device to sound similar when played back on another. GM specifies a bank of 128 sounds arranged into 16 families of eight related instruments, and assigns a specific program number to each instrument. Any given program change selects the same instrument sound on any GM-compatible instrument. Percussion instruments are placed on channel 10, and a specific MIDI note value is mapped to each percussion sound.

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receiver, the information is no longer subject to timing issues associated with MIDI or USB interfaces and can be played with a high degree of accuracy. MIDI timestamping only works when both hardware and software support it. MOTU's MTS, eMagic's AMT, and Steinberg's Midex 8 had implementations that were incompatible with each other, and required users to own software and hardware manufactured by the same company to work. Timestamping is built into FireWire MIDI interfaces, Mac OS X

1654: 1419: 8248: 531:, and can be controlled remotely through MIDI. Effects devices have different parameters, such as delay feedback or reverb time. When a MIDI continuous controller number (CCN) is assigned to one of these parameters, the device responds to any messages it receives that are identified by that number. Controls such as knobs, switches, and pedals can be used to send these messages. A set of adjusted parameters can be saved to a device's internal memory as a 856: 1984:) messages send information about a synthesizer's functions, rather than performance data such as which notes are being played and how loud. Because they can include functionality beyond what the MIDI standard provides, they are a major reason for the flexibility and longevity of the MIDI standard. Manufacturers use them to create proprietary messages that control their equipment more thoroughly than the limitations of standard MIDI messages. 2815:

device to describe what it is doing and what it can do rather than having the person operating it, change their settings every time they operate a new device. For example, a MIDI keyboard that is plugged into an iOS device with specific MIDI settings can now be plugged into a Windows device and not have to have their settings manually changed. Any musical component used in one device will be kept and can be altered automatically in another.

1589: 1431: 8536: 95: 893:(FM synthesis) technology played back through low-quality digital-to-analog converters. The low-fidelity reproduction of these ubiquitous cards was often assumed to somehow be a property of MIDI itself. This created a perception of MIDI as low-quality audio, while in reality MIDI itself contains no sound, and the quality of its playback depends entirely on the quality of the sound-producing device. 2192:, followed in 1994. XG similarly offered extra sounds, drumkits and effects, but used standard controllers instead of NRPNs for editing, and increased polyphony to 32 voices. Both standards feature backward compatibility with the GM specification but are not compatible with each other. Neither standard has been adopted beyond its creator, but both are commonly supported by music software titles. 2678: 43: 1570:

first one is finished, and so is delayed by 1 ms. If an event is sent on all channels at the same time, the last channel's transmission is delayed by as much as 16 ms. This contributed to the rise of MIDI interfaces with multiple in- and out-ports, because timing improves when events are spread between multiple ports as opposed to multiple channels on the same port. The term

1354:. The computer industry moved in the mid-1990s toward wavetable-based soundcards with 16-bit playback, but standardized on a 2 MB of wavetable storage, a space too small in which to fit good-quality samples of 128 General MIDI instruments plus drum kits. To make the most of the limited space, some manufacturers stored 12-bit samples and expanded those to 16 bits on playback. 2872: 2806:

M2-101-UM v1.1 MIDI-CI Specification, M2-102-U v1.0 Common Rules for MIDI-CI Profiles, M2-103-UM v1.0 Common Rules for MIDI-CI PE and M2-104-UM v1.0 UMP and MIDI 2.0 Protocol Specification. Other specifications regarding MIDI 2.0 include; allowing the use of 32,000 controllers and wide range note enhancements. These enhancements are made better through the property exchange.

456:. The standard allowed different instruments to communicate with each other and with computers, and this spurred a rapid expansion of the sales and production of electronic instruments and music software. This interoperability allowed one device to be controlled from another, which reduced the amount of hardware musicians needed. MIDI's introduction coincided with the 3407: 2469:(DV) cameras toward the end of the decade, and on G3 Macintosh models in 1999. It was created for use with multimedia applications. Unlike USB, FireWire uses intelligent controllers that can manage their own transmission without attention from the main CPU. As with standard MIDI devices, FireWire devices can communicate with each other with no computer present. 1633:

provide a greater sense of connection with the instrument than an interface that is accessed through a computer. Controllers may be general-purpose devices that are designed to work with a variety of equipment, or they may be designed to work with a specific piece of software. Examples of the latter include Akai's APC40 controller for

241:. A MIDI recording of a performance on a keyboard could sound like a piano or other keyboard instrument; however, since MIDI records the messages and information about their notes and not the specific sounds, this recording could be changed to many other sounds, ranging from synthesized or sampled guitar or flute to full orchestra. 3094:

do so only at the MIDI out port; the MIDI in port should leave its Shield pin unconnected and isolated. Some large manufacturers of MIDI devices use modified MIDI in-only DIN 5-pin sockets with the metallic conductors intentionally omitted at pin positions 1, 2, and 3 so that the maximum voltage isolation is obtained.

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The MIDI specification provides for a ground "wire" and a braid or foil shield, connected on the Shield pin, protecting the two signal-carrying conductors on the Hot and Cold pins. Although the MIDI cable is supposed to connect this Shield pin and the braid or foil shield to chassis ground, it should

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The original MIDI 1.0 specification mandated DIN-5. The current source pin or hot pin ("H" in this schematic) corresponds to pin 4 of a 5-pin DIN. The current sink or cold pin ("C" in this schematic) corresponds to pin 5 of that DIN. The shield pin ("S" in this schematic) corresponds to pin 2 of that

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paradigm. Music workstations combine controller keyboards with an internal sound generation and a sequencer. These can be used to build complete arrangements and play them back using their own internal sounds, and function as self-contained music production studios. They commonly include file storage

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typically are sample playback devices that specialize in drum and percussion sounds. They commonly contain a sequencer that allows the creation of drum patterns and allows them to be arranged into a song. There often are multiple audio outputs, so that each sound or group of sounds can be routed to a

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software typically lacks advanced sequencing tools, and is optimized for the creation of a neat, professional printout designed for live instrumentalists. These programs provide support for dynamics and expression markings, chord and lyric display, and complex score styles. Software is available that

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contains the arrangement's track count, tempo and an indicator of which of three SMF formats the file uses. A type 0 file contains the entire performance, merged onto a single track, while type 1 files may contain any number of tracks that are performed synchronously. Type 2 files are rarely used and

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A MIDI file is not an audio recording. Rather, it is a set of instructions – for example, for pitch or tempo – and can use a thousand times less disk space than the equivalent recorded audio. Due to their tiny filesize, fan-made MIDI arrangements became an attractive way

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Because a MIDI performance is a sequence of commands that create sound, MIDI recordings can be manipulated in ways that audio recordings cannot. It is possible to change the key, instrumentation or tempo of a MIDI arrangement, and to reorder its individual sections, or even edit individual notes. The

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As of January 2019, the draft specification of the new protocol supports all core messages that also exist in MIDI 1.0, but extends their precision and resolution; it also defines many new high-precision controller messages. The specification defines default translation rules to convert between MIDI

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format data. Profiles define common sets of MIDI controllers for various instrument types, such as drawbar organs and analog synths, or for particular tasks, improving interoperability between instruments from different manufacturers. Protocol negotiation allows devices to employ the Next Generation

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Some devices operating MIDI 1.0 can "retrofit" some 2.0 features. Since its release in early January 2020 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association, more details have yet to come out about the new update. Currently there are five components to MIDI such as; M2-100-U v1.0 MIDI 2.0 Specification Overview,

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MIDI Time Piece, were made possible by a "fast" transmission mode that could take advantage of these serial ports' ability to operate at 20 times the standard MIDI speed. Mini-DIN ports were built into some late-1990s MIDI instruments, and enabled such devices to be connected directly to a computer.

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Software synthesizers offer great power and versatility, but some players feel that division of attention between a MIDI keyboard and a computer keyboard and mouse robs some of the immediacy from the playing experience. Devices dedicated to real-time MIDI control provide an ergonomic benefit and can

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Patch librarians have the specialized function of organizing the sounds in a collection of equipment and exchanging entire banks of sounds between an instrument and a computer. In this way the device's limited patch storage is augmented by a computer's much greater disk capacity. Once transferred to

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and multi-gigabyte hard drives. The major drawback to this is the wide variation in quality of users' audio cards, and in the actual audio contained as samples or synthesized sound in the card that the MIDI data only refers to symbolically. Even a sound card that contains high-quality sampled sounds

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MIDI 2.0 defines a new Universal MIDI Packet format, which contains messages of varying length (32, 64, 96 or 128 bits) depending on the payload type. This new packet format supports a total of 256 MIDI channels, organized in 16 groups of 16 channels; each group can carry either a MIDI 1.0 Protocol

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The property exchange in MIDI 2.0 uses JSON or JavaScript Object Notation. This provides human-readable format to for exchanging data sets. In doing so, this opens up a wide range of capabilities for MIDI 2.0. JSON allows any plugged-in device whether it be a keyboard, piano or any other electrical

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MIDI allows the selection of an instrument's sounds through program change messages, but there is no guarantee that any two instruments have the same sound at a given program location. Program #0 may be a piano on one instrument, or a flute on another. The General MIDI (GM) standard was established

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The MIDI Manufacturers Association issues a unique identification number to MIDI companies. These are included in SysEx messages, to ensure that only the specifically addressed device responds to the message, while all others know to ignore it. Many instruments also include a SysEx ID setting, so a

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makes it possible for a user with no notation skills to build complex arrangements. A musical act with as few as one or two members, each operating multiple MIDI-enabled devices, can deliver a performance similar to that of a larger group of musicians. The expense of hiring outside musicians for a

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Before the development of MIDI, electronic musical instruments from different manufacturers could generally not communicate with each other. This meant that a musician could not, for example, plug a Roland keyboard into a Yamaha synthesizer module. With MIDI, any MIDI-compatible keyboard (or other

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soundcards. Syntauri Corporation's Alpha Syntauri was another early software-based synthesizer. It ran on the Apple IIe computer and used a combination of software and the computer's hardware to produce additive synthesis. Some systems use dedicated hardware to reduce the load on the host CPU, as

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An unforeseen capability of SysEx messages was their use for transporting audio samples between instruments. This led to the development of the sample dump standard (SDS), which established a new SysEx format for sample transmission. SDS was later augmented with a pair of commands that allow the

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Devices typically do not respond to every type of message defined by the MIDI specification. The MIDI implementation chart was standardized by the MMA as a way for users to see what specific capabilities an instrument has, and how it responds to messages. A populated MIDI implementation chart is

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MIDI's serial transmission leads to timing problems. A three-byte MIDI message requires nearly 1 millisecond for transmission. Because MIDI is serial, it can only send one event at a time. If an event is sent on two channels at once, the event on the second channel cannot transmit until the

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market stabilized at the same time that MIDI appeared, and computers became a viable option for music production. In 1983 computers started to play a role in mainstream music production. In the years immediately after the 1983 ratification of the MIDI specification, MIDI features were adapted to

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One solution to MIDI timing problems is to mark MIDI events with the times they are to be played, transmit them beforehand, and store them in a buffer in the receiving device. Sending data beforehand reduces the likelihood that a busy passage overwhelms the transmission link. Once stored in the

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A MIDI instrument can also be a stand-alone module (without a piano-style keyboard) consisting of a General MIDI soundboard (GM, GS and XG), onboard editing, including transposing, MIDI instrument selection and adjusting volume, pan, reverb levels and other MIDI controllers. Typically, the MIDI

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templates can be used to duplicate another track's rhythmic feel. Realistic expression can be added through the manipulation of real-time controllers. Mixing can be performed, and MIDI can be synchronized with recorded audio and video tracks. Work can be saved, and transported between different

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can be used to streamline workflow, and, in some systems, editing functions may be invoked by MIDI events. The sequencer allows each channel to be set to play a different sound and gives a graphical overview of the arrangement. A variety of editing tools are made available, including a notation

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are by far the most common type of MIDI controller. MIDI was designed with keyboards in mind, and any controller that is not a keyboard is considered an "alternative" controller. This was seen as a limitation by composers who were not interested in keyboard-based music, but the standard proved

1507:(also known as audio minijack connectors). This became widespread enough that the MIDI Manufacturers' Association standardized the wiring. The MIDI-over-minijack standards document also recommends the use of 2.5 mm connectors over 3.5 mm ones to avoid confusion with audio connectors. 120:

Using MIDI, a single controller (often a musical keyboard, as pictured here) can play multiple electronic instruments, which increases the portability and flexibility of stage setups. This system fits into a single rack case, but before the advent of MIDI, it would have required four separate

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Each device in a daisy chain adds delay to the system. This can be avoided by using a MIDI thru box, which contains several outputs that provide an exact copy of the box's input signal. A MIDI merger is able to combine the input from multiple devices into a single stream, and allows multiple

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The MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) was formed following a meeting of "all interested companies" at the 1984 Summer NAMM Show in Chicago. The MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification was published at the MMA's second meeting at the 1985 Summer NAMM Show. The standard continued to evolve, adding

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MIDI Polyphonic Expression (MPE) is a method of using MIDI that enables pitch bend, and other dimensions of expressive control, to be adjusted continuously for individual notes. MPE works by assigning each note to its own MIDI channel so that controller messages can be applied to each note

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MIDI masters: wavetable synthesis brings sonic realism to inexpensive sound cards. (review of eight Musical Instrument Digital Interface sound cards) (includes related articles about testing methodology, pitfalls of wavetable technology, future wavetable developments) (Hardware Review)

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Synthesizers may employ any of a variety of sound generation techniques. They may include an integrated keyboard or may exist as sound modules that generate sounds when triggered by an external controller, such as a MIDI keyboard. Sound modules are typically designed to be mounted in a

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Parameter exchange defines methods for inquiry of device capabilities, such as supported controllers, patch names, instrument profiles, device configuration and other metadata, and to get or set device configuration settings. Property exchange uses System Exclusive messages that carry

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of playback, which directly affect the quality of the sound. Synthesizers implemented in software are subject to timing issues that are not necessarily present with hardware instruments, whose dedicated operating systems are not subject to interruption from background tasks as desktop

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programs. These create a full-band arrangement in a style that the user selects, and send the result to a MIDI sound generating device for playback. The generated tracks can be used as educational or practice tools, as accompaniment for live performances, or as a songwriting aid.

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connectors in the 2000s has led to the availability of MIDI-to-USB data interfaces that can transfer MIDI channels to USB-equipped computers. Some MIDI keyboard controllers are equipped with USB jacks, and can be connected directly to computers that run music software.

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to expand their wave tables with downloadable sound sets. The DLS Level 2 specification followed in 2006, and defined a standardized synthesizer architecture. The Mobile DLS standard calls for DLS banks to be combined with SP-MIDI, as self-contained Mobile XMF files.

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Research on the new protocol began in 2005. Prototype devices showcasing wired and wireless connections have been shown privately at NAMM. Licensing and product certification policies have been developed, although no projected release date was announced. Proposed

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A MIDI instrument contains ports to send and receive MIDI signals, a CPU to process those signals, an interface that allows user programming, audio circuitry to generate sound, and controllers. The operating system and factory sounds are often stored in a

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editors support a variety of equipment, and ideally can control the parameters of every device in a setup through the use of System Exclusive messages. System Exclusive messages use the MIDI protocol to send information about the synthesizer's parameters.

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A single MIDI cable can carry up to sixteen channels of MIDI data, each of which can be routed to a separate device. Each interaction with a key, button, knob or slider is converted into a MIDI event, which specifies musical instructions, such as a note's

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There are two types of MIDI controllers: performance controllers that generate notes and are used to perform music, and controllers that may not send notes, but transmit other types of real-time events. Many devices are some combination of the two types.

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Chiptune musicians also use retro gaming consoles to compose, produce and perform music using MIDI interfaces. Custom interfaces are available for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES)/Famicom, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance and Sega Genesis (Mega Drive).

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A MIDI message is an instruction that controls some aspect of the receiving device. A MIDI message consists of a status byte, which indicates the type of the message, followed by up to two data bytes that contain the parameters. MIDI messages can be

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commands to a connected tape deck or hard disk recording system, and to fast-forward or rewind the device to start playback at the same point as the sequencer. No synchronization data is involved, although the devices may synchronize through MTC.

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Members of the USB-IF in 1999 developed a standard for MIDI over USB, the "Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices". MIDI over USB has become increasingly common as other interfaces that had been used for MIDI connections

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GM-compliant devices must offer 24-note polyphony. GM-compatible devices are required to respond to velocity, aftertouch, and pitch bend, to be set to specified default values at startup, and to support certain controller numbers such as for

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A computer MIDI interface's main function is to synchronize communications between the MIDI device and the computer. Some computer sound cards include a standard MIDI connector, whereas others connect by any of various means that include the

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MIDI Capability Inquiry (MIDI-CI) specifies Universal SysEx messages to implement device profiles, parameter exchange, and MIDI protocol negotiation. The specifications were released in November 2017 by AMEI and in January 2018 by the MMA.

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for musical instruments using FireWire as the transport, and was designed to carry multiple MIDI channels together with multichannel digital audio, data file transfers, and time code. mLan was used in a number of Yamaha products, notably

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was to computing, and represented "a crucial value system of cooperation and mutual benefit, one all but thrown out by today's major tech companies in favour of captive markets". As of 2022, Smith's original MIDI design was still in use.

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System Exclusive 8 messages use a new 8-bit data format, based on Universal System Exclusive messages. Mixed Data Set messages are intended to transfer large sets of data. System Exclusive 7 messages use the previous 7-bit data format.

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Using Roland's DCB as a basis, Smith and Sequential Circuits engineer Chet Wood devised a universal interface to allow communication between equipment from different manufacturers. Smith and Wood proposed this standard in a paper,

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pin assignments are: the current source or hot pin ("H" in the schematic) is ring of the TRS, the current sink or cold pin ("C" in the schematic) is the tip of the TRS, and the shield ("S" in the schematic) is the sleeve of the

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MIDI was invented so that electronic or digital musical instruments could communicate with each other and so that one instrument can control another. For example, a MIDI-compatible sequencer can trigger beats produced by a drum

1112:, which allow MIDI to be combined with prerecorded audio loops whose tempos and keys are matched to each other. Cue-list sequencing is used to trigger dialogue, sound effect, and music cues in stage and broadcast production. 527:, and envelopes automate the way a sound evolves over time after a note is triggered. The frequency of a filter and the envelope attack (the time it takes for a sound to reach its maximum level), are examples of synthesizer 2241:

that can be loaded from a bank of up to 128 patches, and allows real-time adjustment of note pitches. Manufacturers are not required to support the standard. Those who do are not required to implement all of its features.

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Despite its association with music devices, MIDI can control any electronic or digital device that can read and process a MIDI command. MIDI has been adopted as a control protocol in a number of non-musical applications.

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controller allows arrangements to be built by "drawing" on its array of lighted buttons. The resulting arrangements can be played back using its internal sounds or external sound sources, or recorded in a computer-based

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have been developed in many DAWs so that the recorded MIDI messages can be easily modified. These tools allow composers to audition and edit their work much more quickly and efficiently than did older solutions, such as

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MIDI 2.0 includes MIDI Capability Inquiry specification for property exchange and profiles, and the new Universal MIDI Packet format for high-speed transports which supports both MIDI 1.0 and MIDI 2.0 voice messages.

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and wind instruments, respectively and specialized and experimental controllers. Nevertheless, some features of the keyboard playing for which MIDI was designed do not fully capture other instruments' capabilities;

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show in October 1981. The standard was discussed and modified by representatives of Roland, Yamaha, Korg, Kawai, and Sequential Circuits. Kakehashi favored the name Universal Musical Interface (UMI), pronounced

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The MIDI standard allows selection of 128 different programs, but devices can provide more by arranging their patches into banks of 128 programs each, and combining a program change message with a bank select

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the computer, it is possible to share custom patches with other owners of the same instrument. Universal editor/librarians that combine the two functions were once common, and included Opcode Systems' Galaxy,

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that all devices receive. Each receiving device ignores data not relevant to its function. There are five types of message: Channel Voice, Channel Mode, System Common, System Real-Time, and System Exclusive.

738:(SMF), digitally distributed, and reproduced by any computer or electronic instrument that also adheres to the same MIDI, GM, and SMF standards. MIDI data files are much smaller than corresponding recorded 1955:

messages that end a note; program change messages that change a device's patch; and control changes that allow adjustment of an instrument's parameters. MIDI notes are numbered from 0 to 127 assigned to

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Samplers did not become established as viable MIDI instruments as quickly as synthesizers did, due to the expense of memory and processing power at the time. The first low-cost MIDI sampler was the

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Aztech's WavePower daughtercard improves FM reception. (Aztech Labs Inc.'s wavetable synthesis add-on card for Sound Blaster 16 or Sound Galaxy Pro 16 sound cards) (Hardware Review) (Evaluation).

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radio can be used to build a wireless MIDI transceiver as a do-it-yourself project. Android devices are able to function as full MIDI control surfaces using several different protocols over

1343:, but budget computer audio cards performed FM synthesis with only two sine waves. Combined with the cards' 8-bit audio, this resulted in a sound described as "artificial" and "primitive". 5920: 1350:

that were later available provided audio samples that could be used in place of the FM sound. These were expensive, but often used the sounds from respected MIDI instruments such as the

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MIDI's flexibility and widespread adoption have led to many refinements of the standard, and have enabled its application to purposes beyond those for which it was originally intended.

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A sequencer can drive a MIDI system with its internal clock, but when a system contains multiple sequencers, they must synchronize to a common clock. MIDI timecode (MTC), developed by

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that provides a standardized way for music sequences to be saved, transported, and opened in other systems. The standard was developed and is maintained by the MMA, and usually uses a

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use. They also may be available in either keyboard or rack-mounted form. Instruments that generate sounds through sample playback, but have no recording capabilities, are known as "

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The GM standard eliminates variation in note mapping. Some manufacturers had disagreed over what note number should represent middle C, but GM specifies that note number 69 plays

4631: 651: 1722:, introduced in 1984. MIDI samplers are typically limited by displays that are too small to use to edit sampled waveforms, although some can be connected to a computer monitor. 1596:

unit provides a variety of controls for manipulating various sound design parameters of computer-based or standalone hardware instruments, effects, mixers and recording devices.

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arrangement. Not all devices feature thru ports, and devices that lack the ability to generate MIDI data, such as effects units and sound modules, may not include out ports.

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are. These timing issues can cause synchronization problems, and clicks and pops when sample playback is interrupted. Software synthesizers also may exhibit additional

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AMEI and MMA announced that complete specifications will be published following interoperability testing of prototype implementations from major manufacturers such as

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messages which contain a MIDI note number that specifies the note's pitch, a velocity value that indicates how forcefully the note was played, and the channel number;

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cites the standard as an example of technological "lock-in" that unexpectedly limited what was possible to express. Some of these shortcomings have been addressed in

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was an early synthesizer that ran directly on a host computer's CPU. Reality achieved a low latency through tight driver integration, and therefore could run only on

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Patch editors allow users to program their equipment through the computer interface. These became essential with the appearance of complex synthesizers such as the

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command that could be used to access them, and used MIDI Non-Registered Parameter Numbers (NRPNs) to access its new features. Yamaha's Extended General MIDI, or

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Systems for wireless MIDI transmission have been available since the 1980s. Several commercially available transmitters allow wireless transmission of MIDI and

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and R3=280Ω. But it is possible to change the resistance values to achieve a similar current with other voltage supplies (in particular, for 3.3 volt systems).

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standard. MIDI interfaces such as Mark of the Unicorn's MIDI Timepiece can convert SMPTE code to MTC. While MIDI clock is based on tempo, timecode is based on

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specification in 1999. GM2 maintains backward compatibility with GM, but increases polyphony to 32 voices, standardizes several controller numbers such as for

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cable and into the receiver's opto-isolator. The current exits the opto-isolator and returns back leftwards along the blue lines into the sender's UART, which

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Sequencers may take alternate forms, such as drum pattern editors that allow users to create beats by clicking on pattern grids, and loop sequencers such as

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MIDI Machine Control (MMC) consists of a set of SysEx commands that operate the transport controls of hardware recording devices. MMC lets a sequencer send

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The main advantage of the personal computer in a MIDI system is that it can serve a number of different purposes, depending on the software that is loaded.

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project can be reduced or eliminated, and complex productions can be realized on a system as small as a synthesizer with integrated keyboard and sequencer.

6941: 629: 315:, about creating a simpler, cheaper alternative. While Smith discussed the concept with American companies, Kakehashi discussed it with Japanese companies 3705: 3467: 1303:. The ability to construct full MIDI arrangements entirely in computer software allows a composer to render a finalized result directly as an audio file. 607: 7042: 2735:, Microsoft, Google, and the MIDI Association introduced the update, which enables bidirectional communication while maintaining backward compatibility. 1687:. Manufacturers commonly produce a synthesizer in both standalone and rack-mounted versions, and often offer the keyboard version in a variety of sizes. 327:. Representatives from all companies met to discuss the idea in October. Initially, only Sequential Circuits and the Japanese companies were interested. 5133: 4120: 6966: 5502: 1994:

System Exclusive messages are a special class of SysEx messages used for extensions to MIDI that are not intended to be exclusive to one manufacturer.

2851:

2.0 Channel Voice and MIDI 1.0 Channel Voice messages that use different data resolution, as well as map 256 MIDI 2.0 streams to 16 MIDI 1.0 streams.

260:(AMEI) in Tokyo. In 2016, the MMA established The MIDI Association (TMA) to support a global community of people who work, play, or create with MIDI. 5187: 457: 296:, felt the lack of standardization was limiting the growth of the electronic music industry. In June 1981, he proposed developing a standard to the 6380: 5209: 4659: 3330: 1881:

A MIDI link can carry sixteen independent channels, numbered 1–16. A device may listen to specific channels and ignore messages on other channels (

796:

to other sound card manufacturers, it established a universal standard MIDI-to-PC interface. The widespread adoption of MIDI led to computer-based

61: 7256:"News: MIDI Manufacturers Association to Host Business Strategy Session on New Advanced Musical Instrument Control Technology at Winter NAMM Show" 5611: 5586: 5232: 4739: 3059:) is hardware that transports bytes between digital devices. When MIDI was new, most synthesizers used discrete, external UART chips, such as the 1311:

Early PC games were distributed on floppy disks, and the small size of MIDI files made them a viable means of providing soundtracks. Games of the

9081: 6209: 6046: 5912: 4461: 2497:

As computer-based studio setups became common, MIDI devices that could connect directly to a computer became available. These typically used the

4687: 6530: 5660: 5304: 5281: 4772: 7146: 5863: 4364: 6130: 4896: 4097: 734:(GM) to share musical data files among various electronic instruments. The data composed via the sequenced MIDI recordings can be saved as a 6176: 5811: 5564: 4941: 4817: 2131:

specifies the percussion sound that a given note triggers. MIDI note numbers shown in parentheses next to their corresponding keyboard note.

1645:

that can be used to control signal routing in their virtual reproduction of the MS-20 synthesizer and can also control third-party devices.

975:

SMFs are created as an export format of software sequencers or hardware workstations. They organize MIDI messages into one or more parallel

487:

in a home environment, an artist can reduce recording costs by arriving at a recording studio with a partially completed song. In 2022, the

8282: 6479: 5635: 5169: 4918: 4258: 6631: 6503: 4301: 3773: 9409: 9234: 9112: 8243:

Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.

6758: 5425: 2696: 2196: 630: 586: 257: 5488: 3170: 2608:

implementations of MIDI provide network routing capabilities, and the high-bandwidth channel that earlier alternatives to MIDI, such as

652: 608: 564: 9074: 7688: 7440: 5063: 5006: 4872: 4627: 3434: 393:

synthesizers. The MIDI specification was published in August 1983. The MIDI standard was unveiled by Kakehashi and Smith, who received

7418: 6016: 8216: 7355: 6810: 6782: 6428: 4521: 2945: 1773:

signals to control pre-MIDI analog synthesizers. MIDI sequencers typically are operated by transport features modeled after those of

1608:

flexible, and MIDI compatibility was introduced to other types of controllers, including guitars, and other stringed instruments and

1032: 797: 4491: 4343: 3886: 7845: 7388: 4981: 3371: 7332: 6662: 6302: 3848:"The MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) and the Association of Music Electronics Industry (AMEI) announce MIDI 2.0™ Prototyping" 9275: 7708: 7026: 6720: 6260: 5258: 5400: 2731:

The MIDI 2.0 standard was unveiled on January 17, 2020, at the Winter NAMM Show in Anaheim, California. Representatives Yamaha,

256:(MMA). All official MIDI standards are jointly developed and published by the MMA in Los Angeles, and the MIDI Committee of the 7515: 6575: 3607: 2455:, etc.) disappeared from personal computers. Linux, Microsoft Windows, Macintosh OS X, and Apple iOS operating systems include 2312: 468:. The creative possibilities brought about by MIDI technology are credited for helping revive the music industry in the 1980s. 6841: 6551: 6404: 6326: 4413: 4385: 4045: 9566: 6155: 6101: 5712: 4789: 4551: 4439: 4295: 4252: 4079: 3740: 3566: 3500: 3401: 3281: 3261: 2394:

individually. The specifications were released in November 2017 by AMEI and in January 2018 by the MMA. Instruments like the

7234: 5161: 2180:

A general opinion quickly formed that the GM's 128-instrument sound set was not large enough. Roland's General Standard, or

1896:

can sound multiple notes simultaneously, until the device's polyphony limit is reached, or the notes reach the end of their

1199:' Kore was an effort to bring the editor/librarian concept into the age of software instruments, but was abandoned in 2011. 9612: 7896: 7567: 7099: 6863: 5880: 5375: 5353: 2506: 1520: 276:

manufactured by different companies. Manufacturers had their own proprietary standards to synchronize instruments, such as

6910: 6455: 6281: 3918: 7291: 5975: 5749: 5536: 5462: 5330: 697: 7602: 5681: 3822: 7949: 7788: 7718: 6605: 4705: 4144: 3391: 3304: 1519:

port, emits a copy of everything received at the input port, allowing data to be forwarded to another instrument in a

440:

technology. Smith believed MIDI could only succeed if every manufacturer adopted it, and so "we had to give it away".

7778: 7207: 3802: 3767: 3679: 2718: 1867: 1825: 79: 7124: 6997: 6076: 5783: 4320: 8275: 7876: 5838: 5086: 2489:. It was released in the pre-MIDI years and later retrofitted with a MIDI interface but keeping its XLR connector. 2268:

and is independent of tempo. MTC, like SMPTE code, includes position information and can recover in the event of a

1000: 6233: 5032: 3522: 7480: 7074: 6347: 2700: 2617: 1339:, the technique's pioneer, theorized that the technology would be capable of accurate recreation of any sound if 1065:

Sequencing software allows recorded MIDI data to be manipulated using standard computer editing features such as

867:

MIDI files contain sound events such as a finger striking a key, which can be visualized using software such as

6933: 252:

MIDI technology was standardized in 1983 by a panel of music industry representatives, and is maintained by the

7668: 7488: 5885: 5833: 3459: 3120: 3108: 2366:

transmission of information about sample loop points, without requiring that the entire sample be transmitted.

1734:

separate output. The individual drum voices may be playable from another MIDI instrument, or from a sequencer.

1234:(DAC) to a power amplifier and loudspeaker system. The number of sounds that can be played simultaneously (the 984:

store multiple arrangements, with each arrangement having its own track and intended to be played in sequence.

890: 253: 99: 9514: 8220: 7871: 7840: 5141: 4130: 4026: 1368: 881:

can have inconsistent quality from one sampled instrument to another. Early budget-priced cards, such as the

386: 273: 179: 7493: 6956: 5510: 9622: 9534: 9509: 9203: 9138: 7818: 2798:, among others. In January 2020, Roland announced the A-88mkII controller keyboard that supports MIDI 2.0. 1704: 1696: 1492: 751: 461: 238: 5195: 2260:, implements SysEx messages developed specifically for timing purposes, and can translate to and from the 1367:

uses MIDI commands to direct stage lighting systems and to trigger cued events in theatrical productions.

8704: 8268: 8144: 8083: 7938: 4606: 2459:

drivers to support devices that use the "Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices".

2316: 2311:

MIDI Show Control is used to cue and synchronize lighting and effects for theatrical events, such as the

1231: 7176: 6377: 5217: 4656: 2340:

systems. Applications include stage productions, museum exhibits, recording studio control systems, and

1375:

use it to cue clips, and to synchronize equipment, and recording systems use it for synchronization and

9481: 7743: 7508: 5608: 5582: 5240: 4747: 4196:

The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies, and Emerging Applications

4163: 1284: 730:

Some composers may take advantage of standard, portable set of commands and parameters in MIDI 1.0 and

520: 206:(which contains synthesized musical sounds) to generate sounds, which the audience hears produced by a 8113: 6206: 6043: 4469: 2612:, were intended to bring. Proprietary implementations have existed since the 1980s, some of which use 330: 9617: 9529: 9471: 9370: 8841: 8836: 7798: 5950: 4684: 2983: 2760: 1484: 1060: 877: 705: 344: 219: 6527: 5656: 5312: 5289: 4769: 1798:

H3000 Ultra-harmonizer allows such extensive MIDI control that it is playable as a synthesizer. The

1777:. They are capable of recording MIDI performances and arranging them into individual tracks using a 1274:

programming language, which was capable of non-real-time sound generation. Reality, by Dave Smith's

9539: 9504: 9432: 9417: 9213: 7468: 7154: 5860: 5808: 5561: 2269: 1947:

Channel Voice messages transmit real-time performance data over a single channel. Examples include

1515:

Most devices do not copy messages from their input to their output port. A third type of port, the

17: 6122: 4893: 4105: 2466: 2380:

The Downloadable Sounds (DLS) specification, ratified in 1997, allows mobile devices and computer

960:

extension. The compact size of these files led to their widespread use in computers, mobile phone

727:

programs provide computer-generated performances that can be used as song ideas or accompaniment.

8251: 8226: 8118: 7773: 7448: 7426: 6184: 4949: 4814: 4393: 2087:

R3 to the receiver's voltage supply. While the supplies in the original specification are 5

1708: 1504: 933: 724: 6476: 5632: 4926: 2687:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

2022: 1674:

module includes a screen, so the user can view information for the currently selected function.

7808: 6635: 6500: 3080:

MIDI nominally uses a +5 volt source, in which case the resistance assignments are R1=R2=R4=220

2940: 2905: 2895: 2764: 2555: 2052:

from the sender's high voltage supply, which travels rightwards along the red lines though the

868: 394: 167: 7441:"Arne Scheffler and Janne Roeper - Support of MIDI2 and MIDI-CI in VST3 instruments - YouTube" 6750: 5422: 4238: 1828:

of two MIDI bytes. Each 8-bit byte is preceded by a start bit and succeeded by a stop bit for

9627: 9499: 9375: 8072: 8025: 7881: 7653: 7501: 6690:"MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) Adopts MIDI Capability Inquiry (MIDI-CI) Specification" 5484: 4869: 4281: 3794: 3788: 3757: 3427:"The life and times of Ikutaro Kakehashi, the Roland pioneer modern music owes everything to" 3178: 2594: 2482: 2395: 2140: 1829: 1091: 1038: 622: 578: 308: 31: 5055: 5014: 3426: 2124: 721:

ability to compose ideas and quickly hear them played back enables composers to experiment.

717:. Compositions can be programmed for MIDI that are impossible for human performers to play. 519:

Synthesizers and samplers contain various tools for shaping an electronic or digital sound.

9494: 9466: 9385: 9312: 8068: 7921: 7803: 6008: 2920: 2756: 2281: 2234: 2224: 2200: 2167: 1897: 1778: 1700: 1458: 1397: 1384: 1221: 1087: 976: 836: 714: 644: 600: 556: 297: 175: 9351: 9175: 6806: 6778: 6425: 4529: 3879:"An Update to a 37-Year-Old Digital Protocol Could Profoundly Change the Way Music Sounds" 1491:

capability in MIDI, so the maximum cable length is set at 15 meters (49 ft) to limit

1041:

allows simultaneous operation of programs that may be able to share data with each other.

245:

controller device) can be connected to any other MIDI-compatible sequencer, sound module,

8: 9299: 7980: 7535: 4499: 4351: 4329: 3878: 2510: 2034: 1288: 1151: 1066: 996: 465: 374: 312: 285: 199: 171: 4989: 1870:

as described in the figure. The first bit of each byte identifies whether the byte is a

1503:

To save space, some MIDI devices (smaller ones in particular) started using 3.5 mm

800:

being developed. Soon after, a number of platforms began supporting MIDI, including the

233:, ease of modification and manipulation and a wide choice of electronic instruments and 9365: 9193: 9103: 8950: 8485: 8291: 7524: 6658: 6299: 5913:"[Updated] How to Make Your Own 3.5mm mini stereo TRS-to-MIDI 5 pin DIN cables" 4368: 3965: 3957: 3145: 2978:

is used because it is an exact division of 1 MHz, a common divisor of the maximum

2925: 2900: 2791: 2783: 2775: 2641: 2624:

open specification has gained industry support. Apple has supported this protocol from

2586: 2578: 2550: 2542: 2414:

let users control pitch, timbre, and other nuances for individual notes within chords.

1707:

and save it to a hard disk, apply effects to it, and shape it with the same tools that

1376: 1340: 1196: 980: 907: 781: 316: 293: 207: 163: 7023: 6871: 6728: 6257: 5459: 5254: 2128: 1939:

sent on only one of the 16 channels and monitored only by devices on that channel, or

9024: 8490: 8480: 8455: 8400: 8395: 8305: 7970: 7592: 7528: 7043:

Golden Age of Wireless: Korg iOS Sync, Android + MIDI Hardware, Enter Bluetooth MIDI?

5708: 4695:

O'Reilly Digital Media Blog. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 6 October 2005. Web. 22 August 2012

4291: 4248: 3798: 3763: 3736: 3562: 3397: 3324: 3257: 3141: 3128: 2652:. iOS devices are able to function as MIDI control surfaces, using Wi-Fi and OSC. An 2509:

models. MIDI interfaces intended for use as the centerpiece of a studio, such as the

2329: 2324: 2230: 1743: 1483:

keep MIDI devices electrically separated from their MIDI connections, which prevents

1364: 1295:

Pulsar/SCOPE systems, which power an entire recording studio's worth of instruments,

1147: 1143: 1074: 992: 821: 761: 701: 289: 9066: 7419:"Mike Kent, Florian Bomers, & Brett Porter - Introduction to MIDI 2.0 - YouTube" 6567: 4198:. Ed. Julie A. Jacko; Andrew Sears. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003. p.227 3969: 3940:

Paul, Craner (October 1991). "New Tool for an Ancient Art: The Computer and Music".

397:

in 2013 for their work. In 1983, the first instruments were released with MIDI, the

9050: 8560: 8390: 8385: 8380: 7703: 6838: 6452: 6401: 6323: 4405: 3949: 3882: 3303:

samples, Electronic Musician – featuring gear reviews, audio tutorials, loops and.

3068: 2605: 2590: 2456: 2333: 2238: 2084: 1885:

mode), or it can listen to all channels, effectively ignoring the channel address (

1766: 1667: 1466: 1252: 1225: 817: 398: 390: 195: 135: 6152: 6098: 4837:

Gellerman, Elizabeth. "Audio Editing SW Is Music to Multimedia Developers' Ears".

4797: 4559: 4075: 2562:

synthesizer, and in third-party products such as the PreSonus FIREstation and the

708:(DAWs) are specifically designed to work with MIDI as an integral component. MIDI 116: 8770: 8627: 8360: 7833: 7683: 7663: 7538: 7484: 7472: 7238: 7231: 7211: 7103: 7049: 7030: 6845: 6814: 6786: 6762: 6534: 6507: 6483: 6459: 6432: 6408: 6384: 6330: 6306: 6264: 6237: 6213: 6159: 6105: 6050: 5867: 5815: 5753: 5701: 5664: 5639: 5615: 5568: 5466: 5429: 5379: 5357: 5334: 4900: 4876: 4821: 4776: 4691: 4663: 4435: 4389: 4380: 4324: 4083: 4030: 3790:

Unlocking the Groove: Rhythm, Meter, and Musical Design in Electronic Dance Music

3491: 2744: 2632:

driver based on Apple's implementation exists for Windows XP and newer versions.

2102:

provides, which results in no current flow. This avoids wasting power when idle.

2080: 2016: 1747: 1613: 1609: 1583: 1488: 1256: 1247: 1056: 1050: 770: 472: 449: 410: 215: 5370: 5350: 3277: 2563: 9242: 9045: 8918: 8908: 8883: 8878: 8637: 8632: 8605: 8565: 8515: 8470: 8355: 8350: 8134: 7828: 7753: 7678: 7582: 7557: 6961: 6902: 6285: 4125: 3908: 3556: 3251: 3144:

PC900, but modern designs frequently use the 6N138. The opto-isolator provides

3116: 3104: 2740: 2582: 2462: 2341: 2337: 2261: 2099: 2053: 2049: 1719: 1574:

refers to audible timing errors that result when MIDI transmission is delayed.

1542: 1474: 1230:

Computers can use software to generate sounds, which are then passed through a

1101: 755: 480: 7281: 5745: 5532: 5326: 2426:, the same data can be transmitted over different hardware transports such as 1637:, and Korg's MS-20ic controller, a reproduction of the control panel on their 249:, synthesizer, or computer, even if they are made by different manufacturers. 57: 9607: 9601: 9350: 8966: 8893: 8888: 8873: 8815: 8795: 8749: 8729: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8555: 8520: 8495: 8465: 8460: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8370: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8206: 8093: 7985: 7933: 7916: 7698: 7597: 7587: 7562: 7523: 5685: 5308: 5213: 4317: 3818: 2890: 2525: 2518: 2486: 2423: 2403: 2265: 2251: 2148: 2068: 2030: 1795: 1604: 1480: 1470: 1462: 1454: 1347: 1336: 1320: 1300: 1279: 1167: 1070: 886: 484: 453: 406: 191: 7096: 6597: 4148: 2699:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

8934: 8913: 8903: 8898: 8785: 8780: 8719: 8699: 8550: 8525: 8475: 8450: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8345: 7943: 7886: 7738: 7643: 7286: 4287: 4168: 4050: 3355: 2885: 2877: 2589:

SP Sample Playback Synthesizer) for fast bidirectional sample transport to

2559: 2399: 2119: 2060: 2056: 2012: 1848: 1841: 1807: 1803: 1791: 1730: 1684: 1658: 1642: 1634: 1622: 1457:(DIN 41524). Typical applications use only three of the five conductors: a 1380: 1351: 1324: 1316: 1275: 1097: 1083: 840: 809: 731: 513: 489: 471:

MIDI introduced capabilities that transformed the way many musicians work.

418: 402: 301: 269: 246: 203: 122: 7204: 6989: 4010:

Building Choral Excellence: Teaching Sight-Singing in the Choral Rehearsal

1806:, has a MIDI connection so that it can have its tempo synchronized with a 1126:

With MIDI, notes played on a keyboard can automatically be transcribed to

9450: 8987: 8982: 8775: 8714: 8709: 8621: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8445: 8440: 8405: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8211: 8190: 8108: 7953: 7891: 7866: 7793: 7577: 7572: 7120: 6068: 5776: 4046:"Dave Smith: the synth genius who made pop's instruments work in harmony" 3592:

Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition

2935: 2910: 2613: 2502: 2465:

developed the FireWire interface during the 1990s. It began to appear on

2045: 1372: 1296: 1263: 1243: 1179: 1131: 1127: 1121: 1079: 979:

and time-stamp the events so that they can be played back in sequence. A

953: 792:, capable of MIDI sound processing and sequencing. After Roland sold MPU 766: 673: 665: 437: 365: 352:, but Smith felt this was "a little corny". However, he liked the use of 234: 226: 8030: 5870:". Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. 2010. Web. 13 August 2012. 5828: 5818:". Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. 2010. Web. 13 August 2012. 5571:". Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. 2010. Web. 13 August 2012. 3961: 1592:

Smaller MIDI controllers are popular due to their portability. This two-

304:, who had developed his own proprietary interface, the Oberheim System. 9524: 9519: 9332: 8575: 8570: 8064: 7763: 7552: 6230: 5028: 3953: 3064: 2979: 2498: 2381: 2375: 2354: 2257: 2208: 1905: 1893: 1818: 1799: 1418: 1328: 1292: 1207:

Programs that can dynamically generate accompaniment tracks are called

1163: 1012: 921: 793: 789: 739: 709: 688: 369: 186:, and related audio devices for playing, editing, and recording music. 7066: 4779:". Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. 2010. Web 13 August 2012 1972:

and corresponds to a frequency range of 8.175799 to 12543.85 Hz.

1082:

that can be used to create printed parts for musicians. Tools such as

535:, and these patches can be remotely selected by MIDI program changes. 9340: 9008: 9003: 8653: 8260: 8088: 8078: 8045: 8040: 7975: 7850: 7638: 7623: 7618: 4713: 4244: 3984:

Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture

3177:, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, archived from 2975: 2930: 2779: 2661: 2649: 2478: 2452: 2411: 2336:

show control devices such as lighting, music and sound playback, and

2204: 2189: 2181: 2175: 2171: 2094:

To transmit a logic 1, a stop bit, and while idle, the sender's

2064: 1833: 1774: 1757: 1546: 1389: 1332: 1267: 1235: 1155: 805: 528: 382: 230: 229:

that stores and exchanges the data. Advantages of MIDI include small

6892:"CS2x Control Synthesizer Owner's Manual". Yamaha Corporation, 1998. 6659:"For Developers of MIDI Sound Generators: How to add MPE Capability" 5583:"MIDI Router Control Center a modern reinvention of the MIDI router" 1988:

controller can address two devices of the same model independently.

1315:

and early Windows eras typically required compatibility with either

307:

Kakehashi felt the Oberheim System was too cumbersome, and spoke to

9324: 9208: 8098: 8035: 7768: 7628: 6490:. The University of Virginia. 25 October 2004. Web. 17 August 2012. 5980: 3913: 2915: 2752: 2748: 2625: 2621: 2448: 2435: 2431: 2307: 1703:(RAM), and play it back. Samplers typically allow a user to edit a 1617: 1558: 1554: 1394: 1109: 965: 961: 831:

In 2015, Retro Innovations released the first MIDI interface for a

825: 801: 448:

MIDI's appeal was originally limited to professional musicians and

426: 281: 183: 7477: 7389:"Details about MIDI 2.0™, MIDI-CI, Profiles and Property Exchange" 7356:"Roland's A-88MKII keyboard is a sign that MIDI 2.0 is on the way" 5449:. 4th Ed. Ed. John Borwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. 4628:"The Internet's First Hit File Format Wasn't the MP3. It Was MIDI" 4023: 3706:"Ikutaro Kakehashi, Dave Smith: Technical GRAMMY Award Acceptance" 1653: 1430: 1262:

The roots of software synthesis go back as far as the 1950s, when

9422: 9317: 9120: 8857: 8375: 8231: 8185: 8169: 7995: 7813: 7758: 7693: 7648: 7325:"Details about MIDI 2.0, MIDI-CI, Profiles and Property Exchange" 4971:, 4th Ed. Ed. John Borwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 4802:

a Type 2 was also specified originally but never really caught on

2787: 2629: 2011:

MIDI 1.0's electrical interface is based around a fully isolated

2003:

usually published as part of the documentation for MIDI devices.

1770: 1712: 1271: 1136: 969: 785: 677: 277: 6284:. MIDI Manufacturers Association. 17 August 2012. Archived from 5943:"A simplified guide to MIDI over TRS minijacks – minimidi.world" 780:

The spread of MIDI on home computers was largely facilitated by

9257: 9183: 9148: 9055: 9040: 8820: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8790: 8754: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8724: 8365: 8164: 8055: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 7823: 7713: 7673: 7633: 7282:"NAMM 2013: Panel discussion: Past, present and future of MIDI" 6751:"Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices" 6721:"Three pioneers discuss Multidimensional Polyphonic Expression" 6466:. Richmond Sound Design, Ltd. 17 July 2012. Web. 17 August 2012 5684:. MIDI Manufacturers Association. 1 August 1012. Archived from 5162:"Identifying & Solving PC MIDI & Audio Timing Problems" 4222:

The Muse That Sings: Composers Speak about the Creative Process

2771: 2407: 2184:, included additional sounds, drumkits and effects, provided a 1847:

is only 25 kbit/s. Each byte with its frame uses 320

1837: 1593: 1192: 1159: 832: 669: 524: 8535: 8149: 8060: 6629: 5646:. New Bay Media. 1 October 2000. Web. Retrieved 8 August 2012. 5337:

The Washington Post. Washingtonpost Newsweek Interactive. 1993

4600: 2237:(MTS), ratified in 1992, allows alternate tunings. MTS allows 2083:, so the receiver's UART can read the signal with the help of 1465:

of conductors (pins 4 and 5) that carry the MIDI signal as an

1383:

allows control of animation parameters through MIDI. The 1987

889:

and its compatibles, used a stripped-down version of Yamaha's

452:

who wanted to use electronic instruments in the production of

9582: 9380: 9360: 9307: 9289: 9280: 9198: 9188: 8159: 8050: 7990: 7928: 7901: 7783: 7733: 7658: 5533:"It's official: minijack connections are now kosher for MIDI" 5120:

Educational Technology: Best Practices from America's Schools

4857:

Aspects of Teaching Secondary Music: Perspectives on Practice

4121:"MIDI For Guitarists: A Crash Course In MIDI Effects Control" 3017:

Three variants on how to use TRS phone connectors are called

2657: 2645: 2522: 2515: 2422:

In addition to using a 31.25 kbit/s current-loop over a

2332:(MSC) is a set of SysEx commands for sequencing and remotely 2088: 2075:

is for protection. This current turns on the opto-isolator's

2072: 1864: 1856: 1822: 1638: 882: 813: 661: 324: 6852:. Music Manufacturers Association. n.d. Web. 27 August 2012. 2091:, the receiver and sender may use different voltage levels. 1752: 1588: 94: 9489: 9427: 9252: 9247: 9163: 9158: 8154: 8139: 7911: 7906: 7748: 7121:"TouchDAW – DAW controller and MIDI utilities for Android™" 6447: 6445: 4967:

Gibbs, Jonathan (Rev. by Peter Howell) "Electronic Music".

4585:

Crawford, Walt. "MIDI and Wave: Coping with the Language".

4086:

Canadian Musician. Norris-Whitney Communications Inc. 2008.

3060: 3056: 2829: 2795: 2732: 2653: 2609: 2577:

MIDI Device Interface (SMDI) was used by some samplers and

2574: 2546: 2537: 2095: 2041: 1860: 1401: 320: 150: 7218:. MIDI Manufacturers Association. n.d. Web. 22 August 2012 6244:. MIDI Manufacturers Association. n.d. Web. 17 August 2012 5942: 4657:

Synth School, Part 3: Digital Synthesis (FM, PD & VPM)

3680:"Technical GRAMMY Award: Ikutaro Kakehashi And Dave Smith" 1453:

Per the original MIDI 1.0 standard, cables terminate in a

8103: 7728: 7723: 6632:"MIDI Polyphonic Expression (MPE) Specification Adopted!" 4855:

Desmond, Peter. "ICT in the Secondary Music Curriculum".

4828:. Library of Congress. 26 March 2012. Web. 18 August 2012 4279: 3393:

Keyboard Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music

3081: 2427: 2076: 2044:

produces a low voltage. This results in a nominal 5

2040:

To transmit a logic 0 and a start bit, the sender's

1918:

receiving devices may be set to all four combinations of

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full-size keyboard instruments, plus outboard mixing and

7465: 7274: 6442: 1487:

and protects equipment from voltage spikes. There is no

5671:. Vol. 3, No. 1 (Winter 1999). Roland Corporation, U.S. 5460:

Richmond Sound Design – Frequently Asked Questions

4710:

Apple Developer Documentation: Uniform Type Identifiers

4365:

MIDI PROCESSING UNIT MPU-401 TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL

2067:

R1 and R2 limit the current and are equal to provide a

1737: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5255:"Syntauri alphaSyntauri | Vintage Synth Explorer" 4224:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. p. 67-68,72 2566:. No new mLan products have been released since 2007. 2029:"DIN / TRS" in this schematic indicates that either a 1794:

can be remotely controlled via MIDI. For example, the

27:

Connection standard for electronic musical instruments

9096: 7478:

You can download English-language MIDI specifications

5503:"Specification for TRS Adapters Adopted and Released" 3669:. 1985. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print. 2492: 2158:, is used for devices with limited processing power. 1832:

purposes, to total 10 bits. So while the 31,250

6864:"Voyetra 8: The original rackmount analog polysynth" 5692: 4883:. Condé Nast. 27 February 2000. Web. 13 August 2012. 2867: 2569: 1964:. This extends beyond the 88-note piano range from A 1878:

byte, and is followed by seven bits of information.

1641:

analog synthesizer. The MS-20ic controller includes

828:

shipped with MIDI ports as part of the base system.

202:

or other controller and use it to trigger a digital

147: 5763: 3842: 3840: 3140:MIDI's original reference design uses the obsolete 2481:synthesizer was an early MIDI implementation using 1561:or a proprietary connection. The increasing use of 141: 138: 52:

may be too technical for most readers to understand

5700: 5485:"What if we used stereo minijack cables for MIDI?" 4859:. ed. Gary Spruce. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2002 3490: 2417: 2143:, which in turn fixes middle C as note number 60. 493:wrote that MIDI remained as important to music as 421:) and adapted to new connection standards such as 5727:Preve, Francis. "Dave Smith", in "The 1st Annual 5013:. Cakewalk, Inc. 26 November 2010. Archived from 4796:. Music Manufacturers Association. Archived from 3735:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 56. 9599: 7097:XBee Adapter – wireless Arduino programming 6555:The MIDI Technical Fanatic's Brainwashing Center 6413:The MIDI Technical Fanatic's Brainwashing Center 6335:The MIDI Technical Fanatic's Brainwashing Center 6311:The MIDI Technical Fanatic's Brainwashing Center 6164:The MIDI Technical Fanatic's Brainwashing Center 4940:Johnson, Derek; Poyser, Debbie (December 1998). 4313: 4311: 4194:Brewster, Stephen. "Nonspeech Auditory Output". 4012:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. p. 17 3986:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. p.191 3837: 198:. One common MIDI application is to play a MIDI 7846:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) 7319: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7226: 7224: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6630:MIDI Manufacturers Association (January 2018). 6057:. New York University. n.d. Web. 18 August 2012 3523:"MIDI History:Chapter 6-MIDI Is Born 1980–1983" 3492:"The 'USI', or Universal Synthesizer Interface" 1473:footswitch controllers, use the spare pins for 788:, released in 1984, as the first MIDI-equipped 660:A combination of the previous four files, with 385:, Smith demonstrated a MIDI connection between 334:Dave Smith (right), one of the creators of MIDI 6522: 6520: 6112:. Prince George's Community College. n.d. Web. 5881:"MIDI 1.0 Universal System Exclusive Messages" 5735:(US). NewBay Media, LLC. Sep 2012. Print. p.18 5556: 5554: 3550: 3548: 2015:along the red and blue lines in the following 1908:instead terminates any previous note when new 1238:) is dependent on the power of the computer's 1202: 372:, announced MIDI in the October 1982 issue of 9082: 8276: 7509: 7248: 6957:"Integrating Samplers & Your PC Via SCSI" 6801: 6799: 6773: 6771: 6439:. Sweetwater Sound. n.d. Web. 15 August 2012. 5580: 5360:" Computer Shopper. SX2 Media Labs LLC. 1994. 5155: 5153: 5151: 5134:"Software Synthesis: The Wave Of The Future?" 4939: 4308: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3055:Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter ( 2833:protocol or manufacturer-specific protocols. 2388: 1904:MIDI commands are received. A device that is 401:and the Prophet 600. In 1983, the first MIDI 7411: 7383: 7381: 7306: 7221: 6677: 6514:. Sweetwater Sound. n.d. Web. 17 August 2012 5970: 5968: 5084: 4982:"Sound Quest MIDI Quest 11 Universal Editor" 4598: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3329:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3305:"The MIDI Association Launches at NAMM 2016" 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 2995:Assuming equal temperament and 440 Hz A 2006: 1975: 876:to share music online, before the advent of 7433: 6765:. 1 November 1999. Accessed 22 August 2012. 6625: 6623: 6517: 5551: 5382:Computer Shopper. SX2 Media Labs LLC. 1994. 5001: 4999: 4651: 4649: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4232: 4230: 4190: 4188: 4186: 3755: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3545: 3460:"Historical Early MIDI Documents Uncovered" 2151:, and Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs). 1813: 1699:can record and digitize audio, store it in 1443: 258:Association of Musical Electronics Industry 210:. MIDI data can be transferred via MIDI or 9089: 9075: 8283: 8269: 7516: 7502: 7232:General Meeting for MIDI developers by MMA 7199: 7197: 6987: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6796: 6768: 5622:. Apple, Inc. 18 July 2005. 8 August 2012. 5445:Mornington-West, Allen. "Digital Theory". 5181: 5179: 5148: 5114: 5112: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4678: 4676: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3489:Smith, Dave; Wood, Chet (1 October 1981). 3041:became part of the MIDI standard in 2018. 2818: 7378: 7347: 6038: 6036: 6034: 5965: 4740:"Standard MIDI Files (SMF) Specification" 3488: 3337: 3192: 2946:Synthetic music mobile application format 2719:Learn how and when to remove this message 1498: 1405:used MIDI to network computers together. 1215: 1173: 1033:Comparison of MIDI editors and sequencers 80:Learn how and when to remove this message 64:, without removing the technical details. 7110:. n.p. 17 May 2011. Web. 20 August 2012. 6620: 4996: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4646: 4574: 4273: 4227: 4183: 4118: 4034:, #26. 26 June 1996. Web. 22 August 2012 3749: 3630: 2854: 2836: 2600: 2549:protocol in 1999. It was conceived as a 2306: 2123: 1817: 1751: 1652: 1587: 1424:5-pin DIN MIDI cable plugged in a socket 854: 329: 115: 104: 93: 7194: 6934:"Peavey SP Sample Playback Synthesiser" 6824: 6477:An Inexpensive MIDI show-control System 6252: 6250: 5345: 5343: 5188:"Sound Synthesis On A Computer, Part 2" 5176: 5131: 5109: 4916: 4844: 4839:Technical Horizons in Education Journal 4673: 4207:Campbell, Drew. ""Click, Click. Audio" 3870: 3575: 3354: 2360: 1997: 112:Example of music created in MIDI format 14: 9600: 8290: 7451:from the original on 11 December 2021. 7429:from the original on 11 December 2021. 7399:from the original on 21 September 2022 6954: 6665:from the original on 17 September 2016 6031: 5841:from the original on 23 September 2021 5698: 5279: 5230: 5185: 5159: 5087:"Native Instruments discontinues Kore" 4161: 4070: 4068: 4043: 3819:"Roland - Company - History - History" 3786: 3470:from the original on 29 September 2020 3385: 3383: 3381: 2369: 2098:produces the same high voltage as its 1859:transmitted at 31,250 (±1%) 765:several early computer platforms. The 9567:Comparison of audio network protocols 9070: 8264: 7497: 7353: 7245:. Pro-Music-News. n.d. 22 August 2012 7177:"ADC 2019 Features MIDI 2.0 and more" 7127:from the original on 7 September 2016 6969:from the original on 22 December 2023 6931: 6913:from the original on 31 December 2012 6727:. Electronic Musician. Archived from 6608:from the original on 30 November 2012 6578:from the original on 27 November 2012 6352:. Sweetwater Sound. Summer 1996. Web" 6069:"General MIDI (GM) Level 1 Sound Set" 6019:from the original on 14 December 2023 5988:from the original on 15 December 2023 5953:from the original on 14 December 2023 5923:from the original on 14 December 2023 5789:from the original on 22 December 2015 5261:from the original on 7 September 2022 5172:from the original on 10 January 2012. 5097:from the original on 7 September 2022 5053: 5035:from the original on 7 September 2022 4956: 4599:Aboukhadijeh, Feross. (August 2018), 4304:from the original on 26 October 2017. 4095: 3909:"How MIDI changed the world of music" 3776:from the original on 26 October 2017. 3602: 3600: 3554: 3454: 3452: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3410:from the original on 1 February 2017. 3249: 3168: 2501:connector that was used by Apple for 1810:or time-based effects such as delay. 1526: 1357: 1166:software can produce MIDI files from 745: 676:added to complete the short song, in 506: 413:, the Roland MSQ-700, were released. 62:make it understandable to non-experts 7294:from the original on 14 October 2016 7262:from the original on 14 October 2016 7077:from the original on 5 December 2012 6541:. SOS Publications. Oct 2002. Print. 6426:Glossary: MIDI Machine Control (MMC) 6391:. SOS Publications. Jun 1996. Print. 6358:from the original on 5 December 2012 6247: 6220:. SOS Publications. Sep 1995. Print. 6006: 5482: 5436:. SOS Publications. Dec 2001. Print. 5340: 5302: 5122:. Larchmont: Eye on Education, 1999. 5007:"Desktop Music Handbook – MIDI" 4907:. SOS Publications. Dec 1998. Print. 4634:from the original on 4 December 2020 4416:from the original on 21 January 2021 4236: 4214: 3939: 3889:from the original on 2 February 2020 3876: 3793:. Indiana University Press. p. 3762:. Taylor & Francis. p. 66. 3730: 3712:from the original on 9 December 2014 3618:from the original on 20 October 2018 3431:FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music 3389: 3311:from the original on 14 October 2016 2809: 2671: 1765:Sequencer technology predates MIDI. 1738:Workstations and hardware sequencers 1115: 362:Musical Instrument Digital Interface 160:Musical Instrument Digital Interface 36: 7366:from the original on 8 January 2020 7000:from the original on 5 October 2015 6821:. SOS Publications. September 2000. 6133:from the original on 28 August 2012 6079:from the original on 15 August 2018 5777:"MIDI DIN Electrical Specification" 5589:from the original on 2 October 2022 5581:Julian Horsey (10 September 2019). 5491:from the original on 19 April 2023. 4609:from the original on 4 October 2018 4145:"Digital audio workstation – Intro" 4065: 3686:from the original on 22 August 2016 3533:from the original on 3 January 2023 3378: 3302: 2441: 2154:A simplified version of GM, called 1855:MIDI messages are made up of 8-bit 24: 6718: 6501:Glossary: MTS (MIDI Time Stamping) 6066: 5288:. SOS Publications. Archived from 5239:. SOS Publications. Archived from 5194:. SOS Publications. Archived from 5140:. SOS Publications. Archived from 4436:"MIDI Maestro – RETRO Innovations" 4261:from the original on 28 April 2017 4129:. SOS Publications. Archived from 3921:from the original on 27 April 2019 3597: 3515: 3503:from the original on 5 August 2020 3449: 3414: 3360:"Part IV: The Seeds of the Future" 3067:, but UARTs have since moved into 2493:Serial parallel, and joystick port 2275: 2218: 2161: 2021: 934:Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) 696:MIDI events can be sequenced with 687:Problems playing these files? See 545: 436:cited MIDI as an early example of 25: 9639: 9097:Digital audio and video protocols 7459: 6944:from the original on 16 May 2021. 6568:"Massey, Howard. "DLS Overview". 6009:"Practically MIDI (SOS Jan 1988)" 5893:from the original on 21 July 2023 5539:from the original on 24 July 2019 5132:Lehrman, Paul D. (October 1995). 4442:from the original on 1 March 2021 4280:Helen Casabona; David Frederick. 3825:from the original on 12 July 2017 3437:from the original on 3 April 2017 3370:(5). Penton Media. Archived from 3284:from the original on 16 June 2016 2570:SCSI MIDI Device Interface (SMDI) 2505:prior to the introduction of the 2472: 2129:General MIDI's Percussion Key Map 1868:asynchronous serial communication 1826:asynchronous serial communication 896: 850: 458:dawn of the personal computer era 417:standardized song files in 1991 ( 268:In the early 1980s, there was no 8534: 8247: 8246: 7169: 7147:"MIDI 2.0 at the 2020 NAMM Show" 7139: 7113: 7089: 7059: 7035: 7024:Windows RTP-MIDI driver download 7022:. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 August 2012 7012: 6981: 6948: 6925: 6895: 6886: 6861: 6855: 6793:. SOS Publications. August 2000. 6743: 6712: 6656: 6650: 6590: 6560: 6557:. n.p. n.d. Web. 13 August 2012. 6544: 6493: 6469: 6418: 6394: 6378:SMPTE & MTC (MIDI Time Code) 6370: 6340: 6337:. n.p. n.d. Web. 13 August 2012. 6316: 6313:. n.p. n.d. Web. 13 August 2012. 6292: 6274: 6223: 6199: 6169: 6145: 6115: 6091: 6060: 6000: 5976:"MIDI Tutorial - SparkFun Learn" 5935: 5905: 5873: 5853: 5821: 5801: 5738: 5620:Apple Coreaudio-api Mailing List 5231:Walker, Martin (November 1997). 5066:from the original on 2 June 2013 4770:Chapter Three: How MIDI works 10 4720:from the original on 22 May 2023 3999:. London: Routledge, 1994. p.286 3134: 3097: 3087: 3074: 3049: 3011: 3001: 2989: 2968: 2870: 2676: 2514:Some devices connected via PCs' 1785: 1725: 1448: 1429: 1417: 1327:, which generates sound through 1094:simplify the arranging process. 1001:Resource Interchange File Format 649: 627: 605: 583: 561: 341:Universal Synthesizer Interface, 134: 41: 6807:An Introduction To mLAN, Part 2 6779:An Introduction To mLAN, Part 1 6528:The Truth About Latency: Part 2 6271:. n.p. n.d. Web. 17 August 2012 6207:Yamaha MU50 & Yamaha CBX-K1 6166:. n.p. n.d. Web. 17 August 2012 6007:Russ, Martin (1 January 1988). 5861:Chapter Three: How MIDI works 9 5809:Chapter Three: How MIDI works 3 5774: 5721: 5674: 5649: 5625: 5601: 5574: 5562:Chapter Three: How MIDI works 2 5525: 5495: 5476: 5452: 5439: 5415: 5385: 5363: 5319: 5296: 5273: 5247: 5224: 5210:"MIDI Ancestors and Milestones" 5202: 5125: 5078: 5047: 5021: 4974: 4933: 4910: 4886: 4862: 4831: 4807: 4782: 4762: 4732: 4698: 4620: 4592: 4544: 4514: 4484: 4454: 4428: 4398: 4373: 4358: 4336: 4201: 4162:Forbes, Peter (14 March 2002). 4155: 4137: 4112: 4089: 4044:Stokes, William (3 June 2022). 4037: 4015: 4002: 3989: 3976: 3933: 3901: 3811: 3780: 3724: 3698: 3672: 2958: 2845: 2618:Internet Engineering Task Force 2418:Alternative hardware transports 2347: 2302: 2113: 1677: 1626: 1616:, which emulate the playing of 501: 178:that connect a wide variety of 7489:MIDI Manufacturers Association 7354:Deahl, Dani (7 January 2020). 6870:. Turtle Beach. Archived from 5886:MIDI Manufacturers Association 5834:MIDI Manufacturers Association 5483:Kirn, Peter (26 August 2015). 4589:. Vol. 20, No. 1. Jan/Feb 1996 4318:MIDI INTERFACES FOR THE IBM PC 4104:. NewBay Media. Archived from 4096:Sasso, Len (13 October 2011). 3787:Butler, Mark Jonathan (2006). 3482: 3296: 3270: 3171:"A brief Introduction to MIDI" 3162: 2528:found in many PC sound cards. 1648: 1577: 1323:audio cards. These cards used 1011:extension. RIFF-RMID has been 891:frequency modulation synthesis 538: 274:electronic musical instruments 254:MIDI Manufacturers Association 180:electronic musical instruments 100:MIDI Manufacturers Association 13: 1: 7841:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect 6907:. n.p. n.d. Web. 18 Aug 2012" 5160:Walker, Martin (March 2001). 4919:"Yamaha FS1R Editor Software" 4917:Johnson, Derek (March 1999). 4382:Electronic and Computer Music 3877:Kopf, Dan (30 January 2020). 3667:Electronic and Computer Music 3155: 3131:is better than hole mobility. 2616:cables for transmission. The 2105: 1535: 1306: 1044: 987: 700:, or in specialized hardware 222:to be edited or played back. 7819:Intel QuickPath Interconnect 7809:Direct Media Interface (DMI) 7205:MMA HD Protocol Announcement 6988:Sweetwater (23 April 1999). 6839:MIDI Cables & Transports 5657:MIDI Performance Instruments 5393:"5 Pin DIN Electrical Specs" 5085:Ben Rogerson (7 June 2011). 4462:"Famimimidi Famicom Version" 4240:Sound Synthesis and Sampling 4119:Anderton, Craig (May 1995). 3942:Computers and the Humanities 3759:Sound Synthesis and Sampling 2701:Knowledge's inclusion policy 2357:, and Linux ALSA Sequencer. 2245: 2195:Member companies of Japan's 1510: 1100:creation is simplified, and 769:introduced MIDI support and 752:Comparison of MIDI standards 7: 9613:Computer hardware standards 7071:n.p. n.d. Web. 20 Aug 2012" 5609:Re: core midi time stamping 5186:Miller, Dennis (May 1997). 4815:RIFF-based MIDI File Format 4211:. Vol. 16, No. 3. Mar 2003. 3997:Understanding Popular Music 3594:. New York: Routledge, 2003 3555:Huber, David Miles (1991). 3250:Huber, David Miles (1991). 3169:Swift, Andrew. (May 1997), 2863: 2667: 2635: 2317:Universal Studios Hollywood 2229:Most MIDI synthesizers use 1929: 1782:and transfer capabilities. 1690: 1455:180° five-pin DIN connector 1341:enough sine waves were used 1259:in their sound generation. 1232:digital-to-analog converter 1203:Auto-accompaniment programs 1026: 995:bundles SMFs together with 479:MIDI also helped establish 10: 9644: 8532: 7804:Compute Express Link (CXL) 7056:. n.p. 25 March 2011. Web. 6402:MIDI Machine Control (MMC) 6123:""General MIDI Standard". 5760:. Accessed 21 August 2012. 5280:Wherry, Mark (June 2003). 5054:Price, Simon (July 2006). 4841:. Vol. 22, No. 2. Sep 1994 4283:Advanced MIDI Applications 3103:It is often easier to use 2535: 2389:MIDI Polyphonic Expression 2373: 2322: 2279: 2249: 2222: 2165: 2117: 1976:System Exclusive messages 1836:corresponds to 31.25 1741: 1581: 1408: 1285:Symbolic Sound Corporation 1219: 1142:Notation programs include 1119: 1054: 1048: 1030: 968:, and can be displayed by 749: 706:digital audio workstations 263: 29: 9575: 9559: 9552: 9480: 9459: 9441: 9408: 9401: 9349: 9298: 9266: 9233: 9226: 9174: 9129: 9111: 9102: 9033: 9017: 8996: 8975: 8959: 8943: 8927: 8866: 8850: 8829: 8763: 8692: 8646: 8614: 8543: 8298: 8240: 8199: 8178: 8127: 8041:IEEE-1284 (parallel port) 7963: 7956:logical device interface) 7859: 7611: 7545: 7048:11 September 2012 at the 6903:""PreSonus FIREstation". 5752:16 September 2012 at the 5305:"Sonic Core SCOPE Xite-1" 5056:"Native Instruments Kore" 4344:"Programming the MPU-401" 3561:. Carmel, Indiana: SAMS. 3497:Audio Engineering Society 3256:. Carmel, Indiana: SAMS. 2761:Time-Sensitive Networking 2751:-based protocols such as 2007:Electrical specifications 1477:(DC) power transmission. 1436:DIN connector pin numbers 1061:Digital audio workstation 932: 920: 913: 906: 878:broadband internet access 443: 345:Audio Engineering Society 220:digital audio workstation 7471:19 February 2018 at the 6602:. n.d. Web. 27 Aug 2012" 6572:. n.d. Web. 27 Aug 2012" 6533:25 December 2011 at the 6407:27 November 2012 at the 6329:12 February 2012 at the 6269:microtonal-synthesis.com 6263:18 November 2012 at the 6258:The MIDI Tuning Standard 6049:20 November 2012 at the 5663:18 November 2012 at the 5447:Sound Recording Practice 4969:Sound Recording Practice 4870:You Gotta Feel the Music 4164:"PCs hit the write note" 2951: 1814:Technical specifications 1709:subtractive synthesizers 1444:Connectors and interface 1287:'s Kyma System, and the 922:Internet media type 460:and the introduction of 239:digitally sampled sounds 214:cable, or recorded to a 6955:Walker, Martin (1996). 6844:4 November 2012 at the 6813:10 January 2012 at the 6506:5 December 2012 at the 6464:richmondsounddesign.com 6431:5 December 2012 at the 6383:10 January 2012 at the 6212:10 January 2012 at the 6158:23 October 2012 at the 6104:20 January 2013 at the 5614:28 October 2012 at the 5471:richmondsounddesign.com 4899:10 January 2012 at the 4892:Cook, Janet Harniman. " 4826:digitalpreservation.gov 4662:1 December 2005 at the 4406:"VIC-20 MIDI Cartridge" 4394:Oxford University Press 4388:26 October 2017 at the 4323:21 October 2015 at the 4098:"Sound Programming 101" 2819:MIDI Capability Inquiry 2767:(UDP)-based transport. 2556:digital mixing consoles 2531: 725:Algorithmic composition 395:Technical Grammy Awards 272:means of synchronizing 7603:List of bus bandwidths 7237:9 January 2012 at the 7054:createdigitalmusic.com 7029:16 August 2012 at the 6785:2 January 2016 at the 6755:USB Implementers Forum 6300:The beginnings of MIDI 6282:"MIDI Tuning Messages" 6236:3 January 2012 at the 5758:Vintage Synth Explorer 5746:Korg Legacy Collection 5699:Lanier, Jaron (2011). 5465:5 January 2006 at the 4894:Musitek Midiscan v2.51 4875:16 August 2009 at the 4820:17 August 2012 at the 4690:16 August 2012 at the 4379:Peter Manning (2013), 2906:List of music software 2896:Electronic drum module 2765:User Datagram Protocol 2595:magneto-optical drives 2320: 2132: 2026: 1852: 1762: 1662: 1597: 1499:TRS minijack connector 1216:Synthesis and sampling 1174:Editors and librarians 1105:computers or studios. 1017:Extensible Music Files 872: 550: 335: 168:communication protocol 126: 113: 102: 6932:Trask, Simon (1992). 6761:26 April 2015 at the 6099:General MIDI Standard 5707:. New York: Vintage. 5669:Instruments of Change 5638:23 March 2014 at the 5473:. Web. 5 August 2012. 5428:20 March 2012 at the 5423:TC Electronic G Major 4237:Russ, Martin (2012). 3374:on 28 September 2012. 2984:early microprocessors 2855:Data transfer formats 2837:Universal MIDI Packet 2601:Ethernet and Internet 2396:Continuum Fingerboard 2310: 2127: 2025: 1821: 1755: 1742:Further information: 1656: 1591: 1090:, randomization, and 866: 549: 409:, and the first MIDI 333: 176:electrical connectors 119: 111: 97: 32:MIDI (disambiguation) 8046:IEEE-1394 (FireWire) 7784:PCI Extended (PCI-X) 7466:The MIDI Association 7447:. 27 November 2019. 7425:. 27 November 2019. 7393:The MIDI Association 7302:– via YouTube. 6749:Ashour, Gal, et al. 6482:21 June 2012 at the 6458:17 July 2012 at the 6288:on 30 November 2012. 5917:The MIDI Association 5814:19 June 2015 at the 5703:You Are Not a Gadget 5567:17 June 2015 at the 5397:The MIDI Association 5292:on 25 December 2011. 5243:on 25 February 2015. 5168:. SOS Publications. 5118:Bozeman, William C. 4929:on 25 December 2011. 4556:Catskull Electronics 4526:Catskull Electronics 4496:Catskull Electronics 4466:Catskull Electronics 4008:Demorest, Steven M. 3917:. 28 November 2012. 3756:Martin Russ (2004). 3390:Kirn, Peter (2011). 3115:current than to use 2921:Music Macro Language 2757:Audio Video Bridging 2628:10.4 onwards, and a 2361:Sample dump standard 2282:MIDI Machine Control 2235:MIDI tuning standard 2225:MIDI tuning standard 2201:General MIDI Level 2 2168:General MIDI Level 2 1998:Implementation chart 1779:multitrack recording 1701:random-access memory 1505:TRS phone connectors 1461:wire (pin 2), and a 1398:computer puzzle game 1385:first-person shooter 1222:Software synthesizer 1135:can print scores in 837:Tandy Color Computer 715:multitrack recording 466:digital synthesizers 298:Oberheim Electronics 225:MIDI also defines a 30:For other uses, see 9623:Japanese inventions 7887:Parallel ATA (PATA) 7483:1 June 2016 at the 7290:. 4 February 2013. 7258:. 17 January 2015. 7210:14 May 2011 at the 7102:2 June 2012 at the 6940:(Aug 1992): 52–56. 6187:on 15 December 2023 6177:"General MIDI Lite" 6073:Hit Trax MIDI Files 6044:MIDI: sound control 6015:(Jan 1988): 56–59. 5866:7 June 2015 at the 5633:Mark of the Unicorn 5607:Robinson, Herbie. " 5315:on 30 October 2012. 5220:on 30 October 2012. 5198:on 10 January 2012. 5144:on 10 January 2012. 4800:on 22 August 2012. 4775:7 June 2015 at the 4630:. 8 November 2019. 4562:on 25 February 2021 4330:Electronic Musician 4151:on 10 January 2012. 4133:on 10 January 2012. 4102:Electronic Musician 3858:on 10 February 2019 3731:Vail, Mark (2014). 3708:. 9 February 2013. 3364:Electronic Musician 2581:in the 1990s (e.g. 2579:hard disk recorders 2511:Mark of the Unicorn 2507:Blue & White G3 2477:The Octave-Plateau 2370:Downloadable Sounds 2035:TRS phone connector 1067:cut, copy and paste 1003:(RIFF) wrapper, as 997:Downloadable Sounds 903: 381:At the 1983 Winter 368:, the president of 313:Sequential Circuits 311:, the president of 292:, the president of 286:Digital Control Bus 98:MIDI logo from the 9194:Open Sound Control 8292:Roland Corporation 7794:PCI Express (PCIe) 7243:pro-music-news.com 7020:tobias-erichsen.de 6731:on 11 January 2019 6700:on 23 January 2019 6638:on 2 November 2017 6488:Lighting TechNotes 6354:. Sweetwater.com. 6305:1 May 2012 at the 6231:About General MIDI 5829:"Request SysEx ID" 5535:. 21 August 2018. 5378:2 May 2013 at the 5356:2 May 2013 at the 5333:2 May 2013 at the 5325:David Nicholson. " 5062:. Sound on Sound. 5017:on 14 August 2012. 4750:on 23 October 2019 4602:Announcing BitMidi 4502:on 18 January 2021 4472:on 18 January 2021 4369:Roland Corporation 4082:2 May 2013 at the 4029:4 May 2012 at the 4021:Pertout, Andrian. 3954:10.1007/bf00120967 3396:. Backbeat Books. 3146:galvanic isolation 2926:Open Sound Control 2901:Guitar synthesizer 2792:Native Instruments 2564:Korg Triton Studio 2551:local area network 2321: 2133: 2069:balanced impedance 2027: 1980:System Exclusive ( 1853: 1763: 1663: 1598: 1527:Management devices 1358:Other applications 1209:auto-accompaniment 1197:Native Instruments 1075:Keyboard shortcuts 946:Standard MIDI File 908:Filename extension 902:Standard MIDI File 901: 873: 822:IBM PC compatibles 782:Roland Corporation 746:Use with computers 736:standard MIDI file 702:music workstations 551: 507:Instrument control 336: 208:keyboard amplifier 164:technical standard 127: 114: 103: 9595: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9548: 9547: 9397: 9396: 9222: 9221: 9064: 9063: 9025:Ikutaro Kakehashi 8258: 8257: 8244: 7971:Apple Desktop Bus 7948:PCI Express (via 7907:Serial ATA (SATA) 7593:Network on a chip 7335:on 15 August 2019 6526:Walker, Martin. " 5714:978-0-307-38997-8 5513:on 30 August 2023 5421:Lockwood, Dave. " 5303:Anderton, Craig. 5282:"Creamware SCOPE" 4952:on 15 April 2007. 4868:Solomon, Karen. " 4685:Finally: MIDI 2.0 4410:RETRO Innovations 4297:978-1-4574-3893-6 4254:978-1-136-12214-9 4108:on 17 March 2012. 3742:978-0-19-539481-8 3568:978-0-672-22757-8 3403:978-1-61713-446-3 3263:978-0-672-22757-8 3181:on 30 August 2012 3129:electron mobility 3127:current, because 2810:Property exchange 2729: 2728: 2721: 2521:, or through the 2330:MIDI Show Control 2325:MIDI Show Control 2231:equal temperament 1912:commands arrive. 1892:A device that is 1802:, a pedal-format 1767:Analog sequencers 1744:Music workstation 1629:to the protocol. 1365:MIDI Show Control 1253:operating systems 1116:Notation software 993:Microsoft Windows 942: 941: 938:public.midi-audio 864: 762:personal computer 698:computer software 655: 633: 611: 589: 567: 290:Ikutaro Kakehashi 172:digital interface 166:that describes a 109: 90: 89: 82: 16:(Redirected from 9635: 9618:Electronic music 9557: 9556: 9444: 9411: 9406: 9405: 9353: 9269: 9236: 9231: 9230: 9177: 9132: 9114: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9068: 9067: 8544:Electronic drums 8538: 8285: 8278: 8271: 8262: 8261: 8250: 8249: 8242: 7704:HP Precision Bus 7518: 7511: 7504: 7495: 7494: 7453: 7452: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7385: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7331:. Archived from 7321: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7252: 7246: 7228: 7219: 7201: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7157:on 10 April 2020 7153:. Archived from 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7117: 7111: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7063: 7057: 7039: 7033: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6938:Music Technology 6929: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6909:. Presonus.com. 6899: 6893: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6868:Keyboardmagazine 6859: 6853: 6835: 6822: 6803: 6794: 6775: 6766: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6696:. Archived from 6686: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6634:. Archived from 6627: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6564: 6558: 6548: 6542: 6524: 6515: 6497: 6491: 6473: 6467: 6449: 6440: 6422: 6416: 6415:. n.p. n.d. Web. 6398: 6392: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6344: 6338: 6320: 6314: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6278: 6272: 6254: 6245: 6227: 6221: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6183:. Archived from 6173: 6167: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6129:. Harfesoft.de. 6127:. n.p. n.d. Web" 6125:www.harfesoft.de 6119: 6113: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6064: 6058: 6042:Bello, Juan P. " 6040: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5972: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5877: 5871: 5859:Hass, Jeffrey. " 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5825: 5819: 5807:Hass, Jeffrey. " 5805: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5788: 5781: 5772: 5761: 5742: 5736: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5706: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5688:on 16 July 2012. 5678: 5672: 5653: 5647: 5629: 5623: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5578: 5572: 5560:Hass, Jeffrey. " 5558: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5509:. Archived from 5499: 5493: 5492: 5480: 5474: 5456: 5450: 5443: 5437: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5399:. Archived from 5389: 5383: 5369:Labriola, Don. " 5367: 5361: 5349:Levy, David S. " 5347: 5338: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5311:. Archived from 5300: 5294: 5293: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5216:. Archived from 5206: 5200: 5199: 5183: 5174: 5173: 5157: 5146: 5145: 5129: 5123: 5116: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5060:Soundonsound.com 5051: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5003: 4994: 4993: 4992:on 6 March 2014. 4988:. Archived from 4978: 4972: 4965: 4954: 4953: 4948:. Archived from 4937: 4931: 4930: 4925:. Archived from 4914: 4908: 4890: 4884: 4866: 4860: 4853: 4842: 4835: 4829: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4786: 4780: 4768:Hass, Jeffrey. " 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4746:. Archived from 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4702: 4696: 4682:Battino, David. 4680: 4671: 4670:Sep 1997. Print. 4653: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4558:. Archived from 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4528:. Archived from 4522:"GBA MIDI Synth" 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4498:. Archived from 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4468:. Archived from 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4402: 4396: 4377: 4371: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4350:. Archived from 4340: 4334: 4333:, September 1990 4315: 4306: 4305: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4234: 4225: 4220:McCutchan, Ann. 4218: 4212: 4209:Stage Directions 4205: 4199: 4192: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4147:. Archived from 4141: 4135: 4134: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4093: 4087: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4041: 4035: 4019: 4013: 4006: 4000: 3993: 3987: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3854:. Archived from 3844: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3676: 3670: 3665:Manning, Peter. 3663: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3604: 3595: 3588: 3573: 3572: 3552: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3494: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3456: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3433:. 2 April 2017. 3423: 3412: 3411: 3387: 3376: 3375: 3352: 3335: 3334: 3328: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3247: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3166: 3149: 3138: 3132: 3101: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3078: 3072: 3069:microcontrollers 3053: 3047: 3015: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2974:The 31,250 2972: 2966: 2962: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2724: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2704: 2680: 2679: 2672: 2606:Computer network 2591:hard disk drives 2485:in place of the 2442:USB and FireWire 2085:pull-up resistor 1937:channel messages 1668:read-only memory 1614:wind controllers 1610:drum controllers 1467:electric current 1433: 1421: 1226:Software sampler 1010: 959: 915: 904: 900: 865: 818:Acorn Archimedes 777:system in 1984. 657: 656: 635: 634: 613: 612: 591: 590: 569: 568: 548: 483:. By performing 450:record producers 399:Roland Jupiter-6 157: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 110: 85: 78: 74: 71: 65: 45: 44: 37: 21: 9643: 9642: 9638: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9598: 9597: 9596: 9587: 9571: 9544: 9476: 9455: 9437: 9393: 9345: 9294: 9262: 9218: 9170: 9125: 9098: 9095: 9065: 9060: 9029: 9013: 8992: 8971: 8955: 8939: 8923: 8862: 8851:MIDI interfaces 8846: 8825: 8759: 8688: 8642: 8610: 8596:TR-707 / TR-727 8539: 8530: 8294: 8289: 8259: 8254: 8245: 8236: 8195: 8174: 8123: 8036:IEEE-488 (GPIB) 7959: 7855: 7834:Infinity Fabric 7664:Europe Card Bus 7607: 7541: 7522: 7485:Wayback Machine 7473:Wayback Machine 7462: 7457: 7456: 7445:www.youtube.com 7439: 7438: 7434: 7423:www.youtube.com 7417: 7416: 7412: 7402: 7400: 7387: 7386: 7379: 7369: 7367: 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7323: 7322: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7280: 7279: 7275: 7265: 7263: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7239:Wayback Machine 7229: 7222: 7212:Wayback Machine 7202: 7195: 7185: 7183: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7119: 7118: 7114: 7104:Wayback Machine 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7050:Wayback Machine 7040: 7036: 7031:Wayback Machine 7017: 7013: 7003: 7001: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6953: 6949: 6930: 6926: 6916: 6914: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6874:on 30 June 2013 6860: 6856: 6846:Wayback Machine 6836: 6825: 6815:Wayback Machine 6805:Wiffen, Paul. " 6804: 6797: 6787:Wayback Machine 6777:Wiffen, Paul. " 6776: 6769: 6763:Wayback Machine 6748: 6744: 6734: 6732: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6688: 6687: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6628: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6598:""DLS 1 Spec". 6596: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6549: 6545: 6535:Wayback Machine 6525: 6518: 6508:Wayback Machine 6498: 6494: 6484:Wayback Machine 6474: 6470: 6460:Wayback Machine 6450: 6443: 6433:Wayback Machine 6423: 6419: 6409:Wayback Machine 6399: 6395: 6385:Wayback Machine 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6331:Wayback Machine 6321: 6317: 6307:Wayback Machine 6297: 6293: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6265:Wayback Machine 6255: 6248: 6238:Wayback Machine 6228: 6224: 6214:Wayback Machine 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6160:Wayback Machine 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6106:Wayback Machine 6096: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6065: 6061: 6051:Wayback Machine 6041: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6005: 6001: 5991: 5989: 5974: 5973: 5966: 5956: 5954: 5941: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5896: 5894: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5868:Wayback Machine 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5816:Wayback Machine 5806: 5802: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5773: 5764: 5754:Wayback Machine 5743: 5739: 5731:Hall of Fame". 5726: 5722: 5715: 5697: 5693: 5682:"MIDI Products" 5680: 5679: 5675: 5665:Wayback Machine 5654: 5650: 5640:Wayback Machine 5630: 5626: 5616:Wayback Machine 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5579: 5575: 5569:Wayback Machine 5559: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5481: 5477: 5467:Wayback Machine 5457: 5453: 5444: 5440: 5430:Wayback Machine 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5380:Wayback Machine 5368: 5364: 5358:Wayback Machine 5348: 5341: 5335:Wayback Machine 5324: 5320: 5301: 5297: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5229: 5225: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5184: 5177: 5158: 5149: 5130: 5126: 5117: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5052: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5005: 5004: 4997: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4966: 4957: 4938: 4934: 4915: 4911: 4901:Wayback Machine 4891: 4887: 4877:Wayback Machine 4867: 4863: 4854: 4845: 4836: 4832: 4822:Wayback Machine 4812: 4808: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4777:Wayback Machine 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4723: 4721: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4692:Wayback Machine 4681: 4674: 4664:Wayback Machine 4655:Wiffen, Paul. " 4654: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4612: 4610: 4597: 4593: 4584: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4532:on 1 March 2021 4520: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4492:"Teensyboy Pro" 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4390:Wayback Machine 4378: 4374: 4363: 4359: 4348:www.piclist.com 4342: 4341: 4337: 4325:Wayback Machine 4316: 4309: 4298: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4255: 4247:. p. 192. 4235: 4228: 4219: 4215: 4206: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4160: 4156: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4117: 4113: 4094: 4090: 4084:Wayback Machine 4076:Why Still MIDI? 4073: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4042: 4038: 4031:Wayback Machine 4024:Mixdown Monthly 4020: 4016: 4007: 4003: 3994: 3990: 3982:Macan, Edward. 3981: 3977: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3805: 3785: 3781: 3770: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3733:The Synthesizer 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3664: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3606: 3605: 3598: 3589: 3576: 3569: 3558:The MIDI Manual 3553: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3425: 3424: 3415: 3404: 3388: 3379: 3353: 3338: 3322: 3321: 3314: 3312: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3278:"What is MIDI?" 3276: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3253:The MIDI Manual 3248: 3193: 3184: 3182: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3152: 3139: 3135: 3123:transistors to 3111:transistors to 3102: 3098: 3092: 3088: 3079: 3075: 3054: 3050: 3016: 3012: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2857: 2848: 2839: 2821: 2812: 2745:transport layer 2725: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2691:Please help by 2690: 2681: 2677: 2670: 2638: 2603: 2572: 2545:introduced the 2540: 2534: 2495: 2483:XLR3 connectors 2475: 2444: 2420: 2391: 2378: 2372: 2363: 2350: 2327: 2305: 2284: 2278: 2276:Machine control 2254: 2248: 2227: 2221: 2219:Tuning standard 2178: 2166:Main articles: 2164: 2162:GS, XG, and GM2 2122: 2116: 2108: 2081:phototransistor 2009: 2000: 1978: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1941:system messages 1932: 1816: 1788: 1750: 1748:Music sequencer 1740: 1728: 1693: 1680: 1651: 1586: 1584:MIDI controller 1580: 1538: 1529: 1513: 1501: 1489:error detection 1471:phantom-powered 1451: 1446: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1411: 1360: 1309: 1228: 1220:Main articles: 1218: 1205: 1176: 1124: 1118: 1063: 1057:Audio sequencer 1053: 1051:Music sequencer 1047: 1035: 1029: 1008: 990: 957: 928: 916: 899: 855: 853: 758: 748: 694: 693: 685: 683: 682: 681: 680: 672:and four extra 658: 650: 647: 641: 640: 639: 636: 628: 625: 619: 618: 617: 614: 606: 603: 597: 596: 595: 592: 584: 581: 575: 574: 573: 570: 562: 559: 552: 546: 541: 509: 504: 473:MIDI sequencing 446: 360:, and proposed 266: 137: 133: 105: 86: 75: 69: 66: 58:help improve it 55: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9641: 9631: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9585: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9563: 9561: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9486: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9469: 9463: 9461: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9447: 9445: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9414: 9412: 9403: 9399: 9398: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9391: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9357: 9355: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9343: 9338: 9335: 9330: 9327: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9310: 9304: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9292: 9287: 9284: 9278: 9272: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9243:ADAT Lightpipe 9239: 9237: 9228: 9224: 9223: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9180: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9161: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9135: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9123: 9117: 9115: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9094: 9093: 9086: 9079: 9071: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9046:Tadao Kikumoto 9043: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9021: 9019: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8990: 8985: 8979: 8977: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8969: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8953: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8931: 8929: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8870: 8868: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8860: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8833: 8831: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8696: 8694: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8650: 8648: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8640: 8638:Roland keytars 8635: 8630: 8625: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8547: 8545: 8541: 8540: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8302: 8300: 8296: 8295: 8288: 8287: 8280: 8273: 8265: 8256: 8255: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8214: 8209: 8203: 8201: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8145:Intel HD Audio 8142: 8137: 8135:ADAT Lightpipe 8131: 8129: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7967: 7965: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7837: 7836: 7829:HyperTransport 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7615: 7613: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7583:Bus contention 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7558:Front-side bus 7555: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7542: 7539:computer buses 7521: 7520: 7513: 7506: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7475: 7461: 7460:External links 7458: 7455: 7454: 7432: 7410: 7377: 7346: 7305: 7273: 7247: 7220: 7193: 7168: 7138: 7112: 7088: 7073:. Hexler.net. 7058: 7041:Kirn, Peter. " 7034: 7011: 6980: 6962:Sound on Sound 6947: 6924: 6894: 6885: 6854: 6823: 6819:Sound on Sound 6795: 6791:Sound on Sound 6767: 6742: 6719:Robair, Gino. 6711: 6676: 6649: 6619: 6589: 6559: 6543: 6539:Sound on Sound 6516: 6512:sweetwater.com 6492: 6468: 6441: 6437:sweetwater.com 6417: 6400:Glatt, Jeff. " 6393: 6389:Sound on Sound 6376:White, Paul. " 6369: 6348:""Q & A". 6339: 6324:MIDI Time Code 6322:Glatt, Jeff. " 6315: 6298:Glatt, Jeff. " 6291: 6273: 6246: 6222: 6218:Sound on Sound 6205:Nagle, Paul. " 6198: 6168: 6151:Glatt, Jeff. " 6144: 6114: 6090: 6067:Ialuna, John. 6059: 6030: 6013:Sound on Sound 5999: 5964: 5947:minimidi.world 5934: 5904: 5872: 5852: 5820: 5800: 5762: 5737: 5720: 5713: 5691: 5673: 5648: 5631:Shirak, Rob. " 5624: 5600: 5573: 5550: 5524: 5494: 5475: 5451: 5438: 5434:Sound on Sound 5414: 5403:on 28 May 2021 5384: 5362: 5339: 5318: 5295: 5286:Sound on Sound 5272: 5246: 5237:Sound on Sound 5223: 5201: 5192:Sound on Sound 5175: 5166:Sound on Sound 5147: 5138:Sound on Sound 5124: 5108: 5077: 5046: 5020: 4995: 4973: 4955: 4946:Sound on Sound 4932: 4923:Sound on Sound 4909: 4905:Sound on Sound 4885: 4861: 4843: 4830: 4806: 4781: 4761: 4731: 4697: 4672: 4668:Sound on Sound 4645: 4619: 4591: 4573: 4543: 4513: 4483: 4453: 4427: 4397: 4372: 4357: 4354:on 6 May 2017. 4335: 4307: 4296: 4290:. p. 15. 4272: 4253: 4226: 4213: 4200: 4182: 4154: 4136: 4126:Sound on Sound 4111: 4088: 4064: 4036: 4014: 4001: 3988: 3975: 3948:(5): 308–309. 3932: 3900: 3869: 3836: 3810: 3803: 3779: 3768: 3748: 3741: 3723: 3697: 3671: 3629: 3596: 3590:Holmes, Thom. 3574: 3567: 3544: 3514: 3481: 3448: 3413: 3402: 3377: 3358:(1 May 2000). 3336: 3295: 3269: 3262: 3191: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3133: 3096: 3086: 3073: 3048: 3010: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2967: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2838: 2835: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2741:physical layer 2727: 2726: 2684: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2637: 2634: 2602: 2599: 2583:Kurzweil K2000 2571: 2568: 2536:Main article: 2533: 2530: 2499:8-pin mini-DIN 2494: 2491: 2474: 2473:XLR connectors 2471: 2463:Apple Computer 2457:standard class 2443: 2440: 2419: 2416: 2390: 2387: 2374:Main article: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2349: 2346: 2342:amusement park 2338:motion control 2323:Main article: 2315:attraction at 2304: 2301: 2280:Main article: 2277: 2274: 2262:SMPTE timecode 2250:Main article: 2247: 2244: 2223:Main article: 2220: 2217: 2199:developed the 2163: 2160: 2118:Main article: 2115: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2100:voltage supply 2008: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1977: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1931: 1928: 1900:, or explicit 1898:decay envelope 1815: 1812: 1787: 1784: 1739: 1736: 1727: 1724: 1720:Ensoniq Mirage 1692: 1689: 1679: 1676: 1650: 1647: 1582:Main article: 1579: 1576: 1543:D-subminiature 1537: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1512: 1509: 1500: 1497: 1481:Opto-isolators 1475:direct current 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1435: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1359: 1356: 1348:daughterboards 1308: 1305: 1217: 1214: 1204: 1201: 1175: 1172: 1120:Main article: 1117: 1114: 1049:Main article: 1046: 1043: 1031:Main article: 1028: 1025: 989: 986: 940: 939: 936: 930: 929: 926: 924: 918: 917: 912: 910: 898: 897:Standard files 895: 852: 851:Computer files 849: 756:Computer music 747: 744: 684: 659: 648: 643: 642: 637: 626: 621: 620: 615: 604: 599: 598: 593: 582: 577: 576: 571: 560: 555: 554: 553: 544: 543: 542: 540: 537: 508: 505: 503: 500: 481:home recording 445: 442: 265: 262: 88: 87: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9640: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9584: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9560:Visual charts 9558: 9555: 9551: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9479: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9407: 9404: 9400: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9297: 9291: 9288: 9285: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9232: 9229: 9225: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9173: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9110: 9107: 9101: 9092: 9087: 9085: 9080: 9078: 9073: 9072: 9069: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9016: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8995: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8974: 8968: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8960:Effects units 8958: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8942: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8926: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8865: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8691: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8542: 8537: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8286: 8281: 8279: 8274: 8272: 8267: 8266: 8263: 8253: 8239: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8222: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8207:Multidrop bus 8205: 8204: 8202: 8198: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8126: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8114:External PCIe 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8094:Parallel SCSI 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7986:Commodore bus 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7934:Fibre Channel 7932: 7930: 7927: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7598:Plug and play 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7588:Bus mastering 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7563:Back-side bus 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7533: 7531: 7526: 7519: 7514: 7512: 7507: 7505: 7500: 7499: 7496: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7463: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7384: 7382: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7350: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7277: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7227: 7225: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7200: 7198: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7142: 7126: 7122: 7116: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7070: 7067:""TouchOSC". 7062: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7015: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6951: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6928: 6912: 6908: 6906: 6898: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6715: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6664: 6660: 6657:Linn, Roger. 6653: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6624: 6607: 6603: 6601: 6593: 6577: 6573: 6571: 6563: 6556: 6552: 6550:Glatt, Jeff. 6547: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6529: 6523: 6521: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6496: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6472: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6421: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6397: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6373: 6357: 6353: 6351: 6343: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6319: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6301: 6295: 6287: 6283: 6277: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6253: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6226: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6148: 6132: 6128: 6126: 6118: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6094: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6003: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5876: 5869: 5865: 5862: 5856: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5734: 5730: 5724: 5716: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5695: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5645: 5644:emusician.com 5641: 5637: 5634: 5628: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5604: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5557: 5555: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5455: 5448: 5442: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5372:(Evaluation). 5366: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5346: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5314: 5310: 5309:New Bay Media 5306: 5299: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5214:New Bay Media 5211: 5205: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5180: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5115: 5113: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5050: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4942:"Yamaha FS1R" 4936: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4889: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4865: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4840: 4834: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4810: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4765: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4701: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4658: 4652: 4650: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4595: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4276: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4233: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4122: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4018: 4011: 4005: 3998: 3995:Shuker, Roy. 3992: 3985: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3806: 3804:0-2533-4662-2 3800: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3769:0-240-51692-3 3765: 3761: 3760: 3752: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3601: 3593: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3551: 3549: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3485: 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2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2734: 2723: 2720: 2712: 2709:February 2020 2702: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2685:This article 2683: 2674: 2673: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2644:signals over 2643: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2526:joystick port 2524: 2520: 2519:parallel port 2517: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2467:digital video 2464: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2424:DIN connector 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2404:ROLI Seaboard 2401: 2397: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2367: 2358: 2356: 2345: 2344:attractions. 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2252:MIDI timecode 2243: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2149:sustain pedal 2144: 2142: 2137: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2111: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2063:the current. 2062: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2048:current flow 2047: 2043: 2038: 2037:may be used. 2036: 2032: 2031:DIN connector 2024: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2004: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1983: 1973: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1850: 1846: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1792:effects units 1786:Effects units 1783: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1735: 1732: 1731:Drum machines 1726:Drum machines 1723: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1660: 1655: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1575: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1533: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463:balanced pair 1460: 1456: 1449:DIN connector 1432: 1420: 1406: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1393:and the 1990 1392: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1337:John Chowning 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321:Sound Blaster 1318: 1314: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1280:Creative Labs 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1242:, as are the 1241: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1223: 1213: 1210: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1171: 1170:sheet music. 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1092:transposition 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1071:drag and drop 1068: 1062: 1058: 1052: 1042: 1040: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 985: 982: 978: 973: 971: 967: 963: 955: 951: 947: 937: 935: 931: 925: 923: 919: 911: 909: 905: 894: 892: 888: 887:Sound Blaster 884: 879: 870: 848: 844: 842: 838: 834: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 798:MIDI software 795: 791: 787: 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8997:Boss effects 8935:Roland Cloud 8764:Workstations 8299:Synthesizers 8000: 7739:TURBOchannel 7529: 7444: 7435: 7422: 7413: 7403:21 September 7401:. Retrieved 7392: 7368:. Retrieved 7359: 7349: 7337:. Retrieved 7333:the original 7329:www.midi.org 7328: 7296:. Retrieved 7287:Future Music 7285: 7276: 7264:. Retrieved 7250: 7242: 7215: 7184:. Retrieved 7181:www.midi.org 7180: 7171: 7159:. Retrieved 7155:the original 7151:www.midi.org 7150: 7141: 7129:. Retrieved 7115: 7107: 7091: 7079:. Retrieved 7068: 7061: 7053: 7037: 7019: 7014: 7002:. Retrieved 6993: 6983: 6971:. Retrieved 6960: 6950: 6937: 6927: 6915:. Retrieved 6905:presonus.com 6904: 6897: 6888: 6876:. Retrieved 6872:the original 6867: 6862:Vail, Mark. 6857: 6849: 6818: 6790: 6754: 6745: 6733:. Retrieved 6729:the original 6724: 6714: 6704:13 September 6702:. Retrieved 6698:the original 6694:www.midi.org 6693: 6667:. Retrieved 6652: 6640:. Retrieved 6636:the original 6610:. Retrieved 6604:. Midi.org. 6599: 6592: 6580:. Retrieved 6574:. Midi.org. 6569: 6562: 6554: 6546: 6538: 6511: 6495: 6487: 6471: 6463: 6436: 6420: 6412: 6396: 6388: 6372: 6360:. 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Retrieved 5249: 5241:the original 5236: 5233:"Reality PC" 5226: 5218:the original 5204: 5196:the original 5191: 5165: 5142:the original 5137: 5127: 5119: 5099:. Retrieved 5090: 5080: 5068:. Retrieved 5059: 5049: 5037:. Retrieved 5029:"Patch Base" 5023: 5015:the original 5011:cakewalk.com 5010: 4990:the original 4985: 4976: 4968: 4950:the original 4945: 4935: 4927:the original 4922: 4912: 4904: 4888: 4880: 4864: 4856: 4838: 4833: 4825: 4809: 4801: 4798:the original 4793: 4790:"MIDI Files" 4784: 4764: 4752:. Retrieved 4748:the original 4744:www.midi.org 4743: 4734: 4722:. Retrieved 4709: 4700: 4683: 4667: 4636:. Retrieved 4622: 4611:, retrieved 4601: 4594: 4586: 4564:. Retrieved 4560:the original 4555: 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4530:the original 4525: 4516: 4504:. Retrieved 4500:the original 4495: 4486: 4474:. Retrieved 4470:the original 4465: 4456: 4444:. Retrieved 4430: 4418:. Retrieved 4409: 4400: 4392:, page 319, 4381: 4375: 4360: 4352:the original 4347: 4338: 4328: 4288:Alfred Music 4282: 4275: 4263:. Retrieved 4239: 4221: 4216: 4208: 4203: 4195: 4173:. Retrieved 4169:The Guardian 4167: 4157: 4149:the original 4139: 4131:the original 4124: 4114: 4106:the original 4101: 4091: 4074:Lau, Paul. " 4055:. Retrieved 4051:The Guardian 4049: 4039: 4022: 4017: 4009: 4004: 3996: 3991: 3983: 3978: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3923:. Retrieved 3912: 3903: 3891:. Retrieved 3872: 3860:. Retrieved 3856:the original 3852:www.midi.org 3851: 3827:. Retrieved 3813: 3789: 3782: 3758: 3751: 3732: 3726: 3714:. Retrieved 3700: 3688:. Retrieved 3674: 3666: 3620:. Retrieved 3611: 3608:"Dave Smith" 3591: 3557: 3535:. Retrieved 3527:www.midi.org 3526: 3517: 3505:. Retrieved 3496: 3484: 3472:. Retrieved 3464:www.midi.org 3463: 3439:. Retrieved 3430: 3392: 3372:the original 3367: 3363: 3313:. Retrieved 3298: 3286:. Retrieved 3272: 3252: 3183:, retrieved 3179:the original 3174: 3164: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3099: 3089: 3076: 3051: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3003: 2991: 2970: 2960: 2886:ABC notation 2878:music portal 2858: 2849: 2846:New protocol 2840: 2826: 2822: 2813: 2804: 2800: 2769: 2737: 2730: 2715: 2706: 2693:spinning off 2686: 2639: 2604: 2573: 2541: 2503:serial ports 2496: 2476: 2461: 2445: 2421: 2400:LinnStrument 2392: 2379: 2364: 2351: 2348:Timestamping 2328: 2303:Show control 2295: 2291: 2287: 2285: 2255: 2239:microtunings 2233:tuning. The 2228: 2212: 2194: 2185: 2179: 2155: 2153: 2145: 2138: 2134: 2120:General MIDI 2114:General MIDI 2109: 2093: 2057:twisted-pair 2046:milliamperes 2039: 2028: 2013:current loop 2010: 2001: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1952: 1948: 1946: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1901: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1854: 1849:microseconds 1842: 1808:looper pedal 1804:drum machine 1789: 1764: 1729: 1717: 1694: 1685:19-inch rack 1681: 1678:Synthesizers 1672: 1670:(ROM) unit. 1664: 1659:sound module 1643:patch cables 1635:Ableton Live 1631: 1623:Jaron Lanier 1603: 1599: 1571: 1568: 1539: 1530: 1516: 1514: 1502: 1493:interference 1485:ground loops 1479: 1452: 1400: 1388: 1381:Apple Motion 1373:turntablists 1361: 1352:E-mu Proteus 1345: 1325:FM synthesis 1310: 1297:effect units 1276:Seer Systems 1261: 1229: 1208: 1206: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1141: 1132:Scorewriting 1125: 1107: 1096: 1088:quantization 1064: 1039:Multitasking 1036: 1016: 1015:in favor of 1004: 991: 974: 949: 945: 943: 874: 845: 830: 810:Commodore 64 779: 759: 735: 732:General MIDI 729: 723: 719: 695: 686: 532: 518: 514:sound module 510: 502:Applications 488: 478: 470: 447: 431: 419:General MIDI 415: 403:drum machine 380: 373: 361: 357: 353: 349: 340: 337: 306: 302:Tom Oberheim 270:standardized 267: 251: 247:drum machine 243: 224: 204:sound module 188: 159: 129: 128: 91: 76: 67: 51: 9451:DisplayPort 9390:WheatNet-IP 8951:Jazz Chorus 8647:Grooveboxes 8511:Roland VK-8 8506:Roland VK-7 8486:System-100M 8212:CoreConnect 8191:ExpressCard 8119:Thunderbolt 8109:Camera Link 7892:Bus and Tag 7578:Address bus 7573:Control bus 7568:Daisy chain 7108:ladyada.net 7081:27 November 7018:"rtpMIDI". 7004:22 December 6973:22 December 6917:27 November 6669:8 September 6642:12 February 6612:27 November 6582:27 November 6362:27 November 6350:Sweet Notes 6191:15 December 6137:27 November 6023:14 December 5992:15 December 5957:14 December 5927:14 December 5265:7 September 5101:7 September 5070:27 November 5039:7 September 4613:18 November 4566:28 February 4536:28 February 4506:28 February 4476:28 February 4446:28 February 4420:28 February 3612:KeyboardMag 3441:6 September 2936:Scorewriter 2911:MIDI mockup 2614:fiber optic 2410:Morph, and 2382:sound cards 2186:bank select 1920:omni off/on 1649:Instruments 1578:Controllers 1521:daisy-chain 1264:Max Mathews 1244:sample rate 1180:Yamaha FS1R 1128:sheet music 1122:Scorewriter 1080:scorewriter 1078:display or 999:(DLS) in a 954:file format 843:computers. 824:. The 1985 794:sound chips 767:Yamaha CX5M 740:audio files 710:piano rolls 666:jazz guitar 645:Combination 539:Composition 438:open-source 391:Roland JP-6 387:Prophet 600 366:Robert Moog 358:synthesizer 356:instead of 235:synthesizer 227:file format 9602:Categories 9525:SMPTE 2110 9520:SMPTE 2022 9333:EtherSound 9283:(SuperMAC) 9227:Audio only 8967:Space Echo 8944:Amplifiers 8830:Sequencers 8491:System 700 8481:System 100 8456:SH-01 Gaia 8401:Jupiter-50 8396:Jupiter-80 8306:Alpha Juno 8065:ACCESS.bus 7964:Peripheral 7764:InfiniBand 7759:HP GSC bus 7553:System bus 7186:18 January 7161:18 January 7069:hexler.net 6735:10 January 5091:MusicRadar 4986:squest.com 4754:23 October 4638:12 October 3893:3 February 3862:20 January 3622:20 October 3507:18 January 3474:18 January 3156:References 3065:16550 UART 2980:clock rate 2697:relocating 2376:DLS format 2355:Core Audio 2313:Waterworld 2258:Digidesign 2209:soft pedal 2106:Extensions 1906:monophonic 1894:polyphonic 1874:byte or a 1800:Drum Buddy 1775:tape decks 1761:sequencer. 1627:extensions 1536:Interfaces 1377:automation 1346:Wavetable 1333:sine waves 1329:modulation 1307:Game music 1293:Sonic Core 1270:wrote the 1164:SmartScore 1055:See also: 1045:Sequencers 1013:deprecated 1005:RMID files 988:RMID files 972:machines. 927:audio/midi 790:sound card 771:sequencing 750:See also: 689:media help 529:parameters 370:Moog Music 354:instrument 309:Dave Smith 9341:SoundGrid 9286:AudioRail 9154:Obsolete: 8561:HandSonic 8391:Jupiter-8 8386:Jupiter-6 8381:Jupiter-4 8026:Lightning 7976:Atari SIO 7851:SpaceWire 7684:Zorro III 7624:S-100 bus 7619:SS-50 bus 7612:Standards 7532:standards 7525:Technical 7370:9 January 7360:The Verge 7339:15 August 7298:31 August 7266:31 August 7131:31 August 6453:News Page 6083:15 August 5897:6 October 5845:6 October 5793:31 August 5517:30 August 4881:wired.com 4714:Apple Inc 4245:CRC Press 3716:31 August 3690:31 August 3537:3 January 3315:31 August 3288:31 August 3185:22 August 2976:baud rate 2941:Synthesia 2931:SoundFont 2780:Steinberg 2747:included 2662:Bluetooth 2650:Bluetooth 2487:5-pin DIN 2479:Voyetra-8 2453:game port 2412:Eigenharp 2246:Time code 2213:una corda 2205:sostenuto 2190:Yamaha XG 2182:Roland GS 2176:Yamaha XG 2172:Roland GS 2065:Resistors 2017:schematic 1992:Universal 1924:mono/poly 1834:baud rate 1758:Tenori-on 1756:Yamaha's 1605:Keyboards 1572:MIDI slop 1547:game port 1511:Thru port 1390:MIDI Maze 1289:Creamware 1268:Bell Labs 1248:bit depth 1236:polyphony 1184:universal 1156:MuseScore 962:ringtones 869:Synthesia 806:Macintosh 411:sequencer 383:NAMM Show 231:file size 216:sequencer 184:computers 9576:See also 9460:Ethernet 9376:Livewire 9325:CobraNet 9300:Ethernet 9209:RTP-MIDI 8928:Software 8771:Fantom-X 8693:Samplers 8628:AX-Synth 8361:Juno-106 8252:Category 8227:Wishbone 8200:Embedded 8179:Portable 8099:Profibus 8031:DMX512-A 7917:Parallel 7769:Ethernet 7679:Zorro II 7629:Multibus 7530:de facto 7481:Archived 7469:Archived 7449:Archived 7427:Archived 7397:Archived 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