Madras Presidency - Knowledge

3033:, the first in South India, was built in 1853 and served as the headquarters of the Madras Railway Company. The Great Southern of India Railway Company was set up in the United Kingdom in 1853. and had its headquarters at Trichinopoly where it constructed its first railway line between Trichinopoly and Negapatam in 1859. The Madras Railway Company operated standard or broad-gauge railway lines while the Great South Indian Railway Company operated metre-gauge railway lines. In 1874, The Great Southern Indian Railway Company merged with the Carnatic Railway Company (established in 1864) and was renamed the Southern Indian Railway Company. The Southern Indian Railway Company merged with the Pondicherry Railway Company in 1891 while the Madras Railway Company merged with the Southern Mahratta Railway Company in 1908 to form the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company. A new terminus was built at 2632:

Vaigai River basin in order to irrigate the arid lands to the east of the Western Ghats. Similarly, the Rushikulya Project was launched to utilise the waters of the Rushikulya river in Ganjam. Under the scheme over 142,000 acres (570 km) of land were brought under irrigation. The British also constructed a number of dams and canals for irrigation. An upper dam was constructed across the Kollidam river near Srirangam island. The Dowlaishwaram dam across the Godavari river, the Gunnavaram aqueduct across the Vaineteyam Godavari, the Kurnool-Cuddapah canal and the Krishna dam are examples of major irrigation works carried out by the British. In 1946–47, the total area under irrigation was 9,736,974 acres (39,404.14 km) acres which yielded a return of 6.94% on capital outlay.

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and had their own police and judicial systems such that the personal expenses of the Raja were minimal. However, landlords lost their exemption from the taxes on land if they disposed of it meaning that mortgage of land was more common than sale. Individual proprietorship of land was also common in the Telugu-speaking areas of the presidency. The chieftains of the Telugu-speaking districts had more or less maintained an independent existence for a long time, furnishing the sovereign with armies and equipment in times of war. In return, their right to revenues from land remained unmolested. During the time of the British, most of land in the northern districts of the presidency were parcelled out among these petty "Rajahs".

2978:. The roads connecting Madras to Calcutta in the north and the kingdom of Travancore in the south served as lines of communication during wars. From the early 20th century onwards, bullock-carts and horses were gradually replaced by bicycles and motor vehicles, while motor buses were the main means of private road transportation. Presidency Transport and the City Motor Service were pioneers, operating buses manufactured by Simpson and Co. as early as 1910. The first organised bus system in Madras city was operated by Madras Tramways Corporation between 1925 and 1928. The 1939 Motor Vehicles Act imposed restrictions on public-owned bus and motor services. Most of the early bus services were operated by private agencies. 3025:

Madras-Trichinopoly road, Madras-Calcutta road, Madras-Cuddapah road and the Sumpajee Ghaut road. A Public Works Department was initiated by Lord Dalhousie in 1852 and subsequently in 1855 an East coast canal was constructed for the purpose of easy navigation. Roadways were handled by the Public Works Secretariat which was under the control of the member of the Governor's Executive Council. The principal highways of the presidency were the Madras-Calcutta road, the Madras-Travancore road and the Madras-Calicut road. By 1946–47, the Madras Presidency had 26,201 miles (42,166 km) of metalled roads and 14,406 miles (23,184 km) of unmetalled roads, and 1,403 miles (2,258 km) of navigable canals.

2086:. The council was reduced to three members when the Madras Army was abolished in 1895. The legislative powers of this council were withdrawn as per the Government of India Act 1833 and it was reduced to the status of a mere advisory body. However, these powers were restored as per Indian Councils Act 1861. The council was expanded from time to time through the inclusion of official and non-official members and served as the main legislative body till 1935, when a legislative assembly of a more representative nature was created and legislative powers were transferred to the assembly. On India's independence on 15 August 1947, the three-member Governor's executive council was abolished. 3243:. In 1901, Madras had a male literacy rate of 11.9 percent and a female literacy rate of 0.9 percent. In 1950, when the Madras Presidency became Madras State, the literacy rate was slightly higher than the national average of 18 percent. In 1901, there were 26,771 public and private institutions with 923,760 scholars of whom 784,621 were male and 139,139 female. By 1947, the number of educational institutions had increased to 37,811 and the number of scholars to 3,989,686. Apart from colleges, in 1947 there were 31,975 public and elementary schools, 720 secondary schools for boys and 4,173 elementary and 181 secondary schools for girls. Most of the early graduates were 3573: 413: 69: 2963: 3516: 1847:

Bellary and Anantapur districts. In the district of South Kanara, the western part of Bellary and Anantapur districts and parts of Malabar, Kannada was spoken. Malayalam was spoken in the districts of Malabar and South Kanara and the princely states of Travancore and Cochin, while Tulu was spoken in South Canara. Oriya was spoken in the districts of then Ganjam and Vizagapatam. English was spoken by Anglo-Indians and Eurasians. It was also the link language for the presidency and the official language of British India in which all government proceedings and court hearings were conducted.

3470: 2982: 3532: 3482: 1860: 2171:. All these states had a considerable degree of internal autonomy. However, their foreign policy was completely controlled by a Resident who represented the Governor of Fort St George. In case of Banganapalle, the Resident was the District Collector of Kurnool, while the District Collector of Bellary was the Resident of Sandur. The Resident of Pudukkottai from 1800 to 1840 and 1865 to 1873, was the District Collector of Tanjore, from 1840 to 1865, the District Collector of Madura and from 1873 to 1947, the District Collector of Trichinopoly. 2226: 350: 1800:

until 1852. It returned a population of 22,031,697. Subsequent enumerations were made in 1851–52, 1856–57, 1861–62, and 1866–67. The population of Madras Presidency was tallied at 22,857,855, 24,656,509 in 1861–62 and 26,539,052 in 1866–67. The first organised census of India was conducted in 1871 and returned a population of 31,220,973 for the Madras Presidency. Since then, a census has been conducted once every ten years. The last census of British India held in 1941 counted a population of 49,341,810 for the Madras Presidency.

3551: 55: 1360: 3497: 3109:' regular domestic passenger and airmail service from Karachi to Madras. The flight was later re-routed through Hyderabad and became bi-weekly. On 26 November 1935, Tata Sons started an experimental weekly service from Bombay to Trivandrum via Goa and Cannanore. From 28 February 1938, onwards, Tata Sons' Aviation division, now renamed Tata Airlines, began a Karachi to Colombo airmail service via Madras and Trichinopoly. On 2 March 1938, the Bombay-Trivandrum air service was extended to Trichinopoly. 2672: 2596: 2302: 1879: 2205:, the Governor of French India, began to raise native battalions in 1748, the British of Madras followed suit and established the Madras Regiment. Though native regiments were subsequently established by the British in other parts of India, the distances that separated the three presidencies resulted in each force developing divergent principles and organisations. The first reorganisation of the army took place in 1795 when the Madras army was reconstituted into the following units: 11857: 1815: 2641: 11958: 1255: 1595: 1587: 3013: 2684: 3041:. The company operated a suburban electric train service for Madras city from May 1931 onwards. In April 1944, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company was taken over by the Madras Government. In 1947, there were 4,961 miles (7,984 km) of railway in the presidency, in addition to 136 miles (219 km) of district board lines. Madras was well-connected with other Indian cities like Bombay and Calcutta and with Ceylon. The 6,776-foot (2,065 m) 18588: 2495: 2652: 9996: 2660: 2997: 9138: 1351: 84: 3121:

mail services were integrated to form the All-India Service. On 1 October 1854, the first stamps were issued by the Imperial Postal Service. The General Post Office (GPO), Madras, was established by Sir Archibald Campbell in 1786. In 1872–73, a bimonthly sea-mail service began between Madras and Rangoon. This was followed by the commencement of a fortnightly sea-mail service between Madras and ports on the eastern coast.

3285:. The daughter in the family rarely received an education and usually helped her mother with household chores. Upon marrying, she moved to the house of her in-laws where she was expected to serve her husband and the elder members of his family. There have been recorded instances of torture and ill treatment of daughters-in-law. A Brahmin widow was expected to shave her head and was subjected to numerous indignities. 18599: 12704: 11811: 9950: 18610: 375: 1504: 2737:

Godavari, Vizagapatam and Kistna were well-known cotton-weaving centres. There was a sugar factory at Aska in Ganjam run by F. J. V. Minchin and another at Nellikuppam in South Arcot district run by the East India Distilleries and Sugar Factories Company. In the Telugu-speaking northern districts of the presidency large quantities of tobacco were cultivated to be subsequently rolled into

3313:. There were proposed regulations in 1811 and 1823 to prevent child labour. In 1833, the British Crown and the House of Commons proposed immediate abolition of slavery in India, but East India Company decreed otherwise. All legal recognition to permit the civil status of slavery were withdrawn with the Act V of 1843 and selling of slaves became a criminal offence in 1862 under the new 2139:

from the Indian Civil Service. The districts were sometimes sub-divided into divisions each under a Deputy Collector. The divisions were further sub-divided into taluks and union panchayats or village committees. Agencies were sometimes created in British India out of volatile, rebellion-prone areas of the presidency. The two important agencies in the Madras Presidency were the

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14,276,509 Telugu-speakers, 2,861,297 speakers of Malayalam, 1,518,579 were speakers of Kannada, 1,809,314 spoke Oriya, 880,145 spoke Hindusthani/Urdu and 1,680,635 spoke other languages. At the time of Indian independence, Tamil and Telugu speakers made up over 78% of the total population of the presidency, with Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu speakers making up the rest.

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Godavari and Krishna districts. Godavari district was further bifurcated into East and West Godavari districts in 1925. The Kurnool kingdom was annexed in 1839 and was constituted as a separate district of the Madras Presidency. For administrative convenience, the district of Kanara was split into North and South Kanara in 1859. North Kanara was transferred to

3137:. Telephones were introduced in the presidency in 1881 and on 19 November 1881, the first telephone exchange with 17 connections was established at Errabalu Street in Madras. A wireless telegraphy service was established between Madras and Port Blair in 1920 and in 1936, the Indo-Burma radio telephone service was established between Madras and Rangoon. 2180: 3146:

central training school was set up in Madras as per Munro's scheme. However, this system appeared to be a failure and the policy was altered in 1836 in order to promote European literature and science. The Board of Public Instruction was superseded by a Committee for Native Education. In January 1840, during the viceroyalty of

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trade. Most of the sea trade was carried through the presidency's principal port of Madras. Other important ports were Gopalpur, Kalingapatnam, Bimlipatnam, Visakhapatnam, Masulipatnam, Cocanada, Madras, Cuddalore, Negapatam, Pamban and Tuticorin on the east coast along with Mangalore, Cannanore, Calicut, Cochin, Alleppey,

785:, with Madras' titulature that would persist until 1950. Judicial, legislative and executive powers rested with the Governor who was assisted by a Council whose constitution was modified by reforms enacted in 1861, 1909, 1919 and 1935. Regular elections were conducted in Madras up to the outbreak of the 3145:

The first schools offering Western-style education in the presidency were established in Madras during the 18th century. In 1822, a Board of Public Instruction was created based on the recommendations of Sir Thomas Munro, after which schools teaching students in vernacular language was established. A

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while tea was grown on the slopes of the Nilgiri Hills. Coffee plantations were also established in Travancore but a severe blight at the end of the 19th century destroyed coffee cultivation in the kingdom and almost wiped out coffee plantations in neighbouring Wynad. Coffee-curing works were located

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Cotton piece-goods, cotton twist and yarn, metals and kerosene oil were the main items of import while animal hides and skins, raw cotton, coffee and piece-goods were the chief exports. Raw cotton, animal hides, oil seeds, grains, pulses, coffee, tea and cotton manufactures were the main items of sea

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people, who did not have to pay land-tax and held extensive freeholds of land rented to tenants for agricultural purposes. In return, the Nairs supplied the king with fighting men in times of war while the Namboodhiris managed the upkeep of Hindu temples. These landlords were somewhat self-sufficient

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and was introduced on 1 June 1786. The presidency was divided into three postal divisions: Madras North up to Ganjam, Madras South-West to Anjengo (erstwhile Travancore) and Madras West, up to Vellore. In the same year, a link with Bombay was established then in 1837, the Madras, Bombay and Calcutta

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The first Western-style banking institution in India was the Madras Bank which was established on 21 June 1683, with a capital of one hundred thousand pounds sterling. This was followed by the opening of the Carnatic Bank in 1788, the Bank of Madras in 1795 and the Asiatic Bank in 1804. In 1843, all

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The trade of the Madras Presidency comprised that of both the presidency with other Provinces and its overseas trade. External trade made up 93 percent of the total with internal trade making up the remainder. Foreign trade accounted for 70 percent of the total while 23 percent was inter-provincial.

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was made a sub-division of Tanjore district in June 1805 and remained so till August 1808 when its status as a separate district was restored. The districts of Rajahmundry (Rajamahendravaram), Masulipatnam and Guntur were created in 1823. These three districts were reorganised in 1859 into two – the

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was the first chief minister of the presidency to come from the Congress party. He successfully enacted the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act and introduced both prohibition and sales taxes in the Madras Presidency. His rule is largely remembered for the use of Hindi being made compulsory

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Madras was linked to the rest of the world through telegraphs in 1853 and a civilian telegraph service was introduced on 1 February 1855. Soon afterwards, telegraph lines linked Madras and Ootacamund with other cities in India. A Telegraph department was set up in 1854, with a Deputy Superintendent

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dyes, Madras possessed a thriving vegetable dye manufacturing industry. The city also imported large quantities of aluminium for the manufacture of aluminium utensils. In the early 20th century, the government established the Chrome Tanning Factory which manufactured high-quality leather. The first

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s, the legislation proved to be detrimental to the interests of the cultivators in the Oriya-speaking northern districts of the presidency who were the intended beneficiaries, as it tied the cultivator to his land and landlord with the chains of eternal serfdom. In 1933, an amendment to the Act was

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in 1862. Between 1859–60 and 1870, the districts of Madras and Chingleput were put together into a single district. A separate Nilgiris district was carved out of Coimbatore district in 1868. As of 1908, Madras Presidency was made up of 24 districts each administered by a District Collector who was

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The first organised initiative for the construction of new roads and maintenance of existing roads in the presidency was initiated in 1845 with the appointment of a special officer for the maintenance of main roads. The principal roads under the aegis of the officer were the Madras-Bangalore road,

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However, the Permanent Settlement was not as successful as it had been in Bengal. When the Company did not reach the expected profit levels, a new system known as the "Village Settlement" was implemented between 1804 and 1814 in the districts of Tinnevely, Trichinopoly, Coimbatore, North Arcot and

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in 1890 three madras infantry battalions were accordingly reconstituted, at least for a time, by tapping two south Indian communities which had not yet provided many recruits to the Indian army-the Mappilas and the coorgs, the government of madras was sceptical, and agreed to the formation of two

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at the time consisted of one European and one native brigade of horse artillery, three battalions of foot artillery of four companies each, with four companies of lascars attached, three regiments of light cavalry, two corps of pioneers, two battalions of European infantry, 52 battalions of native

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According to the 1871 census, there were 14,715,000 people who spoke Tamil, 11,610,000 people who spoke Telugu, 2,324,000 people who spoke Malayalam, 1,699,000 spoke Canarese or Kannada, 640,000 people spoke Oriya and 29,400 people spoke Tulu. The 1901 census returned 15,182,957 speakers of Tamil,

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Hindus, Muslims and Christians generally followed a joint family system. The society was largely patriarchal with the eldest male member the leader of the family. Most of the presidency followed a patrilineal system of inheritance. The only exceptions were the district of Malabar and the princely

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gave an impetus to cotton and textile production and led to cotton presses being established all over the presidency. In the early years of the 20th century, Coimbatore emerged as an important centre for cotton textiles and earned the epithet "Manchester of South India". The northern districts of

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The English East India Company was first permitted to set up its own garrison in 1665 to guard its settlements. Notable amongst the early operations of the company's forces were the defence of the city from Mughal and Maratha invaders and from the incursions of the Nawab of Carnatic. In 1713, the

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in October 1844. Lakshminarasu Chetty is also credited with the foundation of the Madras Presidency Association which was a forerunner of the Indian National Congress. The number of newspapers and periodicals published in the presidency totalled 821 in 1948. The two most popular English-language

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on the Madras-Mysore border in 1934, the Mettur Dam supplied water to the western districts of the presidency. The Periyar Dam (now known as the Mullaperiyar Dam) was constructed across the Periyar river in Travancore, near the border. This project diverted the waters of the Periyar river to the

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In ancient times, land appears to have been held in common with an individual unable to sell it without the consent of the other owners, who in most cases were members of the same community. Prior to the arrival of the British, the concept of individual proprietorship of land had already emerged

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and English languages were all spoken in the Madras Presidency. Tamil was spoken in the southern districts of the presidency from a few miles north of Madras city as far west as the Nilgiri hills and Western Ghats. Telugu was spoken in the districts to the north of Madras city and to the east of

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In 1822, the Madras Presidency underwent its first census, which returned a population of 13,476,923. A second census conducted between 1836 and 1837 recorded a population of 13,967,395, an increase of only 490,472 over 15 years. The first quinquennial population enumeration took place from 1851

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was proposed against Ramarayaningar's government on 27 November 1923, but was defeated 65–44. Ramarayaningar remained in power until November 1926. The enactment in August 1921 of the first communal Government Order (G.O. No. 613), which introduced caste-based communal reservations in government

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was completely reorganised on democratic lines. The bill asserted that the governing body would henceforth be headed by a Chancellor who would be assisted by a pro-Chancellor, usually the Minister of Education. Apart from the Chancellor and the pro-Chancellor who were elected, there was to be a

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The presidency's fishing industry thrived, with Shark's fins, fish maws and fish curing-operations the main sources of income for fishermen. The southern port of Tuticorin was a centre of conch-fishing but Madras, along with Ceylon, was mainly known for its pearl fisheries. Pearl fisheries were

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The Land Improvement and Agriculturists Loan Act passed in 1884 provided funds for the construction of wells and their utilisation in reclamation projects. In the early part of the 20th century, the Madras government established the Pumping and Boring Department to drill boreholes with electric

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at Bombay in December 1885, 22 hailed from the Madras Presidency. Most of the delegates were members of the Madras Mahajana Sabha. The third session of the Indian National Congress was held in Madras in December 1887 and was a huge success attended by 362 delegates from the province. Subsequent

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in 1920 with a strength of 100 members but gradually faded away and membership had reduced to three by 1923 when it had to be closed down. Nevertheless, the Madras Stock Exchange was successfully revived in September 1937 and was incorporated as the Madras Stock Exchange Association Limited.

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was practised in almost all castes from Brahmins to non-Brahmins subjecting agricultural labourers to bondage for non-payment of debt. The Law Commission report on slavery in 1841 contains the indicative figures on the number of slaves, computed based on the population of specific castes of

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and Colachel on the western seaboard. The port of Cochin was taken over by the Government of India on 1 August 1936, and that of Madras on 1 April 1937. There were Chambers of Commerce in Madras, Cochin and Cocanada. These chambers each nominated a member to the Madras Legislative Council.

2462:, revenue-free or quit-rent grants of lands made for religious endowments or for services rendered to the state, occupied an aggregate area of nearly 8 million acres (32,000 km). In 1945–46, there were 20,945,456 acres (84,763.25 km) of Zamindari estates yielding revenues of 2576:, 13.8 percent. Cotton occupied 1,740,000 acres (7,000 km), oilseeds, 2.08 million, spices,0.4 million and indigo, 0.2 million. In 1898, Madras produced 7.47 million tons of food grains from 21,570,000 acres (87,300 km) of crops grown on 19,300,000 acres (78,000 km) of 2327:

along India's west coast such that the new administration's land revenue system was not markedly different from that of its predecessor. Nevertheless, landlords never sold land without the consent of other members of the community. This communistic property rights system was known as

3247:. The preponderance of Brahmins in the universities and in the civic administration was one of the main causes for the growth of the Anti-Brahmin movement in the presidency. Madras was also the first province in British India where caste-based communal reservations were introduced. 3068:

The Madras Tramways Corporation was promoted in Madras city in 1892 by Hutchinsons and Co. and began operating in 1895, before even London had its own tramway system. It plied six routes in Madras linking distant parts of Madras city and covered a total of 17 miles (27 km).

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on the country's eastern seaboard. Masulipatinam is thus the oldest English trading post on India's east coast, dating back to 1611. In 1625, another factory was established at Armagon, a few miles to the south, whereupon both the factories came under the supervision of an

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was taught, with the further disciplines of Mechanical Engineering added in 1894, Electrical Engineering in 1930 and Telecommunication and Highways in 1945. The AC College, with its emphasis on textiles and leather technology, was founded by Alagappa Chettiar in 1944. The

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The 1857 Mutiny, which quickly led to drastic changes in the Bengal and Bombay armies, had no effect on the Madras Army. In 1895, the presidency armies were finally merged and the Madras regiments came under the direct control of the Commander-in-chief of British India.

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of 1784 created an executive council with legislative powers to assist the Governor. The council initially consisted of four members, two of whom were from the Indian civil service or covenanted civil service and the third, an Indian of distinction. The fourth was the

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were the largest private-owned business corporations at the turn of the 20th century. EID Parry manufactured and sold chemical fertilizers and sugar while the Binnys marketed cotton garments and uniforms manufactured at its spinning and weaving facility, the

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s administration. The presidency's Temple Entry Authorization Act (1939) and its Temple Entry Proclamation (1936) of Travancore were aimed at elevating the status of Dalit and other low castes to a position equal to that of high-caste Hindus. In 1872,

988:(1652–1655). However, in 1655 the status of the fort was downgraded to an Agency and made subject to the factory at Surat, until 1684. In 1658, control of all the factories in Bengal was given to Madras, when the English occupied the nearby village of 1973:

was the holiest city for the Muslims of the Madras Presidency. The presidency also had one of the oldest Christian populations in India. Branches of the Syrian church, contrary to historical evidence, are popularly believed to have been instituted by

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of silver to connect the city of Madras with the delta of the Kistna river at Peddaganjam. Ships of the British India Steam Navigation Company frequently docked at Madras and provided frequent services to Bombay, Calcutta, Colombo and Rangoon.

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Mappila battalions only on condition they were deployed outside Malabar. Raised in 1900, the new regiments were complete failure, they soon dwindled to 600 men 'quite useless for service'. ref:The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940

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Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway (Incorporated in England): Including the Tanjore District Board, Pondicherry, Peralam-Karaikkal, Travancore State, Cochin State, Coimbatore District Board, Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur, and the Nilgiri

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by a pilot named G. Vlasto in October 1929. This site was later used as the Madras aerodrome. One of the early members of the club, Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar went on to establish an aerodrome in his native Chettinad. On 15 October 1932,

2051:, in 1937. The provincial government under Ramasamy Reddy passed the Madras Temple Entry Authorization Act on 11 May 1947, which was intended to give Dalits and other prohibited Hindus full and complete rights to enter Hindu temples. The 1010:. During this period, the presidency was significantly expanded and reached an extent which continued into the early 19th century. During the early years of the Madras Presidency, the English were repeatedly attacked by the Mughals, the 939:

based at Machilipatnam. The English authorities decided to relocate these factories further south, due to a shortage of cotton cloth, the main trade item of the east coast at the time. The problem was compounded when the Sultan of

3463:. Most early films were made in Coimbatore and Salem but from the 1940s onwards, Madras began to emerge as the principal centre of film production. Until the 1950s, most films in Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam were made in Madras. 1417:, Minister of Local Self-Government and Public Health, popularly known as the Raja of Panagal. The party split in late 1923 when C. R. Reddy resigned from primary membership and formed a splinter group allied with the opposition 2898:. In 1921, the Bank of Madras merged with the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Bengal to form the Imperial Bank of India. In the 19th century, the Arbuthnot Bank was one of the largest privately owned banks in the presidency. The 1400:

with provisions made for elections in the presidency. Democratically elected governments would henceforth share power with the Governor's autocratic establishment. Following the first elections held in November 1920, the

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Almost 71% of the population of Madras Presidency was engaged in agriculture with the agricultural year usually commencing on 1 July. Crops cultivated in the Madras Presidency included cereals such as rice, corn, kambhu

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subject to the District Collector of Ganjam. In 1936, the districts of Ganjam and Vizagapatam (including the Vizagapatam and the Ganjam agencies) were partitioned between Madras and the newly created province of Orissa.

3224:, established by Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar in Chidambaram in 1929, was the first university in the presidency to have hostel facilities Christian missionaries were pioneers in promoting education in the region. The 2567:

were introduced from Asia, Africa or Europe, while grapes were introduced from Australia. The total cultivated area used for food crops was 80% and for cash crops, 15%. Of the gross area, rice occupied 26.4 percent;

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into the area militarily subordinate to the Governor of Fort St George. The largest kingdom of the hill-tract region of Visakhapatanam was Jeypore and in 1777 it was conquered by Captain Matthews. The hill tracts of

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In 1858, under the terms of Queen's Proclamation issued by Queen Victoria, the Madras Presidency, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British crown. During the period of governor

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When the British took over administration, the centuries-old system of land proprietorship was left intact. The new rulers appointed middlemen to collect revenue for lands which were not under the control of local

1232:. As a result of the first, the population of the presidency fell for the first time from 31.2 million in 1871 to 30.8 million in 1881. These famines and alleged partiality shown by the government in handling the 3028:

The first railway line in South India was laid between Madras and Arcot, which was opened for traffic on 1 July 1856. The line was constructed by the Madras Railway Company formed in 1845. The railway station at

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A strong sense of national awakening emerged in the Madras Presidency in the later half of the 19th century. The first political organisation in the province, the Madras Native Association, was established by

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introduced by the Raja of Bobbili to curb the rights of Zamindars and safeguard the cultivators from exploitation. This act was passed in the legislative council despite strong opposition from the Zamindars.

1894:(37,026,471), Muslims (2,732,931), and Christians (1,934,480). By the time of India's independence in 1947, Madras had an estimated population of 49,799,822 Hindus, 3,896,452 Muslims and 2,047,478 Christians 1990:

districts of Madras Presidency with native Christians forming over one–quarter of the total population of the princely state of Travancore. Hill tribes of the Nilgiris, Palani and Ganjam regions such as the

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s. In most cases, these go-betweens ignored the welfare of the farmers and exploited them to the full. A Board of Revenue was established in 1786 to solve the issue but to no avail. At the same time, the

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were not allowed inside Hindu temples. However, along with the emancipation of Indian women and removal of social evils, untouchability was slowly eradicated through legislation and social reform. The

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In 1684, Fort St George Black Town where the 'natives' lived. The White Town was confined inside the walls of Fort St. George and the Black Town outside of it. The Black Town later came to be known as

2431:, or peasant farmers. However, as a village settlement had few differences compared to a permanent settlement, it was eventually discarded. In its place came the "Ryotwari Settlement" implemented by 1193:(1861–63) was the first Indian to be appointed to the council. The legal profession was specially prized by the newly emerging corpus of educated Indians. The first Indian judge to be appointed was 7723:

The history of the Indian revolt and of the expeditions to Persia, China, and Japan, 1856 – 7 – 8: With maps, plans, and wood engrav. [Umschlagt.:] Chambers"s history of the revolt in India

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and withdrew it from electoral politics. After the end of the Second World War, the Indian National Congress re-entered politics, and in the absence of any serious opposition it easily won the

777:, Madras became one of three presidencies established by the East India Company. Thereafter, the head of the area was styled "Governor" rather than "President" and became subordinate to the 8815: 3201:, which introduced courses such as aeronautical and automobile engineering was established in 1949. In 1827, the first medical school in the presidency was established then followed by the 16867: 3317:. In spite of these regulations, serfdom continued and the slave population formed 12.2% – 20% of the total population in 1930 across various districts of the presidency. 2822:

569.9 million. 208,675 k.v.a of electricity was generated at the end of 1948 of which 98% was under government ownership. The total amount of power generated was 467 million units.

16872: 2439:

who paid their rent directly to the government. The land was assessed and paid revenue fixed by the Government This system had a number of advantages as well as disadvantages for the

769:

since the very early 1600s. The agency was upgraded to a Presidency in 1652 before once more reverting to its previous status in 1655. In 1684, it was re-elevated to a Presidency and

1169:(1854–1859), measures were taken to improve education and increase representation of Indians in the administration. Legislative powers were given to the Governor's council under the 2874:

the banks were merged to form the Bank of Madras. The Bank of Madras had branches in all the presidency's major cities and princely states including Coimbatore, Mangalore, Calicut,

1426:

jobs, remains one of the high points of his rule. In the following elections of 1926 the Justice Party lost. However, as no party was able to obtain a clear majority, the Governor,

984:(1648–52 and 1655–58). At the end of Greenhill's term in 1652, Fort St George was elevated to a Presidency, independent of Bantam and under the leadership of the first president, 948:(1605–73) was sent south, and after negotiations with the Raja of Chandragiri, he obtained a land grant in 1639 to set up a factory in the village of Madraspatinam where the new 16027: 1075:

From 1801 until 1858, Madras was a part of British India and was ruled by the British East India Company. The last quarter of the 18th century was a period of rapid expansion.

3609: 3368:, village fairs and plays. Men in urban areas indulged in social and communistic activities at recreational clubs, music concerts or sabhas, dramas and welfare organisations. 4690: 4615: 3572: 3515: 17268: 2870:

Between 1913 and 1914, Madras had 247 companies. In 1947, the city led in the establishment of registered factories but employed only 62% of the total productive capital.

2627:, the Periyar Project, the Cudappah-Kurnool canal and the Rushikulya Project were the biggest irrigation projects launched by the Madras Government. Constructed below the 1961:

in the princely state of Travancore. Islam was brought to the southern part of India by Arab traders although most converts were made from the 14th century onwards, when

2728:

Cotton-ginning and weaving were two of the main industries in the Madras Presidency. Cotton was produced in large quantities in the Bellary district and was pressed in

2716:

645.1 million. Trade with the United Kingdom made up 31.54% of the total trade of the presidency with Madras the chief port accounting for 49% of the total trade.

17413: 7457:

Slavery and the slave trade in British India: with notices of the existence of these evils in the islands of Ceylon, Malacca, and Penang, drawn from official documents

2454:

who paid rent directly to the Government. Zamindari estates occupied about 26 million acres (110,000 km), more than one-quarter of the whole presidency. The

11989: 8808: 2249:

in 1762, the 1795 expeditions against Ceylon and the Dutch as well as the conquest of the Spice Islands in the same year. They also took part in expeditions against

860:

and its civilisation attained a peak when the chola kings started acquiring vast places in Tamil Nadu during the 10th century. Following the conquest of Madurai by

15981: 8467: 4565: 3403:, was started on 12 October 1785, by Richard Johnston, a printer employed by the British East India Company. The first Indian-owned English-language newspaper was 2241:

Between 1748 and 1895, as with the Bengal and Bombay armies, the Madras Army had its own Commander-in-Chief who was subordinate to the president, and later to the

18627: 2402:

Islamic invasions caused minor changes in the land proprietorship system when taxes on Hindu land owners were raised and private ownership of property came down.

17693: 9078: 2195: 3298:

and were strictly forbidden from having houses in the village. They were also forbidden from entering important Hindu temples or approaching high-caste Hindus.

2027:

who served the Premier from 1932 to 1936, appointed untouchables to temple administration boards all over the presidency and reformed the administration of the

18270: 17909: 16145: 16022: 15865: 7619:

Madras in the Olden Time: Being a History of the Presidency from the First Foundation of Fort St. George to the Occupation of Madras by the French (1639–1748)

16947: 16587: 13950: 7379: 7265: 3084:

In 1917, Simpson and Co. arranged for a test flight by the first aeroplane in Madras while a flying club was established at the Mount Golf Club grounds near

852:(230 BC – AD 102). Following the decline of the Pandyas and the Cholas, the country was conquered by a little known race of people called the 16065: 15766: 14045: 8801: 6429: 3469: 1547: 1449: 17673: 17037: 12856: 10012: 3550: 2242: 17703: 16932: 16782: 13985: 7301: 18415: 18365: 18350: 17683: 17553: 17523: 17478: 17313: 17032: 17022: 16967: 16707: 16682: 16327: 16125: 6534: 3353:

system was regulated in 1927 and completely abolished on 26 November 1947. The Widow Remarriage movement was spearheaded in the Godavari district by

3154:

as the Joint Director of Public Instruction. The central school was converted to a high school in April 1841 with 67 students and in 1853 became the

3181:

was established by the Andhra University Act of 1925 and in 1937, the University of Travancore was established in the princely state of Travancore.

1444:

from the Ministry split the Justice Party once again. Fearing a no-confidence motion against him, Munuswamy Naidu resigned in November 1932 and the

18380: 17428: 17423: 17373: 17363: 17283: 17228: 16922: 16677: 16497: 15349: 13910: 12907: 3531: 18180: 18105: 18070: 17623: 17538: 17353: 17203: 16897: 16757: 16692: 16417: 16130: 16007: 9792: 8871: 3281:

Women were expected to confine themselves to indoor activities and the maintenance of the household. Muslims and high-caste Hindu women observed

2477:

The Land Estates Act of 1908 was passed by the Madras Government in order to protect cultivators in Zamindaris from exploitation. Under the act,

2052: 2323:

Revenue from land rental as well as an income tax based on the tenant's net profits from their land was the presidency's main source of income.

18565: 18295: 18275: 18170: 17573: 17493: 17483: 17368: 17343: 17293: 17052: 16942: 16887: 16642: 16617: 16532: 13975: 9921: 9916: 9540: 8929: 2318: 2245:. By custom, the Commander-in-chief of the Madras Army was a member of the Governor's Executive Council. The army's troops participated in the 2121:

were constituted as a separate district in 1799. In 1800, the districts of Bellary and Cuddapah were created out of the territory ceded by the

816:, and thereafter its Governor ruled alongside a prime minister. In the early decades of the 20th century, many significant contributors to the 6274: 4339: 864:

in 1311, there was a brief lull when both culture and civilisation began to deteriorate. The Tamil and Telugu territories recovered under the

18711: 18560: 18485: 18255: 18230: 18110: 18085: 18045: 17844: 17473: 17433: 17138: 17097: 17057: 17027: 16817: 13995: 9744: 7340: 7121: 6174: 3666: 3599: 2233:

In 1824, a second reorganisation took place, whereupon the double battalions were abolished and the existing battalions were renumbered. The

2068: 1061:

under British rule. In return, Azim-ud-Daula was entitled to one-fifth of the total revenue of the state and the honour of a 21-gun salute.

18550: 18540: 18285: 18140: 18095: 17668: 17588: 17488: 16962: 16907: 16862: 16577: 16437: 16372: 16032: 15344: 13965: 9931: 4625: 2859:, was the largest bank in the presidency until its crash in 1906. Reduced to penury, disillusioned former Indian investors established the 1030:

to unify and regulate the administration of the territories of the East India Company, the President of Madras was made subordinate to the

6641: 3376:

were especially patronised by the upper and upper-middle class Madras society. Of the sports introduced by the British in the presidency,

2015:'s government passed the Hindu Religious Endowments Bill that established government-controlled trusts in the Madras Presidency to manage 18220: 18040: 17829: 17678: 17618: 17077: 16997: 16937: 16752: 16717: 16512: 15961: 14010: 13990: 13970: 9926: 9093: 8824: 2418: 1897:

Hinduism was the predominant religion in the presidency and practised by around 88% of the population. The main Hindu denominations were

956:

of Masulipatinam was appointed as its first Agent. All the agencies along India's east coast were subordinated to the East India Company

664: 529: 7691: 2390:

where communal ownership of land did not exist. Instead, land was individual property mostly owned by the landowning gentry, to wit the

1305:

in 1916. The Home Rule Movement was organised from Madras and found extensive support in the Province. Nationalistic newspapers such as

18330: 18065: 17578: 17263: 16912: 14040: 13890: 13862: 1249: 7957: 3037:

for the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company. In 1927, the South Indian Railway Company shifted its headquarters from Madurai to

18535: 18345: 18280: 18115: 18075: 17889: 17819: 17568: 17453: 17258: 17133: 17082: 16737: 16647: 16042: 14927: 14319: 14005: 13945: 13920: 12892: 9777: 9739: 4177: 3481: 1088: 981: 68: 2443:. In 1833, Lord William Bentinck implemented a new system called the "Mahalwari" or village system under which landlords as well as 872:

and European trading companies. Between 1685 and 1947, a number of kings ruled the areas that became part of the Madras Presidency.

18716: 18385: 17303: 17042: 16812: 16017: 15791: 15751: 14000: 13930: 13915: 13880: 13832: 12739: 10657: 9782: 8696: 2039:

introduced the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act which removed all restrictions on untouchables entering Hindu temples.

638: 7978: 3236:

in Madras and the St. Peter's College at Tanjore were some of the educational institutions established by Christian missionaries.

1405:, an organisation established in 1916 to campaign for increased representation of non-Brahmins in the administration, against the 16012: 15971: 15910: 15776: 14837: 14015: 13955: 4081:

Elite Formation in Nineteenth Century South India, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tamil Culture and History

3288:

Rural society comprised villages where people of different communities lived together. Brahmins lived in separate streets called

3192:, was established as a Government Survey School in 1794 before being upgraded to an Engineering College in 1861. Initially, only 3113: 2106: 2094: 1570:, who was the chief Minister of the province when India gained independence on 15 August 1947. The Madras Presidency became the 18676: 15996: 15976: 15956: 15756: 15329: 14993: 14988: 14234: 13980: 13960: 13935: 13925: 13875: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13421: 12653: 12379: 3439:

established a station in Madras. Cinemas became popular in the 1930s and 1940s with the first film in a South Indian language,

1467:

who, unhappy with the principles and policies of the Brahmin leadership of the provincial Congress, left the party to form the

7546: 2592:, 3.25 to 5 cwt. per acre and ragi, 4.25 to 5 cwt. per acre. The average gross turnout for food crops was 6.93 cwt. per acre. 16037: 15935: 15819: 15208: 14983: 14867: 13940: 13905: 13895: 13870: 13396: 13391: 11860: 9999: 9797: 9517: 9143: 8706: 8435: 8351: 8158: 8117: 8035: 8007: 7559: 1950: 1413:

became the first Chief Minister of the Madras Presidency but resigned soon after due to declining health and was replaced by

157: 6484: 1123:

were other notable insurrections against the British rule, but the Madras Presidency remained relatively undisturbed by the

14968: 14385: 13900: 13852: 9573: 3496: 3147: 1427: 134: 9104: 6794: 4279: 16228: 15009: 14614: 14314: 14082: 13885: 13416: 12922: 9787: 9731: 9374: 3188:

in 1867, was one of the first educational institutions outside Madras. The oldest engineering college in the presidency,

2194:

Madras forces under Lieutenant John de Morgan distinguished themselves in the siege of Fort St David and in putting down

1538:

Most of the Congress leadership and erstwhile ministers were arrested in 1942, as a result of their participation in the

2059:'s the legal right to Marry and also making it illegal to dedicate girls to Hindu temples was passed on 9 October 1947. 18686: 18671: 15951: 15399: 14978: 14832: 14135: 12882: 12680: 8304:

The Economics of Elementary Education in India: The Challenge of Public Finance, Private Provision, and Household Costs

6017: 5000: 1532: 4684: 4128: 15705: 15334: 15121: 14847: 14824: 11979: 9936: 9346: 9033: 9028: 8771: 8685: 8666: 8647: 8624: 8605: 8586: 8564: 8536: 8515: 8496: 8477: 8456: 8407: 8377: 8330: 8311: 8292: 8273: 8243: 8224: 8202: 8139: 8095: 8076: 8054: 7988: 7967: 7946: 7927: 7908: 7889: 7868: 7814: 7596: 2097:, known as the "jaghire" of Chingleput, obtained in 1763, was the first district in the Madras Presidency. Salem and 2089:

The origins of Madras Presidency lay in the village of Madraspatnam which was obtained in 1640. This was followed by

1913:

doctrine was quite popular. Worship of village gods was strong in the southern districts of the presidency while the

1719: 311: 8254: 7879: 1270:

on 26 February 1852. However, the organisation did not last long. The Madras Native Association was followed by the

16258: 16253: 16080: 15930: 15905: 15339: 14937: 12902: 11846: 9985: 9772: 9767: 9038: 8446: 4305: 3229: 1691: 1445: 1039: 567: 7387: 7273: 17739: 16135: 15685: 15147: 10670: 9762: 9126: 9018: 4663: 2028: 1166: 231: 15670: 1323:

actively endorsed the campaign for independence. India's first trade union was established in Madras in 1918 by

1213:

of the Madras High Court for a few months in 1893, thereby becoming the first Indian to hold the post. In 1899,

18030: 16070: 15966: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15152: 14973: 14887: 14872: 14380: 14050: 13346: 12530: 12016: 10685: 10665: 9382: 9200: 8877: 8752: 7626: 3447:, released in 1916. The first sound films in Tamil and Telugu were made in 1931 while the first Kannada talkie 3198: 3189: 2140: 1929:

were regarded as the centres of the Hindu faith. Of the Hindu temples, the largest and most important were the

1397: 1034:

based in Calcutta. In September 1746, Fort St George was captured by the French, who ruled Madras as a part of

805: 215: 146: 6690: 1527:

in educational institutions, a measure which made him highly unpopular as a politician and sparked widespread

18696: 18613: 17218: 16263: 15920: 15781: 15434: 15324: 15055: 14743: 14738: 14264: 9462: 9088: 9023: 6455: 4689:. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1975. 4387: 3206: 2848: 2741:. Trichinopoly, Madras and Dindigul were the main cheroot-producing areas. Until the discovery of artificial 1695: 514: 2425:

South Arcot. This involved the leasing of land to the principal cultivators, who in turn leased the land to

1221:

of the Madras Presidency. A number of roads, railways, dams and canals were constructed during this period.

15870: 14842: 14395: 14359: 14259: 14077: 14055: 13274: 12937: 12932: 12732: 11928: 11910: 11901: 11892: 11884: 11126: 10690: 10680: 9185: 9083: 8998: 7850:

T., Osborne; C. Hitch; A. Millar; John Rivington; S. Crowder; B. Law & Co; T. Longman; C. Ware (1765).

7311: 3488: 3347:

established the Widow Remarriage Association in Madras and advocated the remarriage of Brahmin widows. The

3334:

system was abolished by the Marmakkathayam Law of 1933. Numerous measures were taken to improve the lot of

3301: 3072:

The chief navigable waterways in the presidency were the canals in the Godavari and the Kistna deltas. The

2750:

brewery in the presidency was founded in the Nilgiri Hills in 1826. Coffee was cultivated in the region of

2032: 1930: 1522:

In 1937, the Indian National Congress was elected to power in the Presidency of Madras for the first time.

1340: 1229: 1186: 1182: 996: 817: 631: 265: 54: 6538: 18681: 17418: 16150: 16100: 16075: 16060: 15900: 15414: 15162: 14857: 14294: 14035: 13289: 12177: 12034: 11984: 11974: 10675: 10034: 10026: 9723: 9245: 9220: 9180: 8966: 8919: 7826:

Slavery in America: With Notices of the Present State of Slavery and the Slave Trade Throughout the World

7573: 7505: 3408: 1535:, took over the administration and the unpopular law was eventually repealed by him on 21 February 1940. 1523: 1512: 1453: 1267: 1225: 1027: 743: 8256:

Land and Caste in South India: Agricultural Labor in the Madras Presidency During the Nineteenth Century

83: 18706: 18666: 16178: 15786: 15761: 15700: 15680: 15243: 15213: 14947: 14917: 14390: 14364: 14206: 13305: 13207: 13005: 12815: 12119: 11937: 11919: 11487: 9215: 9073: 9068: 3614: 3321: 3155: 2990: 1279:

sessions of the Indian National Congress took place in Madras in 1894, 1898, 1903 1908, 1914 and 1927.

441: 2202: 16160: 16115: 16085: 15629: 15424: 15404: 15086: 14942: 14897: 14542: 13531: 13483: 13411: 13361: 13084: 13023: 12137: 9807: 9754: 9235: 9210: 9205: 9175: 9051: 8944: 7511:

Memorandum of progress of the Madras Presidency during the last forty years of British Administration

3389: 3133:

telegraph line established in 1858, was extended to Madras in 1882, thereby connecting the city with

3017: 2962: 2432: 2306: 2144: 2118: 2044: 1639: 1434:

and nominated its supporting members. In the election of 1930, the Justice Party was victorious, and

1282: 1233: 1143: 1092: 1031: 936: 778: 4331: 1083:

added vast areas of land and contributed to the exponential growth of the presidency. The system of

18701: 17007: 16732: 16727: 16273: 16198: 15915: 15895: 15690: 15228: 15223: 15157: 15131: 15126: 14963: 13488: 13279: 12927: 12114: 12039: 11276: 11201: 10700: 10617: 10597: 10259: 9240: 9230: 8981: 8266:

Motivation And Morale in Banking Administration: A Study Of Four Branches Of United Commercial Bank

7685: 7652: 6264: 3225: 3217: 3151: 3058: 3054: 2986: 2915: 2270: 2130: 1567: 1508: 1275: 1274:

which was started on 16 May 1884. Of the 72 delegates who participated in the first session of the

1178: 1174: 1170: 11824: 8598:

The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century

7350: 7131: 6184: 4921: 3676: 868:, founded in 1336. Following the empire's demise, the country was split amongst numerous sultans, 18245: 16223: 15890: 15860: 15855: 15409: 15268: 14789: 14753: 14441: 14436: 13452: 13310: 12978: 12942: 12725: 12565: 12545: 12512: 12104: 12044: 10044: 9855: 9482: 9167: 9056: 9003: 8764:

Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources

7760: 3354: 3233: 3167: 2584:

lands, which supported a population of 28 million. The rice yield was 7 to 10 cwt. per acre, the

2282: 2246: 1954: 1422: 1147: 1139: 624: 12580: 9963: 2611:

Irrigation along the east coast is carried out mostly by means of dams across rivers, lakes and

2375:

to the village administration. They also paid a specified sum to the Government. In return, the

2019:

and prevent potential misuse of their funds. Until the early years of the 20th century, certain

17628: 16787: 16637: 16627: 16622: 16502: 16193: 16110: 15850: 15771: 15675: 15218: 15014: 14779: 14344: 14289: 14269: 14060: 13457: 13436: 13371: 12897: 12274: 10763: 10317: 10127: 9502: 9492: 9417: 9013: 6651: 3562: 3202: 3117: 2421:

proved highly successful and was later implemented in the Madras Presidency from 1799 onwards.

2102: 1958: 1942: 1410: 1376: 1194: 949: 923: 892: 824:, a state of the Indian Union at the inauguration of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950. 758: 412: 188: 176: 11856: 8793: 7575:

Provincial Geographies of India:The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and Associated States

2970:

In the early days of the agency, the only means of transportation were bullock-carts known as

2708:

66.2 million. At the time of India's independence, imports of the presidency amounted to

2129:, Madura and Tinnevely were created out of the territories of the erstwhile Carnatic kingdom. 17273: 16667: 16377: 16283: 16233: 16203: 16183: 16140: 16052: 15715: 15483: 15233: 14912: 14877: 14670: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14494: 14329: 14324: 14304: 14299: 13755: 13498: 13227: 13157: 13137: 12089: 11797: 11713: 11251: 10838: 10407: 9895: 9875: 9835: 9497: 9062: 8955: 8341: 3866: 3589: 3557: 2826: 2024: 1934: 1663: 1575: 1528: 1468: 1402: 1383: 1328: 1271: 1070: 945: 587: 557: 292: 18691: 18240: 17779: 17774: 17248: 17168: 17002: 16342: 15801: 15746: 15720: 15662: 15624: 15429: 15298: 15278: 15037: 14922: 14892: 14578: 14284: 14249: 13730: 13717: 13559: 13503: 13431: 13336: 13284: 13107: 13069: 13001: 12968: 12877: 12872: 12845: 12560: 12355: 12069: 11966: 11839: 10547: 10312: 10172: 9978: 9328: 9304: 9134: 8745:

The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940 Studies in Military and Strategic History

8526: 4964: 3604: 3440: 3381: 3221: 3163: 3159: 3112:

The first organised postal service was established between Madras and Calcutta by Governor

2981: 2947: 2923: 2729: 2382:

The proprietary system was entirely different in the district of Malabar and the states of

2048: 1290: 1214: 1084: 1007: 731: 60: 9995: 4659: 4185: 3220:, established in 1842, is the oldest Hindu educational institution in the presidency. The 3170:

and Caroll V. Visvanatha Pillai of Ceylon were the first to graduate from the University.

8: 18470: 17944: 16702: 16632: 16552: 16542: 16507: 16432: 16243: 16238: 16218: 16188: 15925: 15478: 15439: 15419: 15303: 15293: 15081: 14862: 14812: 14723: 14695: 14634: 13760: 13692: 13644: 13624: 13554: 13493: 13258: 12912: 12830: 12643: 12638: 12535: 12350: 12294: 12284: 12243: 12238: 12223: 12183: 12129: 12074: 12006: 11905: 10502: 10147: 10137: 10079: 9900: 9830: 9477: 9387: 9320: 9264: 9119: 8127: 8064: 7721: 7607: 2435:

between 1820 and 1827. According to the new system, land was handed over directly to the

2074: 2000: 1809: 1667: 1643: 1539: 1237: 908: 896: 774: 7793: 7509: 18100: 17864: 17613: 17558: 17458: 17323: 16972: 16842: 16387: 16248: 16105: 15725: 15557: 15462: 15394: 15288: 15283: 15238: 14932: 14852: 14703: 14466: 14418: 14349: 14239: 14160: 14105: 13780: 13745: 13652: 13508: 13386: 13152: 13127: 12887: 12799: 12784: 12761: 12340: 12335: 12233: 12228: 12218: 12167: 12162: 12084: 12064: 12011: 10642: 10487: 10467: 10167: 10099: 10084: 10064: 10049: 10017: 9860: 9815: 9412: 9397: 9392: 9336: 8884: 8788: 8636: 7773: 7750: 7670: 7526: 7483: 7459:. T. Ward, and to be had at the office of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery society. 6449: 4381: 3419: 3344: 3171: 2733: 2732:, Madras. The scarcity of cotton in Lancashire caused by a decline in trade due to the 2379:

s demanded non-interference by the government in the internal affairs of the villages.

2152: 2079: 2036: 1982:

who visited the Malabar coast in 52 AD Christians were mainly concentrated in the

1975: 1551: 1435: 1369: 1359: 1324: 1294: 1286: 1198: 1046: 904: 900: 865: 809: 790: 754: 607: 547: 279: 8550:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. 2212:

Artillery – Two European battalions of five companies each, with fifteen companies of

1606:. Present-day territories that were once part of the presidency are the whole Indian 757:

purchased the village of Madraspatnam and one year later it established the Agency of

18060: 17874: 17869: 17749: 17729: 16612: 16597: 16367: 16173: 15520: 15116: 14902: 14882: 14609: 14557: 14489: 14274: 14145: 14070: 14065: 13775: 13770: 13682: 13672: 13589: 13462: 13248: 13212: 13172: 13117: 13102: 12851: 12825: 12690: 12633: 12623: 12618: 12540: 12365: 12325: 12299: 12259: 12213: 12203: 12142: 12026: 11996: 11782: 11658: 11578: 11492: 11306: 10993: 10572: 10447: 10177: 10162: 10132: 10122: 10074: 10069: 10054: 9890: 9850: 9487: 9467: 9432: 9407: 8961: 8934: 8861: 8856: 8767: 8748: 8702: 8681: 8662: 8643: 8620: 8601: 8582: 8560: 8532: 8511: 8492: 8473: 8452: 8431: 8403: 8373: 8347: 8326: 8307: 8288: 8269: 8239: 8220: 8198: 8181: 8173: 8154: 8135: 8113: 8091: 8072: 8050: 8031: 8003: 7984: 7963: 7942: 7923: 7904: 7885: 7881:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

7864: 7810: 7804: 7622: 7592: 7555: 4996: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3594: 3456: 3393: 3314: 3259: 3193: 3178: 2931: 2843: 2383: 2258: 2160: 2156: 2135: 2114: 2040: 1655: 1651: 1543: 1488: 1202: 1190: 1135: 1131: 1076: 957: 735: 727: 719: 715: 672: 845:. The first prominent rulers of the northern part of the future Presidency were the 18591: 18460: 18440: 18205: 17804: 17769: 17638: 17047: 16957: 16527: 16090: 15589: 15499: 15376: 15273: 14784: 14763: 14728: 14660: 14619: 14552: 14509: 14130: 13795: 13750: 13735: 13707: 13697: 13687: 13657: 13629: 13594: 13581: 13564: 13549: 13232: 13142: 13059: 12839: 12685: 12613: 12360: 12345: 12289: 12269: 12264: 12208: 11896: 11765: 11728: 11422: 11206: 11181: 10497: 10182: 10142: 10089: 9885: 9865: 9840: 9472: 9457: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9402: 7852:

The Modern part of a universal history from the Earliest Account of Time, Vol XLIII

4544:

Kumar, P. C. Vinoj (10 September 2003). "Anti-Hindi sentiments still alive in TN".

3522: 3073: 2919: 2911: 2856: 2628: 2612: 2600: 2356: 2274: 2098: 2043:

of Travancore had issued a similar had earlier introduced similar legislation, the

1987: 1679: 1659: 1302: 1218: 965: 786: 761:, precursor of the Madras Presidency, although there had been Company factories at 486: 3338:

outcasts. The Thirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams Act (1933), included Dalits in the

2595: 504: 18490: 17990: 17598: 17548: 17513: 17238: 17208: 17148: 17118: 17062: 16672: 16662: 16657: 16572: 16402: 16332: 15796: 15741: 15594: 15541: 15504: 14309: 14244: 13803: 13765: 13702: 13634: 13426: 13167: 13147: 13122: 13092: 13028: 12842: 12789: 12663: 12600: 12590: 12520: 12330: 12279: 12109: 12094: 12059: 12049: 11941: 11832: 11787: 11121: 10948: 10372: 10209: 10157: 10152: 10109: 10094: 10059: 10039: 9971: 9880: 9870: 9845: 9820: 9507: 9427: 9312: 9272: 9190: 9008: 8993: 8851: 8397: 6488: 4959: 3436: 3424: 3274: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3038: 2899: 2504: 2458:, or tribute, payable to the government in perpetuity was about £330,000 a year. 2254: 2225: 2012: 2004: 1827: 1647: 1607: 1464: 1448:

was appointed Chief Minister in his place. The Justice Party eventually lost the

1414: 1406: 1096: 1058: 1054: 1023: 916: 857: 355: 296: 242: 2818:

2.36 crores and revenue fund, Rs.5.02 crores. Total expenditure for 1946–47 was

2474:

72,665,330. Madras had forest coverage of 15,782 square miles (40,880 km).

2151:

There were five princely states subordinate to the Madras government. They were

1814: 18495: 18435: 18405: 18355: 18310: 18130: 17904: 17784: 17658: 17388: 17333: 17243: 17017: 16807: 16722: 16482: 16457: 16362: 16278: 16208: 16168: 15695: 15203: 14907: 14733: 14593: 14547: 14165: 13740: 13662: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13406: 13376: 13253: 13217: 13197: 13177: 12608: 12550: 12320: 12198: 12079: 11528: 11462: 11246: 11211: 11023: 10988: 10963: 10953: 10943: 10803: 10567: 10537: 10397: 10367: 10362: 10249: 10225: 10201: 10117: 9825: 9678: 9563: 9422: 9359: 9225: 9147: 9112: 8971: 8949: 8939: 8924: 8105: 7939:

Culture, creation, and procreation: concepts of kinship in South Asian practice

7656: 7569: 7522: 7466:

Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency

6798: 4283: 3369: 3034: 2951: 2939: 2927: 2895: 2671: 1823: 1611: 1603: 1112: 883:, has a distinct history, language, and culture from its eastern counterparts. 849: 846: 747: 680: 676: 597: 431: 404: 106: 2651: 2481:

s were made permanent occupants of the land. However, far from protecting the

1859: 1038:

until 1749, when Madras was handed back to the British under the terms of the

952:

was built. An agency was created to govern the new settlement, and the factor

18660: 18642: 18629: 18510: 18505: 18450: 18410: 18370: 18225: 18190: 18165: 18090: 18035: 17969: 17708: 17643: 17633: 17608: 17593: 17503: 17463: 17223: 17158: 17113: 17072: 16952: 16857: 16792: 16712: 16562: 16492: 16472: 16442: 16427: 16412: 16322: 16213: 16120: 15599: 15573: 15525: 15308: 15198: 15111: 14758: 14675: 14461: 14456: 14229: 14196: 13785: 13725: 13677: 13478: 13132: 13097: 13074: 13038: 13033: 12917: 12835: 12794: 12779: 12648: 12304: 12152: 12001: 11923: 11775: 11770: 11683: 11648: 11618: 11613: 11518: 11407: 11141: 10918: 10903: 10743: 10562: 10552: 10512: 10402: 10352: 10332: 10292: 9708: 9623: 9530: 9195: 8914: 8909: 8902: 8212: 8000:

Mr Hopkins' Men: Cambridge Reform and British Mathematics in the 19th Century

7695:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 288–291. 7680: 7584: 3537: 3373: 3361: 3240: 3116:

in 1712. After reform and regularisation, a new postal system was started by

3106: 3098: 3050: 3042: 3005: 3001: 2839: 2604: 2548: 2508: 2278: 2262: 2090: 1843: 1839: 1615: 1431: 1313: 1210: 1116: 1105: 1050: 944:

started harassing the local officers. The East India Company's administrator

869: 762: 668: 11747: 8170:

A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present

6021: 3239:

The Madras Presidency had the highest literacy rate of all the provinces in

2179: 789:

in 1938. By 1908, the province comprised twenty-two districts, each under a

18603: 18515: 18430: 18320: 18215: 18195: 18145: 18050: 18025: 18015: 18010: 17899: 17884: 17859: 17849: 17754: 17734: 17583: 17518: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17188: 17092: 16977: 16777: 16422: 16397: 16352: 16268: 15619: 15263: 15071: 14718: 14713: 14624: 14537: 14532: 14499: 14446: 14191: 14175: 14155: 14150: 14140: 14125: 13604: 13599: 13381: 13331: 13112: 13064: 12708: 12668: 12422: 12157: 12147: 12099: 12054: 11932: 11815: 11733: 11718: 11668: 11608: 11603: 11593: 11573: 11477: 11432: 11427: 11412: 11352: 11301: 11261: 11241: 11151: 11146: 11086: 11018: 10928: 10893: 10848: 10833: 10778: 10622: 10587: 10527: 10492: 10462: 10427: 10412: 10392: 10357: 10342: 10327: 10282: 9954: 9713: 9638: 9452: 9354: 8185: 7710: 7666: 4121: 3578:

Refreshment stall at a railway station in the Madras Presidency, c. a. 1895

3541: 3385: 2683: 2640: 2540: 2528: 2524: 2516: 2164: 2125:

of Hyderabad. In 1801, the districts of North Arcot, South Arcot, Nellore,

2016: 1979: 1571: 1460: 1418: 1298: 1258: 1206: 1124: 1080: 1035: 953: 931: 821: 471: 461: 368: 14573: 11957: 8617:

The Regional Roots of Developmental Politics in India: A Divided Leviathan

7684: 2011:, worshiped tribal gods and were often classified as Hindus. In 1921, the 895:(1533–1603) granted a group of English merchants a charter to establish a 18360: 18265: 18250: 18200: 18175: 18155: 18150: 18135: 18125: 18080: 18005: 17894: 17809: 17794: 17698: 17653: 17528: 17508: 17393: 17348: 17288: 17278: 17253: 17213: 17128: 17067: 16742: 16592: 16547: 15710: 15076: 14665: 14583: 14279: 13667: 13401: 13326: 13187: 13162: 13054: 12820: 12675: 12658: 12575: 12570: 12525: 12427: 11914: 11875: 11755: 11673: 11663: 11543: 11402: 11392: 11286: 11281: 11266: 11131: 11106: 11096: 11033: 11003: 10968: 10913: 10888: 10863: 10823: 10788: 10612: 10477: 10442: 10437: 10387: 9668: 9628: 9364: 8987: 8828: 3255: 3130: 3012: 2943: 2935: 2907: 2903: 2860: 2536: 2234: 2188: 2083: 1962: 1902: 1631: 1619: 1594: 1586: 1319: 1159: 1120: 985: 977: 861: 841:

from this portion of the subcontinent shows inhabitation as early as the

577: 451: 225: 209: 4309: 2659: 1111:

The period also witnessed a number of rebellions starting with the 1806

18500: 18455: 18400: 18390: 18340: 18315: 18305: 18210: 18185: 18120: 17995: 17985: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17924: 17914: 17814: 17648: 17498: 17443: 17438: 17358: 17338: 17308: 17233: 17178: 17143: 17087: 16992: 16987: 16902: 16877: 16832: 16827: 16797: 16772: 16747: 16697: 16607: 16602: 16557: 16522: 16487: 16407: 16392: 16357: 15193: 14748: 14629: 14354: 14201: 13356: 13192: 13182: 12963: 12958: 12628: 12467: 12452: 11792: 11703: 11693: 11623: 11558: 11538: 11533: 11482: 11457: 11417: 11387: 11382: 11331: 11321: 11256: 11216: 11156: 11038: 11013: 11008: 10998: 10898: 10868: 10818: 10813: 10753: 10602: 10592: 10582: 10577: 10472: 10457: 10347: 10302: 9703: 9673: 9558: 9525: 8574: 7980:

The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660–1760

7806:

Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources

7785:

Madras, the Birth Place of British India: An Illustrated Guide with Map

7375: 7336: 7261: 6467: 6465: 6347: 6345: 6170: 3503: 3365: 3326: 3290: 3185: 3062: 2883: 2864: 2772: 2700:

11.52 crores. During the same year, exports to other countries reached

2624: 2616: 2560: 2391: 2387: 2168: 1883: 1707: 1635: 1627: 1623: 1492: 989: 912: 875:

The southwestern portions of the presidency, which together constitute

770: 723: 684: 2692:

In 1900–01, imports from other provinces of British India amounted to

1878: 18555: 18530: 18525: 18520: 18480: 18425: 18375: 18020: 17939: 17688: 17663: 17563: 17383: 17378: 17328: 17298: 17193: 17173: 17163: 16917: 16882: 16852: 16822: 16652: 16582: 16537: 16517: 16452: 16382: 14708: 14680: 14339: 14334: 14254: 14170: 13824: 12973: 12497: 12472: 12442: 12432: 11523: 11513: 11497: 11452: 11442: 11372: 11236: 11221: 11171: 11161: 11091: 10923: 10858: 10843: 10808: 10798: 10773: 10758: 10748: 10738: 10718: 10517: 10482: 10432: 10422: 10377: 10322: 10307: 10297: 10287: 10241: 9683: 9663: 9658: 9553: 9296: 9280: 9158: 8321:

Mill, John Stuart; John M. Robson; Martin Moir; Zawahir Moir (1996).

7463: 7345: 7306: 7126: 6646: 6269: 6179: 5455: 5443: 5431: 5416: 5404: 5385: 5373: 5358: 5346: 5334: 5313: 5160: 5148: 5112: 5085: 5070: 4848: 4795: 4715: 3671: 3460: 3414: 3030: 2996: 2975: 2887: 2875: 2835: 2768: 2764: 2746: 2676: 2645: 2544: 2363:

in the village were vested in a single individual who was called the

2336: 2301: 2250: 1983: 1867: 1831: 1699: 1687: 1440: 1307: 876: 853: 842: 700: 692: 8069:

Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India

6462: 6382: 6342: 6294: 6292: 5952: 5950: 5937: 5935: 5922: 5920: 5907: 5905: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5851: 5849: 5795: 5737: 5735: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5705: 5703: 5647: 5645: 5632: 5630: 5593: 5591: 5166: 3294:. Untouchables lived outside village limits in small hamlets called 3158:

with the addition of a college department. On 5 September 1857, the

2450:

By the early 20th century, the greater part of the land was held by

926:

in India on behalf of the company. The first of these were built at

18545: 18465: 18445: 18420: 18300: 18290: 18235: 18160: 17929: 17919: 17879: 17839: 17834: 17824: 17724: 17448: 17318: 17123: 17012: 16767: 16567: 16467: 16337: 14685: 14644: 14588: 14484: 14451: 13222: 12585: 12492: 12482: 12412: 12397: 12392: 11854: 11723: 11653: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11598: 11588: 11548: 11447: 11437: 11362: 11347: 11231: 11226: 11191: 11176: 11166: 11136: 11116: 11081: 11043: 10983: 10958: 10933: 10908: 10883: 10853: 10828: 10793: 10733: 10728: 10637: 10607: 10542: 10532: 10522: 10507: 10452: 10417: 10233: 9693: 9613: 9603: 9593: 9588: 9568: 8469:

Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970

6694: 6673: 6671: 6669: 5028: 5026: 5024: 4958:

Parvathi Menon (2000). Alice Thorner; Maithreyi Krishnaraj (eds.).

4801: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4750: 4748: 4486: 4484: 3937: 3913: 3901: 3877: 3349: 3310: 3244: 3210: 3046: 2664: 2494: 2408: 2348: 2310: 2143:

which was subject to the District Collector of Vizagapatam and the

2056: 1926: 1922: 1906: 1476: 1472: 1254: 1019: 964:. By 1641, Fort St George became the company's headquarters on the 941: 919: 782: 4368:. 13 September 2003. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009 3388:

were the most popular. An annual cricket tournament, known as the

3357:. Most of the pioneers of social reform were Indian nationalists. 1350: 18475: 18395: 18335: 18260: 18000: 17934: 17799: 17789: 17759: 17744: 17603: 17198: 17153: 16982: 16927: 16892: 16847: 16802: 16762: 16477: 14639: 13366: 13202: 12748: 12555: 12502: 12477: 12457: 12437: 12417: 12407: 11947: 11760: 11708: 11698: 11688: 11643: 11568: 11563: 11553: 11472: 11467: 11377: 11311: 11271: 11196: 11186: 11111: 11101: 11076: 11053: 10978: 10973: 10873: 10713: 10647: 10632: 10557: 10272: 10217: 9993: 9643: 9633: 9618: 9288: 8264:

Kumar, Naresh (2003). "Historical Background of Banking System".

8019:

The Growth of public opinion in the Madras Presidency (1858–1909)

6813: 6289: 5986: 5974: 5962: 5947: 5932: 5917: 5902: 5890: 5873: 5861: 5846: 5732: 5715: 5700: 5642: 5627: 5615: 5603: 5588: 5576: 5545: 4620: 3506: 3377: 3360:

Traditional pastimes and forms of recreation in rural areas were

3126: 2891: 2780: 2742: 2738: 2512: 2266: 1996: 1966: 1946: 1938: 1910: 1898: 1871: 1863: 1835: 1675: 1555: 1393: 1011: 813: 766: 97: 15982:

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (India)

8508:

Encyclopaedia of violence against women and dowry death in India

8177: 7765:

History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

6666: 6614: 6612: 6599: 6597: 6595: 5836: 5834: 5819: 5807: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5130: 5021: 5009: 4990: 4960:"Ideals, Images and Real Lives: Women in Literature and History" 4945:

Untouchability in India: implementation of the law and abolition

4866: 4760: 4745: 4481: 4469: 4457: 4445: 4433: 4421: 4409: 3475:

A Westernized middle-class urban Tamil Brahmin couple. c.a .1945

2954:

were some of the leading banks headquartered in the presidency.

1479:, and Hindu superstitions in periodicals and newspapers such as 734:

to the north. Some parts of the presidency were also flanked by

18325: 18055: 17964: 17854: 17764: 17533: 17468: 16837: 16687: 16462: 16447: 16347: 12447: 12402: 11864: 11583: 11397: 11367: 11357: 11326: 11316: 11048: 10938: 10878: 10783: 10627: 10337: 10003: 9688: 9653: 9648: 9608: 9598: 9578: 8823: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 4890: 4721: 4525: 3703: 3435:

Regular radio service in the presidency commenced in 1938 when

3306: 3282: 3134: 3102: 2879: 2852: 2830: 2775:. In 1947, Madras had 3,761 factories with 276,586 operatives. 2759: 2721: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2532: 2213: 2126: 2110: 2020: 2008: 1970: 1918: 1703: 1671: 1602:

At its greatest extent, the Madras Presidency included much of

1134:

in 1831 on allegations of maladministration and restored it to

1101: 880: 838: 739: 704: 696: 688: 7538:

Madras Tercentenary Celebration Committee Commemoration Volume

5118: 3610:

List of colonial governors and presidents of Madras Presidency

3166:

as a model with the first examinations held in February 1858.

1463:

movement emerged in the Madras Presidency. It was launched by

17543: 17183: 14224: 12387: 11678: 11291: 11028: 10768: 10723: 10708: 10382: 10277: 10267: 9583: 9548: 8976: 7454: 7047: 7035: 7023: 6849: 6825: 6775: 6609: 6592: 6580: 5831: 5778: 5676: 5657: 5557: 5427: 5425: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5369: 5367: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5322: 4496: 3335: 2755: 2751: 2655:

Textile showroom of M. V. Cunniah Chetty and Sons, circa 1914

2371:

s were required to donate a certain amount of money known as

2122: 1992: 1914: 1891: 1683: 1503: 1224:

Two large famines occurred in Madras during this period, the

1015: 927: 801:

with villages making up the smallest unit of administration.

773:

was appointed as president. In 1785, under the provisions of

393: 8151:

Mining the home movie: excavations in histories and memories

8088:

Regional Surveys of the world: Far East and Australasia 2003

7651: 7609:

Hand-book to the cotton cultivation in the Madras presidency

6624: 5108: 5106: 5081: 5079: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4260: 4248: 2101:

districts were obtained from Tipu Sultan in 1792 as per the

12487: 12462: 11296: 9698: 3077: 2520: 2427: 2395: 961: 708: 101: 12717: 7899:

Anantha Raman, Sita; Vasantha Surya; A. Mātavaiyā (2005).

7861:

A field of one's own: gender and land rights in South Asia

6529: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6399: 6397: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6080: 6078: 6041: 6039: 5449: 5437: 5422: 5410: 5391: 5379: 5364: 5352: 5340: 5319: 5307: 5304:

The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940, Page:16

4842: 4709: 4236: 4224: 2696:

13.43 crores while exports to other provinces amounted to

1430:, set up a cross-party government under the leadership of 886: 675:. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of 8028:

Religion and nationalism in India: the case of the Punjab

6683: 6570: 6568: 6134: 6132: 5103: 5076: 5053: 4854: 4508: 8149:

Ishizuka, Karen L.; Zimmermann, Patricia Rodden (2008).

7582: 7011: 6999: 6987: 6763: 6553: 6409: 5485: 4789: 4566:"Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Chapter 4" 4559: 4557: 4555: 4298: 4169: 3254:

was passed after its introduction by Education Minister

3174:

was the first Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University.

1026:. In September 1774, by Pitt's India Act, passed by the 421:, distributed by the British Information Services (1942) 9079:

List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)

8421:. Malaviya Adhyayan Sansthan, Banaras Hindu University. 7331: 7329: 7194: 7170: 6993: 6520: 6503: 6394: 6357: 6304: 6102: 6090: 6075: 6063: 6051: 6036: 6010: 5998: 5091: 4942: 4572: 4306:"Biography of the founders of the Theosophical Society" 3925: 2466:

9,783,167 and 58,904,798 acres (238,379.26 km) of

1554:

was then elected as Chief Minister with the support of

976:

Andrew Cogan was succeeded by Francis Day (1643–1644),

971: 15866:

Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute

8838:

Italics = areas outside present-day India and Pakistan

8419:

Mahāmanā Madan Mohan Malaviya: An Historical Biography

6947: 6945: 6932: 6930: 6881: 6879: 6866: 6864: 6565: 6247: 6245: 6144: 6129: 4057: 3647: 2341: 1064: 7878:

Ahmed, Farooqui Salma; Ahmed Farooqui, Salma (2011).

7182: 7158: 7005: 6981: 6787: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6159: 4552: 3258:. Under the bill's provisions, the governing body of 1471:. Periyar, as he was alternatively known, criticised 14046:

Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board

8695:

Thorpe, Edgar; Showick Thorpe; Thorpe Edgar (2011).

8489:

The Proudest Day – India's Long Ride to Independence

7956:

Chatterjee, Indrani; Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2006).

7803:

Playne, Somerset; J. W. Bond; Arnold Wright (1914).

7481: 7414: 7326: 7101: 6855: 6831: 6781: 6618: 6603: 6586: 6471: 6388: 6351: 5840: 5801: 5789: 5682: 5670: 5570: 5172: 4993:

Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation

4807: 4727: 3943: 3919: 3907: 3883: 3709: 3272:

states of Travancore and Cochin which practised the

2790:

57 crores in 1946–47 made as follows: Land revenue,

2221:

Native Infantry – Eleven regiments of two battalions

1491:, which campaigned for the right of untouchables in 1396:

was created in Madras Presidency in 1920 as per the

832: 8727:

The Nattukottai Chettiar Merchant Bankers in Ceylon

8528:

East India Company the Worlds Most Powerful Company

7402: 6969: 6957: 6942: 6927: 6915: 6876: 6861: 6477: 6242: 4104: 4102: 4087: 2329: 2209:

European Infantry – Two battalions of ten companies

1108:were the last places to be annexed by the British. 8635: 7113: 6257: 6156: 5286: 5274: 4936: 3521:Hindu devotees in procession around the temple at 2966:Map of the Madras and South Mahratta Railway lines 2615:. The main source of water for agriculture in the 1173:. The council was reformed and expanded under the 7749:G. F., Major MacMunn; Major A. C. Lovett (1911). 7589:Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol. I to VII 7528:Economic Studies Vol I:Some South Indian villages 7455:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society (1841). 6199: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5262: 5250: 5238: 5226: 5214: 4902: 4272: 4114: 4074: 4072: 2712:71.32 crores a year while exports were valued at 2687:Workshops of the Madras Automobiles Ltd., c. 1904 1297:in 1882. The society's most prominent figure was 18658: 12908:1932 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Strike 7089: 6487:. District Collectorate, Chennai. Archived from 5202: 5190: 5178: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4537: 4099: 3961: 3455:in 1938. There were film studios at Coimbatore, 3451:was made in 1934 and the first Malayalam talkie 3392:, was held between Indians and Europeans during 3008:with the Indian mainland was constructed in 1914 2890:, Bangalore, and Cochin, as well as a branch in 2498:A 1936 map of rice stations in Madras Presidency 1542:. In 1944, Periyar renamed the Justice Party as 1138:(1881–94), the grandson and heir of the deposed 254:• Fort St. George elevated to a Presidency 16:Administrative subdivision of India through 1950 13530: 8872:Presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements 8736:Faction and front: Party systems in South India 7675:. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House. 7642: 7426: 7254: 6753: 6751: 6726: 6724: 6436:. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008 6220: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6020:. Madras Stock Exchange Limited. Archived from 5043: 5041: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3162:was established as an examining body using the 2635: 2053:Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act 1243: 820:came from Madras. Madras was later admitted as 9922:List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh 9917:List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population 6421: 5747: 5521: 5509: 5497: 4957: 4660:"The State Legislature – Origin and Evolution" 4324: 4178:"Willing to strike and not reluctant to wound" 4069: 3949: 3846: 3834: 2957: 2319:List of zamindari estates in Madras Presidency 2031:, the trust which manages the Hindu temple at 1511:came to power for the first time in 1937 with 12733: 11840: 9979: 9120: 8809: 8211: 8195:Pop culture India: media, arts, and lifestyle 7616: 7497:. Madras: South Indian Railway Company. 1926. 7146: 7048:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841 7036:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841 7024:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841 6230: 5184: 4830: 4813: 4733: 4616:"INDIA (FAILURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY)" 4519: 4399: 4397: 4308:. Theosophical Society, Adyar. Archived from 4083:. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaysia Press. 3889: 3852: 3840: 3780: 3757: 3745: 3733: 3721: 3600:Administrative divisions of Madras Presidency 3263:Vice-Chancellor appointed by the Chancellor. 2489: 2447:entered into a contract with the Government. 2281:, and the invasion of Upper Burma during the 2183:A British officer in the Madras Light Cavalry 2069:Administrative divisions of Madras Presidency 1079:(1782–99), Maruthu Pandyar, Velu Thampi, and 856:. The country recovered under the subsequent 714:The Madras Presidency was neighboured by the 707:was the winter capital of the presidency and 632: 16146:Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital 9932:List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh 8557:C. Rajagopalachari: Role in Freedom Movement 7295: 7293: 7291: 7242: 6903: 6837: 6748: 6736: 6721: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6211: 6119: 6117: 5533: 5038: 4212: 4200: 4146: 4045: 4033: 4021: 4009: 3997: 3763: 3751: 3184:The Government Arts College, established in 1498: 1456:became Chief Minister of Madras Presidency. 1146:was annexed in 1855, following the death of 9927:List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh 9094:Territorial evolution of the British Empire 8747:. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. p. 16. 8718:Tribes of India – The Struggle for Survival 8263: 8234:Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). 7787:. The Madras Times Printing and Publishing. 7699: 7504: 7472: 7230: 7218: 7206: 6891: 6769: 6415: 6150: 6138: 5154: 5142: 4991:B. S. Chandrababu; L. Thilagavathi (2009). 4640: 3739: 3727: 3715: 2523:, beans, onions, garlic and spices such as 2265:of the 18th century, the British attack on 1702:. The presidency had its winter capital at 1153: 922:(1569–1627) to permit the establishment of 16066:Government Multi Super-speciality Hospital 14417: 14041:Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority 13000: 12740: 12726: 11847: 11833: 9986: 9972: 9127: 9113: 8816: 8802: 8761: 8638:Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia 7759: 7029: 6709: 6559: 6427: 5688: 4914: 4652: 4394: 4282:. Indian National Congress. Archived from 4078: 3653: 3150:, a University Board was established with 3101:'s plane carrying air-mail from Bombay to 2704:11.74 crores while imports were valued at 1375:who founded the Justice Party in 1916 and 1250:Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu 639: 625: 82: 15767:Veterinary and Animal Sciences University 12893:1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike 8402:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. 7544: 7492: 7288: 7077: 6325: 6114: 4563: 4354: 3931: 3822: 3407:which was established by freedom-fighter 1882:Muslim (called in English at the time as 15792:Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University 8716:von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph (1982). 8063: 7920:Quality of Work Life in Commercial Banks 7841: 7679: 7548:Odisha District Gazetteers: Nabarangapur 5491: 5097: 4163: 4127:. High Court, Madras. 2007. p. 17. 3011: 2995: 2980: 2961: 2786:The total revenue of the presidency was 2682: 2670: 2658: 2650: 2639: 2594: 2539:and peanuts. Fruits cultivated included 2493: 2300: 2224: 2178: 1877: 1858: 1813: 1593: 1585: 1502: 1438:became Chief Minister. The exclusion of 1368:The non-Brahmin movement was started by 1253: 1240:caused discontent among the population. 1217:became the first Indian to be appointed 1001: 732:Nizam's Dominions of Hyderabad and Berar 15777:SRM Institute of Science and Technology 8657:Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar (1982). 8233: 8047:Social background of Indian nationalism 7845:. Babu Bhishambher Nath Bhargava. 1922. 7742:Peeps at many lands: Home Life in India 7739: 7658:South India and her Muhammadan Invaders 7370: 7368: 7188: 6975: 6963: 6951: 6936: 6921: 6870: 6640:Jebaraj, Priscilla (5 September 2008). 6639: 6169: 4878: 4693:from the original on 19 September 2017. 4608: 3895: 3667:"They administered our region HERITAGE" 3330:contracts as legal marriages while the 3105:via Bellary. This was the beginning of 2588:yields were 3.5 to 6.25 cwt. per acre, 2555:. In addition, cabbages, cauliflowers, 1890:In 1901, the population breakdown was: 1818:Linguistic map of the Madras Presidency 1386:and took over the Justice party in 1944 887:Early English trading posts (1600–1639) 18659: 15977:Structural Engineering Research Centre 15957:National Institute of Ocean Technology 15330:Chennai Contract Carriage Bus Terminus 8701:. Dorling Kindersly (India) Pvt. Ltd. 8510:. Anmol Publications Private Limited. 8372:. Anmol Publications Private Limited. 8343:Euro-English: assessing variety status 7704:. Executive Committee of the Congress. 6797:. Annamalai University. Archived from 6693:. University of Kerala. Archived from 4995:. Bharathi Puthakalayam. p. 264. 4157: 3864: 3691: 3399:The presidency's first newspaper, the 3266: 2035:. In 1939, the Congress government of 1738: 793:, and it was further sub-divided into 16304: 15820:Indian Institute of Technology Madras 15650: 15374: 15209:Chennai Port - Maduravoyal Expressway 15035: 14810: 14416: 14103: 13529: 12999: 12759: 12721: 11828: 9967: 9108: 8797: 8742: 7901:A. Madhaviah: A Biography and a Novel 7849: 7612:. J. Higginbotham and Pharaoh and Co. 4860: 4697: 4543: 4332:"BBC Historic Figures – Annie Besant" 2814:8.45 crores; Extraordinary receipts, 2355:among Muslims and Christians. In the 2238:infantry and three local battalions. 1452:to the Indian National Congress, and 1201:became the first Indian judge of the 665:administrative subdivision (province) 18712:1652 establishments in British India 8715: 8581:. East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd. 8554: 7802: 7748: 7709:Codrington, Humphry William (1926). 7485:The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908 7475:The India List and India Office List 7365: 6277:from the original on 6 November 2012 5292: 5280: 5268: 5256: 5244: 5232: 5220: 5208: 5196: 4531: 4342:from the original on 8 November 2012 4134:from the original on 8 February 2012 4122:"Report of the High Court of Madras" 3985: 3216:Among the private institutions, the 3053:was opened for traffic in 1914. The 2675:Parry & Co. sugar refineries at 2572:, 10 percent; ragi, 5.4 percent and 2535:along with vegetable oils made from 2417:settlement established in Bengal by 1561: 1334: 972:Agency of Fort St George (1640–1684) 903:. Subsequently, during the reign of 18609: 15350:State Express Transport Corporation 14615:Chennai International Film Festival 14083:Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services 7798:. Methodist Episcopal Church Press. 7730: 7482:Hunter, Sir William Wilson (1908). 7473:Great Britain India Office (1905). 7335: 7260: 7122:"When the devadasi tradition ended" 3973: 1951:Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam 1205:despite strong opposition from the 1150:(1832–1855) who left no male heir. 1115:. The rebellion of Velu Thambi and 1077:Successful wars against Tipu Sultan 1065:During the Company rule (1801–1858) 13: 16868:Sathyamoorthy Nagar (Tiruvottiyur) 15962:Institute of Mathematical Sciences 15952:Central Leather Research Institute 15345:Metropolitan Transport Corporation 14136:Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex 12883:Bombardment of Madras by SMS Emden 11756:Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore) 8395: 8370:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties 8132:Queen Victoria: A Personal History 7937:Böck, Monika; Rao, Aparna (2000). 7917: 7731:F. E., Penny; Lady Lawley (1914). 7536:Tercentenary Madras Staff (1939). 7374: 7300:M., Allirajan (17 November 2003). 7299: 7119: 6018:"History of Madras Stock Exchange" 4175: 2229:A Jamadar of the 20th Deccan Horse 1733: 1130:The Madras Presidency annexed the 268:but retains title of "Presidency" 266:Madras becomes a province of India 14: 18728: 13417:University of Madras Senate House 9937:List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh 9034:United Provinces of British India 9029:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh 8782: 8399:The political career of K Kamaraj 7959:Slavery & South Asian History 7778:. Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co. 7744:. London: A. & C. Black, Ltd. 7665: 7535: 6642:"Ongoing saga of higher learning" 6428:Srinivasan, T. A. (8 July 2005). 6273:. Chennai, India. 12 April 2004. 6205: 4266: 4254: 4176:S., Muthiah (13 September 2003). 4108: 3540:bride and groom belonging to the 2062: 1931:Venkateswara temple at Thirupathi 1720:Demographics of Madras Presidency 833:Before the arrival of the English 18608: 18597: 18587: 18586: 16873:Sathyamoorthy Nagar (Vyasarpadi) 16081:Kilpauk Medical College Hospital 16033:Sri Lanka Deputy High Commission 15651: 15340:Madhavaram Mofussil Bus Terminus 12903:1928 South Indian Railway Strike 12702: 11956: 11855: 11809: 9994: 9948: 9136: 8110:Rural Society in Southeast India 7783:Newell, Herbert Andrews (1919). 7772:Mazumdar, Amvika Charan (1917). 7653:Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami 7349:. Chennai, India. Archived from 7310:. Chennai, India. Archived from 7130:. Chennai, India. Archived from 7120:S., Muthiah (17 December 2007). 7065: 7053: 7041: 7017: 6691:"University of Kerala Home page" 6650:. Chennai, India. Archived from 6434:The Hindu: Entertainment Chennai 6183:. Chennai, India. Archived from 5473: 5461: 5298: 4943:Rāmacandra Kshīrasāgara (1986). 4362:"A clarion call against the Raj" 4184:. Chennai, India. Archived from 4079:Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1968). 3571: 3549: 3530: 3514: 3495: 3480: 3468: 3076:was cut in 1806 at a cost of 90 2783:and was a lucrative profession. 2511:as well as vegetables including 2117:in 1799. The territories of the 1358: 1349: 915:were sent to negotiate with the 568:British rule in Portuguese India 411: 373: 348: 67: 53: 18717:1950 disestablishments in India 12531:Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics 8559:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. 8416: 7955: 7708: 7617:Wheeler, James Talboys (1996). 7606:Wheeler, James Talboys (1862). 7071: 6485:"Historical Events at a Glance" 6430:"Swept off its feet, literally" 6265:"Building a bank, the MCt. way" 4984: 4951: 4947:. Deep & Deep Publications. 4777: 4686:The Illustrated Weekly of India 4677: 4664:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 4624:. 16 April 1946. Archived from 4621:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4596: 4584: 4152: 3858: 3810: 3798: 3786: 2218:Native Cavalry – Four regiments 2174: 2029:Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams 1713: 1558:and served for eleven months. 1459:During the 1920s and 1930s, an 703:in the modern day. The city of 679:, including all of present-day 293:Madras becomes a state of India 16305: 16013:British Deputy High Commission 15972:Regional Meteorological Centre 15967:Chennai Mathematical Institute 15835:Alagappa College of Technology 15830:Madras Institute of Technology 15825:College of Engineering, Guindy 14838:Anantha Padmanabhaswami Temple 14051:Chennai Police Commissionerate 8906:(associated, in Yemen, Arabia) 8878:Straits Settlements Presidency 8789:Coins of the Madras Presidency 8766:. Asian Educational Services. 8465: 8426:Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997). 8285:Tamil Nadu: An Unfinished Task 8282: 8168:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) . 8016: 7983:. Cambridge University Press. 7976: 7922:. Discovery Publishing House. 7863:. Cambridge University Press. 7832: 7809:. Asian Educational Services. 7645:The Aristocracy of South India 7621:. Asian Educational Services. 5772: 5527: 5515: 5503: 5047: 4836: 4824: 4739: 4578: 4218: 4206: 4109:Tercentenary Madras Staff 1939 4051: 4039: 4027: 4015: 3804: 3659: 3199:Madras Institute of Technology 3190:College of Engineering, Guindy 3125:stationed in Madras city. The 2296: 2141:Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency 1640:Malabar region of North Kerala 1487:. He also participated in the 1289:moved the headquarters of the 1095:(1798–1805) also brought many 808:of 1917, Madras was the first 1: 18677:Presidencies of British India 16264:The Raintree Hotel Anna Salai 16259:Raintree Hotel St Mary's Road 15325:Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus 15056:Chennai International Airport 15036: 13422:Southern Railway headquarters 9089:Subdivisions of British India 8675: 8656: 8389:Matrilineal system in Malabar 8302:Mehrotra, Santosh K. (2006). 8301: 8192: 8148: 8071:. Adamant Media Corporation. 7835:The Statesman's Yearbook 1950 7771: 7672:How India Wrought for freedom 7568: 7432: 7420: 7408: 6885: 6843: 6298: 5992: 5980: 5968: 5956: 5941: 5926: 5911: 5896: 5884: 5867: 5855: 5825: 5813: 5741: 5726: 5709: 5651: 5636: 5621: 5609: 5597: 5582: 5551: 5136: 5124: 5032: 5015: 4872: 4771: 4754: 4242: 4230: 3697: 3675:. 4 June 2007. Archived from 3635: 3432:by the Gantz family in 1868. 2849:Buckingham and Carnatic Mills 1598:Madras province (South), 1909 1590:Madras province (North), 1909 661:Presidency of Fort St. George 515:Portuguese East India Company 202:Madras Provincial Legislature 88:The Madras Presidency in 1913 15871:National Institute of Siddha 15686:Cholamandal Artists' Village 15671:Alliance Française de Madras 14843:Anjaneya Temple, Nanganallur 14811: 14078:Tamil Nadu Electricity Board 13275:Arignar Anna Zoological Park 12938:2013 Anti-Sri Lanka protests 12933:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 12866:Modern period (1900–present) 9413:Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema 9084:Residencies of British India 8999:North-West Frontier Province 8725:W. S., Weerasooriya (1973). 8698:The Pearson CSAT Manual 2011 8619:. Indiana University Press. 8573: 8546:S. A., Govindarajan (1969). 8472:. University of California. 8425: 8387:P. V., Balakrishnan (1981). 8172:. Bangalore: Jupiter books. 8126: 7962:. Indiana University Press. 7898: 7858: 7854:. London: Oxford University. 7700:Christophers, S. R. (1927). 7477:. London: Harrison and Sons. 7248: 7236: 7224: 7212: 7200: 7107: 6897: 6757: 6742: 6730: 6574: 6514: 6403: 6376: 6319: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6069: 6057: 6045: 6004: 5539: 4063: 4003: 3865:Sohail, Sara (10 May 2019). 3640: 3489:M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar 3322:Malabar Marriage Act of 1896 3207:Government Teacher's College 3140: 3049:on the Indian mainland with 2802:4.48 crores; Stamp revenue, 2636:Trade, industry and commerce 2093:which was acquired in 1690. 2047:at the advice of his Diwan, 1803: 1581: 1341:Diarchy in Madras Presidency 1244:Indian Independence movement 1209:media. He also acted as the 1187:Government of India Act 1935 1183:Government of India Act 1919 997:History of Madras Presidency 893:Queen Elizabeth I of England 818:Indian independence movement 25:Presidency of Fort St George 7: 16583:Kaviarasu Kannadhasan Nagar 16151:Sundaram Medical Foundation 16101:Sir Ivan Stedeford Hospital 16061:Government General Hospital 15782:B S Abdur Rahman University 15415:Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium 14969:Church of Our Lady of Light 14858:Bodyguard Muniswaran Temple 14295:Madras Atomic Power Station 14104: 14036:Greater Chennai Corporation 13532:Administration and politics 12809:Colonial period (1500–1900) 12760: 12747: 9473:Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore 8967:Central Provinces and Berar 8920:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 8720:. University of California. 8694: 8634:Smith, Bardwell L. (1976). 8466:Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1997). 8367: 8339: 8167: 7903:. Oxford University Press. 7884:. Pearson Education India. 7837:. London: Macmillan and Co. 7782: 7605: 7521: 7380:"The innovative film-maker" 6677: 6537:. Air India. Archived from 4896: 4783: 4568:. University of California. 4564:Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1997). 4490: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4427: 4415: 4403: 3991: 3979: 3828: 3816: 3583: 3560:gentleman belonging to the 3409:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 2958:Transport and communication 2603:was constructed across the 2342: 2330: 2196:Richard Raworth's Rebellion 1854: 1524:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1513:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1454:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1268:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 1028:Parliament of Great Britain 744:Central Provinces and Berar 232:Madras Legislative Assembly 10: 18733: 17269:Kakkalur Industrial Estate 16229:Park Sheraton & Towers 16131:Government Dental Hospital 15787:Tamil Nadu Open University 15762:Indian Maritime University 15757:Dr Ambedkar Law University 14948:Varasiddhi Vinayaka temple 14918:Mundaka Kanni Amman Temple 13306:Nanmangalam Reserve Forest 13208:Thervoy Kandigai reservoir 12120:Maritime history of Odisha 9074:Divisions of British India 9069:Districts of British India 8825:Presidencies and provinces 8738:. Young Asia Publications. 8733: 8661:. Transaction Publishers. 8633: 8614: 8428:Economic History of Orissa 8252: 8104: 8044: 7997: 7877: 7823: 7791: 7702:The Indian Empire Souvenir 7501:Madras District Gazetteers 7442: 7164: 7083: 7059: 6715: 6123: 5694: 5467: 4908: 4884: 4703: 4646: 3615:Advocate-General of Madras 2991:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2855:. Arbuthnot, owned by the 2810:1.61 crores; other taxes, 2798:14.68 crores; Income tax, 2490:Agriculture and irrigation 2316: 2313:" in the Madras Presidency 2186: 2066: 1909:. Among the Brahmins, the 1807: 1717: 1574:in after the enactment of 1566:Prakasam was succeeded by 1398:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 1338: 1247: 1157: 1068: 1040:Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle 994: 899:which became known as the 827: 806:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 216:Madras Legislative Council 18687:History of Andhra Pradesh 18672:Historical Indian regions 18582: 17978: 17717: 17106: 16315: 16311: 16300: 16159: 16116:Voluntary Health Services 16086:Perambur railway hospital 16051: 15994: 15944: 15936:Women's Christian College 15879: 15843: 15810: 15752:Dr MGR Medical University 15734: 15661: 15657: 15646: 15630:Madras Presidency Matches 15612: 15582: 15566: 15550: 15534: 15513: 15492: 15471: 15455: 15448: 15425:Mudaliarkuppam boat house 15405:M. A. Chidambaram Stadium 15387: 15383: 15375: 15370: 15317: 15252: 15182: 15175: 15140: 15102: 15095: 15087:Royapuram fishing harbour 15064: 15048: 15044: 15031: 15002: 14956: 14943:Vadapalani Andavar Temple 14898:Kundrathur Murugan Temple 14868:Devi Karumariamman Temple 14823: 14819: 14806: 14772: 14694: 14653: 14602: 14566: 14508: 14475: 14429: 14425: 14412: 14373: 14215: 14184: 14116: 14112: 14099: 14028: 13861: 13823: 13816: 13794: 13716: 13643: 13580: 13573: 13542: 13538: 13525: 13471: 13445: 13412:Royapuram railway station 13362:Bharat Insurance Building 13345: 13319: 13298: 13267: 13241: 13083: 13047: 13024:Chennai Metropolitan Area 13016: 13012: 12995: 12951: 12865: 12808: 12772: 12768: 12755: 12699: 12599: 12511: 12378: 12313: 12252: 12191: 12176: 12128: 12025: 11965: 11954: 11883: 11871: 11806: 11746: 11506: 11340: 11069: 11062: 10699: 10656: 10258: 10191: 10108: 10025: 10010: 9945: 9909: 9806: 9753: 9722: 9539: 9516: 9373: 9345: 9254: 9166: 9154: 9052:Agencies of British India 9047: 8945:Bihar and Orissa Province 8894: 8844: 8835: 8724: 8595: 8545: 8491:. London: Jonathan Cape. 8486: 8386: 8320: 8025: 7936: 7833:S. H., Steinberg (1950). 7795:Indian Students Geography 7775:Indian National Evolution 7755:. Adam and Charles Black. 7719: 7506:Raghavaiyangar, Srinivasa 7341:"Stickler for discipline" 7176: 7095: 6909: 6819: 6454:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6336: 6236: 6206:Tercentenary Madras Staff 4602: 4502: 4386:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4093: 3967: 3955: 3867:"The Etymology of Madras" 3390:Madras Presidency Matches 3016:A backwater and canal in 2559:, peaches, betel pepper, 2145:Ganjam Hill Tracts Agency 2119:Thanjavur Maratha kingdom 2049:Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Ayyar 2045:Temple Entry Proclamation 1788: 1751:— 1499:Last days of British rule 1093:Governor-General of India 1032:Governor-General of India 930:on the west coast and at 812:to implement a system of 711:was the summer capital. 389: 327: 317: 310: 306: 289: 276: 262: 252: 248: 238: 222: 206: 198: 194: 182: 172:• 1920–1921 (first) 170: 166: 156: 152: 140: 130:• 1785–1786 (first) 128: 124: 114: 93: 81: 49: 44: 23: 16733:Old Erumai Vetti Palayam 16728:New Erumai Vetti Palayam 16254:Radisson Blu City Centre 15896:Madras Christian College 15706:Tamil Nadu Police Museum 15691:Connemara Public Library 15400:Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 15335:Kilambakkam bus terminus 15127:Chennai Suburban Railway 14928:Prathyangira Devi Temple 14833:Adikesava Perumal Temple 13489:M.G.R. and Amma Memorial 12928:R. S. S. Chennai bombing 12826:Agency of Fort St George 12773:Early history (pre-1500) 10035:Thiruvananthapuram KL-01 8982:Eastern Bengal and Assam 8525:Roy, Tirthankar (2012). 8524: 8505: 8444: 8217:Caste in Indian Politics 8112:. Cambridge University. 8085: 7977:Chaudhuri, K.N. (2006). 7761:Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa 7740:Finnemore, John (1917). 7712:A Short history of Lanka 7591:. Government of Madras. 7554:. Government of Odisha. 7514:. Government of Madras. 7152: 6224: 5479: 3792: 3226:Madras Christian College 3168:C. W. Thamotharam Pillai 3057:was inaugurated between 3055:Nilgiri Mountain Railway 2987:Nilgiri Mountain Railway 2271:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2259:wars against Tipu Sultan 1692:Jayashankar Bhupalapalli 1614:excluding the region of 1568:O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar 1509:Indian National Congress 1276:Indian National Congress 1230:Indian famine of 1896–97 1179:Indian Councils Act 1909 1175:Indian Councils Act 1892 1171:Indian Councils Act 1861 1154:British Rule (1858–1947) 659:, officially called the 184:• 1949–1950 (last) 142:• 1948–1950 (last) 16653:Mahakavi Bharathi Nagar 15861:Kilpauk Medical College 15856:Stanley Medical College 15410:Madras Motor Race Track 15269:Chennai Airport Flyover 14984:St. Patrick's Cathedral 14790:Royal Madras Yacht Club 14442:Broadcasting in Chennai 14437:Architecture of Chennai 13311:Vandalur Reserve Forest 12979:A. R. Venkatachalapathy 12943:2015 South India floods 12566:Kotpad Handloom fabrics 12546:Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics 12163:Deomali (Highest point) 12105:Orissa Tributary States 12045:Mahameghavahana dynasty 12017:Human Rights Commission 9856:Western Chalukya Empire 9057:British Empire in India 9004:North-Western Provinces 8762:Wright, Arnold (1999). 8676:Thoraval, Yves (2000). 8659:India: social structure 8531:. Penguin Books India. 8445:Rai, Raghunath (2011). 8396:P., Kandaswamy (2001). 8340:Mollin, Sandra (2006). 8268:. Mittal Publications. 8193:Kasbekar, Asha (2006). 8021:. University of Madras. 7998:D. Craik, Alex (2007). 7859:Aggarwal, Bina (1994). 7692:Encyclopædia Britannica 7578:. Cambridge University. 7468:. Government of Madras. 7464:C. D., MaClean (1877). 7449:Government publications 6251: 4590: 3355:Kandukuri Veeresalingam 3172:Sir S. Subramaniya Iyer 2547:, cashew nuts, mangos, 2283:Third Anglo-Burmese War 2203:Joseph François Dupleix 1955:Krishna temple at Udupi 1423:motion of no-confidence 1226:Great Famine of 1876–78 1140:Krishnaraja Wodeyar III 730:in the center, and the 16638:Madhavaram Milk Colony 16136:Hindu Mission Hospital 16126:Tambaram TB Sanatorium 16111:Madras Medical Mission 16043:South Korean Consulate 15851:Madras Medical College 15772:VIT University Chennai 15676:Anna Centenary Library 15015:Thousand Lights Mosque 14979:St. George's Cathedral 14938:Shirdi Sai Baba Temple 14419:Culture and recreation 14345:The New Indian Express 14290:Integral Coach Factory 14270:Heavy Vehicles Factory 14061:Greater Chennai Police 13437:Anna Nagar twin arches 13372:Chennai Central Prison 12952:Writers and historians 12898:Neil Statue Satyagraha 10764:Chittur-Thathamangalam 10658:Municipal corporations 9014:Panth-Piploda Province 8743:David, Omissi (1998). 8615:Sinha, Aseema (2005). 8555:S. R., Bakshi (1991). 8487:Read, Anthony (1997). 8391:. Satyavani Prakashan. 8346:. Gunter Narr Verlag. 8323:Miscellaneous Writings 8283:M., Thangaraj (2003). 8253:Kumar, Dharma (1965). 8017:D., Sadasivan (1974). 7824:Price, Thomas (1837). 3203:Madras Medical College 3152:Alexander J. Arbuthnot 3118:Sir Archibald Campbell 3021: 3009: 2993: 2967: 2863:with funds donated by 2806:4.38 crores; forests, 2688: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2648: 2608: 2499: 2314: 2230: 2184: 2103:Treaty of Seringapatam 1959:Padmanabhaswamy temple 1943:Meenakshi Amman temple 1887: 1875: 1819: 1706:and summer capital at 1670:districts of southern 1599: 1591: 1519: 1411:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar 1377:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy 1262: 1234:Chingleput Ryots' Case 1195:C. V. Runganada Sastri 1042:of the previous year. 728:Kingdom of Pudukkottai 726:to the southwest, the 718:to the northwest, the 189:P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja 177:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar 16378:Assisi Nagar, Chennai 16141:Fortis Malar Hospital 15921:Stella Mary's (Women) 15916:Pachaiyappa's College 15716:KM Music Conservatory 15484:Chepauk Super Gillies 15234:Poonamallee High Road 14913:Marundeeswarar Temple 14888:Kamakshi Amman Temple 14878:ISKCON Temple Chennai 14873:Ekambareswarar Temple 14739:Gold Souk Grande Mall 14671:VGP Universal Kingdom 14523:Dr. Annie Besant Park 14518:Anna Nagar Tower Park 14320:Reserve Bank of India 14315:North Chennai Thermal 14305:Madras Stock Exchange 14300:Madras Rubber Factory 13499:Rajiv Gandhi Memorial 13290:Madras Crocodile Bank 13228:Vilinjiyambakkam Lake 12923:Anti-Hindi agitations 12816:São Tomé de Meliapore 12090:Eastern Ganga dynasty 10839:Kothamangalam, Kerala 9896:Sultanate of Golconda 9876:Eastern Ganga dynasty 9836:Vishnukundina dynasty 9383:Alluri Sitharama Raju 9063:British rule in Burma 8734:Walch, James (1976). 8729:. Tisara Prakasakayo. 8506:Roy, Kalpana (2002). 8368:O.P., Ralhan (2002). 8049:. Popular Prakashan. 8045:Desai, A. R. (2005). 8026:Deol, Harnik (2000). 7792:Pirie, A. H. (1883). 7720:Dodd, George (1859). 7715:. Macmillan & Co. 7643:A., Vadivelu (1903). 7302:"Reel-time nostalgia" 6175:"The birth of a bank" 3590:History of Tamil Nadu 3428:, established as the 3252:Madras University Act 3218:Pachaiyappa's College 3043:Pamban railway bridge 3015: 3004:, which connects the 3002:Pamban railway bridge 2999: 2984: 2965: 2827:Madras Stock Exchange 2794:8.53 crores; Excise, 2686: 2674: 2662: 2654: 2643: 2619:district were tanks. 2598: 2497: 2470:lands which produced 2304: 2228: 2182: 2131:Trichinopoly district 1935:Brihadeeswarar temple 1881: 1862: 1817: 1725:Historical population 1597: 1589: 1576:Constitution of India 1529:Anti-Hindi agitations 1518:as its Chief Minister 1516:(pictured at a rally) 1506: 1469:Self-Respect Movement 1384:Self-Respect Movement 1272:Madras Mahajana Sabha 1257: 1142:(1799–1868) in 1881. 1071:Company rule in India 1002:Expansion (1684–1801) 891:On 31 December 1600, 753:In 1639, the English 588:British rule in Burma 558:Company rule in India 18697:History of Karnataka 17910:Raja Annamalai Puram 16038:Royal Thai Consulate 15931:MOP Vaishnav (Women) 15906:Queen Mary's (Women) 15802:Hindustan University 15747:University of Madras 15721:Madras Music Academy 15625:M. J. Gopalan Trophy 15435:Rajarathinam Stadium 15430:Muttukadu boat house 15299:Maduravoyal Junction 15279:Irumbuliyur Junction 14923:Parthasarathy Temple 14893:Kapaleeswarar Temple 14285:Indian Overseas Bank 14250:Chennai Trade Centre 13986:Thiru. Vi. Ka. Nagar 13718:Kanchipuram district 13560:Kanchipuram District 13504:Victory War Memorial 13453:Marina Beach Statues 13432:Victoria Public Hall 13337:Pallikaranai Wetland 13285:Guindy National Park 13108:Chembarambakkam Lake 13070:Kosasthalaiyar River 12969:S. Theodore Baskaran 12878:Besant v. Narayaniah 12873:Arbuthnot Bank Crash 12581:Pipili appliqué work 12561:Konark stone carving 12070:Shailodbhava dynasty 11985:Legislative Assembly 10045:Pathanamthitta KL-03 9793:Wildlife sanctuaries 9463:Parvathipuram Manyam 9305:Rose-ringed parakeet 8430:. Indus Publishing. 8219:. Orient Blackswan. 8153:. California Press. 8128:Hibbert, Christopher 8090:. Psychology Press. 8065:Dutt, Romesh Chunder 7828:. Oxford University. 7726:. W. U. R. Chambers. 7661:. Oxford University. 7264:(26 November 2004). 3605:Madras States Agency 3558:Mangalorean Catholic 3441:R. Nataraja Mudaliar 3230:St. Aloysius College 3222:Annamalai University 3164:University of London 3160:University of Madras 2948:Indian Overseas Bank 2924:Catholic Syrian Bank 2865:Nattukottai Chetties 2754:and the kingdoms of 2607:for power generation 2309:who introduced the " 2113:districts after the 1696:Bhadradri Kothagudem 1618:Princely State, the 1578:on 26 January 1950. 1291:Theosophical Society 1287:Colonel H. S. Olcott 1215:V. Bhashyam Aiyangar 1085:subsidiary alliances 958:presidency of Bantam 578:British Raj in India 319:• 1941 estimate 18639: / 18471:Tambaram Sanatorium 16948:Theerthakariampattu 16239:Accord Metropolitan 16199:The Leela Kempinski 16096:Egmore Eye Hospital 16071:Royapettah Hospital 16018:Malaysian Consulate 15479:Chennai Super Kings 15440:SDAT Tennis Stadium 15420:MRF Pace Foundation 15304:Moolakadai Junction 15294:Madhavaram Junction 15082:Kattupalli Shipyard 14863:Dandeeswarar Temple 14744:Phoenix Market City 14724:Chennai Citi Centre 14635:Madras Music Season 14056:General Post Office 13645:Tiruvallur district 13555:Tiruvallur District 13494:Madras War Cemetery 13397:Port Trust Building 13392:Police headquarters 12913:1943 Chennai floods 12831:1721 Madras cyclone 12821:Raja of Chandragiri 12536:Ganjam Kewda Flower 12075:Bhauma-Kara dynasty 11906:Bande Utkala Janani 9901:Vijayanagara Empire 9831:Salankayana dynasty 9265:Maa Telugu Thalliki 8680:. Macmillan India. 8596:Seal, Anil (1971). 8579:Madras Rediscovered 8451:. FK Publications. 8417:Paramanand (1985). 7918:B., Anitha (1998). 7843:Some Madras Leaders 7752:The Armies of India 7378:(30 January 2006). 7266:"A milestone movie" 6801:on 25 November 2012 6541:on 19 November 2008 6535:"History 1932–1940" 4730:, Volume 16, p. 256 4280:"Congress Sessions" 3700:, pp. 138–142. 3509:'s house, c.a. 1909 3405:The Madras Crescent 3267:Culture and society 3209:was established at 2829:was established in 2095:Chingleput district 1864:Vaishnavite Brahmin 1810:Dravidian languages 1726: 1644:Lakshadweep Islands 1540:Quit India movement 909:Sir William Hawkins 897:joint-stock company 663:until 1937, was an 18682:History of Chennai 16388:Athipattu New Town 16106:Sankara Nethralaya 16008:American Consulate 15901:Presidency College 15726:Schools in Chennai 15558:V Chennai Warriors 15463:Chennai Superstarz 15395:Guindy Race Course 15289:Koyambedu Junction 15284:Kathipara Junction 15239:Rajiv Gandhi Salai 14933:Ravishwarar Temple 14853:Ashtalakshmi Kovil 14704:Abhirami Mega Mall 14589:Mayajaal Multiplex 14467:Tourism in Chennai 14350:TI Cycles of India 14240:Blue Dart Aviation 14207:World Trade Center 14161:Ranganathan Street 13509:Vivekanandar Illam 13280:Chennai Snake Park 13153:Maduranthakam Lake 12888:de La Haye scandal 12800:Vijayanagar Empire 12785:Thomas the Apostle 12168:Abdul Kalam Island 12085:Somavamshi dynasty 12065:Pitrbhakta dynasty 11748:Historical regions 10666:Thiruvananthapuram 10598:Thiruvananthapuram 10018:Thiruvananthapuram 9861:Rashtrakuta Empire 9816:Satavahana dynasty 9329:Banginapalli Mango 8887:(Surat Presidency) 8885:Western Presidency 8548:G. Subramania Iyer 8238:. Routledge (UK). 8236:A History of India 8134:. Harper Collins. 7941:. Berghahn Books. 7637:Other publications 7545:Tara Dutt (2015). 7516:madras presidency. 7488:. Clarendon Press. 7353:on 3 November 2012 7314:on 9 November 2012 7134:on 9 November 2012 7108:Anantha Raman 2005 6795:"About University" 6654:on 9 November 2012 6187:on 9 November 2012 6173:(6 October 2006). 6024:on 2 December 2013 5293:Major MacMunn 1911 5281:Major MacMunn 1911 5269:Major MacMunn 1911 5257:Major MacMunn 1911 5245:Major MacMunn 1911 5233:Major MacMunn 1911 5221:Major MacMunn 1911 5209:Major MacMunn 1911 5197:Major MacMunn 1911 4628:on 9 February 2013 4188:on 7 November 2012 3420:G. Subramania Iyer 3345:T. Muthuswamy Iyer 3156:Presidency College 3022: 3010: 2994: 2968: 2734:American Civil War 2689: 2681: 2669: 2657: 2649: 2609: 2500: 2315: 2247:conquest of Manila 2243:Governor of Madras 2231: 2185: 2080:Commander-in-chief 2037:C. Rajagopalachari 1888: 1876: 1820: 1724: 1600: 1592: 1552:Tanguturi Prakasam 1520: 1495:to enter temples. 1436:P. Munuswamy Naidu 1382:, who founded the 1370:C. Natesa Mudaliar 1325:V. Kalyanasundaram 1301:, who founded the 1263: 1199:T. Muthuswamy Iyer 901:East India Company 866:Vijayanagar Empire 791:District Collector 755:East India Company 720:Kingdoms of Cochin 608:Partition of India 280:Province of Madras 278:• Renamed as 147:Krishna Bhavsinhji 33:Province of Madras 18707:History of Odisha 18667:Madras Presidency 18622: 18621: 18578: 18577: 18574: 18573: 18061:Guindy TVK Estate 17038:Vellivoyalchavadi 16973:Thiru Vi Ka Nagar 16296: 16295: 16292: 16291: 16179:Le Royal Meridien 16023:Russian Consulate 15990: 15989: 15701:Government Museum 15681:Birla Planetarium 15642: 15641: 15638: 15637: 15608: 15607: 15521:Chennai City F.C. 15366: 15365: 15362: 15361: 15358: 15357: 15244:Sardar Patel Road 15214:China Bazaar Road 15171: 15170: 15117:Chennai Metrolite 15027: 15026: 15023: 15022: 14994:St. Mary's Church 14989:Santhome Basilica 14974:St. Andrew's Kirk 14903:Kalikambal Temple 14883:Kalikambal Temple 14802: 14801: 14798: 14797: 14764:Forum Vijaya Mall 14610:Chennai Book Fair 14558:Tholkappia Poonga 14408: 14407: 14404: 14403: 14365:World Bank office 14095: 14094: 14091: 14090: 14066:Madras High Court 14024: 14023: 13812: 13811: 13521: 13520: 13517: 13516: 13463:Triumph of Labour 13249:Kattupalli Island 13213:Tiruninravur Lake 13173:Paruthipattu Lake 13118:Chitlapakkam Lake 13103:Ayanambakkam Lake 12991: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12852:Anglo-Mysore Wars 12715: 12714: 12541:Ganjam Kewda Rooh 12374: 12373: 11822: 11821: 11798:Travancore–Cochin 11742: 11741: 9961: 9960: 9851:Eastern Chalukyas 9102: 9101: 8962:Central Provinces 8867:Madras Presidency 8862:Bombay Presidency 8857:Bengal Presidency 8708:978-81-317-5830-4 8440:. SBN 8173870756. 8437:978-81-7387-075-0 8353:978-3-8233-6250-0 8160:978-0-520-23087-3 8119:978-0-521-04019-8 8037:978-0-415-20108-7 8012:. SBN 1846287901. 8009:978-1-84628-790-9 7583:Thurston, Edgar; 7561:978-81-86772-17-1 7339:(8 August 2008). 6770:Christophers 1927 6416:Christophers 1927 3630:Bombay Presidency 3625:Bengal Presidency 3620:Sheriff of Madras 3595:History of Kerala 3566:caste, c. a. 1938 3487:Tamil film actor 3315:Indian Penal Code 3260:Madras University 3194:Civil Engineering 3179:Andhra University 3148:Lord Ellenborough 2932:Bank of Chettinad 2779:harvested by the 2136:Bombay Presidency 2115:Fourth Mysore War 2041:Chithira Thirunal 2021:Hindu communities 1797: 1796: 1690:and the parts of 1562:Post Independence 1544:Dravidar Kazhagam 1489:Vaikom Satyagraha 1415:P. Ramarayaningar 1409:, came to power. 1335:Dyarchy (1920–37) 1238:Salem riots trial 1203:Madras High Court 1191:V. Sadagopacharlu 1136:Chamaraja Wodeyar 1132:Kingdom of Mysore 924:trading factories 837:The discovery of 810:province of India 736:Bombay Presidency 716:Kingdom of Mysore 673:Dominion of India 653:Madras Presidency 649: 648: 616: 615: 523: 522: 480: 479: 399: 398: 385: 384: 381: 380: 361: 360: 110: 18724: 18654: 18653: 18651: 18650: 18649: 18644: 18640: 18637: 18636: 18635: 18632: 18612: 18611: 18604:India portal 18602: 18601: 18600: 18590: 18589: 18461:St. Thomas Mount 18441:Singaperumalkoil 18206:Maraimalai Nagar 17805:Kothawal Chavadi 17770:Foreshore Estate 17704:Vilinjiyambakkam 17639:Thirumullaivoyal 16958:Thervoy Kandigai 16933:Thadaperumbakkam 16783:Periyamullavoyal 16528:Kanniammanpettai 16313: 16312: 16302: 16301: 16274:Residency Towers 16219:Fisherman's Cove 16091:Apollo Hospitals 16076:Stanley Hospital 16028:German Consulate 15732: 15731: 15659: 15658: 15648: 15647: 15590:Chennai Spartans 15500:Chennai Cheetahs 15453: 15452: 15385: 15384: 15372: 15371: 15274:Chrompet Flyover 15254:Grade separators 15180: 15179: 15132:Southern Railway 15100: 15099: 15046: 15045: 15033: 15032: 15010:Mahabodhi Centre 14821: 14820: 14808: 14807: 14785:Madras Boat Club 14729:Coromandel Plaza 14661:MGM Dizzee World 14620:Chennai Sangamam 14553:Secretariat Park 14427: 14426: 14414: 14413: 14235:Basin Bridge Gas 14131:Kothawal Chavadi 14114: 14113: 14101: 14100: 13821: 13820: 13796:Vellore District 13582:Chennai District 13578: 13577: 13565:Vellore District 13550:Chennai District 13540: 13539: 13527: 13526: 13268:Zoological parks 13233:Villivakkam lake 13143:Madambakkam Lake 13060:Buckingham Canal 13014: 13013: 12997: 12996: 12770: 12769: 12757: 12756: 12742: 12735: 12728: 12719: 12718: 12709:India portal 12707: 12706: 12705: 12189: 12188: 11960: 11948:Mahanadi mahseer 11897:Emblem of Odisha 11859: 11849: 11842: 11835: 11826: 11825: 11816:India portal 11814: 11813: 11812: 11729:Thalayolaparambu 11488:Sreekrishnapuram 11423:Sreemoolanagaram 11067: 11066: 10080:Malappuram KL-10 9998: 9988: 9981: 9974: 9965: 9964: 9955:India portal 9953: 9952: 9951: 9886:Musunuri Nayakas 9866:Kakatiya dynasty 9841:Chalukya dynasty 9141: 9140: 9139: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9106: 9105: 9039:United Provinces 8818: 8811: 8804: 8795: 8794: 8777: 8758: 8739: 8730: 8721: 8712: 8691: 8678:Cinemas of India 8672: 8653: 8641: 8630: 8611: 8592: 8570: 8551: 8542: 8521: 8502: 8483: 8462: 8441: 8422: 8413: 8392: 8383: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8336: 8317: 8298: 8279: 8260: 8249: 8230: 8208: 8189: 8164: 8145: 8123: 8101: 8082: 8060: 8041: 8022: 8013: 7994: 7973: 7952: 7933: 7914: 7895: 7874: 7855: 7846: 7838: 7829: 7820: 7799: 7788: 7779: 7768: 7756: 7745: 7736: 7727: 7716: 7705: 7696: 7688: 7676: 7662: 7648: 7647:. Vest & Co. 7632: 7613: 7602: 7579: 7565: 7553: 7541: 7532: 7518: 7498: 7489: 7478: 7469: 7460: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7390:on 18 March 2012 7386:. Archived from 7372: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7333: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7297: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7276:on 18 March 2012 7272:. Archived from 7258: 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6940: 6934: 6925: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6874: 6868: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6844:K. Mehrotra 2006 6841: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6728: 6719: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6637: 6622: 6616: 6607: 6601: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6531: 6518: 6512: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6491:on 15 April 2012 6481: 6475: 6469: 6460: 6459: 6453: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6355: 6349: 6340: 6334: 6323: 6317: 6302: 6296: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6209: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6167: 6154: 6148: 6142: 6136: 6127: 6121: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5945: 5939: 5930: 5924: 5915: 5909: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5844: 5838: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5776: 5770: 5745: 5739: 5730: 5724: 5713: 5707: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5655: 5649: 5640: 5634: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5074: 5068: 5051: 5045: 5036: 5030: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5006: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4758: 4752: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4561: 4550: 4549: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4392: 4391: 4385: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4126: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4076: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3575: 3553: 3544:caste, c.a. 1909 3534: 3523:Tirupparankunram 3518: 3499: 3484: 3472: 3412:newspapers were 3074:Buckingham canal 2920:Karur Vysya Bank 2912:Corporation Bank 2882:, Masulipatnam, 2857:Arbuthnot family 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2629:Hogenakkal Falls 2613:irrigation tanks 2601:Mullaperiyar Dam 2473: 2465: 2433:Sir Thomas Munro 2357:Tanjore district 2345: 2333: 2307:Sir Thomas Munro 2275:Siege of Lucknow 2075:Pitt's India Act 1978:, an apostle of 1740: 1735: 1727: 1723: 1680:Dakshina Kannada 1362: 1353: 1303:Home Rule League 1219:Advocate-General 982:Thomas Greenhill 980:(1644–1648) and 966:Coromandel Coast 787:Second World War 779:Governor-General 775:Pitt's India Act 683:, almost all of 641: 634: 627: 544: 543: 537: 536: 501: 500: 494: 493: 487:Portuguese India 428: 427: 417:Map of colonial 415: 401: 400: 377: 376: 365: 364: 352: 351: 345: 344: 329: 328: 135:George McCartney 104: 86: 71: 57: 39: 38: 31: 30: 21: 20: 18732: 18731: 18727: 18726: 18725: 18723: 18722: 18721: 18702:Colonial Kerala 18657: 18656: 18647: 18645: 18643:13.08°N 80.27°E 18641: 18638: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18626: 18625: 18623: 18618: 18598: 18596: 18570: 18491:Thirumudivakkam 18416:Rathinamangalam 18366:Perumathunallur 18351:Pazhanthandalam 17974: 17740:Chennai Central 17713: 17684:Velappanchavadi 17599:Sunguvarchatram 17524:Poochi Athipedu 17514:Periyapanicheri 17239:Irungattukottai 17209:Chembarambakkam 17149:Anna Nagar West 17119:Alwarthirunagar 17102: 17063:Vilangadupakkam 17033:Vazhuthigaimedu 17008:Vadaperumbakkam 16968:Thiruvellavoyal 16683:Mettu Thandalam 16663:Manali New Town 16403:Avurikollaimedu 16307: 16288: 16284:Kohinoor Asiana 16204:ITC Grand Chola 16155: 16047: 16001: 15998: 15986: 15940: 15884: 15882: 15875: 15839: 15813: 15806: 15797:Vels University 15742:Anna University 15730: 15653: 15634: 15604: 15595:Chennai Spikers 15578: 15562: 15546: 15542:Tamil Thalaivas 15530: 15509: 15505:Chennai Veerans 15488: 15467: 15444: 15379: 15354: 15313: 15257: 15255: 15248: 15229:Outer Ring Road 15224:Inner Ring Road 15219:East Coast Road 15187: 15185: 15167: 15148:Chennai Central 15136: 15105: 15091: 15060: 15040: 15019: 14998: 14964:Armenian Church 14952: 14848:Ayyappan Temple 14815: 14794: 14768: 14690: 14649: 14603:Periodic events 14598: 14562: 14504: 14478: 14471: 14421: 14400: 14369: 14310:Murugappa Group 14245:Chettinad Group 14217: 14211: 14180: 14118: 14108: 14087: 14020: 13996:Thousand Lights 13857: 13833:Chennai Central 13808: 13790: 13756:Tirukalukundram 13712: 13639: 13569: 13534: 13513: 13484:Gandhi Mandapam 13467: 13441: 13427:Valluvar Kottam 13348: 13341: 13315: 13299:Reserve Forests 13294: 13263: 13237: 13168:Pallavaram Lake 13148:Madhavaram Lake 13123:Cholavaram aeri 13093:Adambakkam Lake 13079: 13043: 13029:Central Chennai 13008: 12983: 12947: 12861: 12804: 12790:Pallava Dynasty 12764: 12751: 12746: 12716: 12711: 12703: 12701: 12695: 12595: 12591:Sambalpuri sari 12586:Odisha Rasagola 12521:Berhampur Patta 12507: 12370: 12309: 12248: 12182: 12180: 12172: 12138:Flora and Fauna 12124: 12110:Utkal Sammilani 12095:Gajapati Empire 12060:Mathara dynasty 12050:Murunda dynasty 12021: 11980:Chief ministers 11961: 11952: 11879: 11867: 11853: 11823: 11818: 11810: 11808: 11802: 11788:Venad (kingdom) 11738: 11502: 11336: 11202:Kottappadi Part 11058: 10695: 10652: 10254: 10210:Indian elephant 10187: 10104: 10100:Kasaragod KL-14 10085:Kozhikode KL-11 10065:Ernakulam KL-07 10050:Alappuzha KL-04 10021: 10006: 9992: 9962: 9957: 9949: 9947: 9941: 9905: 9881:Gajapati Empire 9871:Velanati Chodas 9846:Pallava dynasty 9821:Andhra Ikshvaku 9802: 9749: 9718: 9535: 9512: 9369: 9341: 9313:Great Snakehead 9250: 9162: 9150: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9103: 9098: 9043: 9019:Punjab Province 9009:Orissa Province 8994:Nagpur Province 8935:Bengal Province 8890: 8852:Agra Presidency 8840: 8831: 8822: 8785: 8780: 8774: 8755: 8709: 8688: 8669: 8650: 8627: 8608: 8600:. CUP Archive. 8589: 8567: 8539: 8518: 8499: 8480: 8459: 8438: 8410: 8380: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8333: 8314: 8295: 8276: 8246: 8227: 8205: 8161: 8142: 8120: 8106:Gough, Kathleen 8098: 8079: 8057: 8038: 8010: 7991: 7970: 7949: 7930: 7911: 7892: 7871: 7817: 7629: 7599: 7570:Thurston, Edgar 7562: 7551: 7540:. Oxford Press. 7523:Slater, Gilbert 7445: 7440: 7439: 7431: 7427: 7419: 7415: 7407: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7373: 7366: 7356: 7354: 7334: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7298: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7259: 7255: 7247: 7243: 7235: 7231: 7223: 7219: 7211: 7207: 7199: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7175: 7171: 7163: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7137: 7135: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7102: 7094: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7072:Chatterjee 2006 7070: 7066: 7058: 7054: 7046: 7042: 7034: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7010: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6962: 6958: 6950: 6943: 6935: 6928: 6920: 6916: 6908: 6904: 6896: 6892: 6884: 6877: 6869: 6862: 6854: 6850: 6842: 6838: 6830: 6826: 6818: 6814: 6804: 6802: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6768: 6764: 6756: 6749: 6741: 6737: 6729: 6722: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6697:on 11 June 2010 6689: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6638: 6625: 6617: 6610: 6602: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6573: 6566: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6533: 6532: 6521: 6513: 6504: 6494: 6492: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6463: 6447: 6446: 6439: 6437: 6426: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6402: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6375: 6358: 6350: 6343: 6335: 6326: 6318: 6305: 6297: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6250: 6243: 6235: 6231: 6223: 6212: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6168: 6157: 6149: 6145: 6137: 6130: 6122: 6115: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6083: 6076: 6068: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6044: 6037: 6027: 6025: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5991: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5948: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5918: 5910: 5903: 5895: 5891: 5883: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5854: 5847: 5839: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5779: 5771: 5748: 5740: 5733: 5725: 5716: 5708: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5658: 5650: 5643: 5635: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5596: 5589: 5581: 5577: 5569: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5538: 5534: 5526: 5522: 5514: 5510: 5502: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5423: 5415: 5411: 5403: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5372: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5320: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5291: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5267: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5207: 5203: 5195: 5191: 5183: 5179: 5171: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5111: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5084: 5077: 5069: 5054: 5046: 5039: 5031: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4989: 4985: 4975: 4973: 4956: 4952: 4941: 4937: 4922:"Right to pray" 4920: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4847: 4843: 4835: 4831: 4823: 4814: 4806: 4802: 4794: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4761: 4753: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4562: 4553: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4402: 4395: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4369: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4345: 4343: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4286:on 25 June 2008 4278: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4077: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3966: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3708: 3704: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3679:on 7 April 2014 3665: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3586: 3579: 3576: 3567: 3554: 3545: 3535: 3526: 3519: 3510: 3500: 3491: 3485: 3476: 3473: 3445:Keechaka Vadham 3437:All India Radio 3418:established by 3275:marumakkathayam 3269: 3143: 3114:Edward Harrison 3095:Nevill Vintcent 3091:Royal Air Force 3086:St Thomas Mount 3039:Chennai Central 2960: 2900:City Union Bank 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2722:Quilon (Coulão) 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2638: 2521:ladies' fingers 2492: 2471: 2463: 2419:Lord Cornwallis 2321: 2311:Ryotwari System 2299: 2191: 2177: 2071: 2065: 2025:Raja of Bobbili 2013:Raja of Panagal 1857: 1812: 1806: 1722: 1716: 1584: 1564: 1533:Sir Arthur Hope 1501: 1465:E. V. Ramaswamy 1446:Raja of Bobbili 1407:Mylapore clique 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1355: 1354: 1343: 1337: 1283:Madam Blavatsky 1252: 1246: 1162: 1156: 1097:princely states 1073: 1067: 1059:Carnatic region 1055:Carnatic Treaty 1024:Carnatic region 1004: 999: 974: 889: 858:Pallava dynasty 835: 830: 657:Madras Province 645: 598:Princely states 538: 534: 533: 532: 495: 491: 490: 489: 422: 374: 349: 320: 299: 297:State of Madras 295:and renamed as 282: 269: 255: 243:New Imperialism 228: 212: 185: 173: 143: 131: 100: 89: 77: 76: 75: 72: 64: 63: 58: 40: 36: 35: 34: 32: 28: 27: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18730: 18720: 18719: 18714: 18709: 18704: 18699: 18694: 18689: 18684: 18679: 18674: 18669: 18620: 18619: 18617: 18616: 18606: 18594: 18583: 18580: 18579: 18576: 18575: 18572: 18571: 18569: 18568: 18563: 18558: 18553: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18533: 18528: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18511:Thiruvidandhai 18508: 18503: 18498: 18496:Thiruneermalai 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18436:Sholinganallur 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18406:Puzhuthivakkam 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18383: 18381:Perunthandalam 18378: 18373: 18368: 18363: 18358: 18356:Peerkankaranai 18353: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18333: 18328: 18323: 18318: 18313: 18311:Palavanthangal 18308: 18303: 18298: 18293: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18223: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18203: 18198: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18131:Kattankulathur 18128: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18098: 18093: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18073: 18068: 18063: 18058: 18053: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18028: 18023: 18018: 18013: 18008: 18003: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17982: 17980: 17976: 17975: 17973: 17972: 17967: 17962: 17957: 17952: 17947: 17942: 17937: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17907: 17905:Quibble Island 17902: 17897: 17892: 17887: 17882: 17877: 17872: 17870:Parry's Corner 17867: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17785:Greenways Road 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17727: 17721: 17719: 17715: 17714: 17712: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17659:Valasaravakkam 17656: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17424:Nazarathpettai 17421: 17419:Narasingapuram 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17374:Mettu Kandigai 17371: 17366: 17364:Manavala Nagar 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17334:Kumananchavadi 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17284:Karayanchavadi 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17244:Iyyapanthangal 17241: 17236: 17231: 17229:Govardhanagiri 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17110: 17108: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17060: 17055: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17020: 17018:Vallalar Nagar 17015: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16960: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16923:Sothuperumbedu 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16808:Ponniammanmedu 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16723:Naravarikuppam 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16678:Mettu Surapedu 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16580: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16498:Janapanchatram 16495: 16490: 16485: 16483:Gounderpalayam 16480: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16458:Elanthancherry 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16319: 16317: 16309: 16308: 16298: 16297: 16294: 16293: 16290: 16289: 16287: 16286: 16281: 16279:Westin Chennai 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16224:Trident Hilton 16221: 16216: 16211: 16209:Hilton Chennai 16206: 16201: 16196: 16194:Taj Mount Road 16191: 16189:Chola Sheraton 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16169:Taj Coromandel 16165: 16163: 16157: 16156: 16154: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16057: 16055: 16049: 16048: 16046: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16004: 16002: 15995: 15992: 15991: 15988: 15987: 15985: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15948: 15946: 15942: 15941: 15939: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15887: 15885: 15880: 15877: 15876: 15874: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15847: 15845: 15841: 15840: 15838: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15808: 15807: 15805: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15738: 15736: 15729: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15696:DakshinaChitra 15693: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15667: 15665: 15655: 15654: 15644: 15643: 15640: 15639: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15616: 15614: 15610: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15603: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15586: 15584: 15580: 15579: 15577: 15576: 15570: 15568: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15560: 15554: 15552: 15548: 15547: 15545: 15544: 15538: 15536: 15532: 15531: 15529: 15528: 15523: 15517: 15515: 15511: 15510: 15508: 15507: 15502: 15496: 15494: 15490: 15489: 15487: 15486: 15481: 15475: 15473: 15469: 15468: 15466: 15465: 15459: 15457: 15450: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15391: 15389: 15381: 15380: 15368: 15367: 15364: 15363: 15360: 15359: 15356: 15355: 15353: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15321: 15319: 15315: 15314: 15312: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15260: 15258: 15253: 15250: 15249: 15247: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15204:Chennai Bypass 15201: 15196: 15190: 15188: 15183: 15177: 15173: 15172: 15169: 15168: 15166: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15153:Chennai Egmore 15150: 15144: 15142: 15138: 15137: 15135: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15097: 15093: 15092: 15090: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15068: 15066: 15062: 15061: 15059: 15058: 15052: 15050: 15042: 15041: 15029: 15028: 15025: 15024: 15021: 15020: 15018: 15017: 15012: 15006: 15004: 15000: 14999: 14997: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14960: 14958: 14954: 14953: 14951: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14908:Madhya Kailash 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14829: 14827: 14817: 14816: 14804: 14803: 14800: 14799: 14796: 14795: 14793: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14776: 14774: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14734:Express Avenue 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14700: 14698: 14696:Shopping malls 14692: 14691: 14689: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14657: 14655: 14651: 14650: 14648: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14606: 14604: 14600: 14599: 14597: 14596: 14594:Shanti Theatre 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14570: 14568: 14564: 14563: 14561: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14548:Semmoli Poonga 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14514: 14512: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14490:Elliot's Beach 14487: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14433: 14431: 14423: 14422: 14410: 14409: 14406: 14405: 14402: 14401: 14399: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14377: 14375: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14367: 14362: 14360:Vallur Thermal 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14275:Higginbotham's 14272: 14267: 14262: 14260:Ennore Thermal 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14221: 14219: 14216:Companies and 14213: 14212: 14210: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14188: 14186: 14182: 14181: 14179: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14166:Ritchie Street 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14146:Parry's Corner 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14122: 14120: 14110: 14109: 14097: 14096: 14093: 14092: 14089: 14088: 14086: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14074: 14073: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14032: 14030: 14029:Nodal agencies 14026: 14025: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13966:Sholinganallur 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13867: 13865: 13859: 13858: 13856: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13829: 13827: 13825:Parliamentary 13818: 13817:Constituencies 13814: 13813: 13810: 13809: 13807: 13806: 13800: 13798: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13731:Sholinganallur 13728: 13722: 13720: 13714: 13713: 13711: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13649: 13647: 13641: 13640: 13638: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13586: 13584: 13575: 13571: 13570: 13568: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13546: 13544: 13536: 13535: 13523: 13522: 13519: 13518: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13475: 13473: 13469: 13468: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13449: 13447: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13407:Ripon Building 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13377:Chepauk Palace 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13353: 13351: 13343: 13342: 13340: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13323: 13321: 13317: 13316: 13314: 13313: 13308: 13302: 13300: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13271: 13269: 13265: 13264: 13262: 13261: 13256: 13254:Quibble Island 13251: 13245: 13243: 13239: 13238: 13236: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13218:Velachery Lake 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13198:Red Hills Lake 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13178:Perungudi Lake 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13089: 13087: 13081: 13080: 13078: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13051: 13049: 13045: 13044: 13042: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13020: 13018: 13010: 13009: 12993: 12992: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12955: 12953: 12949: 12948: 12946: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12869: 12867: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12812: 12810: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12776: 12774: 12766: 12765: 12753: 12752: 12745: 12744: 12737: 12730: 12722: 12713: 12712: 12700: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12672: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12605: 12603: 12597: 12596: 12594: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12551:Habaspuri sari 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12517: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12384: 12382: 12376: 12375: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12317: 12315: 12311: 12310: 12308: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12195: 12193: 12186: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12134: 12132: 12126: 12125: 12123: 12122: 12117: 12115:Historic sites 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12080:Bhanja dynasty 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12031: 12029: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11993: 11992: 11990:Constituencies 11982: 11977: 11971: 11969: 11963: 11962: 11955: 11953: 11951: 11950: 11944: 11935: 11926: 11917: 11908: 11899: 11889: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11872: 11869: 11868: 11852: 11851: 11844: 11837: 11829: 11820: 11819: 11807: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11779: 11778: 11773: 11763: 11758: 11752: 11750: 11744: 11743: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11529:Chirayinkeezhu 11526: 11521: 11516: 11510: 11508: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11463:Vadakkencherry 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11344: 11342: 11338: 11337: 11335: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11247:Muzhappilangad 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11212:Padinharethara 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11073: 11071: 11064: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11024:Thrippunithura 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10989:Sreekandapuram 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10964:Perinthalmanna 10961: 10956: 10954:Pathanamthitta 10951: 10946: 10944:Parappanangadi 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10804:Karunagappalli 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10705: 10703: 10701:Municipalities 10697: 10696: 10694: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10662: 10660: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10568:Sultan Bathery 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10548:Perinthalmanna 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10368:Karunagappalli 10365: 10363:Karthikappally 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10313:Chirayinkeezhu 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10264: 10262: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10252: 10250:Papilio buddha 10247: 10244: 10239: 10236: 10231: 10228: 10223: 10220: 10215: 10212: 10207: 10204: 10202:Great hornbill 10199: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10114: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10075:Palakkad KL-09 10072: 10070:Thrissur KL-08 10067: 10062: 10057: 10055:Kottayam KL-05 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10031: 10029: 10023: 10022: 10011: 10008: 10007: 9991: 9990: 9983: 9976: 9968: 9959: 9958: 9946: 9943: 9942: 9940: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9913: 9911: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9826:Ananda Gotrika 9823: 9818: 9812: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9778:National parks 9775: 9770: 9765: 9759: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9734: 9728: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9679:Tadepalligudem 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9564:Chilakaluripet 9561: 9556: 9551: 9545: 9543: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9528: 9522: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9483:Sri Sathya Sai 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9379: 9377: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9367: 9362: 9360:Coastal Andhra 9357: 9351: 9349: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9334: 9331: 9326: 9323: 9318: 9315: 9310: 9307: 9302: 9299: 9294: 9291: 9286: 9283: 9278: 9275: 9270: 9267: 9262: 9258: 9256: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9172: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9148:Andhra Pradesh 9132: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9109: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8984: 8979: 8977:Delhi Province 8974: 8972:Coorg Province 8969: 8964: 8959: 8952: 8950:Bihar Province 8947: 8942: 8940:Berar Province 8937: 8932: 8927: 8925:Assam Province 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8898: 8896: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8888: 8882: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8848: 8846: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8821: 8820: 8813: 8806: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8784: 8783:External links 8781: 8779: 8778: 8772: 8759: 8753: 8740: 8731: 8722: 8713: 8707: 8692: 8686: 8673: 8667: 8654: 8648: 8631: 8625: 8612: 8606: 8593: 8587: 8571: 8565: 8552: 8543: 8537: 8522: 8516: 8503: 8497: 8484: 8478: 8463: 8457: 8442: 8436: 8423: 8414: 8408: 8393: 8384: 8378: 8365: 8352: 8337: 8331: 8318: 8312: 8299: 8293: 8280: 8274: 8261: 8259:. CUP Archive. 8250: 8244: 8231: 8225: 8213:Kothari, Rajni 8209: 8203: 8190: 8165: 8159: 8146: 8140: 8124: 8118: 8102: 8096: 8083: 8077: 8061: 8055: 8042: 8036: 8023: 8014: 8008: 7995: 7989: 7974: 7968: 7953: 7947: 7934: 7928: 7915: 7909: 7896: 7890: 7875: 7869: 7856: 7847: 7839: 7830: 7821: 7815: 7800: 7789: 7780: 7769: 7757: 7746: 7737: 7735:. A. C. Black. 7733:Southern India 7728: 7717: 7706: 7697: 7686:"Madras" 7683:, ed. (1911). 7681:Chisholm, Hugh 7677: 7663: 7649: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7627: 7614: 7603: 7597: 7580: 7566: 7560: 7542: 7533: 7519: 7502: 7499: 7490: 7479: 7470: 7461: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7425: 7413: 7401: 7364: 7325: 7287: 7253: 7241: 7229: 7217: 7205: 7193: 7189:Finnemore 1917 7181: 7169: 7167:, p. 224. 7157: 7155:, p. 213. 7145: 7112: 7100: 7088: 7076: 7064: 7052: 7040: 7028: 7016: 7004: 6992: 6980: 6976:Finnemore 1917 6968: 6964:Finnemore 1917 6956: 6952:Finnemore 1917 6941: 6937:Finnemore 1917 6926: 6922:Finnemore 1917 6914: 6902: 6890: 6875: 6871:Finnemore 1917 6860: 6848: 6836: 6824: 6812: 6786: 6774: 6762: 6747: 6735: 6720: 6708: 6682: 6665: 6623: 6608: 6591: 6579: 6564: 6552: 6519: 6502: 6476: 6461: 6420: 6408: 6393: 6381: 6356: 6341: 6324: 6303: 6288: 6256: 6241: 6229: 6210: 6198: 6155: 6143: 6128: 6113: 6101: 6089: 6074: 6062: 6050: 6035: 6009: 5997: 5985: 5973: 5961: 5946: 5931: 5916: 5901: 5889: 5872: 5860: 5845: 5830: 5818: 5806: 5794: 5777: 5773:Steinberg 1950 5746: 5731: 5714: 5699: 5687: 5675: 5656: 5641: 5626: 5614: 5602: 5587: 5575: 5556: 5544: 5532: 5520: 5516:Steinberg 1950 5508: 5504:Steinberg 1950 5496: 5494:, p. 290. 5484: 5472: 5460: 5448: 5436: 5421: 5409: 5390: 5378: 5363: 5351: 5339: 5318: 5306: 5297: 5285: 5273: 5261: 5249: 5237: 5225: 5213: 5201: 5189: 5177: 5165: 5153: 5141: 5129: 5117: 5102: 5100:, p. 291. 5090: 5075: 5052: 5048:Sadasivan 1974 5037: 5020: 5008: 5002:978-8189909970 5001: 4983: 4950: 4935: 4913: 4901: 4889: 4877: 4865: 4853: 4841: 4837:Steinberg 1950 4829: 4825:Steinberg 1950 4812: 4800: 4788: 4776: 4759: 4744: 4740:Steinberg 1950 4732: 4720: 4708: 4696: 4676: 4651: 4639: 4607: 4595: 4583: 4579:Ramaswamy 1997 4571: 4551: 4536: 4524: 4507: 4495: 4480: 4468: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4408: 4393: 4353: 4323: 4312:on 3 June 2008 4297: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4223: 4219:Sadasivan 1974 4211: 4207:Sadasivan 1974 4199: 4168: 4156: 4153:Pramanand 1985 4145: 4113: 4098: 4086: 4068: 4056: 4052:Sadasivan 1974 4044: 4040:Sadasivan 1974 4032: 4028:Sadasivan 1974 4020: 4016:Sadasivan 1974 4008: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3932:Tara Dutt 2015 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3871:Madras Courier 3857: 3845: 3833: 3821: 3809: 3805:Chaudhuri 2006 3797: 3785: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3702: 3690: 3658: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3570: 3568: 3555: 3548: 3546: 3536: 3529: 3527: 3520: 3513: 3511: 3501: 3494: 3492: 3486: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3467: 3449:Sati Sulochana 3443:'s Tamil film 3401:Madras Courier 3370:Carnatic music 3332:marmakkathayam 3268: 3265: 3234:Loyola College 3232:at Mangalore, 3142: 3139: 2959: 2956: 2952:Bank of Madura 2928:Karnataka Bank 2896:British Ceylon 2886:, Negapataam, 2844:Arbuthnot Bank 2637: 2634: 2549:custard apples 2491: 2488: 2298: 2295: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2187:Main article: 2176: 2173: 2064: 2063:Administration 2061: 1886:) boy, c. 1914 1866:students at a 1856: 1853: 1805: 1802: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1715: 1712: 1612:Andhra Pradesh 1604:southern India 1583: 1580: 1563: 1560: 1500: 1497: 1450:1937 elections 1367: 1366: 1357: 1356: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1339:Main article: 1336: 1333: 1245: 1242: 1155: 1152: 1113:Vellore Mutiny 1089:Lord Wellesley 1087:originated by 1066: 1063: 1047:Nawab of Arcot 1003: 1000: 995:Main article: 973: 970: 950:Fort St George 917:Mughal Emperor 913:Sir Thomas Roe 888: 885: 850:Pandya dynasty 834: 831: 829: 826: 804:Following the 759:Fort St George 748:Madhya Pradesh 681:Andhra Pradesh 677:southern India 671:and later the 647: 646: 644: 643: 636: 629: 621: 618: 617: 614: 613: 610: 604: 603: 600: 594: 593: 590: 584: 583: 580: 574: 573: 570: 564: 563: 560: 554: 553: 550: 540: 539: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 517: 511: 510: 507: 497: 496: 485: 482: 481: 478: 477: 474: 468: 467: 464: 458: 457: 454: 448: 447: 444: 438: 437: 434: 432:Austrian India 424: 423: 416: 408: 407: 405:Colonial India 397: 396: 391: 387: 386: 383: 382: 379: 378: 371: 362: 359: 358: 353: 341: 340: 335: 325: 324: 321: 318: 315: 314: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 290: 287: 286: 283: 277: 274: 273: 270: 263: 260: 259: 256: 253: 250: 249: 246: 245: 240: 239:Historical era 236: 235: 229: 223: 220: 219: 213: 207: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 192: 191: 186: 183: 180: 179: 174: 171: 168: 167: 164: 163: 160: 154: 153: 150: 149: 144: 141: 138: 137: 132: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 118: 112: 111: 107:summer capital 95: 91: 90: 87: 79: 78: 73: 66: 65: 59: 52: 51: 50: 47: 46: 42: 41: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18729: 18718: 18715: 18713: 18710: 18708: 18705: 18703: 18700: 18698: 18695: 18693: 18690: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18680: 18678: 18675: 18673: 18670: 18668: 18665: 18664: 18662: 18655: 18652: 18615: 18607: 18605: 18595: 18593: 18585: 18584: 18581: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18532: 18529: 18527: 18524: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18506:Thiruvanmiyur 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18451:Sithalapakkam 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18411:Rajakilpakkam 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18382: 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18371:Perungalathur 18369: 18367: 18364: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18319: 18317: 18314: 18312: 18309: 18307: 18304: 18302: 18299: 18297: 18294: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18197: 18194: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18182: 18181:Madhuvankarai 18179: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18166:Kovilambakkam 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18106:Kandanchavadi 18104: 18102: 18099: 18097: 18094: 18092: 18091:Jafferkhanpet 18089: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18071:Hasthinapuram 18069: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18036:Ekkaduthangal 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18002: 17999: 17997: 17994: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17983: 17981: 17977: 17971: 17970:West Mambalam 17968: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17956: 17953: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17722: 17720: 17716: 17710: 17709:Virugambakkam 17707: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17644:Thiruninravur 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17634:Thirumazhisai 17632: 17630: 17629:Thirumangalam 17627: 17625: 17624:Thathankuppam 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17609:Tamaraipakkam 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17594:Sriperumbudur 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17539:Poonthandalam 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17504:Pattaravakkam 17502: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17354:Malayambakkam 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17224:Gerugambakkam 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17204:Beemanthangal 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17159:Arakkambakkam 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17114:Adayalampattu 17112: 17111: 17109: 17105: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17073:Vinayagapuram 17071: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17061: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16953:Theeyampakkam 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16898:Sembiyamanali 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16858:Sadayankuppam 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16793:Periyasekkadu 16791: 16789: 16788:Periyar Nagar 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16758:Payasambakkam 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16713:Nandiambakkam 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16693:Moolachatiram 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16623:Kumaran Nagar 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16563:Kavaraipettai 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16503:Jawahar Nagar 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16493:Gummidipoondi 16491: 16489: 16486: 16484: 16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16473:Erukkancherry 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16443:Edayanchavadi 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16428:Chinnasekkadu 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16418:Bandikavanoor 16416: 16414: 16413:Azhinjivakkam 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16323:Aamullaivoyal 16321: 16320: 16318: 16314: 16310: 16303: 16299: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16214:Taj Connemara 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16184:Hyatt Regency 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16166: 16164: 16162: 16158: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16121:MIOT Hospital 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16058: 16056: 16054: 16050: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15993: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15949: 15947: 15943: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15888: 15886: 15878: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15848: 15846: 15842: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15815: 15809: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15739: 15737: 15733: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15668: 15666: 15664: 15660: 15656: 15649: 15645: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15617: 15615: 15611: 15601: 15600:Chennai Blitz 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15587: 15585: 15581: 15575: 15574:Chennai Lions 15572: 15571: 15569: 15565: 15559: 15556: 15555: 15553: 15549: 15543: 15540: 15539: 15537: 15533: 15527: 15526:Chennaiyin FC 15524: 15522: 15519: 15518: 15516: 15512: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15491: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15476: 15474: 15470: 15464: 15461: 15460: 15458: 15454: 15451: 15447: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15392: 15390: 15386: 15382: 15378: 15373: 15369: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15322: 15320: 15316: 15310: 15309:Padi Junction 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15251: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15199:Cenotaph Road 15197: 15195: 15192: 15191: 15189: 15181: 15178: 15174: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15145: 15143: 15139: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15112:Chennai Metro 15110: 15109: 15107: 15101: 15098: 15094: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15069: 15067: 15063: 15057: 15054: 15053: 15051: 15047: 15043: 15039: 15034: 15030: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15007: 15005: 15001: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14961: 14959: 14955: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14830: 14828: 14826: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14809: 14805: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14780:Gymkhana Club 14778: 14777: 14775: 14771: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14759:Spencer Plaza 14757: 14755: 14754:Spectrum Mall 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14697: 14693: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14676:Dash N Splash 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14658: 14656: 14652: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14607: 14605: 14601: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14571: 14569: 14565: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14543:People's Park 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14515: 14513: 14511: 14507: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14482: 14480: 14474: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14462:Madras School 14460: 14458: 14457:Madras Bashai 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14434: 14432: 14428: 14424: 14420: 14415: 14411: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14372: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14325:Royal Enfield 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14230:Ashok Leyland 14228: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14214: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14183: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14102: 14098: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14072: 14069: 14068: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14033: 14031: 14027: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14011:Virugambakkam 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13991:Thiruvottiyur 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13971:Sriperumbudur 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13864: 13860: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13848:Sriperumbudur 13846: 13844: 13843:Chennai South 13841: 13839: 13838:Chennai North 13836: 13834: 13831: 13830: 13828: 13826: 13822: 13819: 13815: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13799: 13797: 13793: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13761:Sriperumbudur 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13723: 13721: 13719: 13715: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13693:Gummidipoondi 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13646: 13642: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13625:Purasaiwalkam 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13587: 13585: 13583: 13579: 13576: 13572: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13547: 13545: 13541: 13537: 13533: 13528: 13524: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13479:Anna Memorial 13477: 13476: 13474: 13470: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13450: 13448: 13444: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13367:Brodie Castle 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13350: 13344: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13324: 13322: 13318: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13297: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13266: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13246: 13244: 13240: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13133:Korattur Aeri 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13098:Ambattur Lake 13096: 13094: 13091: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13082: 13076: 13075:Otteri Nullah 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13046: 13040: 13039:South Chennai 13037: 13035: 13034:North Chennai 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13015: 13011: 13007: 13003: 12998: 12994: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12950: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12918:Madras Manade 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12870: 12868: 12864: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12847: 12844: 12841: 12837: 12836:Carnatic Wars 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12813: 12811: 12807: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12795:Chola Dynasty 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12780:Sangam period 12778: 12777: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12743: 12738: 12736: 12731: 12729: 12724: 12723: 12720: 12710: 12698: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12651: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12602: 12598: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12510: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12381: 12377: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12318: 12316: 12312: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12275:Jagatsinghpur 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12179: 12175: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12153:Garhjat Hills 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12131: 12127: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12032: 12030: 12028: 12024: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11968: 11964: 11959: 11949: 11945: 11943: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11924:Indian roller 11921: 11918: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11886: 11885:State symbols 11882: 11878: 11877: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11850: 11845: 11843: 11838: 11836: 11831: 11830: 11827: 11817: 11805: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11777: 11776:South Malabar 11774: 11772: 11771:North Malabar 11769: 11768: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11745: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11684:Kanjirappally 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11649:Vadasserikara 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11519:Balaramapuram 11517: 11515: 11512: 11511: 11509: 11505: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11493:Lakkidi-Perur 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11408:Chottanikkara 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11339: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11142:Kunnamangalam 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11061: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10919:North Paravur 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10904:Neyyattinkara 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10744:Changanassery 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10702: 10698: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10655: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10513:North Paravur 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10503:Neyyattinkara 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10408:Kothamangalam 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10353:Kanjirappally 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10293:Changanassery 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10257: 10251: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10115: 10113: 10111: 10107: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10090:Wayanad KL-12 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10024: 10020: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9989: 9984: 9982: 9977: 9975: 9970: 9969: 9966: 9956: 9944: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9910:Related lists 9908: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9805: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9783:Hindu temples 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9752: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9709:Visakhapatnam 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9624:Machilipatnam 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9546: 9544: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9531:Visakhapatnam 9529: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9515: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9503:West Godavari 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9493:Visakhapatnam 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9418:East Godavari 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9372: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9344: 9338: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9253: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9160: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9130: 9125: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9111: 9110: 9107: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9064: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9046: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9024:Sind Province 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8956:(Upper) Burma 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8915:Ajmer-Merwara 8913: 8911: 8910:Agra Province 8908: 8905: 8904: 8903:Aden Province 8900: 8899: 8897: 8893: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8834: 8830: 8829:British India 8826: 8819: 8814: 8812: 8807: 8805: 8800: 8799: 8796: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8775: 8773:9788120613355 8769: 8765: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8746: 8741: 8737: 8732: 8728: 8723: 8719: 8714: 8710: 8704: 8700: 8699: 8693: 8689: 8687:0-333-93410-5 8683: 8679: 8674: 8670: 8668:9781412826198 8664: 8660: 8655: 8651: 8649:9789004045101 8645: 8640: 8639: 8632: 8628: 8626:0-253-21681-8 8622: 8618: 8613: 8609: 8607:0-521-09652-9 8603: 8599: 8594: 8590: 8588:81-88661-24-4 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8566:81-7041-433-4 8562: 8558: 8553: 8549: 8544: 8540: 8538:9780670085071 8534: 8530: 8529: 8523: 8519: 8517:81-261-0343-4 8513: 8509: 8504: 8500: 8498:0-393-31898-2 8494: 8490: 8485: 8481: 8479:9780520918795 8475: 8471: 8470: 8464: 8460: 8458:9788187139690 8454: 8450: 8449: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8429: 8424: 8420: 8415: 8411: 8409:81-7022-801-8 8405: 8401: 8400: 8394: 8390: 8385: 8381: 8379:81-7488-865-9 8375: 8371: 8366: 8355: 8349: 8345: 8344: 8338: 8334: 8332:0-415-04878-8 8328: 8325:. Routledge. 8324: 8319: 8315: 8313:0-7619-3419-7 8309: 8305: 8300: 8296: 8294:0-7619-9780-6 8290: 8286: 8281: 8277: 8275:81-7099-897-2 8271: 8267: 8262: 8258: 8257: 8251: 8247: 8245:0-415-32919-1 8241: 8237: 8232: 8228: 8226:81-250-0637-0 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8204:1-85109-636-1 8200: 8196: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8166: 8162: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8141:0-00-638843-4 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8097:9781857431339 8093: 8089: 8084: 8080: 8078:1-4021-5115-2 8074: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8056:81-7154-667-6 8052: 8048: 8043: 8039: 8033: 8030:. Routledge. 8029: 8024: 8020: 8015: 8011: 8005: 8001: 7996: 7992: 7990:9780521031592 7986: 7982: 7981: 7975: 7971: 7969:0-253-34810-2 7965: 7961: 7960: 7954: 7950: 7948:1-57181-911-8 7944: 7940: 7935: 7931: 7929:81-7141-431-1 7925: 7921: 7916: 7912: 7910:0-19-567021-3 7906: 7902: 7897: 7893: 7891:9788131732021 7887: 7883: 7882: 7876: 7872: 7870:0-521-42926-9 7866: 7862: 7857: 7853: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7831: 7827: 7822: 7818: 7816:9788120613447 7812: 7808: 7807: 7801: 7797: 7796: 7790: 7786: 7781: 7777: 7776: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7747: 7743: 7738: 7734: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7718: 7714: 7713: 7707: 7703: 7698: 7694: 7693: 7687: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7667:Besant, Annie 7664: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7630: 7624: 7620: 7615: 7611: 7610: 7604: 7600: 7598:0-520-04315-4 7594: 7590: 7586: 7585:K. Rangachari 7581: 7577: 7576: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7550: 7549: 7543: 7539: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7480: 7476: 7471: 7467: 7462: 7458: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7447: 7434: 7433:Kasbekar 2006 7429: 7422: 7421:Ishizuka 2008 7417: 7410: 7409:Thoraval 2000 7405: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7369: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7257: 7250: 7245: 7238: 7233: 7226: 7221: 7214: 7209: 7202: 7197: 7190: 7185: 7179:, p. 26. 7178: 7173: 7166: 7161: 7154: 7149: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7116: 7109: 7104: 7097: 7092: 7085: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7037: 7032: 7025: 7020: 7013: 7012:Thurston 1909 7008: 7001: 7000:Thurston 1909 6996: 6989: 6988:Thurston 1909 6984: 6977: 6972: 6965: 6960: 6953: 6948: 6946: 6938: 6933: 6931: 6923: 6918: 6911: 6906: 6899: 6894: 6887: 6886:Srinivas 1982 6882: 6880: 6872: 6867: 6865: 6857: 6852: 6845: 6840: 6833: 6828: 6821: 6816: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6783: 6778: 6771: 6766: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6744: 6739: 6732: 6727: 6725: 6717: 6712: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6679: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6605: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6588: 6583: 6576: 6571: 6569: 6561: 6556: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6516: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6490: 6486: 6480: 6473: 6468: 6466: 6457: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6424: 6417: 6412: 6405: 6400: 6398: 6390: 6385: 6378: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6338: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6321: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6300: 6299:Thurston 1913 6295: 6293: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6260: 6253: 6248: 6246: 6238: 6233: 6226: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6207: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6172: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6152: 6147: 6140: 6135: 6133: 6125: 6120: 6118: 6110: 6105: 6098: 6093: 6086: 6081: 6079: 6071: 6066: 6059: 6054: 6047: 6042: 6040: 6023: 6019: 6013: 6006: 6001: 5994: 5993:Thurston 1913 5989: 5982: 5981:Thurston 1913 5977: 5970: 5969:Thurston 1913 5965: 5958: 5957:Thurston 1913 5953: 5951: 5943: 5942:Thurston 1913 5938: 5936: 5928: 5927:Thurston 1913 5923: 5921: 5913: 5912:Thurston 1913 5908: 5906: 5898: 5897:Thurston 1913 5893: 5886: 5885:Thurston 1913 5881: 5879: 5877: 5869: 5868:Thurston 1913 5864: 5857: 5856:Thurston 1913 5852: 5850: 5842: 5837: 5835: 5827: 5826:Thurston 1913 5822: 5815: 5814:Thurston 1913 5810: 5803: 5798: 5791: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5774: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5743: 5742:Thurston 1913 5738: 5736: 5728: 5727:Thurston 1913 5723: 5721: 5719: 5711: 5710:Thurston 1913 5706: 5704: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5653: 5652:Thurston 1913 5648: 5646: 5638: 5637:Thurston 1913 5633: 5631: 5623: 5622:Thurston 1913 5618: 5611: 5610:Thurston 1913 5606: 5599: 5598:Thurston 1913 5594: 5592: 5584: 5583:Thurston 1913 5579: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5553: 5552:Thurston 1913 5548: 5541: 5536: 5529: 5524: 5517: 5512: 5505: 5500: 5493: 5492:Chisholm 1911 5488: 5481: 5476: 5469: 5464: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5440: 5433: 5428: 5426: 5418: 5413: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5370: 5368: 5360: 5355: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5315: 5310: 5301: 5294: 5289: 5282: 5277: 5270: 5265: 5258: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5234: 5229: 5222: 5217: 5210: 5205: 5198: 5193: 5186: 5181: 5174: 5169: 5162: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5138: 5137:Thurston 1913 5133: 5126: 5125:Thurston 1913 5121: 5114: 5109: 5107: 5099: 5098:Chisholm 1911 5094: 5087: 5082: 5080: 5072: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5049: 5044: 5042: 5034: 5033:Thurston 1913 5029: 5027: 5025: 5017: 5016:Thurston 1913 5012: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4987: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4954: 4946: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4873:Thurston 1913 4869: 4862: 4857: 4850: 4845: 4838: 4833: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4809: 4804: 4797: 4792: 4785: 4780: 4773: 4772:Thurston 1913 4768: 4766: 4764: 4756: 4755:Thurston 1913 4751: 4749: 4741: 4736: 4729: 4724: 4717: 4712: 4705: 4700: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4649:, pp. 157–160 4648: 4643: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4599: 4592: 4587: 4580: 4575: 4567: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4528: 4521: 4520:Thurston 1909 4516: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4477: 4472: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4398: 4389: 4383: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4256: 4251: 4244: 4243:Mazumdar 1917 4239: 4232: 4231:Mazumdar 1917 4227: 4220: 4215: 4208: 4203: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4149: 4130: 4123: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4103: 4095: 4090: 4082: 4075: 4073: 4065: 4060: 4053: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4029: 4024: 4017: 4012: 4005: 4000: 3994:, pp. 250–253 3993: 3988: 3981: 3976: 3969: 3964: 3957: 3952: 3945: 3940: 3934:, p. 45. 3933: 3928: 3921: 3916: 3909: 3904: 3897: 3892: 3885: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3735: 3730: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3699: 3698:Thurston 1913 3694: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3498: 3493: 3490: 3483: 3478: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3459:, Madras and 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3422:in 1878, and 3421: 3417: 3416: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3374:bharatanatyam 3371: 3367: 3366:bull-fighting 3363: 3362:cock-fighting 3358: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3286: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3250:In 1923, the 3248: 3246: 3242: 3241:British India 3237: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3205:in 1835. The 3204: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3099:J. R. D. Tata 3096: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3051:Pamban island 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3006:Pamban island 3003: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2964: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2840:Binny and Co. 2837: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2784: 2782: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2685: 2678: 2673: 2666: 2661: 2653: 2647: 2642: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2606: 2605:Periyar river 2602: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2505:Indian millet 2496: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2410: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2279:Indian Mutiny 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2263:Carnatic Wars 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2236: 2227: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091:Fort St David 2087: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2017:Hindu temples 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1885: 1880: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1816: 1811: 1801: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1737: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1698:districts of 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686:districts of 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616:Banaganapalle 1613: 1609: 1605: 1596: 1588: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548:1946 election 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1432:P. Subbarayan 1429: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1403:Justice Party 1399: 1395: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1361: 1352: 1342: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1314:Swadesamitran 1310: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1211:Chief Justice 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1161: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117:Paliath Achan 1114: 1109: 1107: 1106:Visakhapatnam 1103: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1062: 1060: 1057:bringing the 1056: 1052: 1051:Azim-ud-Daula 1048: 1045:In 1801, the 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 933: 932:Masulipatinam 929: 925: 921: 918: 914: 910: 907:(1567–1625), 906: 902: 898: 894: 884: 882: 878: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 848: 844: 840: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763:Machilipatnam 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 687:and parts of 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 669:British India 666: 662: 658: 654: 642: 637: 635: 630: 628: 623: 622: 620: 619: 611: 609: 606: 605: 601: 599: 596: 595: 591: 589: 586: 585: 581: 579: 576: 575: 571: 569: 566: 565: 561: 559: 556: 555: 551: 549: 546: 545: 542: 541: 531: 530:British India 527: 526: 518: 516: 513: 512: 508: 506: 505:Casa da Índia 503: 502: 499: 498: 488: 484: 483: 475: 473: 470: 469: 465: 463: 460: 459: 455: 453: 450: 449: 445: 443: 442:Swedish India 440: 439: 435: 433: 430: 429: 426: 425: 420: 414: 410: 409: 406: 403: 402: 395: 392: 390:Today part of 388: 372: 370: 367: 366: 363: 357: 356:Madras Agency 354: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 336: 334: 331: 330: 326: 322: 316: 313: 309: 305: 301: 298: 294: 288: 284: 281: 275: 271: 267: 261: 257: 251: 247: 244: 241: 237: 233: 230: 227: 221: 217: 214: 211: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 187: 181: 178: 175: 169: 165: 161: 159: 155: 151: 148: 145: 139: 136: 133: 127: 123: 119: 117: 113: 108: 103: 99: 96: 92: 85: 80: 70: 62: 56: 48: 43: 22: 19: 18648:13.08; 80.27 18624: 18566:Vettuvankeni 18516:Thuraipakkam 18431:Semmencherry 18321:Pallikaranai 18296:Ottiambakkam 18276:Noothancheri 18216:Meenambakkam 18196:Manimangalam 18191:Mamallapuram 18171:Kovilanchery 18146:Keelkattalai 18051:Guduvancheri 18026:Chengalpattu 18016:Chitlapakkam 18011:Besant Nagar 17900:Purasawalkam 17885:Pondy Bazaar 17860:Panagal Park 17850:Nungambakkam 17755:Chintadripet 17735:Burma Bazaar 17694:Venkatapuram 17584:Shenoy Nagar 17574:Seneerkuppam 17519:Perumalpattu 17494:Paruthipattu 17484:Paraniputhur 17414:Nandambakkam 17409:Nandambakkam 17404:Muthapudupet 17399:Mugalivakkam 17369:Melkondaiyur 17344:Kuthambakkam 17294:Kilkondaiyur 17189:Ayanambakkam 17093:Washermanpet 17053:Vijayanallur 16978:Tiruvottiyur 16943:Thathaimanji 16888:Sembilivaram 16778:Periapalayam 16763:Pazhaverkadu 16668:Manjambakkam 16643:Madharpakkam 16628:Lakshmipuram 16618:Kottai Karai 16533:Kannigaipair 16423:Basin Bridge 16398:Attanthangal 16353:Anuppampattu 16269:Savera Hotel 16234:Radisson GRT 15735:Universities 15652:Institutions 15620:Chennai Open 15567:Table tennis 15493:Field hockey 15264:Anna Flyover 15256:and flyovers 15122:Chennai MRTS 15072:Chennai Port 14719:Chandra Mall 14714:Ampa Skywalk 14625:Lit for Life 14538:Panagal Park 14533:Natesan Park 14528:May Day Park 14500:Marina Beach 14495:Golden Beach 14218:institutions 14192:SEZ Corridor 14176:Washermanpet 14156:Purasawalkam 14151:Pondy Bazaar 14141:Panagal Park 14126:Burma Bazaar 13891:Chengalpattu 13781:Madurantakam 13746:Chengalpattu 13653:Tiruvottiyur 13458:Thomas Munro 13382:LIC Building 13332:Ennore Creek 13113:Chetput Lake 13065:Coovum River 12423:Bhawanipatna 12158:Chilika Lake 12148:Utkal Plains 12100:Bhoi dynasty 12055:Nala dynasty 11874: 11734:Kaduthuruthy 11719:Kuravilangad 11669:Ambalappuzha 11609:Kozhencherry 11604:Kulathupuzha 11594:Pathanapuram 11574:Sasthamkotta 11478:Puthunagaram 11428:Nedumbassery 11413:Udayamperoor 11353:Vandiperiyar 11302:Vellarikundu 11262:Pappinisseri 11242:Anjarakkandy 11152:Thiruvambady 11147:Thamarassery 11087:Puthanathani 11019:Thrikkakkara 10894:Muvattupuzha 10849:Kottarakkara 10834:Kuthuparamba 10779:Irinjalakuda 10643:Vellarikundu 10623:Udumbanchola 10588:Thamarassery 10528:Pathanapuram 10493:Muvattupuzha 10488:Mukundapuram 10468:Manjeshwaram 10463:Mananthavady 10428:Kozhencherry 10413:Kottarakkara 10283:Ambalappuzha 10128:Demographics 10095:Kannur KL-13 10060:Idukki KL-06 10040:Kollam KL-02 10016: 9714:Vizianagaram 9639:Narasaraopet 9498:Vizianagaram 9355:North Andhra 9201:Demographics 9157: 9061: 8986: 8954: 8901: 8876: 8866: 8845:Presidencies 8837: 8763: 8744: 8735: 8726: 8717: 8697: 8677: 8658: 8637: 8616: 8597: 8578: 8556: 8547: 8527: 8507: 8488: 8468: 8447: 8427: 8418: 8398: 8388: 8369: 8357:. 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Retrieved 4626:the original 4619: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4545: 4539: 4532:Bhakshi 1991 4527: 4498: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4370:. Retrieved 4365: 4356: 4344:. Retrieved 4335: 4326: 4314:. Retrieved 4310:the original 4300: 4288:. Retrieved 4284:the original 4274: 4262: 4250: 4238: 4226: 4214: 4202: 4190:. Retrieved 4186:the original 4181: 4171: 4159: 4148: 4136:. Retrieved 4116: 4089: 4080: 4064:Muthiah 2004 4059: 4047: 4035: 4023: 4011: 4004:Hibbert 2000 3999: 3987: 3975: 3963: 3951: 3939: 3927: 3915: 3903: 3891: 3879: 3870: 3860: 3853:Wheeler 1996 3848: 3841:Wheeler 1996 3836: 3824: 3812: 3800: 3788: 3781:Wheeler 1996 3758:Wheeler 1996 3753: 3746:Wheeler 1996 3741: 3734:Wheeler 1996 3729: 3722:Wheeler 1996 3717: 3710:Hunter, 1908 3705: 3693: 3681:. Retrieved 3677:the original 3670: 3661: 3654:Iyengar 1929 3649: 3561: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3430:Madras Times 3429: 3423: 3413: 3404: 3400: 3398: 3359: 3348: 3339: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3251: 3249: 3238: 3215: 3183: 3176: 3144: 3123: 3111: 3083: 3071: 3067: 3059:Mettupalayam 3027: 3023: 2971: 2969: 2878:, Cocanada, 2872: 2869: 2824: 2785: 2777: 2727: 2718: 2690: 2644:The port of 2621: 2610: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2537:castor beans 2517:sweet potato 2501: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2423: 2414: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2291: 2287: 2257:(1811), the 2240: 2232: 2200: 2192: 2175:Armed forces 2153:Banganapalle 2150: 2127:Trichinopoly 2088: 2072: 1980:Jesus Christ 1896: 1889: 1849: 1821: 1798: 1714:Demographics 1664:Nabarangapur 1630:and part of 1601: 1572:Madras State 1565: 1537: 1521: 1515: 1484: 1480: 1461:Anti-Brahmin 1458: 1439: 1428:Lord Goschen 1391: 1379: 1372: 1318: 1312: 1306: 1299:Annie Besant 1281: 1264: 1259:Annie Besant 1223: 1207:Anglo-Indian 1163: 1129: 1125:Sepoy Mutiny 1121:Poligar Wars 1110: 1074: 1044: 1036:French India 1005: 975: 954:Andrew Cogan 905:King James I 890: 874: 836: 822:Madras State 803: 798: 794: 752: 713: 660: 656: 652: 650: 548:EIC in India 472:French India 462:Danish India 418: 369:Madras State 338:Succeeded by 337: 332: 74:Coat of arms 18: 18692:Lakshadweep 18646: / 18614:WikiProject 18561:Vengaivasal 18486:Tharapakkam 18361:Perumbakkam 18271:Nellikuppam 18266:Neelankarai 18256:Nanmangalam 18251:Nanganallur 18231:Mettukuppam 18201:Mannivakkam 18176:Madambakkam 18156:Kottivakkam 18151:Kelambakkam 18136:Kazhipattur 18126:Karumbakkam 18111:Kannivakkam 18086:Irumbuliyur 18081:Injambakkam 18046:Gowrivakkam 18006:Anakaputhur 17895:Pulianthope 17845:Nochikuppam 17810:Kotturpuram 17795:Kodambakkam 17780:Gopalapuram 17775:George Town 17699:Veppampattu 17654:Tiruverkadu 17529:Poonamallee 17509:Perambakkam 17474:Pandeswaram 17434:Nemilichery 17394:Moulivakkam 17349:Maduravoyal 17289:Kattupakkam 17279:Karambakkam 17274:Kallikuppam 17254:Kadambathur 17249:K. K. Nagar 17214:Choolaimedu 17169:Ashok Nagar 17139:Andankuppam 17129:Aminjikarai 17098:Wimco Nagar 17068:Villivakkam 17058:Vilakupattu 17028:Vannipakkam 17003:Vadamadurai 16818:Puthubakkam 16743:Padianallur 16593:Kodungaiyur 16548:Kathivakkam 16343:Andarkuppam 16244:JW Marriott 15926:DG Vaishnav 15911:Vivekananda 15812:Engineering 15711:Kalakshetra 15186:expressways 15077:Ennore Port 14666:Queens Land 14654:Theme parks 14584:PVR Cinemas 14386:Electronics 14280:Indian Bank 14006:Villivakkam 13946:Poonamallee 13921:Maduravoyal 13853:Thiruvallur 13776:Uthiramerur 13771:Kanchipuram 13683:Poonamallee 13673:Maduravoyal 13590:Aminjikarai 13402:Rajaji Hall 13327:Adyar Creek 13188:Pulhal Lake 13163:Manali Lake 13158:Mangal Lake 13055:Adyar River 12576:Pattachitra 12571:Odisha Ikat 12526:Bomkai sari 12513:GI products 12428:Bhubaneswar 11876:Bhubaneswar 11714:Puthuppally 11674:Mararikulam 11664:Charummoodu 11544:Chathannoor 11403:Malayattoor 11393:Kunnathunad 11287:Cheruvathur 11282:Thrikaripur 11267:Kalliasseri 11132:Vallikkunnu 11107:Kuttippuram 11097:Angadipuram 11063:Other towns 11034:Tirurangadi 11004:Taliparamba 10969:Perumbavoor 10914:Nileshwaram 10889:Mavelikkara 10864:Kunnamkulam 10824:Kodungallur 10789:Kalamassery 10618:Tirurangadi 10573:Taliparamba 10478:Mavelikkara 10443:Kunnathunad 10438:Kunnamkulam 10388:Kodungallur 10226:Golden rain 9669:Rajahmundry 9629:Madanapalle 9574:Dharmavaram 9365:Rayalaseema 8988:Lower Burma 8930:Baluchistan 8881:(at Penang) 8575:S., Muthiah 8359:17 November 7394:17 November 7376:S., Muthiah 7357:17 November 7337:Guy, Randor 7318:17 November 7280:17 November 7262:Guy, Randor 7191:, pp. 35–41 7138:17 November 6856:Hunter 1908 6832:Hunter 1908 6805:17 November 6782:Hunter 1908 6701:17 November 6678:Ralhan 2002 6658:17 November 6619:Hunter 1908 6604:Hunter 1908 6587:Hunter 1908 6560:Wright 1999 6545:17 November 6495:17 November 6472:Hunter 1908 6440:17 November 6389:Hunter 1908 6352:Hunter 1908 6281:17 November 6191:17 November 6171:Muthiah, S. 5841:Hunter 1908 5802:Hunter 1908 5790:Hunter 1908 5683:Hunter 1908 5671:Hunter 1908 5571:Hunter 1908 5173:Hunter 1908 4932:(15). 2009. 4897:Ralhan 2002 4808:Hunter 1908 4784:Mollin 2006 4669:17 November 4632:25 December 4593:, pp. 42–44 4581:, Chapter 4 4491:Ralhan 2002 4476:Ralhan 2002 4464:Ralhan 2002 4452:Ralhan 2002 4440:Ralhan 2002 4428:Ralhan 2002 4416:Ralhan 2002 4404:Slater 1918 4372:17 November 4346:17 November 4316:17 November 4290:17 November 4267:Besant 1915 4255:Besant 1915 4192:17 November 4138:17 November 3992:Kamath 1980 3980:Kamath 1980 3958:, pp. 34–37 3944:Hunter 1908 3920:Hunter 1908 3908:Hunter 1908 3884:Hunter 1908 3829:Newell 1919 3817:Thorpe 2011 3525:, c.a. 1909 3340:devasthanam 3324:recognised 3256:A. P. Patro 3177:Similarly, 3131:Talaimannar 3045:connecting 2974:along with 2944:Vijaya Bank 2936:Andhra Bank 2908:Canara Bank 2904:Indian Bank 2861:Indian Bank 2831:Madras city 2663:Weaving on 2623:pumps. The 2297:Land tenure 2277:during the 2269:during the 2235:Madras Army 2189:Madras Army 2161:Pudukkottai 2084:Madras Army 2055:which gave 1963:Malik Kafur 1903:Vaishnavite 1634:regions of 1632:Pandya Nadu 1620:Tondai Nadu 1329:B. P. Wadia 1320:Mathrubhumi 1197:; in 1877, 1167:Lord Harris 1160:British Raj 1053:signed the 1008:George Town 986:Aaron Baker 978:Thomas Ivie 946:Francis Day 862:Malik Kafur 535:(1600–1947) 492:(1505–1961) 452:Dutch India 333:Preceded by 234:(1935–1947) 226:Lower house 218:(1861–1947) 210:Upper house 199:Legislature 18661:Categories 18551:Vanuvampet 18541:Vadanemili 18501:Thiruporur 18456:Somangalam 18401:Pudupakkam 18391:Polichalur 18341:Pattipulam 18316:Pallavaram 18306:Palavakkam 18286:Okkiyampet 18246:Nandivaram 18211:Medavakkam 18186:Madipakkam 18141:Kizhkalvoy 18121:Karapakkam 18096:Jaladampet 17996:Agaramthen 17986:Adambakkam 17960:Vadapalani 17955:Trustpuram 17950:Triplicane 17945:The Island 17925:Saligramam 17915:Royapettah 17815:Mandavelli 17669:Veerapuram 17649:Tiruvallur 17589:Sorancheri 17499:Pattabiram 17489:Parivakkam 17444:Nerkundram 17439:Nesapakkam 17359:Manapakkam 17339:Kundrathur 17309:Kolapakkam 17234:ICF Colony 17179:Arumbakkam 17144:Anna Nagar 17088:Vyasarpadi 16993:Uthukottai 16988:Tondiarpet 16963:Thirunilai 16908:Siruvapuri 16903:Sholavaram 16878:Seemavaram 16863:Sathangadu 16833:Puthagaram 16828:Pulli Lyon 16798:Perungavur 16773:Peravallur 16748:Pallipattu 16703:Muthialpet 16698:Moolakadai 16633:Madhavaram 16608:Korukkupet 16603:Kondithope 16588:Kodipallam 16578:KK Thazhai 16558:Kavangarai 16543:Kathirvedu 16523:Kalpalayam 16508:Kadapakkam 16488:Grant Lyon 16438:Edapalayam 16433:Chettimedu 16408:Ayanavaram 16393:Athivakkam 16373:Arumandhai 16358:Arambakkam 16306:Localities 16249:Park Hyatt 15997:Diplomatic 15583:Volleyball 15194:Anna Salai 14749:Ramee Mall 14630:Madras Day 14381:Automotive 14355:TVS Motors 14265:GMR Vasavi 14202:Tidel Park 14001:Tiruvallur 13931:Pallavaram 13916:Madhavaram 13881:Anna Nagar 13751:Thiruporur 13736:Pallavaram 13708:Pallipattu 13698:Uthukottai 13688:Tiruvallur 13658:Madhavaram 13630:Tondiarpet 13595:Ayanavaram 13387:Lighthouse 13357:Amir Mahal 13320:Marshlands 13259:The Island 13193:Porur Lake 13183:Porur Lake 12964:Randor Guy 12959:S. Muthiah 12846:Chingleput 12664:Literature 12468:Kendrapara 12453:Jharsuguda 12356:Nabrangpur 12351:Malkangiri 12295:Mayurbhanj 12285:Kendrapara 12244:Sundergarh 12239:Subarnapur 12224:Jharsuguda 11997:High Court 11967:Governance 11942:Sacred fig 11793:Travancore 11704:Karukachal 11694:Mundakayam 11624:Mallapally 11559:Neendakara 11539:Parippally 11534:Kilimanoor 11483:Malampuzha 11458:Chelakkara 11418:Varappuzha 11388:Puthencruz 11383:Kolenchery 11332:Manjeshwar 11322:Mangalpady 11257:Cherukunnu 11217:Meenangadi 11157:Kodencheri 11039:Valanchery 11014:Thodupuzha 11009:Thiruvalla 10999:Thalassery 10899:Nedumangad 10869:Malappuram 10819:Kayamkulam 10814:Kattappana 10754:Chengannur 10603:Thodupuzha 10593:Thiruvalla 10583:Thalassery 10578:Thalapilly 10498:Nedumangad 10473:Mannarkkad 10458:Mallapally 10348:Kanayannur 10303:Chengannur 10173:Government 9798:Waterfalls 9704:Vijayawada 9674:Srikakulam 9559:Bhimavaram 9526:Vijayawada 9518:Metropolis 9478:Srikakulam 9388:Anakapalli 9186:Government 8754:0333729765 7628:8120605535 7165:Desai 2005 7084:Kumar 1965 7060:Price 1837 6716:Craik 2007 6151:Kumar 2003 6139:Kumar 2003 6124:Sinha 2005 6028:6 November 5695:Gough 2008 5468:Ahmed 2011 4909:Smith 1976 4885:Pirie 1883 4704:Kumar 1965 4647:Walch 1976 3896:Kulke 2004 3636:References 3504:Namboodiri 3380:, tennis, 3327:sambandham 3291:agraharams 3186:Kumbakonam 3063:Ootacamund 2976:palanquins 2940:Vysya Bank 2916:Nadar Bank 2884:Ootacamund 2773:Coimbatore 2730:Georgetown 2625:Mettur Dam 2617:Coimbatore 2561:niger seed 2392:Namboodiri 2388:Travancore 2347:among the 2335:among the 2317:See also: 2305:Statue of 2169:Travancore 2107:Coimbatore 2067:See also: 1976:St. Thomas 1965:conquered 1884:Muhammadan 1808:See also: 1781:38,199,162 1770:35,630,440 1759:31,170,631 1748:31,597,872 1718:See also: 1708:Ootacamund 1668:Malkangiri 1636:Tamil Nadu 1628:Chola Nadu 1624:Kongu Nadu 1493:Travancore 1481:Viduthalai 1419:Swarajists 1248:See also: 1185:, and the 1158:See also: 1148:Shivaji II 1069:See also: 990:Triplicane 771:Elihu Yale 724:Travancore 685:Tamil Nadu 323:49,341,810 312:Population 18556:Velachery 18531:Urapakkam 18526:Ullagaram 18521:Tirusulam 18481:Tharamani 18426:Sembakkam 18376:Perungudi 18241:Muttukadu 18221:Melkalvoy 18041:Erumaiyur 18021:Chromepet 17940:Teynampet 17865:Park Town 17830:MRC Nagar 17689:Vengathur 17679:Vellavedu 17664:Vanagaram 17619:Thandurai 17614:Thandalam 17564:Ramavaram 17559:Ramapuram 17384:Mogappair 17379:MGR Nagar 17329:Koyambedu 17299:Koduvalli 17194:Ayapakkam 17174:Arakkonam 17164:Aranvoyal 17078:VOC Nagar 16998:Vadagarai 16938:Thatchoor 16918:Sowcarpet 16883:Selavayal 16853:Royapuram 16843:Red Hills 16823:Puduvoyal 16753:Panchetti 16718:Napalayam 16553:Katupalli 16538:Karanodai 16518:Kalakkral 16513:Kaladipet 16453:Elandanur 16383:Athipattu 16053:Hospitals 15881:Arts and 15663:Education 15456:Badminton 15184:Roads and 15038:Transport 14709:Alsa Mall 14681:Kishkinta 14574:Cinépolis 14447:Kollywood 14340:The Hindu 14335:Sun Group 14255:EID Parry 14171:Velachery 14119:districts 14117:Business 14016:Velachery 13956:Royapuram 13804:Arakkonam 13766:Walajabad 13703:Tiruttani 13635:Velachery 13543:Districts 13472:Memorials 13349:monuments 13347:Heritage 13138:Long Tank 13048:Waterways 13002:Geography 12974:V. Sriram 12857:Governors 12644:Festivals 12639:Education 12498:Sambalpur 12473:Kendujhar 12443:Dhenkanal 12433:Berhampur 12341:Kandhamal 12336:Kalahandi 12234:Sambalpur 12229:Kendujhar 12219:Dhenkanal 12178:Districts 12130:Geography 12007:Elections 11975:Governors 11873:Capital: 11579:Kunnathur 11524:Kattakada 11514:Parassala 11498:Thrithala 11453:Pavaratty 11443:Puthukkad 11373:Devikulam 11237:Dharmadom 11222:Panamaram 11172:Nadapuram 11162:Balussery 11092:Kottakkal 10924:Ottapalam 10859:Koyilandy 10844:Kottakkal 10809:Kasaragod 10799:Kanhangad 10774:Guruvayur 10759:Cherthala 10749:Chavakkad 10739:Chalakudy 10719:Alappuzha 10671:Kozhikode 10518:Ottapalam 10483:Meenachil 10448:Kunnathur 10433:Kozhikode 10423:Koyilandy 10378:Kattakada 10373:Kasaragod 10323:Devikulam 10308:Cherthala 10298:Chavakkad 10288:Chalakudy 10242:Jackfruit 10148:Geography 10138:Education 10027:Districts 9724:Transport 9684:Tadipatri 9664:Proddatur 9659:Palakollu 9554:Anantapur 9398:Annamayya 9393:Anantapur 9375:Districts 9297:Blackbuck 9281:Kuchipudi 9246:Transport 9221:Education 9181:Geography 9159:Amaravati 9156:Capital: 8895:Provinces 8642:. Brill. 7384:The Hindu 7346:The Hindu 7307:The Hindu 7270:The Hindu 7177:Deol 2000 7127:The Hindu 7096:P.V. 1981 7086:pp. 52–53 6910:Böck 2000 6820:Seal 1971 6647:The Hindu 6450:cite news 6337:Mill 1996 6270:The Hindu 6237:W.S. 1973 6180:The Hindu 5528:Thangaraj 5470:pp. 392–4 4965:Frontline 4926:Frontline 4603:W.B. 2005 4546:Sify News 4505:, pp. 3–8 4503:W.B. 2005 4382:cite news 4366:The Hindu 4182:The Hindu 4164:Dutt 1999 4094:S.A. 1969 3968:Dodd 1859 3956:Read 1997 3672:The Hindu 3641:Citations 3461:Karaikudi 3415:The Hindu 3213:in 1856. 3141:Education 3107:Tata Sons 3065:in 1899. 3031:Royapuram 3020:, c. 1913 2888:Tuticorin 2836:EID Parry 2769:Mangalore 2747:alizarine 2679:, c. 1914 2677:Samalkota 2667:, c. 1913 2665:Handlooms 2646:Tuticorin 2545:jackfruit 2543:, banana 2415:zamindari 2377:mirasidar 2369:mirasidar 2365:Ekabhogam 2337:Vellalars 2251:Mauritius 2033:Tirupathi 2005:Yerukalas 1984:Tinnevely 1874:, c. 1909 1868:Gurukulam 1832:Malayalam 1804:Languages 1789:Sources: 1700:Telangana 1688:Karnataka 1582:Geography 1441:Zamindars 1308:The Hindu 1144:Thanjavur 1127:of 1857. 877:Tulu Nadu 854:Kalabhras 843:Stone Age 701:Telangana 693:Karnataka 602:1721–1949 592:1824–1948 582:1858–1947 572:1797–1813 562:1757–1858 552:1600–1757 519:1628–1633 509:1434–1833 476:1668–1954 466:1620–1869 456:1605–1825 446:1731–1813 436:1778–1785 45:1652–1950 37:1935–1950 29:1684–1935 18592:Category 18546:Vandalur 18466:Tambaram 18446:Siruseri 18421:Selaiyur 18331:Panaiyur 18301:Padappai 18291:Oragadam 18236:Mudichur 18101:Kanathur 18066:Devaneri 17930:Santhome 17920:Saidapet 17880:Periamet 17875:Pattalam 17840:Nandanam 17835:Mylapore 17825:Mambalam 17730:Broadway 17725:Alwarpet 17674:Vellanur 17579:Sevvapet 17459:Oragadam 17449:Nolambur 17319:Korattur 17264:Kakkalur 17124:Ambattur 17013:Vaikkadu 16983:Tollgate 16913:Sirunium 16768:Perambur 16613:Kosappur 16598:Kolathur 16568:Kasimedu 16468:Ernavoor 16368:Ariyalur 16338:Alamathi 16174:The Park 15999:missions 15945:Research 15514:Football 15158:Tambaram 15141:Stations 15104:Railways 14957:Churches 14813:Religion 14686:Mayajaal 14645:Techofes 14485:Covelong 14452:Madrassi 14396:Software 14374:Industry 13981:Tambaram 13961:Saidapet 13951:RK Nagar 13936:Perambur 13926:Mylapore 13911:Kolathur 13876:Ambattur 13863:Assembly 13741:Tambaram 13663:Ambattur 13620:Perambur 13615:Mylapore 13610:Mambalam 13223:Veeranam 13128:ICF Lake 13006:wildlife 12649:Language 12493:Rourkela 12483:Paradeep 12413:Baripada 12398:Balasore 12393:Balangir 12366:Rayagada 12326:Gajapati 12314:Southern 12300:Nayagarh 12260:Balasore 12214:Debagarh 12204:Balangir 12192:Northern 12184:division 12012:Politics 11724:Uzhavoor 11654:Parumala 11639:Kulanada 11634:Aranmula 11629:Kumbanad 11599:Thenmala 11589:Kadakkal 11549:Kottiyam 11448:Manaloor 11438:Kodakara 11363:Rajakkad 11348:Peermade 11252:Azhikode 11232:Peravoor 11227:Pulpally 11192:Chundale 11177:Kuttiady 11167:Perambra 11137:Olavanna 11117:Areekode 11082:Thavanur 11044:Vatakara 10984:Shoranur 10959:Payyanur 10934:Palakkad 10909:Nilambur 10884:Mattanur 10854:Kottayam 10829:Kondotty 10794:Kalpetta 10734:Attingal 10729:Angamaly 10686:Thrissur 10638:Vatakara 10608:Thrissur 10543:Peermade 10538:Payyanur 10533:Pattambi 10523:Palakkad 10508:Nilambur 10453:Kuttanad 10418:Kottayam 10398:Kondotty 10234:Karimeen 10168:Wildlife 9891:Bahmanis 9788:Churches 9745:Seaports 9740:Roadways 9736:Railways 9732:Airports 9694:Tirupati 9614:Kakinada 9604:Hindupur 9594:Guntakal 9589:Gudivada 9569:Chittoor 9488:Tirupati 9468:Prakasam 9433:Kakinada 9408:Chittoor 9269:Language 9216:Politics 9191:Language 8577:(2004). 8306:. SAGE. 8287:. SAGE. 8215:(2004). 8178:80905179 8130:(2000). 8108:(2008). 8067:(1999). 7763:(1929). 7669:(1915). 7655:(1921). 7587:(1909). 7572:(1913). 7525:(1918). 7508:(1893). 7495:Railways 7435:, p. 233 7423:, p. 174 7411:, p. 345 7251:, p. 164 7203:, p. 173 7153:Roy 2002 7074:, p. 231 7062:, p. 154 6912:, p. 177 6900:, p. 472 6858:, p. 361 6834:, p. 345 6822:, p. 103 6784:, p. 343 6760:, p. 241 6745:, p. 240 6733:, p. 239 6718:, p. 260 6621:, p. 339 6606:, p. 338 6589:, p. 383 6562:, p. 207 6517:, p. 127 6474:, p. 304 6406:, p. 322 6391:, p. 301 6379:, p. 321 6354:, p. 303 6339:, p. 134 6322:, p. 323 6301:, p. 185 6275:Archived 6227:, p. 498 6225:Eur 2002 6111:, p. 339 6099:, p. 338 6087:, p. 410 6072:, p. 263 6060:, p. 262 6048:, p. 261 6007:, p. 264 5995:, p. 222 5983:, p. 223 5971:, p. 220 5959:, p. 219 5944:, p. 216 5929:, p. 214 5914:, p. 213 5899:, p. 212 5887:, p. 211 5870:, p. 210 5858:, p. 208 5843:, p. 298 5804:, p. 354 5792:, p. 297 5775:, p. 175 5744:, p. 206 5729:, p. 205 5712:, p. 203 5697:, p. 130 5685:, p. 278 5673:, p. 274 5654:, p. 200 5639:, p. 199 5624:, p. 197 5612:, p. 196 5600:, p. 195 5585:, p. 194 5573:, p. 276 5554:, p. 193 5518:, p. 155 5506:, p. 154 5480:Rai 2011 5295:, p. 126 5283:, p. 123 5187:, p. 198 5175:, p. 232 5139:, p. 183 5035:, p. 182 5018:, p. 181 4887:, p. 110 4875:, p. 137 4863:, p. 110 4851:, p. 337 4839:, p. 141 4827:, p. 174 4810:, p. 260 4774:, p. 121 4757:, p. 120 4742:, p. 137 4718:, p. 327 4691:Archived 4605:, p. 109 4534:, p. 149 4522:, p. 116 4493:, p. 199 4478:, p. 197 4466:, p. 196 4454:, p. 190 4442:, p. 182 4430:, p. 180 4418:, p. 179 4406:, p. 168 4340:Archived 4129:Archived 4111:, p. 223 4066:, p. 418 4006:, p. 221 3982:, p. 250 3970:, p. 288 3946:, p. 255 3922:, p. 254 3910:, p. 252 3898:, p. 245 3886:, p. 251 3855:, p. 282 3843:, p. 281 3807:, p. 206 3793:Roy 2012 3656:, p. 535 3584:See also 3425:The Mail 3382:football 3350:devadasi 3311:Paraiyar 3278:system. 3245:Brahmins 3211:Saidapet 3097:piloted 3047:Mandapam 2950:and the 2739:cheroots 2578:ryotwari 2468:ryotwari 2456:peshkash 2409:zamindar 2349:Brahmins 2343:swastium 2331:kaniachi 2261:and the 2253:(1810), 2057:Devadasi 2007:and the 1957:and the 1927:Ahobilam 1923:Sringeri 1907:Lingayat 1855:Religion 1674:and the 1656:Rayagada 1652:Gajapati 1477:Hinduism 1473:Brahmins 1317:and the 1236:and the 1228:and the 1119:and the 1081:Polygars 1022:and the 1020:Golkonda 1014:and the 1012:Marathas 942:Golconda 920:Jahangir 870:polygars 783:Calcutta 746:(modern 116:Governor 18634:80°16′E 18631:13°05′N 18536:Uthandi 18476:Thaiyur 18396:Potheri 18346:Payanur 18336:Paranur 18281:Okkiyam 18261:Navalur 18161:Kovalam 18116:Karanai 18076:Illalur 18031:Egattur 18001:Alandur 17935:T Nagar 17890:Pudupet 17820:Mannady 17800:Kosapet 17790:Kilpauk 17760:Choolai 17750:Chetput 17745:Chepauk 17718:Central 17604:Surapet 17569:Sekkadu 17454:Noombal 17259:Kadavur 17219:Egattur 17199:Ayathur 17154:Annanur 17134:Athipet 17083:Voyalur 17048:Vichoor 16928:Surapet 16893:Sembium 16848:Retteri 16803:Ponneri 16738:Orakadu 16648:Madiyur 16478:Gnayiru 15883:science 15844:Medical 15535:Kabaddi 15472:Cricket 14825:Temples 14640:Saarang 14567:Cinemas 14477:Beaches 14430:General 14106:Economy 14071:Sheriff 13976:T.Nagar 13941:Ponneri 13906:Harbour 13896:Chepauk 13871:Alandur 13786:Cheyyur 13726:Alandur 13678:Ponneri 13446:Statues 13242:Islands 13203:Retteri 13017:Regions 12762:History 12749:Chennai 12691:Tourism 12669:Grammar 12634:Economy 12624:Culture 12619:Cuisine 12556:Khandua 12503:Talcher 12478:Khordha 12458:Jeypore 12438:Cuttack 12418:Bhadrak 12408:Bargarh 12361:Nuapada 12346:Koraput 12290:Khordha 12270:Cuttack 12265:Bhadrak 12253:Central 12209:Bargarh 12143:Forests 12035:Kalinga 12027:History 11766:Malabar 11761:Zamorin 11709:Pampady 11699:Vazhoor 11689:Erumely 11644:Omallur 11569:Oachira 11564:Chavara 11554:Kundara 11473:Nemmara 11468:Alathur 11378:Adimali 11341:Central 11312:Karadka 11307:Parappa 11277:Alakode 11272:Irikkur 11197:Meppadi 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