3044:, the first in South India, was built in 1853 and served as the headquarters of the Madras Railway Company. The Great Southern of India Railway Company was set up in the United Kingdom in 1853. and had its headquarters at Trichinopoly where it constructed its first railway line between Trichinopoly and Negapatam in 1859. The Madras Railway Company operated standard or broad-gauge railway lines while the Great South Indian Railway Company operated metre-gauge railway lines. In 1874, The Great Southern Indian Railway Company merged with the Carnatic Railway Company (established in 1864) and was renamed the Southern Indian Railway Company. The Southern Indian Railway Company merged with the Pondicherry Railway Company in 1891 while the Madras Railway Company merged with the Southern Mahratta Railway Company in 1908 to form the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company. A new terminus was built at
2643:
Vaigai River basin in order to irrigate the arid lands to the east of the
Western Ghats. Similarly, the Rushikulya Project was launched to utilise the waters of the Rushikulya river in Ganjam. Under the scheme over 142,000 acres (570 km) of land were brought under irrigation. The British also constructed a number of dams and canals for irrigation. An upper dam was constructed across the Kollidam river near Srirangam island. The Dowlaishwaram dam across the Godavari river, the Gunnavaram aqueduct across the Vaineteyam Godavari, the Kurnool-Cuddapah canal and the Krishna dam are examples of major irrigation works carried out by the British. In 1946β47, the total area under irrigation was 9,736,974 acres (39,404.14 km) acres which yielded a return of 6.94% on capital outlay.
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and had their own police and judicial systems such that the personal expenses of the Raja were minimal. However, landlords lost their exemption from the taxes on land if they disposed of it meaning that mortgage of land was more common than sale. Individual proprietorship of land was also common in the Telugu-speaking areas of the presidency. The chieftains of the Telugu-speaking districts had more or less maintained an independent existence for a long time, furnishing the sovereign with armies and equipment in times of war. In return, their right to revenues from land remained unmolested. During the time of the
British, most of land in the northern districts of the presidency were parcelled out among these petty "Rajahs".
2989:. The roads connecting Madras to Calcutta in the north and the kingdom of Travancore in the south served as lines of communication during wars. From the early 20th century onwards, bullock-carts and horses were gradually replaced by bicycles and motor vehicles, while motor buses were the main means of private road transportation. Presidency Transport and the City Motor Service were pioneers, operating buses manufactured by Simpson and Co. as early as 1910. The first organised bus system in Madras city was operated by Madras Tramways Corporation between 1925 and 1928. The 1939 Motor Vehicles Act imposed restrictions on public-owned bus and motor services. Most of the early bus services were operated by private agencies.
3036:
Madras-Trichinopoly road, Madras-Calcutta road, Madras-Cuddapah road and the
Sumpajee Ghaut road. A Public Works Department was initiated by Lord Dalhousie in 1852 and subsequently in 1855 an East coast canal was constructed for the purpose of easy navigation. Roadways were handled by the Public Works Secretariat which was under the control of the member of the Governor's Executive Council. The principal highways of the presidency were the Madras-Calcutta road, the Madras-Travancore road and the Madras-Calicut road. By 1946β47, the Madras Presidency had 26,201 miles (42,166 km) of metalled roads and 14,406 miles (23,184 km) of unmetalled roads, and 1,403 miles (2,258 km) of navigable canals.
2097:. The council was reduced to three members when the Madras Army was abolished in 1895. The legislative powers of this council were withdrawn as per the Government of India Act 1833 and it was reduced to the status of a mere advisory body. However, these powers were restored as per Indian Councils Act 1861. The council was expanded from time to time through the inclusion of official and non-official members and served as the main legislative body till 1935, when a legislative assembly of a more representative nature was created and legislative powers were transferred to the assembly. On India's independence on 15 August 1947, the three-member Governor's executive council was abolished.
3254:. In 1901, Madras had a male literacy rate of 11.9 percent and a female literacy rate of 0.9 percent. In 1950, when the Madras Presidency became Madras State, the literacy rate was slightly higher than the national average of 18 percent. In 1901, there were 26,771 public and private institutions with 923,760 scholars of whom 784,621 were male and 139,139 female. By 1947, the number of educational institutions had increased to 37,811 and the number of scholars to 3,989,686. Apart from colleges, in 1947 there were 31,975 public and elementary schools, 720 secondary schools for boys and 4,173 elementary and 181 secondary schools for girls. Most of the early graduates were
3584:
424:
80:
2974:
3527:
1858:
Bellary and
Anantapur districts. In the district of South Kanara, the western part of Bellary and Anantapur districts and parts of Malabar, Kannada was spoken. Malayalam was spoken in the districts of Malabar and South Kanara and the princely states of Travancore and Cochin, while Tulu was spoken in South Canara. Oriya was spoken in the districts of then Ganjam and Vizagapatam. English was spoken by Anglo-Indians and Eurasians. It was also the link language for the presidency and the official language of British India in which all government proceedings and court hearings were conducted.
3481:
2993:
3543:
3493:
1871:
2182:. All these states had a considerable degree of internal autonomy. However, their foreign policy was completely controlled by a Resident who represented the Governor of Fort St George. In case of Banganapalle, the Resident was the District Collector of Kurnool, while the District Collector of Bellary was the Resident of Sandur. The Resident of Pudukkottai from 1800 to 1840 and 1865 to 1873, was the District Collector of Tanjore, from 1840 to 1865, the District Collector of Madura and from 1873 to 1947, the District Collector of Trichinopoly.
2237:
361:
1811:
until 1852. It returned a population of 22,031,697. Subsequent enumerations were made in 1851β52, 1856β57, 1861β62, and 1866β67. The population of Madras
Presidency was tallied at 22,857,855, 24,656,509 in 1861β62 and 26,539,052 in 1866β67. The first organised census of India was conducted in 1871 and returned a population of 31,220,973 for the Madras Presidency. Since then, a census has been conducted once every ten years. The last census of British India held in 1941 counted a population of 49,341,810 for the Madras Presidency.
3562:
66:
1371:
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3120:' regular domestic passenger and airmail service from Karachi to Madras. The flight was later re-routed through Hyderabad and became bi-weekly. On 26 November 1935, Tata Sons started an experimental weekly service from Bombay to Trivandrum via Goa and Cannanore. From 28 February 1938, onwards, Tata Sons' Aviation division, now renamed Tata Airlines, began a Karachi to Colombo airmail service via Madras and Trichinopoly. On 2 March 1938, the Bombay-Trivandrum air service was extended to Trichinopoly.
2683:
2607:
2313:
1890:
2216:, the Governor of French India, began to raise native battalions in 1748, the British of Madras followed suit and established the Madras Regiment. Though native regiments were subsequently established by the British in other parts of India, the distances that separated the three presidencies resulted in each force developing divergent principles and organisations. The first reorganisation of the army took place in 1795 when the Madras army was reconstituted into the following units:
11868:
1826:
2652:
11969:
1266:
1606:
1598:
3024:
2695:
3052:. The company operated a suburban electric train service for Madras city from May 1931 onwards. In April 1944, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company was taken over by the Madras Government. In 1947, there were 4,961 miles (7,984 km) of railway in the presidency, in addition to 136 miles (219 km) of district board lines. Madras was well-connected with other Indian cities like Bombay and Calcutta and with Ceylon. The 6,776-foot (2,065 m)
18599:
2506:
2663:
10007:
2671:
3008:
9149:
1362:
95:
3132:
mail services were integrated to form the All-India
Service. On 1 October 1854, the first stamps were issued by the Imperial Postal Service. The General Post Office (GPO), Madras, was established by Sir Archibald Campbell in 1786. In 1872β73, a bimonthly sea-mail service began between Madras and Rangoon. This was followed by the commencement of a fortnightly sea-mail service between Madras and ports on the eastern coast.
3296:. The daughter in the family rarely received an education and usually helped her mother with household chores. Upon marrying, she moved to the house of her in-laws where she was expected to serve her husband and the elder members of his family. There have been recorded instances of torture and ill treatment of daughters-in-law. A Brahmin widow was expected to shave her head and was subjected to numerous indignities.
18610:
12715:
11822:
9961:
18621:
386:
1515:
2748:
Godavari, Vizagapatam and Kistna were well-known cotton-weaving centres. There was a sugar factory at Aska in Ganjam run by F. J. V. Minchin and another at
Nellikuppam in South Arcot district run by the East India Distilleries and Sugar Factories Company. In the Telugu-speaking northern districts of the presidency large quantities of tobacco were cultivated to be subsequently rolled into
3324:. There were proposed regulations in 1811 and 1823 to prevent child labour. In 1833, the British Crown and the House of Commons proposed immediate abolition of slavery in India, but East India Company decreed otherwise. All legal recognition to permit the civil status of slavery were withdrawn with the Act V of 1843 and selling of slaves became a criminal offence in 1862 under the new
2150:
from the Indian Civil
Service. The districts were sometimes sub-divided into divisions each under a Deputy Collector. The divisions were further sub-divided into taluks and union panchayats or village committees. Agencies were sometimes created in British India out of volatile, rebellion-prone areas of the presidency. The two important agencies in the Madras Presidency were the
1862:
14,276,509 Telugu-speakers, 2,861,297 speakers of
Malayalam, 1,518,579 were speakers of Kannada, 1,809,314 spoke Oriya, 880,145 spoke Hindusthani/Urdu and 1,680,635 spoke other languages. At the time of Indian independence, Tamil and Telugu speakers made up over 78% of the total population of the presidency, with Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu speakers making up the rest.
1542:, which led to violence in some places. Over 1,200 men, women, and children were jailed for their participation in such Anti-Hindi agitations while Thalamuthu and Natarasan died during the protests. In 1940, ministers of the Congress party resigned in protest over the Government of India's declaration of war on Germany without their consent. The Governor of Madras,
2145:
Godavari and
Krishna districts. Godavari district was further bifurcated into East and West Godavari districts in 1925. The Kurnool kingdom was annexed in 1839 and was constituted as a separate district of the Madras Presidency. For administrative convenience, the district of Kanara was split into North and South Kanara in 1859. North Kanara was transferred to
3148:. Telephones were introduced in the presidency in 1881 and on 19 November 1881, the first telephone exchange with 17 connections was established at Errabalu Street in Madras. A wireless telegraphy service was established between Madras and Port Blair in 1920 and in 1936, the Indo-Burma radio telephone service was established between Madras and Rangoon.
2191:
3157:
central training school was set up in Madras as per Munro's scheme. However, this system appeared to be a failure and the policy was altered in 1836 in order to promote European literature and science. The Board of Public Instruction was superseded by a Committee for Native Education. In January 1840, during the viceroyalty of
2731:
trade. Most of the sea trade was carried through the presidency's principal port of Madras. Other important ports were Gopalpur, Kalingapatnam, Bimlipatnam, Visakhapatnam, Masulipatnam, Cocanada, Madras, Cuddalore, Negapatam, Pamban and Tuticorin on the east coast along with Mangalore, Cannanore, Calicut, Cochin, Alleppey,
796:, with Madras' titulature that would persist until 1950. Judicial, legislative and executive powers rested with the Governor who was assisted by a Council whose constitution was modified by reforms enacted in 1861, 1909, 1919 and 1935. Regular elections were conducted in Madras up to the outbreak of the
3156:
The first schools offering Western-style education in the presidency were established in Madras during the 18th century. In 1822, a Board of Public Instruction was created based on the recommendations of Sir Thomas Munro, after which schools teaching students in vernacular language was established. A
2773:
while tea was grown on the slopes of the Nilgiri Hills. Coffee plantations were also established in Travancore but a severe blight at the end of the 19th century destroyed coffee cultivation in the kingdom and almost wiped out coffee plantations in neighbouring Wynad. Coffee-curing works were located
2730:
Cotton piece-goods, cotton twist and yarn, metals and kerosene oil were the main items of import while animal hides and skins, raw cotton, coffee and piece-goods were the chief exports. Raw cotton, animal hides, oil seeds, grains, pulses, coffee, tea and cotton manufactures were the main items of sea
2409:
people, who did not have to pay land-tax and held extensive freeholds of land rented to tenants for agricultural purposes. In return, the Nairs supplied the king with fighting men in times of war while the Namboodhiris managed the upkeep of Hindu temples. These landlords were somewhat self-sufficient
3131:
and was introduced on 1 June 1786. The presidency was divided into three postal divisions: Madras North up to Ganjam, Madras South-West to Anjengo (erstwhile Travancore) and Madras West, up to Vellore. In the same year, a link with Bombay was established then in 1837, the Madras, Bombay and Calcutta
2884:
The first Western-style banking institution in India was the Madras Bank which was established on 21 June 1683, with a capital of one hundred thousand pounds sterling. This was followed by the opening of the Carnatic Bank in 1788, the Bank of Madras in 1795 and the Asiatic Bank in 1804. In 1843, all
2702:
The trade of the Madras Presidency comprised that of both the presidency with other Provinces and its overseas trade. External trade made up 93 percent of the total with internal trade making up the remainder. Foreign trade accounted for 70 percent of the total while 23 percent was inter-provincial.
2144:
was made a sub-division of Tanjore district in June 1805 and remained so till August 1808 when its status as a separate district was restored. The districts of Rajahmundry (Rajamahendravaram), Masulipatnam and Guntur were created in 1823. These three districts were reorganised in 1859 into two β the
1537:
was the first chief minister of the presidency to come from the Congress party. He successfully enacted the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act and introduced both prohibition and sales taxes in the Madras Presidency. His rule is largely remembered for the use of Hindi being made compulsory
3135:
Madras was linked to the rest of the world through telegraphs in 1853 and a civilian telegraph service was introduced on 1 February 1855. Soon afterwards, telegraph lines linked Madras and Ootacamund with other cities in India. A Telegraph department was set up in 1854, with a Deputy Superintendent
2760:
dyes, Madras possessed a thriving vegetable dye manufacturing industry. The city also imported large quantities of aluminium for the manufacture of aluminium utensils. In the early 20th century, the government established the Chrome Tanning Factory which manufactured high-quality leather. The first
2496:
s, the legislation proved to be detrimental to the interests of the cultivators in the Oriya-speaking northern districts of the presidency who were the intended beneficiaries, as it tied the cultivator to his land and landlord with the chains of eternal serfdom. In 1933, an amendment to the Act was
2149:
in 1862. Between 1859β60 and 1870, the districts of Madras and Chingleput were put together into a single district. A separate Nilgiris district was carved out of Coimbatore district in 1868. As of 1908, Madras Presidency was made up of 24 districts each administered by a District Collector who was
3035:
The first organised initiative for the construction of new roads and maintenance of existing roads in the presidency was initiated in 1845 with the appointment of a special officer for the maintenance of main roads. The principal roads under the aegis of the officer were the Madras-Bangalore road,
2435:
However, the Permanent Settlement was not as successful as it had been in Bengal. When the Company did not reach the expected profit levels, a new system known as the "Village Settlement" was implemented between 1804 and 1814 in the districts of Tinnevely, Trichinopoly, Coimbatore, North Arcot and
2303:
in 1890 three madras infantry battalions were accordingly reconstituted, at least for a time, by tapping two south Indian communities which had not yet provided many recruits to the Indian army-the Mappilas and the coorgs, the government of madras was sceptical, and agreed to the formation of two
2248:
at the time consisted of one European and one native brigade of horse artillery, three battalions of foot artillery of four companies each, with four companies of lascars attached, three regiments of light cavalry, two corps of pioneers, two battalions of European infantry, 52 battalions of native
1861:
According to the 1871 census, there were 14,715,000 people who spoke Tamil, 11,610,000 people who spoke Telugu, 2,324,000 people who spoke Malayalam, 1,699,000 spoke Canarese or Kannada, 640,000 people spoke Oriya and 29,400 people spoke Tulu. The 1901 census returned 15,182,957 speakers of Tamil,
3282:
Hindus, Muslims and Christians generally followed a joint family system. The society was largely patriarchal with the eldest male member the leader of the family. Most of the presidency followed a patrilineal system of inheritance. The only exceptions were the district of Malabar and the princely
2747:
gave an impetus to cotton and textile production and led to cotton presses being established all over the presidency. In the early years of the 20th century, Coimbatore emerged as an important centre for cotton textiles and earned the epithet "Manchester of South India". The northern districts of
2204:
The English East India Company was first permitted to set up its own garrison in 1665 to guard its settlements. Notable amongst the early operations of the company's forces were the defence of the city from Mughal and Maratha invaders and from the incursions of the Nawab of Carnatic. In 1713, the
3422:
in October 1844. Lakshminarasu Chetty is also credited with the foundation of the Madras Presidency Association which was a forerunner of the Indian National Congress. The number of newspapers and periodicals published in the presidency totalled 821 in 1948. The two most popular English-language
2642:
on the Madras-Mysore border in 1934, the Mettur Dam supplied water to the western districts of the presidency. The Periyar Dam (now known as the Mullaperiyar Dam) was constructed across the Periyar river in Travancore, near the border. This project diverted the waters of the Periyar river to the
2337:
In ancient times, land appears to have been held in common with an individual unable to sell it without the consent of the other owners, who in most cases were members of the same community. Prior to the arrival of the British, the concept of individual proprietorship of land had already emerged
1857:
and English languages were all spoken in the Madras Presidency. Tamil was spoken in the southern districts of the presidency from a few miles north of Madras city as far west as the Nilgiri hills and Western Ghats. Telugu was spoken in the districts to the north of Madras city and to the east of
1810:
In 1822, the Madras Presidency underwent its first census, which returned a population of 13,476,923. A second census conducted between 1836 and 1837 recorded a population of 13,967,395, an increase of only 490,472 over 15 years. The first quinquennial population enumeration took place from 1851
1436:
was proposed against Ramarayaningar's government on 27 November 1923, but was defeated 65β44. Ramarayaningar remained in power until November 1926. The enactment in August 1921 of the first communal Government Order (G.O. No. 613), which introduced caste-based communal reservations in government
3273:
was completely reorganised on democratic lines. The bill asserted that the governing body would henceforth be headed by a Chancellor who would be assisted by a pro-Chancellor, usually the Minister of Education. Apart from the Chancellor and the pro-Chancellor who were elected, there was to be a
2789:
The presidency's fishing industry thrived, with Shark's fins, fish maws and fish curing-operations the main sources of income for fishermen. The southern port of Tuticorin was a centre of conch-fishing but Madras, along with Ceylon, was mainly known for its pearl fisheries. Pearl fisheries were
2633:
The Land Improvement and Agriculturists Loan Act passed in 1884 provided funds for the construction of wells and their utilisation in reclamation projects. In the early part of the 20th century, the Madras government established the Pumping and Boring Department to drill boreholes with electric
1289:
at Bombay in December 1885, 22 hailed from the Madras Presidency. Most of the delegates were members of the Madras Mahajana Sabha. The third session of the Indian National Congress was held in Madras in December 1887 and was a huge success attended by 362 delegates from the province. Subsequent
2844:
in 1920 with a strength of 100 members but gradually faded away and membership had reduced to three by 1923 when it had to be closed down. Nevertheless, the Madras Stock Exchange was successfully revived in September 1937 and was incorporated as the Madras Stock Exchange Association Limited.
3315:
was practised in almost all castes from Brahmins to non-Brahmins subjecting agricultural labourers to bondage for non-payment of debt. The Law Commission report on slavery in 1841 contains the indicative figures on the number of slaves, computed based on the population of specific castes of
2735:
and Colachel on the western seaboard. The port of Cochin was taken over by the Government of India on 1 August 1936, and that of Madras on 1 April 1937. There were Chambers of Commerce in Madras, Cochin and Cocanada. These chambers each nominated a member to the Madras Legislative Council.
2473:, revenue-free or quit-rent grants of lands made for religious endowments or for services rendered to the state, occupied an aggregate area of nearly 8 million acres (32,000 km). In 1945β46, there were 20,945,456 acres (84,763.25 km) of Zamindari estates yielding revenues of
2587:, 13.8 percent. Cotton occupied 1,740,000 acres (7,000 km), oilseeds, 2.08 million, spices,0.4 million and indigo, 0.2 million. In 1898, Madras produced 7.47 million tons of food grains from 21,570,000 acres (87,300 km) of crops grown on 19,300,000 acres (78,000 km) of
2338:
along India's west coast such that the new administration's land revenue system was not markedly different from that of its predecessor. Nevertheless, landlords never sold land without the consent of other members of the community. This communistic property rights system was known as
3258:. The preponderance of Brahmins in the universities and in the civic administration was one of the main causes for the growth of the Anti-Brahmin movement in the presidency. Madras was also the first province in British India where caste-based communal reservations were introduced.
3079:
The Madras Tramways Corporation was promoted in Madras city in 1892 by Hutchinsons and Co. and began operating in 1895, before even London had its own tramway system. It plied six routes in Madras linking distant parts of Madras city and covered a total of 17 miles (27 km).
945:
on the country's eastern seaboard. Masulipatinam is thus the oldest English trading post on India's east coast, dating back to 1611. In 1625, another factory was established at Armagon, a few miles to the south, whereupon both the factories came under the supervision of an
3207:
was taught, with the further disciplines of Mechanical Engineering added in 1894, Electrical Engineering in 1930 and Telecommunication and Highways in 1945. The AC College, with its emphasis on textiles and leather technology, was founded by Alagappa Chettiar in 1944. The
2299:
The 1857 Mutiny, which quickly led to drastic changes in the Bengal and Bombay armies, had no effect on the Madras Army. In 1895, the presidency armies were finally merged and the Madras regiments came under the direct control of the Commander-in-chief of British India.
2088:
of 1784 created an executive council with legislative powers to assist the Governor. The council initially consisted of four members, two of whom were from the Indian civil service or covenanted civil service and the third, an Indian of distinction. The fourth was the
2857:
were the largest private-owned business corporations at the turn of the 20th century. EID Parry manufactured and sold chemical fertilizers and sugar while the Binnys marketed cotton garments and uniforms manufactured at its spinning and weaving facility, the
3353:
s administration. The presidency's Temple Entry Authorization Act (1939) and its Temple Entry Proclamation (1936) of Travancore were aimed at elevating the status of Dalit and other low castes to a position equal to that of high-caste Hindus. In 1872,
999:(1652β1655). However, in 1655 the status of the fort was downgraded to an Agency and made subject to the factory at Surat, until 1684. In 1658, control of all the factories in Bengal was given to Madras, when the English occupied the nearby village of
1984:
was the holiest city for the Muslims of the Madras Presidency. The presidency also had one of the oldest Christian populations in India. Branches of the Syrian church, contrary to historical evidence, are popularly believed to have been instituted by
3091:
of silver to connect the city of Madras with the delta of the Kistna river at Peddaganjam. Ships of the British India Steam Navigation Company frequently docked at Madras and provided frequent services to Bombay, Calcutta, Colombo and Rangoon.
2304:
Mappila battalions only on condition they were deployed outside Malabar. Raised in 1900, the new regiments were complete failure, they soon dwindled to 600 men 'quite useless for service'. ref:The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940
7505:
Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway (Incorporated in England): Including the Tanjore District Board, Pondicherry, Peralam-Karaikkal, Travancore State, Cochin State, Coimbatore District Board, Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur, and the Nilgiri
3099:
by a pilot named G. Vlasto in October 1929. This site was later used as the Madras aerodrome. One of the early members of the club, Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar went on to establish an aerodrome in his native Chettinad. On 15 October 1932,
2062:, in 1937. The provincial government under Ramasamy Reddy passed the Madras Temple Entry Authorization Act on 11 May 1947, which was intended to give Dalits and other prohibited Hindus full and complete rights to enter Hindu temples. The
1021:. During this period, the presidency was significantly expanded and reached an extent which continued into the early 19th century. During the early years of the Madras Presidency, the English were repeatedly attacked by the Mughals, the
950:
based at Machilipatnam. The English authorities decided to relocate these factories further south, due to a shortage of cotton cloth, the main trade item of the east coast at the time. The problem was compounded when the Sultan of
3474:. Most early films were made in Coimbatore and Salem but from the 1940s onwards, Madras began to emerge as the principal centre of film production. Until the 1950s, most films in Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam were made in Madras.
1428:, Minister of Local Self-Government and Public Health, popularly known as the Raja of Panagal. The party split in late 1923 when C. R. Reddy resigned from primary membership and formed a splinter group allied with the opposition
2909:. In 1921, the Bank of Madras merged with the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Bengal to form the Imperial Bank of India. In the 19th century, the Arbuthnot Bank was one of the largest privately owned banks in the presidency. The
1411:
with provisions made for elections in the presidency. Democratically elected governments would henceforth share power with the Governor's autocratic establishment. Following the first elections held in November 1920, the
2513:
Almost 71% of the population of Madras Presidency was engaged in agriculture with the agricultural year usually commencing on 1 July. Crops cultivated in the Madras Presidency included cereals such as rice, corn, kambhu
2158:
subject to the District Collector of Ganjam. In 1936, the districts of Ganjam and Vizagapatam (including the Vizagapatam and the Ganjam agencies) were partitioned between Madras and the newly created province of Orissa.
3235:, established by Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar in Chidambaram in 1929, was the first university in the presidency to have hostel facilities Christian missionaries were pioneers in promoting education in the region. The
2578:
were introduced from Asia, Africa or Europe, while grapes were introduced from Australia. The total cultivated area used for food crops was 80% and for cash crops, 15%. Of the gross area, rice occupied 26.4 percent;
1110:
into the area militarily subordinate to the Governor of Fort St George. The largest kingdom of the hill-tract region of Visakhapatanam was Jeypore and in 1777 it was conquered by Captain Matthews. The hill tracts of
1175:
In 1858, under the terms of Queen's Proclamation issued by Queen Victoria, the Madras Presidency, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British crown. During the period of governor
2416:
When the British took over administration, the centuries-old system of land proprietorship was left intact. The new rulers appointed middlemen to collect revenue for lands which were not under the control of local
1243:. As a result of the first, the population of the presidency fell for the first time from 31.2 million in 1871 to 30.8 million in 1881. These famines and alleged partiality shown by the government in handling the
3039:
The first railway line in South India was laid between Madras and Arcot, which was opened for traffic on 1 July 1856. The line was constructed by the Madras Railway Company formed in 1845. The railway station at
16106:
1276:
A strong sense of national awakening emerged in the Madras Presidency in the later half of the 19th century. The first political organisation in the province, the Madras Native Association, was established by
2497:
introduced by the Raja of Bobbili to curb the rights of Zamindars and safeguard the cultivators from exploitation. This act was passed in the legislative council despite strong opposition from the Zamindars.
1905:(37,026,471), Muslims (2,732,931), and Christians (1,934,480). By the time of India's independence in 1947, Madras had an estimated population of 49,799,822 Hindus, 3,896,452 Muslims and 2,047,478 Christians
2001:
districts of Madras Presidency with native Christians forming over oneβquarter of the total population of the princely state of Travancore. Hill tribes of the Nilgiris, Palani and Ganjam regions such as the
2423:
s. In most cases, these go-betweens ignored the welfare of the farmers and exploited them to the full. A Board of Revenue was established in 1786 to solve the issue but to no avail. At the same time, the
126:
4372:
2034:
were not allowed inside Hindu temples. However, along with the emancipation of Indian women and removal of social evils, untouchability was slowly eradicated through legislation and social reform. The
1017:
In 1684, Fort St George Black Town where the 'natives' lived. The White Town was confined inside the walls of Fort St. George and the Black Town outside of it. The Black Town later came to be known as
2442:, or peasant farmers. However, as a village settlement had few differences compared to a permanent settlement, it was eventually discarded. In its place came the "Ryotwari Settlement" implemented by
1204:(1861β63) was the first Indian to be appointed to the council. The legal profession was specially prized by the newly emerging corpus of educated Indians. The first Indian judge to be appointed was
7734:
The history of the Indian revolt and of the expeditions to Persia, China, and Japan, 1856 β 7 β 8: With maps, plans, and wood engrav. [Umschlagt.:] Chambers"s history of the revolt in India
1557:
and withdrew it from electoral politics. After the end of the Second World War, the Indian National Congress re-entered politics, and in the absence of any serious opposition it easily won the
788:, Madras became one of three presidencies established by the East India Company. Thereafter, the head of the area was styled "Governor" rather than "President" and became subordinate to the
8826:
3212:, which introduced courses such as aeronautical and automobile engineering was established in 1949. In 1827, the first medical school in the presidency was established then followed by the
16878:
3328:. In spite of these regulations, serfdom continued and the slave population formed 12.2% – 20% of the total population in 1930 across various districts of the presidency.
2833:
569.9 million. 208,675 k.v.a of electricity was generated at the end of 1948 of which 98% was under government ownership. The total amount of power generated was 467 million units.
16883:
2450:
who paid their rent directly to the government. The land was assessed and paid revenue fixed by the Government This system had a number of advantages as well as disadvantages for the
780:
since the very early 1600s. The agency was upgraded to a Presidency in 1652 before once more reverting to its previous status in 1655. In 1684, it was re-elevated to a Presidency and
1180:(1854β1859), measures were taken to improve education and increase representation of Indians in the administration. Legislative powers were given to the Governor's council under the
2885:
the banks were merged to form the Bank of Madras. The Bank of Madras had branches in all the presidency's major cities and princely states including Coimbatore, Mangalore, Calicut,
1437:
jobs, remains one of the high points of his rule. In the following elections of 1926 the Justice Party lost. However, as no party was able to obtain a clear majority, the Governor,
995:(1648β52 and 1655β58). At the end of Greenhill's term in 1652, Fort St George was elevated to a Presidency, independent of Bantam and under the leadership of the first president,
959:(1605β73) was sent south, and after negotiations with the Raja of Chandragiri, he obtained a land grant in 1639 to set up a factory in the village of Madraspatinam where the new
16038:
1086:
From 1801 until 1858, Madras was a part of British India and was ruled by the British East India Company. The last quarter of the 18th century was a period of rapid expansion.
3620:
3379:, village fairs and plays. Men in urban areas indulged in social and communistic activities at recreational clubs, music concerts or sabhas, dramas and welfare organisations.
4701:
4626:
3583:
3526:
17279:
2881:
Between 1913 and 1914, Madras had 247 companies. In 1947, the city led in the establishment of registered factories but employed only 62% of the total productive capital.
2638:, the Periyar Project, the Cudappah-Kurnool canal and the Rushikulya Project were the biggest irrigation projects launched by the Madras Government. Constructed below the
1972:
in the princely state of Travancore. Islam was brought to the southern part of India by Arab traders although most converts were made from the 14th century onwards, when
2739:
Cotton-ginning and weaving were two of the main industries in the Madras Presidency. Cotton was produced in large quantities in the Bellary district and was pressed in
2727:
645.1 million. Trade with the United Kingdom made up 31.54% of the total trade of the presidency with Madras the chief port accounting for 49% of the total trade.
17424:
7468:
Slavery and the slave trade in British India: with notices of the existence of these evils in the islands of Ceylon, Malacca, and Penang, drawn from official documents
2465:
who paid rent directly to the Government. Zamindari estates occupied about 26 million acres (110,000 km), more than one-quarter of the whole presidency. The
12000:
8819:
2260:
in 1762, the 1795 expeditions against Ceylon and the Dutch as well as the conquest of the Spice Islands in the same year. They also took part in expeditions against
871:
and its civilisation attained a peak when the chola kings started acquiring vast places in Tamil Nadu during the 10th century. Following the conquest of Madurai by
15992:
8478:
4576:
3414:, was started on 12 October 1785, by Richard Johnston, a printer employed by the British East India Company. The first Indian-owned English-language newspaper was
2252:
Between 1748 and 1895, as with the Bengal and Bombay armies, the Madras Army had its own Commander-in-Chief who was subordinate to the president, and later to the
18638:
2413:
Islamic invasions caused minor changes in the land proprietorship system when taxes on Hindu land owners were raised and private ownership of property came down.
17704:
9089:
2206:
3309:
and were strictly forbidden from having houses in the village. They were also forbidden from entering important Hindu temples or approaching high-caste Hindus.
2038:
who served the Premier from 1932 to 1936, appointed untouchables to temple administration boards all over the presidency and reformed the administration of the
18281:
17920:
16156:
16033:
15876:
7630:
Madras in the Olden Time: Being a History of the Presidency from the First Foundation of Fort St. George to the Occupation of Madras by the French (1639β1748)
16958:
16598:
13961:
7390:
7276:
3095:
In 1917, Simpson and Co. arranged for a test flight by the first aeroplane in Madras while a flying club was established at the Mount Golf Club grounds near
863:(230 BC – AD 102). Following the decline of the Pandyas and the Cholas, the country was conquered by a little known race of people called the
16076:
15777:
14056:
8812:
6440:
3480:
1558:
1460:
17684:
17048:
12867:
10023:
3561:
2253:
17714:
16943:
16793:
13996:
7312:
18426:
18376:
18361:
17694:
17564:
17534:
17489:
17324:
17043:
17033:
16978:
16718:
16693:
16338:
16136:
6545:
3364:
system was regulated in 1927 and completely abolished on 26 November 1947. The Widow Remarriage movement was spearheaded in the Godavari district by
3165:
as the Joint Director of Public Instruction. The central school was converted to a high school in April 1841 with 67 students and in 1853 became the
3192:
was established by the Andhra University Act of 1925 and in 1937, the University of Travancore was established in the princely state of Travancore.
1455:
from the Ministry split the Justice Party once again. Fearing a no-confidence motion against him, Munuswamy Naidu resigned in November 1932 and the
18391:
17439:
17434:
17384:
17374:
17294:
17239:
16933:
16688:
16508:
15360:
13921:
12918:
3542:
18191:
18116:
18081:
17634:
17549:
17364:
17214:
16908:
16768:
16703:
16428:
16141:
16018:
9803:
8882:
3292:
Women were expected to confine themselves to indoor activities and the maintenance of the household. Muslims and high-caste Hindu women observed
2488:
The Land Estates Act of 1908 was passed by the Madras Government in order to protect cultivators in Zamindaris from exploitation. Under the act,
2063:
2334:
Revenue from land rental as well as an income tax based on the tenant's net profits from their land was the presidency's main source of income.
18576:
18306:
18286:
18181:
17584:
17504:
17494:
17379:
17354:
17304:
17063:
16953:
16898:
16653:
16628:
16543:
13986:
9932:
9927:
9551:
8940:
2329:
2256:. By custom, the Commander-in-chief of the Madras Army was a member of the Governor's Executive Council. The army's troops participated in the
2132:
were constituted as a separate district in 1799. In 1800, the districts of Bellary and Cuddapah were created out of the territory ceded by the
827:, and thereafter its Governor ruled alongside a prime minister. In the early decades of the 20th century, many significant contributors to the
6285:
4350:
875:
in 1311, there was a brief lull when both culture and civilisation began to deteriorate. The Tamil and Telugu territories recovered under the
18722:
18571:
18496:
18266:
18241:
18121:
18096:
18056:
17855:
17484:
17444:
17149:
17108:
17068:
17038:
16828:
14006:
9755:
7351:
7132:
6185:
3677:
3610:
2244:
In 1824, a second reorganisation took place, whereupon the double battalions were abolished and the existing battalions were renumbered. The
2079:
1072:
under British rule. In return, Azim-ud-Daula was entitled to one-fifth of the total revenue of the state and the honour of a 21-gun salute.
18561:
18551:
18296:
18151:
18106:
17679:
17599:
17499:
16973:
16918:
16873:
16588:
16448:
16383:
16043:
15355:
13976:
9942:
4636:
2870:, was the largest bank in the presidency until its crash in 1906. Reduced to penury, disillusioned former Indian investors established the
1041:
to unify and regulate the administration of the territories of the East India Company, the President of Madras was made subordinate to the
6652:
3387:
were especially patronised by the upper and upper-middle class Madras society. Of the sports introduced by the British in the presidency,
2026:'s government passed the Hindu Religious Endowments Bill that established government-controlled trusts in the Madras Presidency to manage
18231:
18051:
17840:
17689:
17629:
17088:
17008:
16948:
16763:
16728:
16523:
15972:
14021:
14001:
13981:
9937:
9104:
8835:
2429:
1908:
Hinduism was the predominant religion in the presidency and practised by around 88% of the population. The main Hindu denominations were
967:
of Masulipatinam was appointed as its first Agent. All the agencies along India's east coast were subordinated to the East India Company
675:
540:
7702:
2401:
where communal ownership of land did not exist. Instead, land was individual property mostly owned by the landowning gentry, to wit the
1316:
in 1916. The Home Rule Movement was organised from Madras and found extensive support in the Province. Nationalistic newspapers such as
18341:
18076:
17589:
17274:
16923:
14051:
13901:
13873:
1260:
7968:
3048:
for the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company. In 1927, the South Indian Railway Company shifted its headquarters from Madurai to
18546:
18356:
18291:
18126:
18086:
17900:
17830:
17579:
17464:
17269:
17144:
17093:
16748:
16658:
16053:
14938:
14330:
14016:
13956:
13931:
12903:
9788:
9750:
4188:
3492:
1099:
992:
79:
2454:. In 1833, Lord William Bentinck implemented a new system called the "Mahalwari" or village system under which landlords as well as
883:
and European trading companies. Between 1685 and 1947, a number of kings ruled the areas that became part of the Madras Presidency.
18727:
18396:
17314:
17053:
16823:
16028:
15802:
15762:
14011:
13941:
13926:
13891:
13843:
12750:
10668:
9793:
8707:
2050:
introduced the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act which removed all restrictions on untouchables entering Hindu temples.
649:
7989:
3247:
in Madras and the St. Peter's College at Tanjore were some of the educational institutions established by Christian missionaries.
1416:, an organisation established in 1916 to campaign for increased representation of non-Brahmins in the administration, against the
16023:
15982:
15921:
15787:
14848:
14026:
13966:
4092:
Elite Formation in Nineteenth Century South India, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tamil Culture and History
3299:
Rural society comprised villages where people of different communities lived together. Brahmins lived in separate streets called
3203:, was established as a Government Survey School in 1794 before being upgraded to an Engineering College in 1861. Initially, only
3124:
2117:
2105:
1581:, who was the chief Minister of the province when India gained independence on 15 August 1947. The Madras Presidency became the
18687:
16007:
15987:
15967:
15767:
15340:
15004:
14999:
14245:
13991:
13971:
13946:
13936:
13886:
13858:
13853:
13848:
13432:
12664:
12390:
3450:
established a station in Madras. Cinemas became popular in the 1930s and 1940s with the first film in a South Indian language,
1478:
who, unhappy with the principles and policies of the Brahmin leadership of the provincial Congress, left the party to form the
7557:
2603:, 3.25 to 5 cwt. per acre and ragi, 4.25 to 5 cwt. per acre. The average gross turnout for food crops was 6.93 cwt. per acre.
16048:
15946:
15830:
15219:
14994:
14878:
13951:
13916:
13906:
13881:
13407:
13402:
11871:
10010:
9808:
9528:
9154:
8717:
8446:
8362:
8169:
8128:
8046:
8018:
7570:
1961:
1424:
became the first Chief Minister of the Madras Presidency but resigned soon after due to declining health and was replaced by
168:
6495:
1134:
were other notable insurrections against the British rule, but the Madras Presidency remained relatively undisturbed by the
14979:
14396:
13911:
13863:
9584:
3507:
3158:
1438:
145:
9115:
6805:
4290:
16239:
15020:
14625:
14325:
14093:
13896:
13427:
12933:
9798:
9742:
9385:
3199:
in 1867, was one of the first educational institutions outside Madras. The oldest engineering college in the presidency,
2205:
Madras forces under Lieutenant John de Morgan distinguished themselves in the siege of Fort St David and in putting down
1549:
Most of the Congress leadership and erstwhile ministers were arrested in 1942, as a result of their participation in the
2070:'s the legal right to Marry and also making it illegal to dedicate girls to Hindu temples was passed on 9 October 1947.
18697:
18682:
15962:
15410:
14989:
14843:
14146:
12893:
12691:
8315:
The Economics of Elementary Education in India: The Challenge of Public Finance, Private Provision, and Household Costs
6028:
5011:
1543:
4695:
4139:
15716:
15345:
15132:
14858:
14835:
11990:
9947:
9357:
9044:
9039:
8782:
8696:
8677:
8658:
8635:
8616:
8597:
8575:
8547:
8526:
8507:
8488:
8467:
8418:
8388:
8341:
8322:
8303:
8284:
8254:
8235:
8213:
8150:
8106:
8087:
8065:
7999:
7978:
7957:
7938:
7919:
7900:
7879:
7825:
7607:
2108:, known as the "jaghire" of Chingleput, obtained in 1763, was the first district in the Madras Presidency. Salem and
2100:
The origins of Madras Presidency lay in the village of Madraspatnam which was obtained in 1640. This was followed by
1924:
doctrine was quite popular. Worship of village gods was strong in the southern districts of the presidency while the
1730:
322:
17:
8265:
7890:
1281:
on 26 February 1852. However, the organisation did not last long. The Madras Native Association was followed by the
16269:
16264:
16091:
15941:
15916:
15350:
14948:
12913:
11857:
9996:
9783:
9778:
9049:
8457:
4316:
3240:
1702:
1456:
1050:
578:
7398:
7284:
17750:
16146:
15696:
15158:
10681:
9773:
9137:
9029:
4674:
2039:
1177:
242:
15681:
1334:
actively endorsed the campaign for independence. India's first trade union was established in Madras in 1918 by
1224:
of the Madras High Court for a few months in 1893, thereby becoming the first Indian to hold the post. In 1899,
18041:
16081:
15977:
15845:
15840:
15835:
15163:
14984:
14898:
14883:
14391:
14061:
13357:
12541:
12027:
10696:
10676:
9393:
9211:
8888:
8763:
7637:
3458:, released in 1916. The first sound films in Tamil and Telugu were made in 1931 while the first Kannada talkie
3209:
3200:
2151:
1940:
were regarded as the centres of the Hindu faith. Of the Hindu temples, the largest and most important were the
1408:
1045:
based in Calcutta. In September 1746, Fort St George was captured by the French, who ruled Madras as a part of
816:
226:
157:
6701:
1538:
in educational institutions, a measure which made him highly unpopular as a politician and sparked widespread
18707:
18624:
17229:
16274:
15931:
15792:
15445:
15335:
15066:
14754:
14749:
14275:
9473:
9099:
9034:
6466:
4700:. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1975.
4398:
3217:
2859:
2752:. Trichinopoly, Madras and Dindigul were the main cheroot-producing areas. Until the discovery of artificial
1706:
525:
2436:
South Arcot. This involved the leasing of land to the principal cultivators, who in turn leased the land to
1232:
of the Madras Presidency. A number of roads, railways, dams and canals were constructed during this period.
15881:
14853:
14406:
14370:
14270:
14088:
14066:
13285:
12948:
12943:
12743:
11939:
11921:
11912:
11903:
11895:
11137:
10701:
10691:
9196:
9094:
9009:
7861:
T., Osborne; C. Hitch; A. Millar; John Rivington; S. Crowder; B. Law & Co; T. Longman; C. Ware (1765).
7322:
3499:
3358:
established the Widow Remarriage Association in Madras and advocated the remarriage of Brahmin widows. The
3345:
system was abolished by the Marmakkathayam Law of 1933. Numerous measures were taken to improve the lot of
3312:
3083:
The chief navigable waterways in the presidency were the canals in the Godavari and the Kistna deltas. The
2761:
brewery in the presidency was founded in the Nilgiri Hills in 1826. Coffee was cultivated in the region of
2043:
1941:
1533:
In 1937, the Indian National Congress was elected to power in the Presidency of Madras for the first time.
1351:
1240:
1197:
1193:
1007:
828:
642:
276:
65:
6549:
18692:
17429:
16161:
16111:
16086:
16071:
15911:
15425:
15173:
14868:
14305:
14046:
13300:
12188:
12045:
11995:
11985:
10686:
10045:
10037:
9734:
9256:
9231:
9191:
8977:
8930:
7837:
Slavery in America: With Notices of the Present State of Slavery and the Slave Trade Throughout the World
7584:
7516:
3419:
1546:, took over the administration and the unpopular law was eventually repealed by him on 21 February 1940.
1534:
1523:
1464:
1278:
1236:
1038:
754:
8267:
Land and Caste in South India: Agricultural Labor in the Madras Presidency During the Nineteenth Century
94:
18717:
18677:
16189:
15797:
15772:
15711:
15691:
15254:
15224:
14958:
14928:
14401:
14375:
14217:
13316:
13218:
13016:
12826:
12130:
11948:
11930:
11498:
9226:
9084:
9079:
3625:
3332:
3166:
3001:
1290:
sessions of the Indian National Congress took place in Madras in 1894, 1898, 1903 1908, 1914 and 1927.
452:
2213:
16171:
16126:
16096:
15640:
15435:
15415:
15097:
14953:
14908:
14553:
13542:
13494:
13422:
13372:
13095:
13034:
12148:
9818:
9765:
9246:
9221:
9216:
9186:
9062:
8955:
7522:
Memorandum of progress of the Madras Presidency during the last forty years of British Administration
3400:
3144:
telegraph line established in 1858, was extended to Madras in 1882, thereby connecting the city with
3028:
2973:
2443:
2317:
2155:
2129:
2055:
1650:
1445:
and nominated its supporting members. In the election of 1930, the Justice Party was victorious, and
1293:
1244:
1154:
1103:
1042:
947:
789:
4342:
1094:
added vast areas of land and contributed to the exponential growth of the presidency. The system of
18712:
17018:
16743:
16738:
16284:
16209:
15926:
15906:
15701:
15239:
15234:
15168:
15142:
15137:
14974:
13499:
13290:
12938:
12125:
12050:
11287:
11212:
10711:
10628:
10608:
10270:
9251:
9241:
8992:
8277:
Motivation And Morale in Banking Administration: A Study Of Four Branches Of United Commercial Bank
7696:
7663:
6275:
3236:
3228:
3162:
3069:
3065:
2997:
2926:
2281:
2141:
1578:
1519:
1286:
1285:
which was started on 16 May 1884. Of the 72 delegates who participated in the first session of the
1189:
1185:
1181:
11835:
8609:
The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century
7361:
7142:
6195:
4932:
3687:
879:, founded in 1336. Following the empire's demise, the country was split amongst numerous sultans,
18256:
16234:
15901:
15871:
15866:
15420:
15279:
14800:
14764:
14452:
14447:
13463:
13321:
12989:
12953:
12736:
12576:
12556:
12523:
12115:
12055:
10055:
9866:
9493:
9178:
9067:
9014:
8775:
Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources
7771:
3365:
3244:
3178:
2595:
lands, which supported a population of 28 million. The rice yield was 7 to 10 cwt. per acre, the
2293:
2257:
1965:
1433:
1158:
1150:
635:
12591:
9974:
2622:
Irrigation along the east coast is carried out mostly by means of dams across rivers, lakes and
2386:
to the village administration. They also paid a specified sum to the Government. In return, the
2030:
and prevent potential misuse of their funds. Until the early years of the 20th century, certain
17639:
16798:
16648:
16638:
16633:
16513:
16204:
16121:
15861:
15782:
15686:
15229:
15025:
14790:
14355:
14300:
14280:
14071:
13468:
13447:
13382:
12908:
12285:
10774:
10328:
10138:
9513:
9503:
9428:
9024:
6662:
3573:
3213:
3128:
2432:
proved highly successful and was later implemented in the Madras Presidency from 1799 onwards.
2113:
1969:
1953:
1421:
1387:
1205:
960:
934:
903:
835:, a state of the Indian Union at the inauguration of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950.
769:
423:
199:
187:
11867:
8804:
7586:
Provincial Geographies of India:The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and Associated States
2981:
In the early days of the agency, the only means of transportation were bullock-carts known as
2719:
66.2 million. At the time of India's independence, imports of the presidency amounted to
2140:, Madura and Tinnevely were created out of the territories of the erstwhile Carnatic kingdom.
17284:
16678:
16388:
16294:
16244:
16214:
16194:
16151:
16063:
15726:
15494:
15244:
14923:
14888:
14681:
14538:
14533:
14528:
14505:
14340:
14335:
14315:
14310:
13766:
13509:
13238:
13168:
13148:
12100:
11808:
11724:
11262:
10849:
10418:
9906:
9886:
9846:
9508:
9073:
8966:
8352:
3877:
3600:
3568:
2837:
2035:
1945:
1674:
1586:
1539:
1479:
1413:
1394:
1339:
1282:
1081:
956:
598:
568:
303:
18702:
18251:
17790:
17785:
17259:
17179:
17013:
16353:
15812:
15757:
15731:
15673:
15635:
15440:
15309:
15289:
15048:
14933:
14903:
14589:
14295:
14260:
13741:
13728:
13570:
13514:
13442:
13347:
13295:
13118:
13080:
13012:
12979:
12888:
12883:
12856:
12571:
12366:
12080:
11977:
11850:
10558:
10323:
10183:
9989:
9339:
9315:
9145:
8756:
The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940 Studies in Military and Strategic History
8537:
4975:
3615:
3451:
3392:
3232:
3174:
3170:
3123:
The first organised postal service was established between Madras and Calcutta by Governor
2992:
2958:
2934:
2740:
2393:
The proprietary system was entirely different in the district of Malabar and the states of
2059:
1301:
1225:
1095:
1018:
742:
71:
10006:
4670:
4196:
3231:, established in 1842, is the oldest Hindu educational institution in the presidency. The
3181:
and Caroll V. Visvanatha Pillai of Ceylon were the first to graduate from the University.
8:
18481:
17955:
16713:
16643:
16563:
16553:
16518:
16443:
16254:
16249:
16229:
16199:
15936:
15489:
15450:
15430:
15314:
15304:
15092:
14873:
14823:
14734:
14706:
14645:
13771:
13703:
13655:
13635:
13565:
13504:
13269:
12923:
12841:
12654:
12649:
12546:
12361:
12305:
12295:
12254:
12249:
12234:
12194:
12140:
12085:
12017:
11916:
10513:
10158:
10148:
10090:
9911:
9841:
9488:
9398:
9331:
9275:
9130:
8138:
8075:
7732:
7618:
2446:
between 1820 and 1827. According to the new system, land was handed over directly to the
2085:
2011:
1820:
1678:
1654:
1550:
1248:
919:
907:
785:
7804:
7520:
18111:
17875:
17624:
17569:
17469:
17334:
16983:
16853:
16398:
16259:
16116:
15736:
15568:
15473:
15405:
15299:
15294:
15249:
14943:
14863:
14714:
14477:
14429:
14360:
14250:
14171:
14116:
13791:
13756:
13663:
13519:
13397:
13163:
13138:
12898:
12810:
12795:
12772:
12351:
12346:
12244:
12239:
12229:
12178:
12173:
12095:
12075:
12022:
10653:
10498:
10478:
10178:
10110:
10095:
10075:
10060:
10028:
9871:
9826:
9423:
9408:
9403:
9347:
8895:
8799:
8647:
7784:
7761:
7681:
7537:
7494:
7470:. T. Ward, and to be had at the office of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery society.
6460:
4392:
3430:
3355:
3182:
2744:
2743:, Madras. The scarcity of cotton in Lancashire caused by a decline in trade due to the
2390:
s demanded non-interference by the government in the internal affairs of the villages.
2163:
2090:
2047:
1993:
who visited the Malabar coast in 52 AD Christians were mainly concentrated in the
1986:
1562:
1446:
1380:
1370:
1335:
1305:
1297:
1209:
1057:
915:
911:
876:
820:
801:
765:
618:
558:
290:
8561:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
2223:
Artillery β Two European battalions of five companies each, with fifteen companies of
1617:. Present-day territories that were once part of the presidency are the whole Indian
768:
purchased the village of Madraspatnam and one year later it established the Agency of
18071:
17885:
17880:
17760:
17740:
16623:
16608:
16378:
16184:
15531:
15127:
14913:
14893:
14620:
14568:
14500:
14285:
14156:
14081:
14076:
13786:
13781:
13693:
13683:
13600:
13473:
13259:
13223:
13183:
13128:
13113:
12862:
12836:
12701:
12644:
12634:
12629:
12551:
12376:
12336:
12310:
12270:
12224:
12214:
12153:
12037:
12007:
11793:
11669:
11589:
11503:
11317:
11004:
10583:
10458:
10188:
10173:
10143:
10133:
10085:
10080:
10065:
9901:
9861:
9498:
9478:
9443:
9418:
8972:
8945:
8872:
8867:
8778:
8759:
8713:
8692:
8673:
8654:
8631:
8612:
8593:
8571:
8543:
8522:
8503:
8484:
8463:
8442:
8414:
8384:
8358:
8337:
8318:
8299:
8280:
8250:
8231:
8209:
8192:
8184:
8165:
8146:
8124:
8102:
8083:
8061:
8042:
8014:
7995:
7974:
7953:
7934:
7915:
7896:
7892:
A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century
7875:
7821:
7815:
7633:
7603:
7566:
5007:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3605:
3467:
3404:
3325:
3270:
3204:
3189:
2942:
2854:
2394:
2269:
2171:
2167:
2146:
2125:
2051:
1666:
1662:
1554:
1499:
1213:
1201:
1146:
1142:
1087:
968:
746:
738:
730:
726:
683:
856:. The first prominent rulers of the northern part of the future Presidency were the
18602:
18471:
18451:
18216:
17815:
17780:
17649:
17058:
16968:
16538:
16101:
15600:
15510:
15387:
15284:
14795:
14774:
14739:
14671:
14630:
14563:
14520:
14141:
13806:
13761:
13746:
13718:
13708:
13698:
13668:
13640:
13605:
13592:
13575:
13560:
13243:
13153:
13070:
12850:
12696:
12624:
12371:
12356:
12300:
12280:
12275:
12219:
11907:
11776:
11739:
11433:
11217:
11192:
10508:
10193:
10153:
10100:
9896:
9876:
9851:
9483:
9468:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9413:
7863:
The Modern part of a universal history from the Earliest Account of Time, Vol XLIII
4555:
Kumar, P. C. Vinoj (10 September 2003). "Anti-Hindi sentiments still alive in TN".
3533:
3084:
2930:
2922:
2867:
2639:
2623:
2611:
2367:
2285:
2109:
2054:
of Travancore had issued a similar had earlier introduced similar legislation, the
1998:
1690:
1670:
1313:
1229:
976:
797:
772:, precursor of the Madras Presidency, although there had been Company factories at
497:
3349:
outcasts. The Thirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams Act (1933), included Dalits in the
2606:
515:
18501:
18001:
17609:
17559:
17524:
17249:
17219:
17159:
17129:
17073:
16683:
16673:
16668:
16583:
16413:
16343:
15807:
15752:
15605:
15552:
15515:
14320:
14255:
13814:
13776:
13713:
13645:
13437:
13178:
13158:
13133:
13103:
13039:
12853:
12800:
12674:
12611:
12601:
12531:
12341:
12290:
12120:
12105:
12070:
12060:
11952:
11843:
11798:
11132:
10959:
10383:
10220:
10168:
10163:
10120:
10105:
10070:
10050:
9982:
9891:
9881:
9856:
9831:
9518:
9438:
9323:
9283:
9201:
9019:
9004:
8862:
8408:
6499:
4970:
3447:
3435:
3285:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3049:
2910:
2515:
2469:, or tribute, payable to the government in perpetuity was about Β£330,000 a year.
2265:
2236:
2023:
2015:
1838:
1658:
1618:
1475:
1459:
was appointed Chief Minister in his place. The Justice Party eventually lost the
1425:
1417:
1107:
1069:
1065:
1034:
927:
868:
366:
307:
253:
2829:
2.36 crores and revenue fund, Rs.5.02 crores. Total expenditure for 1946β47 was
2485:
72,665,330. Madras had forest coverage of 15,782 square miles (40,880 km).
2162:
There were five princely states subordinate to the Madras government. They were
1825:
18506:
18446:
18416:
18366:
18321:
18141:
17915:
17795:
17669:
17399:
17344:
17254:
17028:
16818:
16733:
16493:
16468:
16373:
16289:
16219:
16179:
15706:
15214:
14918:
14744:
14604:
14558:
14176:
13751:
13673:
13630:
13625:
13620:
13417:
13387:
13264:
13228:
13208:
13188:
12619:
12561:
12331:
12209:
12090:
11539:
11473:
11257:
11222:
11034:
10999:
10974:
10964:
10954:
10814:
10578:
10548:
10408:
10378:
10373:
10260:
10236:
10212:
10128:
9836:
9689:
9574:
9433:
9370:
9236:
9158:
9123:
8982:
8960:
8950:
8935:
8116:
7950:
Culture, creation, and procreation: concepts of kinship in South Asian practice
7667:
7580:
7533:
7477:
Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency
6809:
4294:
3380:
3045:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2906:
2682:
1834:
1622:
1614:
1123:
894:, has a distinct history, language, and culture from its eastern counterparts.
860:
857:
758:
691:
687:
608:
442:
415:
117:
2662:
2492:
s were made permanent occupants of the land. However, far from protecting the
1870:
1049:
until 1749, when Madras was handed back to the British under the terms of the
963:
was built. An agency was created to govern the new settlement, and the factor
18671:
18653:
18640:
18521:
18516:
18461:
18421:
18381:
18236:
18201:
18176:
18101:
18046:
17980:
17719:
17654:
17644:
17619:
17604:
17514:
17474:
17234:
17169:
17124:
17083:
16963:
16868:
16803:
16723:
16573:
16503:
16483:
16453:
16438:
16423:
16333:
16224:
16131:
15610:
15584:
15536:
15319:
15209:
15122:
14769:
14686:
14472:
14467:
14240:
14207:
13796:
13736:
13688:
13489:
13143:
13108:
13085:
13049:
13044:
12928:
12846:
12805:
12790:
12659:
12315:
12163:
12012:
11934:
11786:
11781:
11694:
11659:
11629:
11624:
11529:
11418:
11152:
10929:
10914:
10754:
10573:
10563:
10523:
10413:
10363:
10343:
10303:
9719:
9634:
9541:
9206:
8925:
8920:
8913:
8223:
8011:
Mr Hopkins' Men: Cambridge Reform and British Mathematics in the 19th Century
7706:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 288β291.
7691:
7595:
3548:
3384:
3372:
3251:
3127:
in 1712. After reform and regularisation, a new postal system was started by
3117:
3109:
3061:
3053:
3016:
3012:
2850:
2615:
2559:
2519:
2289:
2273:
2101:
1854:
1850:
1626:
1442:
1324:
1221:
1127:
1116:
1061:
955:
started harassing the local officers. The East India Company's administrator
880:
773:
679:
11758:
8181:
A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present
6032:
3250:
The Madras Presidency had the highest literacy rate of all the provinces in
2190:
800:
in 1938. By 1908, the province comprised twenty-two districts, each under a
18614:
18526:
18441:
18331:
18226:
18206:
18156:
18061:
18036:
18026:
18021:
17910:
17895:
17870:
17860:
17765:
17745:
17594:
17529:
17419:
17414:
17409:
17199:
17103:
16988:
16788:
16433:
16408:
16363:
16279:
15630:
15274:
15082:
14729:
14724:
14635:
14548:
14543:
14510:
14457:
14202:
14186:
14166:
14161:
14151:
14136:
13615:
13610:
13392:
13342:
13123:
13075:
12719:
12679:
12433:
12168:
12158:
12110:
12065:
11943:
11826:
11744:
11729:
11679:
11619:
11614:
11604:
11584:
11488:
11443:
11438:
11423:
11363:
11312:
11272:
11252:
11162:
11157:
11097:
11029:
10939:
10904:
10859:
10844:
10789:
10633:
10598:
10538:
10503:
10473:
10438:
10423:
10403:
10368:
10353:
10338:
10293:
9965:
9724:
9649:
9463:
9365:
8196:
7721:
7677:
4132:
3589:
Refreshment stall at a railway station in the Madras Presidency, c. a. 1895
3552:
3396:
2694:
2651:
2551:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2175:
2136:
of Hyderabad. In 1801, the districts of North Arcot, South Arcot, Nellore,
2027:
1990:
1582:
1471:
1429:
1309:
1269:
1217:
1135:
1091:
1046:
964:
942:
832:
482:
472:
379:
14584:
11968:
8628:
The Regional Roots of Developmental Politics in India: A Divided Leviathan
7695:
2022:, worshiped tribal gods and were often classified as Hindus. In 1921, the
906:(1533β1603) granted a group of English merchants a charter to establish a
18371:
18276:
18261:
18211:
18186:
18166:
18161:
18146:
18136:
18091:
18016:
17905:
17820:
17805:
17709:
17664:
17539:
17519:
17404:
17359:
17299:
17289:
17264:
17224:
17139:
17078:
16753:
16603:
16558:
15721:
15087:
14676:
14594:
14290:
13678:
13412:
13337:
13198:
13173:
13065:
12831:
12686:
12669:
12586:
12581:
12536:
12438:
11925:
11886:
11766:
11684:
11674:
11554:
11413:
11403:
11297:
11292:
11277:
11142:
11117:
11107:
11044:
11014:
10979:
10924:
10899:
10874:
10834:
10799:
10623:
10488:
10453:
10448:
10398:
9679:
9639:
9375:
8998:
8839:
3266:
3141:
3023:
2954:
2946:
2918:
2914:
2871:
2547:
2245:
2199:
2094:
1973:
1913:
1642:
1630:
1605:
1597:
1330:
1170:
1131:
996:
988:
872:
852:
from this portion of the subcontinent shows inhabitation as early as the
588:
462:
236:
220:
4320:
2670:
1122:
The period also witnessed a number of rebellions starting with the 1806
18511:
18466:
18411:
18401:
18351:
18326:
18316:
18221:
18196:
18131:
18006:
17996:
17970:
17965:
17960:
17935:
17925:
17825:
17659:
17509:
17454:
17449:
17369:
17349:
17319:
17244:
17189:
17154:
17098:
17003:
16998:
16913:
16888:
16843:
16838:
16808:
16783:
16758:
16708:
16618:
16613:
16568:
16533:
16498:
16418:
16403:
16368:
15204:
14759:
14640:
14365:
14212:
13367:
13203:
13193:
12974:
12969:
12639:
12478:
12463:
11803:
11714:
11704:
11634:
11569:
11549:
11544:
11493:
11468:
11428:
11398:
11393:
11342:
11332:
11267:
11227:
11167:
11049:
11024:
11019:
11009:
10909:
10879:
10829:
10824:
10764:
10613:
10603:
10593:
10588:
10483:
10468:
10358:
10313:
9714:
9684:
9569:
9536:
8585:
7991:
The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660β1760
7817:
Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources
7796:
Madras, the Birth Place of British India: An Illustrated Guide with Map
7386:
7347:
7272:
6478:
6476:
6358:
6356:
6181:
3514:
3376:
3337:
3301:
3196:
3073:
2894:
2875:
2783:
2711:
11.52 crores. During the same year, exports to other countries reached
2635:
2627:
2571:
2402:
2398:
2179:
1894:
1718:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1503:
1000:
923:
886:
The southwestern portions of the presidency, which together constitute
781:
734:
695:
2703:
In 1900β01, imports from other provinces of British India amounted to
1889:
18566:
18541:
18536:
18531:
18491:
18436:
18386:
18031:
17950:
17699:
17674:
17574:
17394:
17389:
17339:
17309:
17204:
17184:
17174:
16928:
16893:
16863:
16833:
16663:
16593:
16548:
16528:
16463:
16393:
14719:
14691:
14350:
14345:
14265:
14181:
13835:
12984:
12508:
12483:
12453:
12443:
11534:
11524:
11508:
11463:
11453:
11383:
11247:
11232:
11182:
11172:
11102:
10934:
10869:
10854:
10819:
10809:
10784:
10769:
10759:
10749:
10729:
10528:
10493:
10443:
10433:
10388:
10333:
10318:
10308:
10298:
10252:
9694:
9674:
9669:
9564:
9307:
9291:
9169:
8332:
Mill, John Stuart; John M. Robson; Martin Moir; Zawahir Moir (1996).
7474:
7356:
7317:
7137:
6657:
6280:
6190:
5466:
5454:
5442:
5427:
5415:
5396:
5384:
5369:
5357:
5345:
5324:
5171:
5159:
5123:
5096:
5081:
4859:
4806:
4726:
3682:
3471:
3425:
3041:
3007:
2986:
2898:
2886:
2846:
2779:
2775:
2757:
2687:
2656:
2555:
2374:
in the village were vested in a single individual who was called the
2347:
2312:
2261:
1994:
1878:
1842:
1710:
1698:
1451:
1318:
887:
864:
853:
711:
703:
8080:
Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India
6473:
6393:
6353:
6305:
6303:
5963:
5961:
5948:
5946:
5933:
5931:
5918:
5916:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5862:
5860:
5806:
5748:
5746:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5716:
5714:
5658:
5656:
5643:
5641:
5604:
5602:
5177:
3305:. Untouchables lived outside village limits in small hamlets called
3169:
with the addition of a college department. On 5 September 1857, the
2461:
By the early 20th century, the greater part of the land was held by
937:
in India on behalf of the company. The first of these were built at
18556:
18476:
18456:
18431:
18311:
18301:
18246:
18171:
17940:
17930:
17890:
17850:
17845:
17835:
17735:
17459:
17329:
17134:
17023:
16778:
16578:
16478:
16348:
14696:
14655:
14599:
14495:
14462:
13233:
12596:
12503:
12493:
12423:
12408:
12403:
11865:
11734:
11664:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11609:
11599:
11559:
11458:
11448:
11373:
11358:
11242:
11237:
11202:
11187:
11177:
11147:
11127:
11092:
11054:
10994:
10969:
10944:
10919:
10894:
10864:
10839:
10804:
10744:
10739:
10648:
10618:
10553:
10543:
10533:
10518:
10463:
10428:
10244:
9704:
9624:
9614:
9604:
9599:
9579:
8480:
Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891β1970
6705:
6684:
6682:
6680:
5039:
5037:
5035:
4969:
Parvathi Menon (2000). Alice Thorner; Maithreyi Krishnaraj (eds.).
4812:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4761:
4759:
4497:
4495:
3948:
3924:
3912:
3888:
3360:
3321:
3255:
3221:
3057:
2675:
2505:
2419:
2359:
2321:
2154:
which was subject to the District Collector of Vizagapatam and the
2067:
1937:
1933:
1917:
1487:
1483:
1265:
1030:
975:. By 1641, Fort St George became the company's headquarters on the
952:
930:
793:
4379:. 13 September 2003. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009
3399:
were the most popular. An annual cricket tournament, known as the
3368:. Most of the pioneers of social reform were Indian nationalists.
1361:
18486:
18406:
18346:
18271:
18011:
17945:
17810:
17800:
17770:
17755:
17614:
17209:
17164:
16993:
16938:
16903:
16858:
16813:
16773:
16488:
14650:
13377:
13213:
12759:
12566:
12513:
12488:
12468:
12448:
12428:
12418:
11958:
11771:
11719:
11709:
11699:
11654:
11579:
11574:
11564:
11483:
11478:
11388:
11322:
11282:
11207:
11197:
11122:
11112:
11087:
11064:
10989:
10984:
10884:
10724:
10658:
10643:
10568:
10283:
10228:
10004:
9654:
9644:
9629:
9299:
8275:
Kumar, Naresh (2003). "Historical Background of Banking System".
8030:
The Growth of public opinion in the Madras Presidency (1858β1909)
6824:
6300:
5997:
5985:
5973:
5958:
5943:
5928:
5913:
5901:
5884:
5872:
5857:
5743:
5726:
5711:
5653:
5638:
5626:
5614:
5599:
5587:
5556:
4631:
3517:
3388:
3371:
Traditional pastimes and forms of recreation in rural areas were
3137:
2902:
2791:
2753:
2749:
2523:
2277:
2007:
1977:
1957:
1949:
1921:
1909:
1882:
1874:
1846:
1686:
1566:
1404:
1022:
824:
777:
108:
15993:
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (India)
8519:
Encyclopaedia of violence against women and dowry death in India
8188:
7776:
History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
6677:
6625:
6623:
6610:
6608:
6606:
5847:
5845:
5830:
5818:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5141:
5032:
5020:
5001:
4971:"Ideals, Images and Real Lives: Women in Literature and History"
4956:
Untouchability in India: implementation of the law and abolition
4877:
4771:
4756:
4492:
4480:
4468:
4456:
4444:
4432:
4420:
3486:
A Westernized middle-class urban Tamil Brahmin couple. c.a .1945
2965:
were some of the leading banks headquartered in the presidency.
1490:, and Hindu superstitions in periodicals and newspapers such as
745:
to the north. Some parts of the presidency were also flanked by
18336:
18066:
17975:
17865:
17775:
17544:
17479:
16848:
16698:
16473:
16458:
16358:
12458:
12413:
11875:
11594:
11408:
11378:
11368:
11337:
11327:
11059:
10949:
10889:
10794:
10638:
10348:
10014:
9699:
9664:
9659:
9619:
9609:
9589:
8834:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6638:
4901:
4732:
4536:
3714:
3446:
Regular radio service in the presidency commenced in 1938 when
3317:
3293:
3145:
3113:
2890:
2863:
2841:
2786:. In 1947, Madras had 3,761 factories with 276,586 operatives.
2770:
2732:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2543:
2224:
2137:
2121:
2031:
2019:
1981:
1929:
1714:
1682:
1613:
At its greatest extent, the Madras Presidency included much of
1145:
in 1831 on allegations of maladministration and restored it to
1112:
891:
849:
750:
715:
707:
699:
7549:
Madras Tercentenary Celebration Committee Commemoration Volume
5129:
3621:
List of colonial governors and presidents of Madras Presidency
3177:
as a model with the first examinations held in February 1858.
1474:
movement emerged in the Madras Presidency. It was launched by
17554:
17194:
14235:
12398:
11689:
11302:
11039:
10779:
10734:
10719:
10393:
10288:
10278:
9594:
9559:
8987:
7465:
7058:
7046:
7034:
6860:
6836:
6786:
6620:
6603:
6591:
5842:
5789:
5687:
5668:
5568:
5438:
5436:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5380:
5378:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
4507:
3346:
2766:
2762:
2666:
Textile showroom of M. V. Cunniah Chetty and Sons, circa 1914
2382:
s were required to donate a certain amount of money known as
2133:
2003:
1925:
1902:
1694:
1514:
1235:
Two large famines occurred in Madras during this period, the
1026:
938:
812:
with villages making up the smallest unit of administration.
784:
was appointed as president. In 1785, under the provisions of
404:
8162:
Mining the home movie: excavations in histories and memories
8099:
Regional Surveys of the world: Far East and Australasia 2003
7662:
7620:
Hand-book to the cotton cultivation in the Madras presidency
6635:
5119:
5117:
5092:
5090:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4271:
4259:
2112:
districts were obtained from Tipu Sultan in 1792 as per the
12498:
12473:
11307:
9709:
3088:
2531:
2438:
2406:
972:
719:
112:
12728:
7910:
Anantha Raman, Sita; Vasantha Surya; A. MΔtavaiyΔ (2005).
7872:
A field of one's own: gender and land rights in South Asia
6540:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6410:
6408:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6091:
6089:
6052:
6050:
5460:
5448:
5433:
5421:
5402:
5390:
5375:
5363:
5351:
5330:
5318:
5315:
The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940, Page:16
4853:
4720:
4247:
4235:
2707:
13.43 crores while exports to other provinces amounted to
1441:, set up a cross-party government under the leadership of
897:
686:. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of
8039:
Religion and nationalism in India: the case of the Punjab
6694:
6581:
6579:
6145:
6143:
5114:
5087:
5064:
4865:
4519:
8160:
Ishizuka, Karen L.; Zimmermann, Patricia Rodden (2008).
7593:
7022:
7010:
6998:
6774:
6564:
6420:
5496:
4800:
4577:"Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891β1970, Chapter 4"
4570:
4568:
4566:
4309:
4180:
3265:
was passed after its introduction by Education Minister
3185:
was the first Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University.
1037:. In September 1774, by Pitt's India Act, passed by the
432:, distributed by the British Information Services (1942)
9090:
List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)
8432:. Malaviya Adhyayan Sansthan, Banaras Hindu University.
7342:
7340:
7205:
7181:
7004:
6531:
6514:
6405:
6368:
6315:
6113:
6101:
6086:
6074:
6062:
6047:
6021:
6009:
5102:
4953:
4583:
4317:"Biography of the founders of the Theosophical Society"
3936:
2477:
9,783,167 and 58,904,798 acres (238,379.26 km) of
1565:
was then elected as Chief Minister with the support of
987:
Andrew Cogan was succeeded by Francis Day (1643β1644),
982:
15877:
Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute
8849:
Italics = areas outside present-day India and Pakistan
8430:
MahΔmanΔ Madan Mohan Malaviya: An Historical Biography
6958:
6956:
6943:
6941:
6892:
6890:
6877:
6875:
6576:
6258:
6256:
6155:
6140:
4068:
3658:
2352:
1075:
7889:
Ahmed, Farooqui Salma; Ahmed Farooqui, Salma (2011).
7193:
7169:
7016:
6992:
6798:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6170:
4563:
3269:. Under the bill's provisions, the governing body of
1482:. Periyar, as he was alternatively known, criticised
14057:
Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board
8706:
Thorpe, Edgar; Showick Thorpe; Thorpe Edgar (2011).
8500:
The Proudest Day β India's Long Ride to Independence
7967:
Chatterjee, Indrani; Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2006).
7814:
Playne, Somerset; J. W. Bond; Arnold Wright (1914).
7492:
7425:
7337:
7112:
6866:
6842:
6792:
6629:
6614:
6597:
6482:
6399:
6362:
5851:
5812:
5800:
5693:
5681:
5581:
5183:
5004:
Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation
4818:
4738:
3954:
3930:
3918:
3894:
3720:
3283:
states of Travancore and Cochin which practised the
2801:
57 crores in 1946β47 made as follows: Land revenue,
2232:
Native Infantry β Eleven regiments of two battalions
1502:, which campaigned for the right of untouchables in
1407:
was created in Madras Presidency in 1920 as per the
843:
8738:
The Nattukottai Chettiar Merchant Bankers in Ceylon
8539:
East India Company the Worlds Most Powerful Company
7413:
6980:
6968:
6953:
6938:
6926:
6887:
6872:
6488:
6253:
4115:
4113:
4098:
2340:
2220:
European Infantry β Two battalions of ten companies
1119:were the last places to be annexed by the British.
8646:
7124:
6268:
6167:
5297:
5285:
4947:
3532:Hindu devotees in procession around the temple at
2977:Map of the Madras and South Mahratta Railway lines
2626:. The main source of water for agriculture in the
1184:. The council was reformed and expanded under the
7760:G. F., Major MacMunn; Major A. C. Lovett (1911).
7600:Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol. I to VII
7539:Economic Studies Vol I:Some South Indian villages
7466:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society (1841).
6210:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5273:
5261:
5249:
5237:
5225:
4913:
4283:
4125:
4085:
4083:
2723:71.32 crores a year while exports were valued at
2698:Workshops of the Madras Automobiles Ltd., c. 1904
1308:in 1882. The society's most prominent figure was
18669:
12919:1932 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Strike
7100:
6498:. District Collectorate, Chennai. Archived from
5213:
5201:
5189:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4548:
4110:
3972:
3466:in 1938. There were film studios at Coimbatore,
3462:was made in 1934 and the first Malayalam talkie
3403:, was held between Indians and Europeans during
3019:with the Indian mainland was constructed in 1914
2901:, Bangalore, and Cochin, as well as a branch in
2509:A 1936 map of rice stations in Madras Presidency
1553:. In 1944, Periyar renamed the Justice Party as
1149:(1881β94), the grandson and heir of the deposed
265:β’ Fort St. George elevated to a Presidency
27:Administrative subdivision of India through 1950
13541:
8883:Presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements
8747:Faction and front: Party systems in South India
7686:. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House.
7653:
7437:
7265:
6764:
6762:
6737:
6735:
6447:. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008
6231:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6031:. Madras Stock Exchange Limited. Archived from
5054:
5052:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3173:was established as an examining body using the
2646:
2064:Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act
1254:
831:came from Madras. Madras was later admitted as
9933:List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh
9928:List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population
6432:
5758:
5532:
5520:
5508:
4968:
4671:"The State Legislature β Origin and Evolution"
4335:
4189:"Willing to strike and not reluctant to wound"
4080:
3960:
3857:
3845:
2968:
2330:List of zamindari estates in Madras Presidency
2042:, the trust which manages the Hindu temple at
1522:came to power for the first time in 1937 with
12744:
11851:
9990:
9131:
8820:
8222:
8206:Pop culture India: media, arts, and lifestyle
7627:
7508:. Madras: South Indian Railway Company. 1926.
7157:
7059:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841
7047:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841
7035:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841
6241:
5195:
4841:
4824:
4744:
4627:"INDIA (FAILURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY)"
4530:
4410:
4408:
4319:. Theosophical Society, Adyar. Archived from
4094:. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaysia Press.
3900:
3863:
3851:
3791:
3768:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3611:Administrative divisions of Madras Presidency
3274:Vice-Chancellor appointed by the Chancellor.
2500:
2458:entered into a contract with the Government.
2292:, and the invasion of Upper Burma during the
2194:A British officer in the Madras Light Cavalry
2080:Administrative divisions of Madras Presidency
1090:(1782β99), Maruthu Pandyar, Velu Thampi, and
867:. The country recovered under the subsequent
725:The Madras Presidency was neighboured by the
718:was the winter capital of the presidency and
643:
16157:Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital
9943:List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh
8568:C. Rajagopalachari: Role in Freedom Movement
7306:
7304:
7302:
7253:
6914:
6848:
6759:
6747:
6732:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6222:
6130:
6128:
5544:
5049:
4223:
4211:
4157:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4020:
4008:
3774:
3762:
3195:The Government Arts College, established in
1509:
1467:became Chief Minister of Madras Presidency.
1157:was annexed in 1855, following the death of
9938:List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh
9105:Territorial evolution of the British Empire
8758:. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. p. 16.
8729:Tribes of India β The Struggle for Survival
8274:
8245:Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar Rothermund (2004).
7798:. The Madras Times Printing and Publishing.
7710:
7515:
7483:
7241:
7229:
7217:
6902:
6780:
6426:
6161:
6149:
5165:
5153:
5002:B. S. Chandrababu; L. Thilagavathi (2009).
4651:
3750:
3738:
3726:
2534:, beans, onions, garlic and spices such as
2276:of the 18th century, the British attack on
1713:. The presidency had its winter capital at
1164:
933:(1569β1627) to permit the establishment of
16077:Government Multi Super-speciality Hospital
14428:
14052:Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority
13011:
12751:
12737:
11858:
11844:
9997:
9983:
9138:
9124:
8827:
8813:
8772:
8649:Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia
7770:
7040:
6720:
6570:
6438:
5699:
4925:
4663:
4405:
4293:. Indian National Congress. Archived from
4089:
3664:
3161:, a University Board was established with
3112:'s plane carrying air-mail from Bombay to
2715:11.74 crores while imports were valued at
1386:who founded the Justice Party in 1916 and
1261:Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu
650:
636:
93:
15778:Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
12904:1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike
8413:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
7555:
7503:
7299:
7088:
6336:
6125:
4574:
4365:
3942:
3833:
3418:which was established by freedom-fighter
1893:Muslim (called in English at the time as
15803:Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University
8727:von FΓΌrer-Haimendorf, Christoph (1982).
8074:
7931:Quality of Work Life in Commercial Banks
7852:
7690:
7559:Odisha District Gazetteers: Nabarangapur
5502:
5108:
4174:
4138:. High Court, Madras. 2007. p. 17.
3022:
3006:
2991:
2972:
2797:The total revenue of the presidency was
2693:
2681:
2669:
2661:
2650:
2605:
2550:and peanuts. Fruits cultivated included
2504:
2311:
2235:
2189:
1888:
1869:
1824:
1604:
1596:
1513:
1449:became Chief Minister. The exclusion of
1379:The non-Brahmin movement was started by
1264:
1251:caused discontent among the population.
1228:became the first Indian to be appointed
1012:
743:Nizam's Dominions of Hyderabad and Berar
15788:SRM Institute of Science and Technology
8668:Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar (1982).
8244:
8058:Social background of Indian nationalism
7856:. Babu Bhishambher Nath Bhargava. 1922.
7753:Peeps at many lands: Home Life in India
7750:
7669:South India and her Muhammadan Invaders
7381:
7379:
7199:
6986:
6974:
6962:
6947:
6932:
6881:
6651:Jebaraj, Priscilla (5 September 2008).
6650:
6180:
4889:
4704:from the original on 19 September 2017.
4619:
3906:
3678:"They administered our region HERITAGE"
3341:contracts as legal marriages while the
3116:via Bellary. This was the beginning of
2599:yields were 3.5 to 6.25 cwt. per acre,
2566:. In addition, cabbages, cauliflowers,
1901:In 1901, the population breakdown was:
1829:Linguistic map of the Madras Presidency
1397:and took over the Justice party in 1944
898:Early English trading posts (1600β1639)
14:
18670:
15988:Structural Engineering Research Centre
15968:National Institute of Ocean Technology
15341:Chennai Contract Carriage Bus Terminus
8712:. Dorling Kindersly (India) Pvt. Ltd.
8521:. Anmol Publications Private Limited.
8383:. Anmol Publications Private Limited.
8354:Euro-English: assessing variety status
7715:. Executive Committee of the Congress.
6808:. Annamalai University. Archived from
6704:. University of Kerala. Archived from
5006:. Bharathi Puthakalayam. p. 264.
4168:
3875:
3702:
3410:The presidency's first newspaper, the
3277:
2046:. In 1939, the Congress government of
1749:
804:, and it was further sub-divided into
16315:
15831:Indian Institute of Technology Madras
15661:
15385:
15220:Chennai Port - Maduravoyal Expressway
15046:
14821:
14427:
14114:
13540:
13010:
12770:
12732:
11839:
9978:
9119:
8808:
8753:
7912:A. Madhaviah: A Biography and a Novel
7860:
7623:. J. Higginbotham and Pharaoh and Co.
4871:
4708:
4554:
4343:"BBC Historic Figures β Annie Besant"
2825:8.45 crores; Extraordinary receipts,
2366:among Muslims and Christians. In the
2249:infantry and three local battalions.
1463:to the Indian National Congress, and
1212:became the first Indian judge of the
676:administrative subdivision (province)
18723:1652 establishments in British India
8726:
8592:. East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd.
8565:
7813:
7759:
7720:Codrington, Humphry William (1926).
7496:The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908
7486:The India List and India Office List
7376:
6288:from the original on 6 November 2012
5303:
5291:
5279:
5267:
5255:
5243:
5231:
5219:
5207:
4542:
4353:from the original on 8 November 2012
4145:from the original on 8 February 2012
4133:"Report of the High Court of Madras"
3996:
3227:Among the private institutions, the
3064:was opened for traffic in 1914. The
2686:Parry & Co. sugar refineries at
2583:, 10 percent; ragi, 5.4 percent and
2546:along with vegetable oils made from
2428:settlement established in Bengal by
1572:
1345:
983:Agency of Fort St George (1640β1684)
914:. Subsequently, during the reign of
18620:
15361:State Express Transport Corporation
14626:Chennai International Film Festival
14094:Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services
7809:. Methodist Episcopal Church Press.
7741:
7493:Hunter, Sir William Wilson (1908).
7484:Great Britain India Office (1905).
7346:
7271:
7133:"When the devadasi tradition ended"
3984:
1962:Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam
1216:despite strong opposition from the
1161:(1832β1855) who left no male heir.
1126:. The rebellion of Velu Thambi and
1088:Successful wars against Tipu Sultan
1076:During the Company rule (1801β1858)
24:
16879:Sathyamoorthy Nagar (Tiruvottiyur)
15973:Institute of Mathematical Sciences
15963:Central Leather Research Institute
15356:Metropolitan Transport Corporation
14147:Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex
12894:Bombardment of Madras by SMS Emden
11767:Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore)
8406:
8381:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
8143:Queen Victoria: A Personal History
7948:BΓΆck, Monika; Rao, Aparna (2000).
7928:
7742:F. E., Penny; Lady Lawley (1914).
7547:Tercentenary Madras Staff (1939).
7385:
7311:M., Allirajan (17 November 2003).
7310:
7130:
6029:"History of Madras Stock Exchange"
4186:
2240:A Jamadar of the 20th Deccan Horse
1744:
1141:The Madras Presidency annexed the
279:but retains title of "Presidency"
277:Madras becomes a province of India
25:
18739:
13428:University of Madras Senate House
9948:List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh
9045:United Provinces of British India
9040:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
8793:
8410:The political career of K Kamaraj
7970:Slavery & South Asian History
7789:. Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co.
7755:. London: A. & C. Black, Ltd.
7676:
7546:
6653:"Ongoing saga of higher learning"
6439:Srinivasan, T. A. (8 July 2005).
6284:. Chennai, India. 12 April 2004.
6216:
4277:
4265:
4187:S., Muthiah (13 September 2003).
4119:
3551:bride and groom belonging to the
2073:
1942:Venkateswara temple at Thirupathi
1731:Demographics of Madras Presidency
844:Before the arrival of the English
18619:
18608:
18598:
18597:
16884:Sathyamoorthy Nagar (Vyasarpadi)
16092:Kilpauk Medical College Hospital
16044:Sri Lanka Deputy High Commission
15662:
15351:Madhavaram Mofussil Bus Terminus
12914:1928 South Indian Railway Strike
12713:
11967:
11866:
11820:
10005:
9959:
9147:
8121:Rural Society in Southeast India
7794:Newell, Herbert Andrews (1919).
7783:Mazumdar, Amvika Charan (1917).
7664:Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami
7360:. Chennai, India. Archived from
7321:. Chennai, India. Archived from
7141:. Chennai, India. Archived from
7131:S., Muthiah (17 December 2007).
7076:
7064:
7052:
7028:
6702:"University of Kerala Home page"
6661:. Chennai, India. Archived from
6445:The Hindu: Entertainment Chennai
6194:. Chennai, India. Archived from
5484:
5472:
5309:
4954:RΔmacandra KshΔ«rasΔgara (1986).
4373:"A clarion call against the Raj"
4195:. Chennai, India. Archived from
4090:Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1968).
3582:
3560:
3541:
3525:
3506:
3491:
3479:
3087:was cut in 1806 at a cost of 90
2794:and was a lucrative profession.
2522:as well as vegetables including
2128:in 1799. The territories of the
1369:
1360:
926:were sent to negotiate with the
579:British rule in Portuguese India
422:
384:
359:
78:
64:
18728:1950 disestablishments in India
12542:Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics
8570:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.
8427:
7966:
7719:
7628:Wheeler, James Talboys (1996).
7617:Wheeler, James Talboys (1862).
7082:
6496:"Historical Events at a Glance"
6441:"Swept off its feet, literally"
6276:"Building a bank, the MCt. way"
4995:
4962:
4958:. Deep & Deep Publications.
4788:
4697:The Illustrated Weekly of India
4688:
4675:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
4635:. 16 April 1946. Archived from
4632:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4607:
4595:
4163:
3869:
3821:
3809:
3797:
2229:Native Cavalry β Four regiments
2185:
2040:Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams
1724:
1569:and served for eleven months.
1470:During the 1920s and 1930s, an
714:in the modern day. The city of
690:, including all of present-day
304:Madras becomes a state of India
16316:
16024:British Deputy High Commission
15983:Regional Meteorological Centre
15978:Chennai Mathematical Institute
15846:Alagappa College of Technology
15841:Madras Institute of Technology
15836:College of Engineering, Guindy
14849:Anantha Padmanabhaswami Temple
14062:Chennai Police Commissionerate
8917:(associated, in Yemen, Arabia)
8889:Straits Settlements Presidency
8800:Coins of the Madras Presidency
8777:. Asian Educational Services.
8476:
8437:Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997).
8296:Tamil Nadu: An Unfinished Task
8293:
8179:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) .
8027:
7994:. Cambridge University Press.
7987:
7933:. Discovery Publishing House.
7874:. Cambridge University Press.
7843:
7820:. Asian Educational Services.
7656:The Aristocracy of South India
7632:. Asian Educational Services.
5783:
5538:
5526:
5514:
5058:
4847:
4835:
4750:
4589:
4229:
4217:
4120:Tercentenary Madras Staff 1939
4062:
4050:
4038:
4026:
3815:
3670:
3210:Madras Institute of Technology
3201:College of Engineering, Guindy
3136:stationed in Madras city. The
2307:
2152:Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency
1651:Malabar region of North Kerala
1498:. He also participated in the
1300:moved the headquarters of the
1106:(1798β1805) also brought many
819:of 1917, Madras was the first
13:
1:
18688:Presidencies of British India
16275:The Raintree Hotel Anna Salai
16270:Raintree Hotel St Mary's Road
15336:Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus
15067:Chennai International Airport
15047:
13433:Southern Railway headquarters
9100:Subdivisions of British India
8686:
8667:
8400:Matrilineal system in Malabar
8313:Mehrotra, Santosh K. (2006).
8312:
8203:
8159:
8082:. Adamant Media Corporation.
7846:The Statesman's Yearbook 1950
7782:
7683:How India Wrought for freedom
7579:
7443:
7431:
7419:
6896:
6854:
6309:
6003:
5991:
5979:
5967:
5952:
5937:
5922:
5907:
5895:
5878:
5866:
5836:
5824:
5752:
5737:
5720:
5662:
5647:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5593:
5562:
5147:
5135:
5043:
5026:
4883:
4782:
4765:
4253:
4241:
3708:
3686:. 4 June 2007. Archived from
3646:
3443:by the Gantz family in 1868.
2860:Buckingham and Carnatic Mills
1609:Madras province (South), 1909
1601:Madras province (North), 1909
672:Presidency of Fort St. George
526:Portuguese East India Company
213:Madras Provincial Legislature
99:The Madras Presidency in 1913
15882:National Institute of Siddha
15697:Cholamandal Artists' Village
15682:Alliance Française de Madras
14854:Anjaneya Temple, Nanganallur
14822:
14089:Tamil Nadu Electricity Board
13286:Arignar Anna Zoological Park
12949:2013 Anti-Sri Lanka protests
12944:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
12877:Modern period (1900βpresent)
9424:Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema
9095:Residencies of British India
9010:North-West Frontier Province
8736:W. S., Weerasooriya (1973).
8709:The Pearson CSAT Manual 2011
8630:. Indiana University Press.
8584:
8557:S. A., Govindarajan (1969).
8483:. University of California.
8436:
8398:P. V., Balakrishnan (1981).
8183:. Bangalore: Jupiter books.
8137:
7973:. Indiana University Press.
7909:
7869:
7865:. London: Oxford University.
7711:Christophers, S. R. (1927).
7488:. London: Harrison and Sons.
7259:
7247:
7235:
7223:
7211:
7118:
6908:
6768:
6753:
6741:
6585:
6525:
6414:
6387:
6330:
6119:
6107:
6095:
6080:
6068:
6056:
6015:
5550:
4074:
4014:
3876:Sohail, Sara (10 May 2019).
3651:
3500:M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
3333:Malabar Marriage Act of 1896
3218:Government Teacher's College
3151:
3060:on the Indian mainland with
2813:4.48 crores; Stamp revenue,
2647:Trade, industry and commerce
2104:which was acquired in 1690.
2058:at the advice of his Diwan,
1814:
1592:
1352:Diarchy in Madras Presidency
1255:Indian Independence movement
1220:media. He also acted as the
1198:Government of India Act 1935
1194:Government of India Act 1919
1008:History of Madras Presidency
904:Queen Elizabeth I of England
829:Indian independence movement
36:Presidency of Fort St George
7:
16594:Kaviarasu Kannadhasan Nagar
16162:Sundaram Medical Foundation
16112:Sir Ivan Stedeford Hospital
16072:Government General Hospital
15793:B S Abdur Rahman University
15426:Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium
14980:Church of Our Lady of Light
14869:Bodyguard Muniswaran Temple
14306:Madras Atomic Power Station
14115:
14047:Greater Chennai Corporation
13543:Administration and politics
12820:Colonial period (1500β1900)
12771:
12758:
9484:Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore
8978:Central Provinces and Berar
8931:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
8731:. University of California.
8705:
8645:Smith, Bardwell L. (1976).
8477:Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1997).
8378:
8350:
8178:
7914:. Oxford University Press.
7895:. Pearson Education India.
7848:. London: Macmillan and Co.
7793:
7616:
7532:
7391:"The innovative film-maker"
6688:
6548:. Air India. Archived from
4907:
4794:
4579:. University of California.
4575:Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1997).
4501:
4486:
4474:
4462:
4450:
4438:
4426:
4414:
4002:
3990:
3839:
3827:
3594:
3571:gentleman belonging to the
3420:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
2969:Transport and communication
2614:was constructed across the
2353:
2341:
2207:Richard Raworth's Rebellion
1865:
1535:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
1524:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
1465:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
1279:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
1039:Parliament of Great Britain
755:Central Provinces and Berar
243:Madras Legislative Assembly
10:
18744:
17280:Kakkalur Industrial Estate
16240:Park Sheraton & Towers
16142:Government Dental Hospital
15798:Tamil Nadu Open University
15773:Indian Maritime University
15768:Dr Ambedkar Law University
14959:Varasiddhi Vinayaka temple
14929:Mundaka Kanni Amman Temple
13317:Nanmangalam Reserve Forest
13219:Thervoy Kandigai reservoir
12131:Maritime history of Odisha
9085:Divisions of British India
9080:Districts of British India
8836:Presidencies and provinces
8749:. Young Asia Publications.
8744:
8672:. Transaction Publishers.
8644:
8625:
8439:Economic History of Orissa
8263:
8115:
8055:
8008:
7888:
7834:
7802:
7713:The Indian Empire Souvenir
7512:Madras District Gazetteers
7453:
7175:
7094:
7070:
6726:
6134:
5705:
5478:
4919:
4895:
4714:
4657:
3626:Advocate-General of Madras
3002:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2866:. Arbuthnot, owned by the
2821:1.61 crores; other taxes,
2809:14.68 crores; Income tax,
2501:Agriculture and irrigation
2327:
2324:" in the Madras Presidency
2197:
2077:
1920:. Among the Brahmins, the
1818:
1728:
1585:in after the enactment of
1577:Prakasam was succeeded by
1409:MontaguβChelmsford Reforms
1349:
1258:
1168:
1079:
1051:Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle
1005:
910:which became known as the
838:
817:MontaguβChelmsford Reforms
227:Madras Legislative Council
18698:History of Andhra Pradesh
18683:Historical Indian regions
18593:
17989:
17728:
17117:
16326:
16322:
16311:
16170:
16127:Voluntary Health Services
16097:Perambur railway hospital
16062:
16005:
15955:
15947:Women's Christian College
15890:
15854:
15821:
15763:Dr MGR Medical University
15745:
15672:
15668:
15657:
15641:Madras Presidency Matches
15623:
15593:
15577:
15561:
15545:
15524:
15503:
15482:
15466:
15459:
15436:Mudaliarkuppam boat house
15416:M. A. Chidambaram Stadium
15398:
15394:
15386:
15381:
15328:
15263:
15193:
15186:
15151:
15113:
15106:
15098:Royapuram fishing harbour
15075:
15059:
15055:
15042:
15013:
14967:
14954:Vadapalani Andavar Temple
14909:Kundrathur Murugan Temple
14879:Devi Karumariamman Temple
14834:
14830:
14817:
14783:
14705:
14664:
14613:
14577:
14519:
14486:
14440:
14436:
14423:
14384:
14226:
14195:
14127:
14123:
14110:
14039:
13872:
13834:
13827:
13805:
13727:
13654:
13591:
13584:
13553:
13549:
13536:
13482:
13456:
13423:Royapuram railway station
13373:Bharat Insurance Building
13356:
13330:
13309:
13278:
13252:
13094:
13058:
13035:Chennai Metropolitan Area
13027:
13023:
13006:
12962:
12876:
12819:
12783:
12779:
12766:
12710:
12610:
12522:
12389:
12324:
12263:
12202:
12187:
12139:
12036:
11976:
11965:
11894:
11882:
11817:
11757:
11517:
11351:
11080:
11073:
10710:
10667:
10269:
10202:
10119:
10036:
10021:
9956:
9920:
9817:
9764:
9733:
9550:
9527:
9384:
9356:
9265:
9177:
9165:
9063:Agencies of British India
9058:
8956:Bihar and Orissa Province
8905:
8855:
8846:
8735:
8606:
8556:
8502:. London: Jonathan Cape.
8497:
8397:
8331:
8036:
7947:
7844:S. H., Steinberg (1950).
7806:Indian Students Geography
7786:Indian National Evolution
7766:. Adam and Charles Black.
7730:
7517:Raghavaiyangar, Srinivasa
7352:"Stickler for discipline"
7187:
7106:
6920:
6830:
6465:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6347:
6247:
6217:Tercentenary Madras Staff
4613:
4513:
4397:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4104:
3978:
3966:
3878:"The Etymology of Madras"
3401:Madras Presidency Matches
3027:A backwater and canal in
2570:, peaches, betel pepper,
2156:Ganjam Hill Tracts Agency
2130:Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
2060:Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Ayyar
2056:Temple Entry Proclamation
1799:
1762:β
1510:Last days of British rule
1104:Governor-General of India
1043:Governor-General of India
941:on the west coast and at
823:to implement a system of
722:was the summer capital.
400:
338:
328:
321:
317:
300:
287:
273:
263:
259:
249:
233:
217:
209:
205:
193:
183:β’ 1920β1921 (first)
181:
177:
167:
163:
151:
141:β’ 1785β1786 (first)
139:
135:
125:
104:
92:
60:
55:
34:
16744:Old Erumai Vetti Palayam
16739:New Erumai Vetti Palayam
16265:Radisson Blu City Centre
15907:Madras Christian College
15717:Tamil Nadu Police Museum
15702:Connemara Public Library
15411:Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
15346:Kilambakkam bus terminus
15138:Chennai Suburban Railway
14939:Prathyangira Devi Temple
14844:Adikesava Perumal Temple
13500:M.G.R. and Amma Memorial
12939:R. S. S. Chennai bombing
12837:Agency of Fort St George
12784:Early history (pre-1500)
10046:Thiruvananthapuram KL-01
8993:Eastern Bengal and Assam
8536:Roy, Tirthankar (2012).
8535:
8516:
8455:
8228:Caste in Indian Politics
8123:. Cambridge University.
8096:
7988:Chaudhuri, K.N. (2006).
7772:Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa
7751:Finnemore, John (1917).
7723:A Short history of Lanka
7602:. Government of Madras.
7565:. Government of Odisha.
7525:. Government of Madras.
7163:
6235:
5490:
3803:
3237:Madras Christian College
3179:C. W. Thamotharam Pillai
3068:was inaugurated between
3066:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
2998:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
2282:Second Anglo-Maratha War
2270:wars against Tipu Sultan
1703:Jayashankar Bhupalapalli
1625:excluding the region of
1579:O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar
1520:Indian National Congress
1287:Indian National Congress
1241:Indian famine of 1896β97
1190:Indian Councils Act 1909
1186:Indian Councils Act 1892
1182:Indian Councils Act 1861
1165:British Rule (1858β1947)
670:, officially called the
195:β’ 1949β1950 (last)
153:β’ 1948β1950 (last)
16664:Mahakavi Bharathi Nagar
15872:Kilpauk Medical College
15867:Stanley Medical College
15421:Madras Motor Race Track
15280:Chennai Airport Flyover
14995:St. Patrick's Cathedral
14801:Royal Madras Yacht Club
14453:Broadcasting in Chennai
14448:Architecture of Chennai
13322:Vandalur Reserve Forest
12990:A. R. Venkatachalapathy
12954:2015 South India floods
12577:Kotpad Handloom fabrics
12557:Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics
12174:Deomali (Highest point)
12116:Orissa Tributary States
12056:Mahameghavahana dynasty
12028:Human Rights Commission
9867:Western Chalukya Empire
9068:British Empire in India
9015:North-Western Provinces
8773:Wright, Arnold (1999).
8687:Thoraval, Yves (2000).
8670:India: social structure
8542:. Penguin Books India.
8456:Rai, Raghunath (2011).
8407:P., Kandaswamy (2001).
8351:Mollin, Sandra (2006).
8279:. Mittal Publications.
8204:Kasbekar, Asha (2006).
8032:. University of Madras.
8009:D. Craik, Alex (2007).
7870:Aggarwal, Bina (1994).
7703:Encyclopædia Britannica
7589:. Cambridge University.
7479:. Government of Madras.
7475:C. D., MaClean (1877).
7460:Government publications
6262:
4601:
3366:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
3183:Sir S. Subramaniya Iyer
2558:, cashew nuts, mangos,
2294:Third Anglo-Burmese War
2214:Joseph François Dupleix
1966:Krishna temple at Udupi
1434:motion of no-confidence
1237:Great Famine of 1876β78
1151:Krishnaraja Wodeyar III
741:in the center, and the
16649:Madhavaram Milk Colony
16147:Hindu Mission Hospital
16137:Tambaram TB Sanatorium
16122:Madras Medical Mission
16054:South Korean Consulate
15862:Madras Medical College
15783:VIT University Chennai
15687:Anna Centenary Library
15026:Thousand Lights Mosque
14990:St. George's Cathedral
14949:Shirdi Sai Baba Temple
14430:Culture and recreation
14356:The New Indian Express
14301:Integral Coach Factory
14281:Heavy Vehicles Factory
14072:Greater Chennai Police
13448:Anna Nagar twin arches
13383:Chennai Central Prison
12963:Writers and historians
12909:Neil Statue Satyagraha
10775:Chittur-Thathamangalam
10669:Municipal corporations
9025:Panth-Piploda Province
8754:David, Omissi (1998).
8626:Sinha, Aseema (2005).
8566:S. R., Bakshi (1991).
8498:Read, Anthony (1997).
8402:. Satyavani Prakashan.
8357:. Gunter Narr Verlag.
8334:Miscellaneous Writings
8294:M., Thangaraj (2003).
8264:Kumar, Dharma (1965).
8028:D., Sadasivan (1974).
7835:Price, Thomas (1837).
3214:Madras Medical College
3163:Alexander J. Arbuthnot
3129:Sir Archibald Campbell
3032:
3020:
3004:
2978:
2874:with funds donated by
2817:4.38 crores; forests,
2699:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2659:
2619:
2510:
2325:
2241:
2195:
2114:Treaty of Seringapatam
1970:Padmanabhaswamy temple
1954:Meenakshi Amman temple
1898:
1886:
1830:
1717:and summer capital at
1681:districts of southern
1610:
1602:
1530:
1422:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
1388:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy
1273:
1245:Chingleput Ryots' Case
1206:C. V. Runganada Sastri
1053:of the previous year.
739:Kingdom of Pudukkottai
737:to the southwest, the
729:to the northwest, the
200:P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja
188:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
16389:Assisi Nagar, Chennai
16152:Fortis Malar Hospital
15932:Stella Mary's (Women)
15927:Pachaiyappa's College
15727:KM Music Conservatory
15495:Chepauk Super Gillies
15245:Poonamallee High Road
14924:Marundeeswarar Temple
14899:Kamakshi Amman Temple
14889:ISKCON Temple Chennai
14884:Ekambareswarar Temple
14750:Gold Souk Grande Mall
14682:VGP Universal Kingdom
14534:Dr. Annie Besant Park
14529:Anna Nagar Tower Park
14331:Reserve Bank of India
14326:North Chennai Thermal
14316:Madras Stock Exchange
14311:Madras Rubber Factory
13510:Rajiv Gandhi Memorial
13301:Madras Crocodile Bank
13239:Vilinjiyambakkam Lake
12934:Anti-Hindi agitations
12827:SΓ£o TomΓ© de Meliapore
12101:Eastern Ganga dynasty
10850:Kothamangalam, Kerala
9907:Sultanate of Golconda
9887:Eastern Ganga dynasty
9847:Vishnukundina dynasty
9394:Alluri Sitharama Raju
9074:British rule in Burma
8745:Walch, James (1976).
8740:. Tisara Prakasakayo.
8517:Roy, Kalpana (2002).
8379:O.P., Ralhan (2002).
8060:. Popular Prakashan.
8056:Desai, A. R. (2005).
8037:Deol, Harnik (2000).
7803:Pirie, A. H. (1883).
7731:Dodd, George (1859).
7726:. Macmillan & Co.
7654:A., Vadivelu (1903).
7313:"Reel-time nostalgia"
6186:"The birth of a bank"
3601:History of Tamil Nadu
3439:, established as the
3263:Madras University Act
3229:Pachaiyappa's College
3054:Pamban railway bridge
3026:
3015:, which connects the
3013:Pamban railway bridge
3010:
2995:
2976:
2838:Madras Stock Exchange
2805:8.53 crores; Excise,
2697:
2685:
2673:
2665:
2654:
2630:district were tanks.
2609:
2508:
2481:lands which produced
2315:
2239:
2193:
2142:Trichinopoly district
1946:Brihadeeswarar temple
1892:
1873:
1828:
1736:Historical population
1608:
1600:
1587:Constitution of India
1540:Anti-Hindi agitations
1529:as its Chief Minister
1527:(pictured at a rally)
1517:
1480:Self-Respect Movement
1395:Self-Respect Movement
1283:Madras Mahajana Sabha
1268:
1153:(1799β1868) in 1881.
1082:Company rule in India
1013:Expansion (1684β1801)
902:On 31 December 1600,
764:In 1639, the English
599:British rule in Burma
569:Company rule in India
18708:History of Karnataka
17921:Raja Annamalai Puram
16049:Royal Thai Consulate
15942:MOP Vaishnav (Women)
15917:Queen Mary's (Women)
15813:Hindustan University
15758:University of Madras
15732:Madras Music Academy
15636:M. J. Gopalan Trophy
15446:Rajarathinam Stadium
15441:Muttukadu boat house
15310:Maduravoyal Junction
15290:Irumbuliyur Junction
14934:Parthasarathy Temple
14904:Kapaleeswarar Temple
14296:Indian Overseas Bank
14261:Chennai Trade Centre
13997:Thiru. Vi. Ka. Nagar
13729:Kanchipuram district
13571:Kanchipuram District
13515:Victory War Memorial
13464:Marina Beach Statues
13443:Victoria Public Hall
13348:Pallikaranai Wetland
13296:Guindy National Park
13119:Chembarambakkam Lake
13081:Kosasthalaiyar River
12980:S. Theodore Baskaran
12889:Besant v. Narayaniah
12884:Arbuthnot Bank Crash
12592:Pipili appliquΓ© work
12572:Konark stone carving
12081:Shailodbhava dynasty
11996:Legislative Assembly
10056:Pathanamthitta KL-03
9804:Wildlife sanctuaries
9474:Parvathipuram Manyam
9316:Rose-ringed parakeet
8441:. Indus Publishing.
8230:. Orient Blackswan.
8164:. California Press.
8139:Hibbert, Christopher
8101:. Psychology Press.
8076:Dutt, Romesh Chunder
7839:. Oxford University.
7737:. W. U. R. Chambers.
7672:. Oxford University.
7275:(26 November 2004).
3616:Madras States Agency
3569:Mangalorean Catholic
3452:R. Nataraja Mudaliar
3241:St. Aloysius College
3233:Annamalai University
3175:University of London
3171:University of Madras
2959:Indian Overseas Bank
2935:Catholic Syrian Bank
2876:Nattukottai Chetties
2765:and the kingdoms of
2618:for power generation
2320:who introduced the "
2124:districts after the
1707:Bhadradri Kothagudem
1629:Princely State, the
1589:on 26 January 1950.
1302:Theosophical Society
1298:Colonel H. S. Olcott
1226:V. Bhashyam Aiyangar
1096:subsidiary alliances
969:presidency of Bantam
589:British Raj in India
330:β’ 1941 estimate
18650: /
18482:Tambaram Sanatorium
16959:Theerthakariampattu
16250:Accord Metropolitan
16210:The Leela Kempinski
16107:Egmore Eye Hospital
16082:Royapettah Hospital
16029:Malaysian Consulate
15490:Chennai Super Kings
15451:SDAT Tennis Stadium
15431:MRF Pace Foundation
15315:Moolakadai Junction
15305:Madhavaram Junction
15093:Kattupalli Shipyard
14874:Dandeeswarar Temple
14755:Phoenix Market City
14735:Chennai Citi Centre
14646:Madras Music Season
14067:General Post Office
13656:Tiruvallur district
13566:Tiruvallur District
13505:Madras War Cemetery
13408:Port Trust Building
13403:Police headquarters
12924:1943 Chennai floods
12842:1721 Madras cyclone
12832:Raja of Chandragiri
12547:Ganjam Kewda Flower
12086:Bhauma-Kara dynasty
11917:Bande Utkala Janani
9912:Vijayanagara Empire
9842:Salankayana dynasty
9276:Maa Telugu Thalliki
8691:. Macmillan India.
8607:Seal, Anil (1971).
8590:Madras Rediscovered
8462:. FK Publications.
8428:Paramanand (1985).
7929:B., Anitha (1998).
7854:Some Madras Leaders
7763:The Armies of India
7389:(30 January 2006).
7277:"A milestone movie"
6812:on 25 November 2012
6552:on 19 November 2008
6546:"History 1932β1940"
4741:, Volume 16, p. 256
4291:"Congress Sessions"
3711:, pp. 138β142.
3520:'s house, c.a. 1909
3416:The Madras Crescent
3278:Culture and society
3220:was established at
2840:was established in
2106:Chingleput district
1875:Vaishnavite Brahmin
1821:Dravidian languages
1737:
1655:Lakshadweep Islands
1551:Quit India movement
920:Sir William Hawkins
908:joint-stock company
674:until 1937, was an
18693:History of Chennai
16399:Athipattu New Town
16117:Sankara Nethralaya
16019:American Consulate
15912:Presidency College
15737:Schools in Chennai
15569:V Chennai Warriors
15474:Chennai Superstarz
15406:Guindy Race Course
15300:Koyambedu Junction
15295:Kathipara Junction
15250:Rajiv Gandhi Salai
14944:Ravishwarar Temple
14864:Ashtalakshmi Kovil
14715:Abhirami Mega Mall
14600:Mayajaal Multiplex
14478:Tourism in Chennai
14361:TI Cycles of India
14251:Blue Dart Aviation
14218:World Trade Center
14172:Ranganathan Street
13520:Vivekanandar Illam
13291:Chennai Snake Park
13164:Maduranthakam Lake
12899:de La Haye scandal
12811:Vijayanagar Empire
12796:Thomas the Apostle
12179:Abdul Kalam Island
12096:Somavamshi dynasty
12076:Pitrbhakta dynasty
11759:Historical regions
10677:Thiruvananthapuram
10609:Thiruvananthapuram
10029:Thiruvananthapuram
9872:Rashtrakuta Empire
9827:Satavahana dynasty
9340:Banginapalli Mango
8898:(Surat Presidency)
8896:Western Presidency
8559:G. Subramania Iyer
8249:. Routledge (UK).
8247:A History of India
8145:. Harper Collins.
7952:. Berghahn Books.
7648:Other publications
7556:Tara Dutt (2015).
7527:madras presidency.
7499:. Clarendon Press.
7364:on 3 November 2012
7325:on 9 November 2012
7145:on 9 November 2012
7119:Anantha Raman 2005
6806:"About University"
6665:on 9 November 2012
6198:on 9 November 2012
6184:(6 October 2006).
6035:on 2 December 2013
5304:Major MacMunn 1911
5292:Major MacMunn 1911
5280:Major MacMunn 1911
5268:Major MacMunn 1911
5256:Major MacMunn 1911
5244:Major MacMunn 1911
5232:Major MacMunn 1911
5220:Major MacMunn 1911
5208:Major MacMunn 1911
4639:on 9 February 2013
4199:on 7 November 2012
3431:G. Subramania Iyer
3356:T. Muthuswamy Iyer
3167:Presidency College
3033:
3021:
3005:
2979:
2745:American Civil War
2700:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2660:
2620:
2511:
2326:
2258:conquest of Manila
2254:Governor of Madras
2242:
2196:
2091:Commander-in-chief
2048:C. Rajagopalachari
1899:
1887:
1831:
1735:
1611:
1603:
1563:Tanguturi Prakasam
1531:
1506:to enter temples.
1447:P. Munuswamy Naidu
1393:, who founded the
1381:C. Natesa Mudaliar
1336:V. Kalyanasundaram
1312:, who founded the
1274:
1210:T. Muthuswamy Iyer
912:East India Company
877:Vijayanagar Empire
802:District Collector
766:East India Company
731:Kingdoms of Cochin
619:Partition of India
291:Province of Madras
289:β’ Renamed as
158:Krishna Bhavsinhji
44:Province of Madras
18718:History of Odisha
18678:Madras Presidency
18633:
18632:
18589:
18588:
18585:
18584:
18072:Guindy TVK Estate
17049:Vellivoyalchavadi
16984:Thiru Vi Ka Nagar
16307:
16306:
16303:
16302:
16190:Le Royal Meridien
16034:Russian Consulate
16001:
16000:
15712:Government Museum
15692:Birla Planetarium
15653:
15652:
15649:
15648:
15619:
15618:
15532:Chennai City F.C.
15377:
15376:
15373:
15372:
15369:
15368:
15255:Sardar Patel Road
15225:China Bazaar Road
15182:
15181:
15128:Chennai Metrolite
15038:
15037:
15034:
15033:
15005:St. Mary's Church
15000:Santhome Basilica
14985:St. Andrew's Kirk
14914:Kalikambal Temple
14894:Kalikambal Temple
14813:
14812:
14809:
14808:
14775:Forum Vijaya Mall
14621:Chennai Book Fair
14569:Tholkappia Poonga
14419:
14418:
14415:
14414:
14376:World Bank office
14106:
14105:
14102:
14101:
14077:Madras High Court
14035:
14034:
13823:
13822:
13532:
13531:
13528:
13527:
13474:Triumph of Labour
13260:Kattupalli Island
13224:Tiruninravur Lake
13184:Paruthipattu Lake
13129:Chitlapakkam Lake
13114:Ayanambakkam Lake
13002:
13001:
12998:
12997:
12863:Anglo-Mysore Wars
12726:
12725:
12552:Ganjam Kewda Rooh
12385:
12384:
11833:
11832:
11809:TravancoreβCochin
11753:
11752:
9972:
9971:
9862:Eastern Chalukyas
9113:
9112:
8973:Central Provinces
8878:Madras Presidency
8873:Bombay Presidency
8868:Bengal Presidency
8719:978-81-317-5830-4
8451:. SBN 8173870756.
8448:978-81-7387-075-0
8364:978-3-8233-6250-0
8171:978-0-520-23087-3
8130:978-0-521-04019-8
8048:978-0-415-20108-7
8023:. SBN 1846287901.
8020:978-1-84628-790-9
7594:Thurston, Edgar;
7572:978-81-86772-17-1
7350:(8 August 2008).
6781:Christophers 1927
6427:Christophers 1927
3641:Bombay Presidency
3636:Bengal Presidency
3631:Sheriff of Madras
3606:History of Kerala
3577:caste, c. a. 1938
3498:Tamil film actor
3326:Indian Penal Code
3271:Madras University
3205:Civil Engineering
3190:Andhra University
3159:Lord Ellenborough
2943:Bank of Chettinad
2790:harvested by the
2147:Bombay Presidency
2126:Fourth Mysore War
2052:Chithira Thirunal
2032:Hindu communities
1808:
1807:
1701:and the parts of
1573:Post Independence
1555:Dravidar Kazhagam
1500:Vaikom Satyagraha
1426:P. Ramarayaningar
1420:, came to power.
1346:Dyarchy (1920β37)
1249:Salem riots trial
1214:Madras High Court
1202:V. Sadagopacharlu
1147:Chamaraja Wodeyar
1143:Kingdom of Mysore
935:trading factories
848:The discovery of
821:province of India
747:Bombay Presidency
727:Kingdom of Mysore
684:Dominion of India
664:Madras Presidency
660:
659:
627:
626:
534:
533:
491:
490:
410:
409:
396:
395:
392:
391:
372:
371:
121:
18:Madras presidency
16:(Redirected from
18735:
18665:
18664:
18662:
18661:
18660:
18655:
18651:
18648:
18647:
18646:
18643:
18623:
18622:
18615:India portal
18613:
18612:
18611:
18601:
18600:
18472:St. Thomas Mount
18452:Singaperumalkoil
18217:Maraimalai Nagar
17816:Kothawal Chavadi
17781:Foreshore Estate
17715:Vilinjiyambakkam
17650:Thirumullaivoyal
16969:Thervoy Kandigai
16944:Thadaperumbakkam
16794:Periyamullavoyal
16539:Kanniammanpettai
16324:
16323:
16313:
16312:
16285:Residency Towers
16230:Fisherman's Cove
16102:Apollo Hospitals
16087:Stanley Hospital
16039:German Consulate
15743:
15742:
15670:
15669:
15659:
15658:
15601:Chennai Spartans
15511:Chennai Cheetahs
15464:
15463:
15396:
15395:
15383:
15382:
15285:Chrompet Flyover
15265:Grade separators
15191:
15190:
15143:Southern Railway
15111:
15110:
15057:
15056:
15044:
15043:
15021:Mahabodhi Centre
14832:
14831:
14819:
14818:
14796:Madras Boat Club
14740:Coromandel Plaza
14672:MGM Dizzee World
14631:Chennai Sangamam
14564:Secretariat Park
14438:
14437:
14425:
14424:
14246:Basin Bridge Gas
14142:Kothawal Chavadi
14125:
14124:
14112:
14111:
13832:
13831:
13807:Vellore District
13593:Chennai District
13589:
13588:
13576:Vellore District
13561:Chennai District
13551:
13550:
13538:
13537:
13279:Zoological parks
13244:Villivakkam lake
13154:Madambakkam Lake
13071:Buckingham Canal
13025:
13024:
13008:
13007:
12781:
12780:
12768:
12767:
12753:
12746:
12739:
12730:
12729:
12720:India portal
12718:
12717:
12716:
12200:
12199:
11971:
11959:Mahanadi mahseer
11908:Emblem of Odisha
11870:
11860:
11853:
11846:
11837:
11836:
11827:India portal
11825:
11824:
11823:
11740:Thalayolaparambu
11499:Sreekrishnapuram
11434:Sreemoolanagaram
11078:
11077:
10091:Malappuram KL-10
10009:
9999:
9992:
9985:
9976:
9975:
9966:India portal
9964:
9963:
9962:
9897:Musunuri Nayakas
9877:Kakatiya dynasty
9852:Chalukya dynasty
9152:
9151:
9150:
9140:
9133:
9126:
9117:
9116:
9050:United Provinces
8829:
8822:
8815:
8806:
8805:
8788:
8769:
8750:
8741:
8732:
8723:
8702:
8689:Cinemas of India
8683:
8664:
8652:
8641:
8622:
8603:
8581:
8562:
8553:
8532:
8513:
8494:
8473:
8452:
8433:
8424:
8403:
8394:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8347:
8328:
8309:
8290:
8271:
8260:
8241:
8219:
8200:
8175:
8156:
8134:
8112:
8093:
8071:
8052:
8033:
8024:
8005:
7984:
7963:
7944:
7925:
7906:
7885:
7866:
7857:
7849:
7840:
7831:
7810:
7799:
7790:
7779:
7767:
7756:
7747:
7738:
7727:
7716:
7707:
7699:
7687:
7673:
7659:
7658:. Vest & Co.
7643:
7624:
7613:
7590:
7576:
7564:
7552:
7543:
7529:
7509:
7500:
7489:
7480:
7471:
7447:
7441:
7435:
7429:
7423:
7417:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7401:on 18 March 2012
7397:. Archived from
7383:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7344:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7308:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7287:on 18 March 2012
7283:. Archived from
7269:
7263:
7257:
7251:
7245:
7239:
7233:
7227:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7203:
7197:
7191:
7185:
7179:
7173:
7167:
7161:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7128:
7122:
7116:
7110:
7104:
7098:
7092:
7086:
7080:
7074:
7068:
7062:
7056:
7050:
7044:
7038:
7032:
7026:
7020:
7014:
7008:
7002:
6996:
6990:
6984:
6978:
6972:
6966:
6960:
6951:
6945:
6936:
6930:
6924:
6918:
6912:
6906:
6900:
6894:
6885:
6879:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6855:K. Mehrotra 2006
6852:
6846:
6840:
6834:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6802:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6772:
6766:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6730:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6698:
6692:
6686:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6648:
6633:
6627:
6618:
6612:
6601:
6595:
6589:
6583:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6542:
6529:
6523:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6502:on 15 April 2012
6492:
6486:
6480:
6471:
6470:
6464:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6436:
6430:
6424:
6418:
6412:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6366:
6360:
6351:
6345:
6334:
6328:
6313:
6307:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6272:
6266:
6260:
6251:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6220:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6178:
6165:
6159:
6153:
6147:
6138:
6132:
6123:
6117:
6111:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6084:
6078:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5956:
5950:
5941:
5935:
5926:
5920:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5855:
5849:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5787:
5781:
5756:
5750:
5741:
5735:
5724:
5718:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5679:
5666:
5660:
5651:
5645:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5446:
5440:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5413:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5349:
5343:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5094:
5085:
5079:
5062:
5056:
5047:
5041:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5017:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4857:
4851:
4845:
4839:
4833:
4822:
4816:
4810:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4780:
4769:
4763:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4561:
4560:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4144:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4087:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3586:
3564:
3555:caste, c.a. 1909
3545:
3534:Tirupparankunram
3529:
3510:
3495:
3483:
3423:newspapers were
3085:Buckingham canal
2931:Karur Vysya Bank
2923:Corporation Bank
2893:, Masulipatnam,
2868:Arbuthnot family
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2640:Hogenakkal Falls
2624:irrigation tanks
2612:Mullaperiyar Dam
2484:
2476:
2444:Sir Thomas Munro
2368:Tanjore district
2356:
2344:
2318:Sir Thomas Munro
2286:Siege of Lucknow
2086:Pitt's India Act
1989:, an apostle of
1751:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1691:Dakshina Kannada
1373:
1364:
1314:Home Rule League
1230:Advocate-General
993:Thomas Greenhill
991:(1644β1648) and
977:Coromandel Coast
798:Second World War
790:Governor-General
786:Pitt's India Act
694:, almost all of
652:
645:
638:
555:
554:
548:
547:
512:
511:
505:
504:
498:Portuguese India
439:
438:
428:Map of colonial
426:
412:
411:
388:
387:
376:
375:
363:
362:
356:
355:
340:
339:
146:George McCartney
115:
97:
82:
68:
50:
49:
42:
41:
32:
31:
21:
18743:
18742:
18738:
18737:
18736:
18734:
18733:
18732:
18713:Colonial Kerala
18668:
18667:
18658:
18656:
18654:13.08Β°N 80.27Β°E
18652:
18649:
18644:
18641:
18639:
18637:
18636:
18634:
18629:
18609:
18607:
18581:
18502:Thirumudivakkam
18427:Rathinamangalam
18377:Perumathunallur
18362:Pazhanthandalam
17985:
17751:Chennai Central
17724:
17695:Velappanchavadi
17610:Sunguvarchatram
17535:Poochi Athipedu
17525:Periyapanicheri
17250:Irungattukottai
17220:Chembarambakkam
17160:Anna Nagar West
17130:Alwarthirunagar
17113:
17074:Vilangadupakkam
17044:Vazhuthigaimedu
17019:Vadaperumbakkam
16979:Thiruvellavoyal
16694:Mettu Thandalam
16674:Manali New Town
16414:Avurikollaimedu
16318:
16299:
16295:Kohinoor Asiana
16215:ITC Grand Chola
16166:
16058:
16012:
16009:
15997:
15951:
15895:
15893:
15886:
15850:
15824:
15817:
15808:Vels University
15753:Anna University
15741:
15664:
15645:
15615:
15606:Chennai Spikers
15589:
15573:
15557:
15553:Tamil Thalaivas
15541:
15520:
15516:Chennai Veerans
15499:
15478:
15455:
15390:
15365:
15324:
15268:
15266:
15259:
15240:Outer Ring Road
15235:Inner Ring Road
15230:East Coast Road
15198:
15196:
15178:
15159:Chennai Central
15147:
15116:
15102:
15071:
15051:
15030:
15009:
14975:Armenian Church
14963:
14859:Ayyappan Temple
14826:
14805:
14779:
14701:
14660:
14614:Periodic events
14609:
14573:
14515:
14489:
14482:
14432:
14411:
14380:
14321:Murugappa Group
14256:Chettinad Group
14228:
14222:
14191:
14129:
14119:
14098:
14031:
14007:Thousand Lights
13868:
13844:Chennai Central
13819:
13801:
13767:Tirukalukundram
13723:
13650:
13580:
13545:
13524:
13495:Gandhi Mandapam
13478:
13452:
13438:Valluvar Kottam
13359:
13352:
13326:
13310:Reserve Forests
13305:
13274:
13248:
13179:Pallavaram Lake
13159:Madhavaram Lake
13134:Cholavaram aeri
13104:Adambakkam Lake
13090:
13054:
13040:Central Chennai
13019:
12994:
12958:
12872:
12815:
12801:Pallava Dynasty
12775:
12762:
12757:
12727:
12722:
12714:
12712:
12706:
12606:
12602:Sambalpuri sari
12597:Odisha Rasagola
12532:Berhampur Patta
12518:
12381:
12320:
12259:
12193:
12191:
12183:
12149:Flora and Fauna
12135:
12121:Utkal Sammilani
12106:Gajapati Empire
12071:Mathara dynasty
12061:Murunda dynasty
12032:
11991:Chief ministers
11972:
11963:
11890:
11878:
11864:
11834:
11829:
11821:
11819:
11813:
11799:Venad (kingdom)
11749:
11513:
11347:
11213:Kottappadi Part
11069:
10706:
10663:
10265:
10221:Indian elephant
10198:
10115:
10111:Kasaragod KL-14
10096:Kozhikode KL-11
10076:Ernakulam KL-07
10061:Alappuzha KL-04
10032:
10017:
10003:
9973:
9968:
9960:
9958:
9952:
9916:
9892:Gajapati Empire
9882:Velanati Chodas
9857:Pallava dynasty
9832:Andhra Ikshvaku
9813:
9760:
9729:
9546:
9523:
9380:
9352:
9324:Great Snakehead
9261:
9173:
9161:
9148:
9146:
9144:
9114:
9109:
9054:
9030:Punjab Province
9020:Orissa Province
9005:Nagpur Province
8946:Bengal Province
8901:
8863:Agra Presidency
8851:
8842:
8833:
8796:
8791:
8785:
8766:
8720:
8699:
8680:
8661:
8638:
8619:
8611:. CUP Archive.
8600:
8578:
8550:
8529:
8510:
8491:
8470:
8449:
8421:
8391:
8369:
8367:
8365:
8344:
8325:
8306:
8287:
8257:
8238:
8216:
8172:
8153:
8131:
8117:Gough, Kathleen
8109:
8090:
8068:
8049:
8021:
8002:
7981:
7960:
7941:
7922:
7903:
7882:
7828:
7640:
7610:
7581:Thurston, Edgar
7573:
7562:
7551:. Oxford Press.
7534:Slater, Gilbert
7456:
7451:
7450:
7442:
7438:
7430:
7426:
7418:
7414:
7404:
7402:
7384:
7377:
7367:
7365:
7345:
7338:
7328:
7326:
7309:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7270:
7266:
7258:
7254:
7246:
7242:
7234:
7230:
7222:
7218:
7210:
7206:
7198:
7194:
7186:
7182:
7174:
7170:
7162:
7158:
7148:
7146:
7129:
7125:
7117:
7113:
7105:
7101:
7093:
7089:
7083:Chatterjee 2006
7081:
7077:
7069:
7065:
7057:
7053:
7045:
7041:
7033:
7029:
7021:
7017:
7009:
7005:
6997:
6993:
6985:
6981:
6973:
6969:
6961:
6954:
6946:
6939:
6931:
6927:
6919:
6915:
6907:
6903:
6895:
6888:
6880:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6853:
6849:
6841:
6837:
6829:
6825:
6815:
6813:
6804:
6803:
6799:
6791:
6787:
6779:
6775:
6767:
6760:
6752:
6748:
6740:
6733:
6725:
6721:
6711:
6709:
6708:on 11 June 2010
6700:
6699:
6695:
6687:
6678:
6668:
6666:
6649:
6636:
6628:
6621:
6613:
6604:
6596:
6592:
6584:
6577:
6569:
6565:
6555:
6553:
6544:
6543:
6532:
6524:
6515:
6505:
6503:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6481:
6474:
6458:
6457:
6450:
6448:
6437:
6433:
6425:
6421:
6413:
6406:
6398:
6394:
6386:
6369:
6361:
6354:
6346:
6337:
6329:
6316:
6308:
6301:
6291:
6289:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6261:
6254:
6246:
6242:
6234:
6223:
6215:
6211:
6201:
6199:
6179:
6168:
6160:
6156:
6148:
6141:
6133:
6126:
6118:
6114:
6106:
6102:
6094:
6087:
6079:
6075:
6067:
6063:
6055:
6048:
6038:
6036:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6014:
6010:
6002:
5998:
5990:
5986:
5978:
5974:
5966:
5959:
5951:
5944:
5936:
5929:
5921:
5914:
5906:
5902:
5894:
5885:
5877:
5873:
5865:
5858:
5850:
5843:
5835:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5811:
5807:
5799:
5790:
5782:
5759:
5751:
5744:
5736:
5727:
5719:
5712:
5704:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5680:
5669:
5661:
5654:
5646:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5615:
5607:
5600:
5592:
5588:
5580:
5569:
5561:
5557:
5549:
5545:
5537:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5513:
5509:
5501:
5497:
5489:
5485:
5477:
5473:
5465:
5461:
5453:
5449:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5422:
5414:
5403:
5395:
5391:
5383:
5376:
5368:
5364:
5356:
5352:
5344:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5290:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5266:
5262:
5254:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5214:
5206:
5202:
5194:
5190:
5182:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5158:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5130:
5122:
5115:
5107:
5103:
5095:
5088:
5080:
5065:
5057:
5050:
5042:
5033:
5025:
5021:
5014:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4967:
4963:
4952:
4948:
4933:"Right to pray"
4931:
4930:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4906:
4902:
4894:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4854:
4846:
4842:
4834:
4825:
4817:
4813:
4805:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4781:
4772:
4764:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4677:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4656:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4612:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4588:
4584:
4573:
4564:
4553:
4549:
4541:
4537:
4529:
4520:
4512:
4508:
4500:
4493:
4485:
4481:
4473:
4469:
4461:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4433:
4425:
4421:
4413:
4406:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4380:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4326:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4297:on 25 June 2008
4289:
4288:
4284:
4276:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4200:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4118:
4111:
4103:
4099:
4088:
4081:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4037:
4033:
4025:
4021:
4013:
4009:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3850:
3846:
3838:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3775:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3690:on 7 April 2014
3676:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3578:
3565:
3556:
3546:
3537:
3530:
3521:
3511:
3502:
3496:
3487:
3484:
3456:Keechaka Vadham
3448:All India Radio
3429:established by
3286:marumakkathayam
3280:
3154:
3125:Edward Harrison
3106:Nevill Vintcent
3102:Royal Air Force
3097:St Thomas Mount
3050:Chennai Central
2971:
2911:City Union Bank
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2733:Quilon (CoulΓ£o)
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2649:
2532:ladies' fingers
2503:
2482:
2474:
2430:Lord Cornwallis
2332:
2322:Ryotwari System
2310:
2202:
2188:
2082:
2076:
2036:Raja of Bobbili
2024:Raja of Panagal
1868:
1823:
1817:
1733:
1727:
1595:
1575:
1544:Sir Arthur Hope
1512:
1476:E. V. Ramaswamy
1457:Raja of Bobbili
1418:Mylapore clique
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1348:
1294:Madam Blavatsky
1263:
1257:
1173:
1167:
1108:princely states
1084:
1078:
1070:Carnatic region
1066:Carnatic Treaty
1035:Carnatic region
1015:
1010:
985:
900:
869:Pallava dynasty
846:
841:
668:Madras Province
656:
609:Princely states
549:
545:
544:
543:
506:
502:
501:
500:
433:
385:
360:
331:
310:
308:State of Madras
306:and renamed as
293:
280:
266:
254:New Imperialism
239:
223:
196:
184:
154:
142:
111:
100:
88:
87:
86:
83:
75:
74:
69:
51:
47:
46:
45:
43:
39:
38:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18741:
18731:
18730:
18725:
18720:
18715:
18710:
18705:
18700:
18695:
18690:
18685:
18680:
18631:
18630:
18628:
18627:
18617:
18605:
18594:
18591:
18590:
18587:
18586:
18583:
18582:
18580:
18579:
18574:
18569:
18564:
18559:
18554:
18549:
18544:
18539:
18534:
18529:
18524:
18522:Thiruvidandhai
18519:
18514:
18509:
18507:Thiruneermalai
18504:
18499:
18494:
18489:
18484:
18479:
18474:
18469:
18464:
18459:
18454:
18449:
18447:Sholinganallur
18444:
18439:
18434:
18429:
18424:
18419:
18417:Puzhuthivakkam
18414:
18409:
18404:
18399:
18394:
18392:Perunthandalam
18389:
18384:
18379:
18374:
18369:
18367:Peerkankaranai
18364:
18359:
18354:
18349:
18344:
18339:
18334:
18329:
18324:
18322:Palavanthangal
18319:
18314:
18309:
18304:
18299:
18294:
18289:
18284:
18279:
18274:
18269:
18264:
18259:
18254:
18249:
18244:
18239:
18234:
18229:
18224:
18219:
18214:
18209:
18204:
18199:
18194:
18189:
18184:
18179:
18174:
18169:
18164:
18159:
18154:
18149:
18144:
18142:Kattankulathur
18139:
18134:
18129:
18124:
18119:
18114:
18109:
18104:
18099:
18094:
18089:
18084:
18079:
18074:
18069:
18064:
18059:
18054:
18049:
18044:
18039:
18034:
18029:
18024:
18019:
18014:
18009:
18004:
17999:
17993:
17991:
17987:
17986:
17984:
17983:
17978:
17973:
17968:
17963:
17958:
17953:
17948:
17943:
17938:
17933:
17928:
17923:
17918:
17916:Quibble Island
17913:
17908:
17903:
17898:
17893:
17888:
17883:
17881:Parry's Corner
17878:
17873:
17868:
17863:
17858:
17853:
17848:
17843:
17838:
17833:
17828:
17823:
17818:
17813:
17808:
17803:
17798:
17796:Greenways Road
17793:
17788:
17783:
17778:
17773:
17768:
17763:
17758:
17753:
17748:
17743:
17738:
17732:
17730:
17726:
17725:
17723:
17722:
17717:
17712:
17707:
17702:
17697:
17692:
17687:
17682:
17677:
17672:
17670:Valasaravakkam
17667:
17662:
17657:
17652:
17647:
17642:
17637:
17632:
17627:
17622:
17617:
17612:
17607:
17602:
17597:
17592:
17587:
17582:
17577:
17572:
17567:
17562:
17557:
17552:
17547:
17542:
17537:
17532:
17527:
17522:
17517:
17512:
17507:
17502:
17497:
17492:
17487:
17482:
17477:
17472:
17467:
17462:
17457:
17452:
17447:
17442:
17437:
17435:Nazarathpettai
17432:
17430:Narasingapuram
17427:
17422:
17417:
17412:
17407:
17402:
17397:
17392:
17387:
17385:Mettu Kandigai
17382:
17377:
17375:Manavala Nagar
17372:
17367:
17362:
17357:
17352:
17347:
17345:Kumananchavadi
17342:
17337:
17332:
17327:
17322:
17317:
17312:
17307:
17302:
17297:
17295:Karayanchavadi
17292:
17287:
17282:
17277:
17272:
17267:
17262:
17257:
17255:Iyyapanthangal
17252:
17247:
17242:
17240:Govardhanagiri
17237:
17232:
17227:
17222:
17217:
17212:
17207:
17202:
17197:
17192:
17187:
17182:
17177:
17172:
17167:
17162:
17157:
17152:
17147:
17142:
17137:
17132:
17127:
17121:
17119:
17115:
17114:
17112:
17111:
17106:
17101:
17096:
17091:
17086:
17081:
17076:
17071:
17066:
17061:
17056:
17051:
17046:
17041:
17036:
17031:
17029:Vallalar Nagar
17026:
17021:
17016:
17011:
17006:
17001:
16996:
16991:
16986:
16981:
16976:
16971:
16966:
16961:
16956:
16951:
16946:
16941:
16936:
16934:Sothuperumbedu
16931:
16926:
16921:
16916:
16911:
16906:
16901:
16896:
16891:
16886:
16881:
16876:
16871:
16866:
16861:
16856:
16851:
16846:
16841:
16836:
16831:
16826:
16821:
16819:Ponniammanmedu
16816:
16811:
16806:
16801:
16796:
16791:
16786:
16781:
16776:
16771:
16766:
16761:
16756:
16751:
16746:
16741:
16736:
16734:Naravarikuppam
16731:
16726:
16721:
16716:
16711:
16706:
16701:
16696:
16691:
16689:Mettu Surapedu
16686:
16681:
16676:
16671:
16666:
16661:
16656:
16651:
16646:
16641:
16636:
16631:
16626:
16621:
16616:
16611:
16606:
16601:
16596:
16591:
16586:
16581:
16576:
16571:
16566:
16561:
16556:
16551:
16546:
16541:
16536:
16531:
16526:
16521:
16516:
16511:
16509:Janapanchatram
16506:
16501:
16496:
16494:Gounderpalayam
16491:
16486:
16481:
16476:
16471:
16469:Elanthancherry
16466:
16461:
16456:
16451:
16446:
16441:
16436:
16431:
16426:
16421:
16416:
16411:
16406:
16401:
16396:
16391:
16386:
16381:
16376:
16371:
16366:
16361:
16356:
16351:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16330:
16328:
16320:
16319:
16309:
16308:
16305:
16304:
16301:
16300:
16298:
16297:
16292:
16290:Westin Chennai
16287:
16282:
16277:
16272:
16267:
16262:
16257:
16252:
16247:
16242:
16237:
16235:Trident Hilton
16232:
16227:
16222:
16220:Hilton Chennai
16217:
16212:
16207:
16205:Taj Mount Road
16202:
16200:Chola Sheraton
16197:
16192:
16187:
16182:
16180:Taj Coromandel
16176:
16174:
16168:
16167:
16165:
16164:
16159:
16154:
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16119:
16114:
16109:
16104:
16099:
16094:
16089:
16084:
16079:
16074:
16068:
16066:
16060:
16059:
16057:
16056:
16051:
16046:
16041:
16036:
16031:
16026:
16021:
16015:
16013:
16006:
16003:
16002:
15999:
15998:
15996:
15995:
15990:
15985:
15980:
15975:
15970:
15965:
15959:
15957:
15953:
15952:
15950:
15949:
15944:
15939:
15934:
15929:
15924:
15919:
15914:
15909:
15904:
15898:
15896:
15891:
15888:
15887:
15885:
15884:
15879:
15874:
15869:
15864:
15858:
15856:
15852:
15851:
15849:
15848:
15843:
15838:
15833:
15827:
15825:
15822:
15819:
15818:
15816:
15815:
15810:
15805:
15800:
15795:
15790:
15785:
15780:
15775:
15770:
15765:
15760:
15755:
15749:
15747:
15740:
15739:
15734:
15729:
15724:
15719:
15714:
15709:
15707:DakshinaChitra
15704:
15699:
15694:
15689:
15684:
15678:
15676:
15666:
15665:
15655:
15654:
15651:
15650:
15647:
15646:
15644:
15643:
15638:
15633:
15627:
15625:
15621:
15620:
15617:
15616:
15614:
15613:
15608:
15603:
15597:
15595:
15591:
15590:
15588:
15587:
15581:
15579:
15575:
15574:
15572:
15571:
15565:
15563:
15559:
15558:
15556:
15555:
15549:
15547:
15543:
15542:
15540:
15539:
15534:
15528:
15526:
15522:
15521:
15519:
15518:
15513:
15507:
15505:
15501:
15500:
15498:
15497:
15492:
15486:
15484:
15480:
15479:
15477:
15476:
15470:
15468:
15461:
15457:
15456:
15454:
15453:
15448:
15443:
15438:
15433:
15428:
15423:
15418:
15413:
15408:
15402:
15400:
15392:
15391:
15379:
15378:
15375:
15374:
15371:
15370:
15367:
15366:
15364:
15363:
15358:
15353:
15348:
15343:
15338:
15332:
15330:
15326:
15325:
15323:
15322:
15317:
15312:
15307:
15302:
15297:
15292:
15287:
15282:
15277:
15271:
15269:
15264:
15261:
15260:
15258:
15257:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15232:
15227:
15222:
15217:
15215:Chennai Bypass
15212:
15207:
15201:
15199:
15194:
15188:
15184:
15183:
15180:
15179:
15177:
15176:
15171:
15166:
15164:Chennai Egmore
15161:
15155:
15153:
15149:
15148:
15146:
15145:
15140:
15135:
15130:
15125:
15119:
15117:
15114:
15108:
15104:
15103:
15101:
15100:
15095:
15090:
15085:
15079:
15077:
15073:
15072:
15070:
15069:
15063:
15061:
15053:
15052:
15040:
15039:
15036:
15035:
15032:
15031:
15029:
15028:
15023:
15017:
15015:
15011:
15010:
15008:
15007:
15002:
14997:
14992:
14987:
14982:
14977:
14971:
14969:
14965:
14964:
14962:
14961:
14956:
14951:
14946:
14941:
14936:
14931:
14926:
14921:
14919:Madhya Kailash
14916:
14911:
14906:
14901:
14896:
14891:
14886:
14881:
14876:
14871:
14866:
14861:
14856:
14851:
14846:
14840:
14838:
14828:
14827:
14815:
14814:
14811:
14810:
14807:
14806:
14804:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14787:
14785:
14781:
14780:
14778:
14777:
14772:
14767:
14762:
14757:
14752:
14747:
14745:Express Avenue
14742:
14737:
14732:
14727:
14722:
14717:
14711:
14709:
14707:Shopping malls
14703:
14702:
14700:
14699:
14694:
14689:
14684:
14679:
14674:
14668:
14666:
14662:
14661:
14659:
14658:
14653:
14648:
14643:
14638:
14633:
14628:
14623:
14617:
14615:
14611:
14610:
14608:
14607:
14605:Shanti Theatre
14602:
14597:
14592:
14587:
14581:
14579:
14575:
14574:
14572:
14571:
14566:
14561:
14559:Semmoli Poonga
14556:
14551:
14546:
14541:
14536:
14531:
14525:
14523:
14517:
14516:
14514:
14513:
14508:
14503:
14501:Elliot's Beach
14498:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14484:
14483:
14481:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14444:
14442:
14434:
14433:
14421:
14420:
14417:
14416:
14413:
14412:
14410:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14394:
14388:
14386:
14382:
14381:
14379:
14378:
14373:
14371:Vallur Thermal
14368:
14363:
14358:
14353:
14348:
14343:
14338:
14333:
14328:
14323:
14318:
14313:
14308:
14303:
14298:
14293:
14288:
14286:Higginbotham's
14283:
14278:
14273:
14271:Ennore Thermal
14268:
14263:
14258:
14253:
14248:
14243:
14238:
14232:
14230:
14227:Companies and
14224:
14223:
14221:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14205:
14199:
14197:
14193:
14192:
14190:
14189:
14184:
14179:
14177:Ritchie Street
14174:
14169:
14164:
14159:
14157:Parry's Corner
14154:
14149:
14144:
14139:
14133:
14131:
14121:
14120:
14108:
14107:
14104:
14103:
14100:
14099:
14097:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14085:
14084:
14074:
14069:
14064:
14059:
14054:
14049:
14043:
14041:
14040:Nodal agencies
14037:
14036:
14033:
14032:
14030:
14029:
14024:
14019:
14014:
14009:
14004:
13999:
13994:
13989:
13984:
13979:
13977:Sholinganallur
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13929:
13924:
13919:
13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13878:
13876:
13870:
13869:
13867:
13866:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13846:
13840:
13838:
13836:Parliamentary
13829:
13828:Constituencies
13825:
13824:
13821:
13820:
13818:
13817:
13811:
13809:
13803:
13802:
13800:
13799:
13794:
13789:
13784:
13779:
13774:
13769:
13764:
13759:
13754:
13749:
13744:
13742:Sholinganallur
13739:
13733:
13731:
13725:
13724:
13722:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13676:
13671:
13666:
13660:
13658:
13652:
13651:
13649:
13648:
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13597:
13595:
13586:
13582:
13581:
13579:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13557:
13555:
13547:
13546:
13534:
13533:
13530:
13529:
13526:
13525:
13523:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13486:
13484:
13480:
13479:
13477:
13476:
13471:
13466:
13460:
13458:
13454:
13453:
13451:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13420:
13418:Ripon Building
13415:
13410:
13405:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13388:Chepauk Palace
13385:
13380:
13375:
13370:
13364:
13362:
13354:
13353:
13351:
13350:
13345:
13340:
13334:
13332:
13328:
13327:
13325:
13324:
13319:
13313:
13311:
13307:
13306:
13304:
13303:
13298:
13293:
13288:
13282:
13280:
13276:
13275:
13273:
13272:
13267:
13265:Quibble Island
13262:
13256:
13254:
13250:
13249:
13247:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13231:
13229:Velachery Lake
13226:
13221:
13216:
13211:
13209:Red Hills Lake
13206:
13201:
13196:
13191:
13189:Perungudi Lake
13186:
13181:
13176:
13171:
13166:
13161:
13156:
13151:
13146:
13141:
13136:
13131:
13126:
13121:
13116:
13111:
13106:
13100:
13098:
13092:
13091:
13089:
13088:
13083:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13062:
13060:
13056:
13055:
13053:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13031:
13029:
13021:
13020:
13004:
13003:
13000:
12999:
12996:
12995:
12993:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12966:
12964:
12960:
12959:
12957:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12916:
12911:
12906:
12901:
12896:
12891:
12886:
12880:
12878:
12874:
12873:
12871:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12823:
12821:
12817:
12816:
12814:
12813:
12808:
12803:
12798:
12793:
12787:
12785:
12777:
12776:
12764:
12763:
12756:
12755:
12748:
12741:
12733:
12724:
12723:
12711:
12708:
12707:
12705:
12704:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12683:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12616:
12614:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12579:
12574:
12569:
12564:
12562:Habaspuri sari
12559:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12528:
12526:
12520:
12519:
12517:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12416:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12395:
12393:
12387:
12386:
12383:
12382:
12380:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12344:
12339:
12334:
12328:
12326:
12322:
12321:
12319:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12267:
12265:
12261:
12260:
12258:
12257:
12252:
12247:
12242:
12237:
12232:
12227:
12222:
12217:
12212:
12206:
12204:
12197:
12185:
12184:
12182:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12145:
12143:
12137:
12136:
12134:
12133:
12128:
12126:Historic sites
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12091:Bhanja dynasty
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12042:
12040:
12034:
12033:
12031:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
12004:
12003:
12001:Constituencies
11993:
11988:
11982:
11980:
11974:
11973:
11966:
11964:
11962:
11961:
11955:
11946:
11937:
11928:
11919:
11910:
11900:
11898:
11892:
11891:
11883:
11880:
11879:
11863:
11862:
11855:
11848:
11840:
11831:
11830:
11818:
11815:
11814:
11812:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11790:
11789:
11784:
11774:
11769:
11763:
11761:
11755:
11754:
11751:
11750:
11748:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11582:
11577:
11572:
11567:
11562:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11542:
11540:Chirayinkeezhu
11537:
11532:
11527:
11521:
11519:
11515:
11514:
11512:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11476:
11474:Vadakkencherry
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11355:
11353:
11349:
11348:
11346:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11258:Muzhappilangad
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11223:Padinharethara
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11084:
11082:
11075:
11071:
11070:
11068:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11035:Thrippunithura
11032:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
11000:Sreekandapuram
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10975:Perinthalmanna
10972:
10967:
10965:Pathanamthitta
10962:
10957:
10955:Parappanangadi
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10815:Karunagappalli
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10716:
10714:
10712:Municipalities
10708:
10707:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10673:
10671:
10665:
10664:
10662:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10579:Sultan Bathery
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10559:Perinthalmanna
10556:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10379:Karunagappalli
10376:
10374:Karthikappally
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10324:Chirayinkeezhu
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10275:
10273:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10263:
10261:Papilio buddha
10258:
10255:
10250:
10247:
10242:
10239:
10234:
10231:
10226:
10223:
10218:
10215:
10213:Great hornbill
10210:
10206:
10204:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10125:
10123:
10117:
10116:
10114:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10086:Palakkad KL-09
10083:
10081:Thrissur KL-08
10078:
10073:
10068:
10066:Kottayam KL-05
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10042:
10040:
10034:
10033:
10022:
10019:
10018:
10002:
10001:
9994:
9987:
9979:
9970:
9969:
9957:
9954:
9953:
9951:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9924:
9922:
9918:
9917:
9915:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9837:Ananda Gotrika
9834:
9829:
9823:
9821:
9815:
9814:
9812:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9789:National parks
9786:
9781:
9776:
9770:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9745:
9739:
9737:
9731:
9730:
9728:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9690:Tadepalligudem
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9575:Chilakaluripet
9572:
9567:
9562:
9556:
9554:
9548:
9547:
9545:
9544:
9539:
9533:
9531:
9525:
9524:
9522:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9494:Sri Sathya Sai
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9390:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9378:
9373:
9371:Coastal Andhra
9368:
9362:
9360:
9354:
9353:
9351:
9350:
9345:
9342:
9337:
9334:
9329:
9326:
9321:
9318:
9313:
9310:
9305:
9302:
9297:
9294:
9289:
9286:
9281:
9278:
9273:
9269:
9267:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9183:
9181:
9175:
9174:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9159:Andhra Pradesh
9143:
9142:
9135:
9128:
9120:
9111:
9110:
9108:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9070:
9065:
9059:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8995:
8990:
8988:Delhi Province
8985:
8983:Coorg Province
8980:
8975:
8970:
8963:
8961:Bihar Province
8958:
8953:
8951:Berar Province
8948:
8943:
8938:
8936:Assam Province
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8909:
8907:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8899:
8893:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8852:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8832:
8831:
8824:
8817:
8809:
8803:
8802:
8795:
8794:External links
8792:
8790:
8789:
8783:
8770:
8764:
8751:
8742:
8733:
8724:
8718:
8703:
8697:
8684:
8678:
8665:
8659:
8642:
8636:
8623:
8617:
8604:
8598:
8582:
8576:
8563:
8554:
8548:
8533:
8527:
8514:
8508:
8495:
8489:
8474:
8468:
8453:
8447:
8434:
8425:
8419:
8404:
8395:
8389:
8376:
8363:
8348:
8342:
8329:
8323:
8310:
8304:
8291:
8285:
8272:
8270:. CUP Archive.
8261:
8255:
8242:
8236:
8224:Kothari, Rajni
8220:
8214:
8201:
8176:
8170:
8157:
8151:
8135:
8129:
8113:
8107:
8094:
8088:
8072:
8066:
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8034:
8025:
8019:
8006:
8000:
7985:
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7964:
7958:
7945:
7939:
7926:
7920:
7907:
7901:
7886:
7880:
7867:
7858:
7850:
7841:
7832:
7826:
7811:
7800:
7791:
7780:
7768:
7757:
7748:
7746:. A. C. Black.
7744:Southern India
7739:
7728:
7717:
7708:
7697:"Madras"
7694:, ed. (1911).
7692:Chisholm, Hugh
7688:
7674:
7660:
7650:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7638:
7625:
7614:
7608:
7591:
7577:
7571:
7553:
7544:
7530:
7513:
7510:
7501:
7490:
7481:
7472:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7449:
7448:
7436:
7424:
7412:
7375:
7336:
7298:
7264:
7252:
7240:
7228:
7216:
7204:
7200:Finnemore 1917
7192:
7180:
7178:, p. 224.
7168:
7166:, p. 213.
7156:
7123:
7111:
7099:
7087:
7075:
7063:
7051:
7039:
7027:
7015:
7003:
6991:
6987:Finnemore 1917
6979:
6975:Finnemore 1917
6967:
6963:Finnemore 1917
6952:
6948:Finnemore 1917
6937:
6933:Finnemore 1917
6925:
6913:
6901:
6886:
6882:Finnemore 1917
6871:
6859:
6847:
6835:
6823:
6797:
6785:
6773:
6758:
6746:
6731:
6719:
6693:
6676:
6634:
6619:
6602:
6590:
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6530:
6513:
6487:
6472:
6431:
6419:
6404:
6392:
6367:
6352:
6335:
6314:
6299:
6267:
6252:
6240:
6221:
6209:
6166:
6154:
6139:
6124:
6112:
6100:
6085:
6073:
6061:
6046:
6020:
6008:
5996:
5984:
5972:
5957:
5942:
5927:
5912:
5900:
5883:
5871:
5856:
5841:
5829:
5817:
5805:
5788:
5784:Steinberg 1950
5757:
5742:
5725:
5710:
5698:
5686:
5667:
5652:
5637:
5625:
5613:
5598:
5586:
5567:
5555:
5543:
5531:
5527:Steinberg 1950
5519:
5515:Steinberg 1950
5507:
5505:, p. 290.
5495:
5483:
5471:
5459:
5447:
5432:
5420:
5401:
5389:
5374:
5362:
5350:
5329:
5317:
5308:
5296:
5284:
5272:
5260:
5248:
5236:
5224:
5212:
5200:
5188:
5176:
5164:
5152:
5140:
5128:
5113:
5111:, p. 291.
5101:
5086:
5063:
5059:Sadasivan 1974
5048:
5031:
5019:
5013:978-8189909970
5012:
4994:
4961:
4946:
4924:
4912:
4900:
4888:
4876:
4864:
4852:
4848:Steinberg 1950
4840:
4836:Steinberg 1950
4823:
4811:
4799:
4787:
4770:
4755:
4751:Steinberg 1950
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4687:
4662:
4650:
4618:
4606:
4594:
4590:Ramaswamy 1997
4582:
4562:
4547:
4535:
4518:
4506:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4404:
4364:
4334:
4323:on 3 June 2008
4308:
4282:
4270:
4258:
4246:
4234:
4230:Sadasivan 1974
4222:
4218:Sadasivan 1974
4210:
4179:
4167:
4164:Pramanand 1985
4156:
4124:
4109:
4097:
4079:
4067:
4063:Sadasivan 1974
4055:
4051:Sadasivan 1974
4043:
4039:Sadasivan 1974
4031:
4027:Sadasivan 1974
4019:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3947:
3943:Tara Dutt 2015
3935:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3882:Madras Courier
3868:
3856:
3844:
3832:
3820:
3816:Chaudhuri 2006
3808:
3796:
3773:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3669:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3596:
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3591:
3588:
3581:
3579:
3566:
3559:
3557:
3547:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3522:
3512:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3478:
3460:Sati Sulochana
3454:'s Tamil film
3412:Madras Courier
3381:Carnatic music
3343:marmakkathayam
3279:
3276:
3245:Loyola College
3243:at Mangalore,
3153:
3150:
2970:
2967:
2963:Bank of Madura
2939:Karnataka Bank
2907:British Ceylon
2897:, Negapataam,
2855:Arbuthnot Bank
2648:
2645:
2560:custard apples
2502:
2499:
2309:
2306:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2198:Main article:
2187:
2184:
2075:
2074:Administration
2072:
1897:) boy, c. 1914
1877:students at a
1867:
1864:
1816:
1813:
1806:
1805:
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1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1726:
1723:
1623:Andhra Pradesh
1615:southern India
1594:
1591:
1574:
1571:
1511:
1508:
1461:1937 elections
1378:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:Main article:
1347:
1344:
1256:
1253:
1166:
1163:
1124:Vellore Mutiny
1100:Lord Wellesley
1098:originated by
1077:
1074:
1058:Nawab of Arcot
1014:
1011:
1006:Main article:
984:
981:
961:Fort St George
928:Mughal Emperor
924:Sir Thomas Roe
899:
896:
861:Pandya dynasty
845:
842:
840:
837:
815:Following the
770:Fort St George
759:Madhya Pradesh
692:Andhra Pradesh
688:southern India
682:and later the
658:
657:
655:
654:
647:
640:
632:
629:
628:
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621:
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496:
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492:
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488:
485:
479:
478:
475:
469:
468:
465:
459:
458:
455:
449:
448:
445:
443:Austrian India
435:
434:
427:
419:
418:
416:Colonial India
408:
407:
402:
398:
397:
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393:
390:
389:
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271:
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250:Historical era
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122:
118:summer capital
106:
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101:
98:
90:
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84:
77:
76:
70:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
53:
52:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18740:
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18523:
18520:
18518:
18517:Thiruvanmiyur
18515:
18513:
18510:
18508:
18505:
18503:
18500:
18498:
18495:
18493:
18490:
18488:
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18483:
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18463:
18462:Sithalapakkam
18460:
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18455:
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18450:
18448:
18445:
18443:
18440:
18438:
18435:
18433:
18430:
18428:
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18423:
18422:Rajakilpakkam
18420:
18418:
18415:
18413:
18410:
18408:
18405:
18403:
18400:
18398:
18395:
18393:
18390:
18388:
18385:
18383:
18382:Perungalathur
18380:
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18370:
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18340:
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18313:
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18218:
18215:
18213:
18210:
18208:
18205:
18203:
18200:
18198:
18195:
18193:
18192:Madhuvankarai
18190:
18188:
18185:
18183:
18180:
18178:
18177:Kovilambakkam
18175:
18173:
18170:
18168:
18165:
18163:
18160:
18158:
18155:
18153:
18150:
18148:
18145:
18143:
18140:
18138:
18135:
18133:
18130:
18128:
18125:
18123:
18120:
18118:
18117:Kandanchavadi
18115:
18113:
18110:
18108:
18105:
18103:
18102:Jafferkhanpet
18100:
18098:
18095:
18093:
18090:
18088:
18085:
18083:
18082:Hasthinapuram
18080:
18078:
18075:
18073:
18070:
18068:
18065:
18063:
18060:
18058:
18055:
18053:
18050:
18048:
18047:Ekkaduthangal
18045:
18043:
18040:
18038:
18035:
18033:
18030:
18028:
18025:
18023:
18020:
18018:
18015:
18013:
18010:
18008:
18005:
18003:
18000:
17998:
17995:
17994:
17992:
17988:
17982:
17981:West Mambalam
17979:
17977:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17967:
17964:
17962:
17959:
17957:
17954:
17952:
17949:
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17942:
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17934:
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17929:
17927:
17924:
17922:
17919:
17917:
17914:
17912:
17909:
17907:
17904:
17902:
17899:
17897:
17894:
17892:
17889:
17887:
17884:
17882:
17879:
17877:
17874:
17872:
17869:
17867:
17864:
17862:
17859:
17857:
17854:
17852:
17849:
17847:
17844:
17842:
17839:
17837:
17834:
17832:
17829:
17827:
17824:
17822:
17819:
17817:
17814:
17812:
17809:
17807:
17804:
17802:
17799:
17797:
17794:
17792:
17789:
17787:
17784:
17782:
17779:
17777:
17774:
17772:
17769:
17767:
17764:
17762:
17759:
17757:
17754:
17752:
17749:
17747:
17744:
17742:
17739:
17737:
17734:
17733:
17731:
17727:
17721:
17720:Virugambakkam
17718:
17716:
17713:
17711:
17708:
17706:
17703:
17701:
17698:
17696:
17693:
17691:
17688:
17686:
17683:
17681:
17678:
17676:
17673:
17671:
17668:
17666:
17663:
17661:
17658:
17656:
17655:Thiruninravur
17653:
17651:
17648:
17646:
17645:Thirumazhisai
17643:
17641:
17640:Thirumangalam
17638:
17636:
17635:Thathankuppam
17633:
17631:
17628:
17626:
17623:
17621:
17620:Tamaraipakkam
17618:
17616:
17613:
17611:
17608:
17606:
17605:Sriperumbudur
17603:
17601:
17598:
17596:
17593:
17591:
17588:
17586:
17583:
17581:
17578:
17576:
17573:
17571:
17568:
17566:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17550:Poonthandalam
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17536:
17533:
17531:
17528:
17526:
17523:
17521:
17518:
17516:
17515:Pattaravakkam
17513:
17511:
17508:
17506:
17503:
17501:
17498:
17496:
17493:
17491:
17488:
17486:
17483:
17481:
17478:
17476:
17473:
17471:
17468:
17466:
17463:
17461:
17458:
17456:
17453:
17451:
17448:
17446:
17443:
17441:
17438:
17436:
17433:
17431:
17428:
17426:
17423:
17421:
17418:
17416:
17413:
17411:
17408:
17406:
17403:
17401:
17398:
17396:
17393:
17391:
17388:
17386:
17383:
17381:
17378:
17376:
17373:
17371:
17368:
17366:
17365:Malayambakkam
17363:
17361:
17358:
17356:
17353:
17351:
17348:
17346:
17343:
17341:
17338:
17336:
17333:
17331:
17328:
17326:
17323:
17321:
17318:
17316:
17313:
17311:
17308:
17306:
17303:
17301:
17298:
17296:
17293:
17291:
17288:
17286:
17283:
17281:
17278:
17276:
17273:
17271:
17268:
17266:
17263:
17261:
17258:
17256:
17253:
17251:
17248:
17246:
17243:
17241:
17238:
17236:
17235:Gerugambakkam
17233:
17231:
17228:
17226:
17223:
17221:
17218:
17216:
17215:Beemanthangal
17213:
17211:
17208:
17206:
17203:
17201:
17198:
17196:
17193:
17191:
17188:
17186:
17183:
17181:
17178:
17176:
17173:
17171:
17170:Arakkambakkam
17168:
17166:
17163:
17161:
17158:
17156:
17153:
17151:
17148:
17146:
17143:
17141:
17138:
17136:
17133:
17131:
17128:
17126:
17125:Adayalampattu
17123:
17122:
17120:
17116:
17110:
17107:
17105:
17102:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17085:
17084:Vinayagapuram
17082:
17080:
17077:
17075:
17072:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17052:
17050:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17037:
17035:
17032:
17030:
17027:
17025:
17022:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17012:
17010:
17007:
17005:
17002:
17000:
16997:
16995:
16992:
16990:
16987:
16985:
16982:
16980:
16977:
16975:
16972:
16970:
16967:
16965:
16964:Theeyampakkam
16962:
16960:
16957:
16955:
16952:
16950:
16947:
16945:
16942:
16940:
16937:
16935:
16932:
16930:
16927:
16925:
16922:
16920:
16917:
16915:
16912:
16910:
16909:Sembiyamanali
16907:
16905:
16902:
16900:
16897:
16895:
16892:
16890:
16887:
16885:
16882:
16880:
16877:
16875:
16872:
16870:
16869:Sadayankuppam
16867:
16865:
16862:
16860:
16857:
16855:
16852:
16850:
16847:
16845:
16842:
16840:
16837:
16835:
16832:
16830:
16827:
16825:
16822:
16820:
16817:
16815:
16812:
16810:
16807:
16805:
16804:Periyasekkadu
16802:
16800:
16799:Periyar Nagar
16797:
16795:
16792:
16790:
16787:
16785:
16782:
16780:
16777:
16775:
16772:
16770:
16769:Payasambakkam
16767:
16765:
16762:
16760:
16757:
16755:
16752:
16750:
16747:
16745:
16742:
16740:
16737:
16735:
16732:
16730:
16727:
16725:
16724:Nandiambakkam
16722:
16720:
16717:
16715:
16712:
16710:
16707:
16705:
16704:Moolachatiram
16702:
16700:
16697:
16695:
16692:
16690:
16687:
16685:
16682:
16680:
16677:
16675:
16672:
16670:
16667:
16665:
16662:
16660:
16657:
16655:
16652:
16650:
16647:
16645:
16642:
16640:
16637:
16635:
16634:Kumaran Nagar
16632:
16630:
16627:
16625:
16622:
16620:
16617:
16615:
16612:
16610:
16607:
16605:
16602:
16600:
16597:
16595:
16592:
16590:
16587:
16585:
16582:
16580:
16577:
16575:
16574:Kavaraipettai
16572:
16570:
16567:
16565:
16562:
16560:
16557:
16555:
16552:
16550:
16547:
16545:
16542:
16540:
16537:
16535:
16532:
16530:
16527:
16525:
16522:
16520:
16517:
16515:
16514:Jawahar Nagar
16512:
16510:
16507:
16505:
16504:Gummidipoondi
16502:
16500:
16497:
16495:
16492:
16490:
16487:
16485:
16484:Erukkancherry
16482:
16480:
16477:
16475:
16472:
16470:
16467:
16465:
16462:
16460:
16457:
16455:
16454:Edayanchavadi
16452:
16450:
16447:
16445:
16442:
16440:
16439:Chinnasekkadu
16437:
16435:
16432:
16430:
16429:Bandikavanoor
16427:
16425:
16424:Azhinjivakkam
16422:
16420:
16417:
16415:
16412:
16410:
16407:
16405:
16402:
16400:
16397:
16395:
16392:
16390:
16387:
16385:
16382:
16380:
16377:
16375:
16372:
16370:
16367:
16365:
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16350:
16347:
16345:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16334:Aamullaivoyal
16332:
16331:
16329:
16325:
16321:
16314:
16310:
16296:
16293:
16291:
16288:
16286:
16283:
16281:
16278:
16276:
16273:
16271:
16268:
16266:
16263:
16261:
16258:
16256:
16253:
16251:
16248:
16246:
16243:
16241:
16238:
16236:
16233:
16231:
16228:
16226:
16225:Taj Connemara
16223:
16221:
16218:
16216:
16213:
16211:
16208:
16206:
16203:
16201:
16198:
16196:
16195:Hyatt Regency
16193:
16191:
16188:
16186:
16183:
16181:
16178:
16177:
16175:
16173:
16169:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16155:
16153:
16150:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16132:MIOT Hospital
16130:
16128:
16125:
16123:
16120:
16118:
16115:
16113:
16110:
16108:
16105:
16103:
16100:
16098:
16095:
16093:
16090:
16088:
16085:
16083:
16080:
16078:
16075:
16073:
16070:
16069:
16067:
16065:
16061:
16055:
16052:
16050:
16047:
16045:
16042:
16040:
16037:
16035:
16032:
16030:
16027:
16025:
16022:
16020:
16017:
16016:
16014:
16011:
16004:
15994:
15991:
15989:
15986:
15984:
15981:
15979:
15976:
15974:
15971:
15969:
15966:
15964:
15961:
15960:
15958:
15954:
15948:
15945:
15943:
15940:
15938:
15935:
15933:
15930:
15928:
15925:
15923:
15920:
15918:
15915:
15913:
15910:
15908:
15905:
15903:
15900:
15899:
15897:
15889:
15883:
15880:
15878:
15875:
15873:
15870:
15868:
15865:
15863:
15860:
15859:
15857:
15853:
15847:
15844:
15842:
15839:
15837:
15834:
15832:
15829:
15828:
15826:
15820:
15814:
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15789:
15786:
15784:
15781:
15779:
15776:
15774:
15771:
15769:
15766:
15764:
15761:
15759:
15756:
15754:
15751:
15750:
15748:
15744:
15738:
15735:
15733:
15730:
15728:
15725:
15723:
15720:
15718:
15715:
15713:
15710:
15708:
15705:
15703:
15700:
15698:
15695:
15693:
15690:
15688:
15685:
15683:
15680:
15679:
15677:
15675:
15671:
15667:
15660:
15656:
15642:
15639:
15637:
15634:
15632:
15629:
15628:
15626:
15622:
15612:
15611:Chennai Blitz
15609:
15607:
15604:
15602:
15599:
15598:
15596:
15592:
15586:
15585:Chennai Lions
15583:
15582:
15580:
15576:
15570:
15567:
15566:
15564:
15560:
15554:
15551:
15550:
15548:
15544:
15538:
15537:Chennaiyin FC
15535:
15533:
15530:
15529:
15527:
15523:
15517:
15514:
15512:
15509:
15508:
15506:
15502:
15496:
15493:
15491:
15488:
15487:
15485:
15481:
15475:
15472:
15471:
15469:
15465:
15462:
15458:
15452:
15449:
15447:
15444:
15442:
15439:
15437:
15434:
15432:
15429:
15427:
15424:
15422:
15419:
15417:
15414:
15412:
15409:
15407:
15404:
15403:
15401:
15397:
15393:
15389:
15384:
15380:
15362:
15359:
15357:
15354:
15352:
15349:
15347:
15344:
15342:
15339:
15337:
15334:
15333:
15331:
15327:
15321:
15320:Padi Junction
15318:
15316:
15313:
15311:
15308:
15306:
15303:
15301:
15298:
15296:
15293:
15291:
15288:
15286:
15283:
15281:
15278:
15276:
15273:
15272:
15270:
15262:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15210:Cenotaph Road
15208:
15206:
15203:
15202:
15200:
15192:
15189:
15185:
15175:
15172:
15170:
15167:
15165:
15162:
15160:
15157:
15156:
15154:
15150:
15144:
15141:
15139:
15136:
15134:
15131:
15129:
15126:
15124:
15123:Chennai Metro
15121:
15120:
15118:
15112:
15109:
15105:
15099:
15096:
15094:
15091:
15089:
15086:
15084:
15081:
15080:
15078:
15074:
15068:
15065:
15064:
15062:
15058:
15054:
15050:
15045:
15041:
15027:
15024:
15022:
15019:
15018:
15016:
15012:
15006:
15003:
15001:
14998:
14996:
14993:
14991:
14988:
14986:
14983:
14981:
14978:
14976:
14973:
14972:
14970:
14966:
14960:
14957:
14955:
14952:
14950:
14947:
14945:
14942:
14940:
14937:
14935:
14932:
14930:
14927:
14925:
14922:
14920:
14917:
14915:
14912:
14910:
14907:
14905:
14902:
14900:
14897:
14895:
14892:
14890:
14887:
14885:
14882:
14880:
14877:
14875:
14872:
14870:
14867:
14865:
14862:
14860:
14857:
14855:
14852:
14850:
14847:
14845:
14842:
14841:
14839:
14837:
14833:
14829:
14825:
14820:
14816:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14791:Gymkhana Club
14789:
14788:
14786:
14782:
14776:
14773:
14771:
14770:Spencer Plaza
14768:
14766:
14765:Spectrum Mall
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14751:
14748:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14733:
14731:
14728:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14712:
14710:
14708:
14704:
14698:
14695:
14693:
14690:
14688:
14687:Dash N Splash
14685:
14683:
14680:
14678:
14675:
14673:
14670:
14669:
14667:
14663:
14657:
14654:
14652:
14649:
14647:
14644:
14642:
14639:
14637:
14634:
14632:
14629:
14627:
14624:
14622:
14619:
14618:
14616:
14612:
14606:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14591:
14588:
14586:
14583:
14582:
14580:
14576:
14570:
14567:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14554:People's Park
14552:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14537:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14526:
14524:
14522:
14518:
14512:
14509:
14507:
14504:
14502:
14499:
14497:
14494:
14493:
14491:
14485:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14473:Madras School
14471:
14469:
14468:Madras Bashai
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14445:
14443:
14439:
14435:
14431:
14426:
14422:
14408:
14405:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14389:
14387:
14383:
14377:
14374:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14362:
14359:
14357:
14354:
14352:
14349:
14347:
14344:
14342:
14339:
14337:
14336:Royal Enfield
14334:
14332:
14329:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14302:
14299:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14289:
14287:
14284:
14282:
14279:
14277:
14274:
14272:
14269:
14267:
14264:
14262:
14259:
14257:
14254:
14252:
14249:
14247:
14244:
14242:
14241:Ashok Leyland
14239:
14237:
14234:
14233:
14231:
14225:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14201:
14200:
14198:
14194:
14188:
14185:
14183:
14180:
14178:
14175:
14173:
14170:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14150:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14138:
14135:
14134:
14132:
14126:
14122:
14118:
14113:
14109:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14083:
14080:
14079:
14078:
14075:
14073:
14070:
14068:
14065:
14063:
14060:
14058:
14055:
14053:
14050:
14048:
14045:
14044:
14042:
14038:
14028:
14025:
14023:
14022:Virugambakkam
14020:
14018:
14015:
14013:
14010:
14008:
14005:
14003:
14002:Thiruvottiyur
14000:
13998:
13995:
13993:
13990:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13982:Sriperumbudur
13980:
13978:
13975:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13910:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13879:
13877:
13875:
13871:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13859:Sriperumbudur
13857:
13855:
13854:Chennai South
13852:
13850:
13849:Chennai North
13847:
13845:
13842:
13841:
13839:
13837:
13833:
13830:
13826:
13816:
13813:
13812:
13810:
13808:
13804:
13798:
13795:
13793:
13790:
13788:
13785:
13783:
13780:
13778:
13775:
13773:
13772:Sriperumbudur
13770:
13768:
13765:
13763:
13760:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13745:
13743:
13740:
13738:
13735:
13734:
13732:
13730:
13726:
13720:
13717:
13715:
13712:
13710:
13707:
13705:
13704:Gummidipoondi
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13661:
13659:
13657:
13653:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13636:Purasaiwalkam
13634:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13598:
13596:
13594:
13590:
13587:
13583:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13558:
13556:
13552:
13548:
13544:
13539:
13535:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13490:Anna Memorial
13488:
13487:
13485:
13481:
13475:
13472:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13461:
13459:
13455:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13431:
13429:
13426:
13424:
13421:
13419:
13416:
13414:
13411:
13409:
13406:
13404:
13401:
13399:
13396:
13394:
13391:
13389:
13386:
13384:
13381:
13379:
13378:Brodie Castle
13376:
13374:
13371:
13369:
13366:
13365:
13363:
13361:
13355:
13349:
13346:
13344:
13341:
13339:
13336:
13335:
13333:
13329:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13314:
13312:
13308:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13283:
13281:
13277:
13271:
13268:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13257:
13255:
13251:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13200:
13197:
13195:
13192:
13190:
13187:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13172:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13157:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13145:
13144:Korattur Aeri
13142:
13140:
13137:
13135:
13132:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13122:
13120:
13117:
13115:
13112:
13110:
13109:Ambattur Lake
13107:
13105:
13102:
13101:
13099:
13097:
13093:
13087:
13086:Otteri Nullah
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13063:
13061:
13057:
13051:
13050:South Chennai
13048:
13046:
13045:North Chennai
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13032:
13030:
13026:
13022:
13018:
13014:
13009:
13005:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12967:
12965:
12961:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12929:Madras Manade
12927:
12925:
12922:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12892:
12890:
12887:
12885:
12882:
12881:
12879:
12875:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12858:
12855:
12852:
12848:
12847:Carnatic Wars
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12824:
12822:
12818:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12806:Chola Dynasty
12804:
12802:
12799:
12797:
12794:
12792:
12791:Sangam period
12789:
12788:
12786:
12782:
12778:
12774:
12769:
12765:
12761:
12754:
12749:
12747:
12742:
12740:
12735:
12734:
12731:
12721:
12709:
12703:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12693:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12662:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12617:
12615:
12613:
12609:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12529:
12527:
12525:
12521:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12396:
12394:
12392:
12388:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12329:
12327:
12323:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12286:Jagatsinghpur
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12268:
12266:
12262:
12256:
12253:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12243:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12207:
12205:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12190:
12186:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12164:Garhjat Hills
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12146:
12144:
12142:
12138:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12039:
12035:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12002:
11999:
11998:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11979:
11975:
11970:
11960:
11956:
11954:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11935:Indian roller
11932:
11929:
11927:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11914:
11911:
11909:
11905:
11902:
11901:
11899:
11897:
11896:State symbols
11893:
11889:
11888:
11881:
11877:
11873:
11869:
11861:
11856:
11854:
11849:
11847:
11842:
11841:
11838:
11828:
11816:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11788:
11787:South Malabar
11785:
11783:
11782:North Malabar
11780:
11779:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11764:
11762:
11760:
11756:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11695:Kanjirappally
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11660:Vadasserikara
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11530:Balaramapuram
11528:
11526:
11523:
11522:
11520:
11516:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11504:Lakkidi-Perur
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11419:Chottanikkara
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11356:
11354:
11350:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11153:Kunnamangalam
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11085:
11083:
11079:
11076:
11072:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10930:North Paravur
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10915:Neyyattinkara
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10755:Changanassery
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10717:
10715:
10713:
10709:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10672:
10670:
10666:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10524:North Paravur
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10514:Neyyattinkara
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10419:Kothamangalam
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10364:Kanjirappally
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10304:Changanassery
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10272:
10268:
10262:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10201:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10124:
10122:
10118:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10101:Wayanad KL-12
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10035:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10016:
10012:
10008:
10000:
9995:
9993:
9988:
9986:
9981:
9980:
9977:
9967:
9955:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9925:
9923:
9921:Related lists
9919:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9824:
9822:
9820:
9816:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9794:Hindu temples
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9736:
9732:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9720:Visakhapatnam
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9635:Machilipatnam
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9555:
9553:
9549:
9543:
9542:Visakhapatnam
9540:
9538:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9530:
9526:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9514:West Godavari
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9504:Visakhapatnam
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9429:East Godavari
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9387:
9383:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9361:
9359:
9355:
9349:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9264:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9184:
9182:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9171:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9141:
9136:
9134:
9129:
9127:
9122:
9121:
9118:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9075:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9060:
9057:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9035:Sind Province
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
9000:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8968:
8967:(Upper) Burma
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8926:Ajmer-Merwara
8924:
8922:
8921:Agra Province
8919:
8916:
8915:
8914:Aden Province
8911:
8910:
8908:
8904:
8897:
8894:
8891:
8890:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8850:
8845:
8841:
8840:British India
8837:
8830:
8825:
8823:
8818:
8816:
8811:
8810:
8807:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8786:
8784:9788120613355
8780:
8776:
8771:
8767:
8761:
8757:
8752:
8748:
8743:
8739:
8734:
8730:
8725:
8721:
8715:
8711:
8710:
8704:
8700:
8698:0-333-93410-5
8694:
8690:
8685:
8681:
8679:9781412826198
8675:
8671:
8666:
8662:
8660:9789004045101
8656:
8651:
8650:
8643:
8639:
8637:0-253-21681-8
8633:
8629:
8624:
8620:
8618:0-521-09652-9
8614:
8610:
8605:
8601:
8599:81-88661-24-4
8595:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8577:81-7041-433-4
8573:
8569:
8564:
8560:
8555:
8551:
8549:9780670085071
8545:
8541:
8540:
8534:
8530:
8528:81-261-0343-4
8524:
8520:
8515:
8511:
8509:0-393-31898-2
8505:
8501:
8496:
8492:
8490:9780520918795
8486:
8482:
8481:
8475:
8471:
8469:9788187139690
8465:
8461:
8460:
8454:
8450:
8444:
8440:
8435:
8431:
8426:
8422:
8420:81-7022-801-8
8416:
8412:
8411:
8405:
8401:
8396:
8392:
8390:81-7488-865-9
8386:
8382:
8377:
8366:
8360:
8356:
8355:
8349:
8345:
8343:0-415-04878-8
8339:
8336:. Routledge.
8335:
8330:
8326:
8324:0-7619-3419-7
8320:
8316:
8311:
8307:
8305:0-7619-9780-6
8301:
8297:
8292:
8288:
8286:81-7099-897-2
8282:
8278:
8273:
8269:
8268:
8262:
8258:
8256:0-415-32919-1
8252:
8248:
8243:
8239:
8237:81-250-0637-0
8233:
8229:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8215:1-85109-636-1
8211:
8207:
8202:
8198:
8194:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8177:
8173:
8167:
8163:
8158:
8154:
8152:0-00-638843-4
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8108:9781857431339
8104:
8100:
8095:
8091:
8089:1-4021-5115-2
8085:
8081:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8067:81-7154-667-6
8063:
8059:
8054:
8050:
8044:
8041:. Routledge.
8040:
8035:
8031:
8026:
8022:
8016:
8012:
8007:
8003:
8001:9780521031592
7997:
7993:
7992:
7986:
7982:
7980:0-253-34810-2
7976:
7972:
7971:
7965:
7961:
7959:1-57181-911-8
7955:
7951:
7946:
7942:
7940:81-7141-431-1
7936:
7932:
7927:
7923:
7921:0-19-567021-3
7917:
7913:
7908:
7904:
7902:9788131732021
7898:
7894:
7893:
7887:
7883:
7881:0-521-42926-9
7877:
7873:
7868:
7864:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7842:
7838:
7833:
7829:
7827:9788120613447
7823:
7819:
7818:
7812:
7808:
7807:
7801:
7797:
7792:
7788:
7787:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7764:
7758:
7754:
7749:
7745:
7740:
7736:
7735:
7729:
7725:
7724:
7718:
7714:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7698:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7684:
7679:
7678:Besant, Annie
7675:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7652:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7635:
7631:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7615:
7611:
7609:0-520-04315-4
7605:
7601:
7597:
7596:K. Rangachari
7592:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7561:
7560:
7554:
7550:
7545:
7541:
7540:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7514:
7511:
7507:
7502:
7498:
7497:
7491:
7487:
7482:
7478:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7463:
7459:
7458:
7445:
7444:Kasbekar 2006
7440:
7433:
7432:Ishizuka 2008
7428:
7421:
7420:Thoraval 2000
7416:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7382:
7380:
7363:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7286:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7261:
7256:
7249:
7244:
7237:
7232:
7225:
7220:
7213:
7208:
7201:
7196:
7190:, p. 26.
7189:
7184:
7177:
7172:
7165:
7160:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7127:
7120:
7115:
7108:
7103:
7096:
7091:
7084:
7079:
7072:
7067:
7060:
7055:
7048:
7043:
7036:
7031:
7024:
7023:Thurston 1909
7019:
7012:
7011:Thurston 1909
7007:
7000:
6999:Thurston 1909
6995:
6988:
6983:
6976:
6971:
6964:
6959:
6957:
6949:
6944:
6942:
6934:
6929:
6922:
6917:
6910:
6905:
6898:
6897:Srinivas 1982
6893:
6891:
6883:
6878:
6876:
6868:
6863:
6856:
6851:
6844:
6839:
6832:
6827:
6811:
6807:
6801:
6794:
6789:
6782:
6777:
6770:
6765:
6763:
6755:
6750:
6743:
6738:
6736:
6728:
6723:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6690:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6631:
6626:
6624:
6616:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6599:
6594:
6587:
6582:
6580:
6572:
6567:
6551:
6547:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6527:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6484:
6479:
6477:
6468:
6462:
6446:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6423:
6416:
6411:
6409:
6401:
6396:
6389:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6364:
6359:
6357:
6349:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6332:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6311:
6310:Thurston 1913
6306:
6304:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6271:
6264:
6259:
6257:
6249:
6244:
6237:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6218:
6213:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6163:
6158:
6151:
6146:
6144:
6136:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6116:
6109:
6104:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6082:
6077:
6070:
6065:
6058:
6053:
6051:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6017:
6012:
6005:
6004:Thurston 1913
6000:
5993:
5992:Thurston 1913
5988:
5981:
5980:Thurston 1913
5976:
5969:
5968:Thurston 1913
5964:
5962:
5954:
5953:Thurston 1913
5949:
5947:
5939:
5938:Thurston 1913
5934:
5932:
5924:
5923:Thurston 1913
5919:
5917:
5909:
5908:Thurston 1913
5904:
5897:
5896:Thurston 1913
5892:
5890:
5888:
5880:
5879:Thurston 1913
5875:
5868:
5867:Thurston 1913
5863:
5861:
5853:
5848:
5846:
5838:
5837:Thurston 1913
5833:
5826:
5825:Thurston 1913
5821:
5814:
5809:
5802:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5754:
5753:Thurston 1913
5749:
5747:
5739:
5738:Thurston 1913
5734:
5732:
5730:
5722:
5721:Thurston 1913
5717:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5695:
5690:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5664:
5663:Thurston 1913
5659:
5657:
5649:
5648:Thurston 1913
5644:
5642:
5634:
5633:Thurston 1913
5629:
5622:
5621:Thurston 1913
5617:
5610:
5609:Thurston 1913
5605:
5603:
5595:
5594:Thurston 1913
5590:
5583:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5564:
5563:Thurston 1913
5559:
5552:
5547:
5540:
5535:
5528:
5523:
5516:
5511:
5504:
5503:Chisholm 1911
5499:
5492:
5487:
5480:
5475:
5468:
5463:
5456:
5451:
5444:
5439:
5437:
5429:
5424:
5417:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5398:
5393:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5371:
5366:
5359:
5354:
5347:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5326:
5321:
5312:
5305:
5300:
5293:
5288:
5281:
5276:
5269:
5264:
5257:
5252:
5245:
5240:
5233:
5228:
5221:
5216:
5209:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5185:
5180:
5173:
5168:
5161:
5156:
5149:
5148:Thurston 1913
5144:
5137:
5136:Thurston 1913
5132:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5110:
5109:Chisholm 1911
5105:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5083:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5060:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5044:Thurston 1913
5040:
5038:
5036:
5028:
5027:Thurston 1913
5023:
5015:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4965:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4921:
4916:
4909:
4904:
4897:
4892:
4885:
4884:Thurston 1913
4880:
4873:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4849:
4844:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4820:
4815:
4808:
4803:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4783:Thurston 1913
4779:
4777:
4775:
4767:
4766:Thurston 1913
4762:
4760:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4660:, pp. 157β160
4659:
4654:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4615:
4610:
4603:
4598:
4591:
4586:
4578:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4531:Thurston 1909
4527:
4525:
4523:
4515:
4510:
4503:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4483:
4476:
4471:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4400:
4394:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4279:
4274:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4254:Mazumdar 1917
4250:
4243:
4242:Mazumdar 1917
4238:
4231:
4226:
4219:
4214:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4160:
4141:
4134:
4128:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4106:
4101:
4093:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4071:
4064:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4035:
4028:
4023:
4016:
4011:
4005:, pp. 250β253
4004:
3999:
3992:
3987:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3951:
3945:, p. 45.
3944:
3939:
3932:
3927:
3920:
3915:
3908:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3860:
3853:
3848:
3841:
3836:
3829:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3758:
3753:
3746:
3741:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3710:
3709:Thurston 1913
3705:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3470:, Madras and
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3433:in 1878, and
3432:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:bharatanatyam
3382:
3378:
3377:bull-fighting
3374:
3373:cock-fighting
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3261:In 1923, the
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:British India
3248:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3216:in 1835. The
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:J. R. D. Tata
3107:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:Pamban island
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3017:Pamban island
3014:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2975:
2966:
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2869:
2865:
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2856:
2852:
2851:Binny and Co.
2848:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2795:
2793:
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2781:
2777:
2772:
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2672:
2664:
2658:
2653:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2616:Periyar river
2613:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2516:Indian millet
2507:
2498:
2495:
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2486:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
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2343:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:Indian Mutiny
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:Carnatic Wars
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:Fort St David
2098:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:Hindu temples
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1884:
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1876:
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1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1848:
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1827:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1801:
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1758:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:districts of
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:districts of
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:Banaganapalle
1624:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:1946 election
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
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1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1443:P. Subbarayan
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:Justice Party
1410:
1406:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1372:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1325:Swadesamitran
1321:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Chief Justice
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Paliath Achan
1125:
1120:
1118:
1117:Visakhapatnam
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1068:bringing the
1067:
1063:
1062:Azim-ud-Daula
1059:
1056:In 1801, the
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
944:
943:Masulipatinam
940:
936:
932:
929:
925:
921:
918:(1567β1625),
917:
913:
909:
905:
895:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:Machilipatnam
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
698:and parts of
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:British India
677:
673:
669:
665:
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
634:
633:
631:
630:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
600:
597:
596:
592:
590:
587:
586:
582:
580:
577:
576:
572:
570:
567:
566:
562:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
542:
541:British India
538:
537:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
517:
516:Casa da Γndia
514:
513:
510:
509:
499:
495:
494:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
474:
471:
470:
466:
464:
461:
460:
456:
454:
453:Swedish India
451:
450:
446:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
413:
406:
403:
401:Today part of
399:
383:
381:
378:
377:
374:
368:
367:Madras Agency
365:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
337:
333:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
299:
295:
292:
286:
282:
278:
272:
268:
262:
258:
255:
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248:
244:
241:
238:
232:
228:
225:
222:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
198:
192:
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186:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
162:
159:
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
119:
114:
110:
107:
103:
96:
91:
81:
73:
67:
59:
54:
33:
30:
19:
18659:13.08; 80.27
18635:
18577:Vettuvankeni
18527:Thuraipakkam
18442:Semmencherry
18332:Pallikaranai
18307:Ottiambakkam
18287:Noothancheri
18227:Meenambakkam
18207:Manimangalam
18202:Mamallapuram
18182:Kovilanchery
18157:Keelkattalai
18062:Guduvancheri
18037:Chengalpattu
18027:Chitlapakkam
18022:Besant Nagar
17911:Purasawalkam
17896:Pondy Bazaar
17871:Panagal Park
17861:Nungambakkam
17766:Chintadripet
17746:Burma Bazaar
17705:Venkatapuram
17595:Shenoy Nagar
17585:Seneerkuppam
17530:Perumalpattu
17505:Paruthipattu
17495:Paraniputhur
17425:Nandambakkam
17420:Nandambakkam
17415:Muthapudupet
17410:Mugalivakkam
17380:Melkondaiyur
17355:Kuthambakkam
17305:Kilkondaiyur
17200:Ayanambakkam
17104:Washermanpet
17064:Vijayanallur
16989:Tiruvottiyur
16954:Thathaimanji
16899:Sembilivaram
16789:Periapalayam
16774:Pazhaverkadu
16679:Manjambakkam
16654:Madharpakkam
16639:Lakshmipuram
16629:Kottai Karai
16544:Kannigaipair
16434:Basin Bridge
16409:Attanthangal
16364:Anuppampattu
16280:Savera Hotel
16245:Radisson GRT
15746:Universities
15663:Institutions
15631:Chennai Open
15578:Table tennis
15504:Field hockey
15275:Anna Flyover
15267:and flyovers
15133:Chennai MRTS
15083:Chennai Port
14730:Chandra Mall
14725:Ampa Skywalk
14636:Lit for Life
14549:Panagal Park
14544:Natesan Park
14539:May Day Park
14511:Marina Beach
14506:Golden Beach
14229:institutions
14203:SEZ Corridor
14187:Washermanpet
14167:Purasawalkam
14162:Pondy Bazaar
14152:Panagal Park
14137:Burma Bazaar
13902:Chengalpattu
13792:Madurantakam
13757:Chengalpattu
13664:Tiruvottiyur
13469:Thomas Munro
13393:LIC Building
13343:Ennore Creek
13124:Chetput Lake
13076:Coovum River
12434:Bhawanipatna
12169:Chilika Lake
12159:Utkal Plains
12111:Bhoi dynasty
12066:Nala dynasty
11885:
11745:Kaduthuruthy
11730:Kuravilangad
11680:Ambalappuzha
11620:Kozhencherry
11615:Kulathupuzha
11605:Pathanapuram
11585:Sasthamkotta
11489:Puthunagaram
11439:Nedumbassery
11424:Udayamperoor
11364:Vandiperiyar
11313:Vellarikundu
11273:Pappinisseri
11253:Anjarakkandy
11163:Thiruvambady
11158:Thamarassery
11098:Puthanathani
11030:Thrikkakkara
10905:Muvattupuzha
10860:Kottarakkara
10845:Kuthuparamba
10790:Irinjalakuda
10654:Vellarikundu
10634:Udumbanchola
10599:Thamarassery
10539:Pathanapuram
10504:Muvattupuzha
10499:Mukundapuram
10479:Manjeshwaram
10474:Mananthavady
10439:Kozhencherry
10424:Kottarakkara
10294:Ambalappuzha
10139:Demographics
10106:Kannur KL-13
10071:Idukki KL-06
10051:Kollam KL-02
10027:
9725:Vizianagaram
9650:Narasaraopet
9509:Vizianagaram
9366:North Andhra
9212:Demographics
9168:
9072:
8997:
8965:
8912:
8887:
8877:
8856:Presidencies
8848:
8774:
8755:
8746:
8737:
8728:
8708:
8688:
8669:
8648:
8627:
8608:
8589:
8567:
8558:
8538:
8518:
8499:
8479:
8458:
8438:
8429:
8409:
8399:
8380:
8368:. Retrieved
8353:
8333:
8314:
8295:
8276:
8266:
8246:
8227:
8208:. ABC-CLIO.
8205:
8180:
8161:
8142:
8120:
8098:
8097:Eur (2002).
8079:
8057:
8038:
8029:
8013:. Springer.
8010:
7990:
7969:
7949:
7930:
7911:
7891:
7871:
7862:
7853:
7845:
7836:
7816:
7805:
7795:
7785:
7775:
7762:
7752:
7743:
7733:
7722:
7712:
7701:
7682:
7668:
7655:
7629:
7619:
7599:
7585:
7558:
7548:
7538:
7526:
7521:
7504:
7495:
7485:
7476:
7467:
7439:
7427:
7415:
7403:. Retrieved
7399:the original
7394:
7366:. Retrieved
7362:the original
7355:
7327:. Retrieved
7323:the original
7316:
7289:. Retrieved
7285:the original
7280:
7267:
7260:Muthiah 2004
7255:
7248:Muthiah 2004
7243:
7236:Muthiah 2004
7231:
7224:Muthiah 2004
7219:
7212:Muthiah 2004
7207:
7195:
7183:
7171:
7159:
7147:. Retrieved
7143:the original
7136:
7126:
7114:
7102:
7090:
7078:
7066:
7054:
7042:
7030:
7018:
7006:
6994:
6982:
6970:
6928:
6916:
6909:Agarwal 1994
6904:
6862:
6850:
6838:
6826:
6814:. Retrieved
6810:the original
6800:
6788:
6776:
6769:Muthiah 2004
6754:Muthiah 2004
6749:
6742:Muthiah 2004
6722:
6710:. Retrieved
6706:the original
6696:
6667:. Retrieved
6663:the original
6656:
6593:
6586:Muthiah 2004
6566:
6554:. Retrieved
6550:the original
6526:Muthiah 2004
6504:. Retrieved
6500:the original
6490:
6449:. Retrieved
6444:
6434:
6422:
6415:Muthiah 2004
6395:
6388:Muthiah 2004
6331:Muthiah 2004
6290:. Retrieved
6279:
6270:
6243:
6219:1939, p. 261
6212:
6200:. Retrieved
6196:the original
6189:
6157:
6120:Muthiah 2004
6115:
6108:Muthiah 2004
6103:
6096:Muthiah 2004
6081:Muthiah 2004
6076:
6069:Muthiah 2004
6064:
6057:Muthiah 2004
6037:. Retrieved
6033:the original
6023:
6016:Muthiah 2004
6011:
5999:
5987:
5975:
5903:
5874:
5832:
5820:
5808:
5701:
5689:
5628:
5616:
5589:
5558:
5553:1997, p. 330
5546:
5541:2003, p. 287
5534:
5522:
5510:
5498:
5486:
5474:
5467:MaClean 1877
5462:
5455:MaClean 1877
5450:
5443:MaClean 1877
5428:MaClean 1877
5423:
5416:MaClean 1877
5397:MaClean 1877
5392:
5385:MaClean 1877
5370:MaClean 1877
5365:
5358:MaClean 1877
5353:
5346:MaClean 1877
5325:MaClean 1877
5320:
5311:
5299:
5287:
5275:
5263:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5215:
5203:
5196:Wheeler 1996
5191:
5179:
5172:MaClean 1877
5167:
5160:MaClean 1877
5155:
5143:
5131:
5124:MaClean 1877
5104:
5097:MaClean 1877
5082:MaClean 1877
5022:
5003:
4997:
4985:. Retrieved
4980:
4974:
4964:
4955:
4949:
4940:
4936:
4927:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4867:
4860:MaClean 1877
4855:
4843:
4814:
4807:MaClean 1877
4802:
4790:
4746:
4734:
4727:MaClean 1877
4722:
4717:, p. 120-121
4710:
4696:
4690:
4678:. Retrieved
4665:
4653:
4641:. Retrieved
4637:the original
4630:
4621:
4609:
4597:
4585:
4556:
4550:
4543:Bhakshi 1991
4538:
4509:
4482:
4470:
4458:
4446:
4434:
4422:
4381:. Retrieved
4376:
4367:
4355:. Retrieved
4346:
4337:
4325:. Retrieved
4321:the original
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4295:the original
4285:
4273:
4261:
4249:
4237:
4225:
4213:
4201:. Retrieved
4197:the original
4192:
4182:
4170:
4159:
4147:. Retrieved
4127:
4100:
4091:
4075:Muthiah 2004
4070:
4058:
4046:
4034:
4022:
4015:Hibbert 2000
4010:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3914:
3902:
3890:
3881:
3871:
3864:Wheeler 1996
3859:
3852:Wheeler 1996
3847:
3835:
3823:
3811:
3799:
3792:Wheeler 1996
3769:Wheeler 1996
3764:
3757:Wheeler 1996
3752:
3745:Wheeler 1996
3740:
3733:Wheeler 1996
3728:
3721:Hunter, 1908
3716:
3704:
3692:. Retrieved
3688:the original
3681:
3672:
3665:Iyengar 1929
3660:
3572:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3441:Madras Times
3440:
3434:
3424:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3370:
3359:
3350:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3262:
3260:
3249:
3226:
3194:
3187:
3155:
3134:
3122:
3094:
3082:
3078:
3070:Mettupalayam
3038:
3034:
2982:
2980:
2889:, Cocanada,
2883:
2880:
2835:
2796:
2788:
2738:
2729:
2701:
2655:The port of
2632:
2621:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2548:castor beans
2528:sweet potato
2512:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2434:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2302:
2298:
2268:(1811), the
2251:
2243:
2211:
2203:
2186:Armed forces
2164:Banganapalle
2161:
2138:Trichinopoly
2099:
2083:
1991:Jesus Christ
1907:
1900:
1860:
1832:
1809:
1725:Demographics
1675:Nabarangapur
1641:and part of
1612:
1583:Madras State
1576:
1548:
1532:
1526:
1495:
1491:
1472:Anti-Brahmin
1469:
1450:
1439:Lord Goschen
1402:
1390:
1383:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1310:Annie Besant
1292:
1275:
1270:Annie Besant
1234:
1218:Anglo-Indian
1174:
1140:
1136:Sepoy Mutiny
1132:Poligar Wars
1121:
1085:
1055:
1047:French India
1016:
986:
965:Andrew Cogan
916:King James I
901:
885:
847:
833:Madras State
814:
809:
805:
763:
724:
671:
667:
663:
661:
559:EIC in India
483:French India
473:Danish India
429:
380:Madras State
349:Succeeded by
348:
343:
85:Coat of arms
29:
18703:Lakshadweep
18657: /
18625:WikiProject
18572:Vengaivasal
18497:Tharapakkam
18372:Perumbakkam
18282:Nellikuppam
18277:Neelankarai
18267:Nanmangalam
18262:Nanganallur
18242:Mettukuppam
18212:Mannivakkam
18187:Madambakkam
18167:Kottivakkam
18162:Kelambakkam
18147:Kazhipattur
18137:Karumbakkam
18122:Kannivakkam
18097:Irumbuliyur
18092:Injambakkam
18057:Gowrivakkam
18017:Anakaputhur
17906:Pulianthope
17856:Nochikuppam
17821:Kotturpuram
17806:Kodambakkam
17791:Gopalapuram
17786:George Town
17710:Veppampattu
17665:Tiruverkadu
17540:Poonamallee
17520:Perambakkam
17485:Pandeswaram
17445:Nemilichery
17405:Moulivakkam
17360:Maduravoyal
17300:Kattupakkam
17290:Karambakkam
17285:Kallikuppam
17265:Kadambathur
17260:K. K. Nagar
17225:Choolaimedu
17180:Ashok Nagar
17150:Andankuppam
17140:Aminjikarai
17109:Wimco Nagar
17079:Villivakkam
17069:Vilakupattu
17039:Vannipakkam
17014:Vadamadurai
16829:Puthubakkam
16754:Padianallur
16604:Kodungaiyur
16559:Kathivakkam
16354:Andarkuppam
16255:JW Marriott
15937:DG Vaishnav
15922:Vivekananda
15823:Engineering
15722:Kalakshetra
15197:expressways
15088:Ennore Port
14677:Queens Land
14665:Theme parks
14595:PVR Cinemas
14397:Electronics
14291:Indian Bank
14017:Villivakkam
13957:Poonamallee
13932:Maduravoyal
13864:Thiruvallur
13787:Uthiramerur
13782:Kanchipuram
13694:Poonamallee
13684:Maduravoyal
13601:Aminjikarai
13413:Rajaji Hall
13338:Adyar Creek
13199:Pulhal Lake
13174:Manali Lake
13169:Mangal Lake
13066:Adyar River
12587:Pattachitra
12582:Odisha Ikat
12537:Bomkai sari
12524:GI products
12439:Bhubaneswar
11887:Bhubaneswar
11725:Puthuppally
11685:Mararikulam
11675:Charummoodu
11555:Chathannoor
11414:Malayattoor
11404:Kunnathunad
11298:Cheruvathur
11293:Thrikaripur
11278:Kalliasseri
11143:Vallikkunnu
11118:Kuttippuram
11108:Angadipuram
11074:Other towns
11045:Tirurangadi
11015:Taliparamba
10980:Perumbavoor
10925:Nileshwaram
10900:Mavelikkara
10875:Kunnamkulam
10835:Kodungallur
10800:Kalamassery
10629:Tirurangadi
10584:Taliparamba
10489:Mavelikkara
10454:Kunnathunad
10449:Kunnamkulam
10399:Kodungallur
10237:Golden rain
9680:Rajahmundry
9640:Madanapalle
9585:Dharmavaram
9376:Rayalaseema
8999:Lower Burma
8941:Baluchistan
8892:(at Penang)
8586:S., Muthiah
8370:17 November
7405:17 November
7387:S., Muthiah
7368:17 November
7348:Guy, Randor
7329:17 November
7291:17 November
7273:Guy, Randor
7202:, pp. 35β41
7149:17 November
6867:Hunter 1908
6843:Hunter 1908
6816:17 November
6793:Hunter 1908
6712:17 November
6689:Ralhan 2002
6669:17 November
6630:Hunter 1908
6615:Hunter 1908
6598:Hunter 1908
6571:Wright 1999
6556:17 November
6506:17 November
6483:Hunter 1908
6451:17 November
6400:Hunter 1908
6363:Hunter 1908
6292:17 November
6202:17 November
6182:Muthiah, S.
5852:Hunter 1908
5813:Hunter 1908
5801:Hunter 1908
5694:Hunter 1908
5682:Hunter 1908
5582:Hunter 1908
5184:Hunter 1908
4943:(15). 2009.
4908:Ralhan 2002
4819:Hunter 1908
4795:Mollin 2006
4680:17 November
4643:25 December
4604:, pp. 42β44
4592:, Chapter 4
4502:Ralhan 2002
4487:Ralhan 2002
4475:Ralhan 2002
4463:Ralhan 2002
4451:Ralhan 2002
4439:Ralhan 2002
4427:Ralhan 2002
4415:Slater 1918
4383:17 November
4357:17 November
4327:17 November
4301:17 November
4278:Besant 1915
4266:Besant 1915
4203:17 November
4149:17 November
4003:Kamath 1980
3991:Kamath 1980
3969:, pp. 34β37
3955:Hunter 1908
3931:Hunter 1908
3919:Hunter 1908
3895:Hunter 1908
3840:Newell 1919
3828:Thorpe 2011
3536:, c.a. 1909
3351:devasthanam
3335:recognised
3267:A. P. Patro
3188:Similarly,
3142:Talaimannar
3056:connecting
2985:along with
2955:Vijaya Bank
2947:Andhra Bank
2919:Canara Bank
2915:Indian Bank
2872:Indian Bank
2842:Madras city
2674:Weaving on
2634:pumps. The
2308:Land tenure
2288:during the
2280:during the
2246:Madras Army
2200:Madras Army
2172:Pudukkottai
2095:Madras Army
2066:which gave
1974:Malik Kafur
1914:Vaishnavite
1645:regions of
1643:Pandya Nadu
1631:Tondai Nadu
1340:B. P. Wadia
1331:Mathrubhumi
1208:; in 1877,
1178:Lord Harris
1171:British Raj
1064:signed the
1019:George Town
997:Aaron Baker
989:Thomas Ivie
957:Francis Day
873:Malik Kafur
546:(1600β1947)
503:(1505β1961)
463:Dutch India
344:Preceded by
245:(1935β1947)
237:Lower house
229:(1861β1947)
221:Upper house
210:Legislature
18672:Categories
18562:Vanuvampet
18552:Vadanemili
18512:Thiruporur
18467:Somangalam
18412:Pudupakkam
18402:Polichalur
18352:Pattipulam
18327:Pallavaram
18317:Palavakkam
18297:Okkiyampet
18257:Nandivaram
18222:Medavakkam
18197:Madipakkam
18152:Kizhkalvoy
18132:Karapakkam
18107:Jaladampet
18007:Agaramthen
17997:Adambakkam
17971:Vadapalani
17966:Trustpuram
17961:Triplicane
17956:The Island
17936:Saligramam
17926:Royapettah
17826:Mandavelli
17680:Veerapuram
17660:Tiruvallur
17600:Sorancheri
17510:Pattabiram
17500:Parivakkam
17455:Nerkundram
17450:Nesapakkam
17370:Manapakkam
17350:Kundrathur
17320:Kolapakkam
17245:ICF Colony
17190:Arumbakkam
17155:Anna Nagar
17099:Vyasarpadi
17004:Uthukottai
16999:Tondiarpet
16974:Thirunilai
16919:Siruvapuri
16914:Sholavaram
16889:Seemavaram
16874:Sathangadu
16844:Puthagaram
16839:Pulli Lyon
16809:Perungavur
16784:Peravallur
16759:Pallipattu
16714:Muthialpet
16709:Moolakadai
16644:Madhavaram
16619:Korukkupet
16614:Kondithope
16599:Kodipallam
16589:KK Thazhai
16569:Kavangarai
16554:Kathirvedu
16534:Kalpalayam
16519:Kadapakkam
16499:Grant Lyon
16449:Edapalayam
16444:Chettimedu
16419:Ayanavaram
16404:Athivakkam
16384:Arumandhai
16369:Arambakkam
16317:Localities
16260:Park Hyatt
16008:Diplomatic
15594:Volleyball
15205:Anna Salai
14760:Ramee Mall
14641:Madras Day
14392:Automotive
14366:TVS Motors
14276:GMR Vasavi
14213:Tidel Park
14012:Tiruvallur
13942:Pallavaram
13927:Madhavaram
13892:Anna Nagar
13762:Thiruporur
13747:Pallavaram
13719:Pallipattu
13709:Uthukottai
13699:Tiruvallur
13669:Madhavaram
13641:Tondiarpet
13606:Ayanavaram
13398:Lighthouse
13368:Amir Mahal
13331:Marshlands
13270:The Island
13204:Porur Lake
13194:Porur Lake
12975:Randor Guy
12970:S. Muthiah
12857:Chingleput
12675:Literature
12479:Kendrapara
12464:Jharsuguda
12367:Nabrangpur
12362:Malkangiri
12306:Mayurbhanj
12296:Kendrapara
12255:Sundergarh
12250:Subarnapur
12235:Jharsuguda
12008:High Court
11978:Governance
11953:Sacred fig
11804:Travancore
11715:Karukachal
11705:Mundakayam
11635:Mallapally
11570:Neendakara
11550:Parippally
11545:Kilimanoor
11494:Malampuzha
11469:Chelakkara
11429:Varappuzha
11399:Puthencruz
11394:Kolenchery
11343:Manjeshwar
11333:Mangalpady
11268:Cherukunnu
11228:Meenangadi
11168:Kodencheri
11050:Valanchery
11025:Thodupuzha
11020:Thiruvalla
11010:Thalassery
10910:Nedumangad
10880:Malappuram
10830:Kayamkulam
10825:Kattappana
10765:Chengannur
10614:Thodupuzha
10604:Thiruvalla
10594:Thalassery
10589:Thalapilly
10509:Nedumangad
10484:Mannarkkad
10469:Mallapally
10359:Kanayannur
10314:Chengannur
10184:Government
9809:Waterfalls
9715:Vijayawada
9685:Srikakulam
9570:Bhimavaram
9537:Vijayawada
9529:Metropolis
9489:Srikakulam
9399:Anakapalli
9197:Government
8765:0333729765
7639:8120605535
7176:Desai 2005
7095:Kumar 1965
7071:Price 1837
6727:Craik 2007
6162:Kumar 2003
6150:Kumar 2003
6135:Sinha 2005
6039:6 November
5706:Gough 2008
5479:Ahmed 2011
4920:Smith 1976
4896:Pirie 1883
4715:Kumar 1965
4658:Walch 1976
3907:Kulke 2004
3647:References
3515:Namboodiri
3391:, tennis,
3338:sambandham
3302:agraharams
3197:Kumbakonam
3074:Ootacamund
2987:palanquins
2951:Vysya Bank
2927:Nadar Bank
2895:Ootacamund
2784:Coimbatore
2741:Georgetown
2636:Mettur Dam
2628:Coimbatore
2572:niger seed
2403:Namboodiri
2399:Travancore
2358:among the
2346:among the
2328:See also:
2316:Statue of
2180:Travancore
2118:Coimbatore
2078:See also:
1987:St. Thomas
1976:conquered
1895:Muhammadan
1819:See also:
1792:38,199,162
1781:35,630,440
1770:31,170,631
1759:31,597,872
1729:See also:
1719:Ootacamund
1679:Malkangiri
1647:Tamil Nadu
1639:Chola Nadu
1635:Kongu Nadu
1504:Travancore
1492:Viduthalai
1430:Swarajists
1259:See also:
1196:, and the
1169:See also:
1159:Shivaji II
1080:See also:
1001:Triplicane
782:Elihu Yale
735:Travancore
696:Tamil Nadu
334:49,341,810
323:Population
18567:Velachery
18542:Urapakkam
18537:Ullagaram
18532:Tirusulam
18492:Tharamani
18437:Sembakkam
18387:Perungudi
18252:Muttukadu
18232:Melkalvoy
18052:Erumaiyur
18032:Chromepet
17951:Teynampet
17876:Park Town
17841:MRC Nagar
17700:Vengathur
17690:Vellavedu
17675:Vanagaram
17630:Thandurai
17625:Thandalam
17575:Ramavaram
17570:Ramapuram
17395:Mogappair
17390:MGR Nagar
17340:Koyambedu
17310:Koduvalli
17205:Ayapakkam
17185:Arakkonam
17175:Aranvoyal
17089:VOC Nagar
17009:Vadagarai
16949:Thatchoor
16929:Sowcarpet
16894:Selavayal
16864:Royapuram
16854:Red Hills
16834:Puduvoyal
16764:Panchetti
16729:Napalayam
16564:Katupalli
16549:Karanodai
16529:Kalakkral
16524:Kaladipet
16464:Elandanur
16394:Athipattu
16064:Hospitals
15892:Arts and
15674:Education
15467:Badminton
15195:Roads and
15049:Transport
14720:Alsa Mall
14692:Kishkinta
14585:CinΓ©polis
14458:Kollywood
14351:The Hindu
14346:Sun Group
14266:EID Parry
14182:Velachery
14130:districts
14128:Business
14027:Velachery
13967:Royapuram
13815:Arakkonam
13777:Walajabad
13714:Tiruttani
13646:Velachery
13554:Districts
13483:Memorials
13360:monuments
13358:Heritage
13149:Long Tank
13059:Waterways
13013:Geography
12985:V. Sriram
12868:Governors
12655:Festivals
12650:Education
12509:Sambalpur
12484:Kendujhar
12454:Dhenkanal
12444:Berhampur
12352:Kandhamal
12347:Kalahandi
12245:Sambalpur
12240:Kendujhar
12230:Dhenkanal
12189:Districts
12141:Geography
12018:Elections
11986:Governors
11884:Capital:
11590:Kunnathur
11535:Kattakada
11525:Parassala
11509:Thrithala
11464:Pavaratty
11454:Puthukkad
11384:Devikulam
11248:Dharmadom
11233:Panamaram
11183:Nadapuram
11173:Balussery
11103:Kottakkal
10935:Ottapalam
10870:Koyilandy
10855:Kottakkal
10820:Kasaragod
10810:Kanhangad
10785:Guruvayur
10770:Cherthala
10760:Chavakkad
10750:Chalakudy
10730:Alappuzha
10682:Kozhikode
10529:Ottapalam
10494:Meenachil
10459:Kunnathur
10444:Kozhikode
10434:Koyilandy
10389:Kattakada
10384:Kasaragod
10334:Devikulam
10319:Cherthala
10309:Chavakkad
10299:Chalakudy
10253:Jackfruit
10159:Geography
10149:Education
10038:Districts
9735:Transport
9695:Tadipatri
9675:Proddatur
9670:Palakollu
9565:Anantapur
9409:Annamayya
9404:Anantapur
9386:Districts
9308:Blackbuck
9292:Kuchipudi
9257:Transport
9232:Education
9192:Geography
9170:Amaravati
9167:Capital:
8906:Provinces
8653:. Brill.
7395:The Hindu
7357:The Hindu
7318:The Hindu
7281:The Hindu
7188:Deol 2000
7138:The Hindu
7107:P.V. 1981
7097:pp. 52β53
6921:BΓΆck 2000
6831:Seal 1971
6658:The Hindu
6461:cite news
6348:Mill 1996
6281:The Hindu
6248:W.S. 1973
6191:The Hindu
5539:Thangaraj
5481:pp. 392β4
4976:Frontline
4937:Frontline
4614:W.B. 2005
4557:Sify News
4516:, pp. 3β8
4514:W.B. 2005
4393:cite news
4377:The Hindu
4193:The Hindu
4175:Dutt 1999
4105:S.A. 1969
3979:Dodd 1859
3967:Read 1997
3683:The Hindu
3652:Citations
3472:Karaikudi
3426:The Hindu
3224:in 1856.
3152:Education
3118:Tata Sons
3076:in 1899.
3042:Royapuram
3031:, c. 1913
2899:Tuticorin
2847:EID Parry
2780:Mangalore
2758:alizarine
2690:, c. 1914
2688:Samalkota
2678:, c. 1913
2676:Handlooms
2657:Tuticorin
2556:jackfruit
2554:, banana
2426:zamindari
2388:mirasidar
2380:mirasidar
2376:Ekabhogam
2348:Vellalars
2262:Mauritius
2044:Tirupathi
2016:Yerukalas
1995:Tinnevely
1885:, c. 1909
1879:Gurukulam
1843:Malayalam
1815:Languages
1800:Sources:
1711:Telangana
1699:Karnataka
1593:Geography
1452:Zamindars
1319:The Hindu
1155:Thanjavur
1138:of 1857.
888:Tulu Nadu
865:Kalabhras
854:Stone Age
712:Telangana
704:Karnataka
613:1721β1949
603:1824β1948
593:1858β1947
583:1797β1813
573:1757β1858
563:1600β1757
530:1628β1633
520:1434β1833
487:1668β1954
477:1620β1869
467:1605β1825
457:1731β1813
447:1778β1785
56:1652β1950
48:1935β1950
40:1684β1935
18603:Category
18557:Vandalur
18477:Tambaram
18457:Siruseri
18432:Selaiyur
18342:Panaiyur
18312:Padappai
18302:Oragadam
18247:Mudichur
18112:Kanathur
18077:Devaneri
17941:Santhome
17931:Saidapet
17891:Periamet
17886:Pattalam
17851:Nandanam
17846:Mylapore
17836:Mambalam
17741:Broadway
17736:Alwarpet
17685:Vellanur
17590:Sevvapet
17470:Oragadam
17460:Nolambur
17330:Korattur
17275:Kakkalur
17135:Ambattur
17024:Vaikkadu
16994:Tollgate
16924:Sirunium
16779:Perambur
16624:Kosappur
16609:Kolathur
16579:Kasimedu
16479:Ernavoor
16379:Ariyalur
16349:Alamathi
16185:The Park
16010:missions
15956:Research
15525:Football
15169:Tambaram
15152:Stations
15115:Railways
14968:Churches
14824:Religion
14697:Mayajaal
14656:Techofes
14496:Covelong
14463:Madrassi
14407:Software
14385:Industry
13992:Tambaram
13972:Saidapet
13962:RK Nagar
13947:Perambur
13937:Mylapore
13922:Kolathur
13887:Ambattur
13874:Assembly
13752:Tambaram
13674:Ambattur
13631:Perambur
13626:Mylapore
13621:Mambalam
13234:Veeranam
13139:ICF Lake
13017:wildlife
12660:Language
12504:Rourkela
12494:Paradeep
12424:Baripada
12409:Balasore
12404:Balangir
12377:Rayagada
12337:Gajapati
12325:Southern
12311:Nayagarh
12271:Balasore
12225:Debagarh
12215:Balangir
12203:Northern
12195:division
12023:Politics
11735:Uzhavoor
11665:Parumala
11650:Kulanada
11645:Aranmula
11640:Kumbanad
11610:Thenmala
11600:Kadakkal
11560:Kottiyam
11459:Manaloor
11449:Kodakara
11374:Rajakkad
11359:Peermade
11263:Azhikode
11243:Peravoor
11238:Pulpally
11203:Chundale
11188:Kuttiady
11178:Perambra
11148:Olavanna
11128:Areekode
11093:Thavanur
11055:Vatakara
10995:Shoranur
10970:Payyanur
10945:Palakkad
10920:Nilambur
10895:Mattanur
10865:Kottayam
10840:Kondotty
10805:Kalpetta
10745:Attingal
10740:Angamaly
10697:Thrissur
10649:Vatakara
10619:Thrissur
10554:Peermade
10549:Payyanur
10544:Pattambi
10534:Palakkad
10519:Nilambur
10464:Kuttanad
10429:Kottayam
10409:Kondotty
10245:Karimeen
10179:Wildlife
9902:Bahmanis
9799:Churches
9756:Seaports
9751:Roadways
9747:Railways
9743:Airports
9705:Tirupati
9625:Kakinada
9615:Hindupur
9605:Guntakal
9600:Gudivada
9580:Chittoor
9499:Tirupati
9479:Prakasam
9444:Kakinada
9419:Chittoor
9280:Language
9227:Politics
9202:Language
8588:(2004).
8317:. SAGE.
8298:. SAGE.
8226:(2004).
8189:80905179
8141:(2000).
8119:(2008).
8078:(1999).
7774:(1929).
7680:(1915).
7666:(1921).
7598:(1909).
7583:(1913).
7536:(1918).
7519:(1893).
7506:Railways
7446:, p. 233
7434:, p. 174
7422:, p. 345
7262:, p. 164
7214:, p. 173
7164:Roy 2002
7085:, p. 231
7073:, p. 154
6923:, p. 177
6911:, p. 472
6869:, p. 361
6845:, p. 345
6833:, p. 103
6795:, p. 343
6771:, p. 241
6756:, p. 240
6744:, p. 239
6729:, p. 260
6632:, p. 339
6617:, p. 338
6600:, p. 383
6573:, p. 207
6528:, p. 127
6485:, p. 304
6417:, p. 322
6402:, p. 301
6390:, p. 321
6365:, p. 303
6350:, p. 134
6333:, p. 323
6312:, p. 185
6286:Archived
6238:, p. 498
6236:Eur 2002
6122:, p. 339
6110:, p. 338
6098:, p. 410
6083:, p. 263
6071:, p. 262
6059:, p. 261
6018:, p. 264
6006:, p. 222
5994:, p. 223
5982:, p. 220
5970:, p. 219
5955:, p. 216
5940:, p. 214
5925:, p. 213
5910:, p. 212
5898:, p. 211
5881:, p. 210
5869:, p. 208
5854:, p. 298
5815:, p. 354
5803:, p. 297
5786:, p. 175
5755:, p. 206
5740:, p. 205
5723:, p. 203
5708:, p. 130
5696:, p. 278
5684:, p. 274
5665:, p. 200
5650:, p. 199
5635:, p. 197
5623:, p. 196
5611:, p. 195
5596:, p. 194
5584:, p. 276
5565:, p. 193
5529:, p. 155
5517:, p. 154
5491:Rai 2011
5306:, p. 126
5294:, p. 123
5198:, p. 198
5186:, p. 232
5150:, p. 183
5046:, p. 182
5029:, p. 181
4898:, p. 110
4886:, p. 137
4874:, p. 110
4862:, p. 337
4850:, p. 141
4838:, p. 174
4821:, p. 260
4785:, p. 121
4768:, p. 120
4753:, p. 137
4729:, p. 327
4702:Archived
4616:, p. 109
4545:, p. 149
4533:, p. 116
4504:, p. 199
4489:, p. 197
4477:, p. 196
4465:, p. 190
4453:, p. 182
4441:, p. 180
4429:, p. 179
4417:, p. 168
4351:Archived
4140:Archived
4122:, p. 223
4077:, p. 418
4017:, p. 221
3993:, p. 250
3981:, p. 288
3957:, p. 255
3933:, p. 254
3921:, p. 252
3909:, p. 245
3897:, p. 251
3866:, p. 282
3854:, p. 281
3818:, p. 206
3804:Roy 2012
3667:, p. 535
3595:See also
3436:The Mail
3393:football
3361:devadasi
3322:Paraiyar
3289:system.
3256:Brahmins
3222:Saidapet
3108:piloted
3058:Mandapam
2961:and the
2750:cheroots
2589:ryotwari
2479:ryotwari
2467:peshkash
2420:zamindar
2360:Brahmins
2354:swastium
2342:kaniachi
2272:and the
2264:(1810),
2068:Devadasi
2018:and the
1968:and the
1938:Ahobilam
1934:Sringeri
1918:Lingayat
1866:Religion
1685:and the
1667:Rayagada
1663:Gajapati
1488:Hinduism
1484:Brahmins
1328:and the
1247:and the
1239:and the
1130:and the
1092:Polygars
1033:and the
1031:Golkonda
1025:and the
1023:Marathas
953:Golconda
931:Jahangir
881:polygars
794:Calcutta
757:(modern
127:Governor
18645:80Β°16β²E
18642:13Β°05β²N
18547:Uthandi
18487:Thaiyur
18407:Potheri
18357:Payanur
18347:Paranur
18292:Okkiyam
18272:Navalur
18172:Kovalam
18127:Karanai
18087:Illalur
18042:Egattur
18012:Alandur
17946:T Nagar
17901:Pudupet
17831:Mannady
17811:Kosapet
17801:Kilpauk
17771:Choolai
17761:Chetput
17756:Chepauk
17729:Central
17615:Surapet
17580:Sekkadu
17465:Noombal
17270:Kadavur
17230:Egattur
17210:Ayathur
17165:Annanur
17145:Athipet
17094:Voyalur
17059:Vichoor
16939:Surapet
16904:Sembium
16859:Retteri
16814:Ponneri
16749:Orakadu
16659:Madiyur
16489:Gnayiru
15894:science
15855:Medical
15546:Kabaddi
15483:Cricket
14836:Temples
14651:Saarang
14578:Cinemas
14488:Beaches
14441:General
14117:Economy
14082:Sheriff
13987:T.Nagar
13952:Ponneri
13917:Harbour
13907:Chepauk
13882:Alandur
13797:Cheyyur
13737:Alandur
13689:Ponneri
13457:Statues
13253:Islands
13214:Retteri
13028:Regions
12773:History
12760:Chennai
12702:Tourism
12680:Grammar
12645:Economy
12635:Culture
12630:Cuisine
12567:Khandua
12514:Talcher
12489:Khordha
12469:Jeypore
12449:Cuttack
12429:Bhadrak
12419:Bargarh
12372:Nuapada
12357:Koraput
12301:Khordha
12281:Cuttack
12276:Bhadrak
12264:Central
12220:Bargarh
12154:Forests
12046:Kalinga
12038:History
11777:Malabar
11772:Zamorin
11720:Pampady
11710:Vazhoor
11700:Erumely
11655:Omallur
11580:Oachira
11575:Chavara
11565:Kundara
11484:Nemmara
11479:Alathur
11389:Adimali
11352:Central
11323:Karadka
11318:Parappa
11288:Alakode
11283:Irikkur
11208:Meppadi
11198:Vythiri
11193:Lakkidi
11138:Vengara
11133:Wandoor
11123:Karipur
11113:Mankada
11088:Edappal
11065:Varkala
10990:Punalur
10985:Ponnani
10960:Paravur
10885:Manjeri
10725:Anthoor
10659:Vythiri
10644:Varkala
10569:Punalur
10564:Ponnani
10344:Hosdurg
10329:Chittur
10284:Alathur
10229:Coconut
10203:Symbols
10189:Tourism
10174:History
10144:Economy
10134:Culture
10024:Capital
9819:History
9766:Tourism
9655:Nellore
9645:Nandyal
9630:Kurnool
9469:Palnadu
9459:Nandyal
9454:Kurnool
9449:Krishna
9414:Bapatla
9358:Regions
9332:Jasmine
9300:Kabaddi
9266:Symbols
9247:Tourism
9237:Cuisine
9222:Economy
9217:Culture
9187:History
8459:History
8197:7796041
7454:Sources
7250:, p. 51
7238:, p. 53
7226:, p. 50
7121:, p. 87
7109:, p. 21
7061:, p. 27
7025:, p. 79
7013:, p. 78
7001:, p. 87
6989:, p. 66
6977:, p. 65
6965:, p. 64
6950:, p. 63
6935:, p. 22
6899:, p. 69
6884:, p. 62
6857:, p. 23
6783:, p. 41
6691:, p. 74
6588:, p. 54
6429:, p. 14
6265:, p. 37
6263:B. 1998
6250:, p. 43
6164:, p. 71
6152:, p. 70
6137:, p. 44
5839:, p. 36
5827:, p. 43
5551:Patnaik
5493:, p. 91
5469:, p. 94
5457:, p. 93
5445:, p. 92
5430:, p. 91
5418:, p. 90
5399:, p. 89
5387:, p. 88
5372:, p. 86
5360:, p. 83
5348:, p. 85
5327:, p. 82
5282:, p. 57
5270:, p. 15
5258:, p. 14
5246:, p. 21
5234:, p. 20
5174:, p. 65
5162:, p. 63
5126:, p. 20
5099:, p. 22
5084:, p. 21
5061:, p. 17
4922:, p. 42
4910:, p. 73
4872:T. 1765
4797:, p. 17
4602:P. 2001
4280:, p. 36
4268:, p. 35
4256:, p. 59
4244:, p. 58
4232:, p. 28
4220:, p. 18
4177:, p. 10
4107:, p. 14
4065:, p. 55
4053:, p. 54
4041:, p. 40
4029:, p. 22
3842:, p. 18
3830:, p. 94
3806:, p. 74
3794:, p. 26
3771:, p. 19
3694:6 April
3518:Brahman
3389:cricket
3313:Serfdom
3138:Colombo
3029:Malabar
2983:jhatkas
2903:Colombo
2887:Alleppy
2792:Paravas
2776:Calicut
2754:aniline
2568:pomelos
2564:papayas
2524:brinjal
2278:Cuttack
2225:lascars
2110:Malabar
2093:of the
2008:Badagas
1999:Malabar
1978:Madurai
1958:Madurai
1950:Tanjore
1922:Smartha
1910:Saivite
1883:Tanjore
1847:Kannada
1687:Bellary
1671:Koraput
1567:Kamaraj
1496:Justice
1405:dyarchy
1391:(right)
1272:in 1922
850:dolmens
839:Origins
825:dyarchy
778:Armagon
302:β’
275:β’
235:β’
219:β’
169:Premier
105:Capital
18397:Ponmar
18337:Pammal
18067:Guindy
17976:Vepery
17866:Otteri
17776:Egmore
17565:Putlur
17560:Pudhur
17545:Poondi
17490:Pandur
17480:Pakkam
17325:Konnur
17315:Koladi
17054:Vengal
17034:Vallur
16849:Puzhal
16824:Pothur
16719:Nallur
16699:Minjur
16684:Mathur
16669:Manali
16584:Kattur
16474:Elavur
16459:Ennore
16359:Angadu
16344:Agaram
16339:Aathur
16172:Hotels
15902:Loyola
15624:Others
15562:Tennis
15399:Venues
15329:Others
15174:Others
15014:Others
14402:Retail
13912:Egmore
13616:Guindy
13611:Egmore
13585:Taluks
12851:Madras
12697:Sports
12692:Tribes
12687:People
12670:Script
12625:Cinema
12612:Topics
12459:Jajpur
12414:Barbil
12391:Cities
12342:Ganjam
12291:Jajpur
12051:Rulers
12013:Police
11957:Fish:
11944:Ashoka
11940:Flower
11926:Sambar
11922:Animal
11913:Anthem
11904:Emblem
11876:Odisha
11794:Cochin
11670:Mannar
11595:Anchal
11409:Kalady
11379:Munnar
11369:Kumily
11338:Uppala
11328:Kumbla
11218:Muttil
11060:Vaikom
10950:Panoor
10890:Maradu
10795:Iritty
10702:Kannur
10692:Kollam
10639:Vaikom
10404:Kollam
10369:Kannur
10354:Iritty
10349:Idukki
10339:Eranad
10271:Taluks
10257:Insect
10233:Flower
10217:Animal
10194:Sports
10121:Topics
10015:Kerala
9700:Tenali
9665:Ongole
9660:Nuzvid
9620:Kadapa
9610:Guntur
9590:Kadiri
9552:Cities
9439:Guntur
9328:Flower
9304:Animal
9284:Telugu
9252:Sports
9242:Cinema
9207:People
9179:Topics
9153:
8781:
8762:
8716:
8695:
8676:
8657:
8634:
8615:
8596:
8574:
8546:
8525:
8506:
8487:
8466:
8445:
8417:
8387:
8361:
8340:
8321:
8302:
8283:
8253:
8234:
8212:
8195:
8187:
8168:
8149:
8127:
8105:
8086:
8064:
8045:
8017:
7998:
7977:
7956:
7937:
7918:
7899:
7878:
7824:
7636:
7606:
7569:
7049:, p. 4
7037:, p. 5
5222:, p. 7
5210:, p. 4
5138:, p. 1
5010:
4987:27 May
4809:, p. 6
4739:Hunter
3759:, p. 7
3747:, p. 6
3735:, p. 5
3723:, p. 6
3574:Bamonn
3549:Telugu
3405:Pongal
3397:hockey
3395:, and
3318:Pallar
3307:cheris
3294:purdah
3146:Ceylon
3114:Madras
3104:pilot
3046:Egmore
2913:, the
2891:Guntur
2864:Otteri
2771:Mysore
2601:khambu
2597:cholam
2585:Cholam
2581:kambhu
2576:millet
2544:ginger
2540:pepper
2536:chilli
2518:) and
2395:Cochin
2378:. The
2372:mirasi
2370:, all
2364:mirasi
2284:, the
2178:, and
2176:Sandur
2168:Cochin
2122:Kanara
2020:Khonds
1982:Nagore
1964:, the
1960:, the
1952:, the
1944:, the
1930:Kanchi
1926:mathas
1903:Hindus
1839:Telugu
1784:+14.3%
1715:Madras
1693:, and
1683:Odisha
1659:Ganjam
1657:, the
1653:, the
1649:, the
1384:(left)
1322:, the
1192:, the
1188:, the
1113:Ganjam
1027:Nawabs
948:agency
892:Kerala
810:firqas
806:taluks
753:) and
751:Konkan
716:Madras
708:Odisha
700:Kerala
173:
131:
109:Madras
18002:Adyar
17990:South
17555:Porur
17440:Nemam
17400:Morai
17335:Kovur
17195:Avadi
16374:Arani
16327:North
15460:Teams
15388:Sport
14784:Clubs
14521:Parks
14236:Aavin
13897:Avadi
13679:Avadi
13096:Lakes
12854:Adyar
12399:Angul
12332:Boudh
12210:Angul
11872:State
11690:Aroor
11630:Ranni
11625:Konni
11518:South
11303:Bekal
11081:North
11040:Tirur
11005:Tanur
10780:Eloor
10735:Aluva
10720:Adoor
10687:Kochi
10624:Tirur
10574:Ranni
10414:Konni
10394:Kochi
10289:Aluva
10279:Adoor
10249:Fruit
10169:Ports
10164:Roads
10011:State
9784:Lakes
9779:Forts
9595:Eluru
9560:Adoni
9434:Eluru
9336:Fruit
9296:Sport
9288:Dance
9155:State
7563:(PDF)
4143:(PDF)
4136:(PDF)
3468:Salem
3464:Balan
3347:Dalit
3089:lakhs
3000:, an
2767:Coorg
2763:Wynad
2471:Inams
2463:ryots
2456:ryots
2452:ryots
2448:ryots
2439:ryots
2384:mirei
2212:When
2134:Nizam
2012:Kotas
2004:Todas
1835:Tamil
1795:+7.2%
1773:β1.4%
1695:Udupi
1619:State
1306:Adyar
939:Surat
858:Tamil
430:India
405:India
18237:MEPZ
17475:Padi
17118:West
15187:Road
15107:Rail
14590:INOX
14341:SPIC
14208:MEPZ
13015:and
12620:Arts
12499:Puri
12474:Joda
12316:Puri
11949:Tree
11931:Bird
11444:Mala
11308:Udma
10940:Pala
10241:Fish
10225:Tree
10209:Bird
10154:Film
10129:Arts
9774:Dams
9710:Tuni
9348:Neem
9344:Tree
9320:Fish
9312:Bird
9272:Song
8779:ISBN
8760:ISBN
8714:ISBN
8693:ISBN
8674:ISBN
8655:ISBN
8632:ISBN
8613:ISBN
8594:ISBN
8572:ISBN
8544:ISBN
8523:ISBN
8504:ISBN
8485:ISBN
8464:ISBN
8443:ISBN
8415:ISBN
8385:ISBN
8372:2012
8359:ISBN
8338:ISBN
8319:ISBN
8300:ISBN
8281:ISBN
8251:ISBN
8232:ISBN
8210:ISBN
8193:OCLC
8185:LCCN
8166:ISBN
8147:ISBN
8125:ISBN
8103:ISBN
8084:ISBN
8062:ISBN
8043:ISBN
8015:ISBN
7996:ISBN
7975:ISBN
7954:ISBN
7935:ISBN
7916:ISBN
7897:ISBN
7876:ISBN
7822:ISBN
7634:ISBN
7604:ISBN
7567:ISBN
7407:2012
7370:2012
7331:2012
7293:2012
7151:2012
6818:2012
6714:2012
6671:2012
6558:2012
6508:2012
6467:link
6453:2012
6294:2012
6204:2012
6041:2008
5008:ISBN
4989:2013
4983:(16)
4682:2023
4645:2019
4399:link
4385:2012
4359:2012
4329:2012
4303:2012
4205:2012
4151:2012
3696:2014
3553:Kapu
3383:and
3331:The
3320:and
3072:and
3011:The
2996:The
2853:and
2836:The
2782:and
2769:and
2756:and
2610:The
2593:inam
2591:and
2574:and
2562:and
2552:lime
2542:and
2520:ragi
2494:ryot
2490:ryot
2407:Nair
2405:and
2397:and
2362:and
2266:Java
2120:and
2116:and
2084:The
1997:and
1936:and
1916:and
1855:Tulu
1851:Odia
1833:The
1789:1901
1778:1891
1767:1881
1756:1871
1745:Pop.
1741:Year
1677:and
1518:The
1494:and
1432:. A
1338:and
1296:and
1115:and
973:Java
922:and
890:and
808:and
776:and
733:and
720:Ooty
710:and
662:The
623:1947
313:1950
296:1935
283:1833
269:1652
113:Ooty
72:Flag
15076:Sea
15060:Air
14196:SEZ
12665:Act
12640:Day
11874:of
10013:of
9519:YSR
9464:NTR
9157:of
8838:of
4347:BBC
2905:in
2862:in
2774:at
1956:at
1948:at
1928:at
1881:in
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1102:as
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