157:
6967:
Arawakan languages, at least, seem to need to be subgrouped with languages already found within
Maipurean as commonly defined. The sorting out of the labels Maipurean and Arawakan will have to await a more sophisticated classification of the languages in question than is possible at the present state
7714:
Most
Arawakan languages have split-intransitive alignment systems of subject and object cross-referencing on the verb. The agentive arguments of both transitive and intransitive verbs are marked with prefixes, whereas the patientive arguments of both transitive and intransitive verbs are marked with
288:
that was spoken throughout much of tropical lowland South
America. Proponents of this hypothesis include Santos-Granero (2002) and Eriksen (2014). Eriksen (2014) proposes that the Arawakan family had only broken up after 600 CE, but Michael (2020) considers this to be unlikely, noting that Arawakan
7513:
Many
Arawakan languages have a system of classifier morphemes that mark the semantic category of the head noun of a noun phrase on most other elements of the noun phrase. The example below is from the Tariana language, in which classifier suffixes mark the semantic category of the head noun on all
454:
and poorly documented. However, apart from transparent relationships that might constitute single languages, several groups of
Maipurean languages are generally accepted by scholars. Many classifications agree in dividing Maipurean into northern and southern branches, but perhaps not all languages
514:
The following (tentative) classification is from
Kaufman (1994: 57-60). Details of established branches are given in the linked articles. In addition to the family tree detailed below, there are a few languages that are "Non-Maipurean Arawakan languages or too scantily known to classify" (Kaufman
7460:
Arawakan languages tend to distinguish alienable and inalienable possession. A feature found throughout the
Arawakan family is a suffix (whose reconstructed Proto-Arawakan form is /*-tsi/) that allows the inalienable (and obligatorily possessed) body-part nouns to remain unpossessed. This suffix
7039:
manuscript vocabulary of 500 items. However, most entries which reflect acculturation are direct borrowings from one or another of three model languages (Spanish, Dutch, English). Of the 1400 entries in de Goeje, 106 reflect
European contact; 98 of these are loans. Nouns which occur with the
7001:
The Arawak language family, as constituted by L. Adam, at first by the name of
Maypure, has been called by Von den Steinen "Nu-Arawak" from the prenominal prefix "nu-" for the first person. This is common to all the Arawak tribes scattered along the coasts from Suriname to Guyana.
7035:'s published vocabulary of 1928 outlines the Lokono/Arawak (Suriname and Guyana) 1400 items, comprising mostly morphemes (stems, affixes) and morpheme partials (single sounds), and only rarely compounded, derived, or otherwise complex sequences; and from Nancy P. Hickerson's
15218:
Corbera Mori, A. (2005). As línguas Waurá e
Mehinakú do Brasil Central. In: A. S. A. C. Cabral & S. C. S. de Oliveira (eds.), Anais do IV Congresso Internacional da ABRALIN, 795-804. Brasília: Associação Brasileira de Lingüística, Universidade de
7451:
Arawakan languages are polysynthetic and mostly head-marking. They have fairly complex verb morphology. Noun morphology is much less complex and tends to be similar across the family. Arawakan languages are mostly suffixing, with just a few prefixes.
7823:
The prefixes and suffixes used for subject and object cross-referencing on the verb are stable throughout the Arawakan languages, and can therefore be reconstructed for Proto-Arawakan. The table below shows the likely forms of Proto-Arawakan:
309:
As one of the most geographically widespread language families in all of the Americas, Arawakan linguistic influence can be found in many language families of South America. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the
8138:
Arawak-speaking peoples migrated to islands in the Caribbean some 2,500 years ago, settling the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. It is possible that some poorly attested extinct languages in North America, such as the languages of the
15228:
Crevels, M.; Van Der Voort, H. (2008). The Guaporé-Mamoré region as a linguistic area. In: P. Muysken (ed.), From linguistic areas to areal linguistics (Studies in Language Companion Series, 90), 151-179. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John
8189:-speaking descendants in these islands. The Taíno language was scantily attested but its classification within the Arawakan family is uncontroversial. Its closest relative among the better attested Arawakan languages seems to be the
8203:(or Black Carib) is another Arawakan language originating on the islands. It developed as the result of forced migration among people of mixed Arawak, Carib, and African descent. It is estimated to have about 195,800 speakers in
7461:
essentially converts inalienable body-part nouns into alienable nouns. It can only be added to body-part nouns and not to kinship nouns (which are also treated as inalienable). An example from the Pareci language is given below:
7048:
Though a great deal of variation can be found from language to language, the following is a general composite statement of the consonants and vowels typically found in Arawak languages, according to Aikhenvald (1999):
14886:
15286:
Payne, D. L. (1991). A classification of Maipuran (Arawakian) languages based on shared lexical retentions. In: D. C. Derbyshire & G. K. Pullun (orgs.), Handbook of Amazonian languages, 355-499. The Hague:
8066:
Arawak is the largest family in the Americas with the respect to number of languages. The Arawakan languages are spoken by peoples occupying a large swath of territory, from the eastern slopes of the central
14395:
6977:
The languages called Arawakan or Maipurean were originally recognized as a separate group in the late nineteenth century. Almost all the languages now called Arawakan share a first-person singular prefix
203:
in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Almost all present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, the exceptions being
14589:
755:
Apart from minor decisions on whether a variety is a language or a dialect, changing names, and not addressing several poorly attested languages, Aikhenvald departs from Kaufman in breaking up the
14694:
14648:
15296:
Shaver, H. (1996). Diccionario nomatsiguenga-castellano, castellano-nomatsiguenga (Serie Linguística Peruana, 41). Pucallpa: Ministerio de Educación & Summer Institute of Linguistics.
14511:
15215:
Captain, D. M.; Captain, L. B. (2005). Diccionario Basico: Ilustrado; Wayuunaiki-Espanol ; Espanol-Wayuunaiki. Bogota: Edit. Fundación para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Marginados.
3169:(2020) is as follows. This classification differs quite substantially from his previous classification (Ramirez 2001), but is very similar to the one proposed by Jolkesky (2016).
18169:
19483:
14894:
3144:: first person singular prefix *ta- replacing *nu-. Carvalho also reconstructs the suffix *-ja (possibly a deictic) and *kabɨnɨ 'three' as characteristic of this subgroup.
5891:
6215:, Salta province, Argentina, but now the tribe speaks only a language of the Tupi stock and the old language serves only for religious ceremonies. (only a few words.)
576:, Maipure, Manao, Kariaí, Waraikú, Yabaána, Wiriná, Aruán, Taíno, Kalhíphona, Marawán-Karipurá, Saraveca, Custenau, Inapari, Kanamaré, Shebaye, Lapachu, and Morique.
15340:
Thiago Costa Chacon. (2018). CLDF dataset derived from Chacon's "Arawakan and Tukanoan contacts in Northwest Amazonia prehistory" from 2017 (Version v1.1) . Zenodo.
5302:
4471:
165:): North-Maipurean (pale blue) and South-Maipurean (deeper blue). Spots represent location of extant languages, and shadowed areas show probable earlier locations.
15314:
Tripp, M. D. (1998). Diccionario Yanesha' (Amuesha)-Castellano. (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 47). Lima: Ministerio de Educación / Summer Institute of Linguistics.
6832:
3896:
4896:
5359:
4555:
14586:
14400:
15381:. Publications of the Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore, and Linguistics. Vol. 38. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
15330:
Thiago Costa Chacon. (2018, November 27). CLDF dataset derived from Chacon et al.'s "Diversity of Arawakan Languages" from 2019 (Version v1.0.1). Zenodo.
15302:
Solís, G.; Snell, B. E. (2005). Tata onkantakera niagantsipage anianeegiku (Diccionario escolar Machiguenga). Lima, Perú: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
6137:
5789:
4825:
4228:
15169:
Payne, David (1991). "A classification of Maipuran (Arawakan) languages based on shared lexical retentions". In Derbyshire, D. C.; Pullum, G. K. (eds.).
14739:
6776:
6639:
5735:
5621:
15274:
Nies, J., et alii (1986). Diccionario Piro. Tokanchi Gikshijikowaka-Steno (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 22). Yarinacocha: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
5849:
3156:
such as *iNʧato 'tree', *-taki 'bark', *-toNki 'bone', etc. There are also typological innovations due to contact with Andean languages such as Quechua.
18150:
15320:
Durbin, M.; Seijas, H. (1973). A Note on Panche, Pijao, Pantagora (Palenque), Colima and Muzo. International Journal of American Linguistics, 39:47-51.
15222:
Couto, F. P. (2012). Contribuições para a fonética e fonologia da língua Manxineru (Aruák). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília. (Masters dissertation).
5775:
4341:
15350:
Thiago Costa Chacon. (2018). CLDF dataset derived from Chacon's "Annotated Swadesh Lists for Arawakan Languages" from 2017 (Version v1.0.1) . Zenodo.
5757:
5260:
19471:
18128:
15247:
Facundes, S. Da S. (2000). The Language of the Apurinã People of Brazil (Maipure/Arawak). University of New York at Buffalo. (Doctoral dissertation).
15235:
de Créqui-Montfort, G.; Rivet, P. (1913c). Linguistique bolivienne. La langue Saraveka. Journal de la Sociétè des Americanistes de Paris, 10:497-540.
6556:
5946:
5793:
5711:
14544:
6445:
6346:
6303:
6289:
6230:
6226:
5950:
5753:
5326:
4959:
4781:
4723:
4453:
6788:
6653:
5881:
5807:
5020:
4991:
4361:
4317:
4127:
5938:
5853:
19478:
15271:
Mosonyi, J. C. (1987). El idioma yavitero: ensayo de gramática y diccionario. Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela. (Doctoral dissertation).
6780:
6726:
6600:
6324:
5877:
5863:
5835:
4916:
4807:
4523:
4327:
4190:
15244:
Ekdahl, E. M.; Butler, N. E. (1969). Terêna dictionary. Brasília: SIL. ELIAS ORTIZ, S. (1945). Los Indios Yurumanguíes. Acta Americana, 4:10-25.
7514:
elements of a noun phrase other than the head noun (including adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, possessives) and on the verb of the clause:
6963:
name is the one normally applied to what is here called Maipurean. Maipurean used to be thought to be a major subgroup of Arawakan, but all the
5721:
4066:
18015:
14508:
6828:
6389:
5725:
4590:
4586:
4391:
4371:
4027:
14612:
19461:
6248:
5779:
5675:
5544:
5330:
5173:
4435:
4381:
4214:
4955:
15442:
6764:
6750:
6483:
5928:
4727:
4551:
4527:
4951:
16117:
15232:
de Créqui-Montfort, G.; Rivet, P. (1913b). Linguistique Bolivienne: La langue Lapaču ou Apolista. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 45:512-531.
6760:
5450:
5312:
884:
together under a Rio Branco branch, giving for Mawayana also the names "Mapidian" and "Mawakwa" (with some reservations for the latter).
15277:
Ott, W.; Burke de Ott, R. (1983). Diccionario Ignaciano y Castellano: con apuntes gramaticales. Cochabamba: Inst. Lingüístico de Verano.
15241:
Duff-Tripp, M. (1998). Diccionario: Yanesha' (Amuesha) - Castellano. (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 47.) Lima: Inst. Lingüístico de Verano.
5177:
5163:
19466:
14573:
4572:
6667:
568:
Including the unclassified languages mentioned above, the Maipurean family has about 64 languages. Out of them, 29 languages are now
15283:
Parker, S. (2010). Chamicuro data: exhaustive list. (SIL Language and Culture Documentation and Description, 12). SIL International.
15256:
Gill, W. (1993 ). Diccionario Trinitario-Castellano y Castellano-Trinitario. San Lorenzo de Mojos: Misión Evangélica Nuevas Tribus.
4271:
30:
This article is about the Maipurean languages, or Arawakan proper. For the Araucanian language family spoken in the Patagonia, see
18421:
19369:
18928:
15410:
15317:
Wapishana Language Project. (2000). Scholars's dictionary and grammar of the Wapishana language. Porto Velho: SIL International.
4290:- once spoken in the village of San Cristóbal, state of Táchira. (Febres Cordero 1921, pp. 116–160 passim, only six words.)
18143:
15250:
Farabee, W. C. (1918). The Central Arawaks (University Museum Anthropological Publication, 9). Philadelphia: University Museum.
15305:
Souza, I. (2008). Koenukunoe emo'u: A língua dos índios Kinikinau. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. (Doctoral dissertation).
19316:
18163:
14712:
14666:
18159:
17530:
17111:
14627:
18877:
17640:
15253:
Fargetti, C. M. (2001). Estudo Fonológico e Morfossintático da Língua Juruna. Campinas: UNICAMP. (Doctoral dissertation).
293:(2015) suggests a demographic expansion that had taken place over a few thousand years, similar to the dispersals of the
192:
15280:
Parker, S. (1995). Datos de la lengua Iñapari. (Documento de Trabajo, 27). Yarinacocha: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
14938:
16612:
15265:
Kindberg, L. D. (1980). Diccionario asháninca (Documento de Trabajo, 19). Yarinacocha: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
14460:
771:
branch of Northern Maipurean, though keeping Aruán and Palikur together; and is agnostic about the sub-grouping of the
371:
18158:
3195:
19519:
19336:
18136:
17797:
15196:
15141:
15042:
15000:
14992:
6936:
and subsequent linguists. In North America, however, scholars have used the term to include a hypothesis adding the
6583:. The descendants, in the villages of San Lorenzo, San Xavier, and Santa Cruz, now speak only Quechua. (Unattested.)
2029:
19488:
19356:
19291:
18741:
17773:
17012:
15435:
15311:
Trevor R. A. (1979). Vocabulario Resígaro (Documento de Trabajo, 16). Yarinacocha: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
15308:
Suazo, S. (2011). Lila Garifuna: Diccionario Garífuna: Garifuna - Español. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Litografía López.
14959:
14582:
15164:. Historia general de América. Vol. 10. Caracas: Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia. p. 223.
7029:, also Arawakan speakers. In 1890–95, De Brette estimated a population of 3,000 persons in the Guajira peninsula.
19301:
18199:
16931:
16867:
16110:
3253:
1456:
The internal structures of each branch is given below. Note that the strictly binary splits are a result of the
18645:
17544:
16786:
442:
language families due to contact. However, these similarities could be due to inheritance, contact, or chance.
17295:
15238:
Dixon, R. M. W.; Aikhenvald, A. (eds.) (1999). The Amazonian Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14736:
280:(ALMH) suggests that the modern diversity of the Arawakan language family stems from the diversification of a
19410:
19311:
19306:
19121:
18730:
18010:
17657:
16792:
16617:
16403:
16397:
16321:
15684:
15647:
3302:
2342:
19034:
7715:
suffixes. The following example from Baniwa of Içana shows a typical Arawakan split-intransitive alignment:
19341:
19321:
18020:
18005:
17704:
17005:
16992:
16763:
16724:
15010:, Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, Afdeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks.
14520:
6171:
2636:
323:
19256:
7428:
7425:
7409:
7406:
7392:
7389:
7384:
7381:
7376:
7373:
7334:
7325:
7309:
7304:
7297:
7281:
7259:
7241:
7234:
7229:
7222:
7206:
7201:
7183:
7174:
7169:
7154:
7149:
7140:
7135:
7119:
7110:
7105:
19509:
19296:
18780:
18000:
17994:
17779:
17052:
16970:
16943:
16647:
16637:
15428:
14541:
14377:
For lists of Proto-Arawakan reconstructions by Jolkesky (2016) and Ramirez (2019), see the corresponding
6272:
1213:
676:
331:
15722:
15262:
Jolkesky, M. P. V. (2016). Uma reconstrução do proto-mamoré-guaporé (família arawak). LIAMES, 16.1:7-37.
1934:
873:. She does not classify 15 extinct languages which Kaufman had placed in various branches of Maipurean.
19514:
19445:
19331:
19281:
18845:
18440:
17566:
17227:
17024:
16822:
16682:
16652:
16642:
16632:
16338:
16103:
15875:
15856:
15062:
Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Arawakan".
14480:
Santos-Granero, F. 2002. The Arawakan matrix: ethos, language, and history in native South America. In
6175:
3015:
1344:
561:
15033:. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.),
19286:
19271:
19172:
19087:
18850:
18630:
18527:
17978:
17785:
17761:
17736:
17709:
17692:
16702:
16657:
16627:
16600:
16171:
16126:
6159:
4248:- extinct language once spoken on the islands of Curaçao and Aruba near the Venezuelan coast, on the
407:
14553:
8193:, spoken in Colombia and Venezuela. Scholars have suggested that the Wayuu are descended from Taíno
450:
Classification of Maipurean is difficult because of the large number of Arawakan languages that are
19246:
19241:
18796:
18025:
17832:
17469:
17457:
17289:
16351:
16344:
16160:
16061:
16044:
14609:
6151:
3338:
3328:
1817:
253:
89:
17:
951:
Piapoko, Achagua; Baniwa-Koripako, Tariana; Warekena, Mandawaka; Kabiyari; Yukuna, Wainumá-Mariaté
244:, which he used as a basis of his comparisons. It was renamed after the culturally more important
19276:
17030:
16955:
16358:
16308:
15212:
Cadete, C. (1991). Dicionário Wapichana-Português/Português-Wapishana. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.
7017:
group of L. Quevedo). In the islands of Marajos, in the middle of the estuary of the Amazon, the
6882:
4662:
4611:
2970:
2246:
2115:
1911:
423:
383:
298:
18259:
6018:
4976:- spoken in the same region north of the Tariana tribe. Now only Tucano is spoken. (Unattested.)
19430:
19390:
19266:
19261:
19251:
19236:
18774:
18546:
18460:
18425:
18044:
17892:
17687:
17463:
17416:
17046:
16963:
16622:
16606:
16414:
16315:
16178:
16154:
16025:
5187:
5159:
3063:
1588:
625:
590:
465:
315:
294:
18702:
18482:
17682:
15899:
15864:
3023:
1703:
19440:
19420:
19405:
19364:
19326:
19111:
19063:
18948:
18675:
18605:
18542:
18090:
17988:
17677:
17480:
17270:
17259:
17221:
16828:
16802:
16707:
16697:
16380:
16296:
16147:
15585:
15467:
14770:
8258:
3858:
3846:
2896:
2541:
2351:
1688:
1645:
1379:
1322:
823:
807:
439:
435:
395:
18887:
18361:
18226:
17791:
17516:
16005:
16000:
14934:
Aikhenvald, A. (2002). Language contact in Amazonia. Oxford University Press. Accessed from
14570:
8239:
5689:
3088:
3083:
1575:
367:
19415:
19395:
19197:
19131:
18936:
18785:
18065:
17822:
17630:
17603:
17586:
17554:
17452:
17166:
17091:
17018:
16797:
16774:
16746:
16677:
16588:
16369:
16020:
15932:
15846:
14980:
8247:
8242:
or Campa proper has 15–18,000 speakers; and Ashéninca 18–25,000. After that probably comes
6560:
5671:
3106:
3068:
2476:
2358:
2075:
1602:
1584:
1549:
1296:
387:
375:
31:
18992:
18508:
18368:
17950:
15667:
14887:"Invaders nearly wiped out Caribbean's first people long before Spanish came, DNA reveals"
6271:- once spoken near Albuquerque, now by only a few families on the Posto Cachoeirinha near
3292:
3032:
2955:
2900:
2315:
1843:
1712:
8:
19435:
19400:
19374:
18892:
18867:
18760:
18696:
18652:
18601:
18591:
18434:
18286:
17842:
17746:
17646:
17635:
17597:
17576:
17474:
17433:
17208:
17190:
17184:
17159:
17152:
17145:
17058:
17041:
16780:
16446:
16433:
16327:
16277:
16134:
16068:
15259:
Green, D.; Green, H. G. (1998). Yuwit kawihka dicionário Palikúr - Português. Belém: SIL.
8104:
7217:
7192:
7163:
6937:
6933:
6569:- extinct language once spoken in the same region east of the Aguano tribe. (Unattested.)
6189:
3646:
2681:
2585:
2470:
2049:
327:
18244:
15922:
15917:
15695:
15678:
15531:
4593:, Amazonas territory, Venezuela. (Gilij 1780-1784, vol. 3, p. 383, only six words.)
4401:
3828:
3755:
3741:
3049:
3044:
2444:
2437:
1879:
1875:
1617:
1544:
1535:
1479:
639:
19188:
19167:
19162:
19157:
19152:
19126:
19068:
18980:
18953:
18855:
18838:
18709:
18685:
18640:
18623:
18586:
18581:
18396:
18279:
18239:
17756:
17751:
17741:
17724:
17719:
17714:
17698:
17667:
17662:
17615:
17609:
17505:
17428:
17312:
17276:
17237:
17179:
16986:
16981:
16692:
16451:
16420:
16386:
16374:
16333:
16208:
15836:
15727:
15642:
15637:
15632:
15605:
15575:
15541:
15495:
15107:
15082:
15051:. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R.E. Asher (Eds.),
14957:
Enciclopédia das línguas arawak: acrescida de seis novas línguas e dois bancos de dados
14775:
14718:
14696:
Enciclopédia das línguas Arawak: acrescida de seis novas línguas e dois bancos de dados
14672:
14650:
Enciclopédia das línguas Arawak: acrescida de seis novas línguas e dois bancos de dados
14482:
Comparative Arawakan Histories: Rethinking Language Family and Culture Area in Amazonia
14452:
8158:
8013:
7067:
6167:
6133:
6083:
5641:
3905:- once spoken on the island of Cuba; in the nineteenth century only in the villages of
3892:
3817:
3542:
3482:
3443:
3380:
3247:
3153:
2920:
2883:
2845:
2744:
2735:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2385:
2252:
2124:
2091:
2081:
2043:
2006:
1996:
1929:
1907:
1861:
1781:
1661:
1606:
1553:
1491:
1457:
1300:
1210:
881:
857:
801:
667:
620:
347:
19006:
18403:
18382:
18249:
17853:
17816:
15978:
15927:
15794:
15689:
15610:
15070:
6031:- extinct language once spoken at the old mission El Carmen in Beni province, Bolivia.
3765:
3716:
3662:
3526:
3473:
3411:
3119:
3010:
2189:
1772:
1730:
1495:
688:
572:: Wainumá, Mariaté, Anauyá, Amarizana, Jumana, Pasé, Cawishana, Garú, Marawá, Guinao,
147:
19425:
19346:
19073:
19046:
18959:
18908:
18824:
18790:
18764:
18736:
18721:
18657:
18347:
18208:
17767:
17672:
17652:
17591:
17571:
17282:
17243:
17214:
17202:
17139:
17085:
17063:
17036:
16976:
16949:
16768:
16729:
16719:
16687:
16560:
16486:
16468:
16462:
16364:
16282:
16196:
16015:
16010:
15894:
15885:
15870:
15804:
15778:
15773:
15763:
15758:
15753:
15673:
15615:
15570:
15565:
15559:
15490:
15485:
15480:
15382:
15192:
15137:
15112:
15038:
14996:
14988:
14983:(1999). The Arawak language family. In R. M. W. Dixon & A. Y. Aikhenvald (Eds.),
14722:
14708:
14676:
14662:
14456:
14444:
8235:
8200:
7270:
7248:
7099:
7086:
7076:
7072:
7032:
6905:
in the Guianas, one of the major languages of the family. The modern equivalents are
6768:
6730:
4428:- once spoken by the neighbors of the Guayupe tribe in the same region. (Unattested.)
4232:
4158:
3567:
3558:
3551:
3491:
3282:
3263:
3234:
3078:
3000:
2990:
2985:
2930:
2925:
2836:
2813:
2675:
2572:
2561:
2527:
2452:
2321:
2290:
2235:
2195:
2178:
2165:
1938:
1852:
1812:
1777:
1683:
1649:
1621:
1566:
1475:
877:
616:
573:
471:
351:
319:
289:
internal diversity is greater than that of the Romance languages. On the other hand,
19013:
18563:
18556:
18294:
18272:
18265:
17858:
17847:
17827:
16165:
15982:
15890:
15505:
8150:
8050:
7999:
7438:
For more detailed notes on specific languages see Aikhenvald (1999) pp. 76–77.
6417:
6360:
6350:
6328:
5924:
3639:
3396:
3224:
3028:
1708:
1640:
697:
693:
19177:
19144:
19100:
19081:
19027:
18986:
18966:
18882:
18831:
18817:
18810:
18803:
18747:
18663:
18576:
18570:
18446:
18320:
18315:
18254:
18215:
18075:
17935:
17925:
17920:
17874:
17868:
17837:
17730:
17625:
17549:
17487:
17439:
17374:
17367:
17360:
17353:
17346:
17335:
17319:
17254:
17249:
17232:
17173:
17067:
16999:
16910:
16877:
16845:
16741:
16713:
16662:
16583:
16567:
16553:
16535:
16528:
16514:
16474:
16456:
16440:
16426:
16248:
16231:
16082:
16075:
16054:
15963:
15841:
15768:
15732:
15662:
15554:
15549:
15526:
15500:
15351:
15341:
15331:
15290:
Ramirez, H. (2001a). Dicionário Baniwa-Portugues. Manaus: Universidade do Amazonas.
15102:
15094:
15048:
15030:
14751:
14700:
14654:
14436:
8182:
8178:
7062:
7057:
6941:
6886:
6784:
5817:
5761:
5409:
5127:
5109:
5091:
4691:
4253:
3885:
Islands of Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico and Jamaica. Dialects are:
3882:
3795:
3616:
3589:
3576:
3508:
3422:
3371:
3348:
3276:
3270:
3115:
2995:
2960:
2945:
2940:
2888:
2878:
2830:
2796:
2700:
2642:
2620:
2611:
2595:
2511:
2502:
2374:
2331:
2272:
2263:
2228:
2222:
2202:
2056:
1983:
1920:
1898:
1803:
1750:
870:
851:
833:
827:
744:
712:
661:
633:
612:
569:
543:
531:
519:
431:
419:
403:
391:
379:
355:
335:
237:
233:
200:
18521:
18453:
18389:
18375:
18354:
17915:
17863:
16855:
15657:
14755:
6518:
6504:
6435:
6425:
6403:
6163:
6155:
6123:
6087:
6062:
5554:
5246:
5073:
4906:
4705:
4280:- once spoken in the village of Lagunillas, state of Mérida, Venezuela. (Nothing.)
3536:
3453:
2980:
2913:
2725:
2655:
2517:
2025:
1830:
1763:
1739:
795:
602:
19203:
19137:
18973:
18917:
18691:
18635:
18488:
18340:
18333:
18326:
18070:
17945:
17930:
17899:
17620:
17581:
17446:
17392:
17264:
17126:
16892:
16887:
16752:
16667:
16548:
16541:
16521:
16503:
16408:
16391:
16190:
15992:
15880:
15706:
15701:
15652:
15627:
15600:
15475:
15420:
14963:
14942:
14743:
14631:
14616:
14593:
14577:
14548:
14515:
14378:
8243:
8144:
8068:
7989:
7292:
7081:
6902:
6864:
6508:
6115:
5895:
5693:
5540:
4457:
3960:
3779:
3731:
3722:
3679:
3669:
3463:
3433:
3402:
3309:
3215:
3205:
3111:
2950:
2905:
2821:
2777:
2768:
2757:
2691:
2627:
2547:
2461:
2431:
2297:
2281:
2211:
2146:
2130:
1894:
1870:
1834:
1735:
1692:
1656:
845:
819:
729:
483:
427:
411:
343:
311:
245:
196:
188:
84:
72:
18613:
18609:
18234:
14624:
14484:, ed. J Hill, F Santos-Granero, pp. 25–50. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
14425:"Computational phylogenetics and the classification of South American languages"
6846:
6539:
6307:
6038:
6000:
5631:
5511:
4467:
4415:
4070:
3189:
2021:
2012:
455:
fit into one or the other. The three classifications below are accepted by all:
252:
took over, until its use was extended by North American scholars to the broader
19231:
19210:
19093:
19056:
19020:
18514:
18500:
18476:
18469:
18080:
17940:
17909:
17880:
17511:
17397:
17380:
17330:
17325:
17196:
17133:
16903:
16897:
16817:
16812:
16758:
16735:
16480:
16302:
16259:
16242:
16236:
16214:
16202:
16030:
15973:
15968:
15958:
15909:
15799:
15748:
15621:
15510:
15299:
Snell, B. (1973). Pequeño diccionario machiguenga-castellano. Yarinacocha: SIL.
15013:
14390:
8231:
8190:
8186:
8023:
7093:
6890:
6663:
6643:
6580:
6421:
6385:
6119:
5867:
5651:
5617:
5613:
5587:
5515:
5468:
5454:
5250:
5105:
5095:
5024:
4995:
4666:
4541:
4509:
4331:
4297:
4200:
4180:
4106:
4102:
4084:
4031:
3748:
3710:
3703:
3655:
3517:
3390:
3102:
3098:
3073:
2909:
2786:
2710:
2662:
2578:
2364:
2139:
2106:
2069:
2038:
2016:
1754:
1665:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
839:
720:
707:
477:
415:
399:
359:
339:
281:
217:
15415:
14497:, ed. L O'Connor, P Muysken, pp. 152–76. New York: Cambridge University Press.
8261:(1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Arawakan languages.
8222:
Today the Arawakan languages with the most speakers are among the more recent
6293:
5942:
5825:
5821:
5489:
5388:
5380:
4930:
4878:
4821:
4803:
4785:
4763:
4745:
778:
The following breakdown uses Aikhenvald's nomenclature followed by Kaufman's:
19503:
18999:
18942:
18902:
17964:
17904:
17886:
17402:
17386:
17340:
17097:
16917:
16882:
16872:
16850:
16807:
16672:
16253:
16185:
15942:
15937:
14935:
14690:
14644:
14448:
8140:
8096:
8040:
7356:
7129:
6798:
6710:
6706:
6590:
6459:
6364:
6244:
6234:
6212:
6179:
5937:- spoken by a little known tribe inhabiting the tropical forests between the
5609:
5591:
4629:
4607:
4439:
4405:
4307:
4249:
3807:
3632:
3259:
3166:
3053:
2965:
2751:
2482:
2155:
893:
363:
285:
56:
16095:
15023:
Garifuna. (2015). In M. P. Lewis, G. F. Simmons, & C. D. Fennig (Eds.),
14704:
14658:
14424:
6511:, Amapá territory. A few descendants now speak only a French creole dialect.
6473:
6463:
18410:
16861:
15355:
15345:
15335:
15293:
Ramirez, H. (2001b). Línguas Arawak da Amazônia Setentrional. Manaus: EDUA.
15116:
15098:
15071:"Pre-Columbian Links to the Caribbean: Evidence Connecting Cusabo to Taino"
13340:
8080:
7026:
6818:
6772:
6702:
6455:
6052:
6042:
5285:
5281:
5228:
5207:
5155:
5145:
5141:
5119:
4839:
4491:
4419:
4351:
4310:
and in the village of Teguas, department of Boyacá, Colombia. (Unattested.)
4267:
4204:
4137:
4080:
4062:
3788:
2807:
459:
290:
15386:
15151:
Derbyshire, Desmond C. (1992). "Arawakan languages". In Bright, W. (ed.).
15083:"Bayesian phylogeography of the Arawak expansion in lowland South America"
3989:- language spoken by the women of the Carib tribes in the Lesser Antilles.
133:
13940:
13788:
8166:
7368:
7351:
5920:
5749:
5507:
5493:
5413:
5384:
5211:
5197:
5137:
5123:
5087:
5063:
5034:
5016:
4853:
4789:
4695:
4487:
4257:
4161:
in Colombia and Venezuela with two dialects, Guimpejegual and Gopujegual.
4073:, territory of Rio Branco, Brazil, and in the adjoining region in Guyana.
3924:
3625:
3600:
2555:
14956:
6850:
4540:- spoken by a little known tribe that lived on the middle course of the
3914:
2606:
216:. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical
16508:
15134:
American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America
14440:
7418:
7361:
6808:
6740:
6698:
5975:
5739:
5685:
5334:
767:') to what is left of Southern Outlier ('South Arawak'); breaks up the
15368:
Matteson, Esther (1972). "Proto Arawakan". In Matteson, Esther (ed.).
7985:
and various forms of this word are found among the related languages:
6681:
4881:
near the village of San Pedro, frontier region of Brazil and Colombia.
3906:
2536:
2521:
15056:
8212:
8208:
8128:
8124:
8112:
8100:
7399:
7320:
7022:
5655:
241:
141:
127:
76:
14495:
The Native Language of South America: Origins, Development, Typology
6671:
6579:- extinct language of a tribe that lived on the lower course of the
3173:
12 subgroups consisting of 56 languages (29 living and 27 extinct) (
177:
Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper
8204:
8132:
8116:
8108:
8088:
7709:
4694:, territory of Amazonas, Venezuela, and on the upper course of the
3974:
3364:
764:
156:
15035:
Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages
14509:
A expansão Arawak: tecendo linguística, arqueologia e antropologia
6697:- language spoken by many tribes in Colombia and Venezuela on the
6609:- once spoken in San Lorenzo village, Loreto region. (Unattested.)
4575:, Vichada territory, Colombia. Inhabitants now speak only Spanish.
3609:
869:
Aikhenvald classifies Kaufman's unclassified languages apart from
15155:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 102–105.
14610:
Estudos diacrônicos de línguas indígenas brasileiras: um panorama
13968:
13880:
13384:
8194:
8174:
8170:
8076:
7040:
verbalizing suffix described above number 9 out of the 98 loans.
3944:
3934:
3321:
2308:
763:
branches of Southern Maipurean. She assigns Salumã and Lapachu ('
451:
209:
205:
64:
60:
14542:
Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas
14418:
14416:
7021:
people spoke an Arawak dialect. The Guajira Peninsula (north of
18104:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
18085:
17983:
13716:
13336:
8216:
8120:
8092:
8084:
6022:
5059:
3910:
2868:
Internal classification by Nikulin & Carvalho (2019: 270):
15066:. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
8153:, commonly called Island Arawak, was spoken on the islands of
4480:- once spoken in the state of Mérida, Venezuela. (Unattested.)
3845:
Below is a full list of Arawakan language varieties listed by
3131:
Phonological innovations characterizing some of the branches:
14735:
Ramirez, Henri; França, Maria Cristina Victorino de. (2019).
14413:
13776:
8162:
6004:
5245:- language of a tribe in the territory of Rio Branco, on the
213:
68:
15018:
The races of man: an outline of anthropology and ethnography
8111:
on the northern coast of South America, and as far north as
6589:- once spoken in the same region on the lower course of the
6261:- extinct language once spoken in Mato Grosso. (Unattested.)
4744:- spoken on the frontier between Colombia and Brazil on the
4494:
in the department of Boyacá and territory of Meta, Colombia.
15173:. Vol. 3. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 355–499.
8154:
8072:
6466:, state of Pará, Brazil; now perhaps extinct. (Unattested.)
5553:- extinct language once spoken on the middle course of the
5072:- extinct language once spoken on the middle course of the
4274:, state of Lara, Venezuela. (only two words and patronyms.)
6948:
to distinguish the core family, which is sometimes called
6646:, department of Cuzco, Peru; now mainly Quechua is spoken.
4408:, territories of Meta and Vichada, Colombia. (Unattested.)
15396:
A Reconstruction of the Proto-Arawakan Consonantal System
14826:
14824:
5058:- extinct language once spoken around the modern city of
4390:- once spoken in the same hill region in Colombia on the
4207:
in the same region, Zulia state, Venezuela. (Unattested.)
15268:
Mehináku, M. (n.d.). Vocabulário mehinaku. (Manuscript).
14422:
8238:, with about 100,000 speakers. The Campa group is next;
8197:, but the theory seems impossible to prove or disprove.
6476:, territory of Amapá, now perhaps extinct. (Unattested.)
7705:‘This one big hospital of theirs has been made of wood’
7455:
6986:. Other commonalities include a second-person singular
6928:
is now used in two senses. South American scholars use
4998:, territory of Amazonas, Colombia. Now perhaps extinct.
15411:
Arawak Languages - Linguistics - Oxford Bibliographies
15225:
Couto, F. P. (n.d.). Dados do manxineri. (Manuscript).
14833:
14821:
14493:
Eriksen L, Danielsen S. 2014. The Arawakan matrix. In
6517:- extinct language once spoken in the eastern part of
5311:- spoken in the same region, Amazonas territory, near
3983:- once spoken on the island of Trinidad. (Unattested.)
27:
Language family of indigenous peoples in South America
15037:(pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press.
6845:- language, now probably extinct, once spoken on the
6662:- spoken in the same region on the right bank of the
6051:- extinct language once spoken at the sources of the
5974:- extinct language once spoken in the old mission of
5408:- extinct language once spoken at the sources of the
5227:- extinct language once spoken at the sources of the
15162:
Panorama general de las lenguas indígenas en América
14401:
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
6090:, Santa Cruz province, Bolivia, now perhaps extinct.
3824:
3813:
3761:
3737:
3675:
3585:
3572:
3563:
3547:
3532:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3429:
3418:
3407:
3386:
3376:
3344:
3334:
3298:
3288:
3243:
3230:
3220:
3211:
3201:
3174:
2840:
2825:
2800:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2761:
2739:
2729:
2714:
2704:
2685:
2646:
2631:
2615:
2599:
2565:
2531:
2506:
2465:
2456:
2335:
2325:
2301:
2276:
2267:
2256:
2239:
2215:
2169:
2159:
2150:
2119:
2110:
2095:
2085:
2000:
1968:
1189:
1168:
1145:
1136:
1132:
1116:
1078:
1070:
1055:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1007:
999:
984:
980:
976:
956:
938:
934:
901:
815:
South and South-Western Arawak = Southern Maipurean
642:
606:
549:
536:
524:
462:= Caribbean Arawak / Ta-Arawak = Caribbean Maipuran,
14699:. Vol. 3 (1 ed.). Curitiba: Editora CRV.
14653:. Vol. 2 (1 ed.). Curitiba: Editora CRV.
13309:Proto-Arawak reconstructions by Aikhenvald (2002):
6901:by Von den Steinen (1886) and Brinten (1891) after
6680:- once spoken in the same region as Panatahua near
5782:, department of Madre de Dios, now perhaps extinct.
5467:- extinct language once spoken at the mouth of the
4669:, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, now perhaps extinct.
15450:
14774:
14604:
14602:
7699:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7629:
7599:
7585:
7564:
7547:
7533:
6944:families. In North America, scholars use the name
6538:- spoken on the border of Brazil and Peru, on the
6462:, French Guiana, later on the upper course of the
4227:- extinct language of a little known tribe of the
4217:, department of Magdalena, Colombia. (Unattested.)
704:Moxos group (also known as Moho)& Trinitario)
557:Another language is also mentioned as "Arawakan":
15159:
14777:Classification of South American Indian languages
14423:Michael, Lev; Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia (2020).
13317:Proto-Arawak reconstructions by Aikhenvald (2002)
7005:Upper Paraguay has Arawakan-language tribes: the
6593:and at the old mission of Santiago. (Unattested.)
6302:- spoken in the same region, Mato Grosso, on the
4571:- extinct language once spoken in the village of
3849:(1968), including names of unattested varieties.
502:is the ancestral form for the entire family, and
474:= Pareci–Xingu = Paresí–Waurá = Central Maipuran,
19501:
14608:Nikulin, Andrey; Fernando O. de Carvalho. 2019.
13411:'road; limited space; hollow objects classifier'
8147:in South Carolina, were members of this family.
7710:Subject and object cross-referencing on the verb
5518:. The few descendants now speak only Portuguese.
2863:
498:, depending on the prefix for "I", is spurious;
14599:
14535:
14533:
14531:
14529:
5379:- spoken in the nineteenth century between the
15416:South American Phonological Inventory Database
14564:
14562:
7799:
7764:
7735:
7723:
7469:
7441:
6791:, state of Apure, Venezuela. (Hildebrandt ms.)
5387:, now in a single village at the mouth of the
3973:- spoken on the eastern part of the island of
3917:; now the last descendants speak only Spanish.
1216:, classify the Arawakan languages as follows.
1204:
506:is an innovation of one branch of the family.
18144:
16125:
16111:
15436:
15177:
15160:Migliazza, Ernest C.; Campbell, Lyle (1988).
15080:
14683:
14637:
7695:
7625:
7446:
4915:- spoken in the territory of Amazonas on the
486:= Pre-Andean Maipurean = Pre-Andine Maipuran.
18114:Families with more than 30 languages are in
14948:
14526:
7621:
7577:
7560:
7492:
6801:, Vichada territory, Colombia. (Unattested.)
6743:, Vichada territory, Colombia. (Unattested.)
6656:, department of Huánuco, Peru. (Unattested.)
5848:- spoken in the same territory on the Acre,
4895:- spoken in the same frontier region on the
3122:(Trinitário, Ignaciano, Loretano, Javeriano)
1964:Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):
15370:Comparative Studies in Amerindian Languages
14765:
14763:
14559:
7803:
7768:
7739:
7727:
7641:
6733:, Arauca territory, Colombia. (Unattested.)
6061:- extinct language from the sources of the
6037:- extinct language once spoken west of the
5816:- extinct language once spoken between the
5608:- spoken in the department of Cuzco on the
5506:- extinct language once spoken between the
5136:- extinct language once spoken between the
5118:- extinct language once spoken between the
5086:- extinct language once spoken between the
5033:- once spoken in Amazonas territory on the
4544:, Vaupés territory, Colombia. (Unattested.)
3165:The internal classification of Arawakan by
1093:Apurinã; Piro, Kuniba, Kanamari, Manxineri
468:= North Amazonian Arawak = Inland Maipuran,
261:
18151:
18137:
16118:
16104:
15443:
15429:
15150:
15077:conference, Tuscaloosa, AL, 16 April 2004.
15027:(18th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International.
14781:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
14539:Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery. 2016.
8061:
6959:Kaufman (1990: 40) relates the following:
6503:- originally spoken on the north coast of
6416:- once spoken on the middle course of the
5728:, Acre, now perhaps extinct. (Unattested.)
4334:, state of Apure, Venezuela. (Unattested.)
4320:, state of Apure, Venezuela. (Unattested.)
4193:, state of Zulia, Venezuela. (Unattested.)
3881:- once spoken in the Conquest days on the
163:Caribbean and Central America not included
18160:Indigenous language families and isolates
15153:International encyclopedia of linguistics
15106:
14987:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7633:
7581:
6876:
6775:, Arauca territory, Colombia, and on the
6359:- spoken by an unknown tribe between the
260:was resurrected for the core family. See
15367:
15131:
14769:
14760:
7795:
7529:
6444:- once spoken in Amapá territory on the
5259:- spoken by a little known tribe on the
4179:- spoken by a tribe of lake dwellers on
18225:
15393:
15186:
14689:
14643:
14571:Línguas arawak da Amazônia Setentrional
5742:, department of Cuzco (Oppenheim 1948).
5196:- once spoken on the right bank of the
4014:- spoken in the Guianas. Dialects are:
892:Internal classification of Arawakan by
14:
19502:
15081:Walker, R. S.; Ribeiro, L. A. (2011).
14884:
14621:Macabéa – Revista Eletrônica do Netlli
14519:. Talk given on April 29, 2015 at the
8177:. A few Taino words are still used by
6863:- spoken in the Meta territory on the
6827:- spoken in the Meta territory on the
6192:, territory of Rondônia. (Unattested.)
5788:- extinct language once spoken on the
5539:- now spoken by a few families on the
5488:- extinct language once spoken on the
5449:- extinct language once spoken on the
4550:- extinct language once spoken on the
4213:- extinct language once spoken on the
3891:- extinct language of the island were
3857:Arawakan language varieties listed by
3138:: loss of medial Proto-Arawakan *-n-.
791:Rio Branco = Kaufman's Wapishanan (2)
161:Maipurean languages in South America (
18498:
18132:
16099:
15424:
15376:
15168:
15136:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7772:
7731:
7525:
5890:- spoken by a few individuals on the
4370:- once spoken near San Camilo on the
564:(also known as Salumán, Enawené-Nawé)
301:language families in Southeast Asia.
278:Arawakan linguistic matrix hypothesis
14885:Lawler, Andrew (December 23, 2020).
14748:LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas
8127:. The languages used to be found in
7807:
7743:
7456:Alienable and inalienable possession
6674:, now perhaps extinct. (Unattested.)
5714:, department of Madre de Dios, Peru.
4780:- spoken on the lower course of the
4661:- once spoken at the sources of the
4466:- once spoken at the sources of the
4384:, Santander, Colombia. (Unattested.)
4374:, Santander, Colombia. (Unattested.)
4364:, Santander, Colombia. (Unattested.)
4354:, Santander, Colombia. (Unattested.)
4079:- once spoken at the sources of the
750:
743:Kaufman does not report the extinct
611:Wapixana (also known as Wapishana):
8234:, with about 300,000 speakers; and
6749:- spoken in the same region on the
6486:, territory of Amapá. (Unattested.)
6402:- spoken in Amapá territory on the
5263:, territory of Amazonas, Venezuela.
5144:. A few descendants now speak only
4909:, territory of Amazonas, Venezuela.
1209:Walker & Ribeiro (2011), using
304:
193:indigenous peoples in South America
24:
15398:(PhD thesis). New York University.
15379:Proto-Arawakan and its descendants
15124:
15025:Ethnologue: Languages of the world
14623:, v. 8, n. 2 (2019), p. 255-305. (
7637:
6972:
6893:of Bolivia; he named their family
6817:- spoken on the right bank of the
6811:, Vichada territory. (Unattested.)
6652:- once spoken at the mouth of the
5806:- spoken in Acre territory on the
5358:- spoken by a few families on the
5098:, territory of Rio Branco, Brazil.
4730:, frontier of Colombia and Brazil.
1959:
788:North Arawak = Northern Maipurean
25:
19531:
15404:
15075:Language Variety in the South III
13287:
5337:, territory of Caquetá, Colombia.
4766:in the village of Tunuhy, Brazil.
4300:, state of Táchira. (Unattested.)
4260:, Venezuela. (only several words)
4026:- spoken in French Guiana on the
3160:
887:
664:(also known as Amoesha, Yanesha')
509:
256:proposal. At that time, the name
15087:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
14583:Universidade Federal do Amazonas
14429:Language and Linguistics Compass
14396:English words of Arawakan origin
7976:
6934:the family demonstrated by Gilij
5027:, Amazonas territory, Venezuela.
4994:and on the middle course of the
4788:and on the middle course of the
4614:, Amazonas territory, Venezuela.
4512:, territory of Vaupés, Colombia.
4344:, state of Mérida. (Unattested.)
876:Aikhenvald (1999:69) classifies
515:1994: 58), which include these:
155:
15178:Solís Fonseca, Gustavo (2003).
15171:Handbook of Amazonian languages
14928:
14919:
14910:
14901:
14878:
14869:
14860:
14851:
14842:
14812:
14803:
14794:
14785:
14729:
14463:from the original on 2021-06-24
13395:'long thing objects classifier'
6821:, Meta territory. (Unattested.)
6767:, department of Arauca, on the
6420:and on the upper course of the
6243:- spoken in Mato Grosso on the
6150:- spoken in Mato Grosso on the
6132:- spoken in Mato Grosso on the
6065:, Santa Cruz province, Bolivia.
6055:, Santa Cruz province, Bolivia.
5305:, Amazonas territory, Colombia.
5076:, Amazonas state. (Unattested.)
4929:- spoken at the sources of the
4722:- spoken at the sources of the
4610:, especially in the village of
4474:, Meta territory. (Unattested.)
4460:, Meta territory. (Unattested.)
4442:, Meta territory. (Unattested.)
4360:- once spoken northeast of the
4126:- spoken at the sources of the
3933:- once spoken on the island of
3923:- once spoken on the island of
15180:Lenguas en la amazonía peruana
15053:Atlas of the world's languages
14500:
14487:
14474:
14347:'1st person; someone, another'
13443:'thin, powder-like classifier'
7508:
5978:, province of La Paz, Bolivia.
5796:, department of Madre de Dios.
4130:, Guyana, now perhaps extinct.
794:Palikur = Kaufman's Palikur +
775:branch of Northern Maipurean.
692:(dialects: Kinikinao, Terena,
13:
1:
15394:Valenti, Donna Marie (1986).
15008:The Arawak language of Guiana
14974:
14756:10.20396/liames.v19i0.8655045
13427:'leaflike objects classifier'
8253:
7981:The Arawak word for maize is
5412:and on the right bank of the
4962:, Vaupés Territory, Colombia.
4933:, Vaupés territory, Colombia.
4708:, Vaupés territory, Colombia.
3692:Bolivia-Purus-Kampa-(Amuesha)
2864:Nikulin & Carvalho (2019)
715:(also known as Pauna–Paikone)
191:that developed among ancient
185:Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre
15182:. Lima: edición por demanda.
14809:Deniker (1900), pp. 556–557.
14791:Walker & Ribeiro (2011).
14521:Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi
8246:, with 10,000 speakers; and
7752:3SG.NFEM.AG-see-3SG.NFEM.PAT
7043:
6885:recognized the unity of the
6881:In 1783, the Italian priest
6438:, now extinct. (Unattested.)
5748:- extinct language from the
5696:, territory of Acre, Brazil.
5594:, department of Cuzco, Peru.
5148:or Portuguese. (Unattested.)
5066:, state of Amazonas, Brazil.
4950:- spoken in the villages of
4810:, state of Amazonas, Brazil.
4792:, state of Amazonas, Brazil.
4698:, state of Amazonas, Brazil.
3889:Taino of Haiti and Quisqueya
3840:
1460:computational methods used.
1105:Bolivia-Mato Grosso division
810:= Upper Amazon (17 attested)
445:
271:
7:
15377:Noble, G. Kingsley (1965).
15372:. Mouton. pp. 160–242.
14384:
13979:'medicine, medicinal grass'
7442:Shared morphological traits
6273:Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul
1214:computational phylogenetics
1205:Walker & Ribeiro (2011)
1183:Waurá, Mehinaku; Yawalapiti
900:2 subgroups, 10 divisions (
619:(also known as Maopidyán),
232:was given to the family by
55:Extant in every country in
10:
19536:
18878:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
15055:(pp. 46–76). London:
7447:General morphological type
6831:and in the old mission of
6108:- language with dialects:
5288:, territory of Rio Branco.
5231:, territory of Rio Branco.
5206:- once spoken between the
5154:- once spoken between the
4400:- once spoken between the
4326:- once spoken between the
3694: ? (probable branch)
3605: ? (probable branch)
3359: ? (probable branch)
822:+ Kaufman's Moxos group +
734:(also known as Pre-Andean)
490:An early contrast between
248:a century later. The term
29:
19454:
19383:
19355:
19224:
19186:
19110:
19044:
18927:
18866:
18759:
18719:
18673:
18600:
18540:
18420:
18308:
18198:
18178:
18099:
18058:
18035:
17974:
17963:
17807:
17540:
17529:
17497:
17424:
17415:
17304:
17121:
17110:
17077:
16939:
16930:
16838:
16596:
16582:
16496:
16291:
16273:
16224:
16142:
16133:
16127:Primary language families
16043:
15991:
15951:
15908:
15855:
15829:
15822:
15787:
15741:
15715:
15593:
15584:
15540:
15519:
15466:
15459:
15006:de Goeje, C. H., (1928).
14875:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 65.
14866:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 88.
14857:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 89.
14848:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 87.
14839:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 83.
14830:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 82.
14818:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 80.
14800:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 73.
14737:Línguas Arawak da Bolívia
13299:
13294:
7816:be.cold-DECL-3SG.NFEM.PAT
7319:
7291:
7269:
7247:
7216:
7191:
7092:
7054:
6211:- formerly spoken on the
6007:, Beni province, Bolivia.
5190:, Amazonas. (Unattested.)
5166:, Amazonas. (Unattested.)
5130:, Amazonas. (Unattested.)
4632:in the village of Yavita.
4606:- language spoken on the
4235:, Colombia. (Unattested.)
4183:, Zulia state, Venezuela.
4157:- language spoken on the
1377:
1364:
1357:
1342:
1335:
1320:
1313:
1294:
1287:
1274:
1267:
1254:
1247:
1234:
1227:
1131:Lokono; Iñeri, Garífuna;
1126:Caribe-Venezuela division
670:(also known as Chamikuro)
154:
140:
126:
111:
103:
85:Linguistic classification
83:
75:. Formerly spoken in the
49:
44:
39:
19520:Macro-Arawakan languages
16944:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
14981:Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
14916:Aikhenvald (1999), p. 72
14406:
6982:, but Arawak proper has
6045:, Bolivia. (Unattested.)
5953:, in Acre. (Unattested.)
5945:and on the tributaries,
3254:Warekena (do San Miguel)
971:Upper Rio Negro division
946:Japurá-Colombia division
615:(also known as Atoraí),
372:Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru
195:. Branches migrated to
18111:have no living members.
15187:Zamponi, Raoul (2003).
15132:Campbell, Lyle (1997).
14985:The Amazonian languages
14954:Ramirez, Henri (2019).
14705:10.24824/978652510234.4
14659:10.24824/978655578892.1
14568:Ramirez, Henri (2001).
14107:'wife, female relative'
8062:Geographic distribution
6968:of comparative studies.
6883:Filippo Salvatore Gilii
6603:, Loreto. (Unattested.)
6233:, Paraguay, now on the
6021:and around the city of
5856:, now probably extinct.
4612:San Fernando de Atabapo
4087:, Guyana. (Unattested.)
3357:Central-Amazon-Antilles
2347:Ashaninka-Nomatsigenga
836:= Central Maipurean (6)
684:Southern Outlier branch
636:(also known as Palikúr)
546:(also known as Morike)
223:
19479:Unclassified languages
18091:Unclassified languages
18045:list of sign languages
17013:Northeastern Tasmanian
15356:10.5281/zenodo.1318200
15346:10.5281/zenodo.1322713
15336:10.5281/zenodo.1564336
15099:10.1098/rspb.2010.2579
14554:University of Brasília
14552:. Ph.D. dissertation,
14123:'uncle, father-in-law'
13300:Reconstruction of
6970:
6877:Arawakan vs. Maipurean
6237:, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
6126:, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
5923:from the mouth of the
5892:Igarapé Cuchicha River
4472:San Juan de los Llanos
4199:- once spoken between
1178:Xingu-Tapajós division
1088:Purus-Ucayali division
1017:Negro-Roraima division
994:Upper Orinoco division
466:Upper Amazon Maipurean
19049:, Bolivia, and Chile)
18870:(west-central Brazil)
18066:Constructed languages
15454:(Maipurean) languages
15073:, paper presented at
14897:on December 23, 2020.
14506:Blench, Roger. 2015.
14307:'to hear, understand'
14203:'green, blue, unripe'
13467:'hand, shoulder, arm'
7025:) is occupied by the
6961:
6833:San Miguel de Salivas
6638:- once spoken on the
6599:- once spoken on the
6507:, Pará, later on the
6482:- once spoken on the
6472:- once spoken on the
6454:- once spoken on the
6434:- once spoken on the
6345:- spoken between the
6323:- spoken between the
6225:- once spoken on the
6003:and on the plains of
5898:, Acre. (Unattested.)
5894:, a tributary of the
5884:, Peru. (Unattested.)
5876:- once spoken on the
5870:, Peru. (Unattested.)
5862:- once spoken on the
5838:, Acre. (Unattested.)
5774:- spoken between the
5453:, a tributary of the
5280:- spoken between the
5186:- once spoken on the
5180:lagoon. (Unattested.)
5172:- once spoken on the
5162:and on the island of
5104:- spoken between the
4990:- once spoken on the
4585:- once spoken on the
4522:- once spoken on the
4452:- once spoken on the
4434:- spoken once on the
4380:- once spoken on the
4350:- once spoken on the
4340:- once spoken on the
4316:- once spoken on the
4306:- once spoken on the
4296:- once spoken on the
4266:- once spoken on the
4189:- once spoken on the
4136:- once spoken on the
4101:- spoken between the
3959:- once spoken in the
3943:- once spoken on the
3897:The Republic of Haiti
2766:Bawana-Kariai-Manao:
16613:Binanderean–Goilalan
15742:Central Upper Amazon
8057:, Upper Xingu River.
8030:, Goajira Peninsula.
7013:, etc. (This is the
6561:department of Loreto
6292:(a tributary of the
5927:to the mouth of the
5828:, state of Amazonas.
5672:department of Loreto
4856:, state of Amazonas.
4842:, state of Amazonas.
4828:, state of Amazonas.
4558:, territory of Meta.
4530:, Vichada territory.
2819:Wapishana-Parawana:
2380:Ashaninka-Asheninka
2244:Warekena-Mandawaka:
1065:Juruá-Jutaí division
840:South-Western Arawak
747:of the Moxos group.
32:Araucanian languages
19472:Marañón River basin
19337:Tequiraca–Canichana
19317:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
17895:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
17798:Tequiraca–Canichana
17641:Harákmbut–Katukinan
16404:Northwest Caucasian
16398:Northeast Caucasian
16322:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
15093:(1718): 2562–2567.
14891:National Geographic
8230:Maipurean) groups:
8105:Trinidad and Tobago
8010:, Greater Antilles.
6889:of the Orinoco and
6428:in Amapá territory.
6190:Pimenta Bueno River
6025:in the same region.
5919:- spoken along the
5866:, tributary of the
4875:Baniva de rio Içana
4556:Aguas Blancas River
4020:- spoken in Guyana.
3154:lexical innovations
804:= Ta-Maipurean (8)
653:Southern Maipurean
586:Northern Maipurean
236:in 1782, after the
19510:Arawakan languages
19292:Esmeralda–Yaruroan
19225:Proposed groupings
18179:Language families
17517:Tarascan/Purépecha
17006:Northern Tasmanian
16764:South Bougainville
16725:North Bougainville
14962:2022-03-31 at the
14945:, 9 February 2020.
14941:2023-03-07 at the
14925:"Garifuna" (2015).
14742:2022-03-31 at the
14630:2020-06-16 at the
14615:2020-06-16 at the
14592:2024-05-26 at the
14576:2020-07-18 at the
14547:2021-04-18 at the
14514:2021-06-24 at the
14441:10.1111/lnc3.12358
14379:Portuguese article
13515:'fingernail, claw'
13303:Arawakan languages
8159:Dominican Republic
7947:non-focused agent
6392:, Amapá territory.
5303:Miritíparaná River
4897:Arara-paraná River
4806:in the village of
3893:Dominican Republic
3196:Portuguese article
2370:Ashaninka-Kakinte
2030:Portuguese article
1795:Northwest Amazonia
1380:Northwest Amazonia
920:Yanesha, Chamicuro
324:Harakmbet-Katukina
19515:Language families
19497:
19496:
19467:Extinct languages
19220:
19219:
18536:
18535:
18304:
18303:
18173:
18126:
18125:
18076:Language isolates
18054:
18053:
17959:
17958:
17525:
17524:
17411:
17410:
17106:
17105:
17053:Western Tasmanian
16971:Eastern Tasmanian
16926:
16925:
16648:East Geelvink Bay
16578:
16577:
16269:
16268:
16093:
16092:
16039:
16038:
15857:Central Maipurean
15818:
15817:
15814:
15813:
15759:Baniwa of Guainia
15191:. Lincom Europa.
15049:Kaufman, Terrence
15031:Kaufman, Terrence
14771:Loukotka, Čestmír
14714:978-65-251-0234-4
14668:978-65-5578-892-1
14374:
14373:
14370:
14369:
14283:'to be sick, die'
13815:'flea, cockroach'
13307:
13306:
13285:
13284:
10767:
10766:
8087:, northward into
7974:
7973:
7755:'He sees him/it.'
7436:
7435:
7344:
7343:
6954:Arawak(an) proper
6897:. It was renamed
6873:
6872:
6777:Cinaruquito River
6769:Cravo Norte River
6731:Cravo Norte River
6640:Paucartambo River
5810:by a small tribe.
5764:, Acre territory.
5736:Paucartambo River
5622:Paucartambo River
5496:, Amazonas state.
5360:Igaraparaná River
4422:, Meta territory.
4233:Goajira Peninsula
4159:Goajira Peninsula
2991:Baniva of Guainia
2450:Piro-Manchineri:
2412:Asheninka Ucayali
2394:Asheninka Pajonal
2313:Yavitero-Baniva:
2220:Piapoko-Achagua:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1366:Central Amazonia
1276:Western Amazonia
751:Aikhenvald (1999)
701:
472:Central Maipurean
332:Katukina-Katawixi
179:), also known as
170:
169:
16:(Redirected from
19527:
19489:Linguistic areas
19357:Linguistic areas
18899:? Mura–Matanawí
18646:Andoque–Urequena
18496:
18495:
18223:
18222:
18196:
18195:
18167:
18153:
18146:
18139:
18130:
18129:
17972:
17971:
17926:Huaorani/Waorani
17810:(extant in 2000)
17774:Esmeralda–Yaruro
17545:Andoque–Urequena
17538:
17537:
17422:
17421:
17228:Plateau Penutian
17119:
17118:
17094:(Northern Daly?)
16937:
16936:
16823:Northwest Papuan
16787:Trans–New Guinea
16653:East New Britain
16628:Central Solomons
16594:
16593:
16339:Great Andamanese
16289:
16288:
16140:
16139:
16120:
16113:
16106:
16097:
16096:
15827:
15826:
15591:
15590:
15464:
15463:
15445:
15438:
15431:
15422:
15421:
15399:
15390:
15373:
15202:
15183:
15174:
15165:
15156:
15147:
15120:
15110:
15069:Rudes, Blair A.
14968:
14952:
14946:
14932:
14926:
14923:
14917:
14914:
14908:
14905:
14899:
14898:
14893:. Archived from
14882:
14876:
14873:
14867:
14864:
14858:
14855:
14849:
14846:
14840:
14837:
14831:
14828:
14819:
14816:
14810:
14807:
14801:
14798:
14792:
14789:
14783:
14782:
14780:
14767:
14758:
14733:
14727:
14726:
14687:
14681:
14680:
14641:
14635:
14606:
14597:
14566:
14557:
14537:
14524:
14504:
14498:
14491:
14485:
14478:
14472:
14471:
14469:
14468:
14420:
13324:
13323:
13313:
13312:
13292:
13291:
10769:
10768:
8264:
8263:
7827:
7826:
7819:'He/it is cold.'
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7782:3SG.NFEM.AG-walk
7774:
7770:
7766:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7601:
7587:
7583:
7579:
7566:
7562:
7549:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7504:(someone's) face
7494:
7471:
7430:
7427:
7411:
7408:
7394:
7391:
7386:
7383:
7378:
7375:
7346:
7345:
7336:
7327:
7311:
7306:
7299:
7283:
7261:
7243:
7236:
7231:
7224:
7208:
7203:
7185:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7156:
7151:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7121:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7052:
7051:
6887:Maipure language
6807:- spoken on the
6797:- spoken on the
6785:Capanaparo River
6759:- spoken on the
6739:- spoken on the
6725:- spoken on the
6555:- spoken on the
6384:- spoken on the
6288:- spoken on the
6188:- spoken on the
6114:- spoken on the
6082:- spoken on the
6017:- spoken on the
5999:- spoken on the
5834:- spoken on the
5818:Juruazinho River
5776:Tacutimani River
5734:- spoken on the
5720:- spoken on the
5710:- spoken on the
5684:- spoken on the
5670:- spoken in the
5650:- spoken on the
5640:- spoken on the
5630:- spoken on the
5624:. Dialects are:
5586:- spoken on the
5562:Pre-Andine group
5410:Jandiatuba River
5362:near Casa Arana.
5325:- spoken on the
5301:- spoken on the
5015:- spoken on the
4905:- spoken on the
4877:- spoken on the
4852:- spoken on the
4838:- spoken on the
4820:- spoken on the
4802:- spoken on the
4762:- spoken on the
4704:- spoken on the
4692:Casiquiare River
4690:- spoken on the
4628:- spoken on the
4508:- spoken on the
4486:- spoken on the
4414:- spoken on the
4402:Manacacías River
4342:Mucuchachi River
4254:Portuguesa River
4061:- spoken on the
3971:
3970:
3883:Greater Antilles
3869:Island languages
3853:
3852:
3826:
3815:
3763:
3739:
3677:
3587:
3574:
3565:
3549:
3534:
3524:
3515:
3506:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3461:
3451:
3431:
3420:
3409:
3388:
3378:
3346:
3336:
3300:
3290:
3245:
3232:
3222:
3213:
3203:
3176:
2937:Japurá-Colômbia
2842:
2827:
2802:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2763:
2741:
2731:
2716:
2706:
2687:
2648:
2633:
2617:
2601:
2570:Waura-Mehinako:
2567:
2533:
2508:
2467:
2458:
2406:Asheninka Pichis
2400:Asheninka Perene
2337:
2327:
2303:
2278:
2269:
2261:Yukuna-Wainuma:
2258:
2241:
2217:
2171:
2161:
2152:
2121:
2112:
2097:
2087:
2064:Baure-Paikoneka
2002:
1970:
1818:Baniva, Warekena
1722:Central Amazonia
1613:Circum-Caribbean
1527:Western Amazonia
1360:
1359:
1338:
1337:
1323:Circum-Caribbean
1316:
1315:
1290:
1289:
1270:
1269:
1250:
1249:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1191:
1170:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1118:
1080:
1072:
1057:
1050:Wapixana, Atorai
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1009:
1002:Pareni, Yavitero
1001:
986:
982:
978:
958:
940:
936:
903:
757:Southern Outlier
691:
644:
608:
551:
538:
526:
305:Language contact
238:Maipure language
234:Filippo S. Gilii
201:Greater Antilles
159:
150:
136:
71:, as well as in
37:
36:
21:
19535:
19534:
19530:
19529:
19528:
19526:
19525:
19524:
19500:
19499:
19498:
19493:
19450:
19379:
19351:
19312:Mataco–Guaicuru
19307:Katembri–Taruma
19272:Macro-Puinavean
19257:Macro-Otomákoan
19216:
19182:
19122:Mataco–Guaicuru
19106:
19040:
18923:
18862:
18755:
18731:Sechura–Catacao
18720:Pacific coast (
18715:
18674:Pacific coast (
18669:
18596:
18532:
18494:
18416:
18300:
18221:
18194:
18180:
18174:
18172:classification)
18166:
18157:
18127:
18122:
18121:
18095:
18081:Mixed languages
18050:
18031:
17966:
17955:
17809:
17803:
17658:Katembri–Taruma
17532:
17521:
17493:
17407:
17300:
17113:
17102:
17073:
16922:
16834:
16793:Turama–Kikorian
16703:Lower Mamberamo
16658:East Strickland
16586:
16574:
16492:
16280:
16275:
16265:
16220:
16129:
16124:
16094:
16089:
16063:Candoshi-Shapra
16035:
15987:
15947:
15904:
15851:
15810:
15783:
15737:
15711:
15580:
15536:
15515:
15455:
15449:
15407:
15402:
15362:Reconstructions
15199:
15144:
15127:
15125:Further reading
15014:Deniker, Joseph
14977:
14972:
14971:
14964:Wayback Machine
14953:
14949:
14943:Wayback Machine
14933:
14929:
14924:
14920:
14915:
14911:
14906:
14902:
14883:
14879:
14874:
14870:
14865:
14861:
14856:
14852:
14847:
14843:
14838:
14834:
14829:
14822:
14817:
14813:
14808:
14804:
14799:
14795:
14790:
14786:
14768:
14761:
14750:, 19, e019012.
14744:Wayback Machine
14734:
14730:
14715:
14688:
14684:
14669:
14642:
14638:
14632:Wayback Machine
14617:Wayback Machine
14607:
14600:
14594:Wayback Machine
14578:Wayback Machine
14567:
14560:
14549:Wayback Machine
14538:
14527:
14516:Wayback Machine
14505:
14501:
14492:
14488:
14479:
14475:
14466:
14464:
14421:
14414:
14409:
14387:
14375:
13318:
13290:
13205:Caliponam-Eyeri
10686:Caliponam-Eyeri
8256:
8069:Andes Mountains
8064:
8037:, Lower Jupura.
7979:
7840:
7833:
7821:
7811:
7787:
7777:
7757:
7747:
7712:
7707:
7645:
7611:
7603:
7589:
7568:
7551:
7537:
7511:
7506:
7496:
7484:
7474:
7458:
7449:
7444:
7161:
7128:
7098:
7075:
7073:Lamino-(alveo)-
7046:
6994:, and negative
6975:
6973:Characteristics
6950:core Arawak(an)
6879:
6874:
6865:Guayabero River
6835:. (Unattested.)
6753:. (Unattested.)
6684:. (Unattested.)
6557:Chamicuro River
6547:Chamicuro group
6448:. (Unattested.)
6367:. (Unattested.)
6138:Timalatía River
6116:Sumidouro River
5947:Curequeta River
5896:Chandless River
5794:Pilcopata River
5790:Cosñipata River
5712:Pilcopata River
5694:Chandless River
5658:. (Unattested.)
5557:. (Unattested.)
5541:Tocantins River
5523:Cauishana group
5443:Uainamby-tapuya
5315:. (Unattested.)
5214:. (Unattested.)
5200:. (Unattested.)
5112:. (Unattested.)
5037:. (Unattested.)
5003:Mandauáca group
4974:Yurupary-tapuya
4826:Cachoeira Yandú
4800:Sucuriyú-tapuya
4774:Ualíperi-dákeni
4742:Yauareté-tapuya
4458:Guayabero River
4394:. (Unattested.)
4229:Serranía Cosina
3994:Guiana language
3968:
3967:
3961:Lesser Antilles
3862:
3843:
3838:
3339:Pareni-Yavitero
3329:Baniva de Maroa
3303:Wainumá-Mariaté
3163:
3129:
3095:Bolívia-Paraná
3001:Warekena of Xié
2971:Warekena Antigo
2966:Baniwa-Koripako
2866:
2861:
1962:
1960:Jolkesky (2016)
1957:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1207:
1202:
987:Anauyá-Yabahana
890:
867:
818:South Arawak =
808:North Amazonian
773:North Amazonian
753:
741:
598:Maritime branch
512:
448:
408:Puinave-Nadahup
307:
274:
246:Arawak language
226:
197:Central America
189:language family
166:
146:
132:
73:Central America
51:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
19533:
19523:
19522:
19517:
19512:
19495:
19494:
19492:
19491:
19486:
19484:Classification
19481:
19476:
19475:
19474:
19464:
19458:
19456:
19452:
19451:
19449:
19448:
19443:
19438:
19433:
19428:
19423:
19418:
19413:
19408:
19403:
19398:
19393:
19387:
19385:
19381:
19380:
19378:
19377:
19372:
19370:Mamoré–Guaporé
19367:
19361:
19359:
19353:
19352:
19350:
19349:
19344:
19342:Wamo–Chapakura
19339:
19334:
19329:
19324:
19322:Moseten–Chonan
19319:
19314:
19309:
19304:
19299:
19294:
19289:
19284:
19279:
19274:
19269:
19264:
19259:
19254:
19249:
19247:Macro-Chibchan
19244:
19242:Macro-Arawakan
19239:
19234:
19228:
19226:
19222:
19221:
19218:
19217:
19215:
19214:
19207:
19200:
19194:
19192:
19184:
19183:
19181:
19180:
19175:
19170:
19165:
19160:
19155:
19150:
19149:
19148:
19141:
19134:
19129:
19117:
19115:
19108:
19107:
19105:
19104:
19097:
19090:
19085:
19078:
19077:
19076:
19071:
19060:
19052:
19050:
19042:
19041:
19039:
19038:
19031:
19024:
19017:
19010:
19003:
18996:
18989:
18984:
18977:
18970:
18963:
18956:
18951:
18946:
18939:
18933:
18931:
18929:Mamoré–Guaporé
18925:
18924:
18922:
18921:
18914:
18913:
18912:
18905:
18897:
18896:
18895:
18890:
18885:
18873:
18871:
18864:
18863:
18861:
18860:
18859:
18858:
18853:
18842:
18835:
18828:
18821:
18814:
18807:
18800:
18793:
18788:
18783:
18778:
18770:
18768:
18757:
18756:
18754:
18753:
18752:
18751:
18744:
18733:
18727:
18725:
18717:
18716:
18714:
18713:
18706:
18699:
18694:
18689:
18681:
18679:
18671:
18670:
18668:
18667:
18660:
18655:
18650:
18649:
18648:
18643:
18638:
18627:
18619:
18617:
18598:
18597:
18595:
18594:
18589:
18584:
18579:
18574:
18567:
18560:
18552:
18550:
18538:
18537:
18534:
18533:
18531:
18530:
18525:
18518:
18511:
18505:
18503:
18493:
18492:
18485:
18480:
18473:
18466:
18465:
18464:
18457:
18450:
18437:
18431:
18429:
18418:
18417:
18415:
18414:
18407:
18400:
18393:
18386:
18379:
18372:
18365:
18358:
18351:
18344:
18337:
18330:
18323:
18318:
18312:
18310:
18309:Eastern Brazil
18306:
18305:
18302:
18301:
18299:
18298:
18290:
18283:
18276:
18269:
18262:
18257:
18252:
18247:
18242:
18237:
18231:
18229:
18220:
18219:
18212:
18204:
18202:
18193:
18192:
18184:
18182:
18176:
18175:
18156:
18155:
18148:
18141:
18133:
18124:
18123:
18120:
18119:
18112:
18105:
18101:
18100:
18097:
18096:
18094:
18093:
18088:
18083:
18078:
18073:
18068:
18062:
18060:
18056:
18055:
18052:
18051:
18049:
18048:
18039:
18037:
18033:
18032:
18030:
18029:
18023:
18018:
18013:
18008:
18006:Indo-Pakistani
18003:
17998:
17991:
17986:
17981:
17975:
17969:
17961:
17960:
17957:
17956:
17954:
17953:
17948:
17943:
17938:
17933:
17928:
17923:
17918:
17913:
17907:
17902:
17897:
17889:
17884:
17877:
17872:
17866:
17861:
17856:
17851:
17845:
17840:
17835:
17830:
17825:
17820:
17813:
17811:
17805:
17804:
17802:
17801:
17795:
17789:
17783:
17777:
17771:
17765:
17759:
17754:
17749:
17744:
17739:
17734:
17727:
17722:
17717:
17712:
17707:
17705:Piaroa–Saliban
17702:
17695:
17690:
17685:
17680:
17675:
17670:
17665:
17660:
17655:
17650:
17643:
17638:
17633:
17628:
17623:
17618:
17613:
17606:
17601:
17594:
17589:
17584:
17579:
17574:
17569:
17564:
17557:
17552:
17547:
17541:
17535:
17527:
17526:
17523:
17522:
17520:
17519:
17514:
17509:
17501:
17499:
17495:
17494:
17492:
17491:
17484:
17477:
17472:
17470:Tequistlatecan
17467:
17460:
17455:
17450:
17443:
17436:
17431:
17425:
17419:
17413:
17412:
17409:
17408:
17406:
17405:
17400:
17395:
17390:
17383:
17378:
17371:
17364:
17357:
17350:
17343:
17338:
17333:
17328:
17323:
17316:
17308:
17306:
17302:
17301:
17299:
17298:
17293:
17286:
17279:
17274:
17267:
17262:
17257:
17252:
17247:
17240:
17235:
17230:
17225:
17218:
17211:
17206:
17199:
17194:
17187:
17182:
17177:
17170:
17163:
17156:
17149:
17142:
17137:
17130:
17122:
17116:
17108:
17107:
17104:
17103:
17101:
17100:
17095:
17089:
17081:
17079:
17075:
17074:
17072:
17071:
17061:
17056:
17049:
17044:
17039:
17034:
17028:
17021:
17016:
17009:
17002:
16997:
16993:Marrku–Wurrugu
16989:
16984:
16979:
16974:
16967:
16960:
16952:
16947:
16940:
16934:
16928:
16927:
16924:
16923:
16921:
16920:
16915:
16907:
16901:
16895:
16890:
16885:
16880:
16875:
16870:
16865:
16859:
16853:
16848:
16842:
16840:
16836:
16835:
16833:
16832:
16826:
16820:
16815:
16810:
16805:
16800:
16795:
16790:
16783:
16778:
16771:
16766:
16761:
16756:
16749:
16744:
16739:
16732:
16727:
16722:
16717:
16710:
16705:
16700:
16695:
16690:
16685:
16680:
16675:
16670:
16665:
16660:
16655:
16650:
16645:
16640:
16635:
16630:
16625:
16620:
16615:
16610:
16603:
16597:
16591:
16580:
16579:
16576:
16575:
16573:
16572:
16564:
16557:
16551:
16546:
16538:
16533:
16525:
16518:
16511:
16506:
16500:
16498:
16494:
16493:
16491:
16490:
16484:
16478:
16472:
16466:
16460:
16454:
16449:
16444:
16437:
16430:
16423:
16418:
16411:
16406:
16401:
16394:
16389:
16384:
16377:
16372:
16367:
16362:
16355:
16352:Hurro-Urartian
16348:
16341:
16336:
16331:
16324:
16319:
16312:
16305:
16300:
16292:
16286:
16271:
16270:
16267:
16266:
16264:
16263:
16257:
16251:
16246:
16239:
16234:
16228:
16226:
16222:
16221:
16219:
16218:
16212:
16206:
16200:
16194:
16188:
16183:
16175:
16168:
16163:
16158:
16151:
16143:
16137:
16131:
16130:
16123:
16122:
16115:
16108:
16100:
16091:
16090:
16088:
16087:
16080:
16073:
16066:
16059:
16051:
16049:
16046:Macro-Arawakan
16041:
16040:
16037:
16036:
16034:
16033:
16028:
16023:
16018:
16013:
16008:
16003:
15997:
15995:
15989:
15988:
15986:
15985:
15976:
15971:
15966:
15961:
15955:
15953:
15952:Bolivia–Parana
15949:
15948:
15946:
15945:
15940:
15935:
15930:
15925:
15920:
15914:
15912:
15906:
15905:
15903:
15902:
15897:
15888:
15883:
15878:
15873:
15868:
15861:
15859:
15853:
15852:
15850:
15849:
15844:
15839:
15833:
15831:
15824:
15820:
15819:
15816:
15815:
15812:
15811:
15809:
15808:
15802:
15797:
15791:
15789:
15785:
15784:
15782:
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15716:Eastern Nawiki
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15594:Western Nawiki
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15406:
15405:External links
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14793:
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14759:
14728:
14713:
14691:Ramirez, Henri
14682:
14667:
14645:Ramirez, Henri
14636:
14598:
14558:
14525:
14499:
14486:
14473:
14411:
14410:
14408:
14405:
14404:
14403:
14398:
14393:
14391:Arawak peoples
14386:
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14215:
14212:
14208:
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14204:
14200:
14199:
14196:
14192:
14191:
14188:
14187:'black, dirty'
14184:
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14096:
14095:
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14076:
14072:
14071:
14068:
14067:'people, body'
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13962:*(a)binki-thi
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13859:
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13844:
13843:
13840:
13836:
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13832:
13828:
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13824:
13820:
13819:
13818:*k(h)aya(pa?)
13816:
13812:
13811:
13808:
13804:
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13800:
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13519:
13516:
13512:
13511:
13508:
13504:
13503:
13500:
13496:
13495:
13492:
13491:'breast, milk'
13488:
13487:
13484:
13480:
13479:
13476:
13472:
13471:
13468:
13464:
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13460:
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13311:
13305:
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13301:
13297:
13296:
13295:Proto-Arawakan
13289:
13288:Proto-language
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13275:
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12047:
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12025:
12022:
12019:
12016:
12013:
12010:
12007:
12003:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11994:
11991:
11988:
11985:
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11910:
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11898:
11895:
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11879:
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11869:
11865:
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11862:
11860:
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11841:
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11808:
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11796:
11793:
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11777:
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11762:
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11752:
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11726:
11723:
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11714:
11711:
11708:
11704:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11695:
11692:
11689:
11686:
11683:
11680:
11676:
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11673:
11670:
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11656:
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11644:
11641:
11638:
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11608:
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11599:
11595:
11594:
11592:
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11577:
11574:
11571:
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11442:
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11309:
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11157:
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11151:
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11145:
11142:
11139:
11136:
11133:
11129:
11128:
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11123:
11120:
11117:
11114:
11111:
11108:
11105:
11101:
11100:
11098:
11095:
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11077:
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11027:
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11021:
11017:
11016:
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11011:
11008:
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11003:
11000:
10997:
10994:
10990:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10981:
10978:
10975:
10972:
10969:
10966:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10953:
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10898:
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10893:
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10884:
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10879:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10870:
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10861:
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10842:
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10678:
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10511:
10508:
10505:
10502:
10499:
10495:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10486:
10483:
10480:
10477:
10474:
10471:
10467:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10447:
10444:
10440:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10420:
10417:
10413:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10404:
10401:
10398:
10395:
10392:
10389:
10385:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10376:
10373:
10370:
10367:
10364:
10361:
10357:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10332:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10323:
10320:
10317:
10314:
10311:
10308:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10295:
10292:
10289:
10286:
10283:
10280:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10267:
10264:
10261:
10258:
10255:
10252:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10239:
10236:
10233:
10230:
10227:
10224:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10211:
10208:
10205:
10202:
10199:
10196:
10192:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10183:
10180:
10177:
10174:
10171:
10168:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10155:
10152:
10149:
10146:
10143:
10140:
10136:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10127:
10124:
10121:
10118:
10115:
10112:
10108:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10099:
10096:
10093:
10090:
10087:
10084:
10080:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10071:
10068:
10065:
10062:
10059:
10056:
10052:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10034:
10031:
10028:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10015:
10012:
10009:
10006:
10003:
10000:
9996:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9971:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9962:
9959:
9956:
9953:
9950:
9947:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9934:
9931:
9928:
9925:
9922:
9919:
9915:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9906:
9903:
9900:
9897:
9894:
9891:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9878:
9875:
9872:
9869:
9866:
9863:
9859:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9850:
9847:
9844:
9841:
9838:
9835:
9831:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9822:
9819:
9816:
9813:
9810:
9807:
9803:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9769:
9766:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9685:
9682:
9679:
9676:
9672:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9651:
9648:
9644:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9635:
9632:
9629:
9626:
9623:
9620:
9616:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9607:
9604:
9601:
9598:
9595:
9592:
9588:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9579:
9576:
9573:
9570:
9567:
9564:
9560:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9544:
9541:
9538:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9525:
9522:
9519:
9516:
9513:
9510:
9506:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9497:
9494:
9491:
9488:
9485:
9482:
9478:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9469:
9466:
9463:
9460:
9457:
9454:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9441:
9438:
9435:
9432:
9429:
9426:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9413:
9410:
9407:
9404:
9401:
9398:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9385:
9382:
9379:
9376:
9373:
9370:
9366:
9365:
9363:
9361:
9359:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9349:
9346:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9308:
9305:
9302:
9299:
9296:
9293:
9289:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9264:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9244:
9241:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9232:
9230:
9228:
9226:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9206:
9203:
9200:
9197:
9194:
9191:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9178:
9175:
9172:
9169:
9166:
9163:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9154:
9152:
9150:
9148:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9137:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9126:
9123:
9120:
9117:
9114:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9075:
9072:
9069:
9066:
9063:
9060:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9047:
9044:
9041:
9038:
9035:
9032:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9019:
9016:
9013:
9010:
9007:
9004:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8980:
8977:
8973:
8972:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8916:
8913:
8910:
8907:
8904:
8901:
8897:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8883:
8880:
8877:
8874:
8870:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8861:
8858:
8855:
8852:
8849:
8846:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8833:
8830:
8827:
8824:
8821:
8818:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8805:
8802:
8799:
8796:
8793:
8790:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8755:
8752:
8749:
8746:
8743:
8740:
8736:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8727:
8724:
8721:
8718:
8715:
8712:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8699:
8696:
8693:
8690:
8687:
8684:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8671:
8668:
8665:
8662:
8659:
8656:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8643:
8640:
8637:
8634:
8631:
8628:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8615:
8612:
8609:
8606:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8584:
8581:
8578:
8575:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8559:
8556:
8553:
8550:
8547:
8544:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8531:
8528:
8525:
8522:
8519:
8516:
8512:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8503:
8500:
8497:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8472:
8469:
8466:
8463:
8460:
8456:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8447:
8444:
8441:
8438:
8435:
8432:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8413:
8410:
8407:
8404:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8378:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8359:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8328:
8325:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8312:
8309:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8286:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8271:
8268:
8255:
8252:
8250:with 6–8,000.
8191:Wayuu language
8187:Haitian Creole
8063:
8060:
8059:
8058:
8048:
8047:, Rio Paraiba.
8038:
8031:
8021:
8011:
7997:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7962:
7961:dummy patient
7958:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7930:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7920:
7917:
7913:
7912:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7883:
7879:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7861:
7858:
7855:
7852:
7849:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7841:(mark patient)
7837:
7835:
7830:
7789:
7788:
7759:
7758:
7718:
7717:
7711:
7708:
7694:wood 3PL-make-
7667:heku na-ni-ni-
7612:
7604:
7590:
7569:
7552:
7538:
7517:
7516:
7510:
7507:
7486:
7485:
7464:
7463:
7457:
7454:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7423:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7404:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7387:
7379:
7371:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7279:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7239:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7225:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7045:
7042:
7037:British Guiana
7033:C. H. de Goeje
6974:
6971:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6854:
6836:
6822:
6812:
6802:
6792:
6789:Arichuna River
6754:
6744:
6734:
6720:
6714:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6685:
6675:
6664:Huallaga River
6657:
6654:Chinchao River
6647:
6644:Colorado River
6616:
6615:
6611:
6610:
6604:
6594:
6584:
6581:Huallaga River
6570:
6564:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6512:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6477:
6467:
6449:
6439:
6429:
6422:Casipore River
6418:Calçoene River
6407:
6393:
6386:Oiapoque River
6374:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6361:Curisevú River
6354:
6351:Curisevú River
6332:
6331:, Mato Grosso.
6329:Curisevú River
6310:
6297:
6296:) Mato Grosso.
6282:
6281:
6277:
6276:
6262:
6252:
6238:
6216:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6183:
6172:Papagaio River
6141:
6127:
6120:Sepotuba River
6091:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6056:
6046:
6032:
6026:
6008:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5979:
5960:
5959:
5958:Apolista group
5955:
5954:
5932:
5925:Sepatiní River
5905:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5885:
5882:Tunquini River
5871:
5868:Urubamba River
5857:
5850:Irariapé River
5839:
5829:
5811:
5808:Curumaha River
5797:
5783:
5765:
5743:
5729:
5715:
5697:
5679:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5652:Apurimac River
5645:
5635:
5618:Urubamba River
5614:Apurimac River
5595:
5588:Urubamba River
5564:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5548:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5497:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5458:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5344:
5343:
5342:Resigaro group
5339:
5338:
5316:
5306:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5270:
5269:
5268:Chiriána group
5265:
5264:
5254:
5251:Cauaburi River
5232:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5201:
5191:
5181:
5167:
5149:
5131:
5113:
5106:Padauari River
5099:
5096:Padauari River
5077:
5067:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5028:
5025:Pasimoni River
5021:Capabury River
5005:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4996:Apaporis River
4992:Cananari River
4977:
4963:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4923:Kapité-Mínanei
4920:
4910:
4900:
4882:
4871:Kumada-mínanei
4863:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4843:
4829:
4811:
4793:
4778:Uereperidákeni
4767:
4749:
4731:
4709:
4699:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4667:Merevari River
4639:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4615:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4576:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4545:
4542:Guaviare River
4531:
4513:
4510:Guaviare River
4495:
4481:
4475:
4461:
4443:
4429:
4423:
4409:
4395:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4362:Sagamoso River
4355:
4345:
4335:
4332:Matiyure River
4321:
4318:Arichuna River
4311:
4301:
4298:Uribante River
4291:
4281:
4275:
4261:
4242:
4241:
4240:Caquetío group
4237:
4236:
4218:
4208:
4201:Lake Maracaibo
4194:
4184:
4181:Lake Maracaibo
4162:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4131:
4128:Apiniwau River
4116:
4115:
4114:Mapidian group
4111:
4110:
4107:Kuyuwini River
4103:Rupununi River
4088:
4085:Rupununi River
4074:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:Oyapoque River
4021:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3964:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3938:
3928:
3918:
3900:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3821:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3707:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3666:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3555:
3540:
3530:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3467:
3457:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3426:
3415:
3384:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3267:
3238:
3228:
3209:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3162:
3161:Ramirez (2020)
3159:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3109:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3054:Yine/Manxinéru
3047:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2903:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2764:
2742:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2707:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2649:
2634:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2568:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2534:
2515:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2448:
2441:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2389:
2378:
2368:
2355:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2328:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2259:
2242:
2232:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2010:
2003:
1988:
1973:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1903:
1901:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1679:
1675:Central Brazil
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1624:
1610:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1580:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1462:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:Central Brazil
1341:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1162:Amapá division
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1141:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1004:
991:
990:
989:
968:
967:
966:
961:
953:
943:
922:
907:
906:
905:
889:
888:Ramirez (2001)
886:
866:
865:
864:
863:
862:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
813:
812:
811:
805:
799:
792:
780:
752:
749:
740:
739:
738:
737:
736:
735:
726:
725:
724:
718:
717:
716:
710:
702:
681:
673:
672:
671:
665:
657:Western branch
651:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
645:
637:
628:
623:
609:
595:
578:
566:
565:
555:
554:
541:
529:
511:
510:Kaufman (1994)
508:
488:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
447:
444:
306:
303:
282:trade language
273:
270:
254:Macro-Arawakan
225:
222:
218:Macro-Arawakan
168:
167:
160:
152:
151:
144:
138:
137:
130:
124:
123:
122:
121:
118:
113:
109:
108:
107:Proto-Arawakan
105:
104:Proto-language
101:
100:
99:
98:
90:Macro-Arawakan
87:
81:
80:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19532:
19521:
19518:
19516:
19513:
19511:
19508:
19507:
19505:
19490:
19487:
19485:
19482:
19480:
19477:
19473:
19470:
19469:
19468:
19465:
19463:
19460:
19459:
19457:
19453:
19447:
19446:French Guiana
19444:
19442:
19439:
19437:
19434:
19432:
19429:
19427:
19424:
19422:
19419:
19417:
19414:
19412:
19409:
19407:
19404:
19402:
19399:
19397:
19394:
19392:
19389:
19388:
19386:
19382:
19376:
19373:
19371:
19368:
19366:
19363:
19362:
19360:
19358:
19354:
19348:
19345:
19343:
19340:
19338:
19335:
19333:
19330:
19328:
19325:
19323:
19320:
19318:
19315:
19313:
19310:
19308:
19305:
19303:
19302:Je–Tupi–Carib
19300:
19298:
19297:Hibito–Cholon
19295:
19293:
19290:
19288:
19285:
19283:
19280:
19278:
19277:Macro-Warpean
19275:
19273:
19270:
19268:
19265:
19263:
19260:
19258:
19255:
19253:
19250:
19248:
19245:
19243:
19240:
19238:
19235:
19233:
19230:
19229:
19227:
19223:
19213:
19212:
19208:
19206:
19205:
19201:
19199:
19196:
19195:
19193:
19190:
19185:
19179:
19176:
19174:
19171:
19169:
19166:
19164:
19161:
19159:
19156:
19154:
19151:
19147:
19146:
19142:
19140:
19139:
19135:
19133:
19130:
19128:
19125:
19124:
19123:
19119:
19118:
19116:
19113:
19109:
19103:
19102:
19098:
19096:
19095:
19091:
19089:
19086:
19084:
19083:
19079:
19075:
19072:
19070:
19067:
19066:
19065:
19061:
19059:
19058:
19054:
19053:
19051:
19048:
19043:
19037:
19036:
19032:
19030:
19029:
19025:
19023:
19022:
19018:
19016:
19015:
19011:
19009:
19008:
19004:
19002:
19001:
18997:
18995:
18994:
18990:
18988:
18985:
18983:
18982:
18978:
18976:
18975:
18971:
18969:
18968:
18964:
18962:
18961:
18957:
18955:
18952:
18950:
18947:
18945:
18944:
18940:
18938:
18935:
18934:
18932:
18930:
18926:
18920:
18919:
18915:
18911:
18910:
18906:
18904:
18901:
18900:
18898:
18894:
18891:
18889:
18886:
18884:
18881:
18880:
18879:
18875:
18874:
18872:
18869:
18865:
18857:
18854:
18852:
18849:
18848:
18847:
18843:
18841:
18840:
18836:
18834:
18833:
18829:
18827:
18826:
18822:
18820:
18819:
18815:
18813:
18812:
18808:
18806:
18805:
18801:
18799:
18798:
18794:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18784:
18782:
18781:Hibito–Cholon
18779:
18777:
18776:
18772:
18771:
18769:
18766:
18762:
18758:
18750:
18749:
18745:
18743:
18742:Cañari–Puruhá
18740:
18739:
18738:
18734:
18732:
18729:
18728:
18726:
18723:
18718:
18712:
18711:
18707:
18705:
18704:
18700:
18698:
18695:
18693:
18690:
18688:
18687:
18683:
18682:
18680:
18677:
18672:
18666:
18665:
18661:
18659:
18656:
18654:
18651:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18639:
18637:
18634:
18633:
18632:
18628:
18626:
18625:
18621:
18620:
18618:
18615:
18611:
18607:
18603:
18599:
18593:
18590:
18588:
18585:
18583:
18580:
18578:
18575:
18573:
18572:
18568:
18566:
18565:
18561:
18559:
18558:
18554:
18553:
18551:
18548:
18544:
18539:
18529:
18526:
18524:
18523:
18519:
18517:
18516:
18512:
18510:
18507:
18506:
18504:
18502:
18497:
18491:
18490:
18486:
18484:
18481:
18479:
18478:
18474:
18472:
18471:
18467:
18463:
18462:
18458:
18456:
18455:
18451:
18449:
18448:
18444:
18443:
18442:
18438:
18436:
18433:
18432:
18430:
18427:
18423:
18419:
18413:
18412:
18408:
18406:
18405:
18401:
18399:
18398:
18394:
18392:
18391:
18387:
18385:
18384:
18380:
18378:
18377:
18373:
18371:
18370:
18366:
18364:
18363:
18359:
18357:
18356:
18352:
18350:
18349:
18345:
18343:
18342:
18338:
18336:
18335:
18331:
18329:
18328:
18324:
18322:
18319:
18317:
18314:
18313:
18311:
18307:
18297:
18296:
18291:
18289:
18288:
18284:
18282:
18281:
18277:
18275:
18274:
18270:
18268:
18267:
18263:
18261:
18258:
18256:
18253:
18251:
18248:
18246:
18243:
18241:
18238:
18236:
18233:
18232:
18230:
18228:
18224:
18218:
18217:
18213:
18211:
18210:
18206:
18205:
18203:
18201:
18200:Je–Tupi–Carib
18197:
18191:
18190:
18186:
18185:
18183:
18177:
18171:
18170:Campbell 2012
18165:
18164:South America
18161:
18154:
18149:
18147:
18142:
18140:
18135:
18134:
18131:
18117:
18113:
18110:
18106:
18103:
18102:
18098:
18092:
18089:
18087:
18084:
18082:
18079:
18077:
18074:
18072:
18069:
18067:
18064:
18063:
18061:
18057:
18047:
18046:
18041:
18040:
18038:
18034:
18027:
18024:
18022:
18019:
18017:
18016:Original Thai
18014:
18012:
18009:
18007:
18004:
18002:
17999:
17997:
17996:
17992:
17990:
17987:
17985:
17982:
17980:
17977:
17976:
17973:
17970:
17968:
17962:
17952:
17949:
17947:
17944:
17942:
17939:
17937:
17934:
17932:
17929:
17927:
17924:
17922:
17919:
17917:
17914:
17911:
17908:
17906:
17903:
17901:
17898:
17896:
17894:
17890:
17888:
17885:
17883:
17882:
17878:
17876:
17873:
17870:
17867:
17865:
17862:
17860:
17857:
17855:
17852:
17849:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17829:
17826:
17824:
17821:
17818:
17815:
17814:
17812:
17806:
17799:
17796:
17793:
17790:
17787:
17784:
17781:
17780:Hibito–Cholón
17778:
17775:
17772:
17769:
17766:
17763:
17760:
17758:
17755:
17753:
17750:
17748:
17745:
17743:
17740:
17738:
17735:
17733:
17732:
17728:
17726:
17723:
17721:
17718:
17716:
17713:
17711:
17708:
17706:
17703:
17701:
17700:
17696:
17694:
17691:
17689:
17686:
17684:
17681:
17679:
17676:
17674:
17671:
17669:
17666:
17664:
17661:
17659:
17656:
17654:
17651:
17649:
17648:
17644:
17642:
17639:
17637:
17634:
17632:
17629:
17627:
17624:
17622:
17619:
17617:
17614:
17612:
17611:
17607:
17605:
17602:
17600:
17599:
17595:
17593:
17590:
17588:
17585:
17583:
17580:
17578:
17575:
17573:
17570:
17568:
17565:
17563:
17562:
17558:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17542:
17539:
17536:
17534:
17528:
17518:
17515:
17513:
17510:
17508:
17507:
17503:
17502:
17500:
17496:
17490:
17489:
17485:
17483:
17482:
17478:
17476:
17473:
17471:
17468:
17466:
17465:
17461:
17459:
17456:
17454:
17451:
17449:
17448:
17444:
17442:
17441:
17437:
17435:
17432:
17430:
17427:
17426:
17423:
17420:
17418:
17414:
17404:
17401:
17399:
17396:
17394:
17391:
17389:
17388:
17384:
17382:
17379:
17377:
17376:
17372:
17370:
17369:
17365:
17363:
17362:
17358:
17356:
17355:
17351:
17349:
17348:
17344:
17342:
17339:
17337:
17334:
17332:
17329:
17327:
17324:
17322:
17321:
17317:
17315:
17314:
17310:
17309:
17307:
17303:
17297:
17296:Yuman–Cochimí
17294:
17292:
17291:
17287:
17285:
17284:
17280:
17278:
17275:
17273:
17272:
17268:
17266:
17263:
17261:
17258:
17256:
17253:
17251:
17248:
17246:
17245:
17241:
17239:
17236:
17234:
17231:
17229:
17226:
17224:
17223:
17219:
17217:
17216:
17212:
17210:
17207:
17205:
17204:
17200:
17198:
17195:
17193:
17192:
17188:
17186:
17183:
17181:
17178:
17176:
17175:
17171:
17169:
17168:
17164:
17162:
17161:
17157:
17155:
17154:
17150:
17148:
17147:
17143:
17141:
17138:
17136:
17135:
17131:
17129:
17128:
17124:
17123:
17120:
17117:
17115:
17109:
17099:
17096:
17093:
17090:
17088:
17087:
17083:
17082:
17080:
17076:
17069:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17054:
17050:
17048:
17045:
17043:
17040:
17038:
17035:
17032:
17031:Southern Daly
17029:
17027:
17026:
17022:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17014:
17010:
17008:
17007:
17003:
17001:
16998:
16995:
16994:
16990:
16988:
16985:
16983:
16980:
16978:
16975:
16973:
16972:
16968:
16966:
16965:
16961:
16958:
16957:
16956:Darwin Region
16953:
16951:
16948:
16945:
16942:
16941:
16938:
16935:
16933:
16929:
16919:
16916:
16914:
16912:
16908:
16905:
16902:
16899:
16896:
16894:
16891:
16889:
16886:
16884:
16881:
16879:
16876:
16874:
16871:
16869:
16866:
16863:
16860:
16857:
16854:
16852:
16849:
16847:
16844:
16843:
16841:
16837:
16830:
16827:
16824:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16809:
16806:
16804:
16801:
16799:
16796:
16794:
16791:
16789:
16788:
16784:
16782:
16779:
16777:
16776:
16772:
16770:
16767:
16765:
16762:
16760:
16757:
16755:
16754:
16750:
16748:
16745:
16743:
16740:
16738:
16737:
16733:
16731:
16728:
16726:
16723:
16721:
16718:
16716:
16715:
16711:
16709:
16706:
16704:
16701:
16699:
16696:
16694:
16691:
16689:
16686:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16654:
16651:
16649:
16646:
16644:
16641:
16639:
16638:Demta–Sentani
16636:
16634:
16631:
16629:
16626:
16624:
16621:
16619:
16616:
16614:
16611:
16609:
16608:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16598:
16595:
16592:
16590:
16585:
16581:
16571:
16569:
16565:
16563:
16562:
16558:
16555:
16552:
16550:
16547:
16545:
16543:
16539:
16537:
16534:
16532:
16530:
16526:
16524:
16523:
16519:
16517:
16516:
16512:
16510:
16507:
16505:
16502:
16501:
16499:
16495:
16488:
16485:
16482:
16479:
16476:
16473:
16470:
16467:
16464:
16461:
16458:
16455:
16453:
16450:
16448:
16445:
16443:
16442:
16438:
16436:
16435:
16431:
16429:
16428:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16417:
16416:
16412:
16410:
16407:
16405:
16402:
16400:
16399:
16395:
16393:
16390:
16388:
16385:
16383:
16382:
16378:
16376:
16373:
16371:
16368:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16360:
16359:Indo-European
16356:
16354:
16353:
16349:
16347:
16346:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16332:
16330:
16329:
16325:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16317:
16313:
16311:
16310:
16309:Austroasiatic
16306:
16304:
16301:
16299:
16298:
16294:
16293:
16290:
16287:
16284:
16279:
16272:
16261:
16258:
16255:
16252:
16250:
16247:
16245:
16244:
16240:
16238:
16235:
16233:
16230:
16229:
16227:
16223:
16216:
16213:
16210:
16207:
16204:
16201:
16198:
16195:
16192:
16189:
16187:
16184:
16181:
16180:
16176:
16174:
16173:
16169:
16167:
16164:
16162:
16159:
16157:
16156:
16152:
16150:
16149:
16145:
16144:
16141:
16138:
16136:
16132:
16128:
16121:
16116:
16114:
16109:
16107:
16102:
16101:
16098:
16086:
16085:
16081:
16079:
16078:
16074:
16072:
16071:
16067:
16065:
16064:
16060:
16058:
16057:
16053:
16052:
16050:
16048:
16047:
16042:
16032:
16029:
16027:
16026:Nomatsiguenga
16024:
16022:
16019:
16017:
16014:
16012:
16009:
16007:
16004:
16002:
15999:
15998:
15996:
15994:
15990:
15984:
15980:
15977:
15975:
15972:
15970:
15967:
15965:
15962:
15960:
15957:
15956:
15954:
15950:
15944:
15941:
15939:
15936:
15934:
15931:
15929:
15926:
15924:
15921:
15919:
15916:
15915:
15913:
15911:
15907:
15901:
15898:
15896:
15892:
15889:
15887:
15884:
15882:
15879:
15877:
15874:
15872:
15869:
15866:
15865:Agavotaguerra
15863:
15862:
15860:
15858:
15854:
15848:
15845:
15843:
15840:
15838:
15835:
15834:
15832:
15828:
15825:
15821:
15806:
15803:
15801:
15798:
15796:
15793:
15792:
15790:
15786:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15770:
15767:
15765:
15762:
15760:
15757:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15746:
15744:
15740:
15734:
15731:
15729:
15726:
15724:
15721:
15720:
15718:
15714:
15708:
15705:
15703:
15700:
15697:
15694:
15691:
15688:
15686:
15683:
15680:
15677:
15675:
15672:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15656:
15654:
15651:
15649:
15646:
15644:
15641:
15639:
15636:
15634:
15631:
15629:
15626:
15623:
15620:
15617:
15614:
15612:
15609:
15607:
15604:
15602:
15599:
15598:
15596:
15592:
15589:
15587:
15583:
15577:
15574:
15572:
15569:
15567:
15564:
15561:
15558:
15556:
15553:
15551:
15548:
15547:
15545:
15543:
15539:
15533:
15530:
15528:
15525:
15524:
15522:
15518:
15512:
15509:
15507:
15504:
15502:
15499:
15497:
15494:
15492:
15489:
15487:
15484:
15482:
15479:
15477:
15474:
15473:
15471:
15469:
15465:
15462:
15458:
15453:
15446:
15441:
15439:
15434:
15432:
15427:
15426:
15423:
15417:
15414:
15412:
15409:
15408:
15397:
15392:
15388:
15384:
15380:
15375:
15371:
15366:
15365:
15361:
15360:
15357:
15353:
15349:
15347:
15343:
15339:
15337:
15333:
15329:
15328:
15324:
15323:
15319:
15316:
15313:
15310:
15307:
15304:
15301:
15298:
15295:
15292:
15289:
15285:
15282:
15279:
15276:
15273:
15270:
15267:
15264:
15261:
15258:
15255:
15252:
15249:
15246:
15243:
15240:
15237:
15234:
15231:
15227:
15224:
15221:
15217:
15214:
15211:
15210:
15206:
15205:
15200:
15198:3-89586-232-0
15194:
15190:
15185:
15181:
15176:
15172:
15167:
15163:
15158:
15154:
15149:
15145:
15143:0-19-509427-1
15139:
15135:
15130:
15129:
15118:
15114:
15109:
15104:
15100:
15096:
15092:
15088:
15084:
15079:
15076:
15072:
15068:
15065:
15061:
15058:
15054:
15050:
15047:
15044:
15043:0-292-70414-3
15040:
15036:
15032:
15029:
15026:
15022:
15019:
15015:
15012:
15009:
15005:
15002:
15001:0-521-57893-0
14998:
14994:
14993:0-521-57021-2
14990:
14986:
14982:
14979:
14978:
14966:
14965:
14961:
14958:
14951:
14944:
14940:
14937:
14931:
14922:
14913:
14907:Rudes (2004).
14904:
14896:
14892:
14888:
14881:
14872:
14863:
14854:
14845:
14836:
14827:
14825:
14815:
14806:
14797:
14788:
14779:
14778:
14772:
14766:
14764:
14757:
14753:
14749:
14745:
14741:
14738:
14732:
14724:
14720:
14716:
14710:
14706:
14702:
14698:
14697:
14692:
14686:
14678:
14674:
14670:
14664:
14660:
14656:
14652:
14651:
14646:
14640:
14633:
14629:
14626:
14622:
14618:
14614:
14611:
14605:
14603:
14595:
14591:
14588:
14584:
14580:
14579:
14575:
14572:
14565:
14563:
14555:
14551:
14550:
14546:
14543:
14536:
14534:
14532:
14530:
14522:
14518:
14517:
14513:
14510:
14503:
14496:
14490:
14483:
14477:
14462:
14458:
14454:
14450:
14446:
14442:
14438:
14434:
14430:
14426:
14419:
14417:
14412:
14402:
14399:
14397:
14394:
14392:
14389:
14388:
14382:
14380:
14365:
14362:
14361:
14357:
14354:
14353:
14349:
14346:
14345:
14341:
14338:
14337:
14333:
14330:
14329:
14325:
14322:
14321:
14317:
14314:
14313:
14309:
14306:
14305:
14301:
14298:
14297:
14293:
14290:
14289:
14285:
14282:
14281:
14277:
14274:
14273:
14269:
14266:
14265:
14261:
14258:
14257:
14253:
14250:
14249:
14245:
14242:
14241:
14237:
14234:
14233:
14229:
14226:
14225:
14221:
14218:
14217:
14213:
14210:
14209:
14205:
14202:
14201:
14197:
14194:
14193:
14189:
14186:
14185:
14181:
14178:
14177:
14173:
14170:
14169:
14165:
14162:
14161:
14157:
14154:
14153:
14149:
14146:
14145:
14142:*pe, *pana/i
14141:
14138:
14137:
14133:
14130:
14129:
14125:
14122:
14121:
14118:*tʃɨ na(-ru)
14117:
14114:
14113:
14109:
14106:
14105:
14101:
14099:'people, man'
14098:
14097:
14093:
14090:
14089:
14086:*(a)dia(-li)
14085:
14083:'man, person'
14082:
14081:
14077:
14075:'man, person'
14074:
14073:
14069:
14066:
14065:
14061:
14058:
14057:
14053:
14050:
14049:
14045:
14042:
14041:
14037:
14034:
14033:
14030:*atʃɨ (di/ɨ)
14029:
14026:
14025:
14021:
14018:
14017:
14013:
14010:
14009:
14005:
14002:
14001:
13997:
13994:
13993:
13989:
13986:
13985:
13981:
13978:
13977:
13973:
13970:
13966:
13965:
13961:
13958:
13957:
13953:
13950:
13949:
13945:
13942:
13938:
13937:
13933:
13930:
13929:
13925:
13922:
13921:
13918:*ki(h)pa(ru)
13917:
13914:
13913:
13909:
13906:
13905:
13901:
13898:
13897:
13893:
13890:
13889:
13885:
13882:
13878:
13877:
13873:
13870:
13869:
13865:
13862:
13861:
13857:
13854:
13853:
13849:
13846:
13845:
13841:
13838:
13837:
13833:
13831:'dog, jaguar'
13830:
13829:
13825:
13823:'hummingbird'
13822:
13821:
13817:
13814:
13813:
13809:
13806:
13805:
13801:
13798:
13797:
13793:
13790:
13786:
13785:
13781:
13778:
13774:
13773:
13769:
13766:
13765:
13761:
13758:
13757:
13753:
13750:
13749:
13745:
13742:
13741:
13737:
13734:
13733:
13729:
13726:
13725:
13721:
13718:
13714:
13713:
13709:
13706:
13705:
13701:
13698:
13697:
13693:
13690:
13689:
13685:
13682:
13681:
13677:
13674:
13673:
13669:
13666:
13665:
13661:
13658:
13657:
13653:
13650:
13649:
13645:
13642:
13641:
13637:
13634:
13633:
13629:
13627:'lip, tongue'
13626:
13625:
13621:
13618:
13617:
13613:
13610:
13609:
13605:
13602:
13601:
13597:
13594:
13593:
13589:
13586:
13585:
13581:
13578:
13577:
13573:
13570:
13569:
13565:
13563:'flesh, meat'
13562:
13561:
13557:
13555:'flesh, meat'
13554:
13553:
13549:
13547:'flesh, meat'
13546:
13545:
13541:
13538:
13537:
13533:
13530:
13529:
13525:
13522:
13521:
13517:
13514:
13513:
13509:
13507:'snout, nose'
13506:
13505:
13501:
13499:'snout, nose'
13498:
13497:
13493:
13490:
13489:
13485:
13482:
13481:
13477:
13474:
13473:
13469:
13466:
13465:
13461:
13458:
13457:
13453:
13450:
13449:
13445:
13442:
13441:
13437:
13434:
13433:
13429:
13426:
13425:
13421:
13418:
13417:
13413:
13410:
13409:
13405:
13402:
13401:
13397:
13394:
13393:
13389:
13386:
13382:
13381:
13377:
13374:
13373:
13369:
13366:
13365:
13361:
13358:
13357:
13353:
13350:
13349:
13345:
13342:
13338:
13334:
13333:
13330:Proto-Arawak
13329:
13326:
13325:
13322:
13321:
13315:
13314:
13310:
13302:
13298:
13293:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13268:
13265:
13262:
13259:
13258:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13246:
13243:
13240:
13237:
13234:
13231:
13230:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13213:
13210:
13207:
13204:
13203:
13199:
13197:
13194:
13191:
13188:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13178:
13177:
13173:
13171:
13168:
13165:
13162:
13159:
13156:
13153:
13150:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13138:
13135:
13132:
13129:
13126:
13123:
13122:
13118:
13115:
13112:
13109:
13106:
13103:
13100:
13097:
13094:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13078:
13075:
13072:
13069:
13068:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13049:
13046:
13043:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13027:
13024:
13021:
13018:
13017:
13014:
13011:
13008:
13005:
13002:
12999:
12996:
12993:
12990:
12989:
12986:
12983:
12980:
12977:
12974:
12971:
12968:
12965:
12962:
12961:
12958:
12955:
12952:
12949:
12946:
12943:
12940:
12937:
12934:
12933:
12930:
12927:
12924:
12921:
12918:
12915:
12912:
12909:
12906:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12894:
12891:
12888:
12885:
12882:
12879:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12862:
12859:
12856:
12853:
12852:
12849:
12846:
12843:
12840:
12837:
12834:
12831:
12828:
12825:
12824:
12821:
12818:
12815:
12812:
12809:
12806:
12803:
12800:
12797:
12796:
12793:
12790:
12787:
12784:
12781:
12778:
12775:
12772:
12769:
12768:
12765:
12762:
12759:
12756:
12753:
12750:
12747:
12744:
12741:
12740:
12737:
12734:
12731:
12728:
12725:
12722:
12719:
12716:
12713:
12712:
12709:
12706:
12703:
12700:
12697:
12694:
12691:
12688:
12685:
12684:
12681:
12678:
12675:
12672:
12669:
12666:
12663:
12660:
12657:
12656:
12653:
12650:
12647:
12644:
12641:
12638:
12635:
12632:
12629:
12628:
12625:
12622:
12619:
12616:
12613:
12610:
12607:
12604:
12601:
12600:
12597:
12594:
12591:
12588:
12585:
12582:
12579:
12576:
12573:
12572:
12569:
12566:
12563:
12560:
12557:
12554:
12551:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12541:
12538:
12535:
12532:
12529:
12526:
12523:
12520:
12517:
12516:
12513:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12499:
12496:
12493:
12490:
12489:
12486:
12483:
12480:
12477:
12474:
12471:
12468:
12465:
12462:
12461:
12458:
12455:
12452:
12449:
12446:
12443:
12440:
12437:
12435:Kapitémínaneí
12434:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12418:
12415:
12412:
12409:
12408:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12392:
12389:
12386:
12383:
12382:
12379:
12376:
12373:
12370:
12367:
12364:
12361:
12358:
12355:
12354:
12351:
12348:
12345:
12342:
12339:
12336:
12333:
12330:
12327:
12326:
12323:
12320:
12317:
12314:
12311:
12308:
12305:
12302:
12299:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12283:
12280:
12277:
12274:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12266:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12256:
12253:
12250:
12249:
12246:
12243:
12240:
12237:
12234:
12231:
12228:
12225:
12222:
12221:
12218:
12215:
12212:
12209:
12206:
12203:
12200:
12197:
12194:
12193:
12190:
12187:
12184:
12181:
12178:
12175:
12172:
12169:
12166:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12154:
12151:
12148:
12145:
12142:
12139:
12138:
12135:
12132:
12129:
12126:
12123:
12120:
12117:
12114:
12111:
12110:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12096:
12093:
12090:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12061:
12060:
12057:
12054:
12051:
12048:
12045:
12042:
12039:
12036:
12033:
12032:
12029:
12026:
12023:
12020:
12017:
12014:
12011:
12008:
12005:
12004:
12001:
11998:
11995:
11992:
11989:
11986:
11983:
11980:
11977:
11976:
11973:
11970:
11967:
11964:
11961:
11958:
11955:
11952:
11949:
11948:
11945:
11942:
11939:
11936:
11933:
11930:
11927:
11924:
11921:
11920:
11917:
11914:
11911:
11908:
11905:
11902:
11899:
11896:
11893:
11892:
11889:
11886:
11883:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11867:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11843:
11842:
11839:
11836:
11833:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11819:
11816:
11815:
11812:
11809:
11806:
11803:
11800:
11797:
11794:
11791:
11788:
11787:
11784:
11781:
11778:
11775:
11772:
11769:
11766:
11763:
11760:
11759:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11743:
11740:
11737:
11734:
11733:
11730:
11727:
11724:
11721:
11718:
11715:
11712:
11709:
11706:
11705:
11702:
11699:
11696:
11693:
11690:
11687:
11684:
11681:
11678:
11677:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11663:
11660:
11657:
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11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11639:
11636:
11633:
11630:
11627:
11624:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11612:
11609:
11606:
11603:
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11596:
11593:
11590:
11587:
11584:
11581:
11578:
11575:
11572:
11569:
11568:
11565:
11562:
11559:
11556:
11553:
11550:
11547:
11544:
11541:
11540:
11537:
11534:
11531:
11528:
11525:
11522:
11519:
11516:
11513:
11512:
11509:
11507:
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11502:
11499:
11496:
11493:
11490:
11487:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11470:
11467:
11464:
11461:
11460:
11457:
11454:
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11446:
11443:
11440:
11437:
11434:
11433:
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11427:
11424:
11421:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11409:
11406:
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11399:
11396:
11393:
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11387:
11384:
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11360:
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11350:
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11335:
11332:
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11319:
11316:
11313:
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11118:
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10998:
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10905:
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10868:
10865:
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10840:
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10809:
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10697:
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10650:
10648:
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10638:
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10625:
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10613:
10610:
10609:
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10584:
10581:
10580:
10577:
10574:
10571:
10568:
10565:
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10549:
10546:
10543:
10540:
10537:
10534:
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10521:
10518:
10515:
10512:
10509:
10506:
10503:
10500:
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10490:
10487:
10484:
10481:
10478:
10475:
10472:
10469:
10468:
10465:
10462:
10459:
10456:
10454:
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10448:
10445:
10442:
10441:
10438:
10435:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10421:
10418:
10415:
10414:
10411:
10408:
10405:
10402:
10399:
10396:
10393:
10390:
10387:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10377:
10374:
10371:
10368:
10365:
10362:
10359:
10358:
10355:
10352:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10342:
10340:
10337:
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10333:
10330:
10327:
10324:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10312:
10309:
10306:
10305:
10302:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10290:
10287:
10284:
10281:
10278:
10277:
10274:
10271:
10268:
10265:
10262:
10259:
10256:
10253:
10250:
10249:
10246:
10243:
10240:
10237:
10234:
10231:
10228:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10218:
10215:
10212:
10209:
10206:
10203:
10200:
10197:
10194:
10193:
10190:
10187:
10184:
10181:
10178:
10175:
10172:
10169:
10166:
10165:
10162:
10159:
10156:
10153:
10150:
10147:
10144:
10141:
10138:
10137:
10134:
10131:
10128:
10125:
10122:
10119:
10116:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10106:
10103:
10100:
10097:
10094:
10091:
10088:
10085:
10082:
10081:
10078:
10075:
10072:
10069:
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10060:
10057:
10054:
10053:
10050:
10047:
10044:
10041:
10038:
10035:
10032:
10029:
10026:
10025:
10022:
10019:
10016:
10013:
10010:
10007:
10004:
10001:
9998:
9997:
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9988:
9985:
9983:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9973:
9972:
9969:
9966:
9963:
9960:
9957:
9954:
9951:
9948:
9945:
9944:
9941:
9938:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9926:
9923:
9920:
9918:Kapitémínaneí
9917:
9916:
9913:
9910:
9907:
9904:
9901:
9898:
9895:
9892:
9889:
9888:
9885:
9882:
9879:
9876:
9873:
9870:
9867:
9864:
9861:
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9854:
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9842:
9839:
9836:
9833:
9832:
9829:
9826:
9823:
9820:
9817:
9814:
9811:
9808:
9805:
9804:
9801:
9798:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9776:
9773:
9770:
9767:
9764:
9761:
9758:
9755:
9752:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9723:
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9717:
9714:
9712:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9698:
9695:
9692:
9689:
9686:
9683:
9680:
9677:
9674:
9673:
9670:
9667:
9664:
9661:
9658:
9655:
9652:
9649:
9646:
9645:
9642:
9639:
9636:
9633:
9630:
9627:
9624:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9614:
9611:
9608:
9605:
9602:
9599:
9596:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9586:
9583:
9580:
9577:
9574:
9571:
9568:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9545:
9542:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9532:
9529:
9526:
9523:
9520:
9517:
9514:
9511:
9508:
9507:
9504:
9501:
9498:
9495:
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9486:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9476:
9473:
9470:
9467:
9464:
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9452:
9451:
9448:
9445:
9442:
9439:
9436:
9433:
9430:
9427:
9424:
9423:
9420:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9408:
9405:
9402:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9392:
9389:
9386:
9383:
9380:
9377:
9374:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9360:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9350:
9347:
9344:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9325:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9315:
9312:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9300:
9297:
9294:
9291:
9290:
9287:
9284:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9262:
9259:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9245:
9242:
9239:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9231:
9229:
9227:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9217:
9216:
9213:
9210:
9207:
9204:
9201:
9198:
9195:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9185:
9182:
9179:
9176:
9173:
9170:
9167:
9164:
9161:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9153:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9127:
9124:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9112:
9111:
9108:
9105:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9086:
9085:
9082:
9079:
9076:
9073:
9070:
9067:
9064:
9061:
9058:
9057:
9054:
9051:
9048:
9045:
9042:
9039:
9036:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9026:
9023:
9020:
9017:
9014:
9011:
9008:
9005:
9002:
9001:
8998:
8995:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8981:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8948:
8945:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8923:
8920:
8917:
8914:
8911:
8908:
8905:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8884:
8881:
8878:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8868:
8865:
8862:
8859:
8856:
8853:
8850:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8840:
8837:
8834:
8831:
8828:
8825:
8822:
8819:
8816:
8815:
8812:
8809:
8806:
8803:
8800:
8797:
8794:
8791:
8788:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8762:
8759:
8756:
8753:
8750:
8747:
8744:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8734:
8731:
8728:
8725:
8722:
8719:
8716:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8706:
8703:
8700:
8697:
8694:
8691:
8688:
8685:
8682:
8681:
8678:
8675:
8672:
8669:
8666:
8663:
8660:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8650:
8647:
8644:
8641:
8638:
8635:
8632:
8629:
8626:
8625:
8622:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8604:
8601:
8598:
8597:
8594:
8591:
8588:
8585:
8582:
8579:
8576:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8566:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8554:
8551:
8548:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8538:
8535:
8532:
8529:
8526:
8523:
8520:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8510:
8507:
8504:
8501:
8498:
8495:
8492:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8482:
8479:
8476:
8473:
8470:
8467:
8464:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8451:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8433:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8423:
8420:
8417:
8414:
8411:
8408:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8398:
8395:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8347:
8344:
8341:
8338:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8316:
8313:
8310:
8307:
8304:
8301:
8298:
8295:
8294:
8290:
8287:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8275:
8272:
8269:
8266:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8251:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8220:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8198:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8146:
8142:
8136:
8134:
8130:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8097:French Guiana
8094:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8079:, across the
8078:
8074:
8070:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8046:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8029:
8025:
8022:
8020:, Rio Jupura.
8019:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7977:Some examples
7970:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7876:
7873:
7870:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7859:
7856:
7853:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7843:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7820:
7817:
7814:
7810:
7792:
7786:
7783:
7780:
7776:
7762:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7746:
7721:
7716:
7706:
7703:
7702:-REC.PST.NVIS
7682:3PL-medicine-
7672:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7644:
7619:
7617:
7610:
7607:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7588:
7575:
7574:
7567:
7558:
7557:
7550:
7544:
7543:
7536:
7523:
7522:
7515:
7505:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7489:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7473:
7467:
7462:
7453:
7439:
7432:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7388:
7380:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7347:
7340:
7338:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7324:
7322:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7301:
7296:
7294:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7246:
7240:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7226:
7221:
7219:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7187:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7165:
7160:
7159:
7153:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7123:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7003:
6999:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6969:
6966:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6823:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6806:
6805:Cuiapo Pihibi
6803:
6800:
6799:Tuparro River
6796:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6781:Cinamco River
6778:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6752:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6728:
6727:Cuiloto River
6724:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6711:Orinoco River
6708:
6707:Vichada River
6704:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6689:Guahibo group
6688:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6614:Lorenzo group
6613:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6601:Samiria River
6598:
6595:
6592:
6591:Ucayali River
6588:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6526:Moríque group
6525:
6524:
6520:
6519:Marajó Island
6516:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6505:Marajó Island
6502:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6460:Yaroupi River
6457:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6437:
6436:Urucauá River
6433:
6430:
6427:
6426:Urucauá River
6424:, now on the
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6404:Urucauá River
6401:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6372:Marawan group
6371:
6370:
6366:
6365:Culuene River
6362:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6325:Meinacu River
6322:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6245:Miranda River
6242:
6239:
6236:
6235:Miranda River
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6213:Itiyuro River
6210:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6180:Juruena River
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6164:Guaporé River
6161:
6157:
6156:Cabaçal River
6153:
6149:
6148:Pareci-Cabixi
6145:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6124:Sucuriú River
6121:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6088:Paragúa River
6085:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6063:Paragúa River
6060:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5903:Ipurina group
5902:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5878:Camisia River
5875:
5872:
5869:
5865:
5864:Pijiria River
5861:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5836:Puncuri River
5833:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5758:Caspatá River
5755:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5610:Mantaro River
5607:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5592:Ucayali River
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5555:Marauiá River
5552:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:Uainumá group
5420:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5261:Castaño River
5258:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5247:Marauiá River
5244:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5116:Uaranacoacena
5114:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5074:Marauiá River
5071:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4938:Tariana group
4937:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4917:Puitana River
4914:
4911:
4908:
4907:Guainía River
4904:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4808:Seringa Upita
4805:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4760:Cadaupuritani
4757:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:Guainía River
4703:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4630:Atabapo River
4627:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4608:Orinoco River
4605:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4563:Maypure group
4562:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4524:Teviare River
4521:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4440:Sumapaz River
4437:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4406:Vichada River
4403:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4328:Setenta River
4325:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4308:Lengupa River
4305:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4250:Yaracuy River
4247:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4191:Guasape River
4188:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4145:Goajira group
4144:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:Central group
4040:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3903:Taino of Cuba
3901:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3831:
3830:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:Henri Ramirez
3155:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Nomatsiguenga
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2749:Bare-Guinao:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2721:Negro-Branco
2720:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2670:Lokono-Iñeri
2669:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:Lower Amazon
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:Karu-Tariana
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2144:Jumana-Pase:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:Mojo-Paunaka
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:Island branch
1632:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1589:Nomatsiguenga
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1110:Baure, Mojeño
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1028:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1003:
997:
996:
995:
992:
988:
974:
973:
972:
969:
965:
962:
960:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
942:
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
909:
908:
899:
898:
897:
895:
894:Henri Ramirez
885:
883:
879:
874:
872:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:
814:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
779:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
748:
746:
733:
731:
727:
722:
719:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
703:
699:
695:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
678:
674:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
658:
655:
654:
652:
641:
638:
635:
632:
631:
629:
627:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
594:
592:
588:
587:
585:
584:
583:
580:
579:
577:
575:
571:
563:
560:
559:
558:
553:
545:
542:
540:
533:
530:
528:
521:
518:
517:
516:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
457:
456:
453:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Witoto-Okaina
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:Mura-Matanawi
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
302:
300:
299:Austroasiatic
296:
292:
287:
286:lingua franca
283:
279:
269:
268:for details.
267:
265:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
164:
158:
153:
149:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
129:
125:
119:
116:
115:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
94:
93:
91:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:, except for
58:
57:South America
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
19332:Saparo–Yawan
19282:Arutani–Sape
19267:Macro-Panoan
19262:Macro-Paesan
19252:Macro-Jibaro
19237:Macro-Andean
19209:
19202:
19173:Lule–Vilelan
19143:
19136:
19099:
19092:
19080:
19055:
19033:
19026:
19019:
19012:
19005:
18998:
18991:
18979:
18972:
18965:
18958:
18941:
18916:
18907:
18846:Saparo–Yawan
18837:
18830:
18823:
18816:
18809:
18802:
18795:
18775:Pano–Tacanan
18773:
18746:
18708:
18701:
18684:
18678:and Ecuador)
18662:
18622:
18569:
18562:
18555:
18520:
18513:
18487:
18475:
18468:
18459:
18452:
18445:
18441:Arutani–Sape
18409:
18402:
18395:
18388:
18381:
18374:
18367:
18360:
18353:
18346:
18339:
18332:
18325:
18293:
18285:
18278:
18271:
18264:
18214:
18207:
18188:
18187:
18181:and isolates
18115:
18108:
18107:Families in
18042:
17993:
17891:
17879:
17729:
17697:
17688:Pano-Tacanan
17645:
17608:
17596:
17567:Arutani–Sape
17560:
17559:
17504:
17486:
17479:
17464:Oto-Manguean
17462:
17445:
17438:
17385:
17373:
17366:
17359:
17352:
17345:
17318:
17311:
17288:
17281:
17269:
17242:
17220:
17213:
17201:
17189:
17172:
17165:
17158:
17151:
17144:
17132:
17125:
17084:
17051:
17047:Western Daly
17025:Pama–Nyungan
17023:
17011:
17004:
16991:
16969:
16964:Eastern Daly
16962:
16954:
16909:
16785:
16773:
16751:
16734:
16712:
16683:Kaure–Kosare
16643:Doso–Turumsa
16633:Chimbu–Wahgi
16623:Bulaka River
16607:Austronesian
16605:
16566:
16559:
16540:
16527:
16520:
16513:
16439:
16432:
16425:
16415:Sino-Tibetan
16413:
16396:
16379:
16357:
16350:
16343:
16326:
16316:Austronesian
16314:
16307:
16295:
16241:
16179:Nilo-Saharan
16177:
16170:
16155:Austronesian
16153:
16146:
16083:
16076:
16069:
16062:
16055:
16045:
15876:Enawenê-Nawê
15586:Upper Amazon
15451:
15395:
15378:
15369:
15188:
15179:
15170:
15161:
15152:
15133:
15090:
15086:
15074:
15063:
15052:
15034:
15024:
15017:
15007:
14984:
14967:. (in press)
14955:
14950:
14930:
14921:
14912:
14903:
14895:the original
14890:
14880:
14871:
14862:
14853:
14844:
14835:
14814:
14805:
14796:
14787:
14776:
14747:
14731:
14695:
14685:
14649:
14639:
14620:
14569:
14540:
14507:
14502:
14494:
14489:
14481:
14476:
14465:. Retrieved
14432:
14428:
14376:
14363:'2nd person'
14355:'2nd person'
14190:*k(h)u(e)re
14166:*(y)enu(hʔ)
14163:'above, sky'
13910:*kamatha/ra
13891:'mouse, rat'
13782:*k(h)ape-di
13751:'bee, honey'
13722:*p(h)ɨkɨ-li
13654:*(i)di(-pi)
13341:sweet potato
13308:
12630:Katapolítani
11871:Preandine II
11847:Preandine II
11820:Preandine II
11792:Preandine II
11764:Preandine II
11761:Kushichineri
11738:Preandine II
10111:Katapolítani
9933:ni-wirechipa
9659:pialukipaulo
9556:yatela-chima
9348:Preandine II
9323:Preandine II
9295:Preandine II
9270:Preandine II
9243:Preandine II
9240:Kushichineri
9221:Preandine II
8257:
8227:
8223:
8221:
8199:
8149:
8137:
8081:Amazon basin
8065:
8054:
8044:
8034:
8027:
8017:
8007:
8003:
7993:
7982:
7980:
7868:*nu- or *ta-
7834:(mark agent)
7822:
7818:
7815:
7812:
7793:
7790:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7763:
7760:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7722:
7719:
7713:
7704:
7673:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7646:
7620:
7615:
7613:
7608:
7605:
7597:
7593:
7591:
7576:
7572:
7570:
7559:
7555:
7553:
7545:
7541:
7539:
7524:
7520:
7518:
7512:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7490:
7487:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7468:
7465:
7459:
7450:
7437:
7047:
7036:
7031:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6929:
6925:
6923:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6898:
6894:
6880:
6860:
6856:
6847:Güejar River
6842:
6838:
6829:Yucavo River
6824:
6819:Ariari River
6814:
6804:
6794:
6773:Arauca River
6756:
6746:
6736:
6722:
6716:
6703:Arauca River
6694:
6677:
6659:
6649:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6606:
6596:
6586:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6552:
6540:Javarí River
6535:
6531:
6514:
6500:
6496:
6479:
6469:
6456:Camopi River
6451:
6446:Uanarí River
6441:
6431:
6413:
6409:
6399:
6395:
6390:Curipi River
6381:
6377:
6357:Agavotocueng
6356:
6347:Batoví River
6342:
6338:
6334:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:Jatobá River
6304:Batoví River
6299:
6290:Batoví River
6285:
6269:Equiniquinao
6268:
6264:
6258:
6254:
6240:
6231:Galván River
6227:Yacaré River
6222:
6218:
6208:
6204:
6185:
6176:Burití River
6147:
6143:
6129:
6111:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6079:
6075:
6070:Paresi group
6058:
6053:Baures River
6048:
6043:Guapay River
6039:Mamoré River
6034:
6028:
6019:Blanco River
6014:
6010:
6001:Mamoré River
5996:
5992:
5988:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5951:Iquirí River
5934:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5887:
5873:
5859:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5813:
5803:
5800:Kushichineri
5799:
5785:
5771:
5767:
5754:Aquirí River
5745:
5731:
5726:Embira River
5717:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5681:
5667:
5663:
5647:
5637:
5632:Perené River
5627:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5550:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5512:Japurá River
5503:
5499:
5485:
5481:
5476:Jumana group
5464:
5460:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5405:
5401:
5396:Araicú group
5376:
5372:
5367:Araicú group
5355:
5351:
5347:
5327:Mamurá River
5322:
5318:
5308:
5298:
5293:Yukúna group
5286:Demini River
5282:Marari River
5277:
5273:
5256:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5229:Marari River
5224:
5219:Uirina group
5208:Uatuma River
5203:
5193:
5183:
5169:
5156:Uatuma River
5151:
5146:Lingua Geral
5142:Uatuma River
5133:
5120:Branco River
5115:
5101:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5030:
5012:
5008:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4960:Caiarí River
4947:
4943:
4927:Coatí-tapuya
4926:
4922:
4912:
4902:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4849:
4845:
4840:Cubate River
4835:
4831:
4817:
4813:
4799:
4795:
4782:Caiarí River
4777:
4773:
4769:
4759:
4755:
4752:Katapolítani
4751:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4724:Caiarí River
4719:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4637:Guinau group
4625:
4621:
4617:
4603:
4598:Guinau group
4591:Tipapa River
4587:Auvana River
4582:
4578:
4568:
4547:
4537:
4533:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:Arauca River
4483:
4477:
4468:Güejar River
4463:
4454:Herorú River
4449:
4445:
4431:
4425:
4420:Ariari River
4416:Güejar River
4411:
4397:
4392:Pereno River
4387:
4377:
4372:Burgua River
4367:
4357:
4352:Caparo River
4347:
4337:
4323:
4313:
4303:
4293:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4268:Tocuyo River
4263:
4245:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4205:Palmar River
4196:
4186:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4150:
4140:, Venezuela.
4138:Mavaca River
4133:
4123:
4119:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4081:Tacutu River
4076:
4071:Surumú River
4063:Tacutu River
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4028:Curipi River
4023:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3986:
3980:
3966:
3956:
3952:
3940:
3930:
3920:
3902:
3888:
3878:
3874:
3844:
3827:
3816:
3805:
3794:
3787:
3778:
3773:
3764:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3678:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3615:
3608:
3599:
3588:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3550:
3535:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3499:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3441:
3432:
3421:
3410:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3379:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3319:
3308:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3233:
3223:
3214:
3204:
3188:
3183:
3164:
3149:
3142:Lokono-Wayuu
3141:
3135:
3130:
3016:Enawenê-Nawê
2897:Island Carib
2873:
2867:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2812:
2795:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2756:
2750:
2734:
2724:
2709:
2699:
2690:
2680:
2674:
2661:
2654:
2641:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2609:-Caribbean:
2594:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2560:
2546:
2542:Enawene-Nawe
2540:
2526:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2373:
2363:
2357:
2352:Nomatsigenga
2350:
2330:
2320:
2314:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2210:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2177:
2164:
2154:
2145:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2090:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1966:
1963:
1794:
1721:
1689:Enawene Mawe
1674:
1646:Island Carib
1634:
1627:
1612:
1601:
1526:
1486:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1378:
1365:
1343:
1321:
1295:
1275:
1255:
1235:
1223:
1208:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1125:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1054:
1049:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1006:
998:
993:
975:
970:
963:
955:
950:
945:
933:
930:unclassified
929:
924:
919:
916:unclassified
915:
910:
891:
875:
868:
834:Pareci–Xingu
783:
777:
772:
768:
760:
756:
754:
742:
728:
683:
675:
656:
626:Ta-Maipurean
597:
591:Upper Amazon
589:
581:
567:
556:
547:
534:
522:
513:
503:
499:
495:
491:
489:
460:Ta-Maipurean
449:
316:Bora-Muinane
308:
295:Austronesian
277:
275:
263:
257:
249:
229:
227:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:
162:
112:Subdivisions
95:
52:distribution
19327:Quechumaran
19287:Bora–Witoto
19187:Far South (
19088:Uru–Chipaya
19064:Quechumaran
18949:Nambikwaran
18631:Bora–Witoto
18528:Ticuna–Yuri
18001:Germanosign
17905:Mura-Pirahã
17786:Lule–Vilela
17762:Bora-Witoto
17737:Uru–Chipaya
17710:Ticuna–Yuri
17693:Peba–Yaguan
17678:Nambikwaran
17481:Uto-Aztecan
17417:Mesoamerica
17271:Uto-Aztecan
17260:Tsimshianic
17222:Palaihnihan
17092:Malak-Malak
16829:Papuan Gulf
16803:West Papuan
16708:Lower Sepik
16698:Lakes Plain
16601:Arai–Samaia
16589:the Pacific
16297:Afroasiatic
16172:Niger–Congo
16148:Afroasiatic
16021:Matsiguenga
15933:Mashco Piro
14243:'to arrive'
14222:*katʃi(wi)
14182:*kep(h)idi
14078:*(a)šeni/a
13789:chigoe flea
13767:'crocodile'
13762:*kudɨ-pɨra
13743:'armadillo'
13702:*kɨtʃa(li)
13523:'excrement'
13367:'sun, heat'
13359:'water (n)'
13260:Arawak East
13232:Arawak West
11844:Huachipairi
11710:Preandine I
11707:Chontaquiro
11682:Preandine I
11655:Preandine I
11628:Preandine I
11601:Preandine I
11598:Chanchamayo
11573:Preandine I
11545:Preandine I
11352:Quiniquinao
10742:Arawak East
10714:Arawak West
10039:nabaitalísa
9715:shishi-kaba
9575:eitzaːmoapo
9543:pagluachima
9493:bämä bikaka
9320:Huachipairi
9211:hua-mianuta
9193:Preandine I
9190:Chontaquiro
9165:Preandine I
9143:Preandine I
9116:Preandine I
9090:Preandine I
9087:Chanchamayo
9062:Preandine I
9034:Preandine I
8845:Quiniquinao
8667:kamayunkula
8586:nu-teurzata
8167:Puerto Rico
7933:impersonal
7785:'He walks.'
7509:Classifiers
7027:Wayuu tribe
7015:Moho-Mbaure
7007:Quinquinaos
6990:, relative
6491:Aruan group
6294:Xingú River
6280:Waurá group
6265:Quiniquinao
6249:Jijui River
6199:Chané group
6168:Verde River
6160:Jaurú River
6134:Verde River
6084:Verde River
5943:Ituxí River
5939:Abuña River
5931:, Amazonas.
5921:Purus River
5854:Abuña River
5826:Mapuá River
5824:and on the
5822:Jutaí River
5804:Cushitineri
5786:Huachipairi
5780:Amigo River
5772:Mashco Piro
5762:Araçá River
5750:Purus River
5690:Caeté River
5682:Chontaquiro
5676:Inuya River
5642:Tambo River
5628:Chanchamayo
5547:, Amazonas.
5545:Lake Mapari
5508:Negro River
5494:Juami River
5490:Puruê River
5457:, Amazonas.
5416:, Amazonas.
5414:Jutai River
5391:, Amazonas.
5389:Juruá River
5385:Jutai River
5381:Juruá River
5331:Cuama River
5212:Negro River
5198:Negro River
5194:Caburichena
5188:Urubu River
5176:and around
5174:Aniba River
5160:Urubu River
5138:Negro River
5128:Araçá River
5124:Negro River
5110:Araçá River
5092:Araçá River
5088:Negro River
5064:Negro River
5042:Manáo group
5035:Siapa River
5017:Baria River
4931:Içana River
4893:Pacu-tapuya
4879:Içana River
4861:Ipéca group
4854:Aiari River
4850:Káua-tapuya
4822:Içana River
4804:Içana River
4790:Aiari River
4786:Içana River
4764:Içana River
4746:Içana River
4726:and on the
4696:Negro River
4663:Caura River
4488:Apure River
4436:Pasca River
4382:Cuite River
4258:Apure River
4215:Hacha River
3925:Puerto Rico
3626:Mato Grosso
3601:Mato Grosso
3240:Peripheral
3107:Joaquiniano
3069:Matsiguenga
2651:Wayuu-Añun
2477:Mashko Piro
2391:Asheninka:
2383:Ashaninka:
2359:Machiguenga
2076:Joaquiniano
1971:= extinct)
1628:Core branch
1585:Machiguenga
440:Tikuna-Yuri
436:Saliba-Hodi
396:Pano-Takana
19504:Categories
19198:Qawasqaran
19132:Guaicuruan
19101:Mapudungun
18937:Chapacuran
18851:Peba–Yagua
18786:Cahuapanan
18703:Yurumanguí
18287:Chiquitano
18260:Maxakalian
18168:(based on
17995:Francosign
17843:Chiquitano
17823:Alacalufan
17631:Guaicuruan
17604:Chapacuran
17587:Cahuapanan
17555:Araucanian
17458:Mixe–Zoque
17453:Misumalpan
17167:Comecrudan
17019:Nyulnyulan
16798:Upper Yuat
16775:Torricelli
16747:Senu River
16678:Foja Range
16584:New Guinea
16509:Burushaski
16370:Kartvelian
16345:Hmong–Mien
16161:Khoe–Kwadi
16031:Pucapucari
15900:Yawalapití
15229:Benjamins.
15016:. (1900).
14975:References
14581:. Manaus:
14467:2021-06-22
14331:'to stand'
14291:'to drink'
14251:'to sweep'
14214:*wada(li)
14174:*ma(h)tʃi
14158:*(ah)tɨnɨ
13995:'firewood'
13987:'firewood'
13934:*hiku(li)
13931:'tortoise'
13923:'tortoise'
13894:*kɨhi(ri)
13886:*a(h)bɨya
13871:'mosquito'
13478:*itha-hna
13354:*kahɨ(tɨ)
12393:notapíkata
12356:Payualiene
11837:nuyeshuata
11652:Maneteneri
11634:pishironta
11570:Machiganga
10510:ihikeitaub
10433:na-hólitsi
10235:mandalhípa
10151:mandalíapa
10005:bakunákali
9834:Payualiene
9765:marahunaka
9684:püthairama
9612:no-kabesui
9569:apaːhapené
9474:nu-ghapóle
9140:Maneteneri
9059:Machiganga
8611:kamayukule
8552:maʔa póxta
8527:shika-bená
8505:pe-xinháku
8254:Vocabulary
8226:Arawakan (
8219:combined.
8173:, and the
7925:*-thu, *-u
7919:*thu-, *u-
7874:*-na, *-te
7813:hape-ka-ni
7791:hape-ka-ni
7749:ri-kapa-ni
7720:ri-kapa-ni
7563:-medicine-
7501:face-ALIEN
7162:voiceless
6809:Tomo River
6765:Lipa River
6751:Bita River
6741:Meta River
6699:Meta River
6650:Chunatahua
6509:Uaçá River
6484:Oiac River
6474:Jarí River
6464:Pará River
6317:Yawarapiti
6152:Juba River
6029:Muchojeone
6015:Chiquimiti
5983:Mojo group
5976:Apolobamba
5929:Yaco River
5874:Pucapucari
5746:Maneteneri
5740:Manu River
5722:Murú River
5686:Iaco River
5668:Simirinche
5648:Machiringa
5606:Mashigango
5602:Ugunichire
5598:Machiganga
5533:Kayuishana
5439:Inabishana
5352:Rrah~nihin
5335:Meta River
5031:Cunipúsana
4889:Payoariene
4885:Payualiene
4818:Ira-tapuya
4728:Apui River
4674:Baré group
4655:Temomeyéme
4552:Vera River
4528:Zama River
4225:Coquibacoa
4211:Guanebucán
4173:Parawogwan
4067:Mahú River
3774:Pre-Andine
3647:Yawalapiti
3177:= extinct)
3024:Yawalapití
2921:Rio Branco
2910:Wayuunaiki
2682:Kalhiphona
2586:Yawalapiti
2500:Atlantic:
2471:Manchineri
2343:Pre-Andine
2050:Trinitario
1704:Yawalapití
1514:Trinitario
1236:Northeast
904:= extinct)
842:= Piro (5)
388:Nambikwara
376:Mapudungun
50:Geographic
19462:Languages
19431:Venezuela
19391:Argentina
19384:Countries
19375:Amazonian
18987:Mosetenan
18981:Canichana
18893:Katukinan
18888:Harákmbut
18839:Tequiraca
18710:Esmeralda
18697:Barbacoan
18653:Guajiboan
18592:Jirajaran
18547:Venezuela
18483:Otomacoan
18435:Yanomaman
18426:Venezuela
18362:Pankararú
18280:Rikbaktsá
18026:Tanzanian
17967:languages
17864:Hodï/Joti
17808:Isolates
17747:Yanomaman
17683:Otomákoan
17647:Jirajaran
17636:Guajiboan
17598:Catacaoan
17577:Barbacoan
17506:Cuitlatec
17475:Totonacan
17434:Jicaquean
17313:Chimariko
17209:Muskogean
17191:Kalapuyan
17185:Iroquoian
17160:Chumashan
17153:Chinookan
17146:Chimakuan
17064:Yangmanic
17059:Worrorran
17042:Wagaydyic
16932:Australia
16781:Trans-Fly
16447:Yeniseian
16434:Tyrsenian
16328:Dravidian
16070:Guajiboan
16006:Ashéninga
16001:Asháninka
15837:Chamicuro
15728:Kurripako
15643:Mandawaca
15638:Mainatari
15633:Kawishana
15606:Amarizana
15576:Wapishana
15520:Palikuran
15496:Parauhano
15468:Caribbean
15325:Data sets
15219:Brasília.
15064:Glottolog
15057:Routledge
14723:243563290
14677:242704551
14457:210985305
14449:1749-818X
14315:'to wash'
14267:'to give'
14259:'to give'
14219:'painful'
14102:*kaki(n)
14091:'brother'
14051:'tobacco'
13967:'manioc,
13959:'achiote'
13946:*mara-di
13939:'turkey,
13926:*si(n)pu
13907:'termite'
13874:*hainiyu
13834:*tsinu/i
13710:*k(h)iba
13694:*(i)dɨwɨ
13678:*kaɨlesa
13662:*pali-ši
13590:*k(h)apɨ
13534:*da-keni
13526:*(i)tika
13502:*t(h)aku
13362:*hu(ː)ni
13124:Paraujano
12991:Wapishána
12922:makanátsi
12854:Amarizana
12617:makanáchi
12561:makanáshi
12546:Uarequena
12533:makanashi
12105:adnoːhoki
12009:Cauishana
12006:Cauishana
11637:shantoshi
11625:Quirineri
11616:panguchik
11160:Yaulapíti
11051:Chamicuro
11048:Chamicuro
10986:aludpikli
10883:Guayabero
10869:mshaxaint
10737:da-kosai
10734:ue-babuhu
10611:Paraujano
10547:un-chigya
10538:dikiñerda
10488:ung-wawin
10482:dikinerda
10470:Wapishána
10449:abamédzya
10436:no-kabuhi
10406:na-bólihi
10378:nu-puriki
10375:nu-kibukú
10335:Amarizana
10067:mandalípa
10027:Uarequena
10014:hua-dósie
10011:klikúname
9967:kopi-vana
9961:pax-huída
9958:mandalite
9902:madaridda
9883:h'no-kápi
9793:nu-kiwída
9768:nun-huída
9740:fuiu-dagu
9693:nu-kuniki
9665:nu-kurika
9656:piarukuma
9597:ukvashumu
9521:uesikiéle
9484:Cauishana
9481:Cauishana
9437:mabäʔagua
9205:hue-xixua
9113:Quirineri
8982:ponotsiko
8757:nu-zoːtse
8754:no-tseːri
8704:aui-kachi
8670:nu-kurzyu
8664:purziñama
8655:Yaulapíti
8639:kamaukula
8583:kamaukula
8546:Chamicuro
8543:Chamicuro
8521:akápastoi
8377:Guayabero
8364:omopesiva
8345:pi-tahúto
8339:pe-matána
8240:Asháninca
8213:Guatemala
8209:Nicaragua
8135:as well.
8129:Argentina
8125:Guatemala
8113:Nicaragua
8101:Venezuela
7996:, Guyana.
7908:*-ri, *-i
7902:*ri-, *i-
7779:ri-emhani
7761:ri-emhani
7686:3PL-POSS-
7674:DEM.INAN-
7614:na-ni-ni-
7218:Fricative
7193:Affricate
7164:aspirated
7130:voiceless
7044:Phonology
7023:Venezuela
6956:instead.
6946:Maipurean
6938:Guajiboan
6924:The term
6907:Maipurean
6861:Guyaverun
6857:Guayabero
6843:Bisanigua
6761:Ele River
6660:Panatahua
6553:Chamicuro
6432:Caranariú
6400:Karipuere
6313:Yaulapíti
6255:Echoaladí
6106:Mahibarez
6035:Suberiono
5993:Ignaciano
5972:Aguachile
5935:Casharari
5860:Epetineri
5846:Canamirim
5732:Quirineri
5704:Sirineiri
5656:Ene River
5584:Kuruparia
5537:Noll-hína
5529:Cauishana
5516:Içá River
5469:Içá River
5455:Içá River
5451:Upi River
5313:Campoamor
5184:Caboquena
5084:Carihiahy
5013:Maldavaca
5009:Mandauáca
4970:Kumandene
4702:Uarequena
4548:Amarizana
4470:and near
4388:Queniquea
4165:Paraujano
4124:Maotityan
4109:, Guyana.
4047:Wapishana
3987:Caliponau
3921:Borinquen
3841:Varieties
3818:Chamicuro
3483:Mainatari
3444:Rio Negro
3381:Paraujano
3248:Mandawaka
3192:-Colombia
3103:Carmelito
3089:Ashéninka
3084:Asháninka
2893:Maritime
2884:Chamicuro
2846:Wapishana
2736:Mainatari
2637:Caribbean
2593:Waraiku:
2418:Ashininka
2386:Ashaninka
2253:Mandawaka
2125:Kinikinau
2092:Paikoneka
2082:Muxojeone
2044:Ignaciano
2007:Chamikuro
1997:Aguachile
1930:Kurripako
1912:Guarekena
1908:Mandawaka
1662:Paraujano
1607:Chamicuro
1576:Asheninka
1554:Manxineri
1518:Ignaciano
1492:Kinikinau
1471:Northeast
1301:Chamicuro
1167:Palikur,
1148:Paraujano
1144:Guajiro,
1119:Kinikinao
1041:Bahuana,
882:Wapishana
858:Chamicuro
802:Caribbean
784:Maipurean
668:Chamicuro
621:Wapishana
582:Maipurean
496:Nu-Arawak
492:Ta-Arawak
446:Languages
328:Harakmbet
272:Dispersal
266:Maipurean
262:Arawakan
258:Maipurean
242:Venezuela
228:The name
181:Maipurean
142:Glottolog
128:ISO 639-5
77:Caribbean
45:Maipurean
19441:Suriname
19421:Paraguay
19406:Colombia
19168:Huarpean
19163:Charruan
19158:Zamucoan
19153:Mascoyan
19127:Matacoan
19069:Quechuan
18993:Yuracaré
18960:Cayubaba
18954:Bororoan
18909:Matanawí
18856:Zaparoan
18825:Taushiro
18797:Candoshi
18791:Jivaroan
18686:Chibchan
18676:Colombia
18641:Witotoan
18624:Tucanoan
18606:Colombia
18587:Timotean
18582:Tiniguan
18543:Colombia
18369:Tarairiú
18348:Katembri
18316:Karirian
18255:Krenakan
18240:Jabutian
18227:Macro-Jê
18189:Arawakan
18059:See also
18036:Isolates
18011:Japanese
17951:Yuracaré
17833:Candoshi
17792:Macro-Jê
17757:Zaparoan
17752:Zamucoan
17742:Witotoan
17725:Tucanoan
17720:Tiniguan
17715:Timotean
17699:Quechuan
17668:Matacoan
17663:Mascoian
17653:Jivaroan
17616:Chibchan
17610:Charruan
17561:Arawakan
17498:Isolates
17429:Chibchan
17305:Isolates
17277:Wakashan
17238:Salishan
17180:Eskaleut
17086:Giimbiyu
17078:Isolates
16987:Jarrakan
16982:Iwaidjan
16839:Isolates
16693:Kutubuan
16561:Sumerian
16497:Isolates
16452:Yukaghir
16421:Tungusic
16387:Mongolic
16375:Koreanic
16334:Eskaleut
16225:Isolates
16209:Ubangian
16016:Caquinte
16011:Axininca
15943:Kanamaré
15895:Mehináku
15886:Saraveca
15871:Custenau
15847:Yanesha'
15823:Southern
15805:Shiriana
15779:Yavitero
15674:Warekena
15668:Resígaro
15616:Cabiyari
15571:Parawana
15566:Mawayana
15560:Mapidian
15542:Pidjanan
15491:Kalinago
15486:Garífuna
15481:Caquetio
15460:Northern
15452:Arawakan
15207:Lexicons
15117:21247954
14960:Archived
14939:Archived
14773:(1968).
14740:Archived
14693:(2020).
14647:(2020).
14628:Archived
14613:Archived
14590:Archived
14574:Archived
14545:Archived
14523:, Belem.
14512:Archived
14461:Archived
14385:See also
14339:'to dig'
14323:'to eat'
14299:'to fly'
14275:'to cry'
14254:*pɨ(da)
14206:*šɨpule
14198:*kipa/e
14179:'bitter'
14062:*a(n)da
14027:'pepper'
14014:*katʃau
14003:'flower'
13982:*pini/a
13954:*hani/e
13863:'monkey'
13847:'lizard'
13802:*kopaki
13770:*kasi/u
13738:*manaci
13727:'animal'
13619:'tongue'
13414:*-(a)pu
13255:kudibiu
13227:narguti
13222:tuhonoko
13174:bogiael
13113:m/piichi
13073:Mapidian
13047:Mapidian
13044:Mapidian
12935:Yavitero
12895:dzyomuki
12857:Caquetio
12829:Caquetio
12801:Caquetio
12770:Máulieni
12742:Hohodene
12686:Moriwene
12602:Carútana
12574:Adzáneni
12384:Curipaco
12303:Chiriána
12300:Chiriána
12088:Resigaro
12085:Resigaro
11817:Kanamaré
11643:pangocha
11582:buriente
11560:pangótsi
11526:atokantí
11382:Apolista
11355:Apolista
11258:kozeːtoː
11132:Kustenau
11104:Mehináku
11069:maxtódli
10983:paitipin
10958:arudeika
10937:Caripurá
10772:Language
10763:da-kuti
10757:da-kushi
10709:nu-guti
10606:to-o'ui
10575:ng-nkowa
10557:Mapidian
10529:Mapidian
10526:Mapidian
10507:pauitegh
10504:petaghpa
10460:na-uízyi
10457:in-chéue
10452:abiamáka
10416:Yavitero
10409:naː-bipo
10400:yabébuli
10338:Caquetio
10310:Caquetio
10282:Caquetio
10266:nhe-wída
10263:madalíde
10251:Máulieni
10232:dzamhépa
10223:Hohodene
10207:madalída
10179:madálida
10167:Moriwene
10117:apadátsa
10089:aʔapetsa
10083:Carútana
10061:apékutsa
10055:Adzáneni
10036:dauntása
10020:hua-kabi
10017:hua-oíti
10008:pekúname
9930:madelipa
9877:lyi-wida
9862:Curipaco
9846:madalída
9840:apádacha
9818:madarida
9784:Chiriána
9781:Chiriána
9774:nun-kapi
9771:nau-hini
9746:nu-khapi
9668:nu-kaité
9662:nu-küuna
9628:puyabana
9578:whe-bühe
9572:eytzaːmo
9566:Resigaro
9563:Resigaro
9515:paxlúasa
9418:no-ghapi
9298:satibika
9292:Kanamaré
9100:nu-china
8876:Apolista
8848:Apolista
8748:hiːnamaː
8726:no-seurí
8676:nu-irika
8648:ni-uríko
8645:nu-titái
8627:Kustenau
8617:nu-titái
8599:Mehináku
8589:nu-titái
8564:u-chíxpa
8508:pe-aynáu
8496:dekuráma
8480:i-wak-ti
8449:pi-taibi
8431:Caripurá
8421:pi-taibi
8390:magneten
8342:pe-wánto
8336:akuoíebi
8267:Language
8259:Loukotka
8248:Yanesha'
8236:Garifuna
8205:Honduras
8201:Garífuna
8195:refugees
8145:Congaree
8133:Paraguay
8117:Honduras
8109:Colombia
8089:Suriname
8033:Passes,
8014:Cauixana
7950:*i-, *a-
7839:Suffixes
7832:Prefixes
7794:be.cold-
7700:CL:HOUSE
7692:CL:HOUSE
7688:CL:HOUSE
7684:CL:HOUSE
7680:CL:HOUSE
7676:CL:HOUSE
7655:na-tape-
7630:CL:HOUSE
7600:CL:HOUSE
7586:CL:HOUSE
7565:CL:HOUSE
7554:na-tape-
7548:CL:HOUSE
7534:CL:HOUSE
7479:1SG-face
7068:Alveolar
6926:Arawakan
6919:Arawakan
6911:Maipuran
6851:El Piñal
6757:Chiricoa
6717:Dialects
6666:between
6628:Amuescha
6597:Cutinana
6587:Maparina
6567:Chicluna
6536:Mayoruna
6442:Tocoyene
6414:Parikurú
6396:Caripurá
6335:Mehináku
6321:Ualapiti
6300:Kustenáu
6259:Choarana
6186:Uariteré
6144:Kozariní
6112:Caxinití
6102:Maimbari
6041:and the
5997:Morocosi
5964:Apolista
5888:Tucurina
5842:Kanamare
5356:Rosigaro
5348:Resigaro
5278:Barauána
5274:Chiriána
5243:Hobacana
5239:Jabâ-ana
5152:Dapatarú
5134:Arauaqui
5052:Oremanao
4988:Cabuyarí
4956:Yauareté
4903:Curipaco
4846:Maulieni
4836:Huhúteni
4832:Hohodene
4796:Moriwene
4738:Corecarú
4734:Carútana
4712:Adzáneni
4626:Yavitano
4618:Yavitero
4573:Maipures
4538:Camaniba
4478:Aricagua
4464:Eperigua
4338:Chacanta
4246:Caquetío
4203:and the
4169:Parancan
4120:Mapidian
4095:Attaraye
4059:Uapixana
4055:Wapityan
4051:Matisana
3981:Naparina
3975:Trinidad
3957:Allouage
3947:Islands.
3915:Quivicán
3859:Loukotka
3847:Loukotka
3603:-Palikur
3568:Parawana
3559:Wapixana
3552:Mawayana
3543:Pidjanan
3492:Yabahana
3365:Antilles
3293:Resígaro
3283:Kabiyari
3264:Koripako
3235:Kauixana
3184:Arawakan
3136:Maritime
3079:Caquinte
3033:Mehináku
3007:Central
2986:Yavitero
2977:Orinoco
2956:Resígaro
2931:Mawayana
2926:Wapixana
2901:Garífuna
2879:Yanesha'
2874:Arawakan
2837:Parawana
2814:Mawayana
2676:Garifuna
2607:Solimões
2573:Mehinaku
2562:Kustenau
2528:Saraveka
2453:Kanamare
2322:Yavitero
2291:Resigaro
2247:Warekena
2236:Wainambu
2196:Kuripako
2179:Kabiyari
2166:Kaishana
2140:Putumayo
2104:Terena:
2017:Paraguai
1939:Karutana
1862:Kauixana
1853:Cabiyari
1844:Resígaro
1813:Yavitero
1782:Wapixana
1778:Mawayana
1713:Mehináku
1684:Saraveka
1650:Garífuna
1567:Caquinte
1466:Arawakan
1458:Bayesian
1224:Arawakan
1211:Bayesian
1188:Pareci,
1139:Caquetio
1115:Tereno,
1058:Mawayana
1037:Wirina,
983:Guinau,
964:Resígaro
959:Kauixana
937:Yumana,
911:Arawakan
896:(2001):
878:Mawayana
769:Maritime
765:Apolista
630:Palikur
617:Mapidian
574:Yavitero
480:= Purus,
368:Macro-Jê
352:Kayuvava
348:Kawapana
199:and the
187:), is a
173:Arawakan
148:araw1281
120:Southern
117:Northern
96:Arawakan
40:Arawakan
18:Maipuran
19416:Ecuador
19396:Bolivia
19347:Amerind
19145:Payaguá
19114:–Pampas
19082:Puquina
19074:Aymaran
19045:Andes (
19028:Irantxe
18967:Itonama
18832:Urarina
18818:Waorani
18811:Munichi
18804:Omurano
18748:Mochica
18737:Chimuan
18692:Chocoan
18664:Puinave
18658:Nadahup
18571:Andaquí
18541:Andes (
18509:Sáliban
18447:Arutani
18422:Orinoco
18209:Cariban
18109:italics
18086:Pidgins
18071:Creoles
18021:Swedish
17989:Chinese
17936:Urarina
17921:Puinave
17875:Itonama
17869:Irantxe
17838:Chimane
17768:Chimuan
17673:Nadahup
17592:Cariban
17572:Aymaran
17533:America
17375:Waikuri
17368:Tonkawa
17361:Timucua
17354:Takelma
17347:Siuslaw
17336:Kutenai
17320:Esselen
17283:Wintuan
17244:Shastan
17215:Na-Dene
17203:Maiduan
17140:Caddoan
17114:America
17068:Wagiman
17066:(incl.
17037:Tangkic
16977:Garawan
16950:Bunuban
16911:Tambora
16878:Maybrat
16846:Abinomn
16769:Teberan
16730:Pauwasi
16720:Mairasi
16688:Kiwaian
16568:Tambora
16554:Shompen
16536:Kusunda
16529:Kenaboi
16515:Elamite
16487:Siangic
16469:Kho-Bwa
16463:Hrusish
16381:Kra–Dai
16365:Japonic
16274:Eurasia
16249:Sandawe
16232:Bangime
16197:Songhay
16084:Puquina
16077:Munichi
15964:Lapachu
15923:Iñapari
15918:Apurinã
15842:Morique
15830:Western
15769:Maipure
15733:Tariana
15696:Yabaâna
15685:Wainumá
15679:Waraikú
15663:Piapoco
15648:Mariaté
15555:Atorada
15550:Aroaqui
15532:Palikúr
15527:Marawan
15501:Shebaya
15287:Mouton.
15189:Maipure
15108:3136831
14358:*(a)pi
14278:*(i)ya
14238:*putsi
14235:'sweet'
14147:'dream'
14139:'house'
14126:*kuhko
14115:'woman'
14094:*p(h)e
14046:*(a)ki
14011:'grass'
13998:*tsɨma
13969:cassava
13899:'tapir'
13881:peccary
13858:*(i)ni
13855:'louse'
13794:*iditu
13707:'stone'
13699:'smoke'
13686:*tʃapu
13683:'night'
13667:'earth'
13635:'mouth'
13630:*tʃɨra
13606:*tsiwi
13542:*ukɨ/e
13475:'blood'
13470:*wahku
13430:*-pana
13422:*(a)pu
13403:'snake'
13385:hammock
13378:*ketʃi
13370:*kamui
13277:baʔache
13238:vuniabu
13179:T. Cusa
13163:boinial
13133:chigigá
13127:Goajira
13119:wuchii
13098:Goajira
13095:Goajira
13079:chikasi
13070:Mawakwa
13053:hikesia
13022:Central
12994:Central
12947:kámothi
12925:paníshi
12919:amoːshi
12883:Maypure
12880:Maypure
12826:Piapoco
12807:chichái
12798:Achagua
12788:panítsi
12773:Baré II
12745:Baré II
12717:Baré II
12714:Mapanai
12689:Baré II
12661:Baré II
12620:pánishi
12494:Tariana
12491:Cauyari
12481:pánishi
12466:Tariana
12463:Tariana
12315:makanáu
12251:Yabaána
12210:yuanati
12176:ghügati
12130:kakoaka
12018:mawoaká
11962:sömanlú
11925:Uainumá
11922:Mariaté
11897:Uainumá
11894:Uainumá
11884:kichäpo
11834:panichi
11831:shishie
11828:ghasirü
11773:takachi
11747:takuati
11735:Inapari
11610:pahuasi
11554:tawánti
11523:chaminá
11517:Ipurina
11514:Ipurina
11488:Paicone
11379:Lapachu
11367:osopóro
11311:tsoporo
11252:irigate
11243:Waimare
11224:irikati
11203:kozeheo
11066:axkóchi
11060:mosóxko
11041:háwuits
11029:ashkómi
11023:Moríque
11020:Moríque
10968:Marawan
10965:Palicur
10940:Marawan
10930:oldogri
10913:Marawan
10910:Marawan
10886:Guahibo
10860:Guahibo
10857:Churuya
10850:métsaha
10844:hetsóto
10832:Guahibo
10829:Guahibo
10804:Lorenzo
10801:Amoishe
10760:da-kapo
10731:da-kusi
10706:nu-kabo
10664:T. Cusa
10659:u-gúti
10614:Goajira
10603:ta-japü
10594:apünüin
10585:Goajira
10582:Goajira
10569:un-kaua
10566:tamarsa
10563:woaraka
10554:Mawakwa
10501:Central
10485:aita-ma
10476:bayadap
10473:Central
10430:nu-síhu
10425:tsináha
10422:hasiáua
10403:no-bóhu
10394:peyaːlo
10381:nu-kapi
10372:apekiva
10363:Maypure
10360:Maypure
10353:nu-kagi
10328:nu-kapi
10322:nú-wita
10319:maísiba
10316:putsíba
10307:Piapoco
10300:nu-kuhe
10294:nú-rita
10279:Achagua
10272:nu-kápi
10260:dzamáde
10257:apahede
10254:Baré II
10244:nu-kápi
10238:hi-wída
10226:Baré II
10216:nu-kápi
10210:ni-wída
10204:dzamáda
10198:Baré II
10195:Mapanai
10188:nu-kapi
10182:n-iwida
10170:Baré II
10160:nu-kapi
10154:ni-uíta
10142:Baré II
10132:nu-kápi
10126:ní-wida
10120:dzamáta
10104:no-kopü
10076:nu-kapi
10070:nu-wída
10064:dzámana
10048:no-kapi
10033:apáhesa
9992:nu-kapi
9977:Tariana
9974:Cauyari
9964:pa-tída
9955:yamáite
9949:Tariana
9946:Tariana
9939:nu-kápi
9927:yamhépa
9924:aphépai
9911:no-kápi
9899:yamádda
9874:madálda
9855:nu-kápí
9849:nu-wida
9827:nu-kápi
9821:nú-wida
9762:mahoren
9728:Yabaána
9721:li-kaue
9718:na-kuke
9696:nu-ghai
9690:nu-küuy
9687:tükahui
9640:ni-kabu
9609:na-kosi
9606:ni-siuy
9581:wa-tnih
9549:uzíkele
9530:no-yola
9502:na-gúbi
9465:mapeana
9462:pakéana
9446:no-gabí
9412:no-bida
9406:mechema
9403:apakeri
9400:Uainumá
9397:Mariaté
9390:no-gápi
9387:no-tóhi
9381:matsüke
9378:macháma
9375:apágeri
9372:Uainumá
9369:Uainumá
9354:gundupa
9329:gundupa
9313:nu-muyú
9282:wi-bere
9257:no-yate
9254:u-shiwe
9246:sátepia
9218:Inapari
9183:hue-mio
9128:pi-hita
9095:kipachi
9074:no-yito
9071:mahuani
9024:oa-kutí
9006:Ipurina
9003:Ipurina
8996:i-vuaki
8976:Paicone
8967:i-huike
8921:nu-bupe
8915:nu-xuti
8893:hua-nia
8888:ya-tuni
8873:Lapachu
8823:paisuan
8760:nu-kahe
8751:hanámaː
8739:Waimare
8729:nu-dúse
8695:anahama
8673:nu-ritä
8636:mepiáma
8620:nu-kapu
8608:mepiáma
8605:pauítsa
8592:nu-kapi
8580:mepiáua
8561:ax-chái
8558:o-káski
8549:padláka
8524:shikará
8518:Moríque
8515:Moríque
8499:nkeduke
8493:auseire
8477:i-teibi
8462:Marawan
8459:Palicur
8446:i-tiuti
8437:pabereː
8434:Marawan
8418:pi-tiui
8406:Marawan
8403:Marawan
8396:fuʔuten
8380:Guahibo
8355:Guahibo
8352:Churuya
8333:nahuaxu
8327:Guahibo
8324:Guahibo
8299:Lorenzo
8296:Amoishe
8183:Spanish
8179:English
8175:Bahamas
8171:Jamaica
8077:Bolivia
7983:marisi,
7498:tiho-ti
7488:tiho-ti
7482:my face
7476:no-tiho
7466:no-tiho
7357:Central
7271:Vibrant
7249:Lateral
7087:Glottal
7077:palatal
7011:Layanas
6895:Maipure
6849:and in
6825:Catarro
6795:Sicuane
6723:Cuiloto
6695:Guahibo
6682:Huánuco
6668:Coyumba
6636:Lorenzo
6620:Amoishe
6563:, Peru.
6532:Moríque
6480:Mapruan
6410:Palicur
6378:Marawan
6339:Meinacu
6209:Izoceño
6130:Waimaré
6059:Paicone
5968:Lapachu
5917:Kangiti
5913:Apurimã
5909:Ipurina
5832:Puncuri
5768:Inapari
5674:on the
5638:Catongo
5551:Pariana
5543:and on
5486:Shomana
5465:Muriaté
5461:Mariaté
5435:Wainumá
5427:Uainumá
5406:Waraikú
5377:Maragua
5235:Yabaána
5102:Bahuana
5062:on the
4980:Cauyari
4958:on the
4952:Ipanoré
4944:Tariana
4814:Mapanai
4756:Acayaca
4720:Izaneni
4688:Arihini
4659:Quinhau
4651:Guniare
4569:Maypure
4498:Piapoco
4484:Achagua
4432:Sutagao
4412:Guayupe
4398:Chucuna
4324:Cocaima
4151:Goajira
4134:Mawakwa
4077:Amariba
4024:Eastern
4018:Western
4008:Luccumi
4004:Aruaqui
3945:Bahamas
3935:Jamaica
3907:Jiguaní
3879:Nitaino
3829:Moríque
3808:Ucayali
3796:Amuesha
3756:Apurinã
3742:Iñapari
3698:Bolivia
3617:Palikur
3590:Shebayo
3577:Aroaqui
3509:Bahuana
3500:Central
3442:Middle
3423:Waraiku
3372:Guajiro
3363:Amazon-
3349:Maipure
3322:Orinoco
3277:Achagua
3271:Piapoco
3116:Paunaka
3050:Iñapari
3045:Apurinã
2996:Maipure
2961:Tariana
2946:Achagua
2941:Piapoco
2889:Palikur
2831:Atorada
2797:Yabaana
2701:Shebayo
2673:Iñeri:
2643:Kaketio
2621:Palikur
2612:Marawan
2596:Waraiku
2537:Tapajós
2522:Tapajós
2518:Guaporé
2512:Palikur
2503:Marawan
2493:Eastern
2445:Iñapari
2438:Apurinã
2375:Kakinte
2332:Maipure
2309:Orinoco
2273:Wainuma
2264:Mariate
2229:Piapoko
2223:Achagua
2203:Tariana
2174:Nawiki
2067:Baure:
2057:Paunaka
2026:Guaporé
1991:Western
1984:Yanesha
1921:Tariana
1899:Piapoco
1895:Achagua
1880:Wainumá
1876:Mariaté
1804:Maipure
1751:Bahuana
1666:Guajiro
1618:Waraicu
1603:Amuesha
1545:Iñapari
1536:Apurinã
1480:Palikúr
1476:Marawan
1297:Amuesha
1157:Eastern
1135:Taino;
1081:Waraiku
1033:Manao,
1010:Maipure
925:Western
871:Morique
852:Amuesha
828:Lapachu
761:Western
745:Magiana
713:Paunaka
677:Central
662:Amuesha
640:Marawán
634:Palikur
613:Atorada
605:(Aroã)
570:extinct
544:Morique
532:Lapachu
520:Shebaye
452:extinct
420:Urarina
392:Omurano
380:Mochika
336:Irantxe
320:Guahibo
230:Maipure
220:stock.
210:Uruguay
206:Ecuador
92: ?
65:Uruguay
61:Ecuador
19436:Guyana
19401:Brazil
19204:Yaghan
19178:Chonan
19138:Guachí
19007:Aikanã
18974:Movima
18918:Trumai
18883:Arawan
18868:Amazon
18761:Amazon
18614:Vaupés
18610:Japurá
18602:Amazon
18577:Paezan
18489:Yaruro
18397:Xukurú
18341:Baenan
18334:Gamela
18327:Taruma
18321:Purían
18250:Karajá
18245:Kamakã
18216:Tupian
17984:BANZSL
17946:Yamana
17931:Trumai
17900:Movima
17854:Fulniô
17817:Aikanã
17731:Tupian
17626:Chonan
17550:Arauan
17488:Xincan
17440:Lencan
17393:Yokuts
17290:Yukian
17255:Tanoan
17250:Siouan
17233:Pomoan
17174:Coosan
17000:Mirndi
16893:Porome
16888:Pawaia
16742:Senagi
16714:Madang
16663:Eleman
16618:Border
16549:Nihali
16542:Minoan
16522:Hattic
16504:Basque
16475:Mijiic
16457:Digaro
16441:Uralic
16427:Turkic
16278:Europe
16135:Africa
16056:Arauán
15979:Terêna
15928:Cararí
15881:Paresí
15795:Kariaí
15774:Marawá
15764:Guinao
15723:Baniwa
15707:Yumana
15702:Yucuna
15690:Wiriná
15653:Mepuri
15611:Anauyá
15601:Achawa
15476:Lokono
15387:344482
15385:
15195:
15140:
15115:
15105:
15041:
14999:
14991:
14721:
14711:
14675:
14665:
14455:
14447:
14435:(12).
14366:*yama
14342:*kika
14334:*dɨma
14326:*nika
14318:*kiba
14310:*kema
14294:*itha
14286:*kama
14230:*kɨra
14195:'cold'
14155:'path'
14150:*tapu
14134:*hewi
14070:*mina
14059:'tree'
14054:*yɨma
14043:'seed'
14038:*pale
14035:'root'
14022:*pana
14019:'leaf'
14006:*dewi
13990:*dika
13974:*kani
13951:'wasp'
13915:'toad'
13902:*kema
13866:*pude
13850:*dupu
13842:*auli
13826:*pimi
13810:*hima
13807:'fish'
13799:'fish'
13759:'bird'
13754:*maba
13746:*yeti
13730:*pɨra
13717:agouti
13691:'salt'
13675:'lake'
13670:*kɨpa
13651:'tail'
13646:*mata
13643:'skin'
13638:*numa
13622:*nene
13614:*kawa
13603:'horn'
13598:*kiwɨ
13595:'head'
13587:'hand'
13579:'hair'
13574:*kipa
13571:'foot'
13518:*huba
13510:*kɨri
13494:*tenɨ
13483:'bone'
13462:*dana
13451:'dust'
13446:*-phe
13438:*pana
13435:'leaf'
13419:'path'
13390:*maka
13351:'moon'
13346:*kali
13337:manioc
13272:hadali
13269:hikiki
13263:Guiana
13247:marisi
13244:hadali
13235:Guiana
13208:Island
13182:Island
13154:Island
13058:mariki
13019:Atorai
13009:kaburn
12975:gamũhũ
12966:Guinau
12963:Guinau
12953:fanisi
12938:Baníva
12910:Baníva
12907:Baníva
12898:panití
12892:kamosi
12866:keybin
12863:eriepi
12860:sietai
12835:kichéi
12816:banísi
12723:tiidzé
12633:Baré I
12611:tídzye
12605:Baré I
12583:dzídze
12577:Baré I
12564:panízi
12555:ixsíde
12549:Baré I
12527:gaméni
12521:Baré I
12508:panetí
12500:hirari
12472:chiána
12346:pánthi
12340:körzyi
12318:páinti
12284:ríkari
12278:Uirina
12275:Anauya
12254:Uirina
12226:Uirina
12223:Uirina
12207:ghamui
12195:Cariay
12143:Araicú
12140:Araicú
12124:kumétu
12115:Marawa
12112:Marawa
12100:weheːx
12072:kaʔamu
12065:Yukúna
12037:Yukúna
12034:Yukúna
11987:heghüe
11981:Jumana
11953:Jumana
11950:Jumana
11940:panisi
11931:ichepa
11912:panísi
11909:pexkia
11906:ghamui
11903:icheba
11868:Mashco
11801:tʔkati
11789:Cuniba
11725:panchi
11716:chichi
11697:panchi
11688:chichi
11640:shinki
11613:siinki
11607:paneni
11591:kemari
11588:imbako
11579:chichi
11563:kemáli
11551:chichi
11425:nupena
11364:kadzyé
11342:ovongu
11339:soporó
11324:Terena
11285:sopóro
11264:koːtuí
11246:Paresí
11230:kózoto
11218:Paresí
11215:Paresí
11200:káʔane
11197:rikiai
11191:Paresí
11188:Sarave
11057:káxchi
11054:uníxsa
10980:mahikí
10974:tikéti
10946:tiketí
10919:tiketi
10892:giptan
10841:ikatia
10813:yumpór
10775:Branch
10754:da-shi
10745:Guiana
10728:da-shi
10717:Guiana
10700:ishöké
10689:Island
10667:Island
10642:Island
10597:te-kii
10572:ng-oso
10560:apaura
10544:un-oso
10532:chioñi
10519:un-kei
10516:na-win
10498:Atorai
10479:yaitam
10463:n-kábi
10446:Guinau
10443:Guinau
10419:Baníva
10397:enaːba
10391:Baníva
10388:Baníva
10369:apanum
10366:papeta
10350:no-tuy
10347:nu-ita
10325:nu-tui
10297:nu-tói
10291:matavi
10288:chamay
10269:nu-thi
10241:nu-thi
10185:nu-thí
10176:zamáda
10145:apaíta
10129:au-thí
10123:mádali
10114:Baré I
10101:nu-thi
10098:nú-ita
10095:mádali
10092:ntsáme
10086:Baré I
10073:nu-thi
10058:Baré I
10045:nó-bui
10042:nó-iua
10030:Baré I
10002:Baré I
9986:no-üte
9871:yamáde
9852:nu-thí
9843:yamáda
9815:yamada
9799:nu-nái
9759:ahiari
9756:Uirina
9753:Anauya
9731:Uirina
9706:Uirina
9703:Uirina
9675:Cariay
9653:panimu
9622:Araicú
9619:Araicú
9603:ghebeñ
9594:Marawa
9591:Marawa
9584:waː-kí
9546:xeyama
9540:Yukúna
9527:nux-lú
9524:nu-ilá
9512:Yukúna
9509:Yukúna
9490:mätalá
9487:bälämo
9471:chi-ló
9468:ni-óla
9459:apeala
9456:Jumana
9434:liágua
9428:Jumana
9425:Jumana
9415:no-doi
9384:ba-ita
9345:Mashco
9336:ya-kuk
9307:nu-xüi
9285:wö-miu
9279:yi-hwö
9267:Cuniba
9260:nó-min
9208:we-ari
9202:nokiri
9196:suriti
9177:we-iwé
9065:pániro
9018:i-kiwi
9015:mapáka
9009:hatiká
8993:ni-kis
8985:baniki
8946:nu-ake
8943:i-kise
8940:ni-póã
8912:impúse
8906:ikapia
8860:do-otí
8851:poikuá
8832:do-otí
8817:Terena
8804:do-otí
8745:hakida
8742:Paresí
8732:nu-kau
8717:hatita
8714:Paresí
8711:Paresí
8698:no-eve
8686:Paresí
8683:Sarave
8642:nu-téu
8633:paúdza
8614:nu-tau
8555:kídlko
8530:p-dóko
8502:p-küue
8468:pitána
8452:pu-áko
8424:pu-aku
8412:tsálie
8361:kabale
8302:pachía
8270:Branch
8244:Terêna
8217:Belize
8141:Cusabo
8121:Belize
8093:Guyana
8085:Brazil
8055:mainki
8004:mahisi
7994:marisi
7990:Lokono
7899:3NFEM
7888:*(h)i-
7885:*(p)i-
7848:person
7671:-mahka
7669:dapana
7665:dapana
7661:dapana
7659:na-ya-
7657:dapana
7653:dapana
7649:dapana
7624:-make-
7618:-mahka
7616:dapana
7594:dapana
7573:dapana
7571:na-ya-
7556:dapana
7542:dapana
7521:dapana
7100:voiced
7063:Dental
7058:Labial
7009:, the
6965:living
6942:Arawan
6915:Arawak
6903:Arawak
6899:Arawak
6839:Chumya
6787:, and
6747:Amorúa
6709:, and
6678:Chusco
6672:Monzón
6624:Amlsha
6607:Tibilo
6573:Aguano
6515:Sacaca
6470:Tucujú
6452:Macapá
6382:Maraon
6343:Mináko
6241:Terena
6223:Layano
6178:, and
6122:, and
6094:Parecí
6080:Zarabe
6076:Sarave
6023:Baures
5814:Cuniba
5760:, and
5700:Mashco
5692:, and
5620:, and
5580:Thampa
5576:Atzíri
5514:, and
5482:Jumana
5431:Ajuano
5402:Araicú
5373:Marawa
5333:, and
5309:Matapí
5299:Yukúna
5257:Anauyá
5225:Uirina
5178:Saracá
5164:Saracá
5126:, and
5094:, and
5080:Cariay
5060:Manaus
5023:, and
4984:Acaroa
4966:Iyäine
4716:Adyána
4643:Guinau
4622:Pareni
4604:Baníva
4534:Maniba
4516:Cabere
4450:Choque
4446:Chocue
4368:Burgua
4348:Caparo
4314:Yaguai
4294:Aviamo
4288:Auyama
4284:Tororó
4272:Carera
4264:Ajagua
4256:, and
4221:Cosina
4091:Atorai
4069:, and
4012:Locono
4000:Arawak
3969:Nepuya
3941:Lucaya
3931:Yamaye
3913:, and
3911:Bayano
3861:(1968)
3806:Lower
3789:Pozuzo
3766:Cararí
3723:Tereno
3717:Mojeño
3680:Sarave
3670:Pareci
3663:Salumã
3527:Cariaí
3474:Anauyá
3464:Guinau
3434:Wirina
3412:Marawá
3320:Upper
3310:Yukuna
3260:Baniwa
3216:Yumana
3206:Mepuri
3190:Japurá
3120:Mojeño
3112:Terena
3060:Campa
3041:Purus
3020:Xingu
3011:Paresí
2951:Yucuna
2906:Lokono
2822:Aroaki
2808:Branco
2778:Kariai
2769:Bawana
2758:Guinao
2692:Lokono
2628:Marawa
2548:Paresi
2462:Kuniba
2316:Baniva
2298:Wirina
2282:Yukuna
2212:Mepuri
2190:Baniwa
2187:Karu:
2147:Jumana
2138:Negro-
2131:Terena
2022:Mamoré
2013:Mamoré
1977:Arawak
1935:Baniwa
1871:Yukuna
1835:Yumana
1773:Cabiai
1736:Guinau
1731:Anauyá
1693:Paresí
1657:Lokono
1622:Marawa
1496:Terena
1256:South
1192:Sarave
1171:Marawá
1073:Marawa
1045:Cariaí
979:Baré,
824:Salumã
820:Terena
732:branch
689:Terêna
679:branch
593:branch
562:Salumã
438:, and
432:Zaparo
428:Yaruro
412:Taruma
404:Takana
356:Kechua
291:Blench
250:Arawak
212:, and
183:(also
19455:Lists
19411:Chile
19365:Chaco
19211:Chono
19189:Chile
19112:Chaco
19094:Kunza
19057:Culle
19035:Arara
19021:Kwazá
19014:Kanoê
18903:Muran
18636:Boran
18616:area)
18564:Camsá
18557:Cofán
18515:Betoi
18477:Guamo
18470:Warao
18383:Wamoé
18295:Guató
18273:Ofayé
18266:Jaikó
17941:Warao
17910:Nukak
17881:Kunza
17859:Guató
17848:Cofán
17828:Camsá
17621:Choco
17582:Boran
17531:South
17512:Huave
17447:Mayan
17398:Yuchi
17381:Washo
17331:Karuk
17326:Haida
17265:Utian
17197:Keres
17134:Alsea
17127:Algic
17112:North
16904:Taiap
16898:Sulka
16753:Sepik
16668:Engan
16409:Ongan
16392:Nivkh
16260:Shabo
16243:Jalaa
16237:Hadza
16191:Mande
15993:Campa
15983:Chané
15974:Pauna
15969:Moxos
15959:Baure
15891:Waura
15800:Manao
15788:Manao
15749:Avane
15628:Guarú
15622:Cabre
15511:Wayuu
15506:Taíno
14936:DiACL
14719:S2CID
14673:S2CID
14453:S2CID
14407:Notes
14350:*pa-
14302:*ara
14246:*kau
14227:'red'
14211:'new'
14171:'bad'
14131:'fan'
14110:*ɨnu
13839:'dog'
13777:coati
13735:'ant'
13659:'ash'
13611:'leg'
13582:*isi
13566:*ipe
13558:*ina
13550:*eki
13539:'eye'
13531:'ear'
13486:*apɨ
13459:'arm'
13454:*phe
13406:*api
13398:*-pi
13375:'sun'
13327:gloss
13266:wúini
13217:káshi
13214:iléme
13200:ipis
13195:bohio
13192:maysi
13189:kochi
13169:bohio
13151:Taino
13136:kakai
13110:maiki
13063:kudui
13028:tikir
13012:kudui
13006:marik
13000:tiker
12972:chéke
12944:káthi
12916:aːshi
12841:kanái
12782:kámoi
12779:tídze
12760:panti
12754:kámui
12751:tidze
12732:panti
12726:kamói
12704:pánti
12698:kamui
12695:tidzé
12676:pánti
12670:gámui
12667:tídze
12658:Siusí
12648:pánti
12642:gamui
12639:tídze
12614:kámui
12592:pánte
12586:gámui
12558:kamói
12530:ghamú
12453:pánti
12438:Ipéca
12422:hérsi
12413:Ipéca
12410:Kárro
12387:Ipéca
12374:pánti
12359:Ipéca
12331:Ipéca
12328:Ipéca
12287:ahiri
12260:ikági
12241:bakué
12238:auati
12235:kamoé
12232:yishe
12216:ghema
12213:nuána
12198:Manáo
12188:ghema
12185:nuanu
12182:auati
12179:gamuy
12170:Manáo
12167:Manáo
12155:mechi
12152:ghuma
12121:irisi
12094:ketse
12091:hoːní
12062:Guarú
12049:kaéru
11993:niari
11990:aguma
11978:Passé
11965:irari
11937:pékye
11934:gamui
11887:siema
11881:abati
11857:sinka
11810:hyema
11807:panti
11804:chihi
11779:panti
11776:shihi
11754:chema
11728:siemo
11722:sizyi
11719:kachi
11700:siema
11691:kachi
11664:kashi
11585:sinki
11557:sínki
11542:Campa
11535:kíamá
11503:tiolo
11500:isésé
11497:shaki
11474:sache
11462:Pauna
11455:choro
11452:sóhmo
11435:Baure
11419:sáche
11385:chani
11336:kaché
11327:Chané
11308:kaché
11299:Chané
11296:Guaná
11274:Chané
11271:Chané
11261:haːtí
11255:kamái
11236:kótui
11227:kámai
11181:tsama
11175:máiki
11163:Waurá
11147:maikí
11135:Waurá
11119:máiki
11107:Waurá
11091:máiki
11085:itséi
11079:Waurá
11076:Waurá
11063:náchi
11035:náshi
10996:Aruan
10993:Aruan
10977:kamoí
10955:paití
10952:maikí
10949:kamuí
10927:paiti
10922:kamui
10889:minta
10866:ixito
10863:minta
10838:isóto
10796:bird
10793:tapir
10790:house
10787:maize
10778:water
10723:biama
10695:biama
10639:Taino
10626:tó-ki
10623:apáni
10617:mánei
10600:to-'u
10591:piama
10588:wanee
10541:un-ku
10535:asagu
10513:uruei
10313:abéri
10229:apáda
10213:nu-tí
10173:apáda
10157:nú-ti
10148:dzamá
10139:Siusí
9989:no-tu
9936:nú-ti
9921:Ipéca
9908:nó-ti
9905:húida
9896:pádda
9893:Ipéca
9890:Kárro
9880:nó-ti
9865:Ipéca
9837:Ipéca
9824:nu-tí
9812:apáda
9809:Ipéca
9806:Ipéca
9796:nu-ái
9743:ná-ui
9678:Manáo
9650:Manáo
9647:Manáo
9637:no-ki
9631:mayba
9625:etetu
9537:Guarú
9518:hiamá
9499:nó-ló
9496:na-oá
9453:Passé
9443:un-ló
9440:n-úla
9431:aphla
9409:atapo
9310:nu-xü
9199:apíri
9131:po-ke
9119:aparu
9103:o-eki
9080:nä-ko
9077:no-ki
9049:a-oki
9046:a-ito
9043:máhua
9040:apíti
9037:apáro
9031:Campa
9012:ipíka
8953:Pauna
8928:Baure
8918:yu-ki
8909:apisá
8863:u-nhé
8857:mopuá
8829:mopuá
8820:Chané
8801:mopoá
8795:posha
8792:Chané
8789:Guaná
8770:Chané
8767:Chané
8723:anamá
8720:inamá
8701:no-he
8692:iñama
8658:Waurá
8630:Waurá
8602:Waurá
8574:Waurá
8571:Waurá
8533:p-dái
8490:Aruan
8487:Aruan
8474:teuti
8471:mpána
8415:mpána
8383:kayen
8317:n-not
8311:yo-ói
8291:foot
8279:three
8232:Wayuu
8185:, or
8163:Haiti
8151:Taíno
8051:Wauja
8028:maiki
8024:Wayuu
8008:mahis
8000:Taíno
7928:*-na
7916:3FEM
7911:*-na
7894:*-hi
7877:*-wa
7775:-walk
7734:-see-
7663:hanu-
7592:hanu-
7493:ALIEN
7491:face-
7472:-face
7352:Front
7321:Glide
7293:Nasal
7082:Velar
7019:Aruan
6930:Aruák
6891:Moxos
6737:Cuiva
6632:Amage
6577:Awáno
6497:Aruan
6286:Waurá
6219:Guaná
6205:Chané
6098:Arití
6049:Pauna
6011:Baure
6005:Mojos
5718:Curia
5708:Moeno
5568:Campa
5500:Passé
5447:Uaypi
5319:Guarú
5204:Seden
5170:Aniba
5070:Arina
5056:Manoa
5048:Manáo
4913:Kárro
4867:Ipéca
4824:near
4770:Siusí
4684:Ihini
4583:Abane
4579:Avani
4520:Cabre
4506:Dzáse
4502:Mitua
4378:Cuite
4358:Támud
4304:Tecua
4278:Quinó
4270:near
4197:Onota
4187:Alile
4155:Uáira
4099:Daurí
3875:Taino
3780:Kampa
3732:Purus
3711:Pauna
3704:Baure
3656:Xaray
3640:Waurá
3633:Xingu
3610:Amapá
3518:Manao
3397:Iñeri
3391:Taino
3225:Passé
3150:Campa
3099:Baure
3074:Nanti
3029:Waurá
2787:Manao
2745:Negro
2711:Taino
2663:Wayuu
2579:Waura
2556:Xingu
2432:Purus
2365:Nanti
2116:Guana
2107:Chane
2070:Baure
1755:Manao
1709:Waurá
1641:Taíno
1510:Moxos
1505:Baure
1487:South
1098:Kampa
941:Passé
880:with
846:Campa
796:Aruán
730:Campa
723:group
708:Baure
698:Chané
694:Guaná
603:Aruán
484:Campa
360:Kwaza
344:Karib
312:Arawa
214:Chile
69:Chile
19426:Peru
19232:Duho
19047:Peru
19000:Leco
18943:Mure
18765:Peru
18722:Peru
18545:and
18522:Hodï
18501:Duho
18461:Máku
18454:Sapé
18404:Yaté
18390:Xokó
18376:Tuxá
18355:Natú
18116:bold
18043:See
17979:Arab
17965:Sign
17916:Páez
17893:Maku
17887:Leco
17403:Zuni
17387:Yana
17341:Seri
17098:Tiwi
16918:Wiru
16883:Mpur
16873:Kuot
16856:Anêm
16851:Abun
16818:Yuat
16813:Yawa
16759:Skou
16736:Ramu
16587:and
16481:Miju
16303:Ainu
16283:Asia
16281:and
16254:Laal
16215:Kadu
16203:Ijaw
16166:Kx'a
15938:Piro
15910:Piro
15754:Baré
15658:Pasé
15383:OCLC
15193:ISBN
15138:ISBN
15113:PMID
15039:ISBN
14997:ISBN
14989:ISBN
14709:ISBN
14663:ISBN
14445:ISSN
14270:*da
14262:*po
13941:guan
13250:bahü
13166:maiz
13160:kuyo
13142:xála
13116:kama
13107:ka'i
13104:siki
13101:wüin
13082:kamu
13076:wune
13031:kamu
13003:kamo
12997:wéne
12984:zéma
12981:báni
12978:yúnu
12950:kána
12941:wéni
12928:eːma
12913:wéni
12889:kati
12886:ueni
12871:kaxü
12844:kapí
12813:kana
12810:erri
12791:héma
12785:kána
12763:héma
12757:kána
12735:hema
12729:kána
12707:héma
12701:kána
12679:héma
12673:kána
12651:héma
12645:kána
12623:héma
12595:héma
12589:kána
12539:tema
12536:páni
12518:Baré
12484:héma
12478:kána
12475:kéri
12456:héma
12450:kána
12447:höri
12444:tíye
12441:úuni
12403:héma
12396:héri
12377:héma
12371:kána
12368:hözi
12365:tüye
12349:hema
12343:kána
12337:tiyé
12321:kéma
12312:áyer
12244:kamá
12204:apai
12201:toni
12173:unua
12158:peyʔ
12149:ighé
12133:gama
12127:uati
12097:hahi
12055:emam
12052:pási
12046:kamú
12043:tsiá
12027:sema
12024:banö
12021:mási
12015:ikiö
12012:auví
11999:séma
11996:pána
11971:zema
11968:pana
11943:zema
11900:auni
11823:wenü
11798:titi
11782:sema
11770:titi
11744:titi
11694:sixi
11679:Piro
11672:xama
11661:ashi
11658:húni
11631:nixa
11604:niya
11548:naña
11532:aikó
11529:kemi
11520:wünü
11491:Mojo
11479:sese
11471:yukĩ
11465:Mojo
11447:pari
11444:yaki
11438:Mojo
11428:samo
11422:suru
11416:yuku
11410:Mojo
11407:Mojo
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