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518:). Behind the scenes, he strove to improve Anglo-Japanese and Japanese-American relations, and he shared Saionji Kinmochi's efforts to shield the Emperor from direct involvement in political affairs. Some historians point to this as having the unforeseen effect of making the Emperor reluctant to curb the trend towards militarism.
555:). Although he formally retired his positions in 1935, his relations with Hirohito remained good, and he still had much power and influence behind the scenes. This made him a target for radicals in the Japanese military. He only narrowly escaped assassination at a
347:
After victory in World War I, Makino was appointed to be one of Japan's ambassador plenipotentiaries to the Paris Peace
Conference of 1919, headed by the elder statesman, Marquis Saionji. At the conference, he and other members of the delegation put forth a
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480:. Over the course of his political career, he aligned his policies closely with Itō Hirobumi and later, with Saionji, and was considered one of the early leaders of the
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Japan's delegation to the 1919 Paris Peace
Conference consisting of former Foreign Minister Baron Makino (seated on the left), former Prime Minister Marquis
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in 1945. Historians point out his attempts to avoid war with China and the United States and his promotion of a constitutional democracy in Japan.
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Upon beginning his career as a diplomat, Makino was assigned to the
Japanese Embassy in London. There, he made the acquaintance of
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peerage system. When
Saionji began his second term as Prime Minister on 30 August 1911, Makino again joined his Cabinet as
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to the United States as a student, and briefly attended school in
Philadelphia. After he returned to Japan, he attended
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in 1936. He continued to be an advisor and exert a moderating influence on the
Emperor until the start of World War II.
491:, headed by the elder statesman, Marquis Saionji. At the conference, he and other members of the delegation put forth a
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as its chairman. However, Makino declined for reasons of health and age. He died in 1949, and his grave is at the
427:(1892–1893). He resumed his career in diplomacy as an Ambassador to Italy (1897–1899) and later Ambassador to the
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After victory in World War I, Makino was appointed to be one of Japan's ambassador plenipotentiaries to the
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391:, but adopted into the Makino family at a very early age. In 1871, at age 11, he accompanied Ōkubo on the
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Royal Decree of 1925/-Mémorial du centenaire de l'Ordre de Léopold. 1832-1932. Bruxelles, J. Rozez, 1933.
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After the war, his reputation as an "old liberalist" gave him high credibility, and the politician
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Even after his retirement in 1935, he remained a close advisor to the throne through the end of
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In 1935, he relinquished his position as Lord Keeper and was elevated in the title to
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495:. It won the majority of votes, but was vetoed by the chairman, President
352:. It won the majority of votes, but was vetoed by the chairman, President
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458:. While serving in the 1st Saionji Cabinet, he was elevated in rank to
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959:
Wetzler, Peter. "Hirohito's First
Adviser: Count Makino Nobuaki". in
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Peter
Wetzler, "Hirohito's First Adviser: Count Makino Nobuaki". in
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in 1928. On May 15, 1932, Makino's residence got attacked by the
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in 1927. He oversaw the organization of enthronement ceremony of
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On
September 20, 1920, he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the
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336:, was a Japanese politician and imperial court official. As
419:. Following his service abroad, he served as governor of
630:, is Makino's great-grandson. His great-granddaughter,
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The Reluctant Admiral: Yamamoto and the Imperial Navy
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with Paulownia Flowers. In February 1921, he became
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626:was a literary scholar. The former Prime Minister,
442:(seated, center), and Japanese ambassador to Italy
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622:was Makino's son-in-law. One of his grandchildren
836:John Van Sant, Peter Mauch, and Yoneyuki Sugita,
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963:(University of Hawaii Press, 1998) pp . 139-178.
692:(University of Hawaii Press, 1998) pp . 139-178
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853:The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison 1912-1920
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945:. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
702:de Montvert-Chaussy, Isabelle (2023-10-28).
540:, but he was not harmed. It was part of the
838:The A to Z of United States–Japan Relations
585:Makino was also the first president of the
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1897:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
126:30 March 1925 – 26 February 1935
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
581:Grave of Makino, at the Aoyama Cemetery.
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476:. He was also appointed to serve on the
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32:This article includes a list of general
1902:Ambassadors of Japan to Austria-Hungary
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922:Hirohito and the making of modern Japan
812:
800:
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334:, November 24, 1861 – January 25, 1949)
177:Foreign Minister of the Japanese Empire
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1047:Minister of Agriculture & Commerce
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589:, and a fervent player of the game of
523:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan
338:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan
292:Politician, cabinet minister, diplomat
114:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan
1852:Politicians from Kagoshima Prefecture
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474:Minister of Agriculture and Commerce
450:In March 1906, Makino was appointed
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189:February 1913 – April 1914
13:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1917:Government of the Empire of Japan
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893:. Kodansha International (2000).
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613:
602:attempted to recruit him to the
387:), Makino was the second son of
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1892:Governors of Ibaraki Prefecture
1075:Minister of Education (interim)
870:
843:
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818:
446:(standing, left), among others.
399:, but left without graduating.
16:Japanese politician (1861–1949)
905:Japanese Imperialism 1894–1945
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618:Noted post-war Prime Minister
521:In 1925, Makino was appointed
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1:
1907:Ambassadors of Japan to Italy
1887:Governors of Fukui Prefecture
1882:Government ministers of Japan
1161:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
728:Condon, Cédric (2023-10-29),
1872:Education ministers of Japan
1862:People of Meiji-period Japan
1052:August 1911 – December 1912
883:
856:. CUP Archive. p. 873.
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1166:March 1925 – February 1935
1137:February 1921 – March 1925
1132:Imperial Household Minister
1108:February 1913 – April 1914
1103:Minister of Foreign Affairs
907:. Oxford University Press.
508:Imperial Household Minister
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1933:
1877:Foreign ministers of Japan
1867:University of Tokyo alumni
1842:People from Satsuma Domain
1211:Foreign Ministers of Japan
850:Hui-Min Lo (1 June 1978).
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367:Early life and education
350:Racial Equality Proposal
1023:March 1906 – July 1908
941:Wetzler, Peter (1998).
926:. New York: Perennial.
670:Order of the White Lion
504:Order of the Rising Sun
429:Austro-Hungarian Empire
53:more precise citations.
1912:20th-century diplomats
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1847:People from Kagoshima
1019:Minister of Education
668:: Grand Cross of the
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454:under Prime Minister
452:Minister of Education
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997:at Wikimedia Commons
968:Makino Nobuaki nikki
638:, a first cousin of
573:Later life and death
567:February 26 Incident
385:Kagoshima Prefecture
250:Kagoshima Prefecture
484:movement in Japan.
340:, Makino served as
1029:Komatsubara Eitarō
1004:Political offices
803:, pp. 166–167
791:, pp. 235–236
767:2010-03-24 at the
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1169:Succeeded by
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1111:Succeeded by
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1055:Succeeded by
1026:Succeeded by
993:Media related to
966:Makino, Nobuaki.
889:Agawa, Hiroyuki.
863:978-0-521-21561-9
535:ultra nationalist
431:and Switzerland.
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1205:
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1144:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1085:Shibata Kamon
1077:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1058:Nakashōji Ren
1050:
1048:
1040:
1039:Ōura Kanetake
1034:
1030:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1002:
996:
991:
987:
986:
977:
976:4-12-001977-2
973:
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965:
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952:0-8248-1925-X
948:
944:
939:
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933:0-06-093130-2
929:
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916:
914:
913:0-19-822168-1
910:
906:
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899:4-7700-2539-4
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827:, p. 164
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762:牧野伸顕関係文書（書翰の部
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637:
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629:
625:
621:
614:Personal life
611:
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604:Liberal Party
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588:
579:
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564:
560:
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478:Privy Council
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383:(present day
382:
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304:Japanese name
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107:
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98:
89:
88:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1345:
1172:Saitō Makoto
1158:
1129:
1114:Katō Takaaki
1100:
1095:Katō Takaaki
1073:
1044:
1017:
967:
960:
942:
921:
904:
890:
872:
852:
845:
837:
832:
820:
813:Wetzler 1998
808:
801:Wetzler 1998
796:
784:
775:
757:
748:
738:, retrieved
733:
723:
712:. Retrieved
707:
697:
689:
684:
665:
655:
617:
597:
591:
584:
556:
548:
546:
520:
511:
501:
486:
467:
466:) under the
459:
449:
417:Itō Hirobumi
414:
370:
361:World War II
358:
346:
324:
320:
316:
311:
265:(1949-01-25)
222:Katō Takaaki
217:Succeeded by
210:Katō Takaaki
184:
170:Saitō Makoto
165:Succeeded by
121:
85:
65:
56:
37:
1837:1949 deaths
1832:1861 births
1153:Hamao Arata
736:(in French)
710:(in French)
708:SudOuest.fr
565:during the
205:Preceded by
158:Hamao Arata
153:Preceded by
51:introducing
1826:Categories
1650:Sakurauchi
1559:Shigemitsu
1531:Shigemitsu
1519:Shigemitsu
1453:S. Hayashi
1312:T. Hayashi
978:(Japanese)
740:2024-02-04
714:2024-02-04
634:, married
632:Nobuko Asō
610:in Tokyo.
482:Liberalism
375:family in
371:Born to a
289:Occupation
243:1861-11-24
34:references
1781:Matsumoto
1754:Machimura
1743:Machimura
1738:Kawaguchi
1728:M. Tanaka
1670:Mitsuzuka
1537:K. Suzuki
1483:K. Nomura
1427:Yoshizawa
1416:Shidehara
1411:G. Tanaka
1405:Shidehara
884:Resources
734:France TV
549:hakushaku
377:Kagoshima
277:Parent(s)
185:In office
122:In office
1811:Kamikawa
1766:Nakasone
1695:Kakizawa
1680:Watanabe
1675:Nakayama
1660:Kuranari
1625:Hatoyama
1615:Miyazawa
1570:Fujiyama
1493:Matsuoka
1390:Yamamoto
1368:Terauchi
1317:Terauchi
825:Bix 2001
789:Bix 2001
765:Archived
628:Tarō Asō
563:Yugawara
516:viscount
512:shishaku
460:danshaku
302:In this
131:Monarchs
1806:Hayashi
1796:T. Kono
1791:Kishida
1776:Maehara
1733:Koizumi
1722:Y. Kōno
1700:Y. Kōno
1553:Yoshida
1542:Yoshida
1525:S. Tōgō
1503:S. Tōgō
1458:N. Satō
1335:Katsura
1306:Saionji
1254:Saionji
1244:Enomoto
650:Honours
440:Saionji
373:samurai
323:, also
308:surname
269:Tokyo,
194:Monarch
47:improve
1857:Kazoku
1801:Motegi
1760:Kōmura
1716:Kōmura
1711:Obuchi
1655:S. Abe
1645:Sonoda
1640:M. Ito
1630:Sonoda
1620:Kosaka
1610:Kimura
1600:Fukuda
1585:Shiina
1575:Kosaka
1548:Ashida
1498:Toyoda
1478:N. Abe
1463:Hirota
1443:Hiroda
1432:Uchida
1422:Inukai
1400:Matsui
1384:Uchida
1374:Motono
1346:Makino
1329:Uchida
1323:Komura
1294:Komura
974:
949:
930:
911:
897:
860:
558:ryokan
469:kazoku
403:Career
312:Makino
306:, the
198:Taishō
138:Taishō
36:, but
1786:Genba
1771:Okada
1762:(2nd)
1756:(2nd)
1745:(1st)
1724:(2nd)
1718:(1st)
1706:Ikeda
1702:(1st)
1635:Okita
1605:Ōhira
1595:Aichi
1580:Ōhira
1565:Kishi
1561:(3rd)
1555:(2nd)
1544:(1st)
1533:(2nd)
1527:(2nd)
1521:(1st)
1505:(1st)
1488:Arita
1473:Arita
1468:Ugaki
1448:Arita
1438:Saitō
1434:(4th)
1418:(2nd)
1407:(1st)
1395:Ijuin
1386:(2nd)
1370:(2nd)
1363:Ishii
1359:(4th)
1357:Ōkuma
1353:(4th)
1342:(3rd)
1331:(1st)
1325:(2nd)
1319:(1st)
1308:(2nd)
1302:(2nd)
1296:(1st)
1285:(1st)
1279:(2nd)
1273:(3rd)
1271:Ōkuma
1266:Nishi
1262:(2nd)
1260:Ōkuma
1256:(1st)
1249:Mutsu
1240:(1st)
1234:(1st)
1232:Ōkuma
1222:Inoue
676:Notes
553:count
464:baron
331:牧野 伸顕
318:Count
271:Japan
254:Japan
143:Shōwa
94:牧野 伸顕
87:Count
1690:Hata
1685:Mutō
1590:Miki
1514:Tani
1509:Tōjō
1379:Gotō
1351:Katō
1340:Katō
1300:Katō
1289:Sone
1283:Katō
1277:Aoki
1238:Aoki
972:ISBN
947:ISBN
928:ISBN
909:ISBN
895:ISBN
858:ISBN
666:1930
656:1925
260:Died
237:Born
1749:Asō
1665:Uno
1227:Itō
561:in
310:is
1828::
732:,
706:.
595:.
592:go
544:.
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379:,
356:.
252:,
1203:e
1196:t
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936:.
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551:(
514:(
462:(
328:(
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241:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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