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in the state of wakefulness. The second foot is the
Taijasa, who enjoys exquisite things in the state of dream. The third is the Prajna who enjoys bliss in the state of deep sleep. The fourth is Atman, who is alone without a second, calm, holy and tranquil". This passage has been verily the basis upon which all the later systems of
1082:, and is not known to exist independent of this commentary. Isaeva states that some scholars, including Paul Deussen, presumed that Gaudapada may be its author; however, there is no historical or textual evidence for this hypothesis. Scholars consider Mandukya Upanishad as a Principal Upanishad with more ancient origins.
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The chronology of
Mandukya Upanishad, like that of other Upanishads, is uncertain and contested. The chronology is difficult to resolve because all opinions rest on scanty evidence, an analysis of archaism, style and repetitions across texts, driven by assumptions about likely evolution of ideas, and
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Sankara's Bhasya states that these nineteen mouths of a human being are what interact with the empirical universe: five senses - seeing, hearing, touch, taste and smell; five organs of action - speech, hand, locomotion, sexual activity and excretion; five vital types of breath; the manas (mind), the
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We are told how, "the syllable Om is verily all that exists. Under it is included all the past, the present and the future, as well as that which transcends time. Verily all this is
Brahman. The Atman is Brahman. This Atman is four-footed. The first foot is the Vaisvanara, who enjoys gross things,
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The third state is the state of deep sleep. In this state the underlying ground of consciousness is undistracted, "the Lord of all (sarv'-eshvara), the knower of all (sarva-jnya), the inner controller (antar-yami), the source of all (yonih sarvasya), the origin and dissolution of created things
1828:
Gaudapada's doctrines are unlike
Buddhism, states Murti. Gaudapada's influential Vedanta text consists of four chapters; Chapter One, Two and Three of which are entirely Vedantin and founded on the Upanishads, with little Buddhist flavor. Chapter Four uses Buddhist terminology and incorporates
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Vedanta school. It succinctly presents several central doctrines, namely that "the universe is
Brahman," "the Self (Atma) exists and is Brahman," and "the four states of consciousness". The Mandukya Upanishad also presents several theories about the syllable Aum, and that it symbolizes self.
1682:
Johnston states that
Mandukya Upanishad must be read in two layers, consciousness and vehicles of consciousness, Self and nature of Self, the empirical and the eternal. The text aphoristically condenses these layers of message, both in literal and metaphorical sense.
1781:, but they have different meanings. The standard translation of both terms is "consciousness-only" or "mind-only." Several modern researchers object this translation, and the accompanying label of "absolute idealism" or "idealistic monism". A better translation for
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does not appear in pre-Buddhist
Brahmanic works, but in contrast to Nakamura he does not conclude that the term was taken over from Mahayana Buddhism. According to Comans, eventual Mahayana origins of this term are no more than a possibility, and not a certainty.
1122:
The
Mandukya Upanishad opens by declaring, "Aum!, this syllable is this whole world". Thereafter it presents various explanations and theories on what it means and signifies. This discussion is built on a structure of "four fourths" or "fourfold", derived from
1752:"Although Buddhistic influence can be seen in the Maitri-Upanishad, the particular terms and modes of expression of Mahayana Buddhism do not yet appear, whereas the influence of the Mahayana concept of Void can clearly be recognized in the Mandukya-Upanisad."
989:(Sanskrit: मण्डूक) which has several meanings. Some of its meanings include "frog", "a particular breed of horse", "the sole of horse's hoof", or, "Spiritual distress" Some writers have suggested that "frog" is the etymological root for Mandukya Upanishad.
1353:
Johnston summarizes these four states of Self, respectively, as seeking the physical, seeking inner thought, seeking the causes and spiritual consciousness, and the fourth state is realizing oneness with the Self, the
Eternal.
1473:"consciousness" is identical with the eternal and immutable atman "Self" of the Upanishads. In other words, Mandukya Upanishad and Gaudapada affirm the Self exists, while Buddhist schools affirm that there is no soul or self.
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The
Mandukya Upanishad is recommended in the Muktikā Upanishad, in a dialogue between two of the most important characters of the Ramayana, Rama and Hanuman, as the one Upanishad that alone is sufficient for knowledge to gain
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Ranade's views on the importance of Mandukya Upanishad and Gaudapada's commentary on Vedanta school, particularly Advaita Vedanta sub-school of Hinduism, is shared by modern era scholars such as Hacker, Vetter and others.
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The Upanishad's verse 5 states the third state of Self as one without desire or anticipations, where pure conscience is his only mouth, where he is in unified cognition, enjoying the delight, a state of blissful Self.
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and Maitri Upanishads. Phillips lists Mandukya Upanishad before and about the time the Shvetashvatara Upanishad, the Maitri Upanishad, as well as the first Buddhist Pali and Jaina canonical texts were composed.
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In verse 1, the Upanishad states that time is threefold: the past, the present and the future, that these three are "Aum". The four fourth of time is that which transcends time, that too is "Aum" expressed.
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Buddhist doctrines, state both Murti and Richard King, but Vedanta scholars who followed Gaudapada through the 17th century never referenced nor used Chapter Four, they only quote from the first three.
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The first state is the waking state, in which we are aware of our daily world. "It is described as outward-knowing (bahish-prajnya), gross (sthula) and universal (vaishvanara)". This is the gross body.
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The verses 6 and 7 of the Upanishad states the fourth state of Self as one beyond all the three, beyond extrospective state, beyond introspective state, beyond cognitive state, the state of
1755:"Although Mahayana Buddhism strongly influenced this Upanisad, neither the mode of exposition of the Madhyamika school nor the characteristic terminology of the Vijnanavada school appears."
1579:, which was further developed by Shankara". Other scholars such as Murti state, that while there is shared terminology, the doctrines of Gaudapada and Buddhism are fundamentally different.
1362:
Scholars contest whether Mandukya Upanishad was influenced by Buddhist theories along with the similarities and differences between Buddhism and Hinduism in light of the text. According to
1051:
Mahony, (writing for the MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion) on the other hand, states that Mandukya Upanishad probably emerged in the late fifth and early fourth centuries BCE, along with
1240:(annihilation). The fourth is without an element, without development, beyond the expanse of universe. In this way, states the Upanishad, the syllable Aum is the Atman (the self) indeed.
1332:
Verse 3 of the Upanishad describes the first state of Self as outwardly cognitive with seven limbs, nineteen mouths, enjoying the gross, a state of Self common in all of human beings.
1335:
The Mandukya Upanishad, in verse 4, asserts the second state of Self as inwardly cognitive with seven limbs, nineteen mouths, enjoying the exquisite, a state of brilliant Self.
1749:"From the fact that many Buddhist terms are found in its explanation, it is clear that this view was established under the influence of the Mahayana Buddhist concept of Void."
2610:, page 63, Quote: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ātman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism".
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1311:
According to Raju, the idea of four states of Atman as awake, dream-filled sleep, deep sleep, and the "original pure state" is "anticipated in chapters 8.7 through 8.12 of
1429:
It is impossible to see how the unequivocal teaching of a permanent, underlying reality, which is explicitly called the "Self", could show early Mahayana influence.
1746:"As was pointed out in detail in the section titled Interpretation, many particular Buddhist terms or uniquely Buddhist modes of expression may be found in it."
1283:, "the fourth," is the background that underlies and transcends the three common states of consciousness. In this consciousness both absolute and relative,
1469:
Isaeva states that there are differences in the teachings in the texts of Buddhism and the Mandukya Upanishad of Hinduism, because the latter asserts that
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school of Hinduism. The Mandukya Upanishad is among the often cited texts on chronology and the philosophical relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism.
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In contrast to the older Upanishads, the Mandukya Upanishad is very short, with clear and concise formulations. It has twelve short prose paragraphs.
1060:
posits a view similar to Phillips, placing Mandukya's chronological composition in the fifth, that is the last group of ancient Principal Upanishads.
1204:
In verses 9 to 12, the Mandukya Upanishad enumerates fourfold etymological roots of the syllable "Aum". It states that the first element of "Aum" is
1265:
The second state is the dreaming mind. "It is described as inward-knowing (antah-prajnya), subtle (pravivikta) and burning (taijasa)". This is the
1815:
in Theravada Buddhism tradition contains "some metaphysical speculations, such as those of the Sarvastivadins, the Sautrantikas, and even the
1048:
states, "we have the two late prose Upanisads, the Prasna and the Mandukya, which cannot be much older than the beginning of the common era".
1004:". This school may be related to the scholar named Hrasva Māṇḍūkeya, whose theory of semivowels is discussed in Aitareya Aranyaka of Rigveda.
2575:
is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence.";
1692:
David Stoll's 1987 Piano Quartet is inspired by three Upanishads, one being Mandukya Upanishad, other two being Katha and Isha Upanishads.
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2571:, page 64; Quote: "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of
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It is in prose, consisting of twelve short verses, and is associated with a Rig Vedic school of scholars. It discusses the syllable
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1575:, and "the four-cornered negation" (चतुष्कोटि विनिर्मुक्तः). Raju further states that Gaudapada "weaved into a philosophy of the
1406:. According to Randall Collins the Mandukya Upanishad "includes phrases found in the Prajnaparamitrasutras of Mahayana Buddhism."
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In verses 3 to 6, the Mandukya Upanishad enumerates four states of consciousness: wakeful, dream, deep sleep and the state of
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3087:
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Eight Upanishads. Vol.2. With the commentary of Sankaracharya, Tr. By Swami Gambhirananda. Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, 1990.
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Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press,
1378:. Nakamura states, "many particular Buddhist terms or uniquely Buddhist modes of expression may be found in it", such as
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The Mandukya Upanishad is one of several Upanishads that discuss the meaning and significance of the syllable Aum (Om).
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1040:, dated the Mandukya Upanishad to "about the first or second centuries A.D." The scholar of South Asian religions,
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41:
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A buddhist Doctrine of Experience. A New Translation and Interpretation of the Works of Vasubandhu the Yogacarin
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Video/Audio classes, Reference texts, Discussions and other Study material on Mandukya Upanishad at Vedanta Hub
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Swami Rama. Enlightenment Without God . Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy, 1982.
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of Indian philosophies that followed it, and that the Upanishad has served as a foundational text of the major
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too dated the Mandukya Upanishad at the first two centuries of the Common Era. Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
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Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy, Columbia University Press,
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K Singh (2001), Some Thoughts on Vedanta, India International Centre Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 3, pages 100-108
1689:, the Irish poet, was inspired by the Upanishads and Mandukya Upanishad was among the texts he commented on.
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W Halbfass (1991), Tradition and Reflection - Explorations in Indian Thought, State University of New York,
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1258:, dreaming (svapna), and deep sleep (suṣupti), and 'the fourth', beyond and underlying these three states:
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John C. Plott et al (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass,
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WK Mahony (1987), Upanishads, in Jones, Lindsay, MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion (2005), MacMillan,
1598:, further made commentaries on Gaudapada Mandukya karika. Mandukya Upanishad forms one of the basis of
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2308:, The Monist, Vol. 61, No. 1, Conceptions of the Self: East & West (JANUARY, 1978), pages 109-124
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3044:, Honesdale, Pennsylvania, USA: The Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy
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has provided an interpretation of this Upanishad from the experiential standpoint in his commentary
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contains shows any trace of Buddhist thought, as this teaching can be traced to the pre-Buddhist
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and other terms in more ancient, pre-Buddhist literature such as the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.
965:, and as sixth in its list of ten principal Upanishads. The text is also notable for inspiring
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on presumptions about which philosophy might have influenced which other Indian philosophies.
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The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda
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Verse 12 of Mandukya Upanishad; see Robert Hume's The Thirteen Principal Upanishad, page 393
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Comans further refers to Nakamura himself, who notes that later Mahayana sutras such as the
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on other religions and philosophies was not limited to Vedanta. Kalupahana notes that the
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here can be no suggestion that the teaching about the underlying Self as contained in the
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2138:(1996), The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text & Translation, Oxford University Press,
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1299:), free from the dualistic experience which results from the attempts to conceptualise (
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buddhi (intellect, power to reason), the ahamkara (ego) and the citta (consciousness).
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PT Raju (1985), Structural Depths of Indian Thought, State University New York Press,
1350:(without second). He then is the Self, just Atman, the one which should be discerned.
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1. Something is. 2. It is not. 3. It both is and is not. 4. It neither is nor is not.
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Sankara's Bhasya refers to Chandogya Upanishad's verse 5.18.2 for the list of seven
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V. Krishnamurthy. Essentials of Hinduism. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 1989
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Early Advaita Vedānta and Buddhism: The Mahāyāna Context of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā
2377:: "We can see that this story is an anticipation of the Mandukya doctrine, (...)"
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The Mandukya Upanishad is an important Upanishad in Hinduism, particularly to its
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Several academics have dated the Mandukya Upanishad to the early centuries of the
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and his attributes as similes to elucidate the verses of the Mandukya Upanishad.
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states the etymological roots of Mandukya Upanishad to be a "half lost school of
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Om' – three states and one reality (An interpretation of the Mandukya Upanishad)
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TRV Murti (1955), The central philosophy of Buddhism, Routledge (2008 Reprint),
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Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Lexicon, Germany
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Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Lexicon, Germany
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calls the aphoristic style of Mandukya Upanishad as highly influential on the
996:(Sanskrit: माण्डूक) which literally is "a Vedic school" or means "a teacher".
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2806:. Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy of the USA
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The oldest known extant metrical commentary on this Upanishad was written by
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Part 2 of a Vedanta class by Swami Sarvapriyananda on the Mandukya Upanishad
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Part 1 of a Vedanta class by Swami Sarvapriyananda on the Mandukya Upanishad
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3055:(Prakash Keshaviah PHD ed.), India: Himalaya Institute hospital trust,
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Bruce Wilson (1982), "From Mirror after Mirror: Yeats and Eastern Thought,"
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Downloadable Audio of 44 Classes on Mandukya Upanishad and Gaudapada Karika
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Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass,
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Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass,
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Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass,
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The Mandukya Upanishad/Karika, Shankara’s Commentary and Anandagiri’s Tika
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The Influence of Mysticism on 20th Century British and American Literature
1505:, therein, recommends Mandukya as first among 108 Upanishads, as follows,
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The Mandukyopanishad: With Gaudapada's Karikas and the Bhashya of Sankara
2878:, Tempo New Series, Cambridge University Press, No. 222, page 53 column 1
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Charles W. Kreidler, Phonology: Critical Concepts, Volume 1, Routledge,
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and emotional perspective on the scripture, attributing his insights to
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Chandogya Upanishad - Eighth Prathapaka, Seventh through Twelfth Khanda
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1291:, are transcended. It is the true state of experience of the infinite (
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The Mandukya Upanishad describes three states of consciousness, namely
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2295:, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Jul., 1972), pages 259-268
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Comans also disagrees with Nakamura's thesis that "the fourth realm (
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Is The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?
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According to Michael Comans, Vidushekhara also notes that the term
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2520:, Upanishad Vakya Kosha, Motilal Banarsidass, see pages 31-32 for
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PT Raju (2009), The Philosophical Traditions of India, Routledge,
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Mahony, William K. (1987), "Upanisads", in Jones, Lindsay (ed.),
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Vedanta, wrote commentaries on Mandukya Upanishad. He presents a
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Raju states that Gaudapada took over the Buddhist doctrines that
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1036:. The Japanese scholar of Vedic, Hindu and Buddhist scriptures,
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4725:
4538:
4491:
4450:
4332:
4322:
4261:
4169:
4112:
4107:
3961:
3648:
3484:
3470:
3455:
3355:
3271:
Multiple translations (Johnston, Nikhilānanda, Dvivedi, Panoli)
2479:
2349:
2347:
1627:
1611:
1498:
1280:
1243:
1008:
962:
829:
160:
78:
4643:
4638:
4342:
4312:
4246:
4226:
4164:
4144:
4117:
3956:
3658:
3558:
3504:
3460:
3438:
1983:
1981:
1443:, were influenced by Vedantic thought. Comans concludes that
932:
702:
177:
2344:
1329:
The verses 3 through 7 discuss four states of Atman (Self).
4684:
4613:
4595:
4543:
4327:
4271:
4231:
4191:
4174:
4159:
4124:
3553:
3465:
2553:
KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge,
2518:
A Concordance of the Principal Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita
2467:
1184:(being one with Self, the oneness of Self). These four are
901:
86:
65:
2652:
2457:
2455:
2442:
2440:
2154:
2152:
1978:
3357:
3052:
OM the Eternal Witness: Secrets of the Mandukya Upanishad
2676:
1594:
who himself was either a direct or a distant disciple of
928:
2722:
2640:
2628:
3418:
3303:
Mandukya Upanishad recitation by Pt. Ganesh Vidyalankar
3026:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
2972:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
2664:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2452:
2437:
2320:
2149:
2092:
2090:
2088:
1531:
Muktika Upanishad I.i.26-29, Translated by Paul Deussen
936:
935:
to the three states of consciousness; and asserts that
2848:
Enoch Brater (1975), W. B. Yeats: The Poet as Critic,
2618:
2616:
2418:
this is everything in the perceived empirical universe
2176:
2022:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1392:
1178:
2266:
2264:
2262:
3113:
Sleep as a State of Consciousness in Advaita Vedånta
2719:, Devanathan Jagannathan, University of Toronto, IEP
2535:
2491:
2434:
Theosophical Quarterly, October, 1923, pages 158-162
2332:
2247:
2085:
1358:
Similarities and differences with Buddhist teachings
3619:
2613:
2235:
1993:
2852:Vol. 4, No. 3, Special Yeats Number, pages 651-676
2259:
2164:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
1913:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1523:if you just wish deliverance, while death is near,
3267:Robert Hume (Translator), Oxford University Press
2916:Garfield, Jay L.; Priest, Graham (January 2003),
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1560:, is the earliest known systematic exposition of
5556:
2814:
2812:
2432:The Measures of the Eternal - Mandukya Upanishad
2131:
2129:
2028:
1106:
1078:, a commentary attributed to the 6th century CE
2820:A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy
2359:
2293:Early Trends in the Indian Understanding of Man
2213:A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy
2102:
1842:
1777:It is often used interchangeably with the term
3261:Translated by Swami Nikhilananda, online ebook
2915:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2658:
1890:
1525:read, then, the hundred and eight Upanishads.
4976:
3341:
3184:Nāgārjuna's Emptiness and Pyrrho's Skepticism
3006:A History of Early Vedānta Philosophy, Part 2
2809:
2126:
1318:
1273:(prabhav'-apyayau hi bhutanam)". This is the
869:
2768:
1425:of Mahayana Buddhism." According to Comans,
1244:Three states of consciousness and the fourth
1018:
4990:
3147:
2985:
2688:
2646:
2634:
2426:
2424:
1974:, Oxford University Press, pp. 391–393
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
49:verses 1 to 3 (Sanskrit, Devanagari script)
4983:
4969:
3348:
3334:
3033:The Advaita Tradition in Indian Philosophy
2967:
2682:
2035:. India: Penguin books. pp. 144–145.
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
876:
862:
2997:MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion (2005)
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1536:
1228:(intermediateness). The third element is
992:Another root for the Upanishad's name is
3276:Mandukya Upanishad with Gaudapada Karika
3012:
3003:
2734:
2710:
2473:
2461:
2446:
2421:
2390:, Oxford University Press, pages 268-273
2326:
2253:
2182:
2158:
1987:
1569:ultimate reality is pure consciousness (
1152:In verse 2, states the Upanishad, "this
1113:
3213:
3164:
2897:
2561:, pages 246-249, from note 385 onwards;
2485:
1928:
1768:Nakamura, as cited in Comans 2000 p.98.
1346:(one with the Self), tranquil, benign,
14:
5557:
3079:Ishadi Nau Upnishad - Hindi Translated
3075:
2994:
2958:
2906:
2728:
2541:
2504:
2096:
2004:
1864:
1633:
1521:if he reads the thirty two Upanishads,
4964:
3329:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3030:
3024:The Philosophical Traditions of India
2918:"Nagarjuna and the Limits of Thought"
2338:
1216:(being first). The second element is
1196:+ "without an element" respectively.
1135:+ "silence" (or without an element).
3115:. State University of New York Press
3048:
3039:
3021:
2976:
2890:
2774:
2740:
2670:
2622:
2353:
2270:
2241:
2170:
1965:
1512:for the deliverance of the aspirant,
1501:(freedom, liberation, deliverance).
1481:
1303:) reality. It is the state in which
1200:Aum as all of etymological knowledge
4945:
3157:
24:
3207:
3140:
3119:
1514:if even then, the knowledge lacks,
1307:, non-origination, is apprehended.
1172:Aum as all states of consciousness
920:. It is listed as number 6 in the
25:
5581:
3252:
1970:The Thirteen Principal Upanishads
1236:(erecting, constructing) or from
4991:
4944:
4934:
4925:
4924:
4913:
3618:
3364:
3356:
2970:A history of Buddhist philosophy
1610:Madhvacharya, the propounder of
1548:Gaudapada § Mandukya Karika
1510:The Mandukya alone is sufficient
1497:, in Muktika Upanishad, discuss
1421:) was perhaps influenced by the
1168:), consisting of four corners."
947:– which is the Whole – and that
144:
40:
4914:
3182:"Anthony Peter Iannini (2001),
3174:
3104:
2986:Kochumuttom, Thomas A. (1999),
2868:
2855:
2842:
2825:
2796:
2596:
2547:
2510:
2412:
2402:
2393:
2380:
2311:
2306:Consciousness and Brahman-Atman
2298:
2285:
2276:
2218:
2205:
2188:
2068:
1822:
1801:
1792:
1771:
1762:
1735:
1659:school of Hinduism. He states,
1605:
1582:
4839:Relations with other religions
3097:
3076:Mishra, Dr. Suryamani (2016),
2961:Shankara and Indian Philosophy
2056:
2010:
1602:as expounded by Adi Shankara.
1556:, This commentary, called the
1212:(obtaining, reaching) or from
13:
1:
2968:Kalupahana, David J. (1994),
2900:The Sociology of Philosophies
2850:Journal of Modern Literature,
2778:Sri Madhva Mandukya Upanishad
1835:
1516:then read the ten Upanishads.
1072:is fully incorporated in the
1063:
1023:
912:) is the shortest of all the
3214:Dvivedi, Manilal N. (2003),
3035:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
2990:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
2741:Izzo, David Garrett (2009).
1966:Hume, Robert Ernest (1921),
1649:Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade
1622:. His commentary emphasizes
1541:
1476:
1085:
976:
7:
3031:Sarma, Chandradhar (1996),
3008:, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
2911:, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
2865:Vol. 34, No. 1, pages 28-46
1695:
1393:
1179:
1093:
985:is sometimes considered as
967:Gaudapada's Mandukya Karika
907:
10:
5586:
3013:Olivelle, Patrick (1998),
2925:Philosophy East & West
2902:, Harvard University Press
2885:
2876:David Stoll Record Reviews
2659:Garfield & Priest 2003
2577:Edward Roer (Translator),
2304:Mark B. Woodhouse (1978),
1545:
1322:
1319:Theory and nature of Atman
1247:
1148:Aum as all states of Atman
1011:, the text is also called
138:Hindu scriptures and texts
27:Ancient Sanskrit scripture
5004:
4911:
4738:
4703:
4529:
4464:
4371:
4298:
4291:
4190:
4093:
4084:
3992:
3878:
3835:
3802:
3720:
3694:
3666:
3657:
3636:
3627:
3616:
3535:
3404:
3395:
3374:
3218:, Jain Publishing Company
3042:Enlightenment Without God
3017:, Oxford University Press
3004:Nakamura, Hajime (2004),
2898:Collins, Randall (2009),
2804:Enlightenment without God
2747:. McFarland. p. 18.
2029:Nanditha Krishna (2010).
1718:Shri Gaudapadacharya Mutt
1643:Enlightenment without God
1139:Aum as all states of time
1110:in the Mandukya Upanishad
1019:Chronology and authorship
924:canon of 108 Upanishads.
897:
105:
97:
84:
74:
64:
54:
39:
34:
3983:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
3310:by Swami Tattwamayananda
2907:Comans, Michael (2000),
2839:, pages 139-141, 169-182
2822:, Chapter 1, pages 35-36
2215:, Chapter 1, pages 13-18
1729:
4062:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
3150:States of Consciousness
2863:Comparative Literature,
2589:Katie Javanaud (2013),
2580:Shankara's Introduction
2488:, p. 963, note 17.
2356:, p. 300 note 140.
2032:Sacred animals of India
1668:have come to be built.
1325:Self-luminous awareness
1164:); that is this self (
848:Timeline of Hindu texts
681:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
5334:Paramahamsaparivrajaka
4037:Eighteen Greater Texts
2977:King, Richard (1995),
2291:R. V. De Smet (1972),
2146:, Introduction Chapter
1676:
1537:Classical commentators
1534:
1460:
1431:
1119:
1007:Applying the rules of
656:Eighteen Greater Texts
4790:Hindu gurus and sants
4042:Eighteen Lesser Texts
3082:, Chintan Prakashan,
2959:Isaeva, N.V. (1993),
2937:10.1353/pew.2003.0004
2874:Guy Rickards (2002),
2784:. India. pp. 1–5
1661:
1546:Further information:
1507:
1445:
1427:
1344:ekatmya pratyaya sara
1295:) and non-different (
1250:Three bodies doctrine
1224:(exaltation) or from
1117:
916:, and is assigned to
661:Eighteen Lesser Texts
4780:Anti-Hindu sentiment
3242:Sri Aurobindo Ashram
3049:Rama, Swami (2007),
3040:Rama, Swami (1982),
3015:The Early Upanishads
1723:Govinda Bhagavatpada
1687:William Butler Yeats
1592:Govinda Bhagavatpada
4886:Hinduism by country
4052:Iraiyanar Akapporul
4012:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
3167:Summits of God-Life
3022:Raju, P.T. (1992),
2802:Swami Rama (9182),
2373:, pages 30, 32-33;
1787:representation-only
1666:Vedantic philosophy
1634:Modern commentators
1519:He attains the goal
1439:and the concept of
1374:and its concept of
1313:Chandogya Upanishad
1238:Mi Minati, or apīti
671:Iraiyanar Akapporul
631:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
377:Related Hindu texts
5224:Trishikhi-brahmana
3265:Mandukya Upanishad
2775:D. Sonde, Nagesh.
2673:, p. 177-178.
2528:, pages 13-14 for
2476:, p. 215-218.
2430:Charles Johnston,
1990:, p. 284-286.
1577:Mandukaya Upanisad
1493:of the Hindu Epic
1370:was influenced by
1368:Mandukya Upanishad
1120:
1070:Mandukya Upanishad
969:a classic for the
890:Mandukya Upanishad
5552:
5551:
5534:Sarasvati-rahasya
5219:Naradaparivrajaka
5139:Nrisimha Tapaniya
4958:
4957:
4734:
4733:
4287:
4286:
4080:
4079:
3994:Sangam literature
3950:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
3798:
3797:
3614:
3613:
3291:Tamil translation
3148:Ramana Maharshi.
3089:978-93-85804-16-8
3062:978-81-88157-43-3
2891:Published sources
2731:, p. 2, 163.
2705:978-0-415-46118-4
1809:Mahayana Buddhism
1807:The influence of
1482:Muktika Upanishad
1436:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1372:Mahayana Buddhism
886:
885:
676:Abhirami Anthadhi
614:Sangam literature
467:Vaishnava puranas
123:
122:
47:Mandukya Upanisad
16:(Redirected from
5577:
5529:Saubhagyalakshmi
5244:Mandala-brahmana
4995:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4962:
4961:
4948:
4947:
4938:
4928:
4927:
4917:
4916:
4827:Pilgrimage sites
4581:Ganesh Chaturthi
4296:
4295:
4091:
4090:
4072:Vedarthasamgraha
4067:Vinayagar Agaval
4032:Five Great Epics
4007:Divya Prabandham
3920:Minor Upanishads
3664:
3663:
3634:
3633:
3622:
3621:
3402:
3401:
3368:
3360:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3219:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3188:. Archived from
3178:
3172:
3170:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3138:
3133:advaita.org.uk,
3130:
3117:
3108:
3092:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2922:
2912:
2903:
2879:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2829:
2823:
2816:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2697:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2647:Kochumuttom 1999
2644:
2638:
2635:Kochumuttom 1999
2632:
2626:
2620:
2611:
2600:
2594:
2593:, Philosophy Now
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2450:
2444:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2384:
2378:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2302:
2296:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2147:
2136:Patrick Olivelle
2133:
2124:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1926:
1915:
1888:
1877:
1862:
1851:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1739:
1674:
1590:, a disciple of
1532:
1396:
1220:, which is from
1208:, which is from
1182:
1068:The text of the
1046:Patrick Olivelle
1013:Mandukyopanishad
910:
899:
898:माण्डूक्योपनिषद्
878:
871:
864:
815:Gheranda Samhita
765:Sushruta Samhita
686:Vinayagar Agaval
651:Five Great Epics
626:Divya Prabandham
557:
523:
469:
351:Other scriptures
324:
285:
266:
209:
148:
125:
124:
79:Mukhya Upanishad
44:
32:
31:
21:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5570:Advaita Vedanta
5555:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5389:Pashupatabrahma
5000:
4989:
4959:
4954:
4921:
4907:
4730:
4699:
4690:Vasant Panchami
4624:Pahela Baishakh
4606:Makar Sankranti
4525:
4460:
4367:
4283:
4186:
4076:
4057:Abhirami Antati
4027:Kamba Ramayanam
3988:
3874:
3831:
3794:
3716:
3690:
3653:
3623:
3610:
3594:Vishishtadvaita
3531:
3391:
3370:
3354:
3255:
3210:
3208:Further reading
3205:
3204:
3195:
3193:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3162:
3158:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3120:
3111:Arvind Sharma,
3109:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3067:
3065:
3063:
2920:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2873:
2869:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2843:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2707:, pages 114-115
2698:
2689:
2683:Kalupahana 1994
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2576:
2562:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2524:, page 128 for
2515:
2511:
2503:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2381:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2150:
2134:
2127:
2114:
2103:
2095:
2086:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1986:
1979:
1964:
1929:
1925:, pages 605-637
1916:
1891:
1887:, pages 556-557
1878:
1865:
1861:, pages 605-609
1852:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1698:
1675:
1672:
1636:
1608:
1600:Advaita Vedanta
1585:
1562:Advaita Vedanta
1558:Māndūkya-kārikā
1550:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1484:
1479:
1364:Hajime Nakamura
1360:
1327:
1321:
1289:Nirguna Brahman
1256:waking (jågrat)
1252:
1246:
1112:
1096:
1088:
1075:Mandukya Karika
1066:
1042:Richard E. King
1038:Hajime Nakamura
1026:
1021:
979:
908:Māṇḍūkyopaniṣad
882:
853:
852:
843:
835:
834:
785:Divya Prabandha
760:Charaka Samhita
745:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
705:
691:
690:
646:Kamba Ramayanam
621:Saiva Tirumurai
616:
606:
605:
577:
567:
566:
553:
519:
465:
432:
422:
421:
387:
372:
371:
352:
344:
343:
320:
281:
262:
244:
234:
233:
205:
180:
163:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5583:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5519:Kali-Santarana
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5434:Yoga-Kundalini
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5074:Shvetashvatara
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5054:Brihadaranyaka
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4988:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4965:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4942:
4932:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4556:
4554:Raksha Bandhan
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4196:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:Shvetashvatara
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3740:Brihadaranyaka
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3637:Classification
3631:
3625:
3624:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3312:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3254:
3253:External links
3251:
3250:
3249:
3236:The Upanishads
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3173:
3156:
3139:
3118:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3073:
3061:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2913:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2867:
2854:
2841:
2824:
2808:
2795:
2767:
2753:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2687:
2685:, p. 206.
2675:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2627:
2625:, p. 177.
2612:
2608:978-8120801585
2595:
2569:978-0791422175
2559:978-8120806191
2546:
2534:
2509:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2464:, p. 285.
2451:
2449:, p. 284.
2436:
2420:
2411:
2401:
2392:
2379:
2371:978-0887061394
2358:
2343:
2341:, p. 137.
2331:
2329:, p. 289.
2319:
2310:
2297:
2284:
2275:
2258:
2246:
2244:, p. 3-4.
2234:
2230:978-8120809833
2217:
2204:
2200:978-0028659978
2187:
2175:
2163:
2161:, p. 286.
2148:
2144:978-0195124354
2125:
2121:978-0231144858
2101:
2084:
2080:978-0415203456
2067:
2055:
2041:
2021:
2009:
1992:
1977:
1927:
1923:978-8120814691
1889:
1885:978-8120814691
1863:
1859:978-8120814691
1840:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1800:
1791:
1783:vijñapti-mātra
1770:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1670:
1635:
1632:
1607:
1604:
1584:
1581:
1571:vijñapti-mātra
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1528:
1508:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1411:prapañcopaśama
1404:prapancopasama
1359:
1356:
1320:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1297:advaita/abheda
1285:saguna brahman
1278:
1270:
1263:
1245:
1242:
1160:is this self (
1156:is the Whole.
1111:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1065:
1062:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
978:
975:
951:is this self (
884:
883:
881:
880:
873:
866:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
795:Ramcharitmanas
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
755:Pramana Sutras
752:
747:
742:
737:
735:Mimamsa Sutras
732:
730:Samkhya Sutras
727:
722:
717:
712:
710:Dharma Shastra
706:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
617:
612:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
591:
590:
589:
578:
573:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
562:Devi Bhagavata
555:Shakta puranas
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
521:Shaiva puranas
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
463:
462:
457:
452:
450:Brahmavaivarta
447:
442:
435:Brahma puranas
433:
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
388:
383:
382:
379:
378:
374:
373:
370:
369:
364:
359:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
331:
318:
317:
312:
310:Shvetashvatara
307:
302:
297:
292:
290:Brihadaranyaka
279:
278:
273:
260:
259:
254:
245:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
203:
202:
197:
192:
187:
181:
176:
175:
172:
171:
170:
169:
164:
158:
150:
149:
141:
140:
134:
133:
121:
120:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
62:
61:
58:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5582:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:Gopala-Tapani
5477:
5475:
5474:Pranagnihotra
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5404:Tripuratapini
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Dakshinamurti
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:Yogachudamani
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5144:Kalagni Rudra
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5119:Atharvashikha
5117:
5115:
5114:Atharvashiras
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4986:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4951:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4910:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4891:Hindu temples
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Hindu studies
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Denominations
4763:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4574:Vijayadashami
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4391:Simantonayana
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:Yoga Vasistha
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3946:
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3888:Bhagavad Gita
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3232:Sri Aurobindo
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3192:on 2013-12-03
3191:
3187:
3185:
3177:
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3165:Sri Chinmoy.
3160:
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2754:9780786441068
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2560:
2556:
2550:
2544:, p. 54.
2543:
2538:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2507:, p. 98.
2506:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2474:Nakamura 2004
2470:
2463:
2462:Nakamura 2004
2458:
2456:
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2447:Nakamura 2004
2443:
2441:
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2427:
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2415:
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2396:
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2386:Robert Hume,
2383:
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2340:
2335:
2328:
2327:Olivelle 1998
2323:
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2272:
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2255:
2254:Nakamura 2004
2250:
2243:
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2227:
2221:
2214:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2185:, p. 13.
2184:
2183:Olivelle 1998
2179:
2173:, p. 52.
2172:
2167:
2160:
2159:Nakamura 2004
2155:
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2099:, p. 50.
2098:
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2064:
2059:
2044:
2042:9780143066194
2038:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2007:, p. 97.
2006:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1988:Nakamura 2004
1984:
1982:
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1462:Jacobs lists
1459:
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1454:Brhadaranyaka
1450:
1444:
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1441:Buddha-nature
1438:
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823:
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816:
813:
811:
810:Shiva Samhita
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:Yoga Vasistha
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:Vastu Shastra
773:
771:
770:Natya Shastra
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
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728:
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725:Brahma Sutras
723:
721:
718:
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715:Artha Shastra
713:
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708:
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504:Varaha Purana
502:
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362:Bhagavad Gita
360:
358:
355:
354:
348:
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340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
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322:Atharva vedic
316:
313:
311:
308:
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298:
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291:
288:
287:
286:
284:
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69:
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63:
59:
57:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5499:Shatyayaniya
5429:Rudrahridaya
5279:Ramatapaniya
5274:Rama Rahasya
5269:Advayataraka
5264:Mahanarayana
5179:Shukarahasya
5134:Brihajjabala
5124:Maitrayaniya
5033:
4901:Architecture
4504:Brahmacharya
4446:Samavartanam
4411:Annaprashana
4277:
4180:
3981:
3935:Dharmaśāstra
3925:Arthashastra
3784:
3760:Maitrayaniya
3592:
3585:
3578:
3500:Brahmacharya
3314:
3313:
3235:
3215:
3194:. Retrieved
3190:the original
3183:
3176:
3166:
3159:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3112:
3106:
3078:
3066:, retrieved
3051:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2981:, SUNY Press
2978:
2969:
2963:, SUNY Press
2960:
2928:
2924:
2908:
2899:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2827:
2803:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2777:
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2743:
2736:
2724:
2712:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2649:, p. 5.
2642:
2637:, p. 1.
2630:
2598:
2585:Google Books
2578:
2549:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2486:Collins 2009
2481:
2469:
2414:
2404:
2395:
2382:
2374:
2361:
2334:
2322:
2313:
2300:
2287:
2278:
2249:
2237:
2220:
2207:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2070:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2031:
2024:
2012:
1971:
1968:
1824:
1803:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1764:
1737:
1708:Adi Shankara
1691:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1662:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1609:
1606:Madhvacharya
1588:Adi Shankara
1586:
1583:Adi Shankara
1576:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1509:
1502:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1253:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1107:
1097:
1089:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1050:
1031:
1027:
1012:
1006:
998:Paul Deussen
993:
991:
986:
982:
981:The root of
980:
959:
952:
948:
942:
937:
926:
905:
889:
887:
780:Panchatantra
740:Nyāya Sūtras
636:Thiruppugazh
554:
552:
520:
518:
466:
464:
434:
333:
321:
319:
282:
280:
263:
261:
246:
206:
204:
118:Madhvacharya
114:Adi Shankara
106:Commented by
46:
29:
5489:Yajnavalkya
5469:Pancabrahma
5419:Kathashruti
5339:Akshamalika
5204:Brahmavidya
5199:Dhyanabindu
5104:Amritabindu
5099:Paramahamsa
4950:WikiProject
4822:Persecution
4810:Nationalism
4800:Iconography
4680:Ratha Yatra
4591:Janmashtami
4586:Rama Navami
4514:Vanaprastha
4465:Varnashrama
4441:Ritushuddhi
4426:Vidyarambha
4416:Chudakarana
4406:Nishkramana
4381:Garbhadhana
4022:Thirukkural
4017:Thiruppugal
3945:Nāradasmṛti
3908:Mahabharata
3686:Atharvaveda
3564:Vaisheshika
3451:Puruṣārthas
3246:Pondicherry
3098:Web-sources
2999:, MacMillan
2945:11343/25880
2931:(1): 1–21,
2837:0-791403629
2818:RD Ranade,
2729:Comans 2000
2587:, pages 2-4
2583:, p. 2, at
2542:Isaeva 1993
2526:avyavaharya
2516:GA Jacobs,
2505:Comans 2000
2211:RD Ranade,
2202:, page 9483
2123:, Chapter 1
2097:Isaeva 1993
2005:Comans 2000
1779:citta-mātra
1624:bhakti yoga
1384:avyavaharya
1275:causal body
1267:subtle body
918:Atharvaveda
825:Vedantasara
750:Yoga Sutras
666:Aathichoodi
599:Historicity
594:Mahabharata
587:Historicity
283:Yajur vedic
200:Atharvaveda
92:Atharvaveda
5565:Upanishads
5559:Categories
5509:Dattatreya
5394:Parabrahma
5324:Turiyatita
5319:Yogashikha
5209:Yogatattva
5184:Vajrasuchi
5129:Kaushitaki
5109:Amritanada
5039:Taittiriya
4998:Upanishads
4651:Kumbh Mela
4619:Gudi Padwa
4564:Durga Puja
4549:Shivaratri
4421:Karnavedha
4401:Namakarana
4363:Tirthatana
4130:Dattatreya
3967:Subhashita
3940:Manusmriti
3817:Dhanurveda
3750:Taittiriya
3735:Kaushitaki
3722:Upanishads
3495:Aparigraha
3397:Philosophy
3297:Recitation
3196:2014-11-06
2339:Sarma 1996
2232:, page 177
1836:References
1817:Yogacarins
1741:Nakamura:
1639:Swami Rama
1323:See also:
1248:See also:
1064:Authorship
1058:R D Ranade
1034:Common Era
1024:Chronology
914:Upanishads
820:Panchadasi
805:Swara yoga
641:Tirukkuṟaḷ
455:Markandeya
300:Taittiriya
264:Sama vedic
257:Kaushitaki
242:Upanishads
229:Upanishads
56:Devanagari
5539:Bahvricha
5504:Hayagriva
5464:Mahavakya
5444:Rudraksha
5354:Annapurna
5349:Ekakshara
5304:Bhikshuka
5294:Shandilya
5214:Atmabodha
5194:Nadabindu
5189:Tejobindu
5174:Niralamba
5169:Sarvasara
5049:Chandogya
4874:Theosophy
4805:Mythology
4785:Criticism
4753:Etymology
4711:Svādhyāya
4610:New Year
4559:Navaratri
4531:Festivals
4509:Grihastha
4482:Kshatriya
4456:Antyeshti
4431:Upanayana
4396:Jatakarma
4386:Pumsavana
4373:Sanskaras
4338:Naivedhya
4292:Practices
4237:Mahavidya
4205:Saraswati
4192:Goddesses
4150:Kartikeya
4047:Athichudi
4002:Tirumurai
3855:Vyākaraṇa
3822:Natyaveda
3770:Chandogya
3695:Divisions
3676:Yajurveda
3315:Resources
3068:March 11,
2760:March 16,
2717:Gaudapada
2671:Raju 1992
2623:Raju 1992
2354:King 1995
2271:King 1995
2242:Rama 2007
2171:King 1995
2048:March 11,
1703:Gaudapada
1673:RD Ranade
1626:and uses
1596:Gaudapada
1554:Gaudapada
1542:Gaudapada
1477:Reception
1456:Upanishad
1305:ajativada
1226:Ubhayatva
1086:Structure
1080:Gaudapada
977:Etymology
790:Tirumurai
720:Kamasutra
479:Bhagavata
460:Bhavishya
445:Brahmānda
402:Vyakarana
271:Chandogya
247:Rig vedic
207:Divisions
195:Yajurveda
110:Gaudapada
60:माण्डूक्य
5459:Tarasara
5454:Darshana
5449:Ganapati
5399:Avadhuta
5369:Adhyatma
5329:Sannyasa
5314:Sariraka
5299:Paingala
5284:Vasudeva
5254:Sharabha
5164:Mantrika
5159:Kshurika
5149:Maitreya
5094:Narayana
5064:Kaivalya
5044:Aitareya
5034:Mandukya
4996:The 108
4930:Category
4881:Glossary
4849:Buddhism
4815:Hindutva
4775:Calendar
4656:Haridwar
4634:Vaisakhi
4629:Puthandu
4519:Sannyasa
4436:Keshanta
4267:Shashthi
4103:Trimurti
3930:Nitisara
3903:Ramayana
3898:Itihasas
3870:Jyotisha
3812:Ayurveda
3804:Upavedas
3785:Mandukya
3730:Aitareya
3712:Aranyaka
3707:Brahmana
3681:Samaveda
3606:Charvaka
3406:Concepts
3387:Timeline
3379:Glossary
3362:Hinduism
2953:16724176
2788:March 3,
2082:, page 9
1696:See also
1671:—
1616:theistic
1529:—
1495:Ramayana
1449:Mandukya
1419:caturtha
1394:alaksana
1214:Adimatva
1094:Contents
983:Mandukya
894:Sanskrit
842:Timeline
699:Shastras
582:Ramayana
484:Naradiya
417:Jyotisha
385:Vedangas
334:Mandukya
252:Aitareya
224:Aranyaka
219:Brahmana
190:Samaveda
130:a series
128:Part of
70:Māṇḍūkya
35:Mandukya
18:Mandukya
5544:Muktikā
5484:Krishna
5424:Bhavana
5414:Tripura
5379:Savitri
5374:Kundika
5344:Avyakta
5289:Mudgala
5239:Nirvana
5084:Aruneya
5029:Mundaka
5024:Prashna
4919:Outline
4869:Sikhism
4864:Judaism
4859:Jainism
4740:Related
4716:Namaste
4569:Ramlila
4499:Ashrama
4487:Vaishya
4477:Brahmin
4300:Worship
4252:Rukmini
4242:Matrika
4215:Parvati
4210:Lakshmi
4200:Tridevi
4155:Krishna
4140:Hanuman
4135:Ganesha
4086:Deities
3972:Tantras
3962:Stotras
3915:Puranas
3860:Nirukta
3850:Chandas
3845:Shiksha
3837:Vedanga
3790:Prashna
3780:Mundaka
3702:Samhita
3671:Rigveda
3602:Nāstika
3587:Advaita
3574:Vedanta
3569:Mīmāṃsā
3549:Samkhya
3537:Schools
3525:Akrodha
3444:Saṃsāra
3424:Ishvara
3414:Brahman
3248:. 1972.
2886:Sources
2530:agrahya
2063:mANDUka
2017:maNDUka
1713:Advaita
1657:Vedanta
1491:Hanuman
1423:Sunyata
1400:acintya
1388:agrahya
1376:śūnyatā
1348:advaita
1301:vikalpa
1232:, from
1222:Utkarsa
1158:Brahman
1154:brahman
1100:Advaita
1053:Prashna
1002:Rigveda
994:Mānduka
987:Manduka
971:Vedanta
949:Brahman
944:Brahman
931:; adds
922:Muktikā
575:Itihasa
430:Puranas
407:Nirukta
397:Chandas
392:Shiksha
367:Tantras
339:Prashna
329:Mundaka
214:Samhita
185:Rigveda
85:Linked
5524:Jabali
5514:Garuda
5494:Varaha
5439:Bhasma
5259:Skanda
5154:Subala
5089:Garbha
5069:Jabala
5059:Brahma
4940:Portal
4844:Baháʼí
4748:Hindus
4726:Tilaka
4695:Others
4671:Ujjain
4666:Prayag
4661:Nashik
4601:Pongal
4539:Diwali
4492:Shudra
4451:Vivaha
4358:Dhyāna
4333:Bhajan
4323:Bhakti
4308:Temple
4262:Shakti
4170:Varuna
4113:Vishnu
4108:Brahma
3957:Sutras
3893:Agamas
3649:Smriti
3580:Dvaita
3545:Āstika
3490:Asteya
3485:Ahimsa
3471:Moksha
3456:Dharma
3369:topics
3086:
3059:
2951:
2835:
2751:
2703:
2606:
2567:
2557:
2532:, etc.
2522:adrsta
2369:
2228:
2198:
2142:
2119:
2078:
2039:
1921:
1883:
1857:
1653:Sutras
1628:Vishnu
1612:Dvaita
1499:moksha
1464:adrsta
1380:adrsta
1366:, the
1293:ananta
1281:Turiya
1180:ekatma
1009:sandhi
963:moksha
830:Stotra
703:sutras
538:Skanda
514:Matsya
499:Vamana
489:Garuda
474:Vishnu
440:Brahma
357:Agamas
315:Maitri
161:Smriti
156:Shruti
98:Verses
5364:Akshi
5359:Surya
5079:Hamsa
5019:Katha
4854:Islam
4832:India
4721:Bindi
4704:Other
4644:Ugadi
4639:Vishu
4472:Varna
4353:Tapas
4343:Yajna
4313:Murti
4247:Radha
4227:Durga
4222:Bhumi
4165:Surya
4145:Indra
4118:Shiva
3880:Other
3865:Kalpa
3755:Katha
3659:Vedas
3644:Śruti
3629:Texts
3559:Nyaya
3515:Damah
3505:Satya
3461:Artha
3439:Karma
3429:Atman
3383:Index
2949:S2CID
2921:(PDF)
2782:(PDF)
2573:ātman
2375:Quote
1730:Notes
1620:Śruti
1471:citta
1166:ātman
1162:ātman
954:ātman
933:turya
533:Linga
528:Shiva
509:Kurma
494:Padma
412:Kalpa
305:Katha
178:Vedas
5409:Devi
5384:Atma
5309:Maha
5229:Sita
5014:Kena
5009:Isha
4896:List
4758:List
4685:Teej
4614:Bihu
4596:Onam
4544:Holi
4348:Homa
4328:Japa
4318:Puja
4278:more
4272:Sita
4257:Sati
4232:Kali
4181:more
4175:Vayu
4160:Rama
4125:Agni
4095:Gods
3775:Kena
3745:Isha
3554:Yoga
3520:Dayā
3510:Dāna
3480:Niti
3466:Kama
3434:Maya
3084:ISBN
3070:2015
3057:ISBN
2833:ISBN
2790:2015
2762:2015
2749:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2604:ISBN
2565:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2226:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2117:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2050:2015
2037:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1503:Rama
1489:and
1487:Rama
1287:and
1234:Miti
1210:Apti
902:IAST
888:The
701:and
548:Agni
543:Vayu
295:Isha
276:Kena
167:List
87:Veda
75:Type
66:IAST
4770:Law
2941:hdl
2933:doi
1785:is
1108:Aum
957:).
941:is
938:Aum
929:Aum
5561::
3604::
3547::
3419:Om
3244:,
3240:.
3234:,
3121:^
2947:,
2939:,
2929:53
2927:,
2923:,
2811:^
2690:^
2615:^
2493:^
2454:^
2439:^
2423:^
2346:^
2261:^
2151:^
2128:^
2104:^
2087:^
1995:^
1980:^
1930:^
1892:^
1866:^
1844:^
1819:".
1645:.
1564:.
1402:,
1398:,
1390:,
1386:,
1382:,
1315:.
1192:+
1188:+
1131:+
1127:+
1015:.
904::
900:,
896::
132:on
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2052:.
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