211:
227:
156:
33:
283:, Dąbrowska worked temporarily in the Polish Ministry of Agriculture while venturing more and more into newspaper reporting and public life. In 1927 she became more involved in writing about human rights. In her novels, plays and newspaper articles she analyzed the psychological consequences of hardship and life's traumas in the world of ordinary people.
427:), she transposed her own life experiences onto two characters: Ewa Radgoska and Józef Tomyski. Notably, Józef was a male character. This is a technique that many queer female authors of the early twentieth century used; they would transpose their lives onto male characters in a way to make their lives more digestible to readers at the time.
406:
Dąbrowska was known for having a very socially aware voice that seemed to be dependent on her surrounding world. This gave her a very mature and extroverted point of view. At the time she first started writing, there was a huge amount of historical events that were happening, since it was around the
340:
Dąbrowska's parents, Josef
Szumski and Ludomira (née Galczynska) wanted her to receive a thorough education, and sent her to private schools for much of her early life. In 1901, she was sent to a boarding school at the private school of Mrs. Sedemani in Kalisz, which she attended in 1904. Then, in
375:
Nos. 3 & 4 in 1931: "Rozmova z przyjaciolmi" ("A Talk with
Friends") & "Na ciezkiej drodze" ("On a Difficult Road"). These articles spoke out against the holding of the leaders of an initiative that opposed Polish government. These leaders were being held in the fortress of
415:
first hand, which was especially dangerous in Poland. Her works reflected these experiences. She would write about the journeys of underprivileged, homeless, and landless protagonists; she would paint the picture of their lives authentically and with compassion.
369:, he was a political refugee and an active member of the Polish socialist party. This, along with rising tensions in Poland during her formative years, launched her into activism herself. One example of this is through two protest articles she wrote for
411:. Historical events shaped her writing to the point that, sometimes, her writing was less about creativity and more about conveying information in a concise way (especially in her diaries). Then, as she continued writing, she also experienced
1096:
310:, and Maria had a child by Jerzy in 1946, but he died suddenly in 1948. The two women stayed together in a relationship for the next 20 years, although Maria tried to get Anna married off again. Dąbrowska was awarded the
397:
Despite her activism, Dąbrowska did not explicitly identify with a political party. She once wrote in her diary, "I have no ideology. The only thing directing me is my love of people and life, and compassion."
298:. After these relationships, she started becoming more and more independent, and even once said that Dąbrowski and Stempowski were more like her universities, and less like romantic relationships. During the
384:'s rule. Dąbrowska thought that this was unjust, and she aimed to contribute to the opposition through her articles. Another example of her activism was in another protest article she wrote in 1936 in
1051:
896:
1086:
916:
1046:
841:
505:
371:
1056:
1091:
536:
386:
941:
1041:
1016:
921:
846:
175:; 6 October 1889 – 19 May 1965) was a Polish writer, novelist, essayist, journalist and playwright, author of the popular Polish historical novel
341:
1905, she attended the private boarding school of Miss
Havelke in Warsaw. Here is where she received a lot of her education in literature from
315:
996:
881:
856:
210:
1031:
861:
1061:
951:
906:
956:
891:
690:
345:. She attended Miss Havelke's school until 1908. Then, from 1908 to 1909, she began studying natural science at a university in
226:
1036:
971:
851:
981:
976:
961:
500:"Rozmova z przyjaciolmi" ("A Talk with Friends") & "Na ciezkiej drodze" ("On a Difficult Road"), 1931, protest articles
966:
1071:
986:
419:
In addition, Dąbrowska wrote a novel – that was not published until after her death – that used a particular device. In
1076:
946:
991:
926:
866:
759:
669:
299:
655:
1026:
1021:
1011:
931:
871:
836:
279:
in 1917. Interested in both literature and politics, she devoted herself to help those born into poverty. In the
936:
901:
302:, she stayed in Warsaw and supported the cultural life of the Polish underground. At about that time, she met
886:
215:
1081:
1001:
200:
1006:
876:
720:
580:
311:
204:
911:
390:
No. 43. This article was titled "Doroczny wstyd" ("The Yearly
Disgrace"), and it spoke out against
267:, giving her a "cross-eyed" appearance. She studied sociology, philosophy, and natural sciences in
196:
1066:
291:
280:
377:
349:. She later completed her studies at the University of Brussels in 1912, earning a degree of
325:
831:
826:
381:
260:
328:, regarding freedom of culture. She died on 19 May 1965, at the age of 75, at a clinic in
8:
307:
290:, who died suddenly when she was 36. Her second long-term partner was the 19-years-older
366:
287:
94:
526:
342:
765:
755:
665:
635:
252:
199:
into Polish. In addition, Dąbrowska was awarded the prestigious Golden Laurel of the
183:) written between 1932 and 1934 in four separate volumes. The novel was made into a
1097:
Recipients of the Medal of the 10th
Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland
350:
248:
184:
168:
128:
58:
695:
Krzysztof
Tomasik, Homobiografie, Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa 2008
62:
657:
History of the
Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Types and stereotypes
623:
published after her death, written sometime throughout the span of her diaries
820:
303:
256:
188:
807:
Introduction to modern Polish literature; an anthology of fiction and poetry
769:
155:
412:
391:
320:
295:
192:
749:
408:
32:
522:
294:, with whom she lived in a common-law marriage until the outbreak of
264:
240:
54:
751:
Alienated women : a study on Polish women's fiction, 1845–1918
698:
346:
272:
268:
230:
Maria Dąbrowska property at Komorów by Warsaw, Poland, 6 April 2024
754:. Ursula Phillips. New York: Central European University Press.
531:"Doroczny wstyd" ("The Yearly Disgrace"), 1936, protest article
394:
in Polish universities and against the overpowered government.
329:
276:
244:
219:
83:
66:
16:
Polish writer, novelist, essayist, journalist and playwright
191:. Besides her own work, she was also known for translating
318:. In 1964 she was one of the signatories of the so-called
1052:
Recipients of the Order of
Polonia Restituta (1944–1989)
897:
Commanders with Star of the Order of
Polonia Restituta
809:. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. pp. 150–169.
306:
and Jerzy
Kowalski, a literary couple. They formed a
214:
Maria Dąbrowska sitting, sculpture at her property,
1087:
Writers of historical fiction set in the modern age
804:
159:Family manor in Russów, where Dąbrowska was raised
917:Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature
688:
818:
555:Geniusz sierocy (The Orphan Genius), 1939, drama
1047:Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)
842:20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
1057:Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
1092:Recipients of the State Award Badge (Poland)
805:Gillon, Adam; Krzyzanowski, Ludwik (1964).
436:"Janek" ("Little John"), 1914, short story
255:. Her parents belonged to the impoverished
942:Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta
789:
31:
747:
684:
682:
680:
678:
225:
209:
154:
1042:Recipients of the Cross of Independence
1017:Polish women dramatists and playwrights
922:Polish LGBTQ dramatists and playwrights
847:20th-century Polish non-fiction writers
203:in 1935, and she was nominated for the
819:
675:
689:Krzysztof Tomasik (19 October 2009).
365:When Dąbrowska first met her husband
785:
783:
781:
779:
743:
741:
739:
737:
239:Dąbrowska was born Maria Szumska in
207:eleven times between 1939 and 1965.
997:Polish reporters and correspondents
882:Bisexual dramatists and playwrights
794:. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc.
654:Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer,
13:
691:"Fragment książki "Homobiografie""
14:
1108:
857:20th-century Polish women writers
776:
734:
1032:Polish women short story writers
862:20th-century short story writers
401:
167:
355:candidat ès sciences naturelles
952:People from Kalisz Governorate
798:
713:
648:
1:
1037:Psychological fiction writers
972:Polish human rights activists
852:20th-century Polish novelists
790:Folejewski, Zbigniew (1967).
641:
982:20th-century Polish nobility
977:Women human rights activists
962:20th-century Polish diarists
618:Adventures of a Thinking Man
614:Przygody człowieka myślącego
527:English translation fragment
443:, No. 23 (the Warsaw weekly)
425:Adventures of a Thinking Man
421:Przygody człowieka myślącego
335:
234:
201:Polish Academy of Literature
7:
967:Polish historical novelists
957:People from Pruszków County
892:Burials at Powązki Cemetery
748:Borkowska, Grażyna (2001).
629:
360:
10:
1113:
1072:Women historical novelists
1062:Russian–Polish translators
987:Polish opinion journalists
907:English–Polish translators
497:, 1925–1929, short stories
312:Order of Polonia Restituta
1077:Polish women sociologists
947:People from Kalisz County
205:Nobel Prize in Literature
142:
134:
124:
100:
90:
73:
39:
30:
23:
992:Polish women journalists
927:Polish LGBTQ journalists
867:20th-century translators
565:), 1948, historical play
430:
253:Tsarist military control
581:Pielgrzymka do Warszawy
575:), 1955, short stories
263:). Maria suffered from
1027:Polish women novelists
1022:Polish women essayists
1012:Polish women activists
932:Polish LGBTQ novelists
872:Bisexual women writers
837:20th-century essayists
552:), 1938, short stories
485:), 1926, short stories
475:), 1923, short stories
473:The Smile of Childhood
465:), 1922, short stories
455:), 1918, short stories
231:
223:
185:film by the same title
160:
937:Polish bisexual women
902:Cooperative advocates
721:"Nomination database"
610:), 1914–1965, diaries
563:Stanislaw and Bogumil
506:Wiadomosci Literackie
491:, 1927, short stories
453:Fatherland's Children
372:Wiadomosci Literackie
347:Lausanne, Switzerland
229:
213:
158:
887:Bisexual journalists
662:Benjamins Publishing
586:Pilgrimage to Warsaw
300:occupation of Poland
292:Stanisław Stempowski
1082:Writers from Warsaw
1002:Polish sociologists
559:Stanisław i Bogumił
469:Uśmiech dzieciństwa
1007:Polish translators
877:Bisexual novelists
594:Szkice o Conradzie
537:Dziennik Popularny
483:People from Yonder
387:Dziennik Popularny
343:Ignacy Chrzanowski
326:Józef Cyrankiewicz
324:to Prime Minister
232:
224:
161:
109:short story author
636:Polish literature
463:The Cherry Branch
275:, and settled in
153:
152:
149:(Nights and Days)
1104:
811:
810:
802:
796:
795:
787:
774:
773:
745:
732:
731:
729:
727:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
686:
673:
652:
598:Essays on Conrad
573:The Morning Star
367:Marian Dąbrowski
316:Stalinist period
288:Marian Dąbrowski
170:
95:Powązki Cemetery
80:
51:
49:
35:
21:
20:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1101:
912:Existentialists
817:
816:
815:
814:
803:
799:
792:Maria Dabrowska
788:
777:
762:
746:
735:
725:
723:
719:
718:
714:
704:
702:
687:
676:
653:
649:
644:
632:
620:), 1970, novel
600:), 1959, essays
569:Gwiazda zaranna
519:Nights and Days
449:Dzieci ojczyzny
433:
404:
382:Józef Piłsudski
363:
351:natural science
338:
281:interwar period
249:Congress Poland
237:
181:Nights and Days
164:Maria Dąbrowska
82:
78:
59:Congress Poland
53:
47:
45:
44:
26:
25:Maria Dąbrowska
17:
12:
11:
5:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:Women diarists
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
813:
812:
797:
775:
760:
733:
712:
674:
646:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
631:
628:
627:
626:
625:
624:
611:
601:
591:
590:
589:
566:
556:
553:
543:
542:
541:
529:
521:), 1932–1934,
512:
511:
510:
509:Nos. 3 & 4
498:
492:
486:
479:Ludzie stamtąd
476:
466:
459:Gałąź czereśni
456:
446:
445:
444:
432:
429:
403:
400:
362:
359:
337:
334:
308:ménage à trois
286:Maria married
236:
233:
222:, 6 April 2024
151:
150:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
81:(aged 75)
75:
71:
70:
63:Russian Empire
52:6 October 1889
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1109:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
808:
801:
793:
786:
784:
782:
780:
771:
767:
763:
761:963-9241-03-2
757:
753:
752:
744:
742:
740:
738:
722:
716:
700:
697:(in Polish).
696:
692:
685:
683:
681:
679:
671:
670:90-272-3458-2
667:
663:
660:
658:
651:
647:
637:
634:
633:
622:
621:
619:
615:
612:
609:
605:
602:
599:
595:
592:
587:
583:
582:
577:
576:
574:
570:
567:
564:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:Signs of Life
547:
544:
539:
538:
534:published in
533:
532:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:
508:
507:
503:published in
502:
501:
499:
496:
493:
490:
489:Marcin Kozera
487:
484:
480:
477:
474:
470:
467:
464:
460:
457:
454:
450:
447:
442:
439:published in
438:
437:
435:
434:
428:
426:
422:
417:
414:
410:
402:Writing style
399:
395:
393:
389:
388:
383:
379:
374:
373:
368:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
333:
331:
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Anna Kowalska
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:landed gentry
254:
250:
246:
242:
228:
221:
217:
212:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:Jerzy Antczak
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:Maria Szumska
169:
165:
157:
148:
145:
143:Notable works
141:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:Resting place
89:
85:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
43:Maria Szumska
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
806:
800:
791:
750:
724:. Retrieved
715:
703:. Retrieved
694:
661:
656:
650:
617:
613:
607:
603:
597:
593:
585:
579:
572:
568:
562:
558:
549:
545:
535:
525:of novels –
518:
514:
504:
495:Dzikie ziele
494:
488:
482:
478:
472:
468:
462:
458:
452:
448:
440:
424:
420:
418:
413:World War II
405:
396:
392:antisemitism
385:
370:
364:
354:
339:
321:Letter of 34
319:
296:World War II
285:
238:
193:Samuel Pepys
180:
176:
172:
163:
162:
146:
79:(1965-05-19)
18:
832:1965 deaths
827:1889 births
726:25 November
705:17 November
659:. Page 488.
546:Znaki życia
515:Noce i dnie
409:World War I
314:during the
261:ziemiaństwo
187:in 1975 by
177:Noce i dnie
147:Noce i dnie
135:Nationality
77:19 May 1965
821:Categories
642:References
118:playwright
112:journalist
101:Occupation
48:1889-10-06
604:Dzienniki
578:included
523:tetralogy
336:Education
265:esotropia
235:Biography
770:46364804
699:Polityka
664:, 2010.
630:See also
608:Journals
407:time of
361:Politics
273:Brussels
269:Lausanne
251:, under
125:Language
115:essayist
106:novelist
86:, Poland
216:Komorów
171:; born
768:
758:
668:
540:No. 43
441:Prawda
380:under
378:Brzesc
330:Warsaw
277:Warsaw
245:Kalisz
241:Russów
220:Warsaw
138:Polish
129:Polish
84:Warsaw
67:Poland
55:Russów
431:Works
353:, or
243:near
197:Diary
65:(now
766:OCLC
756:ISBN
728:2017
707:2012
666:ISBN
271:and
74:Died
40:Born
701:.pl
218:by
823::
778:^
764:.
736:^
693:.
677:^
357:.
332:.
247:,
195:'
61:,
57:,
772:.
730:.
709:.
672:.
616:(
606:(
596:(
588:)
584:(
571:(
561:(
548:(
517:(
481:(
471:(
461:(
451:(
423:(
259:(
179:(
166:(
69:)
50:)
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.JPG)
