591:
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49:
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575:; Albert also participated in the celebrations. Since the Duke of Chablais was also present, Maria Christina and her beloved had to proceed more carefully. One month after Leopold's marriage, the Emperor suddenly died (18 August) from either a stroke or heart attack. The Imperial family was badly affected by this death, including Maria Christina, whose marriage plans were now no longer a hindrance since her mother had long been on her side. In consequence, she was the only daughter of Maria Theresa who didn't marry for political reasons; however, out of respect for the Emperor's death, a period of mourning had to be observed first before her wedding could take place.
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role but were limited to be symbolic figureheads. Even before the appointment of her sister and brother-in-law, Joseph II (who for seven weeks strictly controlled the
Austrian Netherlands) found the administration and internal conditions to be negative and decided to carry out profound reforms. He discussed his plans with his ministers and leading officials, and the joint governors were only to execute the orders and sign the decrees issued by the Emperor through the advisers he appointed to them. Without any real power, Maria Christina and Albert limited themselves to receiving foreign guests and enjoying hunting. Between 1782 and 1784, they had the
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548:. After these visits, Maria Christina fell deeply in love with Albert, who, despite his affection for the Archduchess, did not believe that he could win her hand in marriage because of his relatively weak and politically unstable position for the imperial standards. But then he was invited to Vienna to study a new service regulation for the cavalry, to participate in hunts and amusements of the Imperial court, and received the invitation of Maria Christina to give free rein to his feelings for her but not yet publicly.
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909:, who made himself immensely unpopular. The Emperor, who lacked a clear understanding of the situation of the Austrian Netherlands, imposed drastic reforms especially in the field of education, which caused a lot of resistance and the loss of the Catholic Church's position in November 1781, and in March 1783 different monasteries were abolished. He also proposed at the administrative level the introduction of a centralized administration.
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1018:"People thronging in thousands, with their hat blazoned with the arms of Brabant, made it a day of terror - all the more so as we had certain information that it was intended to begin that very evening the pillage of the royal and ecclesiastical treasuries, that the minister and those members of the Government who were in ill odour were to be put to death, and complete independence declared."
1178:, appeared in Brussels and asked Maria Christina to make a military intervention and send troops across the border to France and apprehend the royal party before they reached Paris, but Maria Christina refused, stating that she would need the emperor's permission to perform such an act, by which time it would already be too late.
1312:, implying a dedication from Albert to his excellent wife. In a book published in 1805 by Van de Vivere, which deals with the tomb of Canova and is also available in a German translation of the same year, it is clearly shown that the grave monument has arisen out of the Christian thought, although the impact of
650:. During the ceremony (in which the Dowager Empress was present) Maria Christina was wearing a white, pearl decorated mousseline dress and Albert his military uniform; however, the rest of the guests were dressed in black because of the ongoing court mourning. Soon afterward the newlyweds settled in Pressburg.
511:
to be cheerful and satisfied with her fate. While her husband loved her very deeply, she was reserved towards him. In contrast, for Maria
Christina, she had a heartfelt affection, expressed in about 200 letters between them, usually written in French. They spent so much time together that they were compared to
989:
in the
Austrian Netherlands, which included a far-reaching modification of the central government institutions there, a transformation of the provincial division which was equivalent to the dissolution of the existing provinces, and a reorganization of the judicial organization. She was ordered to do
1181:
Maria
Christina and Albert this time had more actual power than what Joseph II had allowed them, although after the Brabant Revolution they turned to a more authoritarian rule. By her good cooperation with Leopold II and his new Minister Plenipotentiary, Count Franz Georg Karl von Metternich (father
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arrived at the
Imperial Court and both were warmly received by the Emperor and Empress. Prince Albert met the lovely Archduchess on the occasion of a concert, in which she participated, and soon he developed a great affection for her, as he recalled in his memoirs. At the end of January 1760, Albert
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The
Emperor did not allow his sister the financial resources corresponding to her position. Maria Christina complained to her brother Leopold and criticized how she had been treated in the division of Maria Theresa's inheritance. She and her husband were also unable to play an independent political
522:
Maria
Christina made a formal description of Isabella, in which she portrayed her as amiable, kind, and generous, but she also did not overlook her weaknesses. The early demise of her sister-in-law (who was more and more inclined to melancholy and a growing obsession with death) on 27 November 1763
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on 6 October 1760. Among other things, the two young women often played together. The beautiful, educated, and very sensitive
Isabella, who detested the court ceremonial and her position as wife of the Habsburg heir, wanted a more sensual destiny; however, despite these inner feelings, she appeared
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and moved there. After a new short recovery, Maria
Christina became more and more sick in the middle of June 1798; after writing to Albert a farewell letter in which she mentioned her deep and lifelong love for him, she died the following day on 24 June 1798 aged 56. She was buried in the Tuscan
424:
The
Archduchess, capricious and spirited in her youth, received a particularly loving education from her parents. That notorious preference that Maria Christina received from her mother caused the intense jealousy of her brothers and sisters, who avoided her and criticized her prominent position
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In the Austrian Netherlands, however, strong social tensions prevailed, the property was largely owned by the members of the upper two estates, the nobility enjoyed a clear preference in the tax and judiciary systems, there were great shortcomings in the administration, trade hindered economic
668:
In the first weeks after the wedding, Maria Christina, Albert and Maria Theresa started a lively correspondence. The Dowager Empress gave her daughter, who she missed very much, advice on how to behave towards her husband. She had to cultivate a decent life-changing attitude based on Christian
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In January 1788, Maria Christina and Albert returned to the Austrian Netherlands, where the potential for conflict was clearly increased. New unrest was foreseen. In April 1788, they officially warned the Emperor that the apparent tranquility in the country was only external and that fear and
539:
In December 1763, Prince Albert of Saxony returned to Vienna to express his condolences to the Imperial family for Isabella of Parma's death. He had become a good friend of the late Isabella after her marriage with the future Joseph II and, as he noted in his diary, also developed a close
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Father Lachner taught her several languages and history. The Archduchess learned, among other things, perfect Italian and French, which, according to Podewils, she particularly liked to speak, as well as quite good English. She also proved to be a talented painter very early. In
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at the Viennese court and by her family. She was Maria Theresa's favourite child, as can be seen in the letters that the Empress wrote to her. Little is known about her early childhood. In a letter dated 22 March 1747 the Prussian ambassador in Vienna, Count Otto Christoph von
1128:, that the Emperor would now apply a different behavior towards the rebellious provinces if they submitted. Despite many promises from the prelate, nothing happened. In addition, Maria Christina deplored the publication of her letters to Trauttmansdorff to the public opinion.
432:. However, the Empress only agreed to change her governess in 1756, when she appointed the widowed Countess Maria Anna Vasquez (née Kokorzowa) to the position. Maria Christina's relationship with Vasquez was much better, and a few years later Countess Vasquez was even named
1027:
to command regiments in the Austrian Netherlands. He also ordered Count di Belgiojoso and the joint governors to go to Vienna. Maria Christina and Albert arrived to the Imperial court in late July 1787, but could not bring about any change of opinion of the Emperor. Count
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on 6 November; as a result, the embittered joint governors were again forced to flee, after they were able to evacuate their art collection by sea. However, one of the three ships on which their treasures were transported was destroyed as a result of a hurricane.
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The reforms lead to violent riots. On 30 May 1787, a mob, who demanded that Belgiojoso be removed from power, broke into her residence in Brussels and forced Maria Christina and Albert to retract the Imperial decree. Maria Christina described it to her brother:
645:
On 7 January 1766, Albert (whose succession rights over the Saxon throne won him several adepts) received a warm welcome in Pressburg by the citizens. On 2 April the engagement took place and six days later, on 8 April, the wedding took place in the chapel of
1242:. They lived harmoniously, but without their previous warm relationship, and therefore no longer had such an elaborate court. At the beginning of 1794 they learned that the Emperor would now give them financial support. After their permanent move to
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Maria Christina and Albert traveled to Vienna in the winter of 1785-1786 after being called by Joseph II. The Emperor received his guests politely and invited them to festivals. Due to the visit, Joseph II ordered the presentation of the operas
1139:, with whom Maria Christina had a better understanding. They exchanged many letters where she advised the new Emperor to either initiate negotiations about the regaining of his rule over the Austrian Netherlands or began a military action. The
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disharmony prevailed, but assured that they had contributed with their best to restoring confidence. Although Trauttmansdorff wanted to push through the Josephine reforms in a somewhat milder style, he still saw strong opposition from the
791:
and citizens, and devoted themselves to their common interest in art, which made Pressburg a cultural center during their time there; it was here that they began their acquisition of drawings and engravings, which was to become the famous
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is noticeable. With the language of allegory Canova created mourning symbols and figures which were used in antiquity and in the early Christian period. After his death in 1822, Albert was buried next to her and their daughter.
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Maria Christina was bitterly angry about her expulsion, but she was still trying to take steps to continue the rule of her brother in the Austrian Netherlands. In particular, she wrote on 12 December 1789 to the Archbishop of
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Since Maria Christina was unable to have any more children due to her difficult childbirth, in 1790 she persuaded her brother Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany, to let her and her husband adopt one of his youngest sons, Archduke
1155:, who put the already new Republic on the edge of civil war. The Austrians reconquered Brussels without a fight at the beginning of December 1790. Maria Christina and Albert (who after their stay in Bonn moved firstly to
551:
Maria Christina had a strong influence over her mother, who approved of her relationship with Albert, but the lovers were forced to keep their relationship secret because the Emperor wanted her to marry her first cousin,
560:, younger sister of Francis I). The Empress advised her impatient daughter to appear calm and cautious with regard to her liaison with Albert, and to rely on her; Maria Theresa promised to arrange the match with Albert.
1048:) to find soldiers to fight, attempting to hire Prussian soldiers against the imperial government violence in the Austrian Netherlands. Nevertheless, the resistance of the Brabant estates became increasingly violent.
1022:
For Joseph II, however, who condemned the indulgence of the couple, a revocation of his orders was out of the question. He wanted to suppress possible riots and therefore increased the number of troops and sent Count
864:
now assumed sole sovereignty as Holy Roman Emperor; he had a bad relationship with his sister and had been jealous of her privileged position and intimate relationship with their mother. In order to get her out of
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so by Joseph II through Count Ludovico di Belgiojoso, but did so unwillingly and predicted that they would lead to protests. Against the Imperial reforms were mainly formed two opposition groups: first, the
677:
Maria Christina gave birth to a daughter named Princess Maria Theresia Josepha Johanna Nepomucena of Saxony, on 16 May 1767, but the child lived only one day, dying on 17 May 1767. Maria Christina developed
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After the death of his wife, the deeply saddened Albert built an impressive cenotaph for Maria Christina in the Augustinian church. In the ornaments of this tomb, a work of the famous neoclassical sculptor
942:. The couple, however, did not succeed in persuading the Emperor to take a more cautious approach in the realization of his reform plans for the Austrian Netherlands and the withdrawal of the regulations.
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and other lordships, and the amount of Ć’100,000. The household of the couple included about 120 people. These gifts received by Maria Christina caused the displeasure and envy of her brothers and sisters.
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within the family more and more vehemently. The dislike of her siblings increased later in life, since Maria Theresa increasingly used her to exercise influence over the other members of the family.
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Maria Christina's luck in being permitted to marry the man she loved embittered Maria Theresa's other daughters, who already resented their mother's favouritism. One of her sisters, the Archduchess
590:
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Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasury of Royal Scandals: The Shocking True Stories of History's Wickedest, Weirdest, Most Wanton Kings, Queens, Tsars, Popes, and Emperors. Penguin Books. p. 91.
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Leopold II died suddenly on 1 March 1792, amidst rumours of poisoning or secret assassination. Maria Christina and Albert were confirmed as joint governors by Leopold II's son and successor
787:
In Pressburg, Maria Christina and her husband were able to host a luxurious court life with frequent parties and visits home to Vienna. They soon succeeded in obtaining the affection of the
969:, Marie Antoinette's private retreat, was ignored. In their short visit to France, the couple visited museums and factories, were present in court festivities and met the Finance Minister
602:
The wedding preparations began as early as November 1765. Maria Theresa was worried that the young couple could not live comfortably. In December, Albert was appointed Field Marshal and
490:, but a marriage between them displeased the Empress, who believed that the third son of the Duke of WĂĽrttemberg was not of enough rank for an Archduchess. In early January 1760 Princes
1202:
1347:); II and III Gules, a knight armed cap-Ă -pie mounted on a horse salient argent, brandishing a sword proper and maintaining a shield azure charged with a cross of Lorraine Or (for
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jointly with her husband during 1781–1789 and 1791–1792. After two expulsions from the Netherlands (in 1789 and 1792), she lived with her husband in Vienna until her death.
2423:
Archives Nationales de Vienne, Autriche; Der Gruftwächter, play by Kafka; Simon Sebag Montefiore, Catherine the Great and Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair, London, 2010
1246:, Maria Christina and her husband lived in the palace of Count Emanuel Silva-Tarouca. In the future, Albert was mainly concerned in his art collection. After the rise of
459:
her drawings of the imperial family were exhibited which attest to her great artistic talent. She painted some family members including herself and also some copies of
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values. The couple, who had a happy marriage, held a splendid court at the palace in Pressburg, arranged splendid festivals, and also traveled frequently to Vienna.
869:, he confirmed her and her husband's appointment as governors but reduced their income. On 3 June 1781, Maria Christina and Albert left Vienna and were greeted in
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Briefe der Erzherzogin Marie Statthalterin der Niederlande an Leopold II. nebst einer Einleitung zur Geschichte der französischen Politik Leopolds II
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1000:, who was supported by numerous nobles and clerics, and wanted to retain the traditional relationship with the Habsburgs, and on the other hand the
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new Emperor could contain the unrest in different parts of the Austrian dominion through concessions and started negotiation of a ceasefire in the
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877:, and designated Minister Plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands on 9 July; the next day (10 July), they made their official entrance into
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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
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territory for portions of the Austrian Netherlands or the 1784–1785 forced lifting of the Scheldt barrier for navigation, failed. Instead, the
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was appointed the new Minister Plenipotentiary and the ambitious General Richard d’Alton took the place of the more compromised Count Murray.
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The fifth child and fourth (but second surviving) daughter, Maria Christina was born on the 25th birthday of her mother, on 13 May 1742 in
1135:
with Van der Noot as his First Minister. The seriously ill Emperor Joseph II died on 20 February and was succeeded by his younger brother
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which sought for the formation of a patriotic army. Maria Christina and her husband defied Joseph II's order to return to Vienna and left
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relationship with Maria Christina. In 1764 the Saxon prince met the Archduchess, firstly in Vienna in the spring and later more often in
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in July 1797 and had a short-term improvement in her health, but soon suffered again with great pain. Due to the restructuring of the
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835:. However, Maria Christina's weak health and sadness increased, as Albert was in active military service in 1777–1778 during the
1375:); IV Or, in annulo six torteaux, the torteau in chief replaced by a roundel azure charged with three fleurs-de-lis Or (for the
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In 20–21 June 1791, the Governors was ready to welcome Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette during their intended escape during the
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1361:) (her husband's shield) to the dexter (viewer's left) with her brother's shield, the arms of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II –
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1170:. When the royal party was arrested near the border and escorted back to Paris, the brothers of Louis XVI, the counts of
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471:: there the Emperor is shown reading the newspaper and the Empress serving the coffee, while her three youngest siblings (
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1163:), returned to Brussels on 15 June 1791 as joint governors. The population received them kindly, but also suspiciously.
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Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
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on 4 July 1780 Maria Christina and Albert were, according to Maria Theresa's will, appointed as joint governors of the
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In 1797 Maria Christina, who had become melancholic, began to suffer from a stomach disease. She went to bathing in
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states. Hendrik Van der Noot played a leading role in this resistance. After his escape in August 1788, he tried in
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Beautiful, highly intelligent but also artistically gifted, Maria Christina enjoyed a conscientious education. The
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Quarterly, I barry of eight, gules and argent, impaling gules a patriarchal cross argent on a trimount vert (for
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under their control. On 18 November, the joint governors, though reluctant, had to flee; after a journey through
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965:. The French Queen treated Maria Christina as just another state guest in Versailles and her request to see the
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519:. Isabel and Mimi were united not only by a shared interest in music and art but also by a deep mutual love.
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1367:); II gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for
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831:), after which she reported to their mother about their lives. Furthermore, the couple paid a visit to
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constructed for their summer residence, where they completed their famous Albertine art collection.
347:(Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia; 13 May 1742 – 24 June 1798), was the fifth child of
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Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010), p. 254.
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motifs are shown. The flat pyramid wall contains a medallion of Maria Christina's and figures in
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860:. But the Dowager Empress died on 29 November, during the preparations of the couple's journey.
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Simon Sebag Montefiore,Catherine the Great and Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair, London, 2010
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Quarterly, I and IV gules, a eagle argent, armed, beaked, langued, liée, and crowned Or (for
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Justin C. Vovk,In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa, USA, 2010
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Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010)
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Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010)
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Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010)
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During the summer of 1789, rebellions arose in the Austrian Netherlands inspired by the
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during the winter of 1792-1793 she moved with the seriously ill Albert to his hometown
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From December 1775 to July 1776, Maria Christina and Albert made an extended trip to
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Maria Christina got along very badly with her governess, Princess Maria Karoline von
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665:. She remained estranged from her mother for the rest of the Dowager Empress' life.
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Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer: Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide
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of Hungary; these posts forced him and his future wife to live in Pressburg. The
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by Dutch and French masters. One particular portrait made by Maria Christina in
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961:(with whom she had a cold relationship) and the Imperial ambassador of France,
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In the following years, Maria Christina developed an intense love affair with
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Maria Christina no longer exercised any political influence. After a stay in
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2692:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 1.
614:, and the Dowager Empress took care of even the furniture and tableware. In
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https://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00013818&tree=LEO
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Arms of Marie Christine of Austria and Albert of Saxony, Dukes of Teschen
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Cenotaph to Marie Christine of Austria in the Augustinerkirche, by Canova
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In 1787, Maria Christina and Albert were forced to introduce the radical
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622:. When the couple came to Vienna later, they were allowed to stay in the
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421:, described the then five-year-old Maria Christina as pretty and witty.
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decisively defeated the Austrian troops commanded by Prince Albert and
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following childbirth complications, left Maria Christina heartbroken.
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In January 1790, the Austrian Netherlands became in the independent
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By the end of July 1786, Maria Christina and her husband arrived in
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Self-portrait after an engraving of Johann Casper Heilmann, ca. 1765
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for the carriage of goods. Joseph II's plans to trade portions of
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development and foreign trade suffered through the barrier of the
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Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-SchillingsfĂĽrst
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Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
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946:
828:
820:
800:
977:. In mid-September 1786 the governors returned to Brussels.
2729:
Maria Theresia: Die Kaiserin in ihrer Zeit. Eine Biographie
1379:
family); overall and inescutcheon gules a fess argent (for
1341:
Consort's shield, the arms of King Augustus II of Poland –
1108:
at the side of Maria Christina's youngest brother Archduke
1105:
905:
was replaced in 1783 as Minister Plenipotentiary by Count
4262:
Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
980:
760:
Nephew and adopted son, later known as the winner of the
3268:
Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate
1088:
and in the next few weeks they gained this province and
1371:); III bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for
842:
1383:) impaling Or a bend gules three alerions argent (for
1084:: from Breda the anti-imperial "Patriot Army" invaded
626:. Finally, Maria Christina received a rich dowry: the
4256:
Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria
2936:
2613:
770:
2946:Generations are numbered by male-line descent from
1254:(18 October 1797) between Napoleon and Francis II.
486:The 17-year-old Maria Christina had a romance with
3618:Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
2726:
467:about 1762 showed the Imperial family celebrating
29:Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1574–1621)
4397:Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
4338:
4215:Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria
3688:Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1405:Ancestors of Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
396:, Austria. The next day she was baptized in the
2792:Archduchess Marie Christine, Duchess of Teschen
1882:Archduchess Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
938:on 7 February 1786 in a private performance at
715:Died shortly after her birth, is buried in the
563:In July 1765, the Imperial family travelled to
192:Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
3949:
2289:Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen
2169:Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
444:The Imperial family celebrating Saint Nicholas
3935:
3263:Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine
2922:
2195:Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
1182:of the later famous politician and statesman
406:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
4297:Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri
3740:Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
912:
404:; Christina was named after her grandmother
4046:Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat
2717:J. C. H. Blom: History of the Low Countries
2547:, Verlagsbuchhandlung Styria, Graz, p. 183.
2544:Ludwig FĂĽrst Starhemberg. Eine Lebensskizze
686:; however, they were both able to recover.
554:Prince Benedetto of Savoy, Duke of Chablais
288:Marie Christine Jeanne Josèphine Antoinette
4407:Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
4227:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂĽdingen
4146:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily
3942:
3928:
3597:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂĽdingen
2929:
2915:
963:Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau
706:Princess Maria Christina Theresa of Saxony
246:Princess Maria Christina Theresa of Saxony
47:
4417:Politicians from the Austrian Netherlands
4303:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
3769:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
3175:Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3145:Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
1389:; - enté en point azure an eagle or (for
1357:; - enté en point azure an eagle or (for
682:, while in mid-June Albert fell ill with
3655:Margarete Sophie, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
3527:Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
3505:Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
2753:. Bastei-LĂĽbbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1996,
1324:
1225:
1217:
779:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, by
774:
657:, was also in love with a minor prince,
618:Maria Christina and Albert received the
594:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, by
589:
582:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, by
577:
530:
438:
379:
4309:Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis PĂ©rez
4015:Claudia, Archduchess of Further Austria
3973:Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara
2315:Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
1213:
610:was renovated at a cost of 1.3 million
402:Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia
14:
4339:
4279:Helena, Duchess Philipp of WĂĽrttemberg
3585:Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria
3547:Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
3467:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
2625:(Kelly - University of Toronto, 1910).
2268:
2148:
2144:
2132:
2024:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1777:
1657:
1653:
1641:
1533:
1423:
1419:
1415:
981:Resistance to Joseph II's reform plans
446:, by Archduchess Maria Christina, 1762
279:Maria Christina Johanna Josefa Antonia
4447:Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
4175:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
3923:
3897:also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
3793:Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg
3694:Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm
3449:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
3273:Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress
3001:Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway
2995:Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
2910:
2636:Leopold II. Herrscher mit weiser Hand
2414:Stollberg-Rilinger 2017, pp. 761-767.
2344:
2334:
2330:
2318:
2312:
2302:
2286:
2276:
2272:
2256:
2250:
2240:
2227:Elisabeth Juliana of Holstein-Norburg
2224:
2214:
2210:
2198:
2192:
2182:
2166:
2156:
2152:
2126:
2116:
2100:
2090:
2086:
2074:
2068:
2058:
2042:
2032:
2028:
2012:
2006:
1996:
1980:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1948:
1938:
1921:
1911:
1907:
1879:
1869:
1853:
1843:
1839:
1827:
1824:Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
1821:
1811:
1795:
1785:
1781:
1765:
1759:
1749:
1733:
1723:
1719:
1707:
1701:
1691:
1675:
1665:
1661:
1635:
1625:
1609:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1551:
1541:
1537:
1521:
1515:
1505:
1489:
1479:
1475:
1463:
1457:
1447:
1431:
1427:
633:–whereupon Albert became entitled as
265:Mary Christina Joan Josephine Antonia
4078:Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine
4041:Anna, Archduchess of Further Austria
3856:Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine
3787:Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil
3699:Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma
3252:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
3230:Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
3052:Maria, Duchess of JĂĽlich-Cleves-Berg
2889:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
2801:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
2727:Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara (2017).
1051:
973:and his daughter, the famous writer
949:, following an invitation from King
843:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
365:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
230:
128:Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
107:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
4327:did not have a royal or noble birth
4221:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
4116:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
3861:Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
3830:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3665:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3591:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
3563:Maria Beatrix, Countess of MontizĂłn
3557:Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord
3495:Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
3490:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
3379:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
3289:Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
3007:Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia
2347:Christine Friederike of WĂĽrttemberg
2103:Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
1066:, aimed by a secret society called
345:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
24:
3613:Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans
3473:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
3109:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
2476:Stollberg-Rilinger 2017, pp. 762f.
1284:, behind the Loreto Chapel in the
907:Ludovico di Barbiano di Belgiojoso
803:to visit her siblings Leopold (in
661:, but was forcibly married off to
596:Johann Baptist von Lampi the Elder
499:and Clemens returned from Vienna.
25:
4468:
3825:Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
3724:Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski
3225:Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua
2948:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
2938:Austrian archduchesses by descent
2780:
2673:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 100–103.
1924:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
1798:Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
1554:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
1265:, she and her husband rented the
1080:. On 24 October 1789 started the
875:Georg Adam, Prince of Starhemberg
771:Life in Hungary and trip to Italy
488:Louis Eugene, Duke of WĂĽrttemberg
408:, however, she was always called
4322:* also an archduchess of Austria
4250:Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony
4198:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3799:Margaret, Princess of Monteleone
3521:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3461:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3335:Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
3215:Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria
3087:Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
2785:
2664:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 98–100.
2253:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
2045:Philip William, Elector Palatine
1159:, then to Vienna and finally in
881:, taking their residence there.
569:Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany
436:of Maria Christina's household.
384:Archduchess Maria Christina, by
4169:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
4134:Princess Maria Johanna Gabriela
3676:Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony
3623:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
3608:Maria Christina, Queen of Spain
3500:Clementina, Princess of Salerno
3437:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
3409:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples
3345:Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine
3220:Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland
2766:Belgien, Niederlande, Luxemburg
2700:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2628:
2610:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 95–98.
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2565:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 91–93.
2559:
2550:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2514:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 89–91.
2508:
2499:
2485:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 78–88.
2467:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 57–78.
931:Prima la musica e poi le parole
733:
690:
226:
215:Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen
4152:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
4128:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
3968:Isabella, Duchess of Bracciano
3745:Helena, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
3415:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
3391:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
3330:Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland
3246:Maria Theresa, Queen of France
3203:Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2009:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1762:Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
847:
837:War of the Bavarian Succession
375:
13:
1:
4402:Burials at the Imperial Crypt
3804:Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
3299:Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal
2963:Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
2882:Charles Alexander of Lorraine
2401:
1951:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
1638:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1434:Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine
1116:, staying a long time in the
1030:Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff
854:Charles Alexander of Lorraine
637:–, the towns of Mannersdorf,
558:Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine
508:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
353:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
317:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
4285:Rosa, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
4036:Margherita, Duchess of Parma
3751:Rosa, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
3709:Princess Isabella of Bavaria
3036:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
3013:Catherine, Queen of Portugal
2071:Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
1492:Claude Françoise of Lorraine
1230:Other detail of the cenotaph
729:, in order to have an heir.
567:for the wedding of Archduke
370:
355:. Married in 1766 to Prince
7:
4442:Daughters of queens regnant
4357:18th-century Austrian women
3995:Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua
3978:Virginia, Duchess of Modena
3552:Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
3077:Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
2899:Charles of Austria-Lorraine
2751:Die Töchter Maria Theresias
2574:Weissensteiner 1996, p. 93.
2505:Weissensteiner 1996, p. 88.
1704:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
1460:Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
1396:
1308:. It bears the inscription
1278:heart was buried separately
1006:, named after their leader
750:Archduke Charles of Austria
731:
688:
526:
138:Archduke Charles of Austria
73:8 April 1766 – 24 June 1798
10:
4473:
4367:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
3950:Tuscan princesses by birth
3903:also a princess of Tuscany
3851:Walburga, Countess Douglas
3719:Renata, Princess Radziwill
3645:Princess Gisela of Bavaria
3258:Maria Anna, Queen of Spain
3170:Constance, Queen of Poland
3120:Elisabeth, Queen of France
3067:Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
3062:Catherine, Queen of Poland
3042:Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
2979:Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
2806:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
2749:Friedrich Weissensteiner:
2262:
2146:
2138:
2018:
1901:
1897:
1771:
1655:
1647:
1527:
1421:
1417:
1337:of the Duchess of Teschen
1199:Charles François Dumouriez
1055:
544:, at that time capital of
504:Princess Isabella of Parma
359:, the couple received the
26:
18:Marie Christine of Austria
4427:Children of Maria Theresa
4362:18th-century women rulers
4318:
4271:
4244:Princess Maria Antonietta
4236:
4207:
4184:
4161:
4102:
4086:
4070:
4054:
4023:
3987:
3955:
3909:also a princess of Modena
3885:
3869:
3838:
3812:
3732:
3632:
3572:
3482:
3424:
3353:
3322:
3281:
3238:
3183:
3095:
3030:Maria, Holy Roman Empress
3022:
2987:
2971:
2955:
2944:
2895:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2863:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2799:
2541:A. Graf ThĂĽrheim (1889).
2332:
2324:
2296:
2274:
2270:
2234:
2212:
2204:
2176:
2154:
2150:
2110:
2088:
2080:
2052:
2030:
2026:
1990:
1968:
1960:
1932:
1909:
1905:
1863:
1856:Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
1841:
1833:
1805:
1783:
1779:
1743:
1721:
1713:
1685:
1663:
1659:
1619:
1597:
1589:
1561:
1539:
1535:
1518:Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
1499:
1477:
1469:
1441:
1425:
1044:(with the support of the
957:she met her sister Queen
913:Trip to Vienna and France
506:, who married the future
483:) were with their gifts.
332:
322:
312:
300:
264:
259:
254:
250:
240:
208:
196:
182:
155:
151:
143:
133:
123:
112:
105:
97:
87:
77:
69:
62:
46:
41:
4452:Female governors-general
4122:Princess Maria Elisabeth
4010:Princess Maria Maddalena
3891:also an infanta of Spain
3165:Margaret, Queen of Spain
3135:Anna, Holy Roman Empress
3047:Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
2129:Maria Theresa of Austria
762:Battle of Aspern-Essling
672:
663:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
616:Laxenburg castle complex
363:, and she was appointed
27:Not to be confused with
4031:Princess Maria Cristina
2655:Erbe 1993, pp. 176–179.
2619:Sandars, Mary Frances.
2601:Erbe 1993, pp. 174–176.
2556:Erbe 1993, pp. 172–174.
1320:
926:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
4140:Princess Maria Josepha
4005:Marie, Queen of France
3775:Princess Maria Antonia
2710:. Gerold, Vienna 1896
1330:
1310:Uxori Optimae Albertus
1280:and is located in the
1252:Treaty of Campo Formio
1231:
1223:
1184:Klemens von Metternich
1020:
921:Der Schauspieldirektor
784:
659:Charles of ZweibrĂĽcken
599:
587:
536:
447:
389:
287:
278:
4422:Daughters of emperors
3191:Anna, Queen of France
3140:Anna, Queen of Poland
2794:at Wikimedia Commons
2638:. Styria, Graz 1987,
1983:Maria Anna of Austria
1328:
1229:
1221:
1197:. The French General
1145:war against the Turks
1133:United Belgian States
1016:
903:Prince of Starhemberg
778:
593:
581:
534:
442:
383:
4392:Nobility from Vienna
4387:Duchesses of Teschen
4192:Princess Maria Luisa
3155:Gregoria Maximiliana
3125:Margaret (1567–1633)
3115:Anna, Queen of Spain
2811:Cadet branch of the
1678:Louis XIII of France
1214:Last years and death
1195:Revolutionary France
998:Hendrik Van der Noot
955:Palace of Versailles
858:Austrian Netherlands
635:Duke of Saxe-Teschen
584:Marcello Bacciarelli
573:Maria Luisa of Spain
430:Trautson-Falkenstein
173:Archduchy of Austria
4457:Daughters of counts
4377:Austrian princesses
4110:Princess Maria Anna
3542:Elisabeth Franziska
3160:Eleanor (1582–1620)
1580:Eleonore of Austria
1292:complex in Vienna.
852:After the death of
639:Ungarisch Altenburg
116:29 November 1780 –
4437:Daughters of kings
2874:Political offices
2850:Duchess of Teschen
1331:
1286:Augustinian Church
1232:
1224:
1207:Battle of Jemappes
1168:Flight to Varennes
1118:Poppelsdorf Palace
1114:Elector of Cologne
1110:Maximilian Francis
1082:Brabant Revolution
1058:Brabant Revolution
789:Hungarian nobility
785:
600:
588:
537:
448:
434:Obersthofmeisterin
390:
386:Martin van Meytens
64:Duchess of Teschen
55:Martin van Meytens
36:Duchess of Teschen
4334:
4333:
4329:
3917:
3916:
3130:Maria (1584–1649)
2905:
2904:
2896:Succeeded by
2864:Succeeded by
2814:House of Lorraine
2790:Media related to
2776:, p. 172–179
2742:978-3-406-69748-7
2706:Hanns Schlitter,
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
1069:Pro aris et focis
1064:French Revolution
1052:Twofold expulsion
987:Josephine Reforms
940:Schönbrunn Palace
768:
767:
722:
721:
496:Clemens of Saxony
457:Schönbrunn Palace
342:
341:
337:Roman Catholicism
307:Habsburg-Lorraine
296:
295:
177:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
4464:
4412:Albertine branch
4382:Dukes of Teschen
4320:
4291:Princess Dolores
3944:
3937:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3763:Maria Inmaculata
3670:Maria Antonietta
3660:Maria Annunciata
3150:Catherine Renata
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2879:Preceded by
2840:Preceded by
2830:
2823:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2761:, p. 57–103
2746:
2694:
2693:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2632:
2626:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
1612:Eleonora Gonzaga
1411:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1263:Augustinerbastei
1203:Charles de Croix
1104:they arrived to
959:Marie Antoinette
887:Palace of Laeken
796:Art Collection.
754:5 September 1771
732:
689:
631:Duchy of Teschen
361:Duchy of Teschen
357:Albert of Saxony
273:
266:
252:
251:
234:
232:
228:
189:
165:
163:
119:
51:
39:
38:
21:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4372:House of Wettin
4337:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4314:
4272:12th generation
4267:
4237:11th generation
4232:
4208:10th generation
4203:
4180:
4157:
4098:
4082:
4066:
4050:
4019:
3983:
3951:
3948:
3918:
3913:
3881:
3870:18th generation
3865:
3839:17th generation
3834:
3813:16th generation
3808:
3733:15th generation
3728:
3633:14th generation
3628:
3573:13th generation
3568:
3483:12th generation
3478:
3425:11th generation
3420:
3385:Maria Elisabeth
3361:Maria Elisabeth
3354:10th generation
3349:
3318:
3314:Maria Magdalena
3294:Maria Elisabeth
3277:
3234:
3179:
3091:
3018:
2983:
2967:
2951:
2940:
2935:
2901:
2892:
2884:
2869:
2855:
2853:
2845:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2802:
2783:
2743:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2633:
2629:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2399:
1736:Anne of Austria
1399:
1323:
1276:in Vienna. Her
1216:
1060:
1054:
1008:Jan Frans Vonck
983:
975:Madame de Staël
936:Antonio Salieri
915:
850:
845:
773:
680:puerperal fever
675:
598:, ca. 1766–1770
571:, with Infanta
529:
461:genre paintings
400:with the names
378:
373:
351:of Austria and
292:
269:
236:
224:
220:
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204:
191:
187:
167:
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159:
117:
58:
42:Maria Christina
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4470:
4460:
4459:
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4449:
4444:
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4419:
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4364:
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4230:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4195:
4188:
4186:
4185:9th generation
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4172:
4165:
4163:
4162:8th generation
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4106:
4104:
4103:7th generation
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4087:6th generation
4084:
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4080:
4074:
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4068:
4067:
4065:
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4058:
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4055:4th generation
4052:
4051:
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4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4024:3rd generation
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3988:2nd generation
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3963:Princess Maria
3959:
3957:
3956:1st generation
3953:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3924:
3915:
3914:
3912:
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3905:
3899:
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3532:Maria Caroline
3529:
3524:
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3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
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3479:
3477:
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3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3373:Maria Carolina
3370:
3364:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3323:9th generation
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3282:8th generation
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3240:
3239:7th generation
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3184:6th generation
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3096:5th generation
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3026:
3024:
3023:4th generation
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2989:
2988:3rd generation
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2972:2nd generation
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2956:1st generation
2953:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2894:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2867:Albert Casimir
2865:
2862:
2859:Albert Casimir
2846:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2835:Regnal titles
2832:
2831:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2782:
2781:External links
2779:
2778:
2777:
2764:Michael Erbe:
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1407:
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1400:
1398:
1395:
1322:
1319:
1306:Carrara marble
1298:Antonio Canova
1290:Hofburg Palace
1274:Imperial Crypt
1268:Palais Kaunitz
1215:
1212:
1056:Main article:
1053:
1050:
1046:Dutch Republic
982:
979:
971:Jacques Necker
914:
911:
849:
846:
844:
841:
809:Maria Carolina
781:Johann Zoffany
772:
769:
766:
765:
758:
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746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
720:
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717:Imperial Crypt
713:
710:
707:
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702:
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696:
693:
674:
671:
624:Hofburg Palace
528:
525:
469:Saint Nicholas
377:
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202:Imperial Crypt
200:
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190:(aged 56)
184:
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157:
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152:
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148:
147:Albert Casimir
145:
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101:Albert Casimir
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89:
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35:
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4432:LGBTQ royalty
4430:
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4029:
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4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:Princess Anna
3998:
3996:
3993:
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3990:
3986:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
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3966:
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3697:
3695:
3692:
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3686:
3683:
3682:Maria Theresa
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Marie Valerie
3648:
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3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3624:
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3616:
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3462:
3459:
3456:
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3433:
3432:Maria Theresa
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3403:Maria Josepha
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
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3340:Maria Theresa
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:Maria Josepha
3307:
3305:
3304:Maria Theresa
3302:
3300:
3297:
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2735:: C.H. Beck.
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2634:Helga Peham:
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1370:
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1356:
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1350:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1333:The personal
1327:
1318:
1315:
1314:Enlightenment
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
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1272:Vault of the
1270:
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1025:Joseph Murray
1019:
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757:30 April 1847
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477:Maria Antonia
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349:Maria Theresa
346:
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327:Maria Theresa
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30:
19:
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3896:
3890:
3455:Maria Amalia
3378:
2887:
2856:
2848:
2829:24 June 1798
2826:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2784:
2765:
2750:
2728:
2707:
2701:Bibliography
2689:
2684:
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2588:
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2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
1881:
1362:
1342:
1335:coat of arms
1332:
1309:
1294:
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1262:
1256:
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1017:
1012:
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992:
984:
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916:
891:
883:
851:
833:Pope Pius VI
817:Maria Amalia
798:
786:
723:
676:
667:
655:Maria Amalia
652:
644:
634:
619:
608:local castle
603:
601:
562:
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538:
521:
501:
485:
449:
443:
433:
427:
423:
413:
409:
401:
391:
344:
343:
188:(1798-06-24)
186:24 June 1798
118:1 March 1792
53:Portrait by
33:
4352:1798 deaths
4347:1742 births
3515:Maria Luisa
2822:13 May 1742
2622:Louis XVIII
1288:within the
1141:enlightened
848:First years
712:17 May 1767
709:16 May 1767
648:Schloss Hof
604:Statthalter
376:Early years
166:13 May 1742
124:Predecessor
78:Predecessor
4341:Categories
3580:Maria Anna
3510:Maria Anna
3443:Maria Anna
3367:Maria Anna
2893:1781–1793
2402:References
1302:Freemasons
1191:Francis II
1137:Leopold II
1094:Luxembourg
620:GrĂĽnnehaus
481:Maximilian
162:1742-05-13
3209:Margarita
3057:Magdalena
2854:1766–1798
2843:Joseph II
2646:, p. 300.
1349:Lithuania
1282:Herzgruft
1157:Frankfurt
1153:Vonckists
1003:Vonckists
996:, led by
953:. In the
951:Louis XVI
862:Joseph II
825:Ferdinand
794:Albertina
565:Innsbruck
542:Pressburg
473:Ferdinand
371:Biography
271:‹See Tfd›
263:English:
144:Alongside
134:Successor
98:Alongside
88:Successor
82:Joseph II
3877:Eleonore
3846:Gabriela
3820:Adelheid
3714:Eleonora
3603:Mathilda
3072:Margaret
2768:, 1993,
1397:Ancestry
1385:Lorraine
1373:Burgundy
1248:Napoleon
1172:Provence
1149:Statists
1126:Mechelen
1090:Flanders
1078:Brussels
993:Statists
899:Bavarian
879:Brussels
805:Florence
684:smallpox
628:Silesian
556:(son of
527:Marriage
517:Eurydice
419:Podewils
333:Religion
3781:Assunta
3757:Dolores
3537:Hermine
3397:Johanna
2712:on-line
1391:Teschen
1381:Austria
1369:Bohemia
1365:Hungary
1359:Teschen
1339:impales
1259:Teplitz
1240:Dresden
1236:MĂĽnster
1205:at the
1161:Dresden
1102:Koblenz
1086:Brabant
1038:Brabant
895:Scheldt
727:Charles
612:florins
546:Hungary
513:Orpheus
465:gouache
398:Hofburg
235:
223:
219:
3640:Sophie
3082:Helena
2825:
2772:
2757:
2739:
2733:Munich
2642:
2454:
1926:(= 18)
1377:Medici
1353:Saxony
1345:Poland
1244:Vienna
1176:Artois
1074:Laeken
871:Tienen
867:Vienna
823:) and
813:Naples
783:, 1776
744:Notes
701:Notes
586:, 1766
492:Albert
452:Jesuit
394:Vienna
388:, 1750
323:Mother
313:Father
284:French
275:German
229:
209:Spouse
197:Burial
169:Vienna
113:Tenure
57:, 1765
3197:MarĂa
2857:with
2827:Died:
2820:Born:
2688:[
1098:Trier
1042:Breda
947:Paris
829:Milan
821:Parma
801:Italy
741:Death
738:Birth
698:Death
695:Birth
673:Issue
410:Marie
302:House
255:Names
242:Issue
233:)
225:(
221:
70:Reign
4094:none
4062:none
2770:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2737:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2452:ISBN
2345:31.
2313:15.
2287:30.
2225:29.
2193:14.
2167:28.
2101:27.
2069:13.
2043:26.
1981:25.
1949:12.
1922:24.
1854:23.
1822:11.
1796:22.
1734:21.
1702:10.
1676:20.
1610:19.
1552:18.
1490:17.
1432:16.
1321:Arms
1174:and
1151:and
1106:Bonn
1100:and
1076:for
928:and
827:(in
819:(in
811:(in
735:Name
692:Name
515:and
494:and
479:and
414:Mimi
231:1766
183:Died
156:Born
3895:**
2251:7.
2127:3.
2007:6.
1880:1.
1760:5.
1636:2.
1578:9.
1516:4.
1458:8.
1393:).
934:of
924:of
873:by
815:),
807:),
412:or
4343::
3907:#
3901:^
3889:*
3248:**
3211:**
3205:**
3199:**
3193:**
3111:**
3105:**
2731:.
1096:,
839:.
764:.
475:,
286::
277::
227:m.
175:,
171:,
4325:^
4311:*
4305:*
4299:*
4293:*
4287:*
4281:*
4264:*
4258:*
4252:*
4246:*
4229:*
4223:*
4217:*
4200:*
4194:*
4177:*
4171:*
4154:*
4148:*
4142:*
4136:*
4130:*
4124:*
4118:*
4112:*
3980:^
3943:e
3936:t
3929:v
3795:^
3789:^
3783:^
3777:^
3771:^
3765:^
3759:^
3753:^
3747:^
3690:^
3684:^
3678:^
3672:^
3625:#
3599:^
3593:^
3587:^
3565:#
3559:#
3523:^
3517:^
3475:#
3469:#
3463:#
3457:^
3451:^
3445:^
3439:^
3417:^
3411:^
3405:^
3399:^
3393:^
3387:^
3381:^
3375:^
3369:^
3363:^
3254:*
3038:*
3032:*
3015:*
3009:*
3003:*
2997:*
2930:e
2923:t
2916:v
2745:.
2458:.
1387:)
1355:)
164:)
160:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
