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1393:, to discuss these sites, with the goal of narrowing down the list to three sites for further consideration. The three sites chosen were Jezero crater, Northeastern Syrtis Major Planum, and Columbia Hills. Jezero crater was ultimately selected as the landing site in November 2018. The "fetch rover" for returning the samples is expected to launch in 2026. The landing and surface operations of the "fetch rover" would take place early in 2029. The earliest return to
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2270:. After registering their names, participants received a digital ticket with details of the mission's launch and destination. There were 10,932,295 names submitted during the registration period. In addition, NASA announced in June 2019 that a student naming contest for the rover would be held in the fall of 2019, with voting on nine finalist names held in January 2020.
2010:
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743:. The Science Definition Team proposed that the rover collect and package as many as 31 samples of rock cores and surface soil for a later mission to bring back for definitive analysis on Earth. In 2015, they expanded the concept, planning to collect even more samples and distribute the tubes in small piles or caches across the surface of Mars.
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2012:
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Each Mars mission contributes to an ongoing innovation chain. Each draws on prior operations or tested technologies and contributes uniquely to upcoming missions. By using this strategy, NASA is able to advance the frontiers of what is currently feasible while still depending on earlier advancements.
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rover will explore a site likely to have been habitable. It will seek signs of past life, set aside a returnable cache with the most compelling rock core and soil samples, and demonstrate the technology needed for the future human and robotic exploration of Mars. A key mission requirement is that it
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in San
Francisco. The selection of Mars as the target of NASA's flagship mission elicited surprise from some members of the scientific community. Some criticized NASA for continuing to focus on Mars exploration instead of other Solar System destinations in constrained budget times. Support came from
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sample tube, two regolith sample tubes, an atmosphere sample tube, and three witness tubes. Before launch, 5 of the 43 tubes were designated "witness tubes" and filled with materials that would capture particulates in the ambient environment of Mars. Out of 43 tubes, 3 witness sample tubes will not
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on Mars in 2012. The craft from Earth was a carbon fiber capsule that protected the rover and other equipment from heat during entry into the Mars atmosphere and initial guidance towards the planned landing site. Once through, the craft jettisoned the lower heat shield and deployed a parachute from
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In
September 2013, NASA launched an Announcement of Opportunity for researchers to propose and develop the instruments needed, including the Sample Caching System. The science instruments for the mission were selected in July 2014 after an open competition based on the scientific objectives set one
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The main arm includes five electrical motors and five joints (known as the shoulder azimuth joint, shoulder elevation joint, elbow joint, wrist joint and turret joint). Measuring 7 feet (2.1 meters) long, the arm will allow the rover to work as a human geologist would: by holding and using science
826:
The heat shield (left) and back shell (right) together make up the aeroshell for NASA's Mars 2020 mission. The diameter of each part is about 15 feet (4.5 metres). The rover and its descent stage were enclosed and shielded by the aeroshell during their deep space voyage to Mars and upon entry into
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1421:
The launch window, when the positions of Earth and Mars were optimal for traveling to Mars, opened on July 17, 2020, and lasted through August 15, 2020. The rocket was launched on July 30, 2020, at 11:50 UTC, and the rover landed on Mars on
February 18, 2021, at 20:55 UTC, with a planned surface
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One of the upgrades is a guidance and control technique called "Terrain
Relative Navigation" (TRN) to fine-tune steering in the final moments of landing. This system allowed for a landing inside 7.7 km × 6.6 km (4.8 mi × 4.1 mi) wide ellipse with a positioning error
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safely to the
Martian surface. The Descent Stage carries 400 kg (880 lb) landing propellant for the final soft landing burn after being slowed down by a 21.5 m (71 ft)-wide, 81 kg (179 lb) parachute. The 1,025 kg (2,260 lb) rover is based on the design of
798:
Improved precision landing technology that enhances the scientific value of robotic missions also will be critical for eventual human exploration on the surface. Based on input from the
Science Definition Team, NASA defined the final objectives for the 2020 rover. Those became the basis for
1135:, at 1,025 kg (2,260 lb) and 899 kg (1,982 lb), respectively. The rover will include a five-jointed robotic arm measuring 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) long. The arm will be used in combination with a turret to analyze geologic samples from the Martian surface.
1495:(EDL) sequence of the Mars 2020 mission using InSight's seismometers. Despite being more than 3,400 km (2,100 mi) away from the Mars landing site, the team indicated that there was a possibility that InSight's instruments would be sensitive enough to detect the hypersonic
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year earlier. The science conducted by the rover's instruments will provide the context needed for detailed analyses of the returned samples. The chairman of the
Science Definition Team stated that NASA does not presume that life ever existed on Mars, but given the recent
1354:". The sediments in the delta likely include carbonates and hydrated silica, known to preserve microscopic fossils on Earth for billions of years. Prior to the selection of Jezero, eight proposed landing sites for the mission were under consideration by September 2015;
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showed that its rotor blades, possibly all four, were damaged, resulting in the decision not to fly again. Final system tests and retrieval of data are ongoing. Ingenuity Team have named the final landing spot and resting place of
Ingenuity in Airfield Chi (χ) as
1350:, which scientists speculate was a 250 m (820 ft) deep lake about 3.9 billion to 3.5 billion years ago. Jezero today features a prominent river delta where water flowing through it deposited much sediment over the eons, which is "extremely good at preserving
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A key mission requirement for this rover is that it must help prepare NASA for its Mars sample-return mission (MSR) campaign, which is needed before any crewed mission takes place. Such effort would require three additional vehicles: an orbiter, a fetch rover, and a
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The second campaign shall start with several months of travel towards the "Three Forks" where
Perseverance can access geologic locations at the base of the ancient delta of Neretva river, as well as ascend the delta by driving up a valley wall to the northwest.
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50 cm (20 in) wheels. The aluminium wheels are covered with cleats for traction and curved titanium spokes for springy support. The combination of the larger instrument suite, new
Sampling and Caching System, and modified wheels makes
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to test the Lander Vision System (LVS), as part of the Autonomous Descent and Ascent Powered-flight Testbed (ADAPT) experimental technologies, for the Mars 2020 mission landing, meant to increase the landing accuracy and avoid obstacle hazards.
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helicopter, $ 243 million for launch services, and $ 296 million for 2.5 years of mission operations. Adjusted for inflation, Mars 2020 is the sixth-most expensive robotic planetary mission made by NASA and is cheaper than its predecessor, the
4361:, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida
1162:. Unlike solar panels, the MMRTG does not rely on the presence of the Sun for power, providing engineers with significant flexibility in operating the rover's instruments even at night and during dust storms, and through the winter season.
2011:
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872:. The sample container would be transferred to an Earth entry vehicle (EEV) which would bring it to Earth, enter the atmosphere under a parachute and hard-land for retrieval and analyses in specially designed safe laboratories.
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NASA announced that all of the trajectory correction maneuvers (TCM) were a success. The spacecraft fired thrusters to adjust its course toward Mars, shifting the probe's initial post-launch aim point onto the Red Planet.
10033:
1212:, new technological innovations will be demonstrated, and entry, descent, and landing capabilities will be improved. These advancements will help open the door for future robotic and human missions to the Moon and Mars.
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are included to meet peak demands of rover activities when the demand temporarily exceeds the MMRTG's steady electrical output levels. The MMRTG offers a 14-year operational lifetime, and it was provided to NASA by the
2022:
4819:
Fernando, Benjamin; Wójcicka, Natalia; Froment, Marouchka; Maguire, Ross; Stähler, Simon C.; Rolland, Lucie; Collins, Gareth S.; Karatekin, Ozgur; Larmat, Carene; Sansom, Eleanor K.; Teanby, Nicholas A. (2021).
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and heat shield) and rover chassis could essentially be recreated without any additional engineering or research. This reduces overall technical risk for the mission, while saving funds and time on development.
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performs an arching drive southward from its landing site to the Séítah unit to perform a "toe dip" into the unit to collect remote-sensing measurements of geologic targets. After that she will return to the
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4419:"NASA Mars 2020 Rover Gets a Landing Site: A Crater That Contained a Lake – The rover will search the Jezero Crater and delta for the chemical building blocks of life and other signs of past microbes"
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broadcast. Upon release of this footage, engineers revealed that the rover's parachute contained a puzzle; Internet users had solved it within six hours. The parachute's pattern was based on
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1684:, the rover lost contact with the helicopter. By suspending scientific operations on the rover to listen for signals from the helicopter, NASA was able to regain contact and resume flights.
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Using spare parts and mission plans developed for NASA's Curiosity Mars rover, the space agency says it can build and launch the rover in 2020 and stay within current budget guidelines.
1278:, which relays the information to Earth. NASA will build on the helicopter's design for future Mars missions. The helicopter flew 72 times until its end of mission on January 25, 2024.
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as the source of steady supply of heat that is converted to electricity. The electrical power generated is approximately 110 watts at launch with little decrease over the mission time.
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5355:"NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021"
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the backshell to slow the descent to a controlled speed. With the craft moving under 320 km/h (200 mph) and about 1.9 km (1.2 mi) from the surface, the rover and
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the following day, confirming its status. The helicopter was not expected to be deployed for at least 60 days into the mission. NASA also confirmed that the on-board microphone on
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be returned to Earth and will remain on rover as the sample canister will only have 30 tube slots. Further, 10 of the 43 tubes are left as backups at the Three Forks Sample Depot.
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efforts. The rover will make measurements and technology demonstrations to help designers of a future human expedition understand any hazards posed by Martian dust, and will test
2254:
s mission without needing to redesign them, which helped save "probably tens of millions, if not 100 million dollars" according to Mars 2020 Deputy Chief Engineer Keith Comeaux.
1558:(EDL), along with other high-end visual recording devices, and released the first audio recorded on the surface of Mars shortly after landing, capturing the sound of a Martian
1146:
during its construction, was integrated onto the rover to supply electrical power. The generator has a mass of 45 kg (99 lb) and contains 4.8 kg (11 lb) of
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successfully landed on the surface of Mars with help of the sky crane on February 18, 2021, at 20:55 UTC, to begin its science phase, and began sending images back to Earth.
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assembly detached from the backshell, and rockets on the sky crane controlled the remaining descent to the planet. As the sky crane moved closer to the surface, it lowered
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To raise public awareness of the Mars 2020 mission, NASA undertook a "Send Your Name To Mars" campaign, through which people could send their names to Mars on a
4487:
591:; 2 years, 341 days) before sustaining serious damage to its rotor blades, possibly all four, causing NASA to retire the craft on January 25, 2024.
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of its headquarters. Irregular patterns are frequently used on spacecraft parachutes to better determine the performance of specific parts of the parachute.
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the Martian atmosphere, which generated intense heat. The aeroshell was made by Lockheed Martin Space in Denver, Colorado, where the photo was taken.
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973:. While there are differences in scientific instruments and the engineering required to support them, the entire landing system (including the
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The three major components of the Mars 2020 spacecraft are the 539 kg (1,188 lb) cruise stage for travel between Earth and Mars; the
646:. The rover also employs nineteen cameras and two microphones, allowing for the audio recording of the Martian environment. On April 30, 2021,
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and pay "tribute to the perseverance of healthcare workers around the world". The COVID-19 Perseverance Plate features planet Earth above the
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soliciting proposals to provide instruments for the rover's science payload in the spring of 2014. The mission will also attempt to identify
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5078:"NASA receives first weather reports from Perseverance rover on Mars at Jezero Crater – The weather data is crucial as the first flight of
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On February 22, 2021, NASA released uninterrupted footage of the landing process of Mars 2020 from parachute deployment to touchdown in a
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1785:. As of October 2023, 27 out of 43 sample tubes have been filled, including 8 igneous rock samples, 12 sedimentary rock sample tubes, a
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699:, who said he was interested in the possibility of advancing the launch date, which would enable a larger payload. Science educator
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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samples collected to date (The 10 duplicate samples to be left behind at Three Forks Sample Depot are framed in green colour.)
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to collect the first core sample there. Passing by the Octavia B. Butler landing site concludes the first science campaign.
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3573:"Mission Concept Study: Planetary Science Decadal Survey – MSR Orbiter Mission (Including Mars Returned Sample Handling)"
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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Ross, D.; Russell, J.; Sutter, B. (March 2012). "Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV): Designing for high heritage and low risk".
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mission that had an elliptical area of 7 by 20 km (4.3 by 12.4 mi). In October 2016, NASA reported using the
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endorsed the Mars sample-return role, saying this would be "extraordinarily fantastic and world-changing and worthy."
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Prince, Andrew; McCauley, Rachel; Kibbey, Timothy; McCollum, Lisa; Oglesby, Britt; Stenfanski, Philip (March 2019).
1719:, that has some indications it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago, but further research is needed.
1521:
via cables until it confirmed touchdown, detached the cables, and flew a distance away to avoid damaging the rover.
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Mars ascent vehicle (MAV). Between 20 and 30 drilled samples will be collected and cached inside small tubes by the
35:
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during its first test flight at an altitude of 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in), showing its shadow on the ground
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is one of the seven instruments that have been placed on board. The radar has been developed together with FFI (
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Perseverance photographed a thermal blanket from the skycrane 2 km (1.2 mi) away from its crash site.
2040:
811:, and other potential environmental conditions that could affect future astronauts living and working on Mars.
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on the red planet next year, and is expected to get more rolling companions built by China, Europe and Russia"
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1651:. The "watchdog issue", a recurring issue which occasionally prevented Ingenuity from taking flight, is fixed.
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descent vehicle + 440 kg (970 lb) heat shield; and the 1,070 kg (2,360 lb) (fueled mass)
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on February 18, 2021, with confirmation received at 20:55 UTC. On March 5, 2021, NASA named the landing site
1464:
642:, and it uses many components already fabricated and tested in addition to new scientific instruments and a
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to produce a "fetch rover" concept study. The MAV would launch from Mars and enter a 500 km orbit and
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1630:(MOXIE) generated 5.37 g (0.189 oz) of oxygen gas from carbon dioxide on its first test on Mars.
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rover, and will be left on the surface of Mars for possible later retrieval by NASA in collaboration with
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3959:"Fresh Eyes on Mars: Mars 2020 Lander Vision System Tested through NASA's Flight Opportunities Program"
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1658:. This flight is the first to explore areas only an aerial vehicle can, by taking a shortcut over the
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The launch of Mars 2020 was the third of three space missions sent toward Mars during the July 2020
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3318:"Release 14-208 – NASA Announces Mars 2020 Rover Payload to Explore the Red Planet as Never Before"
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1906:(left) about 85 m (279 ft) away from 5.0 m (16.4 ft) in the air (25 April 2021)
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See Mars Like Never Before! NASA's Perseverance Rover Sends New Video and Images of the Red Planet
1711:
July 25, 2024 - NASA's Perseverance rover discovered "leopard spots" on a reddish rock nicknamed "
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1111:, which, after kilometres of driving on the Martian surface, have shown progressed deterioration.
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5543:"NASA's Mars 2020 Rover Gets New, Official Name: Perseverance – The robotic explorer is to join
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2969:"The sounds of Mars: NASA's Perseverance rover will put ears on the Red Planet for the 1st time"
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on July 23, 2020, arriving in orbit on February 10, 2021, and successfully soft landed with the
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Engineers determined that the helicopter sustained damage after a communications blackout with
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4822:"Listening for the Landing: Seismic Detections of Perseverance's arrival at Mars with InSight"
4488:"Mars scientists tap ancient river deltas and hot springs as promising targets for 2020 rover"
1990:
1588:"Crater Floor Fractured Rough" is the area from which the first rock sample shall be collected
1271:
and uses autonomous control guided by flight plan instructions uploaded from mission control.
661:, with missions also launched by the national space agencies of the United Arab Emirates (the
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recording of the ambient noise on Mars, modified to remove the background sounds of the rover
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5510:"Virginia Middle School Student Earns Honor of Naming NASA's Next Mars Rover "Perseverance""
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engineering team, as both are quite similar and share common hardware. Engineers redesigned
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within 40 m (130 ft) and avoided obstacles. This is a marked improvement from the
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The Mars 2020 mission was announced by NASA on December 4, 2012, at the fall meeting of the
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1181:, and a number of Norwegian companies. Space has also been found for the first time for an
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Sample souvenir boarding pass for those who registered their names to be flown aboard the
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rover, which touched down on Mars in 2012, is directly responsible for a large portion of
625:. The Mars 2020 mission was announced by NASA in December 2012 at the fall meeting of the
8:
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on the Mars 2020 mission over 10 years: almost $ 2.2 billion on the development of the
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mission on July 23, 2020, with an orbiter, deployable and remote cameras, lander, and
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wheels, with reduced width and a greater diameter, 52.5 cm (20.7 in), than
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5415:"Answering Your (Mars 2020) Questions: Perseverance versus Curiosity Rover Hardware"
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2338:, with a line showing the trajectory of the Mars 2020 spacecraft departing Earth.
731:—of past microbial life, and water. The mission was launched July 30, 2020, on an
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2880:. NASA / Mars Program Planning Group. September 25, 2012. Archived from
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Virtual Guest Program Post flight mission patch given to Eventbrite subscribers
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orbiter on July 20, 2020, which arrived in Mars orbit on February 8, 2021, and
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or 687 Earth days). Two other missions to Mars were launch in this window: the
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3428:"Mars 2020 Rover To Include Test Device To Tap Planet's Atmosphere for Oxygen"
2841:
for Membership on the Science Definition Team for the 2020 Mars Science Rover"
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2675:"Some evidence of ancient Martian life has mysteriously vanished, NASA finds"
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5919:. Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations of Martian surface.
4973:"NASA shares first video and audio, new images from Mars Perseverance rover"
4392:"After Three Years on Mars, NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter Mission Ends - NASA"
2122:
Perseverance photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 14).
1956:
1562:
as well as a hum from the rover itself. On May 7, 2021, NASA confirmed that
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How the Perseverance Mars Rover Will Help NASA Return Mars Samples to Earth
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1208:'s rover design, including its entry, descent, and landing mechanism. With
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5229:
5107:
4798:"Mars missions complete first course corrections on journey to Red Planet"
2649:"Mars | Facts, Surface, Moons, Temperature, & Atmosphere | Britannica"
848:. A "fetch rover" would retrieve the sample caches and deliver them to a
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5624:"The inspiring hidden message in the Mars Perseverance rover's parachute"
4846:
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4470:
rover will visit the perfect spot to find signs of life, new studies show
4354:
3451:"Curiosity EDL data to provide 2020 Mars Rover with super landing skills"
2397:
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1320:
1230:
905:
Animation of Mars 2020's trajectory from 30 July 2020 to 20 February 2021
696:
5052:
4685:"NASA books nuclear-certified Atlas 5 rocket for Mars 2020 rover launch"
4366:
4045:"Mars 2020 rover receives upgraded eyesight for tricky skycrane landing"
3882:
Here's an example of the crazy lengths NASA goes to land safely on Mars.
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5173:"NASA's Perseverance Rover Scientists Find Intriguing Mars Rock - NASA"
4927:"Incredible new images shared by Perseverance rover after Mars landing"
4510:"PIA19303: A Possible Landing Site for the 2020 Mission: Jezero Crater"
3154:"NASA Announces New Twin Rover for Curiosity Launching to Mars in 2020"
2318:
650:
became the first spacecraft to hear and record another spacecraft, the
643:
5021:"NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight"
3740:(in French). No. 61. January 2021. pp. 42–43. Archived from
2559:"Touchdown! NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover Safely Lands on Red Planet"
621:
sample containers along its route for retrieval by a potential future
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4996:"Perseverance rover has sent back stunning video and audio from Mars"
4881:"NASA probe on Mars may feel the ground shake as rovers land in 2021"
2760:"After Three Years on Mars, NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter Mission Ends"
2727:"Life on Mars? This Could Be the Place NASA's Rover Helps Us Find It"
2527:"NASA, ULA Launch Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission to Red Planet"
2475:"NASA's Mars Helicopter Survives First Cold Martian Night on Its Own"
2263:
1499:
of Mars 2020's cruise mass balance devices with the Martian surface.
1444:
1116:
951:
670:
5572:"The Launch Is Approaching for NASA's Next Mars Rover, Perseverance"
5195:"Has NASA's Mars rover Perseverance found evidence of ancient life?"
4445:"Jezero Crater or Bust! NASA Picks Landing Site for Mars 2020 Rover"
3899:"NASA Mars Rover Team Aims for Landing Closer to Prime Science Site"
2186:
Graph of MOXIE's first martian oxygen production test, 20 April 2021
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5675:"The face of the Perseverance landing was an Indian American woman"
2503:"NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday"
1774:
1264:
helicopter that made the first aircraft flights on another planet.
727:
on Mars in the ancient past, and also at searching for evidence—or
700:
8558:
8328:
7835:
7831:
3924:
Williams, Leslie; Webster, Guy; Anderson, Gina (October 4, 2016).
3853:"How NASA Aims to Achieve Perseverance's High-Stakes Mars Landing"
1742:
The pointed one with two windows on the left is the regolith drill
13562:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5585:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5527:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5494:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5475:
Agle, D.C.; Hautaluoma, Grwy; Johnson, Alana (January 21, 2020).
5461:
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5062:
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2784:
NASA Science Live: Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Tribute & Legacy
2608:
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2576:
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2409:
1488:
1193:
and his team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Los Angeles.
822:
732:
544:
504:
221:
13119:
13042:(Earth gravity assist; Apr 2020, Venus gravity assist; Oct 2020)
12243:
5477:"Nine Finalists Chosen in NASA's Mars 2020 Rover Naming Contest"
1487:
Prior to landing, the Science Team from an earlier NASA lander,
13645:
11968:
11854:
11849:
11469:
11449:
11435:
11411:
10812:
10743:
10240:
10105:
9270:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9083:
9078:
9068:
9063:
9020:
9015:
9005:
8995:
8731:
8716:
8707:
8669:
8659:
8564:
8520:
8484:
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6053:
6048:
5725:
4904:"The Skycrane: How NASA's Perseverance rover will land on Mars"
3543:"NASA Eyes Sample-Return Capability for Post-2020 Mars Orbiter"
2105:
photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19).
1786:
1274:
After each landing, it transmits photographs and other data to
1166:
857:
6648:
5923:
4818:
4295:
4293:
149:: 3 years, 7 months and 13 days (since landing)
11932:
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23.73 km (14.75 mi) as of 3 January 2024
6302:
5864:
Mars 2020: LANDING of Rover (3:55pm/et/usa, 18 February 2021
5508:
Hautaluoma, Grey; Johnsom, Alana; Agle, DC (March 5, 2020).
3639:
3074:"NASA Announces New Mars Rover: De ja vu, all over again..."
12952:
12198:
9931:
8794:
8711:
7978:
7554:
4602:"Three sites where NASA might retrieve its first Mars rock"
4567:. NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from
4290:
1834:
First image taken by the rover after its successful landing
1730:
1559:
1316:
588:
580:
572:
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524:
342:
261:
88:
74:
5854:
Mars 2020: LANDING of Rover (3:25; 18 February 2021; NASA)
5650:"NASA Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Prepares for First Flight"
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3232:"NASA considers kicking Mars sample return into high gear"
7650:
Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets
5755:
Mars 2020: Rover and Beyond Conference (51:42; July 2014)
4639:. NASA. July 28, 2020. Event occurs from 39:55 to 42:13.
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3104:"Bill Nye, the (planetary) science guy, on NASA's future"
3017:"NASA announces plans for new US$ 1.5 billion Mars rover"
2923:"Scientists Offer Wary Support for NASA's New Mars Rover"
2624:"Why Mars? The fascination with exploring the red planet"
2049:
after its fifth flight landing on Airfield B (7 May 2021)
1882:
rover – Panoramic view of landing site (18 February 2021)
856:
Mars ascent vehicle (MAV). In July 2018, NASA contracted
845:
7784:
5810:
Mars 2020: Assembly – (Live stream; since November 2019)
4335:
Decision expected soon on adding helicopter to Mars 2020
3788:"A Neil Armstrong for Mars: Landing the Mars 2020 Rover"
3388:"Science Team Outlines Goals for NASA's 2020 Mars Rover"
3195:"Science Team Outlines Goals for NASA's 2020 Mars Rover"
1546:
reported back to NASA via the communications systems on
9900:
4151:
tools with its turret, which is essentially its "hand".
3923:
3717:
3246:"Announcement of Opportunity: Mars 2020 Investigations"
2443:
2441:
2274:
was announced to be the winning name on March 5, 2020.
5799:
Mars 2020: Jezero crater flyover (2:13; December 2018)
3557:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
1695:
just before the landing of flight 72. Photos taken by
155:: 2 years, 9 months and 22 days (final)
13900:
5843:
Mars 2020: LAUNCH of Rover (1:11; 30 July 2020; NASA)
5777:
Mars 2020: Building the Mission (3:00; December 2017)
5507:
5474:
4134:"Mars 2020 Rover's 7-Foot-Long Robotic Arm Installed"
3926:"NASA Flight Program Tests Mars Lander Vision System"
3820:"Mars 2020 Rover: Entry, Descent, and Landing System"
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2326:
In May 2020, NASA attached a small aluminum plate to
1687:
January 25, 2024 – NASA announces end of mission for
1573:
1468:
Diagram of the various stages of the EDL process for
950:(EDLS) that includes the 575 kg (1,268 lb)
3671:
How NASA's Next Mars Rover Will Hunt for Alien Life.
2561:. NASA's Mars Exploration Program. February 18, 2021
2438:
1745:
the two shorter ones on the right are abrasion tools
1570:
s fourth flight which took place on April 30, 2021.
1459:
6470:
Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator
5744:
Mars 2020: Proposed Science Goals (3:09; July 2013)
4018:"Curiosity wheel damage: The problem and solutions"
3037:
2821:
1677:
acquired its first sample from the ancient lakebed.
1140:
Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
739:manages the mission. The mission is part of NASA's
551:on July 30, 2020, and landed in the Martian crater
9712:Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
9557:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
5788:Mars 2020: Building the Rover (3:50; October 2018)
4328:
2997:
2807:"Panel: Next Mars rover should gather rocks, soil"
2000:, at around 5.2 m (17 ft) high in flight
1491:, announced that they would attempt to detect the
539:, and associated delivery systems, as part of the
12909:ending of P Cygni profile hydrogen emission lines
9628:
7170:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
7160:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
4009:
3598:
2967:February 2021, Mike Wall 17 (February 17, 2021).
13948:
5766:Mars 2020: Next Mission to Mars (8:57; May 2017)
5303:"Sample Caching Dry Run, 1st sample tube cached"
5134:"Images from the Mars Perseverance Rover - NASA"
3986:
3536:
3534:
3238:
3145:
2345:The supersonic parachute that helped decelerate
1920:rover – Possible route for exploration and study
1617:(MEDA) recorded the first weather report on Mars
617:within accessible geological materials. It will
8789:
7095:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)
5930:Clicking on the labels will open a new article.
5832:Mars 2020: LAUNCH of Rover (6:40; 30 July 2020)
5278:"NASA's Perseverance Plans Next Sample Attempt"
4412:
4410:
4408:
4166:
3666:
3664:
1502:The rover's landing was planned similar to the
1389:A workshop was held on February 8–10, 2017, in
803:, improve landing techniques, and characterize
143:Planned: 1 Mars year (668 sols, 687 Earth days)
5501:
5468:
4776:"Three Mars Missions Set to Arrive This Month"
4543:"Researcher discusses where to land Mars 2020"
3421:
3419:
3309:
2400:delivered the news of the successful landing.
2155:photographed an apparent EDL debris (April 3).
1781:), and atmosphere samples are being cached by
1187:Norwegian University of Science and Technology
13135:
12259:
11361:
11347:
9916:
9369:
8775:
7770:
6924:
6664:
6318:
5534:
5346:
5275:
5053:"Perseverance Scouts First Sampling Location"
4735:
4676:
4534:
4502:
4301:"Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit"
3917:
3779:
3734:"Fiche Technique: Mars 2020 Vaisseau Spatial"
3531:
2966:
2752:
601:relevant ancient environment on Mars for its
7075:List of microorganisms tested in outer space
4950:"Ingenuity helicopter phones home from Mars"
4699:
4436:
4405:
4344:
4269:
4070:"Mars 2020 – Body: New Wheels for Mars 2020"
3661:
3180:"Mars Planning Group Endorses Sample Return"
3101:
3095:
2937:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2583:
2467:
2376:A small piece of the wing covering from the
1566:managed to record both audio and video from
1219:A piece of fabric from the wing of the 1903
754:findings, past Martian life seems possible.
5069:
4878:
3689:"Fetch rover! Robot to retrieve Mars rocks"
3680:
3416:
3129:"Program And Missions – 2020 Mission Plans"
3065:
2989:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2798:
2412:, European-Russian Mars exploration program
533:, the now-retired small robotic helicopter
13142:
13128:
12266:
12252:
11354:
11340:
10295:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
9923:
9909:
9638:Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey
8782:
8768:
7777:
7763:
7500:Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability
6931:
6917:
6671:
6657:
6325:
6311:
5621:
5051:
4970:
4947:
4924:
4790:
4565:"2020 Landing Site for Mars Rover Mission"
4015:
3248:. NASA. September 24, 2013. Archived from
2672:
2621:
2551:
2519:
1996:First color aerial image on Mars taken by
1342:Jezero Crater Formation by asteroid impact
774:to produce a small amount of pure oxygen (
456:
114:
34:
11189:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
9673:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
8030:Chinese next-generation crewed spacecraft
7687:European Astrobiology Network Association
6881:List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
5726:Mars 2020: Vote for the Name of the Rover
5715:Mars 2020: Science Definition Team Report
5709:Mars 2020: Assembly – Overall description
5326:
5219:
5131:
5105:
4855:
4845:
4705:
4270:Helland Urke, Eirik (February 18, 2021).
3570:
2920:
2909:
2698:
1346:The mission is centered around exploring
762:must help prepare NASA for its long-term
723:The mission is aimed at seeking signs of
7180:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
5888:
5731:Mars 2020: NASA Eyes-on-the-Solar-System
5622:Strickland, Ashley (February 24, 2021).
5075:
4971:Strickland, Ashley (February 23, 2021).
4948:Strickland, Ashley (February 20, 2021).
4925:Strickland, Ashley (February 19, 2021).
4272:"Direkte: Mars Perseverance har landet!"
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4042:
3382:
3380:
3192:
2946:"NASA to send new rover to Mars in 2020"
2591:"Welcome to 'Octavia E. Butler Landing'"
2340:
2246:rover. As well as using spare hardware,
2192:
1910:
1886:
1872:
1800:
1754:
1748:the others in the center are rock drills
1729:
1583:
1523:
1474:
1463:
1404:
1329:
1295:
1214:
1171:Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
1142:(MMRTG), left over as a backup part for
900:
896:
821:
813:
710:
613:, and the potential for preservation of
603:surface geological processes and history
12951:detection on the sunlit surface of the
12366:(lunar sample return mission; Nov 2020)
11274:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
8034:Flexible Inflatable Cargo Return Module
7598:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
5880:(9 May 2021; CBS-TV, 60 Minutes; 13:33)
4773:
4351:Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator
4064:
4062:
3995:"NASA to Launch New Mars Rover in 2020"
3494:
3492:
3014:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2834:
2777:
2775:
1422:mission of at least one Mars year (668
1243:
16:Astrobiology Mars rover mission by NASA
13949:
10062:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
5647:
5401:"The Cost of Perseverance, in Context"
5398:
5222:"Perseverance Rover Mars Rock Samples"
5108:"Perseverance Rover Mars Rock Samples"
4600:Witze, Alexandra (February 11, 2017).
4540:
3956:
3863:from the original on February 26, 2021
3762:
3448:
3071:
3043:
1267:It was deployed from the underside of
13123:
12247:
11335:
10852:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
9904:
9542:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
8763:
7758:
7588:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
6912:
6652:
6306:
5821:Mars 2020: Overview (2:58; July 2020)
5540:
5352:
4993:
4659:
4599:
4416:
4386:
4384:
4242:
4197:
4172:
4016:Lakdawalla, Emily (August 19, 2014).
3850:
3545:. Denver Museum of Nature and Science
3540:
3425:
3377:
3315:
3229:
3177:
3015:Harwood, William (December 4, 2012).
2921:Moskowitz, Clara (February 5, 2013).
2804:
2725:Chang, Kenneth (September 15, 2022).
2724:
2622:Strickland, Ashley (April 15, 2021).
2286:"Send Your Name" placard attached to
2207:SQUARE near off-center right of image
994:
11314:
7737:
7165:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
7150:Habitability of neutron star systems
5672:
4901:
4774:Bachman, Justin (February 8, 2021).
4485:
4442:
4417:Chang, Kenneth (November 19, 2018).
4059:
4043:Gebhardt, Chris (October 11, 2016).
3992:
3957:Murphy, Marshall (October 4, 2016).
3785:
3765:"New Details on the 2020 Mars Rover"
3686:
3489:
3151:
2943:
2860:
2835:Schulte, Mitch (December 20, 2012).
2772:
2453:Mars 2020 Mission Perseverance Rover
2365:and translated to the motto of JPL (
2201:in the Airfield Chi (χ), Mars,
1615:Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer
1600:March 4, 2021 – First major test of
1400:
1185:, which will be controlled by NTNU (
1042:Seven scientific instruments aboard
7140:Habitability of binary star systems
5673:Kaur, Harmeet (February 19, 2021).
5578:from the original on June 17, 2020.
5441:"Send Your Name to Mars: Mars 2020"
5076:Cappucci, Matthew (April 8, 2021).
4682:
4175:"NASA plans 2020 Mars rover remake"
3449:Bergin, Chris (September 2, 2014).
2944:Amos, Jonathan (December 4, 2012).
1704:", after the fictional location in
1440:China National Space Administration
715:Sample tubes being loaded into the
427:17.242 km (10.714 mi) in
13:
9968:National Aeronautics and Space Act
8968:
8960:
8952:
8816:List of artificial objects on Mars
8371:Chongfu Shiyong Shiyan Hangtian Qi
7702:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
7145:Habitability of natural satellites
7070:Hypothetical types of biochemistry
6385:
4800:. Spaceflight Now. August 19, 2020
4381:
3851:Mehta, Jatan (February 17, 2021).
3763:Dreier, Casey (January 10, 2013).
3426:Klotz, Irene (November 21, 2013).
3044:Matson, John (February 21, 2013).
2386:is attached to a cable underneath
2257:
1680:May 3, 2022 – After 27 flights of
1637:begins its first science campaign.
1574:Major mission milestones and works
1411:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
1160:United States Department of Energy
1155:lithium-ion rechargeable batteries
948:Entry, Descent, and Landing System
14:
13998:
13844:(Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021;
13830:(Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021;
13149:
13048:(sample collection from asteroid
12273:
12228:List of extraterrestrial orbiters
10922:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
10476:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
9829:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
7682:Center for Life Detection Science
7603:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
7155:Habitability of red dwarf systems
5721:Mars 2020: Send Your Name To Mars
5693:
5353:Chang, Kenneth (April 27, 2022).
5276:mars.nasa.gov (August 26, 2021).
4994:Crane, Leah (February 22, 2021).
4541:Farley, Ken (September 8, 2015).
3571:Mattingly, Richard (March 2010).
3350:"Objectives – 2020 Mission Plans"
3102:Rosie Mestel (December 6, 2012).
3072:Reilly, Doug (December 6, 2012).
2426:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
2330:to commemorate the impact of the
1647:June 21, 2021 – Eighth flight of
1640:June 8, 2021 – Seventh flight of
1620:April 19, 2021 – First flight of
1460:Entry, descent, and landing (EDL)
1428:United Arab Emirates Space Agency
1173:), led by Principal Investigator
669:on July 19, 2020) and China (the
636:design is derived from the rover
13934:
13922:
13910:
13875:
13874:
13863:
13824:(Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021)
13736:
13463:
13246:
13240:
13234:
13183:
13094:
13093:
13082:
12963:
12878:Ophiuchus Supercluster explosion
12651:
12385:
12379:
12373:
12307:
12121:Double Asteroid Redirection Test
11313:
11302:
11301:
11217:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
10975:Space Flight Operations Facility
10161:Operations and Checkout Building
9517:Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters
7736:
7725:
7724:
7707:Ocean Worlds Exploration Program
7540:Life Investigation For Enceladus
7060:Extraterrestrial sample curation
6938:
6770:
6631:
6620:
6619:
6284:
6264:
6246:
6226:
6208:
6187:
6169:
6151:
6131:
6113:
6095:
6079:
6063:
6047:
6029:
6011:
5991:
5973:
5922:
5911:, overlaid with the position of
5666:
5654:
5641:
5615:
5592:
5580:
5564:
5541:Chang, Kenneth (March 5, 2020).
5522:
5489:
5456:
5433:
5407:
5392:
5374:
5320:
5295:
5269:
5057:
5033:
4902:Betz, Eric (February 18, 2021).
4755:
4723:
4641:
4581:
4522:
4443:Wall, Mike (November 19, 2018).
4369:
4316:
4224:
4173:Boyle, Alan (December 4, 2012).
4154:
4114:
4082:
3974:
3938:
3832:
3800:
3711:"Perseverance's First Road Trip"
3649:
3580:
3519:
3477:
3404:
3365:
3330:
3297:
3285:"Mars 2020 Mission: Instruments"
3265:
3230:Davis, Jason (August 28, 2017).
3211:
3193:Greicius, Tony (March 2, 2015).
3133:
3046:"Has NASA Become Mars-Obsessed?"
2897:
2848:
2603:
2571:
2539:
2507:
2483:
2310:
2294:
2279:
2179:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2115:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2039:
2026:captures video, audio of fourth
2005:
1989:
1971:
1955:
1937:
1855:
1839:
1827:
1479:The rover photographed from the
1376:Northeastern Syrtis Major Planum
1115:will have thicker, more durable
1078:carried both spacecraft to Mars.
1067:
1050:
1035:
1017:
575:; 3 years, 226 days).
527:mission that includes the rover
470:Large Strategic Science Missions
444:
439:
13070:(lunar sample return; Dec 2020)
10436:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
9688:Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
9494:Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
7645:Astrobiology Society of Britain
7520:Explorer of Enceladus and Titan
7175:Habitable zone for complex life
6678:
5399:Dreier, Casey (July 29, 2020).
5333:NASA’s Mars Exploration Program
5282:NASA’s Mars Exploration Program
5252:"Nobody Tell Elmo About Issole"
5244:
5213:
5187:
5165:
5151:
5125:
5099:
5045:
5013:
4987:
4964:
4941:
4918:
4895:
4872:
4812:
4767:
4653:
4627:
4593:
4557:
4479:
4459:
4263:
4236:
4126:
4094:
4036:
3993:Wall, Mike (December 4, 2012).
3950:
3901:. June 11, 2012. Archived from
3891:
3875:
3844:
3812:
3756:
3703:
3687:Amos, Jonathan (July 6, 2018).
3633:
3592:
3541:Evans, Kim (October 13, 2015).
3457:
3442:
3342:
3316:Brown, Dwayne (July 31, 2014).
3277:
3223:
3186:
3171:
3152:Mann, Adam (December 4, 2012).
3121:
2960:
2718:
2692:
1654:July 5, 2021 – Ninth flight of
1593:February 18, 2021 – Landing of
1189:) trained cybernetics engineer
695:California U.S. Representative
654:helicopter, on another planet.
543:. Mars 2020 was launched on an
19:For a chronological guide, see
13709:(rapidly-rotating brown dwarf)
7530:Journey to Enceladus and Titan
5329:"Perseverance Sample Tube 266"
4662:"Mars 2020 launch slips again"
3601:2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference
3178:Leone, Dan (October 3, 2012).
2805:Chang, Alicia (July 9, 2013).
2666:
2641:
2615:
2495:
1666:would prove too difficult for
1607:April 3, 2021 – Deployment of
1165:The Norwegian-developed radar
1104:wheels to be more robust than
875:In the first science campaign
126:
1:
13977:Space probes launched in 2020
13060:(sample return from asteroid
9643:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
7578:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
7130:Extraterrestrial liquid water
6332:
5648:Potter, Sean (May 23, 2021).
4683:Ray, Justin (July 25, 2016).
4660:Foust, Jeff (June 30, 2020).
4486:Hand, Eric (August 6, 2015).
3500:"Mars 2020 Landing Press Kit"
2875:"Summary of the Final Report"
2431:
2223:NASA plans to expend roughly
2197:
2032:(video; 02:44; 30 April 2021)
1915:
1891:
1877:
1805:
1319:are visible as green in this
891:
706:
685:
189:3,649 kg (8,045 lb)
13890:Category:2022 in outer space
13885:Category:2021 in outer space
13880:Category:2020 in outer space
13109:Category:2021 in outer space
13104:Category:2020 in outer space
13099:Category:2019 in outer space
11455:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
11254:Space program on U.S. stamps
11179:Gemini and Apollo medallions
11129:Solar System Family Portrait
10905:Joint Polar Satellite System
10774:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
10028:Vision for Space Exploration
9998:Space Exploration Initiative
7712:Spanish Astrobiology Center
7120:Circumstellar habitable zone
4708:"Overview – Mars 2020 Rover"
4212:"Mars 2020 Rover Tech Specs"
3786:Agle, D. C. (July 1, 2019).
3465:"Mars 2020 Rover – Overview"
2673:Ben Turner (July 16, 2021).
2059:Entry-descent-landing debris
1088:was designed with help from
882:Crater Floor Fractured Rough
818:Campaign plans for 2021–2022
365:3 April 2021 (Deployed from
7:
13967:Astrobiology space missions
12218:List of Solar System probes
11249:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
11206:We choose to go to the Moon
11169:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
10727:International Space Station
10707:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
10446:Great Observatories program
10290:International Space Station
10268:Roscosmos State Corporation
10185:Science Mission Directorate
10131:Manned Space Flight Network
9567:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
9512:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
9488:Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
8856:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
7697:NASA Astrobiology Institute
3642:"Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV)"
2403:
2233:rover, $ 80 million on the
1978:Black-and-white photo from
1771:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
1670:to travel through directly.
1662:. The sandy ripples of the
1628:Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment
10:
14003:
13225:James Webb Space Telescope
11066:NASA cameras on spacecraft
10877:James Webb Space Telescope
10789:Solar Dynamics Observatory
10010:U.S. National Space Policy
7545:Mars sample return mission
4181:. NBC News. Archived from
4102:"Mars 2020 Rover – Wheels"
2701:"Mars Technologies - NASA"
2213:rover on February 4, 2024.
1947:being deployed from under
1723:
1577:
1556:entry, descent and landing
1493:entry, descent and landing
1285:
1281:
1250:
1001:
764:Mars sample-return mission
692:American Geophysical Union
627:American Geophysical Union
623:Mars sample-return mission
609:, the possibility of past
476:Planetary Science Division
18:
13858:
13809:
13791:(Bernardinelli-Bernstein)
13734:
13632:
13459:
13284:Asteroid close approaches
13273:
13255:
13232:
13177:
13155:
13077:
13022:
12961:
12897:(soft gamma ray repeater)
12853:
12647:
12424:Asteroid close approaches
12412:
12394:
12371:
12301:
12279:
12213:
12099:
11865:
11731:
11720:
11691:
11638:
11573:
11490:
11402:
11381:
11370:
11297:
11197:
11074:
10989:
10934:
10897:
10696:
10506:
10493:
10423:
10337:
10327:
10282:
10208:
10197:
10141:Vehicle Assembly Building
10049:
9948:
9938:
9891:
9842:
9811:
9745:
9736:
9624:
9534:
9452:
9445:
9365:
9328:
9263:
9165:
9056:
8986:
8979:
8950:
8897:
8874:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
8831:
8824:
8801:
8745:
8652:
8538:
8452:
8310:
8236:
8121:
8098:
8022:
7988:
7919:
7864:
7809:
7720:
7635:
7623:Terrestrial Planet Finder
7568:
7467:
7429:
7413:
7381:
7298:
7207:
7198:
7108:
7045:Earliest known life forms
7012:
6946:
6899:
6853:
6828:
6779:
6768:
6686:
6614:
6591:Octavia E. Butler Landing
6583:
6543:
6513:
6497:
6488:
6457:
6396:
6383:
6353:
6340:
5909:global topography of Mars
3609:10.1109/AERO.2012.6187296
3392:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2765:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1812:Octavia E. Butler Landing
1409:Mars 2020 launching from
737:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
605:, and assessing its past
557:Octavia E. Butler Landing
438:
434:
423:
383:Octavia E. Butler Landing
373:
361:
349:
341:
333:
293:Octavia E. Butler Landing
288:
280:
268:
260:
256:
252:
242:
228:
217:
206:
201:
197:
193:
185:
175:
170:
166:
162:
136:
123:
102:
81:
70:
66:
33:
13962:Mars Exploration Program
13801:P/2021 U3 (Attard-Maury)
13752:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
12869:location and periodicity
12233:List of space telescopes
11212:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
11136:The Day the Earth Smiled
10471:Solar Terrestrial Probes
9930:
9824:Mars Exploration Program
8806:List of missions to Mars
8679:Nanoracks Bishop Airlock
7655:Breakthrough Initiatives
6861:Rover embedded computers
6439:Rover embedded computers
5403:. The Planetary Society.
3738:Espace & Exploration
3234:. The Planetary Society.
2449:"Where is Perseverance?"
2421:List of missions to Mars
1131:14 percent heavier than
741:Mars Exploration Program
559:. As of 1 October 2024,
541:Mars Exploration Program
497:Mars Exploration Program
450:NASA and JPL insignias (
13851:Mars landing: May 2021)
13836:Mars landing: Feb 2021)
12891:wind speed measurements
11269:Other primates in space
10981:Deep Space Atomic Clock
10801:Mars Science Laboratory
10589:Spitzer Space Telescope
10178:Lunar Sample Laboratory
10121:Launch Services Program
8914:Mars Science Laboratory
7316:Mars Science Laboratory
7135:Galactic habitable zone
6794:Mars Science Laboratory
6638:Solar System portal
5574:. NASA. June 17, 2020.
4879:O'Callaghan, Jonathan.
4838:2021E&SS....801585F
4826:Earth and Space Science
4024:. The Planetary Society
3767:. The Planetary Society
2250:also used designs from
2218:
1862:First color image from
1504:Mars Science Laboratory
1452:rover on May 14, 2021.
1397:is envisaged for 2031.
1011:Spacecraft of Mars 2020
984:Mars Science Laboratory
210:30 July 2020, 11:50:00
13870:Outer space portal
13194:Tiangong space station
13089:Outer space portal
11284:National Astronaut Day
11227:The Astronaut Monument
11049:Space Shuttle missions
10749:Mars Exploration Rover
10732:Hubble Space Telescope
10641:Kepler space telescope
10441:Earth Observing System
10415:Mars Exploration Rover
10126:Mercury Control Center
9283:Mars Exploration Rover
8973:
8965:
8957:
7495:Enceladus Life Finder
7475:Breakthrough Enceladus
6999:Planetary oceanography
6730:Mars Exploration Rover
6390:
5970:
5382:"Cost of Perseverance"
3453:. NASASpaceFlight.com.
3197:. NASA. Archived from
2839:Letters of Application
2354:
2215:
1922:
1908:
1884:
1820:
1767:
1752:
1589:
1536:
1484:
1472:
1418:
1343:
1327:
1253:Ingenuity (helicopter)
1240:
1229:is attached under the
1179:Norwegian Space Center
943:
828:
819:
720:
462:JPL mission insignia (
247:United Launch Alliance
13715:(massive white dwarf)
13036:retirement (Jan 2020)
12984:C/2017 T2 (PANSTARRS)
12903:black hole hypothesis
12181:Peregrine Mission One
11725:(by termination date)
11500:Emirates Mars Mission
11375:(deep space missions)
11232:Lunar sample displays
11222:Space Mirror Memorial
11164:Voyager Golden Record
11056:United States rockets
10248: (with the
10156:Launch Control Center
9478:(2024, flyby in 2025)
9470:(2024, flyby in 2025)
9049:(2023, flyby in 2026)
9040:Mars Cube One (MarCO)
8972:
8964:
8956:
8811:List of Mars orbiters
8180:Emirates Mars Mission
7670:Breakthrough Starshot
7270:Lunar Micro Ecosystem
7190:Superhabitable planet
7055:Extraterrestrial life
6596:Wright Brothers Field
6389:
6345:Timeline of Mars 2020
5905:Interactive image map
5892:
5386:The Planetary Society
5226:NASA Mars Exploration
5112:NASA Mars Exploration
5055:. NASA. July 7, 2021.
4512:. NASA. March 4, 2015
3736:[Mars 2020].
2846:. NASA. NNH13ZDA003L.
2593:. NASA. March 5, 2021
2529:. NASA. July 30, 2020
2344:
2196:
1914:
1890:
1876:
1804:
1758:
1737:rover's sampling bits
1733:
1702:Valinor Hills Station
1587:
1580:Timeline of Mars 2020
1531:
1478:
1467:
1432:Emirates Mars Mission
1408:
1341:
1299:
1260:is a defunct robotic
1218:
1074:The cruise stage and
904:
897:Cruise stage and EDLS
825:
817:
714:
663:Emirates Mars Mission
408:18.44486°N 77.45102°E
379:Wright Brothers Field
171:Spacecraft properties
58:Wright Brothers Field
21:Timeline of Mars 2020
13566:circumplanetary disk
13558:OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb
13265:Winchcombe meteorite
12429:594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim
12223:List of lunar probes
11810:Mars Global Surveyor
11722:Completed after 2000
10250:Soviet space program
10168:Johnson Space Center
10136:Kennedy Space Center
10099:spinoff technologies
9834:Mars Next Generation
9793:Permanent settlement
9683:Mars Surveyor Lander
9149:Mars Climate Orbiter
9135:Mars Global Surveyor
7793:Orbital launches in
7677:Carl Sagan Institute
7665:Breakthrough Message
7505:Enceladus Orbilander
7240:Biosatellite program
7090:Planetary protection
6974:Evolutionary biology
6964:Atmospheric sciences
6876:Lunar Roving Vehicle
5232:on November 11, 2022
4847:10.1029/2020EA001585
4832:(4): e2020EA001585.
4306:. NASA. January 2021
4185:on February 27, 2015
3394:. NASA. July 9, 2013
3083:on December 11, 2013
3077:bicycleastronomy.org
2205:final airfield (see
1413:, Florida, at 11:50
1391:Pasadena, California
1004:Perseverance (rover)
870:Earth Return Orbiter
725:habitable conditions
597:is investigating an
547:rocket at 11:50:01
350:Spacecraft component
269:Spacecraft component
13747:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
13648:(elliptical galaxy)
13014:156P/Russell–LINEAR
12999:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
12944:atmosphere of Venus
12463:temporary satellite
11372:Active space probes
11259:Apollo 17 Moon mice
11115:Pillars of Creation
11022:Space Shuttle crews
10500:(human and robotic)
10494:Individual featured
10077:Ranks and positions
8791:Spacecraft missions
7660:Breakthrough Listen
6606:Exploration of Mars
6535:Syrtis Major Planum
6106:Mars Polar Lander ↓
5965:Mars Memorials list
5604:, February 22, 2021
5086:The Washington Post
5023:. NASA. May 7, 2021
4743:"Mission: Overview"
4614:2017Natur.542..279W
4474:The Washington Post
4367:10.2514/6.2018-0023
4245:"Svein-Erik Hamran"
4022:planetary.org/blogs
3857:Scientific American
3744:on January 16, 2021
3051:Scientific American
2416:Exploration of Mars
2209:) as viewed by the
1866:rover after landing
1850:rover image on Mars
1382:, and Southwestern
1315:helicopter landed.
1307:on Mars, where the
1183:uncrewed helicopter
783:Martian atmospheric
404: /
318:18.4447°N 77.4508°E
314: /
30:
13796:C/2021 T4 (Lemmon)
13530:Lambda Serpentis b
13181:telescope launches
12994:C/2019 U6 (LEMMON)
12979:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
12913:Swift J1818.0–1607
12748:OGLE-2016-BLG-1928
12146:Hakuto-R Mission 1
11692:Interstellar space
11389:Parker Solar Probe
11061:NASA cancellations
10956:Deep Space Network
10946:Near Earth Network
10431:Living With a Star
10405:Project Prometheus
10385:Planetary Observer
9819:Mars Scout Program
9658:Mars 4NM & 5NM
9582:Mars Micro Orbiter
9572:Mars Geyser Hopper
8974:
8966:
8958:
8391:Jilin-1 Gaofen-03C
8387:Jilin-1 Gaofen-03B
8381:Jilin-1 Gaofen-02C
8157:Jilin-1 Gaofen-02E
8089:Crew Dragon Demo-2
7490:Enceladus Explorer
6391:
5971:
5551:The New York Times
5360:The New York Times
5199:cosmosmagazine.com
4857:20.500.11937/90005
4476:, 16 November 2019
4423:The New York Times
4243:Romsenter, Norsk.
3677:, 11 December 2019
3509:. NASA. p. 15
3255:on January 5, 2009
2809:. Associated Press
2787:, January 31, 2024
2731:The New York Times
2653:www.britannica.com
2367:Dare Mighty Things
2355:
2216:
2171:Perseverance Rover
1923:
1909:
1885:
1821:
1769:In support of the
1768:
1753:
1708:'s fantasy novels.
1613:April 3–4, 2021 –
1590:
1537:
1485:
1473:
1419:
1344:
1328:
1241:
958:needed to deliver
944:
829:
820:
721:
659:Mars launch window
629:in San Francisco.
413:18.44486; 77.45102
28:
13898:
13897:
13702:astrophysical jet
13474:Alpha Centauri Ab
13117:
13116:
12974:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
12942:detection in the
12709:b radio emissions
12404:2020 China bolide
12241:
12240:
12209:
12208:
11716:
11715:
11521:2001 Mars Odyssey
11329:
11328:
11242:stolen or missing
11039:uncrewed missions
11017:Apollo astronauts
11012:Gemini astronauts
10930:
10929:
10714:2001 Mars Odyssey
10489:
10488:
10365:Mars Surveyor '98
10323:
10322:
10266: (with
10199:Human spaceflight
10193:
10192:
10151:Launch Complex 48
10146:Launch Complex 39
9898:
9897:
9887:
9886:
9858:The Case for Mars
9768:Atmospheric entry
9732:
9731:
9663:Mars 5M (Mars-79)
9620:
9619:
9597:Next Mars Orbiter
9505:Rosalind Franklin
9441:
9440:
9361:
9360:
9216:Mars Polar Lander
8948:
8947:
8842:2001 Mars Odyssey
8757:
8756:
8643:Starlink V1.0 L15
8503:Starlink V1.0-L14
8497:Starlink V1.0-L13
8479:Starlink V1.0-L12
8365:Starlink V1.0-L11
8277:(58 satellites),
8275:Starlink V1.0-L10
8257:BlackSky Global 8
8253:BlackSky Global 7
8251:(57 satellites),
8114:8 (58 satellites)
8108:7 (60 satellites)
7828:Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01
7752:
7751:
7631:
7630:
7455:Rosalind Franklin
7368:Trace Gas Orbiter
7025:Allan Hills 84001
7004:Planetary science
6906:
6905:
6866:Crewed Mars rover
6837:Rosalind Franklin
6646:
6645:
6579:
6578:
6551:Eberswalde crater
6397:Rover instruments
6296:
6278:
6258:
6240:
6220:
6202:
6181:
6179:Rosalind Franklin
6163:
6145:
6125:
6107:
6089:
6073:
6057:
6041:
6023:
6005:
5985:
5928:Clickable image:
5877:helicopter report
4687:. Spaceflight Now
4571:on April 20, 2017
4047:. NASASpaceFlight
3822:. NASA. July 2016
3618:978-1-4577-0557-1
3201:on April 13, 2021
3108:Los Angeles Times
2887:on August 3, 2020
2505:. April 17, 2021.
2479:Nasa Mars Website
2332:COVID-19 pandemic
2016:
1673:August 6, 2021 –
1626:April 20, 2021 –
1529:
1401:Launch and cruise
1370:, Jezero crater,
1364:Eberswalde crater
1339:
1175:Svein-Erik Hamran
1148:plutonium dioxide
866:Next Mars Orbiter
665:with the orbiter
599:astrobiologically
518:
517:
478:
13994:
13972:Missions to Mars
13939:
13938:
13937:
13927:
13926:
13915:
13914:
13913:
13906:
13878:
13877:
13868:
13867:
13866:
13790:
13779:
13765:
13763:
13762:
13758:(248370) 2005 QN
13740:
13707:2MASS J0348−6022
13688:
13686:
13685:
13675:
13673:
13672:
13642:(distant quasar)
13620:
13478:
13467:
13447:
13445:
13444:
13440:(163899) 2003 SD
13430:
13428:
13427:
13408:
13406:
13405:
13396:
13394:
13393:
13379:
13377:
13376:
13367:
13365:
13364:
13355:
13353:
13352:
13343:
13341:
13340:
13336:(231937) 2001 FO
13326:
13324:
13323:
13314:
13312:
13311:
13297:
13295:
13294:
13250:
13244:
13238:
13187:
13144:
13137:
13130:
13121:
13120:
13097:
13096:
13087:
13086:
13085:
12989:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
12967:
12936:
12923:
12915:(young magnetar)
12885:(distant blazar)
12840:TYC 8998-760-1 c
12761:
12752:
12655:
12640:
12638:
12637:
12628:
12626:
12625:
12621:(501647) 2014 SD
12616:
12614:
12613:
12609:(153201) 2000 WO
12604:
12602:
12601:
12582:
12580:
12579:
12565:
12553:
12551:
12550:
12541:
12539:
12538:
12524:
12522:
12521:
12512:
12510:
12509:
12505:(163348) 2002 NN
12490:
12488:
12487:
12478:
12476:
12475:
12466:
12459:
12457:
12456:
12442:
12440:
12439:
12389:
12383:
12377:
12354:Mars Helicopter
12311:
12268:
12261:
12254:
12245:
12244:
11729:
11728:
11379:
11378:
11356:
11349:
11342:
11333:
11332:
11317:
11316:
11305:
11304:
11143:Fallen Astronaut
10784:Van Allen Probes
10504:
10503:
10410:Mars Exploration
10335:
10334:
10206:
10205:
9974:Space Task Group
9946:
9945:
9925:
9918:
9911:
9902:
9901:
9864:Inspiration Mars
9851:The Mars Project
9743:
9742:
9626:
9625:
9450:
9449:
9367:
9366:
8984:
8983:
8829:
8828:
8784:
8777:
8770:
8761:
8760:
8629:
8622:
8584:
8577:
8531:
8474:
8468:
8445:
8438:
8432:
8426:
8361:
8354:
8348:
8341:
8326:
8249:Starlink V1.0-L9
8138:
8008:Starlink V1.0-L6
7957:Starlink V1.0-L5
7900:Starlink V1.0-L4
7890:
7850:Starlink V1.0-L3
7841:Eutelsat Konnect
7817:Starlink V1.0-L2
7798:
7797:
7796:
7779:
7772:
7765:
7756:
7755:
7740:
7739:
7728:
7727:
7205:
7204:
7100:Yamato meteorite
6933:
6926:
6919:
6910:
6909:
6829:Planned missions
6780:Current missions
6774:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6650:
6649:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6623:
6622:
6495:
6494:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6297:
6292:
6288:
6281:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6261:
6259:
6254:
6250:
6243:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6223:
6221:
6216:
6212:
6205:
6203:
6197:
6191:
6184:
6182:
6177:
6173:
6166:
6164:
6159:
6155:
6148:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6128:
6126:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6099:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6044:
6042:
6037:
6033:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6015:
6008:
6006:
6001:
5995:
5988:
5986:
5981:
5977:
5968:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5947:
5945:
5940:
5938:
5926:
5891:
5855:
5844:
5833:
5822:
5811:
5800:
5789:
5778:
5767:
5756:
5745:
5705:
5704:
5702:Official website
5687:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
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5619:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5583:
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5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5228:. Archived from
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4859:
4849:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4778:. Bloomberg News
4771:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4739:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4483:
4477:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4414:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4388:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4355:J. (Bob) Balaram
4348:
4342:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4208:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3905:on March 7, 2021
3895:
3889:
3888:, 7 October 2019
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3730:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3684:
3678:
3668:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3603:. pp. 1–6.
3596:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3568:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3538:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3504:
3496:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3423:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3384:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3079:. Archived from
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3012:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2879:
2871:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2832:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:. April 5, 2021.
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2445:
2392:
2336:Rod of Asclepius
2314:
2298:
2283:
2226:
2183:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2119:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2043:
2018:
2017:
1993:
1975:
1959:
1941:
1859:
1843:
1831:
1765:
1530:
1340:
1225:airplane of the
1191:Håvard Fjær Grip
1125:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1071:
1054:
1039:
1021:
939:
937:
931:
929:
923:
921:
915:
913:
801:subsurface water
780:
635:
474:
460:
448:
443:
419:
418:
416:
415:
414:
409:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
329:
328:
326:
325:
324:
323:18.4447; 77.4508
319:
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
284:18 February 2021
202:Start of mission
137:Mission duration
128:
119:
118:
112:
38:
31:
27:
14002:
14001:
13997:
13996:
13995:
13993:
13992:
13991:
13982:2020 in Florida
13947:
13946:
13945:
13935:
13933:
13921:
13911:
13909:
13901:
13899:
13894:
13864:
13862:
13854:
13811:
13805:
13789:
13785:
13778:
13774:
13760:
13759:
13756:
13730:
13695:(spiral galaxy)
13683:
13682:
13679:
13670:
13669:
13666:
13654:sextuple system
13628:
13618:
13571:TIC 172900988 b
13525:Lalande 21185 c
13476:
13455:
13442:
13441:
13438:
13425:
13424:
13421:
13403:
13402:
13399:
13391:
13390:
13387:
13374:
13373:
13370:
13362:
13361:
13358:
13350:
13349:
13346:
13338:
13337:
13334:
13321:
13320:
13317:
13309:
13308:
13305:
13292:
13291:
13288:
13269:
13251:
13245:
13239:
13230:
13180:
13179:Space probe and
13173:
13170:
13164:
13151:
13148:
13118:
13113:
13083:
13081:
13073:
13024:
13018:
12957:
12934:
12927:South Pole Wall
12921:
12849:
12759:
12750:
12643:
12635:
12634:
12631:
12623:
12622:
12619:
12611:
12610:
12607:
12599:
12598:
12595:
12577:
12576:
12573:
12559:
12548:
12547:
12544:
12536:
12535:
12532:
12519:
12518:
12515:
12507:
12506:
12503:
12485:
12484:
12481:
12473:
12472:
12471:(52768) 1998 OR
12469:
12460:
12454:
12453:
12450:
12437:
12436:
12433:
12414:
12408:
12390:
12384:
12378:
12369:
12304:
12297:
12294:
12288:
12275:
12272:
12242:
12237:
12205:
12095:
12015:LISA Pathfinder
11861:
11724:
11712:
11687:
11634:
11569:
11486:
11398:
11374:
11366:
11360:
11330:
11325:
11293:
11193:
11184:Mission patches
11159:Pioneer plaques
11122:Mystic Mountain
11099:Family Portrait
11092:The Blue Marble
11076:
11070:
11044:Apollo missions
10985:
10937:
10926:
10893:
10698:
10692:
10529:Mercury-Atlas 6
10499:
10495:
10485:
10419:
10355:Mariner Mark II
10319:
10300:Commercial Crew
10278:
10201:
10189:
10173:Mission Control
10072:Astronaut Corps
10067:Chief Scientist
10045:
9950:
9934:
9929:
9899:
9894:
9883:
9838:
9807:
9728:
9630:
9616:
9562:Mars Base Alpha
9552:Icebreaker Life
9530:
9437:
9419:Mars 3MS No.170
9371:
9357:
9324:
9259:
9210:Mars Pathfinder
9161:
9052:
9011:Mariner 6 and 7
8975:
8967:
8959:
8944:
8893:
8820:
8797:
8788:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8741:
8719:(36 satellites)
8648:
8645:(60 satellites)
8624:
8620:Landmapper-BC 5
8618:
8579:
8572:
8534:
8526:
8505:(60 satellites)
8499:(60 satellites)
8481:(60 satellites)
8470:
8463:
8448:
8440:
8434:
8428:
8422:
8367:(60 satellites)
8356:
8350:
8343:
8336:
8321:
8306:
8232:
8133:
8117:
8094:
8018:
8010:(60 satellites)
7984:
7965:(34 satellites)
7959:(60 satellites)
7915:
7902:(60 satellites)
7886:
7874:(34 satellites)
7860:
7852:(60 satellites)
7819:(60 satellites)
7805:
7804:
7794:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7783:
7753:
7748:
7716:
7637:
7627:
7570:
7564:
7525:Icebreaker Life
7463:
7425:
7409:
7383:
7377:
7294:
7200:
7194:
7111:
7104:
7008:
6984:Geomicrobiology
6942:
6937:
6907:
6902:
6895:
6849:
6824:
6775:
6766:
6709:Mars Pathfinder
6682:
6677:
6647:
6642:
6632:
6630:
6610:
6575:
6539:
6509:
6490:
6484:
6453:
6392:
6381:
6376:list of flights
6349:
6336:
6331:
6301:
6300:
6291:
6289:
6282:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6262:
6253:
6251:
6244:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6224:
6215:
6213:
6206:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6185:
6176:
6174:
6167:
6158:
6156:
6149:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6129:
6120:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6052:
6045:
6036:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6009:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5989:
5980:
5978:
5969:
5958:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5943:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5920:
5903:
5889:
5885:
5853:
5842:
5831:
5820:
5809:
5798:
5787:
5776:
5765:
5754:
5743:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5691:
5690:
5680:
5678:
5671:
5667:
5655:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5620:
5616:
5607:
5605:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5581:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5555:
5553:
5539:
5535:
5523:
5515:
5513:
5506:
5502:
5490:
5482:
5480:
5473:
5469:
5457:
5449:
5447:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5424:
5422:
5421:. June 19, 2020
5413:
5412:
5408:
5397:
5393:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5365:
5363:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5335:
5327:mars.nasa.gov.
5325:
5321:
5311:
5309:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5274:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5235:
5233:
5220:mars.nasa.gov.
5218:
5214:
5204:
5202:
5201:. July 27, 2024
5193:
5192:
5188:
5178:
5176:
5175:. July 25, 2024
5171:
5170:
5166:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5142:
5140:
5132:mars.nasa.gov.
5130:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5106:mars.nasa.gov.
5104:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5074:
5070:
5058:
5050:
5046:
5034:
5026:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5004:
5002:
4992:
4988:
4978:
4976:
4969:
4965:
4955:
4953:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4907:
4906:. Astronomy.com
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4883:. New Scientist
4877:
4873:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4781:
4779:
4772:
4768:
4756:
4748:
4746:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4724:
4716:
4714:
4706:mars.nasa.gov.
4704:
4700:
4690:
4688:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4658:
4654:
4642:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4598:
4594:
4582:
4574:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4539:
4535:
4523:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4491:
4484:
4480:
4464:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4415:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4370:
4349:
4345:
4333:
4329:
4317:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4276:Teknisk Ukeblad
4268:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4249:Norsk Romsenter
4241:
4237:
4225:
4217:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4198:
4188:
4186:
4171:
4167:
4155:
4143:
4141:
4140:. June 28, 2019
4132:
4131:
4127:
4115:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4083:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3991:
3987:
3975:
3967:
3965:
3955:
3951:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3849:
3845:
3833:
3825:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3801:
3793:
3791:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3732:
3731:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3685:
3681:
3669:
3662:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3619:
3597:
3593:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3478:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3405:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3366:
3358:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3331:
3323:
3321:
3314:
3310:
3298:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3266:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3228:
3224:
3212:
3204:
3202:
3191:
3187:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3150:
3146:
3134:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3042:
3038:
3025:
3023:
3013:
2998:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2919:
2910:
2898:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2861:
2849:
2843:
2833:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2699:mars.nasa.gov.
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2679:livescience.com
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2620:
2616:
2604:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2572:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2540:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2508:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2434:
2406:
2396:NASA scientist
2393:s solar panel.
2390:
2378:Wright brothers
2322:
2315:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2260:
2258:Public outreach
2225:US$ 2.8 billion
2224:
2221:
2214:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2019:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1907:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1819:
1799:
1798:
1763:
1751:
1738:
1726:
1633:June 1, 2021 –
1604:drive functions
1597:on Mars surface
1582:
1576:
1524:
1506:used to deploy
1462:
1417:on 30 July 2020
1403:
1330:
1294:
1284:
1255:
1249:
1227:Wright brothers
1123:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1000:
942:
935:
934:
927:
926:
919:
918:
914: Mars 2020
911:
910:
906:
899:
894:
793:
779:
775:
709:
688:
633:
514:
513:
507:
500:
493:
492:
486:
479:
473:
461:
455:
449:
412:
410:
406:
403:
398:
395:
393:
391:
390:
389:
334:Distance driven
322:
320:
316:
313:
308:
305:
303:
301:
300:
299:
158:
113:
108:
98:
62:
61:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
14000:
13990:
13989:
13984:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13944:
13943:
13931:
13919:
13896:
13895:
13893:
13892:
13872:
13859:
13856:
13855:
13853:
13852:
13837:
13825:
13815:
13813:
13807:
13806:
13804:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13787:
13782:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13754:
13749:
13743:
13741:
13732:
13731:
13729:
13728:
13727:(radio source)
13722:
13719:WISE 1534–1043
13716:
13713:ZTF J1901+1458
13710:
13704:
13696:
13690:
13677:
13664:
13655:
13649:
13643:
13640:QSO J0313−1806
13636:
13634:
13630:
13629:
13627:
13626:
13621:
13613:
13612:
13611:
13608:
13600:
13599:
13598:
13595:
13592:
13589:
13586:
13581:
13573:
13568:
13560:
13555:
13550:
13545:
13544:
13543:
13540:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13521:
13520:
13517:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13470:
13468:
13457:
13456:
13454:
13453:
13448:
13436:
13431:
13419:
13414:
13409:
13397:
13385:
13380:
13368:
13356:
13344:
13332:
13327:
13315:
13303:
13298:
13286:
13280:
13278:
13271:
13270:
13268:
13267:
13261:
13259:
13253:
13252:
13233:
13231:
13229:
13228:
13222:
13210:
13202:
13190:
13188:
13175:
13174:
13172:
13171:
13165:
13159:
13156:
13153:
13152:
13147:
13146:
13139:
13132:
13124:
13115:
13114:
13112:
13111:
13091:
13078:
13075:
13074:
13072:
13071:
13065:
13053:
13043:
13037:
13028:
13026:
13020:
13019:
13017:
13016:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12996:
12991:
12986:
12981:
12976:
12970:
12968:
12959:
12958:
12956:
12955:
12946:
12937:
12929:
12924:
12916:
12910:
12904:
12898:
12892:
12889:2MASS J1047+21
12886:
12880:
12875:
12873:Radcliffe wave
12870:
12864:
12857:
12855:
12851:
12850:
12848:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12836:
12835:
12832:
12829:
12821:
12816:
12815:
12814:
12811:
12803:
12802:
12801:
12796:
12793:
12785:
12784:
12783:
12780:
12777:
12772:
12762:
12753:
12751:(rogue planet)
12745:
12740:
12739:
12738:
12733:
12725:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12704:
12703:
12702:
12699:
12696:
12688:
12687:
12686:
12681:
12671:
12665:
12658:
12656:
12645:
12644:
12642:
12641:
12629:
12617:
12605:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12571:
12566:
12554:
12542:
12530:
12525:
12513:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12479:
12467:
12448:
12443:
12431:
12426:
12420:
12418:
12410:
12409:
12407:
12406:
12400:
12398:
12392:
12391:
12372:
12370:
12368:
12367:
12361:
12360:
12359:
12351:
12337:
12329:
12321:
12314:
12312:
12299:
12298:
12296:
12295:
12289:
12283:
12280:
12277:
12276:
12271:
12270:
12263:
12256:
12248:
12239:
12238:
12236:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12220:
12214:
12211:
12210:
12207:
12206:
12204:
12203:
12202:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12183:
12175:
12174:
12173:
12165:
12153:
12148:
12140:
12139:
12138:
12131:
12124:
12114:
12113:
12112:
12103:
12101:
12097:
12096:
12094:
12093:
12092:
12091:
12079:
12074:
12067:
12056:
12048:
12047:
12046:
12041:
12034:
12026:
12025:
12024:
12017:
12009:
12008:
12007:
11997:
11989:
11973:
11972:
11971:
11966:
11959:
11949:
11948:
11947:
11942:
11935:
11927:
11926:
11925:
11915:
11914:
11913:
11905:
11904:
11903:
11893:
11892:
11891:
11880:
11869:
11867:
11863:
11862:
11860:
11859:
11858:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11835:
11827:
11826:
11825:
11815:
11814:
11813:
11803:
11802:
11801:
11791:
11790:
11789:
11779:
11778:
11777:
11770:
11763:
11753:
11752:
11751:
11744:
11742:NEAR Shoemaker
11735:
11733:
11726:
11718:
11717:
11714:
11713:
11711:
11710:
11703:
11695:
11693:
11689:
11688:
11686:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11668:
11661:
11650:
11644:
11642:
11636:
11635:
11633:
11632:
11631:
11630:
11620:
11619:
11618:
11606:
11605:
11604:
11592:
11591:
11590:
11577:
11575:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11567:
11566:
11565:
11552:
11545:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11517:
11510:
11502:
11496:
11494:
11488:
11487:
11485:
11484:
11483:
11482:
11472:
11470:Tiandu 1 and 2
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11414:
11408:
11406:
11400:
11399:
11397:
11396:
11391:
11385:
11383:
11376:
11368:
11367:
11359:
11358:
11351:
11344:
11336:
11327:
11326:
11324:
11323:
11311:
11298:
11295:
11294:
11292:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11279:Astronauts Day
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11245:
11244:
11239:
11229:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11201:
11199:
11195:
11194:
11192:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11139:
11132:
11125:
11118:
11111:
11110:
11109:
11095:
11088:
11080:
11078:
11072:
11071:
11069:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11052:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11031:
11026:
11025:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10993:
10991:
10987:
10986:
10984:
10983:
10978:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10953:
10948:
10942:
10940:
10938:and navigation
10936:Communications
10932:
10931:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10924:
10919:
10916:Europa Clipper
10912:
10907:
10901:
10899:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10891:
10886:
10885:
10884:
10874:
10873:
10872:
10867:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10822:
10815:
10810:
10809:
10808:
10798:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10765:
10764:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10717:
10710:
10702:
10700:
10694:
10693:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10688:
10675:
10668:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10656:
10643:
10638:
10631:
10624:
10619:
10612:
10607:
10599:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10565:
10564:
10552:
10545:
10538:
10531:
10526:
10521:
10516:
10510:
10508:
10501:
10491:
10490:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10427:
10425:
10421:
10420:
10418:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10370:New Millennium
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10341:
10339:
10332:
10325:
10324:
10321:
10320:
10318:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10286:
10284:
10280:
10279:
10277:
10276:
10271:
10258:
10253:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10212:
10210:
10203:
10195:
10194:
10191:
10190:
10188:
10187:
10182:
10181:
10180:
10175:
10165:
10164:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10102:
10101:
10091:
10086:
10085:
10084:
10079:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10053:
10051:
10047:
10046:
10044:
10043:
10037:
10031:
10025:
10019:
10013:
10007:
10001:
9995:
9989:
9983:
9977:
9971:
9965:
9958:
9956:
9943:
9936:
9935:
9928:
9927:
9920:
9913:
9905:
9896:
9895:
9892:
9889:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9869:Mars Institute
9866:
9861:
9854:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9815:
9813:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9749:
9747:
9740:
9734:
9733:
9730:
9729:
9727:
9726:
9721:
9714:
9709:
9702:
9699:Northern Light
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9634:
9632:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9538:
9536:
9532:
9531:
9529:
9528:
9521:
9520:
9519:
9509:
9497:
9491:
9485:
9479:
9471:
9468:Europa Clipper
9465:
9456:
9454:
9447:
9443:
9442:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9435:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9404:Mars 2M No.521
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9375:
9373:
9363:
9362:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9334:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9322:
9315:
9314:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9299:
9298:
9297:
9280:
9273:
9267:
9265:
9261:
9260:
9258:
9257:
9249:
9242:
9234:
9227:
9222:
9213:
9206:
9199:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9171:
9169:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9152:
9145:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9123:
9122:
9117:
9110:Phobos program
9107:
9106:
9105:
9098:
9089:Viking program
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9060:
9058:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9050:
9042:
9037:
9030:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8992:
8990:
8981:
8977:
8976:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8945:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8940:
8935:
8923:
8922:
8921:
8916:
8903:
8901:
8895:
8894:
8892:
8891:
8883:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8865:
8864:
8852:
8845:
8837:
8835:
8826:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8787:
8786:
8779:
8772:
8764:
8755:
8754:
8750:Crewed flights
8746:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8720:
8714:
8705:
8700:
8691:
8682:
8672:
8667:
8656:
8654:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8646:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8616:
8609:SEOSat-Ingenio
8606:
8599:
8590:
8585:
8562:
8556:
8542:
8540:
8536:
8535:
8533:
8532:
8524:
8523:(3 satellites)
8518:
8506:
8500:
8494:
8487:
8482:
8476:
8456:
8454:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8408:
8399:
8394:
8384:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8362:
8314:
8312:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8272:
8259:
8246:
8240:
8238:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8221:
8207:
8202:
8200:Progress MS-15
8197:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8160:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8131:
8125:
8123:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8115:
8109:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8085:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8042:
8036:
8026:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8014:Progress MS-14
8011:
8005:
8000:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7982:
7972:
7971:(3 satellites)
7966:
7960:
7954:
7942:
7934:
7923:
7921:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7897:
7892:
7880:
7875:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7847:
7838:
7825:
7820:
7813:
7811:
7807:
7806:
7800:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7759:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7734:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7673:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7652:
7647:
7641:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7613:Northern Light
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7574:
7572:
7569:Cancelled and
7566:
7565:
7563:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7446:
7444:Europa Clipper
7441:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7400:
7395:
7387:
7385:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7350:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7313:
7308:
7302:
7300:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7211:
7209:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7116:
7114:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7040:Drake equation
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6979:Exoplanetology
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6954:Astrochemistry
6950:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6936:
6935:
6928:
6921:
6913:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6776:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6740:
6732:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6697:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6676:
6675:
6668:
6661:
6653:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6628:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6521:Columbia Hills
6517:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6366:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6330:
6329:
6322:
6315:
6307:
6283:
6270:
6263:
6245:
6232:
6225:
6207:
6193:
6186:
6168:
6150:
6137:
6130:
6112:
6101:
6094:
6078:
6062:
6046:
6028:
6017:
6010:
5997:
5990:
5972:
5957:
5953: Planned)
5946: Inactive
5932:
5921:
5913:Martian rovers
5893:
5887:
5883:
5882:
5866:
5861:
5850:
5839:
5828:
5817:
5806:
5795:
5784:
5773:
5762:
5751:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5695:
5694:External links
5692:
5689:
5688:
5665:
5640:
5614:
5591:
5563:
5533:
5500:
5467:
5432:
5419:techbriefs.com
5406:
5391:
5373:
5345:
5319:
5294:
5268:
5243:
5212:
5186:
5164:
5150:
5124:
5098:
5068:
5044:
5012:
4986:
4963:
4940:
4917:
4894:
4871:
4811:
4789:
4766:
4734:
4698:
4675:
4652:
4626:
4592:
4556:
4533:
4501:
4490:. Science News
4478:
4472:Sarah Kaplan,
4458:
4435:
4404:
4380:
4359:Timothy Canham
4343:
4327:
4289:
4278:(in Norwegian)
4262:
4251:(in Norwegian)
4235:
4196:
4165:
4125:
4093:
4058:
4035:
4008:
3985:
3949:
3916:
3890:
3874:
3843:
3811:
3778:
3755:
3716:
3702:
3679:
3660:
3632:
3617:
3591:
3556:
3530:
3488:
3456:
3441:
3415:
3376:
3341:
3308:
3276:
3237:
3222:
3185:
3170:
3144:
3120:
3094:
3064:
3036:
2996:
2959:
2936:
2908:
2859:
2820:
2797:
2771:
2751:
2717:
2691:
2665:
2640:
2614:
2582:
2550:
2518:
2494:
2466:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2402:
2353:along with it.
2324:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2266:stored aboard
2259:
2256:
2220:
2217:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2021:
2020:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1818:(5 March 2021)
1794:carbonate rock
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1709:
1706:J.R.R. Tolkien
1685:
1678:
1671:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1578:Main article:
1575:
1572:
1483:during descent
1461:
1458:
1402:
1399:
1356:Columbia Hills
1283:
1280:
1251:Main article:
1248:
1242:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1002:Main article:
999:
993:
941:
940:
932:
924:
916:
907:
898:
895:
893:
890:
791:
786:carbon dioxide
777:
768:crewed mission
708:
705:
687:
684:
516:
515:
508:
502:
501:
494:
489:Europa Clipper
487:
481:
480:
467:
436:
435:
432:
431:
425:
424:Distance flown
421:
420:
375:
371:
370:
363:
359:
358:
351:
347:
346:
339:
338:
335:
331:
330:
290:
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
270:
266:
265:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
233:Cape Canaveral
230:
226:
225:
219:
215:
214:
208:
204:
203:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
157:
156:
150:
144:
140:
138:
134:
133:
130:
121:
120:
106:
100:
99:
97:
96:
91:
85:
83:
79:
78:
72:
68:
67:
64:
63:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13999:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13978:
13975:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13954:
13952:
13942:
13932:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13918:
13908:
13907:
13904:
13891:
13887:
13886:
13881:
13873:
13871:
13861:
13860:
13857:
13850:
13848:
13843:
13842:
13838:
13835:
13834:
13829:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13817:
13816:
13814:
13808:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13783:
13781:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13764:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13745:
13744:
13742:
13739:
13733:
13726:
13725:Andy's object
13723:
13721:(brown dwarf)
13720:
13717:
13714:
13711:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13697:
13694:
13691:
13687:
13678:
13674:
13665:
13662:
13659:
13656:
13653:
13652:TIC 168789840
13650:
13647:
13644:
13641:
13638:
13637:
13635:
13631:
13625:
13622:
13619:(unconfirmed)
13617:
13614:
13609:
13606:
13605:
13604:
13601:
13596:
13593:
13590:
13587:
13585:
13582:
13579:
13578:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13541:
13538:
13537:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13518:
13515:
13514:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13477:(unconfirmed)
13475:
13472:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13462:
13458:
13452:
13449:
13446:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13429:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13407:
13398:
13395:
13386:
13384:
13381:
13378:
13369:
13366:
13357:
13354:
13345:
13342:
13333:
13331:
13330:99942 Apophis
13328:
13325:
13316:
13313:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13296:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13281:
13279:
13277:
13272:
13266:
13263:
13262:
13260:
13258:
13257:Impact events
13254:
13249:
13243:
13237:
13226:
13223:
13220:
13219:
13214:
13211:
13208:
13207:
13203:
13200:
13199:
13195:
13192:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13182:
13176:
13168:
13163:
13158:
13157:
13154:
13150:2021 in space
13145:
13140:
13138:
13133:
13131:
13126:
13125:
13122:
13110:
13106:
13105:
13100:
13092:
13090:
13080:
13079:
13076:
13069:
13066:
13063:
13059:
13058:
13054:
13051:
13047:
13044:
13041:
13038:
13035:
13034:
13030:
13029:
13027:
13021:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13007:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12980:
12977:
12975:
12972:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12960:
12954:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12941:
12938:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12920:
12917:
12914:
12911:
12908:
12905:
12902:
12899:
12896:
12895:SGR 1935+2154
12893:
12890:
12887:
12884:
12883:PSO J03094+27
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12868:
12865:
12862:
12859:
12858:
12856:
12852:
12846:
12845:WD 1856+534 b
12843:
12841:
12838:
12833:
12830:
12827:
12826:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12812:
12809:
12808:
12807:
12804:
12800:
12797:
12794:
12791:
12790:
12789:
12786:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12767:
12766:
12763:
12757:
12754:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12737:
12734:
12731:
12730:
12729:
12728:Lacaille 9352
12726:
12724:
12721:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12711:
12708:
12705:
12700:
12697:
12694:
12693:
12692:
12689:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12676:
12675:
12672:
12669:
12666:
12663:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12654:
12650:
12646:
12639:
12630:
12627:
12618:
12615:
12606:
12603:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12581:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12563:
12558:
12555:
12552:
12543:
12540:
12531:
12529:
12526:
12523:
12514:
12511:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12489:
12480:
12477:
12468:
12464:
12458:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12441:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12421:
12419:
12417:
12411:
12405:
12402:
12401:
12399:
12397:
12396:Impact events
12393:
12388:
12382:
12376:
12365:
12362:
12358:
12357:
12352:
12350:
12348:
12344:
12343:
12341:
12338:
12335:
12334:
12330:
12327:
12326:
12322:
12319:
12318:Solar Orbiter
12316:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12306:
12300:
12292:
12287:
12282:
12281:
12278:
12274:2020 in space
12269:
12264:
12262:
12257:
12255:
12250:
12249:
12246:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12215:
12212:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12188:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12178:
12176:
12172:
12170:
12166:
12164:
12162:
12157:
12156:Chandrayaan-3
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12137:
12136:
12132:
12130:
12129:
12125:
12123:
12122:
12118:
12117:
12115:
12111:
12108:
12107:
12105:
12104:
12102:
12098:
12090:
12088:
12083:
12082:Chandrayaan-2
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12072:
12068:
12066:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12051:
12049:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12039:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12029:
12027:
12023:
12022:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12012:
12010:
12006:
12005:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11994:
11990:
11988:
11987:
11982:
11981:
11977:
11976:
11974:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11964:
11960:
11958:
11957:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11940:
11939:Venus Express
11936:
11934:
11931:
11930:
11928:
11924:
11923:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11912:
11909:
11908:
11906:
11902:
11901:
11897:
11896:
11894:
11890:
11888:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11874:
11873:
11871:
11870:
11868:
11864:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11845:Chandrayaan-1
11843:
11841:
11840:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11830:
11828:
11824:
11823:
11819:
11818:
11816:
11812:
11811:
11807:
11806:
11804:
11800:
11799:
11795:
11794:
11792:
11788:
11787:
11783:
11782:
11780:
11776:
11775:
11771:
11769:
11768:
11764:
11762:
11761:
11757:
11756:
11754:
11750:
11749:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11739:
11737:
11736:
11734:
11730:
11727:
11723:
11719:
11709:
11708:
11704:
11702:
11701:
11697:
11696:
11694:
11690:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11673:
11669:
11667:
11666:
11662:
11660:
11656:
11655:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11645:
11643:
11641:
11640:Minor planets
11637:
11628:
11627:
11626:
11625:
11621:
11617:
11614:
11613:
11612:
11611:
11607:
11603:
11600:
11599:
11598:
11597:
11593:
11589:
11586:
11585:
11584:
11583:
11579:
11578:
11576:
11574:Other planets
11572:
11564:
11562:
11558:
11557:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11550:
11546:
11544:
11542:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11522:
11518:
11516:
11515:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11493:
11489:
11481:
11478:
11477:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11422:Chandrayaan-2
11420:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11410:
11409:
11407:
11405:
11401:
11395:
11394:Solar Orbiter
11392:
11390:
11387:
11386:
11384:
11380:
11377:
11373:
11369:
11365:
11362:21st-century
11357:
11352:
11350:
11345:
11343:
11338:
11337:
11334:
11322:
11321:
11312:
11310:
11309:
11300:
11299:
11296:
11290:
11289:Nikon NASA F4
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11234:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11207:
11203:
11202:
11200:
11196:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11174:NASA insignia
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11154:Lunar plaques
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11144:
11140:
11138:
11137:
11133:
11131:
11130:
11126:
11124:
11123:
11119:
11117:
11116:
11112:
11108:
11107:
11106:Pale Blue Dot
11103:
11102:
11101:
11100:
11096:
11094:
11093:
11089:
11087:
11086:
11082:
11081:
11079:
11073:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11036:
11035:
11034:NASA missions
11032:
11030:
11029:NASA aircraft
11027:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10995:
10994:
10992:
10988:
10982:
10979:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10951:Space Network
10949:
10947:
10944:
10943:
10941:
10939:
10933:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10917:
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10902:
10900:
10896:
10890:
10887:
10883:
10880:
10879:
10878:
10875:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10864:
10860:
10859:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10827:
10823:
10821:
10820:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10807:
10804:
10803:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10796:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10763:
10760:
10759:
10758:
10756:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10739:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10722:
10718:
10716:
10715:
10711:
10709:
10708:
10704:
10703:
10701:
10695:
10687:
10684:
10683:
10682:
10680:
10676:
10674:
10673:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10636:
10632:
10630:
10629:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10617:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10604:
10600:
10598:
10596:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10584:Space Shuttle
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10558:
10557:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10546:
10544:
10543:
10539:
10537:
10536:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10505:
10502:
10498:
10492:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10466:New Frontiers
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10426:
10422:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10375:Lunar Orbiter
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10342:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10330:
10326:
10316:
10315:Lunar Gateway
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10287:
10285:
10281:
10275:
10274:Constellation
10272:
10269:
10265:
10264:
10259:
10257:
10256:Space Shuttle
10254:
10251:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10221:
10217:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10207:
10204:
10200:
10196:
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10179:
10176:
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10124:
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10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10095:
10094:NASA research
10092:
10090:
10087:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10074:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
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10048:
10041:
10038:
10035:
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10029:
10026:
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10014:
10011:
10008:
10005:
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9999:
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9987:
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9972:
9969:
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9963:
9960:
9959:
9957:
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9947:
9944:
9941:
9937:
9933:
9926:
9921:
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9914:
9912:
9907:
9906:
9903:
9890:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9859:
9855:
9853:
9852:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9841:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9810:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9788:Human mission
9786:
9784:
9783:Sample return
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
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9507:
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9469:
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9407:
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9380:
9377:
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9368:
9364:
9352:
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9340:
9336:
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9300:
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9151:
9150:
9146:
9144:
9143:
9139:
9137:
9136:
9132:
9130:
9129:
9128:Mars Observer
9125:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9112:
9111:
9108:
9104:
9103:
9099:
9097:
9096:
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9059:
9055:
9048:
9047:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9031:
9029:
9028:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
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9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
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8991:
8989:
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8978:
8971:
8963:
8955:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8929:
8928:
8924:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
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8909:
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8902:
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8896:
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8809:
8807:
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8803:
8800:
8796:
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8778:
8773:
8771:
8766:
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8762:
8751:
8744:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8724:
8721:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8676:
8675:SpaceX CRS-21
8673:
8671:
8668:
8665:
8661:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8627:
8621:
8617:
8614:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8604:
8603:SpaceX Crew-1
8600:
8598:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8588:Tiantong-1 02
8586:
8582:
8575:
8570:
8566:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8555:
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8544:
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8443:
8437:
8431:
8425:
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8416:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8392:
8388:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8366:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8346:
8339:
8334:
8330:
8324:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8313:
8309:
8303:
8302:
8296:
8293:
8291:
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8283:
8280:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8235:
8229:
8225:
8222:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8205:Ziyuan III-03
8203:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8168:
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8143:
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8136:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8126:
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8120:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8091:
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8086:
8084:
8080:
8077:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
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8056:
8053:
8050:
8046:
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8040:
8037:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8021:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7998:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7987:
7980:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7961:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7927:SpaceX CRS-20
7925:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7889:
7884:
7883:Solar Orbiter
7881:
7879:
7878:IGS-Optical 7
7876:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7863:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7808:
7803:
7799:
7788:
7780:
7775:
7773:
7768:
7766:
7761:
7760:
7757:
7745:
7744:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
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7657:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7634:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
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7573:
7567:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7510:Europa Lander
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7428:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7412:
7406:
7405:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7323:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7297:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7197:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7107:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7065:Extremophiles
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7011:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6934:
6929:
6927:
6922:
6920:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6898:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6852:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:Past missions
6685:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6667:
6662:
6660:
6655:
6654:
6651:
6639:
6629:
6627:
6626:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6601:Cheyava Falls
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6561:Mawrth Vallis
6559:
6557:
6556:Holden crater
6554:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6542:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6530:Jezero crater
6528:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6506:
6505:Jezero crater
6503:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6491:landing sites
6487:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6388:
6377:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6328:
6323:
6321:
6316:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6298:
6295:
6287:
6280:
6277:
6267:
6260:
6257:
6249:
6242:
6239:
6229:
6222:
6219:
6211:
6204:
6200:
6190:
6183:
6180:
6172:
6165:
6162:
6154:
6147:
6144:
6134:
6127:
6124:
6116:
6109:
6098:
6091:
6082:
6075:
6066:
6059:
6050:
6043:
6040:
6032:
6025:
6014:
6007:
6004:
5994:
5987:
5984:
5976:
5966:
5962:
5929:
5925:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5901:
5897:
5886:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5661:public domain
5651:
5644:
5629:
5625:
5618:
5603:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5587:public domain
5577:
5573:
5567:
5552:
5548:
5546:
5537:
5530:
5529:public domain
5511:
5504:
5497:
5496:public domain
5478:
5471:
5464:
5463:public domain
5446:
5445:mars.nasa.gov
5442:
5436:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5402:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5377:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5349:
5334:
5330:
5323:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5216:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5174:
5168:
5160:
5154:
5139:
5138:mars.nasa.gov
5135:
5128:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5072:
5065:
5064:public domain
5054:
5048:
5041:
5040:public domain
5022:
5016:
5001:
5000:New Scientist
4997:
4990:
4974:
4967:
4951:
4944:
4928:
4921:
4905:
4898:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4815:
4799:
4793:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4762:public domain
4744:
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4730:public domain
4713:
4712:mars.nasa.gov
4709:
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4638:
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4139:
4138:mars.nasa.gov
4135:
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4121:public domain
4103:
4097:
4090:
4089:public domain
4071:
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4012:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3981:public domain
3964:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3945:public domain
3927:
3920:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3887:
3884:Eric Berger,
3883:
3878:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3839:public domain
3821:
3815:
3808:
3807:public domain
3789:
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3355:
3354:mars.nasa.gov
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3337:public domain
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3286:
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3200:
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3174:
3159:
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3148:
3141:
3140:public domain
3131:. NASA. 2015.
3130:
3124:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3068:
3053:
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2913:
2905:
2904:public domain
2883:
2876:
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2856:
2855:public domain
2842:
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2827:
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2786:
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2778:
2776:
2767:
2766:
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2755:
2740:
2736:
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2728:
2721:
2706:
2705:mars.nasa.gov
2702:
2695:
2680:
2676:
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2650:
2644:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2610:public domain
2592:
2586:
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2578:public domain
2560:
2554:
2547:
2546:public domain
2528:
2522:
2515:
2514:public domain
2504:
2498:
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2490:public domain
2480:
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2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2238:
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2232:
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2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:Valinor Hills
2195:
2182:
2172:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2118:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2029:
2025:
1999:
1992:
1981:
1974:
1965:
1962:The deployed
1958:
1950:
1949:Persevervence
1946:
1940:
1930:
1919:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1842:
1830:
1817:
1816:Jezero crater
1813:
1809:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1718:
1717:Jezero Crater
1714:
1713:Cheyava Falls
1710:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
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1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:had survived
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:launched its
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:Mawrth Vallis
1369:
1368:Holden crater
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:biosignatures
1349:
1348:Jezero crater
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:Jezero crater
1298:
1293:
1289:
1288:Water on Mars
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1005:
997:
992:
989:
988:Xombie rocket
985:
979:
976:
975:descent stage
972:
971:
965:
961:
957:
956:descent stage
953:
949:
933:
925:
917:
909:
908:
903:
889:
885:
883:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
824:
816:
812:
810:
806:
802:
796:
794:
787:
784:
773:
769:
765:
760:
755:
753:
751:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:biosignatures
726:
718:
713:
704:
702:
698:
693:
683:
681:
680:
675:
673:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:biosignatures
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
531:
526:
522:
512: →
511:
506:
503:←
499:
498:
491: →
490:
485:
482:←
477:
472:
471:
465:
459:
453:
447:
442:
437:
433:
430:
426:
422:
417:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
169:
165:
161:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
139:
135:
131:
129:
122:
117:
111:
107:
105:
101:
95:
92:
90:
87:
86:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
59:
55:
54:
49:
48:
43:
42:Self-portrait
37:
32:
26:
22:
13987:2021 on Mars
13883:
13846:
13839:
13833:Perseverance
13832:
13827:
13822:Mars mission
13819:
13502:Kepler-1704b
13417:3361 Orpheus
13216:
13204:
13201:(April 2021)
13196:
13102:
13055:
13031:
12718:Kepler-1649c
12562:space debris
12355:
12347:Perseverance
12346:
12339:
12331:
12324:
12303:Space probe
12186:
12168:
12160:
12134:
12127:
12120:
12086:
12069:
12062:
12036:
12019:
12004:Schiaparelli
12002:
11992:
11984:
11978:
11961:
11954:
11945:Chang'e 5-T1
11937:
11920:
11898:
11886:
11875:
11837:
11820:
11808:
11796:
11784:
11772:
11765:
11758:
11748:Deep Space 1
11746:
11705:
11698:
11672:New Horizons
11670:
11663:
11652:
11622:
11608:
11594:
11580:
11561:Perseverance
11560:
11554:
11547:
11540:
11519:
11514:Mars Express
11512:
11436:
11364:space probes
11319:
11307:
11141:
11134:
11128:
11120:
11113:
11104:
11097:
11090:
11083:
10914:
10863:Perseverance
10862:
10856:
10824:
10817:
10794:
10754:
10737:
10721:New Horizons
10719:
10712:
10705:
10678:
10670:
10646:
10634:
10627:
10614:
10602:
10594:
10555:
10547:
10540:
10533:
10262:
10246:Apollo–Soyuz
9874:Mars Society
9856:
9849:
9803:Terraforming
9798:Colonization
9724:Voyager Mars
9716:
9704:
9697:
9523:
9503:
9474:
9461:Mangalyaan-2
9460:
9379:Mars 1M No.1
9350:
9338:
9318:
9302:
9288:
9276:
9252:
9245:
9239:Schiaparelli
9238:
9230:
9220:Deep Space 2
9209:
9202:
9195:
9155:
9147:
9140:
9133:
9126:
9100:
9093:
9045:
9032:
9025:
8932:
8927:Perseverance
8926:
8907:
8886:
8879:
8854:
8849:Mars Express
8847:
8840:
8749:
8601:
8521:Yaogan 30-07
8489:
8460:Cygnus NG-14
8376:Gaofen 11-02
8300:
8228:Ekspress-103
8214:Perseverance
8209:
8129:Gaofen DUOMO
8087:
7995:
7969:Yaogan 30-06
7911:Meridian-M 9
7895:Cygnus NG-13
7888:TechEdSat-10
7741:
7729:
7638:and programs
7636:Institutions
7454:
7436:
7414:Heliocentric
7402:
7390:
7358:
7345:
7337:Perseverance
7336:
7330:
7321:
7125:Earth analog
7112:habitability
7080:Ocean planet
7050:Earth analog
7035:Biosignature
6994:Paleontology
6989:Microbiology
6969:Biochemistry
6959:Astrophysics
6940:Astrobiology
6886:Mars landing
6835:
6812:
6807:Perseverance
6805:
6786:
6752:
6744:
6743:Timeline of
6736:
6735:Timeline of
6722:
6716:
6707:
6700:
6618:
6571:Melas Chasma
6525:Gusev crater
6475:Rocker-bogie
6369:
6362:Perseverance
6361:
6333:
6293:
6275:
6255:
6237:
6217:
6199:Schiaparelli
6198:
6178:
6160:
6143:Perseverance
6142:
6122:
6038:
6022:Deep Space 2
6002:
5982:
5939: Active
5927:
5884:
5874:
5871:Perseverance
5870:
5869:Video: Mars
5681:February 20,
5679:. Retrieved
5668:
5643:
5633:December 22,
5631:. Retrieved
5627:
5617:
5606:, retrieved
5600:
5594:
5566:
5554:. Retrieved
5550:
5544:
5536:
5514:. Retrieved
5503:
5481:. Retrieved
5470:
5450:February 12,
5448:. Retrieved
5444:
5435:
5425:February 17,
5423:. Retrieved
5418:
5409:
5394:
5385:
5376:
5364:. Retrieved
5358:
5348:
5338:September 9,
5336:. Retrieved
5332:
5322:
5310:. Retrieved
5306:
5297:
5285:. Retrieved
5281:
5271:
5261:February 11,
5259:. Retrieved
5255:
5246:
5236:December 25,
5234:. Retrieved
5230:the original
5225:
5215:
5203:. Retrieved
5198:
5189:
5177:. Retrieved
5167:
5153:
5141:. Retrieved
5137:
5127:
5115:. Retrieved
5111:
5101:
5089:. Retrieved
5085:
5079:
5071:
5047:
5025:. Retrieved
5015:
5005:February 24,
5003:. Retrieved
4999:
4989:
4979:February 23,
4977:. Retrieved
4966:
4956:February 22,
4954:. Retrieved
4943:
4933:February 20,
4931:. Retrieved
4920:
4910:February 22,
4908:. Retrieved
4897:
4887:February 11,
4885:. Retrieved
4874:
4829:
4825:
4814:
4802:. Retrieved
4792:
4782:February 22,
4780:. Retrieved
4769:
4747:. Retrieved
4737:
4717:February 19,
4715:. Retrieved
4711:
4701:
4689:. Retrieved
4678:
4666:. Retrieved
4655:
4635:
4629:
4619:February 12,
4617:. Retrieved
4605:
4595:
4575:February 12,
4573:. Retrieved
4569:the original
4559:
4549:September 9,
4547:. Retrieved
4536:
4514:. Retrieved
4504:
4492:. Retrieved
4481:
4473:
4468:Perseverance
4467:
4461:
4451:November 20,
4449:. Retrieved
4438:
4428:November 21,
4426:. Retrieved
4422:
4395:. Retrieved
4346:
4341:, 4 May 2018
4338:
4330:
4310:February 14,
4308:. Retrieved
4282:February 20,
4280:. Retrieved
4275:
4265:
4253:. Retrieved
4248:
4238:
4216:. Retrieved
4187:. Retrieved
4183:the original
4178:
4168:
4149:
4142:. Retrieved
4137:
4128:
4106:. Retrieved
4096:
4074:. Retrieved
4049:. Retrieved
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4021:
4011:
3999:. Retrieved
3988:
3966:. Retrieved
3962:
3952:
3930:. Retrieved
3919:
3907:. Retrieved
3903:the original
3893:
3886:Ars Technica
3885:
3877:
3867:February 25,
3865:. Retrieved
3856:
3846:
3824:. Retrieved
3814:
3792:. Retrieved
3781:
3769:. Retrieved
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3742:the original
3737:
3705:
3693:. Retrieved
3682:
3674:
3635:
3600:
3594:
3549:November 10,
3547:. Retrieved
3513:February 17,
3511:. Retrieved
3506:
3469:. Retrieved
3459:
3444:
3434:December 29,
3432:. Retrieved
3396:. Retrieved
3391:
3357:. Retrieved
3353:
3344:
3322:. Retrieved
3311:
3289:. Retrieved
3287:. NASA. 2013
3279:
3257:. Retrieved
3250:the original
3240:
3225:
3205:February 19,
3203:. Retrieved
3199:the original
3188:
3182:. SpaceNews.
3173:
3161:. Retrieved
3157:
3147:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3107:
3097:
3085:. Retrieved
3081:the original
3076:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3049:
3039:
3031:
3024:. Retrieved
3020:
2975:February 18,
2973:. Retrieved
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2891:December 13,
2889:. Retrieved
2882:the original
2838:
2811:. Retrieved
2800:
2789:, retrieved
2783:
2763:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2730:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2678:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2627:
2617:
2595:. Retrieved
2585:
2565:February 19,
2563:. Retrieved
2553:
2531:. Retrieved
2521:
2497:
2478:
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2452:
2395:
2387:
2383:Wright Flyer
2381:
2375:
2356:
2347:Perseverance
2346:
2328:Perseverance
2327:
2325:
2303:Perseverance
2302:
2288:Perseverance
2287:
2272:Perseverance
2271:
2268:Perseverance
2267:
2261:
2251:
2248:Perseverance
2247:
2242:
2235:
2230:Perseverance
2229:
2222:
2211:Perseverance
2210:
2202:
2198:
2170:
2152:
2102:
2046:
2027:
2024:Perseverance
2023:
1997:
1979:
1963:
1948:
1944:
1928:
1918:Perseverance
1917:
1902:Perseverance
1901:
1894:
1880:Perseverance
1879:
1864:Perseverance
1863:
1848:Perseverance
1847:
1814:Site in the
1808:Perseverance
1807:
1783:Perseverance
1782:
1779:Martian soil
1761:Perseverance
1760:
1735:Perseverance
1734:
1696:
1693:Perseverance
1692:
1688:
1681:
1675:Perseverance
1674:
1668:Perseverance
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1635:Perseverance
1634:
1621:
1608:
1602:Perseverance
1601:
1595:Perseverance
1594:
1567:
1564:Perseverance
1563:
1552:Perseverance
1551:
1548:Perseverance
1547:
1543:
1540:Perseverance
1539:
1538:
1533:Perseverance
1532:
1519:Perseverance
1518:
1507:
1501:
1486:
1470:Perseverance
1469:
1454:
1443:
1435:
1420:
1388:
1384:Melas Chasma
1360:Gusev crater
1345:
1312:
1309:Perseverance
1308:
1292:Life on Mars
1276:Perseverance
1275:
1273:
1269:Perseverance
1268:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1235:
1222:Wright Flyer
1220:
1210:Perseverance
1209:
1206:Perseverance
1205:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1177:of FFI, the
1164:
1152:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1129:Perseverance
1128:
1120:
1113:Perseverance
1112:
1105:
1099:Perseverance
1098:
1089:
1086:Perseverance
1085:
1084:
1058:
1044:Perseverance
1043:
1025:Perseverance
1024:
996:Perseverance
995:
980:
969:
963:
960:Perseverance
959:
945:
886:
881:
877:Perseverance
876:
874:
854:solid-fueled
842:Perseverance
841:
838:solid-fueled
830:
797:
759:Perseverance
758:
756:
749:
745:
722:
717:Perseverance
716:
689:
677:
671:
666:
656:
651:
648:Perseverance
647:
637:
631:Perseverance
630:
611:life on Mars
607:habitability
595:Perseverance
594:
593:
579:operated on
576:
563:has been on
561:Perseverance
560:
534:
530:Perseverance
528:
520:
519:
495:
475:
468:
463:
452:Perseverance
451:
374:Landing site
367:Perseverance
366:
362:Landing date
354:
289:Landing site
281:Landing date
274:Perseverance
273:
176:Manufacturer
152:
147:Perseverance
146:
71:Mission type
51:
47:Perseverance
45:
25:
13941:Spaceflight
13812:exploration
13780:(PanSTARRS)
13693:ALESS 073.1
13633:Discoveries
13497:HD 110082 b
13492:HD 108236 f
13482:COCONUTS-2b
13434:4660 Nereus
13064:; Dec 2020)
13052:; Oct 2020)
13040:BepiColombo
13025:exploration
12935:(announced)
12922:(announced)
12854:Discoveries
12760:(predicted)
12342:(Jul 2020)
12077:Longjiang-2
12063:Opportunity
12044:Longjiang-1
11922:Deep Impact
11582:BepiColombo
11149:Deep fields
11077:and artwork
11075:NASA images
10647:Opportunity
10116:NASA Social
9942:and history
9738:Exploration
9587:MELOS rover
9490:(mid 2020s)
9429:Fobos-Grunt
9303:Opportunity
8664:Kosmos 2548
8509:Kosmos 2547
8491:Soyuz MS-17
8436:LacunaSat-3
8406:Huanjing 2B
8402:Huanjing 2A
8318:ION-SCV 001
8301:First Light
8285:Gaofen 9-05
8244:Gaofen 9-04
8224:Ekspress-80
8142:Shiyan 6-02
8071:Starshine 4
8065:LauncherOne
8045:X-37B OTV-6
7997:Soyuz MS-16
7945:Kosmos 2545
7571:undeveloped
7421:BioSentinel
7311:Fobos-Grunt
7208:Earth orbit
7030:Biomolecule
7020:Abiogenesis
7013:Main topics
6947:Disciplines
6871:Lunar rover
6737:Opportunity
6724:Opportunity
6680:Mars rovers
6566:Nili Fossae
6123:Opportunity
5959:(See also:
5608:January 17,
5483:January 21,
5143:January 27,
5117:January 26,
5082:draws near"
4664:. SpaceNews
4447:. Space.com
4397:January 25,
4337:Jeff Fout,
4189:December 5,
4051:October 11,
4001:December 5,
3997:. Space.com
3968:January 28,
3909:January 28,
3748:February 5,
3673:Mike Wall,
3430:. SpaceNews
3359:December 4,
3163:December 5,
3087:December 8,
3057:December 8,
3026:December 5,
2971:. Space.com
2952:December 5,
2929:February 5,
2925:. Space.com
2791:February 1,
2398:Swati Mohan
2371:coordinates
2363:binary code
2349:carried an
2203:Ingenuity's
2173:instruments
1715:" in Mars'
1664:Séítah unit
1660:Séítah unit
1380:Nili Fossae
1324:CRISM / CTX
1321:false color
1239:helicopter.
1231:solar panel
930: Earth
733:Atlas V-541
697:Adam Schiff
411: /
377:Helipad at
321: /
229:Launch site
222:Atlas V 541
207:Launch date
186:Launch mass
77:exploration
13951:Categories
13661:black hole
13487:Gliese 486
13461:Exoplanets
13227:(Dec 2021)
13221:(Nov 2021)
13209:(Oct 2021)
13046:OSIRIS-REx
13009:88P/Howell
12867:FRB 180916
12861:Betelgeuse
12819:TOI-1338 b
12743:M51-ULS-1b
12723:KOI-456.04
12691:Gliese 433
12674:Gliese 414
12668:Gliese 229
12649:Exoplanets
12336:(Jul 2020)
12328:(Jul 2020)
12320:(Feb 2020)
12189:helicopter
12128:Mangalyaan
11760:Pioneer 10
11678:OSIRIS-REx
11659:MINERVA-II
11237:Moon rocks
10997:Astronauts
10990:NASA lists
10847:OSIRIS-REx
10681:helicopter
10549:Pioneer 11
10542:Pioneer 10
10345:Hitchhiker
10220:suborbital
10057:Space Race
9812:Strategies
9706:Red Dragon
9668:Mars-Aster
9612:Sky-Sailor
9607:Phootprint
9577:Mars-Grunt
9394:2MV-3 No.1
9389:2MV-4 No.1
9341:helicopter
9156:Mangalyaan
8633:Sentinel-6
8569:RISAT-2BR2
8397:HaiYang 2C
7618:Red Dragon
7398:OSIRIS-REx
7382:Comets and
7085:Panspermia
6372:helicopter
5312:August 27,
5287:August 27,
4804:August 20,
4545:. Phys.org
4214:. JPL/NASA
4179:Cosmic Log
4072:. NASA/JPL
4028:August 22,
3932:October 5,
3691:. BBC News
3467:. NASA/JPL
2948:. BBC News
2837:"Call for
2459:August 20,
2432:References
2369:) and the
2359:livestream
2351:Easter egg
2319:Eventbrite
2252:Curiosity'
1931:helicopter
1899:views the
1897:helicopter
1689:Ingenuity.
1568:Ingenuity'
1311:rover and
1286:See also:
1247:helicopter
1062:helicopter
938: Mars
892:Spacecraft
862:rendezvous
772:technology
735:, and the
707:Objectives
686:Conception
644:core drill
589:total days
573:total days
429:72 flights
399:77°27′04″E
396:18°26′41″N
309:77°27′03″E
306:18°26′41″N
243:Contractor
56:(left) at
13957:Mars 2020
13917:Astronomy
13841:Tianwen-1
13828:Mars 2020
13786:C/2014 UN
13775:C/2014 OG
13769:8P/Tuttle
13663:candidate
13553:NGTS-14Ab
13274:Selected
13218:LICIACube
13068:Chang'e 5
13057:Hayabusa2
12940:Phosphine
12413:Selected
12364:Chang'e 5
12356:Ingenuity
12340:Mars 2020
12333:Tianwen-1
12187:Ingenuity
12110:Chang'e 5
12071:Beresheet
11956:MESSENGER
11833:Chang'e 1
11707:Voyager 2
11700:Voyager 1
11654:Hayabusa2
11648:Chang'e 2
11555:Mars 2020
11549:Tianwen-1
11541:Curiosity
11475:Chang'e 6
11465:Queqiao 2
11445:Chang'e 5
11432:Chang'e 4
11427:Chang'e 3
11264:Moon tree
11085:Earthrise
10960:Goldstone
10857:Mars 2020
10826:Voyager 2
10819:Voyager 1
10755:Curiosity
10699:operating
10697:Currently
10679:Ingenuity
10616:MESSENGER
10595:Sojourner
10524:Mercury 3
10514:Apollo 11
10461:Discovery
10451:Explorers
10040:Augustine
10004:Augustine
9879:Mars race
9693:NetLander
9653:Marsokhod
9631:proposals
9629:Cancelled
9433:Yinghuo-1
9414:Mariner 8
9409:2M No.522
9399:Mariner 3
9351:Mars 2020
9339:Ingenuity
9277:Sojourner
9253:Tianwen-1
9074:Mariner 9
9001:Mariner 4
8933:Mars 2020
8908:Curiosity
8887:Tianwen-1
8732:Yaogan 33
8717:OneWeb L4
8670:Gaofen 14
8638:Chang'e 5
8528:Flock-4e'
8513:GLONASS-K
8485:Gaofen-13
8333:UPM-Sat 2
8311:September
8295:Capella 2
8290:SAOCOM 1B
8266:Galaxy 30
8218:Ingenuity
8210:Mars 2020
8190:Tianwen-1
8185:ANASIS-II
8152:Apstar 6D
8049:FalconSAT
8039:Xingyun-2
7963:OneWeb L3
7949:GLONASS-M
7872:OneWeb L2
7535:Laplace-P
7438:Dragonfly
7392:Hayabusa2
7384:asteroids
7353:Tianwen-1
7331:Mars 2020
7322:Curiosity
7255:Eu:CROPIS
7110:Planetary
6891:Sky crane
6813:Mars 2020
6788:Curiosity
6760:Tianwen-1
6702:Sojourner
6514:Finalists
6480:Sky crane
6409:Mastcam-Z
6370:Ingenuity
6334:Mars 2020
6218:Sojourner
6003:Curiosity
5875:Ingenuity
5545:Curiosity
5366:April 28,
5080:Ingenuity
4866:2333-5084
4494:August 7,
4339:SpaceNews
3771:March 15,
3675:Space.com
2744:March 19,
2739:0362-4331
2710:March 19,
2684:March 19,
2658:March 19,
2633:March 19,
2533:August 2,
2388:Ingenuity
2264:microchip
2243:Curiosity
2236:Ingenuity
2153:Ingenuity
2103:Ingenuity
2047:Ingenuity
2028:Ingenuity
1998:Ingenuity
1980:Ingenuity
1966:on Sol 46
1964:Ingenuity
1945:Ingenuity
1929:Ingenuity
1895:Ingenuity
1697:Ingenuity
1682:Ingenuity
1656:Ingenuity
1649:Ingenuity
1642:Ingenuity
1622:Ingenuity
1609:Ingenuity
1544:Ingenuity
1515:sky crane
1509:Curiosity
1481:sky crane
1445:Tianwen-1
1442:launched
1434:with the
1313:Ingenuity
1258:Ingenuity
1245:Ingenuity
1236:Ingenuity
1202:Curiosity
1144:Curiosity
1133:Curiosity
1121:Curiosity
1117:aluminium
1106:Curiosity
1091:Curiosity
1059:Ingenuity
1027:rover at
970:Curiosity
964:Ingenuity
952:aeroshell
922: Sun
864:with the
850:two-stage
834:two-stage
750:Curiosity
652:Ingenuity
639:Curiosity
583:for 1042
577:Ingenuity
567:for 1285
536:Ingenuity
521:Mars 2020
464:Ingenuity
355:Ingenuity
153:Ingenuity
110:2020-052A
104:COSPAR ID
53:Ingenuity
29:Mars 2020
13699:PJ352–15
13658:V723 Mon
13624:YSES 2 b
13548:NGTS-13b
13535:LHS 1678
13004:2P/Encke
12932:GW190521
12919:GW190814
12907:PHL 293B
12824:TOI-1339
12756:Tau Ceti
12305:launches
11900:Stardust
11877:Hayabusa
11596:Akatsuki
11417:CAPSTONE
11308:Category
10970:Canberra
10882:timeline
10870:timeline
10806:timeline
10762:timeline
10659:observed
10654:timeline
10622:Aquarius
10562:timeline
10535:Magellan
10497:missions
10395:Surveyor
10331:programs
10261:Shuttle–
10202:programs
10034:Aldridge
9953:creation
9843:Advocacy
9778:Aircraft
9746:Concepts
9678:Mars One
9648:Beagle 3
9535:Proposed
9525:Kazachok
9508:) (2028)
9482:EscaPADE
9372:launches
9330:Aircraft
9309:timeline
9295:timeline
9237:ExoMars
9225:Beagle 2
9203:Viking 2
9196:Viking 1
9120:Phobos 2
9115:Phobos 1
9102:Viking 2
9095:Viking 1
9057:Orbiters
8938:timeline
8919:timeline
8862:timeline
8833:Orbiters
8712:GSAR-12R
8698:Orion 10
8660:Gonets-M
8653:December
8626:SpaceBEE
8597:NROL-101
8550:GPS IIIA
8539:November
8430:Kepler 5
8424:Kepler 4
8419:ICEYE X7
8415:ICEYE X6
8411:Gonets-M
8358:SpaceBEE
8338:Flock-4v
8323:Flock-4v
8135:Flock-4e
8112:Starlink
8106:Starlink
7937:BeiDou-3
7906:JCSAT-17
7865:February
7731:Category
7593:Kazachok
7583:Beagle 3
7515:ExoLance
7468:Proposed
7306:Beagle 2
7280:OREOcube
7260:EXOSTACK
7201:missions
6818:timeline
6799:timeline
6625:Category
6498:Selected
6489:Proposed
6465:MarsDial
6458:Features
6449:SuperCam
6354:Payloads
6294:Viking 2
6276:Viking 1
5983:Beagle 2
5961:Mars map
5576:Archived
5556:March 6,
5516:March 5,
5256:nasa.gov
5205:July 30,
5179:July 30,
5091:April 8,
4749:March 7,
4691:July 26,
4668:July 30,
4516:March 7,
3861:Archived
3826:July 17,
3627:21266048
3398:July 10,
3324:July 31,
2985:cite web
2813:July 12,
2597:March 5,
2404:See also
1810:rover –
1791:cemented
1775:regolith
1773:, rock,
1759:Mapping
701:Bill Nye
682:rover).
345:aircraft
224:(AV-088)
82:Operator
13929:Biology
13903:Portals
13847:Zhurong
13735:Comets
13681:2021 DR
13668:2018 AG
13603:TOI-755
13576:TOI-178
13563:PDS 70c
13512:L 98-59
13507:KOI-5Ab
13451:2018 AH
13423:1994 WR
13412:2019 XS
13401:2021 UA
13389:2021 TP
13383:2021 SG
13372:2016 AJ
13360:2021 PH
13348:2021 GW
13319:2021 DW
13307:2016 DV
13301:2020 XR
13290:2021 AV
13169: »
13160:«
13033:Spitzer
12962:Comets
12901:HR 6819
12863:dimming
12806:TOI-732
12788:TOI-700
12765:TOI-561
12713:K2-315b
12707:GJ 1151
12633:2020 XL
12597:2020 VT
12591:2020 VV
12586:2020 UA
12575:2020 SL
12569:2020 SW
12557:2020 SO
12546:2018 VP
12534:2011 ES
12528:2020 QG
12517:2020 OY
12499:2020 LD
12494:2020 JJ
12483:2020 HS
12452:2020 CD
12446:2020 CW
12435:2020 BX
12293: »
12284:«
12169:Zhurong
12161:Pragyan
12151:Luna 25
12135:InSight
12087:Pragyan
12021:Cassini
12000:ExoMars
11980:Rosetta
11963:PROCYON
11839:Ulysses
11822:Phoenix
11798:Huygens
11786:Genesis
11767:Galileo
11629:Jupiter
11616:Jupiter
11588:Mercury
11505:ExoMars
11480:ICUBE-Q
11460:Queqiao
11412:ARTEMIS
11320:Commons
11198:Related
11007:by year
11002:by name
10779:GOES 15
10769:GOES 14
10686:flights
10672:InSight
10628:Cassini
10556:Galileo
10481:SIMPLEx
10456:Voyager
10424:Current
10380:Pioneer
10350:Mariner
10329:Robotic
10310:Artemis
10283:Current
10226:Mercury
10218: (
10111:NASA TV
10050:General
9949:History
9763:Landing
9758:Orbiter
9547:DePhine
9500:ExoMars
9453:Planned
9424:Mars 96
9384:1M No.2
9346:flights
9319:Zhurong
9246:InSight
9231:Phoenix
9167:Landers
9027:Rosetta
8889:orbiter
8727:USA-313
8723:USA-312
8694:USA-311
8689:GECAM B
8685:GECAM A
8666:/ ERA-1
8613:TARANIS
8593:USA-310
8581:Lemur-2
8546:USA-309
8465:Lemur-2
8453:October
8442:Lemur-2
8345:Lemur-2
8329:ÑuSat 6
8299:Photon
8262:BSAT-4b
8194:Zhurong
8175:USA-308
8171:USA-307
8167:USA-306
8163:USA-305
8147:Ofek-16
7975:USA-298
7931:Lynk 04
7856:USA-294
7845:GSAT-30
7836:ÑuSat 8
7832:ÑuSat 7
7810:January
7743:Commons
7560:Trident
7550:Oceanus
7449:ExoMars
7430:Planned
7404:Rosetta
7359:Zhurong
7347:Phoenix
7285:Tanpopo
7275:O/OREOS
7220:BIOCORE
6854:Related
6843:ExoMars
6754:Zhurong
6584:Related
6444:SHERLOC
6256:Zhurong
6161:Phoenix
6039:InSight
5917:landers
5907:of the
5900:discuss
5859:YouTube
5848:YouTube
5837:YouTube
5826:YouTube
5815:YouTube
5804:YouTube
5793:YouTube
5782:YouTube
5771:YouTube
5760:YouTube
5749:YouTube
5652:. NASA.
5307:Twitter
5159:"x.com"
4834:Bibcode
4610:Bibcode
4255:June 4,
4218:July 6,
4144:July 1,
4108:July 9,
4076:July 6,
3794:July 1,
3695:July 9,
3578:. NASA.
3471:July 6,
3291:May 18,
3259:May 18,
3113:July 3,
2410:ExoMars
2380:' 1903
1846:Second
1724:Gallery
1489:InSight
1450:Zhurong
1282:Mission
1262:coaxial
1233:of the
805:weather
781:) from
679:Zhurong
672:Tianwen
545:Atlas V
505:InSight
125:SATCAT
13810:Space
13646:ID2299
13616:Vega b
13198:Tianhe
13023:Space
12662:AU Mic
12032:MASCOT
11986:Philae
11969:IKAROS
11887:Spirit
11855:LCROSS
11850:SELENE
11774:Nozomi
11683:Psyche
11450:Danuri
11437:Yutu-2
10965:Madrid
10898:Future
10813:NuSTAR
10744:THEMIS
10666:RHESSI
10603:Spirit
10400:Viking
10390:Ranger
10241:Skylab
10236:Apollo
10231:Gemini
10089:Budget
10042:(2009)
10036:(2004)
10030:(2004)
10024:(2003)
10018:(2002)
10016:CFUSAI
10012:(1996)
10006:(1990)
10000:(1989)
9994:(1987)
9988:(1986)
9986:Rogers
9982:(1986)
9976:(1958)
9970:(1958)
9964:(1915)
9940:Policy
9592:MetNet
9496:(2026)
9484:(2024)
9464:(2024)
9446:Future
9370:Failed
9289:Spirit
9271:PrOP-M
9264:Rovers
9255:lander
9190:Mars 7
9185:Mars 6
9180:Mars 3
9175:Mars 2
9142:Nozomi
9084:Mars 5
9079:Mars 4
9069:Mars 3
9064:Mars 2
9046:Psyche
9021:Mars 7
9016:Mars 6
9006:Zond 2
8996:Mars 1
8988:Flybys
8899:Rovers
8825:Active
8708:CMS-01
8565:EOS-01
8352:NAPA-1
8279:SkySat
8237:August
8041:01, 02
7802:2021 →
7787:← 2019
7692:MERMOZ
7485:CAESAR
7373:Viking
7290:VEGGIE
7265:EXPOSE
7245:E-MIST
7235:BIOPAN
7225:Biolab
7185:Tholin
6745:Spirit
6718:Spirit
6694:PrOP-M
6434:RIMFAX
6424:Navcam
6404:Hazcam
6238:Spirit
6088:Mars 6
6072:Mars 3
6056:Mars 2
5951:
5944:
5937:
5873:rover/
5717:(NASA)
5711:(NASA)
5512:. NASA
5479:. NASA
5027:May 7,
4864:
4745:. NASA
4606:Nature
4104:. NASA
3928:. NASA
3790:. NASA
3625:
3615:
3320:. NASA
2737:
2455:. NASA
2030:flight
1787:Silica
1764:'s
1560:breeze
1497:impact
1326:image.
1167:RIMFAX
1124:'s
1109:'s
1102:'s
1095:'s
936:
928:
920:
912:
858:Airbus
634:'s
587:(1071
571:(1321
553:Jezero
387:Jezero
297:Jezero
237:SLC-41
218:Rocket
60:, 2021
13849:rover
13689:(TNO)
13676:(TNO)
13062:Ryugu
13050:Bennu
12949:Water
12349:rover
12177:2024
12171:rover
12163:rover
12142:2023
12116:2022
12106:2020
12100:2020s
12089:rover
12065:rover
12054:MarCO
12050:2019
12028:2018
12011:2017
11995:rover
11975:2016
11951:2015
11933:LADEE
11929:2014
11917:2013
11911:GRAIL
11907:2012
11895:2011
11889:rover
11872:2010
11866:2010s
11829:2009
11817:2008
11805:2006
11793:2005
11781:2004
11755:2003
11738:2001
11732:2000s
11624:Juice
11602:Venus
11563:rover
11543:rover
11527:MAVEN
11439:rover
10910:NISAR
10865:rover
10837:MAVEN
10757:rover
10738:Swift
10649:rover
10610:LADEE
10605:rover
10597:rover
10574:GRAIL
10569:GALEX
10360:MESUR
10305:Orion
10106:NASA+
10082:Chief
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