Mass media in Russia

1739: 2614: 1832: 320: 24: 1295: 1884:, the four presidential candidates all received 21 hours of airtime on the three main channels to debate each other and present their views. According to research conducted by Professor Sarah Oates, most Russians believe that news reporting on the three national television channels is selective and unbalanced, but view this as appropriate. The responders to the study made it clear that they believe the role of state television should be to provide central authority and order in troubled times. 580: 1253: 436: 2786: 7041: 3001: 7051: 77: 276: 2343: 1848:, the only independent channel, came under increasing pressure in 2014. After a controversy over a historical poll in January, satellite providers started to drop the channel from their packages – reportedly under Kremlin pressure. In March the CEO announced the insolvency of the station, which still continued operating, with critical reporting on corruption and human rights abuses related to the 2440: 862: 330: 1720:

tightening of Kremlin control over an already heavily regulated media landscape" the state owned RIA Novosti news agency reported the same day. The station's editor-in-chief, Alexei Venediktov, and his deputy, Vladimir Varfolomeev, were also removed from the broadcaster's board of directors. Venediktov, one of the station's founders, had written on 11 March on his

2572:, established in 2001 as a no-profit organisation, strives to facilitate freedom of speech and the social protection of journalists. MediaSoyuz unites several journalistic associations, including the associations of political journalism, economic journalism, ecological journalism, Internet journalism, and others. 2647:

Various aspects of the contemporary press freedom situation are criticized by multiple international organizations. While much attention is paid to political influences, media expert William Dunkerley, a senior fellow at American University in Moscow, argues that the genesis of Russia's press freedom

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among journalists to avoid harassment. Amendments to the Mass Media Law in the late 2000s limited the spread of "extremism, terrorism, violence and pornography" as well as the coverage of anti-terrorism operations. However, the 2006 Federal Law on Combating Terrorism and the 2006 Law on Counteracting

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There are more than 83,000 active and officially registered media outlets in Russia that broadcast information in 102 languages. Of the total number of media outlets, the breakdown is as follows: magazines – 37%, newspapers – 28%, online media – 11%, TV – 10%, radio – 7% and news agencies – 2%. Print

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In 2008 the Ministry of Telecommunications and Mass Communications was established and tasked with regulating mass media, communications and IT activities in coordination with four subordinated federal agencies (Federal Agency on Press and Mass Communications; Federal Agency on IT; Federal Agency of

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Television is the most popular media in Russia, with 74% of the population watching national television channels routinely and 59% routinely watching regional channels. There are 330 television channels in total. Three channels have a nationwide outreach (over 90% coverage of the Russian territory):

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in 2005, Russia had the largest number of newspaper journalists in the world (102,300), followed by China (82,849) and the United States (54,134),. As of 2008 Russia had over 400 daily newspapers, covering many fields, and offering a range of perspectives. The total number of newspapers in Russia is

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On 18 February 2014, a shareholders' meeting replaced the station's long-serving director, Yury Fedutinov, with former the Voice of Russia's Yekaterina Pavlova, a Kremlin-loyalist in "the latest in a series of personnel reshuffles at top state-owned media organizations that appear to point toward a

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criticized the lack of a precise definition for “terrorism” or “terrorist activity”, or of any requirement for the counter-terrorist regime to explain itself, or of any legal provision for the authorities' obligation to protect human rights in a counter-terrorist operation. The broad definition of

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In 2009, Internet penetration had reached 35% – mainly 18–24 year-olds in urban areas. While 15% of Russians used Internet daily, 54% had never used it. 49% of Internet users were in Moscow – where, as in St. Petersburg, connections are faster and cheaper. Penetration rate mounted to 71% in 2014,

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Russian laws on the media include the 1991 Law on Mass Media, the 2003 Law on Communications, and the 2006 Law on Information, Information Technologies and Protection of Information. They have been amended several times. Other federal laws regulate specific issues, such as media coverage of state

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in 2009, "the current situation of the media in the Russian regions provides grounds for hope as well as for concern". The regional print media has been able to maintain a solid position as an information resource. However, most publishers shy away from politically charged topics in order not to

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The allocation of advertising by governmental agencies is an important means of influence over content, as is access to subsidized state-owned printing, distribution and transmission facilities. Private businesses refrain from advertising on independent outlets. Starting from 2015, satellite and

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The late 1980s and 1990s were a period of crisis in Russian cinema and animation. Although Russian filmmakers became free to express themselves, state subsidies were drastically reduced, resulting in fewer films produced. The early years of the 21st century have brought increased viewership and

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as a media outlet, subjecting personal blogs and other websites to the same restrictions foreseen for major publications – including a ban on anonymous authorship and obscenities, as well as legal responsibility for users' comments. Under a follow-up law passed in July 2014, social networks are

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The Federal Law On Guarantees of Equality of Parliamentary Parties in Covering their Activities by the National State-Owned TV and Radio Channels adopted in May 2009 guarantees that each Parliamentary Party must enjoy equal share of coverage at state-owned national TV and radio channels. The

740:, had acquired several of the most influential newspapers; however, the national press market still offers its consumers a more diverse range of views than those same consumers can sample on the country's leading television channels. Major Russian newspapers with foreign owners include the 732:

After television, newspapers are the second most popular media in Russia. Local newspapers are more popular than national ones, with 27% of Russians consulting local newspapers routinely and 40% reading them occasionally. For national newspapers, the corresponding figures are 18% and 38%,

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for those who publish "knowingly false information" about the Russian military and its operations, leading to some media outlets to stop reporting on Ukraine. At least 1,000 Russian journalists have fled Russia since February 2022. Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia director at

1786:, the most popular channel was Channel One (22.9%), followed by Russia-1 (22.6%). The survey responders' local TV company was third with a rating of 12.3%. The three national TV channels provide both news and entertainment, while the most popular entertainment-only channels are 2897:" ("Russia's invasion of Ukraine (2022)"), claiming that the article contains "illegally distributed information", including "reports about numerous casualties among service personnel of the Russian Federation and also the civilian population of Ukraine, including children". 503:

independent nature of editorial policies towards viewing Parliamentary parties, as well as citizens right to be comprehensively and informed of parties activities without bias are stipulated by the Law. Control over the proper fulfillment of this Law is performed by the

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The telecommunications system in Russia has undergone significant changes since the 1980s, resulting in thousands of companies licensed to offer communication services today. The foundation for liberalization of broadcasting was laid by the decree signed by the

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The Soviet-time Ministry of Communications of the RSFSR was through 1990s transformed to Ministry for Communications and informatization and in 2004 it was renamed to Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications (Mininformsvyazi), and since 2008

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subsequent prosperity to the industry on the back of the economic revival. Production levels are already higher than in Britain and Germany. Russia's total box-office revenue in 2007 was $ 565 million, up 37% from the previous year. In 2002 the

2932:. DW Moscow studio staff had their press credentials confiscated and the government said it would investigate if the operation would be considered a foreign agent. DW subsequently announced plans to transfer Moscow journalistic operations to the 1880:. They are accused of providing disproportionate and uncritical coverage of United Russia and their candidates. The channels do, however, provide large amounts of free airtime to all opposition election candidates, as required by law. During the 2982:, was detained by police over its reporting on the war in Ukraine and subsequently imprisoned for five and a half years. Afanasyev was twice awarded with the Andrei Sakharov Prize "For Journalism as a Deed." In February 2023, Russian journalist 2894: 3122:

In September 2024,Meta, the parent company of Facebook, is banning Russian state media networks like RT and Rossiya Segodnya for using deceptive tactics to influence users, increasing its efforts against foreign interference on its platforms.

3119:, Vladimir Putin claimed that freedom of speech and freedom of the press were flourishing in Russia, saying "We are well aware of the need for pluralism and openness". Putin said the media is free in Russia, but journalists must obey the law. 359:

media, which accounts for two thirds of all media, is predominant. Media outlets need to obtain licenses to broadcast. Of the total number of media outlets, 63% can distribute information across Russia, 35% can broadcast abroad and 15% in the

1810:; rating 2.5%). Russia K and Russia 2 have the third and fourth largest coverage of all Russian TV channels, with Russia K reaching 78.9% of the urban and 36.2% of the rural population and Russia 2 reaching 51.5% and 15.6%, respectively. 2550:. To avoid long court battles to compel NGOs to register, the law was amended in 2014 to allow the ministry to register organisations without they consent. Two media support organisations were added to the registry in November 2014. 2956:, said that "These new laws are part of Russia’s ruthless effort to suppress all dissent and make sure the population does not have access to any information that contradicts the Kremlin’s narrative about the invasion of Ukraine." 3545: 643:

endanger their business. The situation is similar in radio where journalist has set up an Internet forum in which radio journalists can publish reports that their often strictly formatted radio stations refuse to broadcast.

2484:. In September 2011 Russia overtook Germany on the European market with the highest number of unique visitors online. In March 2013 a survey found that Russian had become the second most commonly used language on the web. 618:

have appeared. Mass media in Russia continued to develop in 2000s, as the number of periodicals, broadcasting companies and electronic media has more than doubled from 1997 to 2006. In 2005 a state-run English language

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is another state-owned news agency, founded in 1941 as the Soviet Information Bureau and in 1991 turned into the Russian Information Agency (RIA) Novosti with correspondents in 40 countries, and broadcasting in 14

2192:('film-eye') theory – that the camera, like the human eye, is best used to explore real life—had a huge impact on the development of documentary film making and cinema realism. The subsequent state policy of 517:

In 2014 two new laws extended the state control over the internet. According to the Federal Law 398 (February 2014), the prosecutor general may bypass the courts and make use of the federal regulator agency

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is a private news agency, part of the Interfax Information Services Group, founded in 1989, with over 30 agencies throughout Eastern Europe and Asia. It was the first non-state information channel in the

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report Russia got a score of 83 (100 being the worst), mostly because of new laws introduced in 2014 that further extended state control over mass-media. The situation was characterized as even worse in

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The Guild of the Press Publishers unites 370 companies to foster the development of the publishing business in Russia. The National Association of TV and Radio Broadcasters gathers broadcast publishers.

4658: 2754:. This group can access exclusive interviews of Kremlin officials but the Kremlin expects certain "services" in return. Keeping this group in line, has been up to several central figures such as 413:, a member of Vladimir Putin's administration, and Russian journalists, some of whom published Kremlin-originated articles under their own names. According to the disinformation analysis centre 7016: 474:

protects freedom of speech and of the press. Yet restrictive legislation and a politicized judiciary system have made it particularly difficult for independent journalists to work in Russia.

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to directly block websites in order to prevent mass riots, "extremist" activities and illegal assemblies. In the first year of the law, Roskomnadzor blocked over 85 websites, including

4636: 2559: 6975: 5776: 2968: 766:) have Russian versions. An October 2014 law limited to 20% the maximum quota of foreign ownership in the Russian media by 2017. This will affect independent publications such as 2770:. To replace the Kremlin handlers, special yellow telephones, which are "media hotlines" to the Kremlin, have been installed on the "Our guys" editors desks since the mid-2000s. 729:

8,978, and they have a total annual circulation of 8.2 billion copies. There are also 6,698 magazines and periodicals with a total annual circulation of 1.6 billion copies.

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As of December 2022, more than 4,000 people were prosecuted under "fake news" laws in connection with the war in Ukraine. On 22 March 2022, Russian television journalist

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studio was the largest animation producer. Soviet animators developed a great variety of pioneering techniques and aesthetic styles, with prominent directors including

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account: "Gazprommedia (owner of 66% of the broadcaster's shares) urged the early dismissal of the radio's board of directors and a change in independent directors".

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states that Russia was the country with the 10th largest number of journalists killed since 1992, 26 of them since the beginning of 2000, including four from

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commented to Vasily Gatov that Russian media since the early 2000s is divided into three groups: outsiders, our guys (pro-Kremlin media), and in-betweeners.

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is the largest media workers' organisation in Russia, gathering 84 regional unions and over 40 associations, guilds and communities. It is a member of the

802:(1 million). However, only about half of all Russian newspapers are registered with the agency. Some leading newspapers in Russia are tabloids, including 7436: 7421: 5993: 2983: 2626: 7406: 2805:

for his "efforts to safeguard freedom of expression". In March 2022, the newspaper suspended its print activities after receiving a second warning from

5610: 2366: 403: 1824:(RT) was launched in 2005. It produces in multiple languages and broadcasts in over 100 countries. A new international multimedia news service called 4963: 4612: 4194: 1317:(51.0%). Most radio stations focused on broadcasting music but they also offered some news and analysis. Especially famous had been the independent 3085:

In March 2024, Russian authorities arrested six journalists working for independent Russian outlets, including Antonina Favorskaya, who worked for

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Two of the three main channels are majority owned by the state. Channel One is 51% publicly owned, while Rossiya is 100% state-owned through the

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outlets to carry out independent policies and the ability of journalists to access sources of information and to work without outside pressure.

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became the first feature film ever to be shot in a single take. The traditions of Soviet animation were developed recently by such directors as

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compiles a similar ranking and placed Russia at number 176 out of 197 countries for press freedom for 2013, at the level of Sudan and Ethiopia.

6609: 4873: 2833: 4626: 3361: 5398: 3913: 2569: 2526: 2331: 491: 4923: 5490: 306: 4736: 5450: 4274: 2721:, and others. These have a more Western media approach to covering events. These media sources are outside the official Kremlin stance. 531: 4818: 3700: 2542:

Media organisations in Russia have been facing mounting pressures from the authorities. The 2012 "foreign agents law" required those

1123: 842:. Six of the ten most circulated Russian newspapers are based in Moscow, while the other four are based in other cities and regions. 2885:, claiming that they were spreading "deliberately false information about the actions of Russian military personnel". Additionally, 568:

adopted a Code of Professional Ethics in 1994. Yet, it has mainly remained dead letter, being hardly applied by most media workers.

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cable channels with subscription fees would be forbidden from airing advertisement, thus hindering the financial sustainability of

4533: 3652: 6955: 5912: 5817: 5732: 5259: 4565: 3682: 2671:, the Russian government exerts control over civil society through selective implementation of the law, restriction and censure. 2579:

Several smaller media organisations gather thematically media outlets and workers, e.g. the Association of Agrarian Journalists.

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infrastructure has been expanded rapidly in recent years, principally by regional players including Southern Telecom Company,

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Third Multiplex (Broadcast exclusively on the territory of Moscow and Moscow Region, the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol):

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Television, magazines, and newspapers have all been operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on

6512: 5001: 4455: 2431:, Sibirtelecom, SMARTS and others. Mobile phone penetration was of 78% as of 2009 (90% in Moscow), compared to 32% in 2005. 2361:

in 1990. Telecommunication is mainly regulated through the Federal Law On Communications and the Federal Law On Mass Media.

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in regional areas, and are enabling operators to take advantage of consumer demand for faster access and bundled services.

386: 133: 4372: 377:). In 2016, Russia was ranked 148th out of 179 countries, six places below the previous year, mainly due to the return of 6405: 5349: 487: 4258: 3391: 5907: 5526: 2324: 1881: 360: 3208: 2963:

was charged under the "fakes law" after he published information that Russian forces shelled a maternity hospital in

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constraining its coverage of certain controversial issues, resulting in infringements of these rights. According to

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of which the state owns 50.002%. These three channels have often come under criticism for being biased towards the

4905: 4314: 7143: 5882: 5420: 5131: 4584: 2225:'s comedies of that time were immensely popular, with many of the catch phrases still in use today. In 1961–1968 1750: 611: 514:

to be protected. Under new legislation, they will be able to apply for special protection, like court witnesses.

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journalist Sergey Mingazov was arrested on charges of spreading "false information" about the Russian military.

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The broad definition of extremism in Russia legislation and its use to silence government critics has fostered

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somewhat limited creativity; however, many Soviet films in this style were artistically successful, including

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was a hotbed of invention in the period immediately following 1917, resulting in world-renowned films such as

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Oates, Sarah; McCormack, Gillian (2010). "The Media and Political Communication". In White, Stephen (ed.).

4580:"Russian Government Orders Media Outlets To Delete Stories Referring To 'Invasion' Or 'Assault' On Ukraine" 3102:

and other international media in the past, were arrested by Russian authorities on charges of "extremism".

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A number of Russian Internet resources provide Russian translations of the world press on a regular basis:

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Communications and Federal Control Service in the Sphere of Communications; IT and Mass Communications).

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that receive foreign funding and engage in "political activity" to register as "foreign agents" with the

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The "bloggers' law" no. 97 (May 2014) required any website with over 3,000 daily visits to register with

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The Russian constitution provides for freedom of speech and press; however, government application of

1778:, both Channel One and Russia-1 are controlled by the government, while state-controlled energy giant 478:

authorities and political parties, electoral campaigns and restrictions concerning national security.

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Internet access in Russia is available to businesses and to home users in various forms, including

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was sentenced to 22 years in prison in relation to the "treason" charges. Russian daily newspaper

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OTR — all-Russian federal television channel. Belongs to the Government of the Russian Federation.

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According to figures from the National Circulation Service agency, the most popular newspaper is

98: 2400:, ER Telecom and Golden Telecom. Collectively, these players are having a significant impact of 7235: 6537: 6395: 6365: 6320: 6271: 6266: 6199: 6083: 6043: 6003: 5837: 5747: 5742: 5563: 5475: 5342: 5245: 3159: 2660: 2420: 1949:

Channel Five — federal channel broadcasting from St. Petersburg. Owned by National Media Group.

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In December 2014, a Russian investigative site published e-mails, leaked by the hackers' group

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required to store their data in Russia in order for them to be accessible by the authorities.

7388: 7073: 6925: 6890: 6564: 6305: 6278: 6239: 6179: 5978: 5947: 5857: 5605: 5541: 4682:"Russia Threatens to Block Knowledge for Stating Facts About Its War Casualties, Editors Say" 3153: 2385: 2358: 2204: 2177: 1825: 952: 830:, which is known for its investigative journalism. The main English-language newspapers were 231: 113: 4507: 3287:"Censorship in Russia Explained Formally, there's almost no censorship of the Russian media" 7335: 6815: 6810: 6705: 6594: 6497: 6249: 6184: 5942: 5877: 5872: 5862: 5832: 5827: 5787: 5294: 5145: 3286: 3148: 3096:

In April 2024, Russian journalists Konstantin Gabov and Sergey Karelin, who had worked for

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channel has been the first to being in-house film production (particularly of TV serials).

2153: 1925: 1814: 1783: 1763: 1733: 1439:— music radio station. Mostly domestic hits and less often foreign hits of the 1980s-2000s. 1086: 928: 679: 511: 395:. It also placed Russia at ninth world-wide for journalists killed with complete impunity. 369:

compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based upon their assessment of their

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guarantees freedom of speech, the press has been plagued by both government censorship and

204: 4124: 3697: 1586:— music and information radio station. Mix of popular oriental, Russian and foreign songs. 8: 7305: 7265: 7245: 7225: 7128: 6995: 6935: 6910: 6825: 6805: 6725: 6715: 6668: 6589: 6345: 6295: 6214: 6118: 5952: 5897: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5797: 5757: 5722: 5664: 5578: 5509: 5371: 4874:"Siberian news outlets, management charged with disseminating 'fakes' about Russian army" 3550:"10 Years on From the Murder of Russian Journalist Anna Politkovskaya, What Has Changed?" 3075: 2816: 2210: 2071: 1931: 1373:— music of various genres and directions, as well as shows on cultural and social topics. 1173: 976: 820: 495:

extremism in Russian legislation and its use to silence government critics have fostered

319: 118: 716:, and Rosbalt. Overall there are more than 400 news agencies in the Russian Federation. 510:

A new law to be implemented at the beginning of 2009 will allow reporters investigating

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Report Of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation For the Year 2006

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Kremlin spent 1.9 billion USD on propaganda last year, the budget exceeded by a quarter

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Regional television is relatively popular in Russia, and according to a 2005 report by

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An article of the Mass Media Law also specifies the rights and duties of journalists.

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The October 2009 Concluding Observations of the United Nations Human Rights Committee

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may not always have access to Kremlin authorities, but occasionally can have a story.

2674: 2477: 2377: 2265: 2226: 2193: 2169: 2149: 1817:, regional audiences rely mainly on news and analysis provided by regional channels. 1294: 1040: 944: 781: 108: 68: 5046:"Russia is rounding up more journalists a year after the arrest of Evan Gershkovich" 4311:"Europe no longer so exemplary, Russian tragedy deepens - Reporters Without Borders" 4104:"Telegram's Billionaire Founder Says He's Never Provided Ukrainians' Data To Russia" 7345: 7295: 7255: 7208: 7203: 7193: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7153: 7138: 7133: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 6940: 6855: 6835: 6720: 6710: 6584: 6522: 6477: 6420: 6325: 6244: 6209: 6018: 5669: 5568: 5376: 4968: 4631: 4485: 4335: 3604: 2909: 2905: 2763: 2717: 2503: 2277: 2145: 1990: 1787: 1742: 1713: 1132: 705: 675: 588: 216: 159: 4220: 3928: 3734: 3585: 1328:

The most popular radio stations are distributed by key nationwide radio holdings:

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Protest outside the Russian Embassy in Berlin demanding the release of Russia's

490:, became a matter of concern for both domestic and international observers. The 7325: 7250: 7220: 7026: 6945: 6905: 6880: 6860: 6795: 6770: 6760: 6745: 6542: 6415: 5676: 5642: 5366: 5319: 3098: 3090: 2944: 2917: 2860: 2798: 2473: 2393: 2281: 2269: 2245: 2218: 2217:

The 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema.

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Carousel — federal channel for children and teenagers. Belongs to VGTRK holding

1888: 1849: 1835: 1511: 1322: 1227: 1189: 1102: 1008: 753: 624: 541: 399: 378: 247: 4856:"Russia: Authorities launch witch-hunt to catch anyone sharing anti-war views" 4429:"Hollywood's Child 44 pulled in Russia after falling foul of culture ministry" 7451: 7044: 6865: 6830: 6785: 6780: 6649: 6554: 6063: 5802: 5393: 5106: 4892: 3668: 3532: 2855: 2824: 2790: 2759: 2755: 2701: 2381: 2273: 2230: 2222: 2159: 1873: 1865: 1679: 1519: 1298: 1110: 984: 826: 772: 417:, Russia's mass media expenditure in 2022 was estimated to be $ 1.9 billion. 391: 382: 370: 280: 4651:"Moscow threatens to block Russian-language Knowledge over invasion article" 579: 507:

of Russia with participants of Parliamentary parties, since September 2009.

6430: 5415: 5405: 5213:

Euromedia Research Group; Kelly, Mary; et al., eds. (2004). "Russia".

4741: 3945:"Amendments to the Media Law May Complicate Foreign Broadcasting in Russia" 2841: 2807: 2397: 2185: 2173: 2111: 1943: 1903: 1891:

owns shares in several of Russia's most influential TV channels, including

1821: 1771: 1716:, officially "to save money", under a 9 December 2013 presidential decree. 1696: 1543:— radio for a premium audience. World classics of jazz, rock and pop music. 1363: 1338: 1314: 1306: 1016: 872: 832: 697: 615: 552: 519: 344: 3063:

was accused in Russian courts with disclosing state secrets; according to

2993:

was sentenced to six years in prison for publishing information about the

1394:— commercial radio station. Domestic and foreign music of the 1970s-2000s. 7054: 5625: 5432: 5309: 4246:"comScore Releases Overview of European Internet Usage in September 2011" 4029: 3086: 3067:, the case was based on an article co-authored by Safronov about Russian 2774: 2511: 2447: 2308: 2298: 2293: 1705: 1615: 1384: 1347: 1310: 1062: 882:. This may require further changes like splitting the section's contents. 794: 685: 656: 544:. In July 2014, the online extremism law was used to prevent a march for 527: 340: 149: 1252: 1058:- bimonthly magazine on urban developments in the field of entertainment 435: 5654: 5314: 5304: 3495: 3055: 2785: 2689: 2656: 2641: 2259: 1032: 960: 814: 748: 414: 1899:'s holding company USM said it had sold its stake in Russia's leading 1305:

As of 2008 there were three main nationwide radio stations in Russia:

5299: 4392:"Freedom curtailed in the Russian Federation - Amnesty International" 3000: 2868: 2731: 2683: 2507: 2491:, although that term mostly refers to the Russian-language Internet. 2408: 2003: 1994: 1970: 1961: 1473:— radio station aimed at a young audience. Russian and foreign music. 1455: 1435: 1219: 1197: 1149: 1000: 992: 798: 742: 603: 4906:"Siberian Journalist Detained Over Report Related To War In Ukraine" 4718:"Facebook, Multiple Media Sites Partially Down in Russia – AFP, NGO" 4556:"Russia Tells Media to Delete Stories Mentioning Ukraine 'Invasion'" 4261:, Matthias Gelbmann, Web Technology Surveys, W3Techs, 19 March 2013. 4221:"Russian Entertainment & Media Industry worth $ 27.9 bn by 2011" 5086: 4996: 4605:"Russia's Only Independent TV Station Won't Censor the Ukraine War" 4560: 3982: 3112: 2964: 2925: 2778: 2750: 2707: 1999: 1952: 1937: 1803: 1795: 1767: 1355: 1211: 1165: 1157: 1024: 912: 692: 660: 93: 7065: 5237: 4964:"Russia Jails Journalist Safronov for 22 Years on Treason Charges" 4957: 4955: 4819:"Russia Criminalizes Independent War Reporting, Anti-War Protests" 4413: 3823: 3470: 1400:— music of Russian and foreign hits of the 80s, 90s, chanson, pop. 5777:

Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine

5659: 4985: 4983: 4801:"1K Journalists Have Fled Russia Since Ukraine Invasion – Report" 4373:

Amnesty International: Amnesty International Report 2009 - Russia

3311: 2929: 2878: 2712: 2416: 2389: 1869: 1845: 1779: 1721: 1332:

1. VGTRK (The Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Company):

1318: 1235: 1070: 737: 671: 632: 545: 6660: 4838:"In Russia, critiquing the Ukraine war could land you in prison" 4783:"Putin Signs Law Introducing Jail Terms for 'Fake News' on Army" 3787:"10.5. Publication of books, booklets, magazines and newspapers" 3178:

The government's grip on television and media tightened in 2019

2845:

ordered media organizations to delete stories that describe the

1628:— Moscow-based radio station tracing the classics of world rock. 5268: 4952: 3104: 2933: 2921: 2913: 2864: 2829: 2695: 2518: 2465: 2342: 2255: 1981: 1828:

was launched in 2014, merging and replacing previous services.

1595:— golden classic of the Russian and foreign stage. Modern hits. 1203: 1140: 1118: 1054: 878:

You can help Knowledge by thinking of a more appropriate title

818:. Many newspapers are opposition-leaning, such as the critical 736:

As of 2008, companies close to the Russian government, such as

725: 5122:

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gllnx0p40o%7Cnewspaper=BBC

5064:"Russia: Navalny-linked journalists arrested over 'extremism'" 4980: 3544: 2302:, are iconic images in Russia and many surrounding countries. 988:– pro-opposition daily, known for its investigative journalism 5212: 3930:

Russian Liberal Radio Station Faces Reshuffles Ahead of Polls

3420:"56 Journalists Killed in Russia since 1992/Motive Confirmed" 2740: 2488: 2443: 2439: 2424: 1984:—Moscow-based commercial station with strong regional network 1940:— all-Russian federal sports channel. Owned by Gazprom Media. 1907: 1900: 1094: 804: 5082:"Russia arrests Forbes journalist over Bucha massacre posts" 2640:

Freedom of the press in Russia involves both the ability of

559: 5023: 4941: 4700:"Russia blocks access to BBC and Voice of America websites" 4627:"Russia Blocks 2 Independent Media Sites Over War Coverage" 2937: 2904:

blocked access to several foreign media outlets, including

2543: 2114:— state-funded, international English-language news channel 1692:– News/Music from South Asia and Central and Eastern Europe 667: 652: 4992:"Russian space official Safronov charged in treason probe" 4924:"Russia Jails Anti-War Journalist 6 Years for 'Fake News'" 3900:

RIA Novosti to Be Liquidated in State-Owned Media Overhaul

3074:

As of 2023, Russia ranked 164 out of 180 countries in the

1973:— owned by Moscow city government – news and entertainment 1918:

The main TV channels are distributed through multiplexes:

1862:

All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company

1802:; rating 1.8%), while the most popular culture channel is 1074:- socio-political and literary illustrated weekly magazine 785:

which has a circulation of 2.9 million. It is followed by

540:, and Kasparov.ru, the website of the opposition activist 4336:

Reporters Without Borders: Indeks svabody pressy 2009 god

4259:"Russian is now the second most used language on the web" 2652: 1864:(VGTRK). NTV is a commercial channel, but it is owned by 1775: 1454:— branch of the radio station of the common French brand 4481:"How the Kremlin and the Media Ended Up in Bed Together" 3915:

Veteran Director of Liberal Russian Radio Station Ousted

3693: 3691: 3490:

Michałowska-Kubś, Aleksandra; Kubś, Jakub (4 May 2023).

3472:Письма Администрации президента: как заказали Навального 3209:"Russia's internet law a 'new level' of censorship: RSF" 2849:

as an "assault", "invasion", or a "declaration of war".

2815:

In 2013 Russia ranked 148th out of 179 countries in the

1934:— national, state-owned channel – news and entertainment 1928:— national, state-owned channel – news and entertainment 651:

As of 2018, the three main news agencies in Russia were

329: 5187:

The Return: Russia's Journey from Gorbachev to Medvedev

4300:; US BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR; 2013 2288:. Many Soviet cartoon heroes such as the Russian-style 762: 530:'s website (which removed it) as well as the news site 3059:

called the charges of treason "absurd". In June 2019,

2762:, who began the task. Later they were joined by first 2180:

of film editing at the world's first film school, the

4086:"Putin cronies and criminals gear up to steal Russia" 3688: 3475:[Letter of the Presidential Administration]. 2738:(Russia TV), and the Aram Gabrelyanov media family – 2506:(used by 75% of 25-35 year-old Russians in 2009) and 2372:

Russia is served by an extensive system of automatic

2172:. Eisenstein was a student of filmmaker and theorist 1745:, chief of Russia's main state-controlled TV station 1577:— modern pop Russian hits and entertainment programs. 1515:— national network with music exclusively in Russian. 4293: 4291: 3489: 2407:

The main mobile network operators in Russia include

1662:— "cover radio". New sound of recognized world hits. 347:, and other sales-related revenues. Even though the 3838: 3836: 3619:

The Federal Law on Counteracting Extremist Activity

1946:— national 50% state-owned – news and entertainment 1215:- online newspaper specializing in legal journalism 5184: 1201:- pro-government online tabloid (not connected to 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4288: 4252: 3960: 3958: 3261:"Disrespect Putin and You'll Pay a $ 23,000 Fine" 3236:"Russia is Censoring More Than Just the Internet" 1653:— business radio station with news and analytics. 1301:in Moscow served early radio and TV broadcasting. 7449: 4170:. Film Society of Lincoln Center. Archived from 3833: 2254:was released, a very popular film in a genre of 2074:— national, owned by Russian Ministry of Defense 1838:and his chief propagandist on Russian state TV, 1458:in Russia. Format: CHR (Contemporary Hit Radio). 714:Russian Agency of Legal and Judicial Information 4362:Human Rights Watch: World Report, Russia p. 393 4068:"Meet The Oligarch Who Whispers In Putin's Ear" 3798: 3796: 3779: 2598: 1712:broadcaster was merged into a new media agency 1082:- monthly popular science and literary magazine 5160: 4737:"Russia blocks access to Facebook and Twitter" 4534:"Harsh Laws and Violence Drive Global Decline" 4465: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3955: 682:). It has the biggest photo archive in Russia. 7081: 6676: 5253: 4679: 3862:"19.7 Coverage by radio broadcasting in 2008" 1537:— federal non-commercial dance radio station. 1415:— youth station dedicated to hip-hop culture. 1325:, once known for its political independence. 1090:- weekly literary and sociopolitical magazine 808:. The most important business newspapers are 623:started broadcasting, and its Arabic version 300: 4269: 4267: 4192: 3985:, 6 March 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2013. 3793: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3707:, Reporters Without Borders, September 2009. 3463: 3111:In September 2024, in an interview with the 2648:woes lies in sectoral economic dysfunction. 2487:Internet in Russia is also sometimes called 492:Human Rights Committee of the United Nations 3988: 3449:Committee for the Protection of Journalists 1913: 1910:, which is partly owned by Yury Kovalchuk. 1794:(6.7%). The most popular sports channel is 7088: 7074: 6683: 6669: 5260: 5246: 4420: 4357: 4355: 4195:"Kinoeye: Russia's reviving film industry" 3633: 3631: 3629: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3412: 3234:Riddle, Denis Grekov for (21 March 2019). 1727: 1482:— federal talk radio station. Format: CHR. 1004:– daily financial and analytical newspaper 996:– daily financial and analytical newspaper 307: 293: 4989: 4962:Tenisheva, Anastasia (5 September 2022). 4961: 4264: 3883: 3854: 3789:. Federal State Statistics Service. 2010. 3756: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3437: 2978:, editor-in-chief of the online magazine 2582: 2495:although concentrated in the main towns. 2367:Ministry of Communications and Mass Media 1684:information and analytical radio station. 1130: 1124:Communist Party of the Russian Federation 898:Learn how and when to remove this message 760:. A number of American editions (such as 560:Status and self-regulation of journalists 499:among journalists to prevent harassment. 5179: 4417:, William Dunkerley, Omnicom Press, 2011 4384: 3937: 3049:On 5 September 2022, Russian journalist 2999: 2784: 2612: 2438: 2423:(34.2 percent). Other operators include 2341: 1830: 1737: 1293: 1153:- politics and business online newspaper 873:does not comply with standard formatting 635:and of other foreign content providers. 602:Russia was among the first countries to 578: 465: 328: 318: 5913:Collective Security Treaty Organization 4755: 4352: 4275:"International Press Institute: Russia" 4119: 4117: 3932:, RIA Novosti, Moscow, 14 February 2014 3917:, RIA Novosti, Moscow, 14 February 2014 3626: 3567: 3354: 2564:International Federation of Journalists 2258:; the film is traditionally watched by 1820:The English-language satellite channel 1289:List of Russian-language radio stations 1122:- official tri-weekly newspaper of the 1012:– daily (except Sunday) sport newspaper 7450: 5165:. Vol. 7. Duke University Press. 4976:from the original on 5 September 2022. 4426: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3902:, RIA Novosti, Moscow, 9 December 2013 3710: 3676: 3605:The Federal Law on Combating Terrorism 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3233: 2853:launched an investigation against the 2532: 2346:InfoCom-2004 telecom exhibit in Moscow 2235:film adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's epic 1855: 1464:— information and music radio station. 1424:— music radio station. Hits and shows. 1406:— 2000s hits and 1960s-1990s classics. 980:– pro-government privately owned daily 932:– mass circulation, left-leaning daily 402:, which indicated close links between 7069: 6664: 5471:Judicial system of the Russian Empire 5241: 4990:Rainsford, Sarah (5 September 2022). 4734: 4478: 3661: 3642: 3384: 2337: 2182:All-Union Institute of Cinematography 1878:Presidential Administration of Russia 1309:(coverage: 96.9% of the population), 1282: 964:– daily, news and business-orientated 724:According to statistics published by 6610:Unified Sports Classification System 4835: 4114: 3306: 3304: 2609:Censorship in the Russian Federation 1388:— non-government commercial station. 1247: 855: 430: 387:The Committee to Protect Journalists 17: 7095: 5267: 5124:News|access-date=17 September 2024} 5008: 4011: 3968:. Federal Statistics Service. 2008. 3864:. Federal Statistics Service. 2008. 3509: 2947:signed into law a bill introducing 2244:made in the Soviet Union. In 1969, 1287:For a more comprehensive list, see 1231:- online general interest newspaper 1193:- online general interest newspaper 1161:- online general interest newspaper 488:Federal List of Extremist Materials 486:Extremist Activity, along with the 13: 5908:Commonwealth of Independent States 5004:from the original on 12 July 2022. 4758:"Deutsche Welle relocates to Riga" 4639:from the original on 1 March 2022. 4615:from the original on 1 March 2022. 4589:. 26 February 2022. Archived from 4564:. 26 February 2022. Archived from 4453:Index of Reporters without Borders 4039:, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010 3966:"19.8 Coverage by TV broadcasting" 3744:, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010 3595:, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010 2949:prison sentences of up to 15 years 2895:Вторжение России на Украину (2022) 2889:threatened to block access to the 2663:have forced the press to exercise 2325:Moscow International Film Festival 1882:2008 Russian presidential election 1500:— radio station aimed at children. 1066:- monthly popular science magazine 1020:– monthly popular science magazine 845: 75: 14: 7484: 6690: 4661:from the original on 1 March 2022 3362:"Press Freedom Index 2011 – 2012" 3301: 2839:The Russian censorship apparatus 2537: 1568:— Russian and foreign rock music. 1523:— Russian-American radio station. 1448:— comedy programs and pop music. 1145:online general interest newspaper 7049: 7040: 7039: 5163:Developments in Russian Politics 4942:"2023 World Press Freedom Index" 4879:Committee to Protect Journalists 3947:. Russia Profile. Archived from 3424:Committee to Protect Journalists 3038: Very serious <40 points 3020: Satisfactory: 70–85 points 2847:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2415:) (25.6 percent of the market), 2376:connected by modern networks of 1955:— state-owned – culture and arts 1667:Other well-known radio stations: 1251: 1050:- weekly sociopolitical magazine 871:may not reflect its contents or 860: 646: 574: 566:Congress of Russia's Journalists 434: 274: 22: 7468:Mass media in Europe by country 5206: 5114: 5094: 5074: 5056: 5038: 4934: 4916: 4910:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4898: 4886: 4866: 4848: 4829: 4811: 4793: 4775: 4756:Dziadul, Chris (9 March 2022). 4749: 4728: 4710: 4692: 4673: 4643: 4619: 4597: 4585:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4572: 4548: 4526: 4500: 4479:Gatov, Vasily (11 March 2015). 4446: 4427:Walker, Shaun (15 April 2015). 4406: 4366: 4329: 4303: 4238: 4213: 4186: 4160: 4139: 4127:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007 4096: 4078: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4002: 3972: 3922: 3907: 3892: 3877: 3868: 3845: 3817: 3805: 3747: 3612: 3598: 3586:Russia #National Media Policies 3538: 3483: 3479:(in Russian). 29 December 2014. 3185: 3026: Problematic: 55–70 points 2553: 1906:to state-run insurance company 1749:, Vladimir Putin, TV presenter 7007:British Indian Ocean Territory 4836:Weir, Fred (5 December 2022). 4680:Samantha Cole (2 March 2022). 3546:Azhgikhina, Nadezhda Ilinichna 3329: 3279: 3253: 3227: 3201: 3172: 3069:sales of fighter jets to Egypt 2969:Mikhail Afanasyev (journalist) 2392:service to foreign countries. 2272:times. During the Soviet era, 1993:— commercial – entertainment: 1887:Vladimir Putin's close friend 1559:— information and music radio. 1359:— informational radio station. 1223:- state-owned online newspaper 719: 638:According to a 2009 report by 1: 7473:Mass media in Asia by country 5818:Political abuse of psychiatry 4248:. comScore. 14 November 2011. 3195: 3089:and filmed the last video of 3032: Difficult: 40–55 points 2560:Russia's Union of Journalists 2498:Russians are strong users of 2135:First channel. World Wide Web 2002:— commercial, entertainment: 1604:— infotainment radio station. 1491:— melodic and relaxing music. 1429:3. GPM Radio (Gazprom Media): 1351:— state-run national network. 1243: 427:History of Russian journalism 6463:Traditions and superstitions 5151:Resources in other libraries 4298:Human Rights Reports: Russia 3289:. Meduza.io. 5 February 2015 2893:in Russia over the article " 2659:, and politically motivated 2599:Censorship and media freedom 2514:has also been long popular. 2352:Telecommunications in Russia 2262:before any trip into space. 1964:— state-owned – news channel 1782:owns NTV. According to 2005 852:List of newspapers in Russia 704:Other news agencies include 7: 6129:Water supply and sanitation 4735:Milmo, Dan (4 March 2022). 4147:A History of Russian Cinema 3735:Russia #Media Organisations 3392:"Freedom of the Press 2013" 3126: 2943:On 4 March 2022, President 2766:, and then his replacement 2434: 1619:— post-Soviet Russian rock. 1531:— Russian and foreign hits. 1239:- business online newspaper 10: 7489: 4149:. Berg Publishers (2009). 3445:"Getting Away With Murder" 3156:to scholarly communication 2995:Mariupol theatre airstrike 2602: 2595:regulates cinematography. 2453: 2349: 2143: 2106:International TV channels: 2066:Other well-known channels: 1731: 1700:– club/dance radio network 1675:information radio station. 1286: 1044:- weekly business magazine 849: 505:Central Election Committee 424: 420: 334:Ostankino Technical Center 7397: 7359: 7101: 7035: 6994: 6954: 6696: 6629: 6386: 6150: 6141: 5974: 5965: 5718: 5709: 5517: 5508: 5443: 5285: 5276: 5146:Resources in your library 4946:Reporters Without Borders 4168:"White Sun of the Desert" 3884:Vartanova, Elena (2017). 3683:Russia as friend, not foe 3366:Reporters Without Borders 3143:Media of the Soviet Union 3080:Reporters Without Borders 3014: Good: 85–100 points 3007:World Press Freedom Index 2821:Reporters Without Borders 2139: 2023:— state-owned, commercial 640:Reporters Without Borders 583:Former Russian President 375:World Press Freedom Index 367:Reporters Without Borders 31:This article needs to be 6756:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5903:Prime Minister of Russia 4414:Medvedev's Media Affairs 4125:"Russia:Motion pictures" 3934:.Accessed 26 April 2014. 3919:.Accessed 26 April 2014. 3904:.Accessed 26 April 2014. 3703:19 November 2011 at the 3667:Text of the Federal Law 3471: 3165: 2834:its annexation by Russia 2621:, including journalists 2323:Moscow hosts the annual 1914:Main television channels 1766:(a.k.a. First Channel), 1378:2. European Media Group: 1036:- bimonthly car magazine 924:– government-owned daily 880:and renaming the section 839:The St. Petersburg Times 7017:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6341:Social entrepreneurship 6230:Forced public apologies 6165:Anti-American sentiment 4458:22 October 2009 at the 4341:4 November 2009 at the 3979:Country profile: Russia 3477:The Insider (theins.ru) 3138:Media freedom in Russia 2661:criminal investigations 2605:Media freedom in Russia 2251:White Sun of the Desert 2242:the most expensive film 2165:The Battleship Potemkin 1728:Television broadcasting 1505:4. Russian Media Group: 1371:Radio Kultura (Culture) 1185:– independent newspaper 7144:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6089:Social security system 6072:Science and technology 5738:Classified information 5564:Central Russian Upland 3886:Media System of Russia 3160:Russian fake news laws 3046: 2883:independent TV station 2812: 2637: 2583:Regulatory authorities 2510:are the most popular. 2451: 2347: 2040:Yuvelirochka (Jeweler) 1842: 1770:(a.k.a. Rossiya), and 1758: 1637:— music of Jazz styles 1609:6. Multimedia Holding: 1302: 1260:This section is empty. 1028:- monthly car magazine 969:Moskovskij Komsomolets 916:– oldest popular daily 627:was launched in 2007. 599: 534:, the online magazine 443:This section is empty. 349:Constitution of Russia 336: 326: 80: 7463:Mass media by country 6550:Russian tsars regalia 5883:Intelligence agencies 5606:Great Russian Regions 5350:Expansion (1500-1800) 4860:Amnesty International 4536:. Freedom House. 2015 4514:. Freedom House. 2015 4378:5 August 2009 at the 4035:20 March 2018 at the 3812:"The press in Russia" 3769:"The press in Russia" 3740:20 March 2018 at the 3685:, By Nicolai N Petro. 3591:20 March 2018 at the 3180:reaching the internet 3154:Open access in Russia 3003: 2801:was awarded the 2021 2788: 2616: 2442: 2386:microwave radio relay 2359:President of the USSR 2345: 2296:, Wolf and Hare from 2205:The Cranes Are Flying 2178:Soviet montage theory 2089:TV 1000 Russkoye Kino 1834: 1741: 1297: 869:This section's title 582: 466:Legislative framework 332: 322: 79: 7458:Mass media in Russia 6931:United Arab Emirates 6617:World Heritage sites 5994:Droughts and famines 5547:Environmental issues 5295:Proto-Indo-Europeans 5137:Mass media in Russia 5107:Novaya Gazeta Europe 4611:. 28 February 2022. 4593:on 27 February 2022. 4568:on 27 February 2022. 4512:Freedom of the Press 4028:Natalya Krasnoboka, 3733:Natalya Krasnoboka, 3655:5 March 2009 at the 3584:Natalya Krasnoboka, 3149:Moscow BMW billboard 3044: Not classified 2967:. On 13 April 2022, 2727:Komsomolskaya Pravda 2711:(until March 2014), 2176:, who developed the 2154:Television in Russia 1895:. In December 2021, 1734:Television in Russia 1321:-controlled station 1207:communist newspaper) 1177:- business newspaper 1087:Literaturnaya Gazeta 940:– left-leaning daily 929:Komsomolskaya Pravda 812:and the influential 512:corruption in Russia 472:Russian Constitution 263:World Heritage Sites 7360:States with limited 6958:limited recognition 6468:Forms of addressing 6077:Academy of Sciences 6034:Financial districts 5898:President of Russia 5823:Political divisions 5783:Freedom of assembly 5665:West Siberian Plain 5411:Great Patriotic War 5372:February Revolution 5110:. 2 September 2024. 4930:. 15 February 2023. 4317:on 14 February 2015 4174:on 5 September 2008 4092:. 14 February 2023. 3814:, BBC, 16 May 2008. 3548:(7 November 2016). 3076:Press Freedom Index 2817:Press Freedom Index 2619:political prisoners 2593:Ministry of Culture 2548:Ministry of Justice 2533:Media organisations 2374:telephone exchanges 2268:dates back to late 2211:Ballad of a Soldier 1856:Ownership structure 1790:(10.3% rating) and 1774:. As stated by the 1343:— national network. 1174:Moskovskiye Novosti 977:Nezavisimaya Gazeta 821:Nezavisimaya Gazeta 537:Yezhednevny Zhurnal 6518:Russian given name 6104:Telecommunications 6054:Petroleum industry 5918:State of emergency 5763:Far-right politics 5728:Capital punishment 5574:Meshchera Lowlands 5428:Russian Federation 5384:October Revolution 4823:Human Rights Watch 4807:. 3 February 2023. 4394:. 26 February 2008 4193:Dzieciolowski, Z. 3372:on 31 January 2012 3133:Internet in Russia 3093:before his death. 3047: 2961:Alexander Nevzorov 2954:Human Rights Watch 2813: 2768:Vyacheslav Volodin 2669:Human Rights Watch 2638: 2456:Internet in Russia 2452: 2348: 2338:Telecommunications 2318:Melnitsa Animation 2286:Aleksandr Tatarsky 2158:Russian and later 1977:Second Multiplex: 1868:, a subsidiary of 1843: 1784:television ratings 1759: 1751:Ekaterina Andreeva 1303: 1283:Radio broadcasting 1079:Tekhnika Molodezhi 921:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 793:(1.2 million) and 710:REGNUM News Agency 600: 597:Margarita Simonyan 337: 327: 81: 7445: 7444: 7063: 7062: 7000:other territories 6658: 6657: 6625: 6624: 6205:Domestic violence 6137: 6136: 6059:Russian oligarchs 5984:Aircraft industry 5961: 5960: 5938:Mass surveillance 5928:Search and rescue 5893:Political parties 5773:Foreign relations 5705: 5704: 5504: 5503: 5496:Historical cities 5355:Tsardom of Russia 5230:978-0-7619-4132-3 5221:SAGE Publications 5198:978-1-4165-6071-5 5172:978-0-230-22449-0 5132:Library resources 4762:Broadband TV News 4201:on 1 October 2018 4155:978-1-84520-215-6 3215:. 1 November 2019 3182:and social media. 2984:Maria Ponomarenko 2900:On 4 March 2022, 2891:Russian Knowledge 2803:Nobel Peace Prize 2773:"In-betweeners." 2675:Svetlana Mironyuk 2627:Maria Ponomarenko 2446:logo at the 2009 2419:(23 percent) and 2378:fiber-optic cable 2316:and studios like 2266:Russian animation 2227:Sergey Bondarchuk 2194:socialist realism 2170:Sergei Eisenstein 2150:Russian animation 1921:First Multiplex: 1840:Vladimir Solovyov 1708:news agency, the 1689:DND Russian Radio 1541:Radio Monte-Carlo 1280: 1279: 1133:online newspapers 945:Argumenty i Fakty 908: 907: 900: 782:Argumenty i Fakty 463: 462: 317: 316: 281:Russia portal 69:Culture of Russia 52: 51: 7480: 7398:Dependencies and 7102:Sovereign states 7090: 7083: 7076: 7067: 7066: 7053: 7043: 7042: 7012:Christmas Island 6698:Sovereign states 6685: 6678: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6638: 6585:Russian language 6528:National symbols 6148: 6147: 6067: 6024:Fishing industry 6014:Economic regions 6009:Defence industry 5972: 5971: 5716: 5715: 5670:Russian Far East 5569:Northwest Russia 5527:Cities and towns 5515: 5514: 5377:Russian Republic 5283: 5282: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5219:(3rd ed.). 5202: 5190: 5181:Treisman, Daniel 5176: 5125: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5090:. 26 April 2024. 5078: 5072: 5071: 5070:. 28 April 2024. 5060: 5054: 5053: 5052:. 29 March 2024. 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5022:. Archived from 5012: 5006: 5005: 4987: 4978: 4977: 4969:The Moscow Times 4959: 4950: 4949: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4928:The Moscow Times 4920: 4914: 4913: 4912:. 14 April 2022. 4902: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4882:. 14 April 2022. 4870: 4864: 4863: 4862:. 30 March 2022. 4852: 4846: 4845: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4805:The Moscow Times 4797: 4791: 4790: 4787:The Moscow Times 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4722:The Moscow Times 4714: 4708: 4707: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4657:. 1 March 2022. 4647: 4641: 4640: 4635:. 1 March 2022. 4632:The Moscow Times 4623: 4617: 4616: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4486:The Moscow Times 4476: 4463: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4424: 4418: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4388: 4382: 4370: 4364: 4359: 4350: 4348: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4313:. 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Archived from 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4164: 4158: 4145:Birgit Beumers. 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4121: 4112: 4111: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4074:. 18 March 2022. 4064: 4058: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4026: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3986: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3951:on 19 June 2011. 3941: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3911: 3905: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3842:Oates pp.121–122 3840: 3831: 3829: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3800: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3765: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3731: 3708: 3695: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3665: 3659: 3646: 3640: 3635: 3624: 3623: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3602: 3596: 3582: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3396: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3368:. 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Krutoy Media: 1398:Dorozhnoye Radio 1367:— youth station. 1275: 1272: 1262:You can help by 1255: 1248: 1098:- weekly tabloid 1048:Russian reporter 956:– popular weekly 948:– popular weekly 903: 896: 892: 889: 883: 864: 863: 856: 706:Rossiya segodnya 458: 455: 445:You can help by 438: 431: 412: 404:Timur Prokopenko 309: 302: 295: 279: 278: 277: 78: 56: 55: 47: 44: 38: 26: 25: 18: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7441: 7399: 7393: 7379:Northern Cyprus 7361: 7355: 7276:North Macedonia 7097: 7096:Media of Europe 7094: 7064: 7059: 7031: 6999: 6990: 6971:Northern Cyprus 6957: 6950: 6692: 6689: 6659: 6654: 6641: 6634: 6621: 6580:Public holidays 6575:Political jokes 6560:Personification 6513:Names of Russia 6382: 6301:Life expectancy 6133: 6065: 5957: 5808:Law enforcement 5701: 5687:Protected areas 5584:Smolensk Upland 5579:Oka–Don Lowland 5559:European Russia 5500: 5439: 5325:Mongol invasion 5272: 5266: 5231: 5216:Media in Europe 5209: 5199: 5173: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5119: 5115: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5014: 5013: 5009: 4988: 4981: 4960: 4953: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4891: 4887: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4834: 4830: 4825:. 7 March 2022. 4817: 4816: 4812: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4789:. 4 March 2022. 4781: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4754: 4750: 4733: 4729: 4724:. 4 March 2022. 4716: 4715: 4711: 4706:. 4 March 2022. 4698: 4697: 4693: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4489: 4477: 4466: 4460:Wayback Machine 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4425: 4421: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4380:Wayback Machine 4371: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4343:Wayback Machine 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4289: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4227: 4225:joomag magazine 4219: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4123: 4122: 4115: 4110:. 7 March 2022. 4102: 4101: 4097: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4048:Treisman, p.350 4047: 4043: 4037:Wayback Machine 4027: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3989: 3977: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3956: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3927: 3923: 3912: 3908: 3897: 3893: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3851:Oates p.118-134 3850: 3846: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3767: 3766: 3757: 3753:Treisman, p.358 3752: 3748: 3742:Wayback Machine 3732: 3711: 3705:Wayback Machine 3696: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3657:Wayback Machine 3647: 3643: 3636: 3627: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3593:Wayback Machine 3583: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3488: 3484: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3394: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3375: 3373: 3360: 3359: 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6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6094:Space industry 6091: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5933:Urban planning 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5785: 5780: 5770: 5768:Federal budget 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5677:North Caucasus 5674: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5618: 5613: 5611:Highest points 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5556: 5554:Extreme points 5551: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5440: 5438: 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Free Press. 5177: 5171: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5113: 5093: 5073: 5068:Deutsche Welle 5055: 5037: 5007: 4979: 4951: 4933: 4915: 4897: 4885: 4865: 4847: 4828: 4810: 4792: 4774: 4748: 4727: 4709: 4691: 4672: 4642: 4618: 4596: 4571: 4547: 4525: 4499: 4464: 4445: 4419: 4405: 4383: 4365: 4351: 4328: 4302: 4287: 4263: 4251: 4237: 4212: 4185: 4159: 4138: 4113: 4095: 4077: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4010: 4001: 3987: 3971: 3954: 3936: 3921: 3906: 3891: 3888:. AspectPress. 3876: 3867: 3853: 3844: 3832: 3824:Rupert Murdoch 3816: 3804: 3792: 3778: 3775:. 16 May 2008. 3755: 3746: 3709: 3687: 3675: 3660: 3641: 3625: 3611: 3597: 3566: 3537: 3508: 3482: 3462: 3436: 3411: 3383: 3353: 3328: 3300: 3278: 3252: 3226: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3151: 3146: 3140: 3135: 3128: 3125: 3099:Deutsche Welle 3091:Alexei Navalny 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 2945:Vladimir Putin 2918:Deutsche Welle 2861:Echo of Moscow 2799:Dmitry Muratov 2783: 2782: 2771: 2722: 2600: 2597: 2584: 2581: 2555: 2552: 2539: 2538:Media agencies 2536: 2534: 2531: 2454:Main article: 2436: 2433: 2394:Fiber to the x 2350:Main article: 2339: 2336: 2292:, cute little 2282:Fyodor Khitruk 2270:Russian Empire 2246:Vladimir Motyl 2219:Eldar Ryazanov 2141: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2126:RT Documentary 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 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989: 981: 973: 965: 957: 949: 941: 933: 925: 917: 906: 905: 868: 866: 859: 850:Main article: 847: 844: 754:Rupert Murdoch 733:respectively. 721: 718: 702: 701: 690: 683: 648: 645: 625:Rusiya Al-Yaum 612:radio stations 576: 573: 561: 558: 542:Garry Kasparov 467: 464: 461: 460: 441: 439: 425:Main article: 422: 419: 400:Shaltai Boltai 379:Vladimir Putin 315: 314: 312: 311: 304: 297: 289: 286: 285: 284: 283: 268: 267: 266: 265: 260: 255: 250: 242: 241: 237: 236: 235: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 144: 143: 139: 138: 137: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 88: 87: 83: 82: 72: 71: 65: 64: 50: 49: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7485: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7412:Faroe Islands 7410: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7384:South Ossetia 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7236:Liechtenstein 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7046: 7038: 7037: 7034: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981:South Ossetia 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6691:Media of Asia 6686: 6681: 6679: 6674: 6672: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6600:Seven Wonders 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6565:Playing cards 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6260:Mental health 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6220:Ethnic groups 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5923:Civil defense 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5868:Media freedom 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5753:Criminal code 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5733:Civil Service 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5394:Russian state 5392: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5263: 5258: 5256: 5251: 5249: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5232: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5200: 5194: 5189: 5188: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5164: 5159: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5123: 5117: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5097: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5026:on 7 May 2022 5025: 5021: 5017: 5016:"Index | RSF" 5011: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4984: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4958: 4956: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4895:Партия Яблоко 4894: 4889: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4843: 4842:CSMonitor.com 4839: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4676: 4660: 4656: 4655:National Post 4652: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4551: 4535: 4529: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4449: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4415: 4409: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4358: 4356: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4332: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4299: 4294: 4292: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4260: 4255: 4247: 4241: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4005: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3975: 3967: 3961: 3959: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3931: 3925: 3918: 3916: 3910: 3903: 3901: 3895: 3887: 3880: 3871: 3863: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3837: 3825: 3820: 3813: 3808: 3799: 3797: 3788: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3750: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3684: 3679: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3620: 3615: 3606: 3601: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3534: 3533:Freedom House 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3400: 3399:Freedom House 3393: 3387: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3305: 3288: 3282: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3105:Forbes Russia 3101: 3100: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3051:Ivan Safranov 3009: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2924:, as well as 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2856:Novaya Gazeta 2852: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2837: 2835: 2832:where, after 2831: 2826: 2825:Freedom House 2822: 2818: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2792: 2791:Novaya Gazeta 2787: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760:Mikhail Lesin 2757: 2756:Alexei Gromov 2753: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2702:Novaya Gazeta 2698: 2697: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2685: 2681:"Outsiders." 2680: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2623:Ivan Safronov 2620: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2589: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382:coaxial cable 2379: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2362: 2360: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2303: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:Soyuzmultfilm 2271: 2267: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2237:War and Peace 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223:Leonid Gaidai 2220: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2160:Soviet cinema 2155: 2151: 2147: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2080:Vista explore 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2052:Shop&Show 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1926:First Channel 1924: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874:United Russia 1871: 1867: 1866:Gazprom-Media 1863: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1725: 1723: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1680:Radio Sputnik 1677: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1520:Radio Maximum 1517: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1300: 1299:Shukhov Tower 1296: 1290: 1274: 1271:February 2016 1265: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1182:The New Times 1179: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1114:- sport daily 1113: 1112: 1111:Sport Express 1108: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1006: 1003: 1002: 998: 995: 994: 990: 987: 986: 985:Novaya Gazeta 982: 979: 978: 974: 971: 970: 966: 963: 962: 958: 955: 954: 950: 947: 946: 942: 939: 938: 934: 931: 930: 926: 923: 922: 918: 915: 914: 910: 909: 902: 899: 891: 888:February 2022 881: 876: 874: 867: 858: 857: 853: 843: 841: 840: 835: 834: 829: 828: 827:Novaya Gazeta 823: 822: 817: 816: 811: 807: 806: 801: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 783: 777: 775: 774: 773:Forbes Russia 769: 765: 764: 759: 755: 751: 750: 745: 744: 739: 734: 730: 727: 717: 715: 711: 707: 699: 694: 691: 687: 684: 681: 677: 673: 669: 666: 665: 664: 662: 658: 654: 647:News agencies 644: 641: 636: 634: 628: 626: 622: 617: 613: 609: 605: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 575:Media outlets 572: 569: 567: 557: 554: 549: 547: 543: 539: 538: 533: 529: 525: 521: 515: 513: 508: 506: 500: 498: 493: 489: 484: 479: 475: 473: 457: 448: 444: 440: 437: 433: 432: 428: 418: 416: 410: 405: 401: 396: 394: 393: 392:Novaya Gazeta 388: 384: 383:Freedom House 380: 376: 372: 371:press freedom 368: 364: 362: 356: 354: 350: 346: 342: 335: 331: 325: 321: 310: 305: 303: 298: 296: 291: 290: 288: 287: 282: 272: 271: 270: 269: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 244: 243: 239: 238: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 187: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 147: 146: 145: 141: 140: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 99:Ethnic groups 97: 95: 92: 91: 90: 89: 85: 84: 74: 73: 70: 67: 66: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 34: 29: 20: 19: 16: 7389:Transnistria 6996:Dependencies 6926:Turkmenistan 6891:Saudi Arabia 6538:Coat of arms 6502: 6498:Martial arts 6406:Army culture 6396:Architecture 6366:Witch trials 6321:Prostitution 6267:Human rights 6200:Demographics 6114:Trade unions 6084:Shipbuilding 6044:Homelessness 6004:Central Bank 5999:Car industry 5838:Conservatism 5748:Constitution 5743:Conscription 5416:Eastern Bloc 5406:Soviet Union 5399:Russian SFSR 5329:Feudal Rus' 5215: 5207:Bibliography 5186: 5162: 5136: 5116: 5105: 5096: 5085: 5076: 5067: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5028:. 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