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was consecrated by the head monk of
Dambulla, Ven. Giranegama Thera. Gongalegoda Banda was called "Sri Wickrama Subha Sarva Siddhi Rajasinghe". He asked the people whether they were on the side of the Buddhists or the British. On the same day Dines, his brother was declared the sub-king and Dingirala
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The Matale
Rebellion was led by leaders such as, Paranagama Nilame, Swarnapali Paranagama Kumarihami (daughter of Paranagama nilame ), Suriyabandara Nilame (King Of Mathale) (Son), Gongalegoda Banda, Diyes, Dingi Rala and Puran Appu who were supported by the people and the village headmen of Matale.
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However, the dispossessed peasantry were not employed on the plantations: The
Kandyan villagers refused to abandon their traditional subsistence holdings and become wage-workers in the nightmarish conditions that prevailed on these new estates, despite all the pressure exerted by the colonial state.
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On 1 July 1848, license fees were imposed on guns, dogs, carts, shops and labour was made compulsory on plantation roads, unless a special tax was paid. These taxes bore heavily not only on the purse but also on the traditions of the
Kandyan peasant. A mass movement against the oppressive taxes was
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The trial of
Gongalegoda Banda commenced on 27 November at the Supreme Court sessions in Kandy. He was charged with high treason for claiming to be King of Kandy and waging war against the British. He declared that he was guilty of all the charges. The Supreme Court condemned him to be hanged on 1
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provinces were in a state of turmoil. They had been under
British rule for 32 years. Under the Crown Lands (Encroachments) Ordinance No. 12 of 1840 (sometimes called the Crown Lands Ordinance or the Waste Lands Ordinance), European planters had expropriated the common land of the peasantry and
516:. In the 1830s, coffee was introduced into Ceylon, a crop which flourishes in high altitudes, and grown on the land taken from the peasants. The principal impetus to this development was the decline in coffee production in the West Indies, following the
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Puran Appu was taken prisoner by the
British troops and was executed on 8 August. Gongalegoda Banda and his younger brother Dines escaped and went into hiding. Gongalegoda Banda lived in a cave at
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An economic depression in the United
Kingdom had severely affected the local coffee and cinnamon industry. Planters and merchants clamoured for a reduction of export duties. Sir
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form of revolt, being fundamentally a peasant revolt. The masses were without the leadership of their native King (deposed in 1815), or their chiefs (either crushed after the
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or collaborating with the colonial power). The leadership passed for the first time in the
Kandyan provinces into the hands of ordinary people. The leaders were yeomen-
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just before the 1848 Rebellion broke out. Gongalegoda Banda led a protest march regarding unjustifiable taxes on 6 July 1848, near the Kandy
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671:. Torrington issued a warrant for his arrest with a reward of £150 for information on his whereabouts. On 21 September, he was arrested by
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developing. The masses were without the leadership of their native King (deposed in 1815) or their chiefs (either crushed after the
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was appointed prime minister and the sword bearer to
Gongalegoda Banda and attended his consecration ceremony with 4000 others.
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or collaborating with the colonial power). The leadership passed for the first time in the Kandyan provinces into the hands of
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is one of the most colourful personalities in Sri Lanka's history. He was born in November 1812 in the coastal town of
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leaving a deficit of £40,000 Sterling which was to be met by direct taxes on the people. A new Governor, 35-year-old
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These were workers with links to the low country, with rather broader vision than the Kandyan peasants they led.
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760:. In early 1847, he met and married Bandaramenike, the daughter of Gunnepana Arachchi in Kandy.
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to capture Kandy from the British. They attacked government buildings including the Matale
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and destroyed some of the tax records. Simultaneously, Dingirirala instigated attacks in
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form of anti-colonial revolt to modern independence struggles. It was fundamentally a
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Land Settlement in Sri Lanka 1840-1975: A Review of the Major Writings on the Subject
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Ellman, A. O.; Ratnaweera, D. De S.; Silva, K.T.; Wickremasinghe, G. (January 1976).
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January 1849. Subsequently, a proclamation was issued to amend the death sentence to
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The Matale Rebellion was the first transitional step towards abandoning the
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856:. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Agrarian Research and Training Institute. p. 16
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After the proclamation of the king, he with his army left Dambulla via
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Gongale Goda Banda (1809-1849) : The leader of the 1848 rebellion
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On 26 July 1848, the leaders and the supporters entered the historic
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United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
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Veera Puran Appu: stood up against the might of British Empire
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka
652:, where eight people were killed by the British. Governor
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in London that taxation should be radically shifted from
883:
Dr. K. D. G. Wimalaratne, Director, National Archives,
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on 29 July 1848 in Kandy and on 31 July in Kurunegala.
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19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
3634:
2812:
1593:
1224:
1167:United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
934:
448:
3297:Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon
1239:Coups, rebellions, and revolts in Sri Lanka
1429:2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup d'état attempt
719:where he became a popular figure among the
400:An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon
2819:
2805:
1600:
1586:
1478:Protests against the Vietnam War in Ceylon
1408:1966 alleged Ceylonese coup d'état attempt
1231:
1217:
941:
927:
772:Memorial of the Matale Rebellion in Matale
491:. It marked a transition from the classic
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1075:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
524:The British therefore had to draw on its
86:Learn how and when to remove this message
3524:Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon
767:
741:Weerahennedige Francisco Fernando alias
49:This article includes a list of general
1177:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
1162:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
14:
3635:
3579:Ceylonese recipients of British titles
2800:
1581:
1434:2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis
1212:
922:
1859:Regulator Movement in North Carolina
1302:Second Polonnaruwa War of Succession
977:Kotte conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
703:
489:George Byng, 7th Viscount Torrington
214:George Byng, 7th Viscount Torrington
35:
3617:
1556:2019 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka
1551:2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka
1546:2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka
1278:First Polonnaruwa War of Succession
736:
667:, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from
557:Secretary of State for the Colonies
487:colonial government under Governor
24:
3221:General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
3148:General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
1028:1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola
55:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3699:
1608:Colonial conflicts involving the
1536:2005 Inuvil shooting and protests
907:
3643:Sri Lankan independence movement
3616:
3606:
3597:
3596:
2935:Sri Lankan independence movement
1489:Burning of Jaffna Public Library
1351:Sri Lankan independence movement
1241:
955:
424:
346:Colonial Kandy (1815–1948)
293:
182:
168:
157:
101:Matale rebellion (මාතලේ කැරැල්ල)
40:
27:1848 rebellion in British Ceylon
3584:Military awards and decorations
3549:Bible translations into Sinhala
3470:Sinhala words of English origin
1684:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
1013:Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya
894:The 1971 Ceylonese Insurrection
1787:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War
1048:Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts
1018:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
840:
679:where he was kept a prisoner.
575:and reduce the export duty on
13:
1:
3505:Methodist Church in Sri Lanka
3040:Legislative Council of Ceylon
2995:Colebrooke–Cameron Commission
2184:Black War (Van Diemen's Land)
2028:Castle Hill convict rebellion
1308:Kandyan independence movement
1146:Operation Prosperity Guardian
833:
804:who were at the heart of the
792:in England's revolution, and
687:100 times and deportation to
623:as the uncrowned king of the
587:was dispatched to Colombo by
583:, a cousin of Prime Minister
502:
1356:Great Rebellion of 1817–1818
1107:Great Rebellion of 1817–1818
1038:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
606:
591:to carry out these reforms.
7:
3539:Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya
3211:British Military in Ceylon
1403:1962 Ceylonese coup attempt
914:Matale rebellion remembered
901:Colvin R. de Silva, Hartal!
811:
10:
3704:
3668:Military of British Ceylon
3215:Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon
2913:Great Rebellion of 1817–18
2701:Jewish revolt in Palestine
2346:Fenian Rebellion in Canada
1991:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign
1883:American Revolutionary War
1424:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
987:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
823:Great Rebellion of 1817–18
694:
551:in Colombo recommended to
29:
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2472:Jameson Raid South Africa
2006:
1759:
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1541:2012 Welikada prison riot
1446:
1391:
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1332:Nikapitiye Bandara Revolt
1262:
1251:
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969:
903:accessed 5 December 2005.
897:accessed 5 December 2005.
888:accessed 5 December 2005.
879:accessed 5 December 2005.
763:
254:
241:
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197:
150:
114:
105:
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3648:Wars involving Sri Lanka
3574:Maldivian Annual Tribute
3349:Indian Ocean slave trade
3254:Ceylon National Congress
3005:Donoughmore Constitution
2683:Arab revolt in Palestine
2280:Second Anglo-Burmese War
2022:Second Anglo-Maratha War
1913:Australian frontier wars
1567:2022 Sri Lankan protests
1501:Welikada prison massacre
1326:2nd Kuruvita rala Revolt
1320:1st Kuruvita rala Revolt
1097:Second Kandyan–Dutch War
407:List of Kandyan monarchs
318:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
3673:19th-century rebellions
3534:The Pentecostal Mission
3510:American Ceylon Mission
3465:Sri Lankan Creole Malay
3045:State Council of Ceylon
2970:South East Asia Command
2677:Second Mohmand campaign
2412:Third Anglo-Burmese War
2376:Second Anglo-Afghan War
2178:First Anglo-Burmese War
2154:Third Anglo-Maratha War
1985:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
1895:Second Anglo-Mysore War
1889:First Anglo-Maratha War
1314:Kangara arachchi Revolt
1092:First Kandyan–Dutch War
364:South East Asia Command
70:more precise citations.
3264:Sri Lankan nationalism
3000:Donoughmore Commission
2960:Ceylon in World War II
2617:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2502:First Mohmand campaign
2226:First Anglo-Afghan War
1925:Third Anglo-Mysore War
1507:1987 Trincomalee riots
1284:Queen Sugala rebellion
1198:Ceylon in World War II
773:
526:reserve army of labour
323:Kandyan Treaty of 1638
198:Commanders and leaders
3529:Lanka Lutheran Church
3279:Jaffna Youth Congress
3259:Native headmen system
3017:Soulbury Constitution
2945:1906 malaria outbreak
2834:British Ceylon period
2274:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1931:Cotiote (Wayanad) War
1817:French and Indian War
1512:Kalutara prison riots
1484:1977 Sri Lankan riots
1463:1953 Ceylonese Hartal
1413:1971 JVP insurrection
1058:Battle of Mulleriyawa
1023:Polonnaruwa–Pagan War
1008:Battle of Vijithapura
982:1971 JVP insurrection
771:
723:. He was seen at the
656:immediately declared
545:James Emerson Tennent
255:Casualties and losses
236:Ceylon Rifle Regiment
232:19th Regiment of Foot
30:Further information:
3200:Ceylon Defence Force
3106:Ceylon Civil Service
2965:Cocos Islands mutiny
2950:1915 Ceylonese riots
2436:Hunza–Nagar Campaign
2244:First Anglo-Sikh War
2220:Egyptian–Ottoman War
1518:Bindunuwewa massacre
1473:1958 Ceylonese riots
1468:1956 Ceylonese riots
1458:1915 Ceylonese riots
1418:Sri Lankan Civil War
1380:Cocos Islands mutiny
1139:Cocos Islands mutiny
1070:Dutch–Portuguese War
992:Sri Lankan Civil War
518:abolition of slavery
471:, also known as the
431:Sri Lanka portal
414:History of Sri Lanka
375:(1948–present)
333:Treaty of Batticaloa
32:History of Sri Lanka
3515:Batticotta Seminary
3182:Financial Secretary
3012:Soulbury Commission
2955:Suriya-Mal Movement
2940:Temperance movement
2689:Waziristan campaign
2623:Waziristan campaign
2316:Revolt of Rajab Ali
1793:War of Jenkins' Ear
1374:Suriya-Mal Movement
1368:Temperance movement
1063:Campaign of Danture
828:Revolutions of 1848
806:American Revolution
756:, and moved to the
725:Temple of the Tooth
618:and at 11.30 a.m.,
3653:Rebellions in Asia
3460:Sri Lankan English
3249:Kandyan Convention
3157:Board of Ministers
3128:Colonial Secretary
2930:Kandyan Convention
2918:Kandyan Convention
2903:Invasion of Ceylon
2563:Bambatha Rebellion
2478:Anglo-Zanzibar War
2466:Chitral Expedition
2400:Anglo-Egyptian War
2172:Anglo-Ashanti wars
1877:Lord Dunmore's War
1835:Anglo-Cherokee War
1744:King William's War
1561:Mahara prison riot
1296:Rajarata Rebellion
1134:Easter Sunday Raid
874:Tyronne Fernando,
774:
549:Colonial Secretary
354:Kandyan Convention
3663:Conflicts in 1848
3630:
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3498:Bishop of Colombo
3382:British buildings
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3113:Executive Council
3085:Solicitor General
2794:
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2725:Malayan Emergency
2635:Malabar rebellion
2496:Siege of Malakand
2442:Anglo-Manipur War
2298:Anglo-Persian War
1847:Anglo-Spanish War
1799:King George's War
1720:King Philip's War
1696:Anglo-Spanish War
1575:
1574:
1442:
1441:
1420: (1983-2009)
1376: (1933–1939)
1358: (1817–1818)
1334: (1616–1617)
1328: (1616–1619)
1304: (1186–1187)
1286: (1157–1158)
1280: (1110-1153)
1206:
1205:
1033:Pandyan Civil War
788:, resembling the
709:Gongalegoda Banda
704:Gongalegoda Banda
620:Gongalegoda Banda
561:indirect taxation
473:Rebellion of 1848
465:
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328:Portuguese Ceylon
305:(1469–1815)
267:
266:
209:Gongalegoda Banda
146:
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95:
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16:(Redirected from
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3678:History of Kandy
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3493:Church of Ceylon
3367:
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3269:Women's suffrage
3244:Treaty of Amiens
3138:Colonial Auditor
3133:Attorney General
3101:Governor-General
3080:Attorney General
2985:
2984:
2925:Matale Rebellion
2821:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2743:Cyprus Emergency
2569:Maritz rebellion
2557:Tibet expedition
2490:Benin Expedition
2310:Indian Rebellion
2304:Second Opium War
2286:Eureka Rebellion
2262:British Honduras
2238:New Zealand Wars
1823:Seven Years' War
1769:Queen Anne's War
1602:
1595:
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1579:
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1362:Matale rebellion
1290:Ruhuna Rebellion
1272:Velakkara revolt
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1219:
1210:
1209:
1193:Military history
1186:Related articles
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743:Veera Puran Appu
737:Veera Puran Appu
512:reduced them to
475:, took place in
469:Matale rebellion
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2448:Pahang Uprising
2328:Ambela campaign
2250:Río de la Plata
2232:First Opium War
2214:Aden Expedition
2046:Río de la Plata
2008:
2002:
1973:Irish Rebellion
1865:First Carib War
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3432:Indian Moors
3411:Social class
3377:Architecture
3312:Indian rupee
3024:Capital city
2908:Kandyan Wars
2870:Bibliography
2629:Iraqi Revolt
2484:Matabeleland
2460:North Borneo
2454:Matabeleland
2406:Saskatchewan
2267:
2208:Upper Canada
2202:Lower Canada
2160:Persian Gulf
2076:Persian Gulf
2016:Newfoundland
1997:Polygar Wars
1967:Kandyan Wars
1919:Nootka Sound
1563: (2020)
1532: (2002)
1526: (2001)
1520: (2000)
1514: (1997)
1503: (1983)
1497: (1983)
1491: (1981)
1382: (1942)
1370: (1895)
1364: (1848)
1361:
1322: (1603)
1316: (1603)
1298: (1168)
1292: (1160)
1274: (1084)
1155:Peacekeeping
1129:World War II
1113:
1102:Kandyan Wars
893:
884:
875:
858:. Retrieved
849:
842:
775:
758:Uva Province
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707:
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691:(Malaysia).
681:
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585:Lord Russell
542:
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483:against the
472:
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383:Modern Kandy
358:
338:Kandyan Wars
227:
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151:Belligerents
108:Kandyan Wars
106:Part of the
82:
76:October 2014
73:
54:
3622:WikiProject
3389:Place names
3033:Legislature
2852:1815 – 1948
2749:Suez Crisis
2647:Transjordan
2551:West Africa
2528:(1899–1902)
2522:(1898–1901)
2514:Six-Day War
2462:(1894–1905)
2450:(1891–1895)
2430:Mashonaland
2394:Mahdist War
2334:Shimonoseki
2264:(1847–1901)
2174:(1824–1901)
2142:Cape Colony
2040:Cape Colony
1999:(1799–1805)
1993:(1799–1803)
1981:(1798–1800)
1969:(1796–1818)
1943:Cape Colony
1933:(1793–1806)
1915:(1788–1934)
1811:Nova Scotia
1781:Yamasee War
1752:(1694–1700)
1726:Child's War
1714:2nd Tangier
1708:1st Tangier
1704:(1655–1739)
1654:Saint Kitts
1632:(1593–1603)
1263:Monarchical
1124:World War I
860:20 December
798:Paul Revere
658:martial law
569:export duty
284:History of
68:introducing
3637:Categories
3205:Commanders
2981:Government
2858:Background
2653:Pink's War
2545:Somaliland
2382:Basutoland
2136:Guadeloupe
2118:Xhosa Wars
2100:Seychelles
2082:Guadeloupe
2070:Martinique
1937:Rohilkhand
1901:Gold Coast
1871:Rohilkhand
1829:Bengal War
1666:Pequot War
1495:Black July
1256:rebellions
953:involving
834:References
650:Kurunegala
633:Puran Appu
625:Sat Korale
503:Background
51:references
3452:Languages
3217:(Unified)
3143:Treasurer
3094:Executive
3055:Judiciary
2785:Falklands
2781:(1963–67)
2775:(1962–66)
2769:(1962–90)
2757:(1962–76)
2745:(1955–59)
2739:(1954–59)
2733:(1952–60)
2727:(1948–60)
2721:(1946–50)
2713:Indonesia
2709:(1945–46)
2707:Indochina
2703:(1944–48)
2691:(1936–39)
2685:(1936–39)
2673:(1931–32)
2667:(1930–31)
2661:(1927–30)
2643:(1922–24)
2641:Kurdistan
2625:(1919–20)
2601:(1916–17)
2581:Nyasaland
2577:(1914–15)
2571:(1914–15)
2559:(1903–04)
2553:(1901–02)
2547:(1900–20)
2510:(1897–98)
2504:(1897–98)
2486:(1896–97)
2456:(1893–94)
2420:(1886–89)
2396:(1881–99)
2390:(1880–81)
2384:(1880–81)
2378:(1879–80)
2366:(1875–76)
2352:Abyssinia
2348:(1866–71)
2342:(1864–65)
2330:(1863–64)
2322:Kagoshima
2318:(1857–58)
2312:(1857–59)
2306:(1856–60)
2300:(1856–57)
2294:(1854–56)
2292:Åland War
2276:(1848–49)
2252:(1845–50)
2246:(1845–46)
2240:(1845–72)
2234:(1839–42)
2228:(1839–42)
2222:(1839–41)
2210:(1837–38)
2204:(1837–38)
2198:(1831–33)
2192:(1831–32)
2186:(1828–32)
2180:(1824–26)
2156:(1817–18)
2132:(1814–16)
2126:(1812–15)
2120:(1811–79)
2114:(1810–11)
2094:Mauritius
2066:(1808–09)
2048:(1806–07)
2024:(1803–05)
1987:(1798–99)
1957:(1795–96)
1951:(1795–96)
1927:(1789–92)
1903:(1781–82)
1897:(1779–84)
1891:(1775–82)
1885:(1775–83)
1873:(1773–74)
1867:(1769–73)
1861:(1765–71)
1855:(1763–66)
1849:(1762–63)
1837:(1758–61)
1831:(1756–65)
1825:(1756–63)
1819:(1754–63)
1813:(1749–55)
1807:(1746–63)
1801:(1744–48)
1795:(1740–42)
1789:(1722–25)
1783:(1715–17)
1777:(1711–15)
1771:(1702–13)
1746:(1688–97)
1740:(1688–91)
1728:(1686–90)
1722:(1675–78)
1698:(1654–60)
1692:(1654–67)
1686:(1649–53)
1680:(1641–53)
1668:(1634–38)
1638:(1609–46)
1448:Riots and
1393:Sri Lanka
1265:Sri Lanka
1254:coups and
1252:Attempted
963:Sri Lanka
802:Tom Paine
794:mechanics
790:Levellers
751:Sinhalese
730:Kachcheri
717:Udunuwara
645:Kachcheri
631:). Veera
607:Rebellion
553:Earl Grey
110:1796-1818
3602:Category
3480:Religion
3399:Scottish
3319:Cinnamon
3237:Politics
3193:Military
3167:Governor
3123:Governor
3073:Justices
2875:Timeline
2773:Malaysia
2695:Ethiopia
2593:Peshawar
2358:Manitoba
2340:Duar War
1636:Virginia
970:Domestic
812:See also
796:such as
786:artisans
747:Moratuwa
721:Kandyans
685:flogging
665:Elkaduwa
629:Counties
613:Dambulla
577:cinnamon
391:See also
313:Founding
275:a series
273:Part of
242:Strength
127:Location
3569:Schools
3427:British
3394:English
3370:Culture
3363:Society
3329:Coconut
3290:Economy
2895:History
2865:Outline
2836:topics
2767:Sarawak
2719:Sarawak
2611:Nigeria
2599:Mohmand
2587:Nigeria
2538:century
2196:Malacca
2190:Jamaica
2148:Algiers
2088:Reunion
2034:Surinam
2009:century
1955:Grenada
1949:Jamaica
1841:Jamaica
1762:century
1702:Jamaica
1630:Ireland
1623:century
1610:English
1001:Foreign
754:proctor
695:Leaders
689:Malacca
627:(Seven
538:coolies
520:there.
509:Kandyan
485:British
479:city,
263:Unknown
260:Unknown
250:Unknown
64:improve
3612:Portal
3442:Malays
3339:Rubber
3334:Coffee
3223:(Army)
2787:(1982)
2763:(1962)
2761:Brunei
2751:(1956)
2715:(1945)
2697:(1943)
2679:(1935)
2655:(1925)
2649:(1923)
2637:(1921)
2631:(1920)
2619:(1919)
2613:(1918)
2607:(1917)
2605:Quebec
2595:(1915)
2589:(1915)
2583:(1915)
2565:(1906)
2516:(1899)
2498:(1897)
2492:(1897)
2480:(1896)
2474:(1896)
2468:(1895)
2444:(1891)
2438:(1891)
2432:(1890)
2426:(1888)
2424:Hazara
2414:(1885)
2408:(1885)
2402:(1882)
2372:(1879)
2360:(1870)
2354:(1868)
2336:(1864)
2324:(1863)
2288:(1854)
2282:(1852)
2270:(1848)
2268:Ceylon
2258:(1847)
2256:Canton
2216:(1839)
2168:(1823)
2166:Guiana
2162:(1819)
2150:(1816)
2144:(1815)
2138:(1815)
2108:(1810)
2102:(1810)
2096:(1810)
2090:(1810)
2084:(1810)
2078:(1809)
2072:(1809)
2060:(1807)
2054:(1807)
2042:(1806)
2036:(1804)
2030:(1804)
2018:(1800)
1975:(1798)
1963:(1795)
1961:Ceylon
1945:(1795)
1939:(1794)
1921:(1789)
1909:(1786)
1879:(1774)
1843:(1762)
1734:(1687)
1716:(1664)
1710:(1662)
1690:Acadia
1674:(1641)
1662:(1628)
1660:Quebec
1656:(1626)
1650:(1622)
1644:(1612)
1642:Swally
1480:(1971)
960:
949:Major
778:feudal
764:Legacy
669:Matale
640:Matale
616:Vihara
573:coffee
547:, the
514:penury
493:feudal
481:Ceylon
477:Matale
277:on the
187:
173:
139:Result
53:, but
3562:Other
3406:Music
3324:Cocoa
3302:Rupee
2880:Years
2665:Tirah
2575:Tochi
2364:Perak
2130:Nepal
2052:Egypt
1979:Malta
1907:Assam
1750:Ghana
1648:Ormuz
854:(PDF)
677:Kandy
534:Tamil
530:India
373:Kandy
286:Kandy
3162:List
3118:List
2779:Aden
2755:Oman
2737:Oman
2536:20th
2112:Java
2007:19th
1760:18th
1732:Siam
1621:17th
1085:1591
1080:1560
862:2019
800:and
507:The
467:The
247:4000
122:1848
119:Date
2988:Law
2124:USA
571:on
563:to
528:in
3639::
733:.
603:.
555:,
499:.
2838:→
2831:←
2820:e
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536:'
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89:)
83:(
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74:(
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20:)
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