Oral and maxillofacial surgery

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maxillofacial surgery includes the treatment of complex dental surgery, including wisdom tooth removal, dental implant, craniomaxillofacial trauma, Orofacial pain (trigeminal neuralgia) and jaw joint pain (Temporomandibular disorder(TMD) or TMJ Pain) management, jaw joint(TMJ) replacement for TMJ ankylosis and deformed jaw joint cases, Lefort-3 distraction for Craniosynostosis case, jaw tumor and cyst removal surgery, head and neck cancer, facial aesthetic like rhinoplasty, eye and ear plastic surgery, Facial cosmetic surgery, microvascular surgery, and cleft and craniomaxillofacial surgery. In India, a Maxillofacial surgeon is considered one of the required members of the emergency team. Almost 20-25% of trauma patients usually have sustained facial trauma, and that needs urgent opinion and primary management that can be better managed by Maxillofacial experts.

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Surgeons, the first two years of coursework at the new college were fully unified with Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons, of which Hasbrouck was an 1894 graduate. Students devoted their entire second two years to specialization in surgery at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, which provided extraordinary preparation for the possibility of post-graduate residency training in oral surgery. Hasbrouck was notable in the specialty for having received both a dental and medical degree prior to 1895. His father, oral surgeon, Ferdinand Hasbrouck, discussed above, was a pioneer in

1255:, MBBS, MBChB) or research degree (e.g., MS, MSc, MPhil, MDS, MSD, MDSc, DClinDent, DSc, DMSc, PhD). Both four– and six–year graduates are designated US "Board Eligible" and those who earn "Board Certification" are Diplomats. Approximately 50% of the training programs in the US and 66% of Canadian training programs are "dual-degree." The typical total length of education and training, post-secondary school is 12 to 14 years. Beyond these years, some sub-specialize, adding an additional 1-2 year fellowship. 45: 657:, proposed naming the state produced "anesthesia", and the procedure an "anesthetic." Holmes wrote to Morton, "Everybody wants to have a hand in a great discovery. All I will do is to give a hint or two as to names—or the name—to be applied to the state produced and the agent. The state should, I think, be called 'Anaesthesia.' This signifies insensibility—more particularly ... to objects of touch." Holmes added poetically that the new term "will be repeated by the 896:, D.D.S., D.M.D., D.D.S./M.D., D.M.D./M.D., D.M.D./Ph.D. or D.D.S./Ph.D. Still, it is the completion of an oral and maxillofacial residency training program and corresponding certificate of specialty training that confers surgical specialty status and board eligibility, not the surgeon's professional degree or degree combination. Analogously, it is a certificate of specialty training and board eligibility that satisfies state licensure requirements to administer 4232: 4262: 638:. Massachusetts General Hospital views the demonstration as among the institution's most significant claims to fame. Upon the successful completion of Dr. Morton's demonstration, Dr. Warren famously proclaimed to the crowded, astonished and elated amphitheater, what would become likely the most famous words in modern medicine, "Gentlemen, this is no humbug." Indeed, the event marked the beginning of modern anesthesia and surgical practice. 4272: 4252: 4242: 322:

In the EU, OMFS is defined within Directive 2005/36 on professional qualifications (updated 2021). The two OMFS specialties are 'dual degree' dental, oral, and maxillofacial surgery (DOMFS) and 'single medical degree' maxillofacial surgery (MFS). In some cases a dental degree may be required to enter

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Plastic Surgery. Over time, the exclusive organization began to elect a small number of non-oral surgeon members, the first of which was legendary general surgeon Dr. Vilray Blair of Washington University in St. Louis. The organization became the American Association of Plastic Surgeons in 1921. At

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In other countries, oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialty exists but under different forms, as the work is sometimes performed by a single or dual qualified specialist depending on each country's regulations and training opportunities available. In several countries, oral and maxillofacial

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In mainland Europe, its status, including whether or not oral surgery, maxillofacial surgery and stomatology are considered separate specialties, varies by country. The required qualifications (medical degree, dental degree, or both, as well as the required internship and residency programs) also

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The popularity of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a career for persons whose first degree was medicine, not dentistry, seems to be increasing. At least one program (University of Alabama at Birmingham) exists that allows highly qualified candidates whose first degree is in medicine, to earn the

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in 1905. Dr. Kazanjian was Professor of Clinical Oral Surgery at Harvard from 1922 to 1941 when he was named Harvard's first Professor of Plastic Surgery. Dr. Kazanjian was instrumental in plastic surgery's formal recognition as an independent surgical specialty in 1941. Dr. Kazanjian joined the

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and plastic surgery's recognition in 1941 as a surgical specialty in the United States. In the early 1900s, plastic surgery was founded by a professional organization of oral surgeons with elite training and an interest in plastic and reconstructive surgery, the American Association of Oral and

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and extracted teeth from the corpus of the tumor. As Cleveland recovered from nitrous oxide, Dr. Hasbrouck began the administration of ether for the remainder of the procedure as he and the team performed the tumor surgery. The procedure was a milestone for the practice of anesthesia. Ferdinand

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oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. James F. Hasbrouck, interested in the development of the surgical specialty in New York, was among the founders of the Columbia University College of Dental and Oral Surgery in 1916. In keeping with the ideals of the American Association of Oral and Plastic

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In Australia and New Zealand, oral and maxillofacial surgery is recognised as both a specialty of medicine and dentistry. Degrees in both medicine and dentistry are compulsory prior to being accepted for surgical training. The scope of practice is broad and there is the ability to undertake

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D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) and D.M.D. (Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry or Doctor of Dental Medicine) are the same degrees. D.M.D. and D.D.S. represent the same education. The letters used are a function of university discretion, both degrees represent an identical curriculum, set of

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery, also known as OMFS, is a branch recognized by DCI (Dental Council of India) in countries such as India. In India, becoming a maxillofacial surgeon requires a five-year dental degree followed by three years of post-graduate specialisation. In India, oral and

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to Harvard medical students at the same venue. In one of the most important and well documented events in American medical history, Morton was invited to Massachusetts General Hospital to demonstrate his technique for painless surgery. After Morton had induced anesthesia, Dr.

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In the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons, whether possessing a single or dual degree, may further specialize after residency, undergoing additional one or two year sub-specialty oral and maxillofacial surgery fellowship training in the following areas:

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First Harvard Unit, serving with the British Forces in WWI, establishing the first dental and maxillofacial clinic in France, handling more than 3,000 cases of severe wounds to the face and jaws. He was honored for his surgical advances by British monarch

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In Pakistan, OMFS is recognized as specialty of dentistry which requires FCPS from CPSP after 4 years BDS degree and a one-year housejob. The candidate has to pass FCPS-1 in order to commence his/her training followed by PGMI Exam(not in all cases).

2575: 1308:) was founded in May, 2013 to define an international standard for specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons may appear for international board certification examination after completion of surgical training. 2104: 2601: 2333: 793:, plastic surgery's premier peer-reviewed academic journal and the American Association of Oral and Plastic Surgeons and served as its president. In 1919, New York City oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. Armin Wald, an 1896 graduate of 338:

In Asia, oral and maxillofacial surgery is also recognized as a dental specialty and requires a degree in dentistry prior to surgical residency training. The Canadian model is the same as the model used in the United States of America.

2410: 2892:"204E00000X Taxonomy Code | Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (D.M.D.) | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians | Healthcare Provider Taxonomy Code Set | Medical Coding Library | www.HIPAASpace.com © 2023" 2307: 2503: 408:, formally designated as a dental specialty. A professional dental degree is required, a qualification in medicine may be undertaken optionally during residency training. In this respect, oral and maxillofacial surgery is 551:(AAOMS) is the chief professional organization representing the roughly 9,000 oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the United States. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons publishes the peer-reviewed 1723: 1317:

In addition, single and dual qualified graduates of oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs can pursue post-residency sub-specialty fellowships, typically 1–2 years in length, in the following areas:

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Since 2019, Norway switched from dual degree requirement for Maxillofacial Surgery to medical degree only. Similarly, Sweden has started several Maxillofacial Surgery training programs for medical graduates.

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is an internationally recognized surgical specialty. Oral and maxillofacial surgery is formally designated as either a medical, dental or dual (medical and dental) specialty.

1813: 1761: 316:. Intercollegiate Board Certification is provided through the JCIE, and is the same as Plastic Surgery, ENT, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Paediatric Surgery, Neurosurgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2359: 259:/pediatric maxillofacial surgery, including cleft lip and palate surgery and trans-cranial craniofacial surgery including Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Remodelling (FOAR) and total vault remodelling 563:

In the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons are required to undergo five months of intensive general anesthesia training. An additional month of pediatric anesthesia training is also required. The

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required dental degree, so as to qualify for entrance into oral and maxillofacial residency training programs and ultimately achieve board eligibility and certification in the surgical specialty.

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Cranio-maxillofacial trauma, including zygomatic (cheek bone), orbital (eye socket), mandibular and nasal fractures as well as facial soft tissue lacerations and penetrating neck injuries

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J. Gigliotti, N. Makhoul: Demographics, training satisfaction, and career plans of Canadian oral and maxillofacial surgery residents. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2015; 44: 1574–1580.

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The FRCS (Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons) is the specialist exam at the end of surgical training, and is required to work as a Consultant Surgeon in Maxillofacial Surgery.

861:. Globally, the role of oral and maxillofacial surgery was also profound in the founding of plastic surgery: outside the United States, fathers of plastic surgery include London based 837:. Hasbrouck's and Wald's sons, Theodore F. Hasbrouck and Arthur H. Wald both graduated from Columbia's College of Dental and Oral Surgery in 1937. Arthur Wald made further advances in 571:

which specifies qualified anesthesia personnel and practitioners as anesthesiologists, anesthesiology fellows, anesthesiology residents, and oral and maxillofacial surgery residents.

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emerged in the early 1990s in the United States. Typically, Six-year residency programs grant the specialty certificate and an additional degree such as a medical degree (e.g.,

2899: 817: 416:. Oral and maxillofacial surgery requires an extensive 4-6 year surgical residency training covering the U.S. specialty's scope of practice: surgery of the oral cavity, 2869: 1294:

Some colleges offer membership or fellowships in oral/maxillofacial surgery: MOralSurg RCS, M(OMS) RCPS, FFD RCSI, FEBOS, FACOMS, FFD RCS, FAMS, FCDSHK, FCMFOS (SA)

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Board certification in the U.S. is governed by the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ABOMS). Oral and maxillofacial surgery is among the fourteen

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery's stature and clout in university hospitals can be traced to its plenary role in the development of modern medicine and surgery.

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In the United States, a close educational and professional relationship between oral and maxillofacial surgery and anesthesiology persists to the present day.

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for the procedure. For political reasons, Cleveland did not want the public to know about his condition. The operation was performed in secret on the yacht

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Following residency training, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, whether single or dual degree, have the option of undergoing 1-2 year surgical sub-specialty

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After completion of surgical training most undertake final specialty examinations: US: "Board Certified (ABOMS)", Australia/NZ: FRACDS, or Canada: "FRCDC"

2673: 2971: 2041: 226:, head and neck as well as associated structures. Depending upon the national jurisdiction, oral and maxillofacial surgery may require a degree in 3007: 1991: 785:

is named after him. Ivy is considered a pioneer and father of the modern practice of plastic surgery. Ivy was influenced by Dr. Vilray Blair of

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surgery is a specialty recognized by a professional association, as is the case with the Dental Council of India, American Dental Association,

55: 2598:"Officers and Graduates of Columbia University, Originally the College of the Province of New York Known as King's College: General Catalogue" 1229: 622:, a founding member of Massachusetts General Hospital, the hospital's first surgeon, and the first Dean of Harvard Medical School, removed a 326:

In Poland, Maxillofacial Surgery has always been dominated by dentists and still the majority of current OMFS trainees are dental graduates.

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Randall, Peter; McCarthy, Joseph G.; Wray, Christie R. (May 1996). "History of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 1921-1996".

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was among the first practitioners to succeed in the regular and commercial use of anesthesia in private surgical practice. In 1893, U.S.

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was diagnosed with an intraoral tumor. The President chose Dr. Hasbrouck to serve among his team of surgeons and simultaneously as

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programs grant a certificate of specialty training in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Six year programs granting an optional

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In the US, Australia and South Africa, Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the ten dental specialties recognized by the

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Both single and dual qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeons may obtain fellowship with the American College of Surgeons (

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In the UK, Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the ten medical specialties, requiring MRCS and FRCS examinations.

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A number of notable philanthropic organizations provide humanitarian oral and maxillofacial surgery around the globe.

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is intellectually and physically demanding and is among the most highly compensated

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specialty training but in all cases the medical degree must be obtained before starting OMFS specialty training.

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with a degree in medicine and an additional degree in dentistry being compulsory. The scope of practice is mainly

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Unique among surgical specialists in the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons are trained to administer

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Chambers, James Alan; Ray, Peter Damian (November 2009). "Achieving Growth and Excellence in Medicine".

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Immediately following the demonstration, in a congratulatory letter to Dr. William Thomas Green Morton,

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was the first to use anesthesia, but with limited success. On 16 October 1846, Boston oral surgeon, Dr.

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soft and hard tissue trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region (jaw fractures, cheek bone fractures,

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In 1945, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. Niels Jorgensen was first to develop intravenous moderate

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Maxillofacial regeneration, which is re-formation of the facial region by advanced stem cell technique

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and pediatric maxillofacial surgery (cleft lip and palate repair, surgery for craniosynostosis, etc.)

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Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and The Haunted Men Who Made It

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The Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 1916–2016: A Dental School on University Lines

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subspecialty fellowships in areas such as head and neck surgery and microvascular reconstruction.

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The International Board for the Certification of Specialists in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (

30:"Facial reconstruction" redirects here. For the process of visualizing a face from a skull, see 3524: 3472: 2708: 1125: 1070: 598: 433: 164: 2013: 1911: 4175: 4061: 4034: 4007: 3959: 3913: 3608: 3357: 3271: 3216: 1022: 681: 627: 500: 301:, skin cancer, facial deformity, cleft lip and palate, craniofacial surgery, TMJ surgery and 4195: 4155: 4022: 3836: 3831: 3811: 3746: 3598: 3251: 1637: 1464: 1424: 1404: 1394: 1337: 1322: 1273: 1244: 1129: 1109: 1066: 1018: 1000: 984: 948: 916:

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is assigned Health Care Provider Taxonomy Code: 204E00000X

532: 516: 504: 493: 469: 461: 413: 294: 286: 282: 262: 256: 152: 3317: 1519: 8: 4275: 4217: 4200: 3859: 3576: 3347: 3292: 3266: 2802:"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Permits - Licensed Dentists - Dental Board of California" 1488: 829: 691: 585:

In the specialty's infancy, dental and oral surgeons were plenary in the introduction of

2198: 1979: 4165: 4122: 4112: 3901: 3854: 3821: 3816: 3566: 3544: 3418: 3362: 3352: 3322: 3307: 2783: 2640: 2144: 2127: 1474: 1285: 1277: 1252: 1248: 1085: 964: 897: 874: 738: 734: 575: 485: 3287: 2542: 2058: 758:. Kazanjian served as an early president of American Association of Plastic Surgeons. 4261: 4235: 4117: 4087: 4066: 4029: 4012: 3927: 3891: 3881: 3776: 3696: 3640: 3603: 3588: 3529: 3496: 3465: 3342: 3241: 3211: 3206: 2775: 2728: 2493: 2264: 2260: 2221: 2217: 2167: 2149: 2094: 1983: 1944: 1937: 1915: 1904: 1478: 1305: 1118: 968: 3046: 2832:"Elective Cosmetic Surgery Permits - Licensed Dentists - Dental Board of California" 2787: 2724: 2644: 690:

Hasbrouck's son, James F. Hasbrouck, discussed below, was among the founders of the

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Ziskin, Daniel E.; Wald, Arthur (1938). "Observations on Electrical Pulp Testing".

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training – Some programs integrate an additional degree such as: a

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Gupta, Niodita; Vujicic, Marko; Munson, Bradley; Nasseh, Kamyar (February 2017).

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Atlas and diagrams of the surgical procedure and photographs of the tumor, p.26.

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in the Long Island Sound, NY. Dr. Hasbrouck, induced President Cleveland with

630:. The demonstration was performed in the surgical amphitheater now called the 4290: 4180: 3969: 3964: 3826: 3766: 3669: 3408: 3231: 3150: 2356:"Index of the Periodical Dental Literature Published in the English Language" 1498: 1483: 1444: 1429: 1414: 1343: 1240: 1239:

Residency training programs are either four or six years in duration. In the

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Dr. Ferdinand Hasbrouck, a New York oral surgeon and an 1870 graduate of the

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery stands as a pillar of the modern practice of

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An oral and maxillofacial surgeon is a specialist] who treats the entire ]:

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Oncology head and neck surgery with free flap microvascular reconstruction

4044: 3989: 3886: 3741: 3716: 3534: 3413: 3261: 3226: 2674:"GRAFTING: Fibrin Foam and Thrombin as Used in the Surgical the Mandible" 1619: 1469: 1409: 1356: 1162: 1148: 1081: 1026: 1012: 980: 972: 960: 956: 710: 465: 445: 223: 211: 179: 128: 3008:"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program - School of Dentistry" 4132: 4017: 3984: 3756: 3706: 3691: 3686: 3679: 3664: 3654: 3393: 3236: 3155: 1434: 1258:

The typical training program for an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is:

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in the resection of large and rare mandibular tumors. He served in the

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https://issuu.com/auamarketing/docs/brochuredesign1?e=2876235/79816035

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In the United States and globally, treatments may be performed on the

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In countries such as the UK and most of Europe, it is recognised as a

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in the United States with a 2008 average annual income of $ 568,968.

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founder of the modern practice of plastic surgery. He graduated from

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pioneered plastic surgery and is considered to be a founder, if not,

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In the United States, oral and maxillofacial surgery is a recognized

231: 2526: 2199:"History of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 1921-1996" 3711: 3488: 3201: 2128:"Dentists and anesthesia: historical and contemporary perspectives" 1170: 940: 901: 846: 751: 698: 642: 590: 579: 489: 227: 2531:

International Journal of Orthodontia, Oral Surgery and Radiography

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in oral, plastic and reconstructive surgery with the early use of

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Cutanous malignancy/skin cancer surgery of head and neck surgery

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Randall, Peter; McCarthy, Joseph G.; Wray, R. Christie (1996).

1694:"American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | ABOMS" 1101: 1045: 904:, not the surgeon's professional degree or degree combination. 842: 809:. Wald was influenced by his father, Henry Wald, M.D., an 1872 1346:(soft tissue and skeletal injuries to the face, head and neck) 908:

educational requirements and level of educational attainment.

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2–4 years undergraduate study (BS, BA, or equivalent degrees)

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

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International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act taxonomy

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are licensed to do so in both hospital and office settings.

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focuses on correcting cleft lips and palates in children.

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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intravenously, was widely accepted and first taught at

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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In the UK, Maxillofacial surgery is a specialty of the

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British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

1964:"Ferdinand Hasbrouck's Nitrous Oxide Caper—Which One?" 1838:"Statement from American Society of Anesthesiologists" 761:

Another founder and god-father of plastic surgery was

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University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

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University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

2246: 2196: 928:: mouth, jaws, face, neck, and skull, and include: 387:and Brazilian Federal Council of Odontology (CFO). 3135: 1936: 1903: 3096:American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2460:Supreme Court Appellate Division First Department 4288: 2707:Weiner, Leonard; Wald, Arthur H. (1 June 1946). 1624:American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1176:Surgery to insert osseointegrated (bone fused) 2713:The Journal of the American Dental Association 1754:"Information about Waivers for ACS Fellowship" 1638:"Information about Waivers for ACS Fellowship" 1620:"Become a Board Certified Doctor | ABOMS" 781:. The inter-maxillary fixation technique, the 773:graduate, developed the surgical treatment of 198:including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery. 3473: 3121: 2358:. American Dental Association. 7 March 1922. 1230:Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons 791:Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 694:College of Dental and Oral Surgeons in 1916. 542: 52:The examples and perspective in this article 1025:as well as management of facial trauma, and 360: 276: 2757: 1280:(MS, MDS, MSc, MClinDent, MScDent, MDent), 399: 3762:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility 3480: 3466: 3128: 3114: 2706: 2671: 2622: 2486:Spikes, Judith Doolin (24 November 2003). 1313:Surgical sub-specialty fellowship training 1136:, surgical correction of facial asymmetry. 4103:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery 3435:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 3101:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2524: 2143: 2086: 1902:Fenster, J. M. (2001). "Power Struggle". 1208: 1180:and maxillofacial implants for attaching 857:and owned a cosmetic practice in midtown 553:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 90:Learn how and when to remove this message 1867: 1865: 1363:focusing on childhood facial deformity. 1124:Orthognathic (literally "straight jaw") 1104:and cranial vault malformations such as 811:University of Vienna Faculty of Medicine 795:New York University College of Dentistry 787:Washington University School of Medicine 715:Loma Linda University School of Medicine 2672:Weiner, L.; Wald, A. H. (2 July 1947). 2525:Hasbrouck, James F. (1 November 1922). 2087:Formicola, Allan J. (11 October 2016). 2082: 2080: 1901: 1814:"Statement on the Anesthesia Care Team" 723: 645:and later Harvard Medical School Dean, 383:, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, 14: 4289: 3053:from the original on 22 September 2017 2485: 2125: 991:, injectable cosmetic treatments like 919: 737:, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. 613:gave a successful demonstration using 526: 385:Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 381:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 314:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 3461: 3109: 2394:Columbia University School of Nursing 1961: 1934: 1871: 1862: 1668:AAOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 813:graduate and preceptor in surgery at 569:Statement on the Anesthesia Care Team 565:American Society of Anesthesiologists 484:and, uniquely, the administration of 4241: 4002:Physical medicine and rehabilitation 3181:Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture 2988:from the original on 27 January 2024 2407:"New York State Journal of Medicine" 2077: 1724:"What are the surgical specialties?" 1161:surgery (surgery to remove impacted 888:While a professional dental degree, 869:and his French mentor, the renowned 754:, who invested him Companion to the 377:Royal College of Surgeons of England 310:Royal College of Surgeons of England 163:is a surgical specialty focusing on 38: 4251: 2921:Health Care Provider Taxonomy, p.41 1980:10.1097/01.anes.0000480997.76049.d1 1440:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction 1226:Royal College of Dentists of Canada 1021:, surgical treatment/correction of 24: 4138:Medical Scientist Training Program 2812:from the original on 20 April 2020 2678:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2249:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2206:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1850:from the original on 6 August 2020 1644:from the original on 6 August 2020 883: 655:Supreme Court of the United States 333: 25: 4318: 3069: 2902:from the original on 7 March 2023 2872:from the original on 7 March 2023 2842:from the original on 12 July 2024 2739:from the original on 12 July 2024 2688:from the original on 11 June 2020 2604:from the original on 12 July 2024 2578:from the original on 12 July 2024 2549:from the original on 10 June 2020 2506:from the original on 12 July 2024 2467:from the original on 12 July 2024 2439:from the original on 12 July 2024 2413:from the original on 12 July 2024 2362:from the original on 12 July 2024 2336:from the original on 12 July 2024 2235:from the original on 12 July 2024 2107:from the original on 12 July 2024 2065:from the original on 7 March 2023 2020:from the original on 13 June 2020 1994:from the original on 13 June 2020 1880:from the original on 12 July 2024 1794:from the original on 12 July 2024 1764:from the original on 7 March 2023 1734:from the original on 7 March 2023 1600:from the original on 12 July 2024 1570:from the original on 12 July 2024 1526:from the original on 12 July 2024 756:Order of St Michael and St George 747:Harvard School of Dental Medicine 661:of every civilized of mankind." 237: 4270: 4260: 4250: 4240: 4231: 4230: 3186:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 2951:from the original on 14 May 2021 2310:from the original on 5 June 2020 2304:collections.countway.harvard.edu 2261:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00027 2218:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00027 2178:from the original on 4 June 2020 1704:from the original on 13 May 2020 1674:from the original on 13 May 2020 1400:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 1284:(PhD, DMSc, DClinDent, DSc), or 43: 4271: 3039: 3030: 3018:from the original on 1 May 2024 3000: 2981:. The Health Policy Institute. 2963: 2933: 2914: 2884: 2854: 2824: 2794: 2751: 2725:10.14219/jada.archive.1946.0270 2700: 2665: 2651: 2616: 2590: 2518: 2479: 2451: 2425: 2399: 2374: 2348: 2322: 2292: 2190: 2160: 2119: 2051: 2032: 2006: 1955: 1935:Small, Miriam Rossiter (1963). 1928: 1830: 1806: 1776: 1746: 701:. His technique, administering 127:, hard and soft tissues of the 4297:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 4128:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 3562:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 3137:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2388:and among the founders of the 1716: 1686: 1656: 1630: 1612: 1582: 1556: 1538: 1512: 871:oral and maxillofacial surgeon 603:Massachusetts General Hospital 593:and the development of modern 161:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 144:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon 103:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 32:Forensic facial reconstruction 13: 1: 3247:Maxillomandibular advancement 2696:– via journals.lww.com. 2543:10.1016/S0099-6963(22)80116-2 2093:. Columbia University Press. 1872:Dentistry, Florida Board of. 1505: 1334:(facelift, rhinoplasty, etc.) 1192: 1173:, or other dental prostheses) 1134:maxillomandibular advancement 1115:chronic facial pain disorders 851:United States Army Air Forces 558: 390: 4108:Bachelor of Medical Sciences 3875:Neurosurgical anesthesiology 3487: 3086:American College of Surgeons 2772:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181bc327a 2637:10.1177/00220345380170020501 2059:"President Grover Cleveland" 1350: 1327:microvascular reconstruction 824:, became a law professor at 537:American College of Surgeons 509:microvascular reconstruction 291:microvascular reconstruction 267:microvascular reconstruction 201: 7: 3399:Little Baby Face Foundation 3047:"Fellows (U.S. And Canada)" 2979:American Dental Association 1962:Bause, G. S. (April 2016). 1430:Cranio-maxillofacial trauma 1382: 1344:Cranio-maxillofacial trauma 1288:(MBBS, MD, DO, MBChB, MDCM) 1236:, DDS, BDent, DMD or BDS). 1222:American Dental Association 1042:Diagnosis and treatment of: 1039:skin grafts and local flaps 926:craniomaxillofacial complex 611:William Thomas Green Morton 521:cranio-maxillofacial trauma 369: 342: 299:cranio-maxillofacial trauma 66:, discuss the issue on the 10: 4323: 3171:Cleft lip and cleft palate 2625:Journal of Dental Research 1910:. HarperCollins. pp. 1590:"Registration Of Training" 1186:bone anchored hearing aids 763:University of Pennsylvania 670:President Grover Cleveland 626:from the neck of patient, 543:Professional organizations 476:free flap reconstruction, 29: 4226: 4148: 4086: 3847: 3775: 3730: 3639: 3510: 3495: 3443: 3427: 3371: 3280: 3194: 3176:Le Fort fracture of skull 3143: 2760:Annals of Plastic Surgery 2747:– via jada.ada.org. 2370:– via Google Books. 1520:"Affiliated Associations" 651:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 647:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 361:Australia and New Zealand 277:United Kingdom and Europe 148: 140: 107: 4062:Transplantation medicine 3953:Clinical neurophysiology 3870:Obstetric anesthesiology 3790:Interventional radiology 3550:Digestive system surgery 3222:Distraction osteogenesis 2172:www.abplasticsurgery.org 503:for further training in 424:surgery, surgery of the 400:United States of America 351: 3933:Intensive care medicine 3907:Mass gathering medicine 3752:Maternal–fetal medicine 3449:Palatal lift prosthesis 3298:Bernhard von Langenbeck 2386:Henry Street Settlement 1359:was created in 1998 by 1332:Cosmetic facial surgery 1182:craniofacial prostheses 935:of the head and neck: ( 513:cosmetic facial surgery 426:temporomandibular joint 303:cosmetic facial surgery 248:Cosmetic facial surgery 3525:Cardiothoracic surgery 2572:"Columbia Alumni News" 2168:"ABPlasticsurgery.org" 2126:Peskin, R. M. (1993). 2014:"BoatUS Expert Advice" 1267:DMD, BDent, DDS or BDS 1265:4 years dental study ( 1209:Education and training 1126:reconstructive surgery 1096:malformations such as 1080:cutaneous malignancy ( 1071:reconstructive surgery 1065:pathology (oral & 599:Harvard Medical School 434:reconstructive surgery 165:reconstructive surgery 4176:Personalized medicine 4035:Reproductive medicine 3960:Occupational medicine 3914:Evolutionary medicine 3358:William Harrison Bell 3272:Torus removal surgery 3217:Dentofacial Osteotomy 2926:6 August 2020 at the 2044:6 August 2020 at the 1943:. Twayne Publishers. 1939:Oliver Wendell Holmes 1121:joint (TMJ) disorders 1069:) with (ablative and 1023:dentofacial deformity 717:, beginning in 1945. 628:Edward Gilbert Abbott 496:in their final year. 283:specialty of medicine 18:Maxillofacial Surgery 4302:Surgical specialties 4196:Traditional medicine 4156:Alternative medicine 4023:Addiction psychiatry 3837:Transfusion medicine 3832:Medical microbiology 3747:Gynecologic oncology 3599:Reproductive surgery 3281:Notable contributors 3252:Orthognathic surgery 2330:"The Dental Summary" 1465:Asian blepharoplasty 1425:Craniofacial surgery 1405:Head and neck cancer 1395:Orthognathic surgery 1338:Craniofacial surgery 1323:Head and neck cancer 1199:surgical specialties 1130:orthognathic surgery 1110:craniofacial surgery 1067:head and neck cancer 1019:Orthognathic surgery 1001:platelet rich plasma 985:hair transplantation 949:Asian blepharoplasty 724:Craniofacial surgery 649:, father of Justice 533:surgical specialties 517:craniofacial surgery 505:head and neck cancer 470:head and neck cancer 462:craniofacial surgery 414:surgical specialties 295:craniofacial surgery 287:head and neck cancer 263:Head and neck cancer 257:Craniofacial surgery 194:, as well as facial 153:Glossary of medicine 72:create a new article 64:improve this article 4307:Medical specialties 4218:History of medicine 4201:Veterinary medicine 4008:Preventive medicine 3860:Adolescent medicine 3702:Infectious diseases 3348:Thomas Lewis Gilmer 3293:Bernard Devauchelle 3267:Socket Preservation 2245:Also published as: 2132:Anesthesia Progress 1489:Otorhinolaryngology 920:Surgical procedures 830:New York University 805:reconstruction and 692:Columbia University 620:John Collins Warren 527:Board certification 104: 4166:Molecular oncology 4123:Doctor of Medicine 4113:Master of Medicine 4030:Radiation oncology 3902:Emergency medicine 3855:Addiction medicine 3822:Clinical chemistry 3817:Clinical pathology 3609:Transplant surgery 3567:Orthopedic surgery 3545:Colorectal surgery 3419:Transforming Faces 3363:Wolfgang Rosenthal 3353:Varaztad Kazanjian 3323:Michael Silbermann 3308:Kurt Hermann Thoma 2896:www.hipaaspace.com 2659:"Dental Columbian" 1475:Cheek augmentation 1325: – 1086:lip reconstruction 965:cheek augmentation 898:general anesthesia 875:Hippolyte Morestin 828:. Wald's partner, 818:School of Medicine 789:. Ivy founded the 765:oral surgeon, Dr. 739:Varaztad Kazanjian 735:Harvard University 576:general anesthesia 535:recognized by the 486:general anesthesia 406:surgical specialty 102: 27:Surgical treatment 4284: 4283: 4118:Master of Surgery 4082: 4081: 4067:Tropical medicine 4013:Prison healthcare 3928:Hospital medicine 3892:Disaster medicine 3882:Aviation medicine 3697:Hospital medicine 3604:Surgical oncology 3589:Pediatric surgery 3583: 3530:Endocrine surgery 3455: 3454: 3343:Thomas Fillebrown 3318:Léon Dufourmentel 3242:Labial frenectomy 3212:Dental extraction 3207:Chin augmentation 2384:, founder of the 1921:978-0-06-019523-6 1564:"About The CAOMS" 1479:chin augmentation 1119:temporomandibular 969:chin augmentation 269:free flap surgery 158: 157: 100: 99: 92: 74:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 4314: 4274: 4273: 4264: 4254: 4253: 4244: 4243: 4234: 4233: 3938:Medical genetics 3923:General practice 3800:Nuclear medicine 3675:Gastroenterology 3631:Vascular surgery 3581: 3508: 3507: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3459: 3458: 3389:Facing the World 3130: 3123: 3116: 3107: 3106: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2987: 2976: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2945:www.doximity.com 2937: 2931: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2866:www.op.nysed.gov 2858: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2568: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2403: 2397: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2282: 2273: 2272: 2255:(6): 1254–1292. 2244: 2242: 2240: 2234: 2203: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2147: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2084: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2055: 2049: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1942: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1909: 1899: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1869: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1849: 1842: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1819:. 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Reich 820:; their nephew, 815:Columbia College 677:anesthesiologist 458:facial deformity 454:cosmetic surgery 105: 101: 95: 88: 84: 81: 75: 47: 46: 39: 21: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4222: 4211:Chief physician 4144: 4089: 4078: 4072:Travel medicine 4057:Sports medicine 4040:Sexual medicine 3980:Palliative care 3975:Pain management 3919:Family medicine 3897:Diving medicine 3843: 3771: 3733: 3726: 3642: 3635: 3594:Plastic surgery 3540:General surgery 3520:Cardiac surgery 3501: 3499: 3491: 3486: 3456: 3451: 3439: 3423: 3404:Operation Smile 3367: 3303:James Garretson 3288:Alphonse Guérin 3276: 3190: 3139: 3134: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2928:Wayback Machine 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2845: 2843: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2719:(11): 731–735. 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2670: 2666: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2621: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2537:(11): 717–722. 2523: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2500: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2379: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2337: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2201: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2124: 2120: 2110: 2108: 2101: 2085: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2046:Wayback Machine 2037: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2012: 2011: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1960: 1956: 1933: 1929: 1922: 1900: 1893: 1883: 1881: 1870: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1826:on 6 July 2016. 1823: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1737: 1735: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1707: 1705: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1647: 1645: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1573: 1571: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1529: 1527: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1494:Plastic surgery 1385: 1379:disfiguration. 1365:Operation Smile 1353: 1315: 1282:doctoral degree 1278:master's degree 1211: 1195: 1178:dental implants 1145:LeFort fracture 989:lip enhancement 922: 914: 886: 884:State licensure 730:plastic surgery 726: 605:, dentist, Dr. 561: 545: 529: 430:general surgery 402: 393: 372: 363: 354: 345: 336: 334:Canada and Asia 279: 240: 204: 196:plastic surgery 96: 85: 79: 76: 61: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4320: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4268: 4258: 4248: 4238: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4149:Related topics 4146: 4145: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4098:Medical school 4094: 4092: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4052:Sleep medicine 4049: 4048: 4047: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4015: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3872: 3865:Anesthesiology 3862: 3857: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3795:Neuroradiology 3792: 3781: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3736: 3732:Obstetrics and 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3627: 3626: 3616: 3614:Trauma surgery 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3577:Otolaryngology 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3516: 3514: 3505: 3503:subspecialties 3493: 3492: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3470: 3462: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3338:Simon Hullihen 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3133: 3132: 3125: 3118: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3070:External links 3068: 3065: 3064: 3038: 3029: 2999: 2962: 2932: 2913: 2883: 2853: 2836:www.dbc.ca.gov 2823: 2806:www.dbc.ca.gov 2793: 2766:(5): 473–478. 2750: 2699: 2664: 2650: 2615: 2589: 2560: 2517: 2498: 2478: 2463:. March 1983. 2450: 2424: 2398: 2373: 2347: 2321: 2291: 2274: 2212:(6): 1254–98. 2189: 2159: 2118: 2099: 2076: 2050: 2031: 2005: 1968:Anesthesiology 1954: 1927: 1920: 1891: 1861: 1829: 1805: 1775: 1745: 1715: 1685: 1655: 1629: 1611: 1581: 1555: 1537: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1472: 1467: 1461:Blepharoplasty 1458: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1420:Dental implant 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286:medical degree 1270: 1263: 1210: 1207: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1174: 1156: 1151:fractures and 1137: 1122: 1116: 1113: 1088: 1078: 1060: 1043: 1040: 1034: 1029: 1016: 945:blepharoplasty 921: 918: 913: 910: 885: 882: 867:Harold Gillies 835:anesthesiology 803:alveolar ridge 725: 722: 597:. In 1844, at 560: 557: 544: 541: 528: 525: 494:Chief Resident 482:trauma surgery 418:dental implant 401: 398: 392: 389: 371: 368: 362: 359: 353: 350: 344: 341: 335: 332: 278: 275: 274: 273: 270: 260: 254: 251: 239: 238:Subspecialties 236: 203: 200: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 109: 98: 97: 58:of the subject 56:worldwide view 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4319: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4277: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4257: 4249: 4247: 4239: 4237: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4181:Public health 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4161:Allied health 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4085: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3970:Oral medicine 3968: 3966: 3965:Ophthalmology 3963: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3827:Cytopathology 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3767:Urogynecology 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3670:Endocrinology 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3622: 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3197: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3151:Facial trauma 3149: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3119: 3117: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3033: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3003: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2827: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2660: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2565: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2505: 2501: 2499:9781439612033 2495: 2491: 2490: 2482: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2454: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2377: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2295: 2287: 2286:"Our History" 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Ivy 764: 759: 757: 753: 748: 744: 740: 736: 731: 721: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 703:pentobarbital 700: 695: 693: 688: 687:nitrous oxide 684: 683: 678: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 616: 615:diethyl ether 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 583: 581: 577: 572: 570: 566: 556: 554: 550: 540: 538: 534: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 478:facial trauma 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 442:head and neck 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 422:dentoalveolar 419: 415: 411: 407: 397: 388: 386: 382: 378: 367: 358: 349: 340: 331: 327: 324: 320: 317: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 271: 268: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 249: 246: 245: 244: 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 199: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 174: 173:facial trauma 170: 166: 162: 154: 151: 147: 143: 139: 136: 134: 133:maxillofacial 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 94: 91: 83: 73: 69: 65: 59: 57: 50: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 4186:Rural health 4171:Nanomedicine 3722:Rheumatology 3653: / 3572:Hand surgery 3561: 3557:Neurosurgery 3333:René Le Fort 3313:Luc Chikhani 3161:Facial Cleft 3055:. 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