998:
820:
662:
1014:
870:
1056:
687:
888:
935:
1068:
742:
1038:
46:
1026:
67:
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968:
703:
911:
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781:
758:
726:
947:
804:
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429:) was built around 1200 in the center of the courtyard. It was a circular structure with a diameter of 15.6 m and 30 m tall, with walls 4.25 m thick at the base. It was surrounded by a ditch, 9 m wide and 6 m deep. This ditch was dry (not a water-filled moat) and paved with large irregular stones. It was crossed by a
412:. The fortress was nearly squared in plan (78 m by 72 m), surrounded by a 10 m wide moat filled with water from the nearby Seine river. It was reinforced by ten defensive towers, on the corners and at the middle of each side, with twin towers defending narrow gates on the southern and eastern sides, protected by
533:
on 24, 26 and 27 July 1526, during which he demonstrated his authority and decided to take back his kingdom and make the Louvre castle his main residence in Paris. As a symbol of his authority, he ordered the demolition of the dungeon in 1528 in order to build an
Italian style palace. In 1546, he
437:. It also had a well and a large tank for supporting long sieges, as well as a chapel inside. The choice of a round rather than squared or rectangular keep was for military reasons, because attackers could more easily sap the wall at the angles of squared towers compared to circular towers.
997:
975:
During the 19th century, it was found that the dungeon, along with two of the four walls were not completely demolished, but instead the stones from the walls were taken down to fill ditches in preparation for construction of the Louvre Palace.
548:
continued the work by Pierre Lescot. Between
December 1546 and March 1549, he had the west wall destroyed to build a ballroom and the south wall to erect the royal pavilion (1553–1556), which housed the royal apartments and the small gallery.
934:
661:
610:
in French), also had a military function by establishing a covered walkway between the Louvre and the
Tuileries outside the city walls. Henry IV created this walkway in case he needed to flee on horseback during a riot.
819:
686:
983:, the bases of the keep and the two walls were cleared. A major excavation campaign resulted in the discovery of hundreds of everyday life objects. They are now accessible to the public in a collection named
499:
who controlled Paris, entered the city. In
December 1420, the English occupied the Louvre Castle without a fight. There, they found a Paris ruined by civil war and scarcity and stayed there until 1436.
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602:
on the base of the existing Lescot wing. The surface was four times the size of the original medieval court. Some buildings between the two palaces were also destroyed. This project, named
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1924:
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1025:
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1939:
1734:
1699:
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Louis XIII demolished the northern part of the medieval enclosure in order to extend the Lescot wing in this direction, providing symmetry. The eastern part was demolished by
369:) in the mid-18th century if not later. Therefore, the distinction between a Louvre "castle" in the Middle Ages and "palace" in the modern era is no more than a recent usage.
416:. Two additional buildings housing the garrisons and the arsenals were located outside of the surrounding wall, to the west and south of the central courtyard, respectively.
971:
One of the walls of the castle preserved in the
Medieval Louvre. This is the wall facing the city with the support pillar of the drawbridge, the main entrance to the Louvre.
1013:
1055:
455:. The Louvre became a residence intermittently during the troubled times of the 14th century. By the mid-14th century, Paris had grown well beyond the walls of Philip II.
1744:
910:
643:
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757:
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1944:
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he had built around Paris. Over time it was expanded but was generally demolished above ground in stages between 1528 and 1660 to make way for expanding the
1694:
1929:
1639:
826:
468:
1091:
Called "Medieval Louvre" by Hanser 2006, pp. 14–15; Erlande-Brandenburg 1996. "Louvre médiéval" by Pérouse de
Montclos 1994, p. 284; Christ 1949, p. 9.
1067:
1919:
1298:
922:
851:
1754:
1037:
571:, the Louvre became a space for royalty, a place of entertainment and the theater of historical events such as the marriage of the future King
1934:
702:
1949:
467:. Soon after becoming king, Charles initiated a major transformation of the Louvre into a prestigious royal residence. His architect
66:
478:
added upper floors, windows, turrets, sculpted decoration, and gardens. Charles V repurposed the northwest tower, formerly known as
1909:
946:
674:
97:
1904:
556:
continued the development of the south wing for her apartments. From 1564 onwards, she prioritised the construction of the new
940:
Model of the Louvre after
Charles V's transformation, placed in 1989 in the underground spaces displaying the castle's remains
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had new rooms built in 1230–1240 without any real defensive purpose, including a ceremonial room that was later known as the
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52:
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1959:
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During his reign, Henry IV destroyed the remaining elements on the south side, including the moat, in order to build the
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1598:
596:
in French) connecting the Louvre and the
Tuileries. This was completed in 1610. He also began the construction of the
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1348:
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45:
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and held prisoner. During his captivity, the court interfered with the King's decisions using its
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327:), as its modern successor still is. It was also qualified in medieval times as a fortress (
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484:(Falconry), into the first French Royal Library containing over nine hundred manuscripts.
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Remains of the Louvre's basement level, restored and opened to the public in the 1980s
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to build a modern palace in the spirit of the
Renaissance architecture, with a large
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wanted to protect his capital Paris against invasions, especially from
English-held
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1299:"Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle/Escalier"
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991:) and the objects found during the excavations (small games, jugs, flasks, ...).
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https://www.templedeparis.fr/2013/09/13/la-grosse-tour-premier-donjon-de-paris/
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The castle from the south and Seine river around the year 1200, as imagined by
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http://www.templedeparis.fr/2013/09/13/la-grosse-tour-premier-donjon-de-paris/
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The Louvre evolved gradually away from its initial purely military function.
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Another view of the Louvre in 1380 as reconstructed by Hoffbauer (ca.1880)
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http://www.richesheures.net/epoque-6-15/chateau/75louvre-description.htm
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Le Louvre et les Tuileries: Histoire architecturale d'un double palais
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1193:"Paris Ă l'Ă©poque de Philippe Auguste, Le Louvre de Philippe Auguste"
630:
459:
had started building a new city wall further to the west, which King
404:. He ordered the construction of a new city wall, known since as the
319:
The medieval complex was generally referred to simply as the Louvre (
544:
and ceremonial rooms. After the death of Francis in 1547, his son
400:
less than 100 km away, with memories still lingering of the
313:
277:
293:
614:
In order to establish his power, on 24 April 1617 the young
1925:
Buildings and structures in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
420:
928:
The Louvre in 1622 as reconstructed by Hoffbauer (ca.1880)
626:, at the entrance gate connecting the castle to the city.
523:
in French). In addition, the faculty of theology and the
1940:
Buildings and structures demolished in the 17th century
1105:
1343:, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove.
463:(1364-1380) brought to completion, later known as the
1296:
50:
The castle in the 15th century as illustrated in the
1436:
1168:"Chateau du Louvre, XIIe, XIVe siecle – Description"
527:started to show some independence. The King held a
987:which features the lower room (today known as the
735:(1856; oriented south on top and north at bottom)
1891:
1408:http://philippe-auguste.com/en/ville/louvre.html
1369:PĂ©rouse de Montclos, Jean-Marie, editor (1994).
1337:(1996). "Palais du Louvre", vol. 24, p. 161, in
692:The Louvre seen from the south, pictured in the
1120:
1061:Pottery unearthed during the 1980s excavations
857:Viollet-le-Duc's reconstructed section of the
1497:
1468:
825:Reconstruction of the medieval Louvre by the
1945:Demolished buildings and structures in Paris
1482:
1400:http://www.francebalade.com/paris/louvre.htm
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953:
876:
858:
717:
503:
479:
450:
424:
352:
312:For the etymology of the name "Louvre", see
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1290:
1003:First excavation of the medieval Louvre by
1930:Buildings and structures completed in 1202
1475:
1461:
1358:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
1140:
1138:
1136:
962:
1219:"La Grosse Tour, premier donjon de Paris"
1123:"Une histoire du Louvre au XVIIIe siècle"
1019:The 1980s excavation of the Louvre's keep
1920:17th-century disestablishments in France
1287:
1101:
1099:
1097:
966:
1187:
1185:
1133:
875:Viollet-le-Duc's reconstruction of the
552:After the death of Henry II, his widow
1892:
1268:
1160:
731:Map of the Louvre under Charles V, by
1456:
1262:
1211:
1110:, vol. I, Paris: Louvre / Fayard
1106:Geneviève Bresc-Bautier, ed. (2016),
1094:
633:to allow for the construction of the
231:(England occupies Paris in 1420–1436)
73:
1935:Houses completed in the 13th century
1273:. France: For Dummies. p. 444.
1182:
670:Altarpiece of the Parlement de Paris
408:, which was started in 1190 on the
361:was still referred to as a castle (
13:
652:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
440:
53:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
16:Demolished castle in Paris, France
14:
1981:
1859:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
1393:
560:and the establishment of a large
1715:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
1439:
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491:, English soldiers commanded by
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44:
1950:Ruined castles in ĂŽle-de-France
1599:Napoleon III's Louvre expansion
1313:
1146:"Le Louvre de Philippe Auguste"
1121:Pascal Bernard (1 April 2014).
979:During the construction of the
747:Map of the medieval Louvre, by
694:Pietà of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
1910:1200s establishments in France
1735:Edmond Jean Baptiste Guillaume
1725:Louis-Tullius-Joachim Visconti
1700:Auguste Cheval de Saint-Hubert
1660:Jacques Androuet II Du Cerceau
1297:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1854).
1237:
1114:
1085:
1073:Dominoes, dice and other games
895:Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer
788:Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer
786:Map of the Louvre in 1595, by
765:Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer
763:Map of the Louvre in 1380, by
581:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
235:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1:
1905:1202 establishments in Europe
952:Recent computer model of the
622:, the favorite of his mother
388:Before his departure for the
1554:Petite Galerie of the Louvre
1371:Le Guide du patrimoine Paris
402:Viking siege of Paris in 845
191:Ferdinand, Count of Flanders
7:
667:The Louvre pictured in the
649:The Louvre pictured in the
383:
264:), also referred to as the
10:
1986:
1960:Royal residences in France
1335:Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain
406:Wall of Philip II Augustus
379:Wall of Philip II Augustus
376:
372:
311:
1867:
1846:
1837:
1807:
1781:
1772:
1720:FĂ©lix Louis Jacques Duban
1632:
1531:
1522:
1488:
1354:Hanser, David A. (2006).
1323:. Paris: Éditions "Tel".
718:Plans and reconstructions
504:Demolition and rebuilding
197:Estates General of France
183:
175:
164:
156:
151:
143:
138:
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91:
60:
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1690:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
1483:The Louvre and Tuileries
1225:(in French). 8 July 2016
1078:
495:, who was allied to the
341:demeure royale du Louvre
211:Charles IV of Luxembourg
1745:Victor-Auguste Blavette
1624:Louvre Inverted Pyramid
1403:(in English and French)
1271:Le Louvre pour les nuls
1269:Soulié, Daniel (2010).
963:Excavations and remains
423:named the "big tower" (
307:
219:Sigismund of Luxembourg
1356:Architecture of France
1045:
972:
954:
877:
859:
534:charged the architect
521:(right of remonstrance
481:Tour de la Fauconnerie
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366:
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261:
113:48.860247°N 2.338002°E
1799:Théâtre des Tuileries
1574:Pavillon de l'Horloge
1340:The Dictionary of Art
1319:Christ, Yvan (1949).
970:
843:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
733:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
426:Grosse Tour du Louvre
223:Charles V of Habsburg
215:Manuel II Palaiologos
1854:Musée de l'Orangerie
1839:Jardin des Tuileries
1774:Palais des Tuileries
1730:Hector-Martin Lefuel
1685:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
1510:The Louvre Abu Dhabi
1249:Patrimoine de France
1223:Maison des Templiers
1049:photographed in 2014
811:Louis-Pierre Baltard
554:Catherine de' Medici
518:droit de remontrance
333:forteresse du Louvre
1965:Philip II of France
1815:Philibert de l'Orme
1705:Jean-Arnaud Raymond
1650:Pierre II Chambiges
1619:Carrousel du Louvre
1373:. Paris: Hachette.
710:Merian map of Paris
696:, late 15th century
579:, which led to the
569:Henry III of France
510:Francis I of France
357:). Conversely, the
296:, to reinforce the
286:Philip II of France
209:Visits of Emperors
202:Birth and death of
170:Philip II of France
118:48.860247; 2.338002
109: /
1847:Sections in detail
1794:Pavillon de Marsan
1782:Sections in detail
1695:Maximilien Brebion
1589:Pavillon de Marsan
1532:Sections in detail
1199:on 19 January 2016
1108:Histoire du Louvre
973:
893:Reconstruction by
841:Reconstruction by
680:, mid-15th century
577:Margaret of Valois
573:Henry IV of France
562:Renaissance garden
546:Henry II of France
525:Parlement of Paris
493:Henry V of England
489:Hundred Years' War
461:Charles V the Wise
229:Hundred Years' War
168:French kings from
1915:Châteaux in Paris
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1833:
1832:
1789:Pavillon de Flore
1768:
1767:
1665:Jacques Lemercier
1640:Raymond du Temple
1579:Galerie d'Apollon
1564:Pavillon de Flore
1518:
1517:
1280:978-2-7540-1404-5
1046:Salle Saint-Louis
989:Salle Saint-Louis
541:hĂ´tel particulier
514:defeated at Pavia
469:Raymond du Temple
465:Wall of Charles V
452:Salle Saint-Louis
367:château du Louvre
262:Château du Louvre
250:
249:
1977:
1955:Palaces in Paris
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1843:
1779:
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1675:François d'Orbay
1594:Louvre Colonnade
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1524:Palais du Louvre
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1195:. Archived from
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635:Louvre Colonnade
624:Marie de' Medici
608:the Grand Design
604:le Grand Dessein
558:Tuileries Palace
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477:
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354:manoir du Louvre
349:hostel du Louvre
204:John I of France
189:Imprisonment of
139:Site information
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1750:Camille Lefèvre
1710:Charles Percier
1680:Claude Perrault
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1549:Pavillon du Roi
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1505:The Louvre-Lens
1490:Musée du Louvre
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985:Medieval Louvre
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343:), or mansion (
335:, royal abode (
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274:Louvre médiéval
266:Medieval Louvre
242:Concino Concini
133:Medieval castle
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1559:Grande Galerie
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1825:Louis Le Vau
1820:Jean Bullant
1740:Gaston Redon
1670:Louis Le Vau
1609:Grand Louvre
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1197:the original
1172:. Retrieved
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152:Site history
51:
1584:Salon Carré
1569:Cour Carrée
1544:Lescot Wing
1432:(in French)
1424:(in French)
1416:(in French)
1170:(in French)
1148:(in French)
898: [
813:around 1800
791: [
768: [
673: [
599:Cour Carrée
497:Burgundians
487:During the
472: [
414:drawbridges
284:) begun by
193:(1214-1226)
116: /
92:Coordinates
1894:Categories
1868:Architects
1808:Architects
1633:Architects
1387:1075437769
1303:Wikisource
955:Grande Vis
878:Grande Vis
860:Grande Vis
616:Louis XIII
431:drawbridge
410:right bank
377:See also:
290:right bank
240:Murder of
176:Demolished
101:48°51′37″N
1760:I. M. Pei
1329:905451047
904:(ca.1880)
797:(ca.1880)
774:(ca.1880)
631:Louis XIV
618:murdered
583:in 1572.
508:In 1525,
394:Philip II
325:le Louvre
298:city wall
280:(French:
276:), was a
179:1528–1660
160:From 1190
147:destroyed
144:Condition
104:2°20′17″E
1254:12 March
1245:"Donjon"
1229:12 March
1203:12 March
1174:12 March
1152:12 March
447:Louis IX
398:Normandy
384:Fortress
27:Part of
1007:in 1866
655:, 1410s
373:History
292:of the
288:on the
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567:Under
363:French
345:French
337:French
329:French
321:French
314:Louvre
278:castle
270:French
258:French
244:(1617)
237:(1572)
225:(1540)
206:(1316)
199:(1303)
184:Events
1079:Notes
902:]
795:]
772:]
677:]
575:with
476:]
294:Seine
157:Built
1383:OCLC
1375:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1325:OCLC
1275:ISBN
1256:2019
1231:2019
1205:2019
1176:2019
1154:2019
1043:The
512:was
421:keep
308:Name
252:The
129:Type
351:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
