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of the home and was the only entrance. The only external wood would be the doorway which would often be decorative; the doorway would lead into the hall which would commonly have a great fire. Another interesting aspect of the
Icelandic turf house was the introduction of attached toilets, which were communal, and the act of going to the attached toilet was often done in large groups. The floor of a turf house could be covered with wood, stone or earth depending on the purpose of the building. They also had a fireplace that would be in the center of the house heating and lighting the whole house. Over time, the turf houses changed in size which directly related to their purpose and status of the owner. The turf house tradition was brought over by to Iceland by Nordic settlers where it originated from Northern Europe. Few settlers still know the practice of building turf to date and the true origins of the development of the turf building practice have been lost to time.
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curved shape that creates a self-supporting structure. While most structures were created in this upside-down boat-looking shape, there were various shapes and styles of boating houses depending on the area and size of the boat being housed. The walls were made of wood with stones piled up underneath and for the foundation. Occasionally vertical beams were built along the inside of the building to add additional support. Due to the size of the boats (approx. 25-30m long,15m wide, and 5m high) the boathouses had to be large enough to accommodate the ships. During the summer seasons when the boating houses were no longer in use, Vikings used these structures for feasts and even royal festivals on occasion. Furthermore, the ship and its naust could be used to present the social standing of owner. Each held one ship only, but many boathouses could be built beside one another if multiple ships needed to be housed.
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of their surrounding geography to enhance defensive strength. Curiously, the true nature and purpose of these buildings are not well understood as there was a lack of documentation surrounding the buildings. The most commonly accepted theory is that these fortresses were built by
Bluetooth to not only show his strength and sovereign power but as an attempt to combine and establish a proper and unified kingdom under his rule. The complexity and size of the structures show that there had to be an extreme centralized power to establish them and keep them functioning. However, due to the turmoil of the time period with various power struggles, these structures were most likely very difficult to maintain, leading to them falling into disuse within a mere decade.
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frames on simple stone footings. Walls were constructed of planks, of logs, or of wattle and daub. The walls were curved inwards to create a boat-like shape similar to the boating houses. The walls were covered with clay and vertical poles lined the inside to help create support. Multiple internal posts were built for further support. The roofs were thatched or slanted. Within the house there was a fireplace and flat beds along the wall for sitting or sleeping. If the owner did not have stables, the animals were housed in stalls at the end of the longhouse.
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community. The architecture of the early structures was fairly simple and similar to other structures of the community. As time progressed the design became much more like that of a church with staggered and multi-layer roofs. The entrance to the ritual houses had ornamental designs. Rituals were completed outside the structure as it often involved burning and sacrifice of animals; due to this, the
Vikings developed the outside of the houses to be ornamental rather than focusing on interior decoration.
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122:. The roofs were often multi-layered, and they usually had a tower or spire in the middle of the highest layer of the roof. They were built of wood, and had stone walls around the base. The design for the stave churches most likely developed from ritual houses. But the inside was highly decorated with intricate designs. Most of these designs depict Jesus, a cross, or the disciples.
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strap-work paneling showcases Viking tradition along with the carvings in the walls displaying fighting animals. The decorations are an essential connection between the pre-Christian Nordic traditions and the later
Christianity of the Middle ages as well as representing the artistic style of Scandinavian culture.
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would have a large foundation made of flat stones; upon this was built a wooden frame which would hold the load of the turf. The turf would then be fitted around the frame in blocks often with a second layer, or in the more fashionable herringbone style. The doorway was place on the longitudinal side
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Throughout the Norse lands, people lived in longhouses (langhús), which were typically 5 to 7 meters (16 to 23 ft) wide and anywhere from 15 to 75 meters (49 to 246 ft) long, depending on the wealth and social position of the owner. In much of the Norse region, the longhouses were built around wooden
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The structures themselves are built in a specific geometric way to ensure defensive power and strength. Each fortress was built in a precise circular shape hence "ring fortress". There were four main gates located equidistant from each other with ramps located with each gate connected by roads. There
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in
Denmark; they have been dated to the reign of Harald "Bluetooth" of Denmark (died 986 CE). The fortresses are Trelleborg, Aggersborg, Fyrkat, Nonnebakken,and Borgring. Of these five, Trelleborg has been the best preserved and is unique as it contains a fortified ward. The fortresses made use
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Hospitality was an important tradition for
Vikings and travelers could be put up in longhouses. Banquets were held frequently to celebrate various festivals, as well as weddings and funerals. Specific banquets were held to teach proper etiquette as well as promoting hospitality and how a host should
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moved Oslo west and ordered that all buildings in the city be built of stone or brick to prevent fires. Also to prevent fires, the streets were wide and met at right angles. After a time, the King allowed the people to “build half-timbered structures," which has the timber frame visible on both the
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Before
Christianity made its way to the Vikings and Scandinavia, it was a primarily pagan community. This required ritual houses which were not only religious buildings, but in earlier times were also used as a way to display the weapons of defeated enemies, showing the strength of the warriors and
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and any time they could not sail. They were usually built a few meters back from the waterline making it easy to move to ships to and from the water. Ruts were dug into the ground to accommodate the keel of the boat to make transportation easier. The roof rafters came all the way to the ground in a
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One of the most popular stave churches as recognized by UNESCO is the Urnes Stave Church, located in
Sognefjord, Norway, which is still in use today. The space utilizes Romanesque styles in wooden form rather than the common stone material. It contains semi-circular columns and curved arches. The
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that are arranged to complement the geometric structure of the ring fortress. Outer ramparts were created from wood and dirt and The largest of the fortresses was
Aggersborg.
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378:2023-12-01
341:2023-12-01
301:2023-12-01
276:2023-12-01
252:2023-12-01
230:References
83:longhouses
40:Christians
36:boathouses
1331:Dravidian
1290:Neomodern
1254:High-tech
1234:Brutalism
1227:1950–2000
1171:Stalinist
1104:Mycenaean
1092:1900–1950
930:Byzantine
906:Ukrainian
891:Naryshkin
856:Edwardian
829:1750–1900
800:Palladian
795:Manueline
788:1500–1750
663:1000–1500
603:Muscovite
590:Byzantine
538:Classical
526:Mycenaean
503:Neolithic
247:Avaldsnes
1343:Japanese
1321:Colonial
1309:Regional
1259:Arcology
1198:Art Deco
1188:Futurism
1131:De Stijl
1034:Romanian
952:Egyptian
947:Colonial
901:Siberian
711:Islamic
680:Ottonian
675:Galician
585:Sasanian
553:Herodian
533:Etruscan
267:"UNESCO"
202:See also
1380:Spanish
1375:Russian
1316:Chinese
1136:Bauhaus
1039:Russian
1017:Britain
999:Moorish
982:Baroque
972:Mission
918:British
881:Petrine
876:Maltese
871:Italian
861:English
836:Baroque
735:Ottoman
730:Timurid
695:Hoysala
691:Indian
630:Fatimid
625:Abbasid
620:Moorish
615:Umayyad
610:Islamic
517:Aegean
1385:Somali
1365:Newari
1348:Korean
1326:Indian
1218:Googie
1124:Cubism
1109:Modern
1009:Pueblo
987:Rococo
957:Gothic
866:French
841:Andean
815:Mughal
752:Gothic
725:Mamluk
685:Norman
521:Minoan
145:fodder
56:winter
1336:Hindu
1054:Tudor
962:Mayan
851:Dutch
846:Czech
769:Aztec
764:Incan
1358:Maya
1166:Nazi
820:Sikh
191:Oslo
185:Oslo
34:are
495:BCE
1402::
396:.
371:.
334:.
294:.
269:.
245:.
461:e
454:t
447:v
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406:.
381:.
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