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gallery. The inside is divided into two rooms, one behind the other. On the back there is another platform. The whole building is raised on short stilts about half a metre off the ground. The front platform is used for general activities while the covered gallery is the favorite place for the men to host guests, and where the men usually sleep. The following first room is entered by a door and contains a central communal hearth and a place for dancing. There are also places for religious and ritual objects and activities. In the adjoining room the women and their small children as well as unmarried daughters sleep, usually in compartments divided into families. The platform on the back is used by the women for their everyday activities. Visiting women usually enter the house here.
611:
as defence against enemy attacks. Some longhouses are quite large; up to 1152m. The entire architecture is designed and built as a standing tree with branches to the right and left with the front part facing the sunrise while the back faces the sunset. The longhouse building acts as the normal accommodation and a house of worship for religious activities. The entry could double as a canoe dock. Cooling air could circulate underneath the raised floor of the dwelling, and the elevated living areas were more likely to catch above-ground breezes. Livestock could shelter underneath the longhouses for greater protection from predators and the elements. In fact, chickens coops were hung from the main room structure for easy feeding.
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31:
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in the roof. Two families shared each hearth. Each longhouse would house several generations of an extended family; a house was built proportionately to the number of families it was expected to contain and might be lengthened over time to accommodate growth. It is possible to infer the population of
412:
The longhouses inhabited by the
Iroquois were wood boards/bark-covered structures of standardized design "in the shape of an arbor" about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) wide providing shelter for several related families. The longhouse had a 3-metre-wide (9.8 ft) central aisle and 2-metre-wide
610:
in the past, as otherwise hardly related people have come to build their dwellings in similar ways. One may observe similarities to South
American jungle villages also living in large single structures. They are raised and built over a hill, flooding presents little inconvenience and the height acts
1318:
from 1912. Somewhat pov as can be expected for the time and quite wrong on some ethnic points, still a good source for the architecture of the time and other things like clothing. Seems to center on the Kayan within
Sarawak with regards to the difference to other groups. (Gutenberg project complete
678:
is also described as a longhouse on stilts. Some five to ten families may live in each, but they are organized differently inside from those on Borneo. From front to back, such a house, called an "uma", regularly consists of an open platform serving as the main entrance place, followed by a covered
253:
As skills and wealth have increased; after 1500 many had built in settles, most by 1700 would have been adapted and have: separate buildings for livestock, a second storey, stairways, a chimney with bread oven, an outshut (pantry/larder/dairy which was only accessible from inside the house), glazed
1267:
Basic school book keeping the language simple and explaining things so children unaware of the world outside of their village can easily understand. Yet, as school books often are, very rich in information. On page 100 is a drawing of a longhouse (cut open) with a detailed description. Some of the
605:
in Malay. Common to most of these is that they are built raised off the ground on stilts and are divided into a more or less public area along one side and a row of private living quarters lined along the other side. This seems to have been the way of building best accustomed to life in the
512:
started raising their buildings on stilts, so that the inner partitions and arrangements are somewhat obscure. The size of the buildings and their placement within the settlements may point to buildings for the nobles of their society or some sort of community or religious buildings. In
614:
Old longhouses in Asia were made of tree trunks as structure members, long leaves as the roof cover, split bamboo or small tree trunks as the flooring and tree bark as the wall coverings. In the past, longhouses were primarily made out of timber sourced from trees such as
750:
with big families of many generations, sometimes 40â50 people. All household members pool their labor force, contribute their income, share the expenditure and use one kitchen. Traditionally, their houses are built entirely using natural materials such as
374:
or grain to be stored in dry conditions. This development may have been driven because the weather became wetter over time. Good examples of these houses have been preserved, some dating back to the 16th century. The longhouse was 50 to 60 feet long.
233:
As glass was not available until the middle of the 16th century, they were oriented loosely East West with openings (for a door and latticed unglazed windows) only in the South wall to provide the maximum shelter from the worst weather and catch the
246:
The cross passage (often misnamed as a breezeway did not pass right through the building) establishes distinct areas for people in one half of the house and livestock in the other, but would only be needed for a couple of months at most in the
508:, longhouses have been found that date to circa 1100â850 BC. Their layout seems to be similar to those of the Iroquois. In these, several fireplaces were arranged along the longitudinal axis of the building. Later, the ancient
413:(6.6 ft) compartments, about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) long, down each side. The end compartments were usually used for storage. Hearths were spaced about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) apart down the aisle, with
1179:
370:, with its variant, the Frisian house. With these house types the wooden posts originally rammed into the ground were replaced by posts supported on a base. The large and well-supported attic enabled large quantities of
625:) so the longhouses were able to stand firm and durable. In modern times many of the older longhouses have been replaced with buildings using more modern materials, like brick or cement, but of similar design.
719:) that may be 30 to 40 metres (98 to 131 ft) long. In contrast to the jungle versions of Borneo these sport shorter stilts and seem to use a veranda in front of a short (gable) side as main entrance.
1176:
1138:
1346:
1312:
Dense study of schizophrenia, but includes two pages of "2. Longhouse architecture: Ruai, bilik and sadau", with a plan view and elevation view; and detailed references.
213:, are often typified by the use of cruck construction. It is built along a slope, and a single passage gives access to both human and animal shelter under a single roof.
1248:â Borneo Literature Bureau Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Printed in Hong Kong by Dai Nippon Printing Co. (Int.) Ltd. â with translations to Malay, Iban and Chinese (
230:
There are many places on and around Exmoor where if you trace a stream up to its source you find a spring and an adjacent
Longhouse, being a preferred location.
135:
around 5000 BCE, 7,000 years ago. These were farming settlements built in groups of six to twelve longhouses; they were home to large extended families and kin.
914:
250:
There was a fire pit, sometimes with a stone reredos, (Hendreâr-ywydd Uchaf
Farmhouse, Denbighshire) the smoke rose to the eaves and passed through the thatch.
1202:
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390:
384:
91:
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the lower parts of the walls are formed from rough stone in mud pointing with cob above, as before the 17th century lime cement were virtually unknown.
1090:
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35:
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is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including
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The floors were not made a true level. Livestock used the lower end. A hole is often provided in the base of the end wall for mucking out.
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865:
1255:
Short introduction text followed by the photo section (ca. 170) with quite detailed descriptions to each photo in the four languages.
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1326:
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coast in the third or fourth century BCE and may be the ancestors of several medieval house types such as the
Scandinavian
1338:
219:
Some can be dated using dendrochronology to before 1400, but sites can be much older and have names with a Saxon origin.
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95:
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1103:
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911:
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of ancient Taiwan built longhouses and practiced head hunting, as did, for example the later Dayaks of Borneo.
436:
43:
2732:
2262:
1522:
650:
An uma, the traditional communal house of the
Sakuddei on the island of Siberut, part of the Mentawai Islands
39:
1590:
2727:
2267:
1740:
1109:
1416:
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of central Brazil build a series of longhouses in circular formations forming round villages. The ancient
358:
were the Low German house in northern and especially northwestern
Germany and its northern neighbour, the
227:
A single-story building, one room deep, laid out as two crucked bays a cross passage and two crucked bays.
1693:
964:
935:
692:
404:
2995:
2796:
408:
Interior of a Salish longhouse, British
Columbia, 1864. Watercolour by Edward M. Richardson (1810â1874)
397:(Haudenosaunee) in the northeast, and a similarly shaped structure which arose independently among the
2801:
2616:
1196:
Park, hill migration and changes in household livelihood systems of Rana Tharus in Far-western Nepal.
19:
This article is about the communal dwelling. For longhouses as a place to urinate and defecate, see
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2082:
1627:
882:
2154:
2149:
3107:
3017:
2189:
1956:
1775:
1708:
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76:
and often represent the earliest form of permanent structure in many cultures. Types include the
1284:
308:), is very similar to the western British type with shared livestock quarters and central drain.
180:
3195:
3069:
2675:
2566:
2554:
2250:
1991:
1830:
1467:
1401:
1385:
1304:"Space, repetition and collective interlocution: Psychiatric interviews in a Borneo longhouse"
305:
2934:
2870:
2744:
2437:
2363:
2137:
2132:
2070:
2009:
1946:
1894:
1887:
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have "Long" in their name (which means river) and most of these are or once were longhouses.
617:
538:
312:
174:
2319:
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3151:
3146:
3129:
3124:
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2892:
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2459:
2351:
2255:
2048:
1733:
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862:
501:
124:
111:
77:
1703:
1045:
8:
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3190:
2855:
2660:
2493:
2026:
1899:
1780:
1755:
1240:
For the longhouses in
Sarawak on Borneo, these books were used as sources, among others:
752:
712:
534:
497:
1303:
1264:â Borneo Literature Bureau. Printed in Hong Kong by Dai Nippon Printing Co. (Int.) Ltd.
3141:
3044:
2946:
2759:
1941:
1671:
1637:
735:
367:
194:
24:
216:
There are dozens of pre-1600 Longhouses remaining on Exmoor and the surrounding area.
3183:
3173:
3163:
3112:
2769:
2687:
1981:
1966:
1951:
1931:
1822:
1801:
1612:
1455:
1222:
1099:
842:
812:
586:
359:
320:
1022:
3178:
3085:
2828:
2611:
2411:
2331:
2287:
2087:
1909:
1760:
1720:
663:
561:
159:
147:
2670:
2626:
1069:
106:
3059:
3029:
2791:
2719:
2697:
2655:
2550:
2520:
2385:
2380:
2031:
1914:
1485:
1206:
1183:
1167:
Delft/ZĂŒrich: Volkenkundig Museum Nusantara/Museum Rietberg.(1979/80) and others.
1160:
1076:
1065:
1029:
918:
869:
566:
468:
541:
group seems to have spread to southeast Asia and the Pacific islands as well as
146:; the English, Welsh, and Scottish longhouse variants; and the German and Dutch
3168:
3095:
2917:
2882:
2813:
2702:
2574:
2282:
1867:
1857:
1678:
1659:
806:
293:
281:
190:
132:
128:
883:"Flying Past â The Historic Environment of Cornwall: The Medieval Countryside"
3225:
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2985:
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2860:
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2633:
2515:
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2004:
1745:
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1502:
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641:
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550:
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build a round hut with a thatched roof that has a hole in the middle, called
460:
448:
66:
1595:
2973:
2929:
2910:
2865:
2665:
2589:
2346:
2341:
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1924:
1806:
1770:
1750:
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1580:
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80:
of Europe, the Norman Medieval Longhouses that evolved in Western Britain (
3022:
154:
3012:
3002:
2958:
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2905:
2843:
2806:
2779:
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2368:
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2102:
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1936:
1904:
1852:
1785:
1622:
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518:
464:
355:
1315:
521:, the large longhouses, 29 and 26 metres long, are situated between the
3156:
3049:
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2823:
2786:
2749:
2645:
2232:
2144:
1971:
1872:
1845:
1765:
1563:
1517:
1428:
1396:
1285:
Inside Austronesian Houses: Perspectives on domestic designs for living
1135:"Discovering Sarawak's Kayan tribe through a 'secret' harvest festival"
578:
542:
522:
514:
418:
an Iroquois town from the sizes and number of longhouses it contained.
414:
324:
267:
163:
86:
3064:
2833:
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2416:
2401:
2326:
2227:
2112:
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2038:
1961:
1840:
1728:
1654:
1421:
1411:
768:
756:
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342:
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windows, lime screed floors and at least some decorative plasterwork.
139:
138:
The Germanic cattle-farmer longhouses emerged along the southwestern
1165:
Speelgoed voor de zielen: Kunst en cultuur van de Mentawai-eilanden.
301:
2838:
2774:
2621:
2579:
2314:
2222:
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1919:
1882:
1862:
800:
655:
622:
533:
The longhouse may be an old building tradition among the people of
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394:
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202:
20:
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1976:
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115:
1316:
The Pagan Tribes of Borneo by Charles Hose and William McDougall
331:), which spread along the North Sea coast to the east and north.
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2336:
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1585:
1553:
1527:
789:
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629:
607:
574:
546:
456:
297:
167:
73:
62:
803:, a similar structure built by the MÄori people of New Zealand
666:
some 130 kilometres (81 mi) to the west off the coast of
459:
traditionally combine a household in a single long house. The
3034:
2754:
2488:
2442:
2304:
2159:
2107:
1683:
1649:
779:
743:
739:
505:
206:
198:
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in Indonesia (specifically the western parts of Borneo) and
2980:
2941:
2421:
2277:
2207:
2127:
1999:
1512:
784:
58:
1329:
View a North American longhouse village, Ontario, Canada.
1293:
listing of some of the ethnic groups of Sarawak, Malaysia.
354:
Further developments of the Germanic longhouse during the
2292:
2058:
2016:
573:
Many of the inhabitants of the Southeast Asian island of
371:
841:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. p. 34.
30:
1098:. Matson Museum of Archaeology, Penn State University.
389:
In North America two groups of longhouses emerged: the
1332:
Exhibitions & Galleries: World Culture Galleries:
385:
Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America
1068:
by Christian Lassure, with a translation in English
797:, a similar building built by communities in Vanuatu
467:
of the Brazilian coast used to do this as well. The
110:
A reconstructed Viking chieftain's longhouse at the
1250:
Pendiau Dirumah Panjai â Kehidupan Di-Rumah Panjang
839:
Worlds Together, Worlds Apart concise edition vol.1
809:, a Paleo-Eskimo culture that also built longhouses
925:, Y Cymmrodor XLVII, London 1940, Iorwerth C Peate
746:. Most of them prefer living in longhouses called
430:Exterior and cutaway view of an Iroquois longhouse
1177:Vietnamese description of the NhĂ dĂ i of the Ă ÄĂȘ
479:, which could be considered a sort of longhouse.
399:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
323:which probably influenced the development of the
150:. The longhouse is a traditional form of shelter.
3223:
1260:Dickson, M.G. (Third edition (revised) 1968).
711:also have a tradition of building longhouses (
350:Medieval development of the Germanic longhouse
127:type was introduced with the first farmers of
1370:
1268:photos are from Hedda Morrison; see her book
1302:Robert J. Barrett (file dated 6 May 2004),
1244:Morrison, Hedda. (Fifth impression 1974).
593:, live traditionally in buildings known as
1384:
1377:
1363:
565:A modern timber longhouse at Sungai Asap,
525:cemetery and the rest of the settlement.
393:of the tribes usually connected with the
1287:with long sections on Borneo longhouses.
1059:L'Architecture Vernaculaire de la France
1007:
992:
923:The Welsh House, A Study In Folk Culture
686:
645:
560:
403:
179:
153:
105:
29:
3252:Indigenous architecture of the Americas
836:
391:Native American/First Nations longhouse
3224:
1219:Approaches to sustainable development.
94:built by different cultures among the
2548:
2187:
1453:
1358:
1010:Oak Furniture â The British Tradition
237:They are often dug into the hillside,
223:Longhouses on Exmoor are typically: -
2549:
1217:Auty, R.M., Brown, K. (eds.) (1997)
1141:from the original on October 6, 2019
1092:Mohawk Valley Archaeology: The Sites
1088:
1082:
912:The Dartmoor Longhouse Poster (pdf)
13:
1310:1(1) (2004), pp. 25–34.
1278:
175:medieval longhouse types of Europe
158:Reconstructed Viking longhouse in
96:indigenous peoples of the Americas
23:. For the religious movement, see
14:
3263:
2501:Megalithic architectural elements
1351:(Haida potlatches and longhouses)
537:origin or intensive contact. The
442:Interior of an Iroquois longhouse
2188:
1334:Gallery of Canada: First Peoples
893:from the original on 15 May 2016
872:at the English Heritage website.
654:A traditional house type of the
435:
423:
3120:Evolutionary origin of religion
1235:
1221:Pinter, London and Washington.
1211:
1188:
1170:
1153:
1127:
1052:
1034:
993:Harrison, Rev. William (1577).
975:from the original on 2022-11-10
946:from the original on 2022-11-09
1016:
1001:
986:
957:
928:
905:
875:
855:
830:
259:The northwest England type in
44:University of British Columbia
1:
2733:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2263:British megalith architecture
1299:Kenyah-Kayan traditional art.
823:
2728:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2268:Nordic megalith architecture
1308:Communication & Medicine
969:britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
887:www.historic-cornwall.org.uk
7:
1012:. Antique Collectors' Club.
863:Medieval Peasant Long-house
837:Pollard, Elizabeth (2015).
762:
378:
209:, where it is known as the
10:
3268:
2876:British Isles and Brittany
2797:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
1339:Collections & Research
682:
639:
635:
382:
184:Dartmoor granite longhouse
92:various types of longhouse
18:
3078:
2891:
2718:
2565:
2561:
2544:
2430:
2394:
2243:
2200:
2196:
2183:
1990:
1821:
1794:
1719:
1645:
1636:
1541:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1392:
1008:Chinnery, Victor (1979).
691:A Mnong longhouse in the
658:people, on the island of
556:
528:
266:The Scottish longhouse, "
101:
3237:Architecture in Malaysia
1341:Online image collection.
1042:"Blackhouse in Scotland"
995:A Description of England
940:Archaeology Data Service
722:
517:, an excavation site in
487:
319:that developed into the
177:that have survived are:
38:-style longhouse at the
3247:Vernacular architecture
3108:Evolutionary musicology
2511:Oldest extant buildings
2438:Archaeological features
1957:Prepared-core technique
1198:University of Adelaide
818:Vernacular architecture
775:Indigenous architecture
482:
276:The Western French or
84:) and Northern France (
36:Pacific Northwest Coast
3070:Unchambered long cairn
2918:Mound Builders culture
2251:Neolithic architecture
1386:Prehistoric technology
1348:The Potlatch Longhouse
1262:Sarawak and its People
965:"Listed Buildings Map"
716:
696:
651:
570:
447:In South America, the
409:
185:
170:
119:
46:
40:Museum of Anthropology
2745:List of Stone Age art
1947:Microblade technology
1895:Langdale axe industry
1493:Ard / plough
1048:on December 31, 2009.
771:, a related structure
690:
649:
618:Eusideroxylon zwageri
579:Indonesian Kalimantan
564:
539:Austronesian language
407:
313:Old Frisian longhouse
183:
157:
109:
72:Many were built from
33:
3152:Prehistoric medicine
3147:Prehistoric counting
3130:Prehistoric religion
3125:Paleolithic religion
3103:Behavioral modernity
2460:Causewayed enclosure
2352:Abri de la Madeleine
1476:Neolithic Revolution
1323:Royal Ontario Museum
1182:May 5, 2009, at the
1023:Longhouse in Cumbria
755:poles for walls and
628:Many place names in
502:Mumun pottery period
334:The Scandinavian or
125:Neolithic long house
112:Lofotr Viking Museum
78:Neolithic long house
3191:Prehistoric warfare
1937:Magdalenian culture
1900:Levallois technique
1831:Earliest toolmaking
1297:Borneo (Kalimantan)
1270:Life in a Longhouse
1246:Life in a Longhouse
1115:on January 14, 2017
1089:Snow, Dean (1995).
545:from the island of
498:archaeological site
3142:Origin of language
3135:Spiritual drug use
3045:Rectangular dolmen
2947:Dartmoor kistvaens
2760:Carved stone balls
2472:Circular enclosure
2431:Other architecture
2374:Alp pile dwellings
1962:Solutrean industry
1873:Gravettian culture
1523:Secondary products
1205:2011-09-28 at the
1075:2008-11-16 at the
1064:2009-03-11 at the
1028:2011-10-02 at the
917:2012-05-29 at the
868:2023-07-14 at the
697:
652:
571:
549:. Groups like the
410:
195:Dartmoor longhouse
186:
171:
120:
47:
25:Longhouse Religion
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3164:Prehistoric music
3113:music archaeology
2770:Cup and ring mark
2595:Clothing/textiles
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
1982:Yubetsu technique
1967:Striking platform
1932:Lithic technology
1817:
1816:
1802:Game drive system
1721:Projectile points
1613:Mortar and pestle
1327:longhouse village
1194:Lam, L.M. (2009)
861:Description of a
813:Kampong (village)
693:Central Highlands
587:Brunei Darussalam
360:Geestharden house
321:Frisian farmhouse
34:A North American
3259:
3179:Divje Babe flute
3086:Archaeoastronomy
2829:Petrosomatoglyph
2563:
2562:
2546:
2545:
2395:Water management
2198:
2197:
2185:
2184:
2088:Denticulate tool
1910:Lithic reduction
1643:
1642:
1464:
1463:
1451:
1450:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1200:full text as pdf
1192:
1186:
1174:
1168:
1159:As described by
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1137:. June 3, 2019.
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1108:. Archived from
1097:
1086:
1080:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1044:. Archived from
1038:
1032:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1005:
999:
998:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
936:"Cruck Database"
932:
926:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
879:
873:
859:
853:
852:
834:
664:Mentawai Islands
439:
427:
148:Low German house
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3207:
3074:
3060:Stone box grave
3030:Megalithic tomb
2935:Cotswold-Severn
2887:
2792:Guardian stones
2720:Prehistoric art
2714:
2557:
2532:
2521:Timber trackway
2426:
2390:
2386:Wattle and daub
2239:
2218:Standing stones
2192:
2171:
1986:
1813:
1790:
1715:
1632:
1542:Food processing
1537:
1486:New World crops
1458:
1445:
1388:
1383:
1311:
1281:
1279:Further reading
1238:
1233:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1207:Wayback Machine
1193:
1189:
1184:Wayback Machine
1175:
1171:
1161:Reimar Schefold
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1077:Wayback Machine
1066:Wayback Machine
1057:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1030:Wayback Machine
1021:
1017:
1006:
1002:
991:
987:
978:
976:
963:
962:
958:
949:
947:
934:
933:
929:
919:Wayback Machine
910:
906:
896:
894:
881:
880:
876:
870:Wayback Machine
860:
856:
849:
835:
831:
826:
765:
738:to the western
725:
685:
644:
638:
597:or longhouses:
567:Belaga, Sarawak
559:
531:
490:
485:
469:Yanomami people
443:
440:
431:
428:
387:
381:
352:
339:Langhus/LĂ„nghus
306:Pyrenees AriĂšge
272:taighean-dubha.
104:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3265:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3169:Alligator drum
3161:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3096:lunar calendar
3093:
3082:
3080:
3079:Other cultural
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2883:Venus figurine
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2814:Megalithic art
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2767:
2765:Cave paintings
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2567:Material goods
2559:
2558:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2285:
2283:Cliff dwelling
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1868:Fire hardening
1865:
1860:
1858:Clovis culture
1855:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1781:Manis Mastodon
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1660:throwing stick
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1472:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1320:
1313:
1306:(pdf format).
1300:
1294:
1288:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1210:
1187:
1169:
1152:
1126:
1104:
1081:
1051:
1033:
1015:
1000:
985:
956:
927:
904:
874:
854:
847:
828:
827:
825:
822:
821:
820:
815:
810:
807:Dorset culture
804:
798:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
764:
761:
724:
721:
684:
681:
662:, part of the
640:Main article:
637:
634:
558:
555:
530:
527:
489:
486:
484:
481:
471:of Brazil and
455:and northwest
445:
444:
441:
434:
432:
429:
422:
383:Main article:
380:
377:
351:
348:
347:
346:
332:
309:
282:Lower Brittany
274:
264:
257:
256:
255:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
235:
231:
228:
225:
220:
214:
197:' variants in
152:
151:
136:
133:Western Europe
103:
100:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3264:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Simple dolmen
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:Passage grave
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:Gallery grave
2984:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:Burial mounds
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Statue menhir
2859:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2849:Stone carving
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:Sewing needle
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Timber circle
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2465:Tor enclosure
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2453:fulacht fiadh
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:spear-thrower
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:Bow and arrow
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Grinding slab
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Domestication
1506:
1504:
1503:Digging stick
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:Founder crops
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:New Stone Age
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1228:
1227:1-85567-439-4
1224:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1111:
1107:
1105:0-9647913-0-7
1101:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1004:
996:
989:
974:
970:
966:
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848:9780393250930
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759:for roofing.
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669:
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648:
643:
642:Uma longhouse
633:
631:
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624:
620:
619:
612:
609:
604:
603:rumah panjang
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:East Malaysia
580:
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554:
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548:
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461:Xingu peoples
458:
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449:Tucano people
438:
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296:(also in the
295:
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70:
68:
67:North America
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
16:Type of house
2996:wedge-shaped
2981:Funeral pyre
2974:Great dolmen
2930:Chamber tomb
2911:Round barrow
2866:Stone circle
2738:Blombos Cave
2666:Grooved ware
2590:Chalcolithic
2494:Thornborough
2412:Flush toilet
2347:Blombos Cave
2342:Rock shelter
2309:
2298:Quiggly hole
2190:Architecture
2165:illustration
1807:Buffalo jump
1628:Storage pits
1591:AĆıklı HöyĂŒk
1581:Ground stone
1417:Subdivisions
1347:
1307:
1269:
1261:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:Bibliography
1218:
1213:
1195:
1190:
1172:
1164:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1110:the original
1091:
1084:
1054:
1046:the original
1036:
1018:
1009:
1003:
994:
988:
977:. Retrieved
968:
959:
948:. Retrieved
939:
930:
922:
907:
895:. Retrieved
886:
877:
857:
838:
832:
747:
733:ethnic group
726:
698:
671:
653:
627:
616:
613:
602:
599:rumah betang
598:
572:
535:Austronesian
532:
491:
446:
411:
388:
353:
338:
328:
316:
277:
271:
222:
210:
189:The Western
173:Some of the
172:
143:
85:
81:
71:
54:
50:
48:
3232:House types
3018:unchambered
3013:Long barrow
3003:Grave goods
2959:Court cairn
2954:Clava cairn
2906:Bowl barrow
2844:Rock cupule
2787:Golden hats
2780:Hill figure
2681:Unstan ware
2661:Cord-marked
2526:Sweet Track
2448:Burnt mound
2369:Stilt house
2357:Sibudu Cave
2150:Tally stick
2118:Quern-stone
2103:Hammerstone
2093:Fire plough
2064:Pesse canoe
2022:Bannerstone
1992:Other tools
1905:Lithic core
1853:Aurignacian
1741:Bare Island
1623:Quern-stone
595:Lamin House
519:South Korea
465:Tupi people
415:smoke holes
356:Middle Ages
162:, north of
90:), and the
3242:Rumah adat
3226:Categories
3157:trepanning
3050:Ring cairn
3008:Jar burial
2991:transepted
2923:U.S. sites
2824:Petroglyph
2750:Bird stone
2708:wine press
2381:Stone roof
2364:Roundhouse
2256:long house
2233:Stonehenge
2201:Ceremonial
2145:Stone tool
1972:Tool stone
1942:Metallurgy
1846:Mousterian
1823:Toolmaking
1761:Cumberland
1734:Transverse
1704:Schöningen
1596:Qesem cave
1564:Earth oven
1518:Irrigation
1429:Technology
1397:Prehistory
1291:Population
1145:October 6,
979:2022-11-10
950:2022-11-09
824:References
736:indigenous
729:Rana Tharu
713:Vietnamese
695:of Vietnam
543:Madagascar
523:megalithic
515:Igeum-dong
366:including
325:Gulf house
268:blackhouse
164:Gothenburg
55:long house
3201:symbolism
3065:Tor cairn
3023:GrĂžnsalen
2964:Cremation
2856:Sculpture
2834:Pictogram
2819:Petroform
2639:amber use
2607:Cosmetics
2417:Reservoir
2402:Check dam
2332:Pueblitos
2327:Pit-house
2310:Longhouse
2244:Dwellings
2113:Microlith
2044:Bow drill
2039:Bone tool
2032:prismatic
1841:Acheulean
1756:Cresswell
1729:Arrowhead
1655:Boomerang
1571:Granaries
1533:Terracing
1412:Stone Age
921:See also
769:Housebarn
676:Indonesia
621:(Bornean
494:Daepyeong
473:Venezuela
368:Schleswig
343:mead hall
327:(German:
191:Brittonic
140:North Sea
51:longhouse
2839:Rock art
2802:painting
2775:Geoglyph
2600:timeline
2580:Beadwork
2320:Mehrgarh
2315:Mudbrick
2223:megalith
2098:Fire-saw
1920:debitage
1915:analysis
1883:Hand axe
1863:Cupstone
1441:Glossary
1402:Timeline
1203:Archived
1180:Archived
1139:Archived
1073:Archived
1062:Archived
1026:Archived
973:Archived
944:Archived
915:Archived
897:16 March
891:Archived
866:Archived
801:Wharenui
763:See also
748:Badaghar
672:Sumatera
656:Sakuddei
623:ironwood
453:Colombia
395:Iroquois
379:Americas
329:Gulfhaus
317:Langhuis
304:and the
286:Normandy
203:Cornwall
118:, Norway
21:Outhouse
3196:Symbols
2807:pigment
2693:Weaving
2656:Cardium
2651:Pottery
2646:Mirrors
2634:Jewelry
2575:Baskets
2555:culture
2407:Cistern
2213:Pyramid
2155:Weapons
2133:Scraper
2123:Racloir
2083:Cleaver
2071:Chopper
1977:Uniface
1888:Grooves
1878:Hafting
1836:Oldowan
1795:Systems
1746:Cascade
1709:woomera
1699:harpoon
1672:history
1638:Hunting
1618:Pottery
1559:Cooking
1468:Farming
1434:history
1407:Outline
795:Nakamal
717:nhĂ dĂ i
709:Vietnam
683:Vietnam
668:Sumatra
660:Siberut
636:Siberut
589:), the
510:Koreans
500:of the
477:shabono
364:Jutland
290:Mayenne
261:Cumbria
247:winter.
144:langhus
129:Central
116:Lofoten
87:LongĂšre
42:at the
3174:flutes
2969:Dolmen
2893:Burial
2703:winery
2676:Linear
2506:Midden
2484:Cursus
2477:Goseck
2337:Pueblo
2288:Dugout
2273:Burdei
1952:Mining
1776:Lamoka
1771:Folsom
1751:Clovis
1608:Metate
1586:Hearth
1554:Basket
1528:Sickle
1225:
1119:May 2,
1102:
845:
790:Wigwam
757:thatch
731:is an
630:Borneo
608:jungle
575:Borneo
557:Borneo
551:Siraya
547:Taiwan
529:Taiwan
457:Brazil
336:Viking
302:LozĂšre
298:Cantal
211:TĆ· Hir
205:, and
168:Sweden
102:Europe
82:TĆ· Hir
74:timber
65:, and
63:Europe
3091:sites
3035:Mummy
2755:Cairn
2671:JĆmon
2622:shoes
2617:Hides
2489:Henge
2443:Broch
2305:Jacal
2160:Wheel
2108:Knife
2054:Canoe
2049:Burin
2027:Blade
1925:flake
1786:Plano
1694:baton
1684:Spear
1650:Arrow
1603:Manos
1456:Tools
1319:text)
1113:(PDF)
1096:(PDF)
780:Igloo
744:Nepal
740:Terai
723:Nepal
701:Mnong
591:Dayak
577:(now
506:Korea
496:, an
488:Korea
294:Anjou
280:from
270:" or
207:Wales
199:Devon
3184:gudi
2942:Cist
2871:list
2698:Wine
2627:Ătzi
2612:Glue
2585:Beds
2553:and
2551:Arts
2422:Well
2278:Cave
2208:Kiva
2138:side
2128:Rope
2076:tool
2010:bone
2000:Adze
1766:Eden
1679:Nets
1549:Fire
1513:Goad
1498:Celt
1223:ISBN
1147:2019
1121:2016
1100:ISBN
1070:here
899:2018
843:ISBN
785:Tipi
753:reed
727:The
705:Rade
703:and
699:The
585:and
483:Asia
341:and
311:The
234:sun.
131:and
123:The
59:Asia
2293:Hut
2228:row
2059:Oar
2017:Axe
2005:Awl
1252:).
742:of
707:of
674:),
504:in
492:In
451:of
372:hay
362:in
315:or
160:Ale
114:in
53:or
3228::
1325::
1163:,
971:.
967:.
942:.
938:.
889:.
885:.
715::
581:,
401:.
300:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
201:,
166:,
98:.
69:.
61:,
49:A
1378:e
1371:t
1364:v
1272:.
1149:.
1123:.
1079:.
997:.
982:.
953:.
901:.
851:.
670:(
569:.
345:.
263:.
193:'
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
