725:
906:
570:
1036:
31:
483:
1063:
82:
57:
1051:
465:
is a small to medium sized, spreading tree which usually grows to a height of 8–15 m (30–50 ft) high and a spread of 5–10 m (20–30 ft) but is sometimes as tall as 25 m (80 ft). Young growth is hairy with long and short, soft hairs. The leaves are arranged alternately and
888:
Recent studies comparing specific leaf area of invasive exotic plants with exotic non-invasive plants and native plants in relation to disturbances have shown that invasive have a larger specific leaf area than the other plants. This allows for faster growth, these results held up by many supporting
399:. It grows as a spreading tree up to 20 m (70 ft) tall, with its trunk covered by a white, beige and grey thick papery bark. The grey-green leaves are egg-shaped, and cream or white bottlebrush-like flowers appear from late spring to autumn. It was first formally described in 1797 by the
880:
bloom five times throughout the year, with individual branches supporting three out of the five. Each flower part can drop about 30–70 small seed capsules which can be viable for almost ten years. It was determined that each capsule contained about 200–300 seeds, dropping rapidly and can be found
469:
The flowers are arranged in spikes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. The spikes contain 5 to 18 groups of flowers in threes and are up to 40 mm (2 in) in diameter and 20–50 mm (0.8–2 in) long. The petals are
992:
is often used as a street tree or planted in public parks and gardens, especially in Sydney. In its native
Australia, it is excellent as a windbreak, screening tree and food source for a wide range of local insect and bird species. It can tolerate waterlogged soils. It is regarded by the
474:
are white, cream-coloured or greenish and are arranged in 5 bundles around the flower, with 5 to 10 stamens per bundle. Flowering occurs from spring to early autumn, September to March in
Australia. Flowering is followed by fruit which are woody, broadly cylindrical
819:
done by Pratt et al. (2005) showing that damage by herbivores reduced success in the following season as the reproductive structures declined by 80% with 54% less fruits. Biocontrol agents that have been released in
Florida are the
556:
The common names broad-leaved paperbark, broad-leaved tea tree or simply paperbark or tea tree are used in
Australia, and punk tree is used in the United States. It is known as niaouli, itachou (paicî) and pichöö (xârâcùù) in
776:
has been classified by the United States
Department of Agriculture as a noxious weed in six US states (Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Oklahoma and Texas), as well as federally. It is an abundant
643:
are housing developments, roads, sugar cane and pine plantations. Remnants in
Australia are not protected in reserves, with majority of its woodland located in private property where clearing continues.
808:
trees held 5,000 seeds with less than 20 viable, and
Florida Melaleucas contained 13,000 seeds, with greater than 1,200 viable. So without a predator reducing the amount of reproductive structures in
685:, and has been recorded flowering within weeks of being burnt. Trees can live for over 100 years, with 40-year-old trees achieving a trunk circumference of 2.7 m (9 ft) in cultivation.
516:
853:
is constantly thinning itself of small branches and twigs and this causes many seeds to fall all the time along with the litter, so it is always dispersing its potential offspring.
889:
studies have allowed Lake and
Leishman to infer that invasive species are so successful because of their skill for fast growth, and greater capacity to capture and retain space.
639:
of western New
Caledonia, scattered trees dotting the grassland habitat and its spread through this landscape might have been facilitated by human fire regimes. Major threats to
815:
The release from natural enemies will cause the invasive exotic plant to evolve, improving its performance in the new area. This idea is supported by the results of a study on
466:
are flat, leathery, lance-shaped to egg-shaped, dull or grey-green, 55–120 mm (2–5 inches) long and 10–31 mm (0.4–1 inch) wide, three to eight times as long as wide.
965:
and shelters and for wrapping baked food and lining ground ovens. The nectar is extracted traditionally by washing in coolamons of water which is subsequently consumed as a
804:
trees in
Australia and Southern Florida found that the viability and amount of seeds found in Australia were lower when compared to those in Florida. Australian
2046:
Lake JC, Leishman MR (2004). "Invasion success of exotic plants in natural ecosystems: the role of disturbance, plant attributes and freedom from herbivores".
1447:
479:, 2.5–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and clustered, spike-like along the branches. Each capsule contains many tiny seeds which are released annually.
2955:
1896:
849:
will establish to make use of the extra light. In physically disturbed sites, flourishing invaders have high colonisation abilities. For example,
2581:
973:
depending on the district. It is strongly flavoured and candies readily. It is not regarded as a high-quality honey but nevertheless is popular.
2677:
2659:
1837:
Zedler, J. B.; Kercher, Suzanne (2004). "Causes and consequences of invasive plants in wetlands: Opportunities, opportunists, and outcomes".
1277:
861:, and canal affected areas. The climate in south Florida is similar to that in its native Australia, beginning with geographic locations at
766:
on the west coast. The species is mainly found in the more frost-free areas of south Florida and only rarely in the warmer coastal areas of
2910:
742:. There were two major introductions, one by J. Gifford to the East Coast in 1907, and one by A.C. Andrews to the west coast in 1912. The
2313:
1913:
Rayamajhi, M. B.; Van, T. K.; Center, T. D.; Goolsby, J. A.; Pratt, P. D.; Racelis, A. (2002). "Biological attributes of the canopy-held
778:
2711:
2190:
1470:
876:
has almost been pre-adapted for south Florida. Fire thrives in these environments and seed dispersal is displaced when fire occurs.
2920:
2830:
2506:
1042:
1035:
2843:
2607:
2532:
1739:
1730:
994:
743:
451:
2004:
Padovan, A.; Keszei, A.; Koellner, T. G.; Degenhardt, J.; Foley, W. J. (2010). "The molecular basis of host plant selection in
2638:
2099:
Ireland, B.F.; D.B. Hibbert; R.J. Goldsack; J.C. Doran; J.J. Brophy (2002). "Chemical variation in the leaf essential oil of
1616:
Meskimen, G. F. (1962). "A silvical study of the melaleuca tree in south Florida". Univ. FL, Gainesville, FL. MS Thesis: 177.
1767:
in Florida: a literature review on the taxonomy, distribution, biology, ecology, economic importance and control measures".
2612:
1082:
919:
have been shown to occur in distinct chemical forms. These forms or chemotypes are characterised by the organic compounds
1938:"A biogeographical approach to plant invasions: the importance of studying exotics in their introduced and native range"
592:. It grows in seasonally inundated plains and swamps, along estuary margins and is often the dominant species. In the
2950:
2930:
2363:
2278:
2253:
2228:
2177:
1480:
1321:
1199:
438:
grows in swamps, on floodplains and near rivers and estuaries, often on silty soil. It has become naturalised in the
2763:
2664:
2519:
2945:
2568:
1970:
2130:
Moharram, F. A. (2003). "Polyphenols of Melaleuca quinquenervia leaves - pharmacological studies of grandinin".
2940:
1663:
Wheeler, G; K.M. Ordung (2006). "Lack of an induced response following fire and herbivory of two chemotypes of
1257:
1227:
2861:
2729:
1062:
830:(melaleuca psyllid). These insects are native to Australia and serve to reduce the growth and reproduction of
1735:
781:. Its unchecked expansion in South Florida is one of the most serious threats to the integrity of the native
628:
1020:
to work as an antiseptic and antibacterial agent, to help with bladder infections, respiratory troubles and
885:
appear to be well adapted to wet/dry seasonal climates and can even germinate underwater on soil substrate.
2925:
2498:
2410:
620:
1883:
University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin
2935:
2804:
2594:
2400:
2395:
2382:
487:
321:
2848:
2537:
1721:
1574:
Lepschi BJ (1993). "Food of some birds in eastern New South Wales: additions to Barker & Vestjens".
2856:
2724:
1786:
755:
2073:
Van, T. K.; Rayachhetry, M. B.; Center, T. D.; Pratt, P. D. (2002). "Litter dynamics and phenology of
1159:
1134:
503:
404:
215:
81:
2768:
2633:
2472:
1634:
1534:
329:
307:
2651:
724:
2436:
763:
751:
693:
2716:
692:
for other organisms, including fruit bats, a wide range of insect and bird species, such as the
2586:
2493:
2325:
1508:
C.E., Turner; T. D. Center; D. W. Burrows; G. R. Buckingham (1998). "Ecology and management of
701:
682:
521:
219:
2625:
905:
1890:
1621:
1521:
1088:
767:
709:
604:
198:
2690:
1250:
Bottlebrushes, paperbarks & tea trees, and all other plants in the Leptospermum alliance
931:. Chemotype 2 has high concentration of cyclic foliar terpenes, in particular sesquiterpene
797:, alteration of soil resources, reducing native habitat value and changing the fire regime.
608:). It grows in silty or swampy soil and plants have grown in acid soil of pH as low as 2.5.
2560:
2444:
1877:
Mazzotti, FJ, Center TD, Dray FA, Thayer D (1997). "Ecological consequences of invasion by
612:
525:
1012:
is used in a variety of cosmetic products especially in Australia. The oil is reported in
8:
1194:. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 302–303.
866:
862:
759:
585:
499:
46:
2485:
2305:
1364:
1111:
865:
about halfway between Lake Okeechobee and the tip of mainland Florida; in Australia the
2915:
2882:
2750:
2703:
2155:
1854:
1388:
1337:
1222:(2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 238–239.
793:
causes severe ecological impacts, including displacing native species, modification of
616:
598:
569:
227:
76:
2374:
2116:
2059:
1695:
2817:
2685:
2418:
2274:
2249:
2224:
2173:
2147:
2025:
1990:
1954:
1937:
1680:
1476:
1317:
1253:
1223:
1195:
962:
2159:
2021:
1975:
influences the biomass and fecundity of the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa"
893:
has definitely been shown to have these traits, such as in the Everglades where the
738:
was introduced into Florida as early as 1900 when specimens were first planted near
2887:
2822:
2755:
2423:
2139:
2112:
2055:
2017:
1986:
1949:
1858:
1846:
1676:
1583:
1129:
1017:
739:
651:
476:
415:
392:
2387:
923:. Chemotype 1 has acyclic foliar terpenes, with concentrations of sesquiterpene E-
30:
2809:
2795:
2524:
678:
589:
482:
427:
119:
2297:
2698:
2348:
822:
655:
535:
106:
2172:
Cribb, A.B. & J.W., Useful Wild Plants in Australia, Collins 1982, p. 23,
2003:
1850:
1050:
632:
2904:
2620:
1507:
1468:
1311:
1120:
1069:
1005:
858:
558:
411:
66:
61:
1648:
Rothra, E.O. (1972). "John Clayton Gifford on preserving tropical Florida".
1512:, an invader of wetlands in Florida, USA. Wetlands Ecology and Management".
2874:
2742:
2599:
2151:
2029:
932:
511:
339:
2098:
1876:
1548:
1314:
Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation:Volume 6 – K-M
857:
is also capable of living in disturbed habitats such as improved pasture,
2646:
2545:
2357:
897:
population increased 50-fold between the early 1970s and the late 1990s.
244:
1417:
872:
Both regions have subtropical to tropical climate. As a result of this,
845:. If there is a canopy gap created by a flood or some other disturbance
470:
about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and fall off as the flower ages. The
2835:
2511:
439:
431:
423:
2550:
1587:
800:
An experiment comparing the quantity of seeds held in the canopies of
2480:
2457:
2143:
1702:. University of Florida – Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
1448:"Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae"
1013:
946:
940:
935:
with 13-66% of total oil. Chemotype 2 also includes monoterpenes 1,8-
924:
794:
782:
750:
around the areas where they were originally introduced: southwest of
530:
419:
400:
396:
284:
175:
165:
2319:
2869:
2789:
2737:
2672:
2342:
966:
928:
663:
636:
619:
and Papua New Guinea. It is widespread in New Caledonia, including
155:
132:
2573:
2462:
624:
2431:
1021:
998:
936:
920:
842:
786:
443:
325:
2449:
980:
689:
659:
593:
471:
145:
1190:
Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013).
986:
The timber is tolerant of being soaked and is used in fences.
970:
838:
834:
by feeding on young expanding leaves and phloem of the tree.
553:, "vein", referring to the leaves usually having five veins.
543:
273:
93:
447:
258:
1811:
Laroche FB, Ferriter AP (1992). "The rate of expansion of
1312:
Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake. Trevor (1993).
2072:
1912:
1605:. Hurstville, NSW: National Parks & Wildlife Service.
969:. The scented flower also produces a light to dark amber
789:
marshes in the Everglades turning the area into a swamp.
343:
1881:
in south Florida wetlands: Paradise damaged, not lost".
1469:
Dieter Mueller-Dombois; Francis Raymond Fosberg (1998).
596:
region it grows alongside trees such as swamp mahogany (
1192:
Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses
1555:. Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International
1252:. Pymble, N.S.W.: Angus & Robertson. p. 297.
961:
The paper-like bark is used traditionally for making
1445:
1109:
510:. The description was of a specimen collected "near
1935:
1366:
Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum (Volume 4, No. 1)
837:Punk tree is known for its capability to withstand
1667:and its effect on two biological control agents".
1662:
1603:The biology and management of flying foxes in NSW
1189:
1135:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T49278407A49278461.en
869:lies just north of Brisbane in south Queensland.
391:, is a small- to medium-sized tree of the myrtle
2902:
2312:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
1810:
1758:
1756:
881:170 m from the source tree. The seeds of
654:to many tropical areas of the world, including
2094:
2092:
1762:
1316:. Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. p. 359.
719:
498:The broad-leaved paperbark was first formally
2214:
2212:
1836:
1503:
1501:
1499:
2223:. Melbourne: Hamlyn Australia. p. 262.
2045:
1895:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1753:
2314:United States National Agricultural Library
2089:
2008:by a successful biological control agent".
1832:
1830:
1247:
949:is an ellagitannin also found in leaves of
564:
2248:. Sydney: New Holland Press. p. 238.
2209:
1573:
1496:
1472:Vegetation of the tropical Pacific islands
1412:
1410:
1362:
1271:
1269:
1220:Melaleucas : a field and garden guide
1213:
1211:
55:
29:
2041:
2039:
1953:
1936:Hierro JL, Maron JL, Callaway RM (2005).
1872:
1870:
1868:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1133:
1001:where it was introduced to drain swamps.
927:74–95% of total oil and also monoterpene
2273:. Melbourne: Lothian Press. p. 58.
2243:
2218:
2129:
2123:
1908:
1906:
1827:
1615:
1441:
1439:
1217:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1092:, also commonly called "paper bark tree"
904:
723:
568:
481:
2237:
1968:
1740:United States Department of Agriculture
1731:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1407:
1381:
1284:. Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: plantnet
1266:
1248:Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray (1993).
1208:
995:United States Department of Agriculture
779:exotic invasive plant in the Everglades
744:South Florida Water Management District
2903:
2268:
2036:
1865:
1647:
1330:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1236:
1154:
1152:
688:The flowers serve as a rich source of
2956:Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles
2324:
2323:
2197:. Australian National Botanic Gardens
1917:seeds in Australia and Florida, US".
1903:
1600:
1446:Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998).
1436:
1178:
666:and has become a weed in many areas.
2246:Melaleucas: A Field and Garden Guide
2183:
1714:
1687:
1541:
1083:Invasive plants of Australian origin
2911:IUCN Red List least concern species
2105:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
2079:Journal of Aquatic Plant Management
1919:Journal of Aquatic Plant Management
1817:Journal of Aquatic Plant Management
1769:Journal of Aquatic Plant Management
1356:
1296:
1149:
1121:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1103:
446:, where it is considered a serious
13:
2271:Attracting Wildlife to Your Garden
1839:Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
1693:
1275:
584:occurs along the east coast, from
502:in 1797 by the Spanish naturalist
14:
2967:
2291:
2221:A Field Guide to Australian Trees
1971:"Chemotype variation of the weed
1363:Cavanilles, Antonio Jose (1797).
517:Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum
2862:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:598303-1
2730:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:598073-1
2298:PCA Alien Plant Working Group –
1991:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.10.005
1955:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00953.x
1681:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.05.016
1061:
1049:
1034:
80:
2921:Flora of the Northern Territory
2262:
2191:"Australian Plants as Bonsai -
2166:
2066:
2022:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.013
1997:
1962:
1929:
1804:
1779:
1656:
1641:
1609:
1594:
1567:
1462:
1110:Doran, J.; Thomson, L. (2019).
758:on the east coast and southern
611:Broad-leaved paperbark is also
588:in Queensland to Botany Bay in
1700:– An Invasive Tree of Florida"
997:(USDA) as an invasive weed in
457:
1:
2306:Species Profile - Melaleuca (
2117:10.1016/s0305-1978(01)00112-0
2060:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00294-5
1736:Agricultural Research Service
1096:
698:Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus
1166:. Plants of the World Online
900:
812:it can reproduce unchecked.
7:
1763:Serbesoff-King, K (2003). "
1076:
720:Status in the United States
635:. It is a component of the
528:transferred the species to
493:
10:
2972:
2781:Metrosideros quinquenervia
1340:Metrosideros quinquenervia
1027:
677:resprouts vigorously from
669:
650:has been introduced as an
514:" and it was published in
508:Metrosideros quinquenervia
358:Metrosideros quinquenervia
2779:
2332:
1851:10.1080/07352680490514673
1787:"Melaleuca quinquenervia"
1650:Miami Press, Coral Gables
1475:. Springer. p. 159.
233:
226:
204:
197:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
37:
28:
23:
2951:Plants described in 1797
2931:Flora of New South Wales
1424:. Endemia, New Caledonia
1128:: e.T49278407A49278461.
1043:Brisbane Botanic Gardens
615:in the southern part of
565:Distribution and habitat
375:, commonly known as the
2678:Melaleuca~quinquenervia
2364:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2334:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2308:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2300:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2269:Elliot, Rodger (1994).
2244:Halliday, Ivan (2004).
2219:Halliday, Ivan (1989).
2193:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2101:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2075:Melaleuca quinquenervia
2048:Biological Conservation
2006:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1973:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1879:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1724:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1665:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1551:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1510:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1420:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1391:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1280:Melelauca quinquenervia
1218:Holliday, Ivan (2004).
1162:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1114:Melaleuca quinquenervia
1010:Melaleuca quinquenervia
990:Melaleuca quinquenervia
979:is sometimes used as a
977:Melaleuca quinquenervia
956:
911:Melaleuca quinquenervia
785:. This tree takes over
774:Melaleuca quinquenervia
736:Melaleuca quinquenervia
731:distribution in Florida
729:Melaleuca quinquenervia
716:) consume the flowers.
694:scaly-breasted lorikeet
675:Melaleuca quinquenervia
648:Melaleuca quinquenervia
582:Melaleuca quinquenervia
574:Melaleuca quinquenervia
506:, who gave it the name
504:Antonio José Cavanilles
463:Melaleuca quinquenervia
405:Antonio José Cavanilles
372:Melaleuca quinquenervia
208:Melaleuca quinquenervia
39:Melaleuca quinquenervia
24:Broad-leaved paperbark
2946:Drought-tolerant trees
1969:Wheeler, G.S. (2005).
1629:Cite journal requires
1529:Cite journal requires
913:
732:
706:Pteropus poliocephalus
702:grey-headed flying fox
577:
522:Stanley Thatcher Blake
490:
377:broad-leaved paperbark
2941:Myrtales of Australia
2132:Phytotherapy Research
1791:University of Florida
1089:Melaleuca leucadendra
1041:Red-flowered form in
908:
727:
710:little red flying-fox
641:M. quinquenervia
617:Indonesian West Papua
572:
485:
350:Metrosideros coriacea
314:Melaleuca viridiflora
299:Melaleuca viridiflora
265:Melaleuca leucadendra
251:Melaleuca leucadendra
237:Melaleuca leucadendra
190:M. quinquenervia
2103:(Cav.) S.T. Blake".
2016:(11–12): 1237–1244.
1369:. Madrid. p. 19
909:Chemotypes found in
526:Queensland Herbarium
418:and coastal eastern
2926:Flora of Queensland
2077:in South Florida".
1815:in South Florida".
867:latitude 26º S
863:latitude 26º N
549:meaning "five" and
381:paper bark tea tree
336:Metrosideros albida
47:Conservation status
2936:Trees of Australia
1979:Biological Control
1942:Journal of Ecology
1885:(SS–WEC–123): 1–5.
1669:Biological Control
914:
733:
599:Eucalyptus robusta
578:
491:
281:Melaleuca maidenii
2898:
2897:
2686:Open Tree of Life
2326:Taxon identifiers
1694:Jarvis, BobbiJo.
1588:10.1071/MU9930195
1553:(paperbark tree)"
1276:Wilson, Peter G.
368:
367:
362:
354:
346:
332:
310:
295:
291:Melaleuca smithii
287:
277:
261:
247:
70:
2963:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2772:
2771:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2693:
2681:
2680:
2668:
2667:
2655:
2654:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2628:
2616:
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2602:
2590:
2589:
2577:
2576:
2564:
2563:
2554:
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2541:
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2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2501:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2475:
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2452:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2321:
2320:
2285:
2284:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2144:10.1002/ptr.1214
2127:
2121:
2120:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1910:
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1900:
1894:
1886:
1874:
1863:
1862:
1834:
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1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
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1760:
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1718:
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1709:
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1691:
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1234:
1233:
1215:
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1205:
1187:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1107:
1065:
1053:
1038:
1018:natural medicine
951:M. quinquenervia
917:M. quinquenervia
883:M. quinquenervia
832:M. quinquenervia
679:epicormic shoots
652:ornamental plant
602:) and bangalay (
536:specific epithet
436:M. quinquenervia
430:northwards into
416:Papua New Guinea
360:
352:
338:
320:
305:
293:
283:
271:
257:
243:
210:
85:
84:
64:
59:
58:
33:
21:
20:
2971:
2970:
2966:
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2962:
2961:
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2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2881:
2873:
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2860:
2855:
2847:
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2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2775:
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2702:
2697:
2689:
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2632:
2624:
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2606:
2598:
2593:
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2580:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2557:
2549:
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2531:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2430:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2328:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2217:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2128:
2124:
2097:
2090:
2071:
2067:
2044:
2037:
2002:
1998:
1967:
1963:
1934:
1930:
1911:
1904:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1866:
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1715:
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1692:
1688:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1642:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1599:
1595:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1467:
1463:
1444:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:
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1331:
1324:
1310:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1246:
1237:
1230:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1188:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1030:
959:
903:
828:Boreioglycapsis
722:
672:
590:New South Wales
567:
496:
460:
428:New South Wales
222:
212:
206:
193:
79:
71:
60:
56:
49:
17:
16:Species of tree
12:
11:
5:
2969:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:wfo-0000242571
2879:
2866:
2853:
2840:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2760:
2756:wfo-0000239797
2747:
2734:
2721:
2708:
2695:
2682:
2669:
2656:
2643:
2630:
2617:
2604:
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2292:External links
2290:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2261:
2254:
2236:
2229:
2208:
2182:
2165:
2138:(7): 767–773.
2122:
2111:(5): 457–470.
2088:
2065:
2035:
2010:Phytochemistry
1996:
1985:(2): 121–128.
1961:
1928:
1902:
1864:
1826:
1803:
1778:
1752:
1713:
1686:
1675:(2): 154–161.
1655:
1640:
1631:|journal=
1608:
1601:Eby P (1995).
1593:
1566:
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1531:|journal=
1495:
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1100:
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1074:
1073:
1068:White form in
1067:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1029:
1026:
958:
955:
902:
899:
823:Oxyops vitiosa
764:Collier County
721:
718:
671:
668:
656:Southeast Asia
580:In Australia,
566:
563:
542:) is from the
495:
492:
459:
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2280:0-85091-628-3
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2257:
2255:1-876334-98-3
2251:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2230:0-947334-08-4
2226:
2222:
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2196:
2194:
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2178:0-00-636397-0
2175:
2169:
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2157:
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2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2054:(2): 215–26.
2053:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
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1965:
1956:
1951:
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1924:
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1907:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:(5): 431–52.
1844:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1774:
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1733:
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1666:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1623:
1612:
1604:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1582:(3): 195–99.
1581:
1577:
1570:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1484:
1482:0-387-98313-9
1478:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1423:
1421:
1413:
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1325:
1323:0-85091-589-9
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1300:
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1231:
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1214:
1212:
1203:
1201:9781922137517
1197:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1165:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1070:New Caledonia
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:essential oil
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
984:
982:
978:
974:
972:
968:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
912:
907:
898:
896:
892:
886:
884:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
859:idle farmland
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
826:(weevil) and
825:
824:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
771:
769:
765:
762:and north of
761:
757:
754:and northern
753:
749:
746:has recorded
745:
741:
737:
730:
726:
717:
715:
714:P. scapulatus
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:Isle of Pines
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
606:
605:E. botryoides
601:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
575:
571:
562:
560:
559:New Caledonia
554:
552:
548:
545:
541:
540:quinquenervia
537:
533:
532:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
489:
484:
480:
478:
473:
467:
464:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:New Caledonia
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
359:
356:
351:
348:
345:
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327:
323:
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249:
246:
242:
238:
235:
234:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
211:
209:
203:
200:
199:Binomial name
196:
192:
191:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
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150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Tracheophytes
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
68:
63:
62:Least Concern
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2780:
2333:
2307:
2299:
2270:
2264:
2245:
2239:
2220:
2199:. Retrieved
2192:
2185:
2168:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2051:
2047:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1891:cite journal
1882:
1878:
1842:
1838:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:
1781:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1743:. Retrieved
1729:
1723:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1697:
1689:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1622:cite journal
1611:
1602:
1596:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1550:
1543:
1522:cite journal
1513:
1509:
1486:. Retrieved
1471:
1464:
1455:
1452:Cunninghamia
1451:
1426:. Retrieved
1419:
1397:. Retrieved
1390:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1365:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1339:
1332:
1313:
1286:. Retrieved
1279:
1249:
1219:
1191:
1168:. Retrieved
1161:
1139:. Retrieved
1125:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1087:
1009:
1003:
989:
988:
985:
976:
975:
960:
950:
945:
933:viridiflorol
916:
915:
910:
894:
890:
887:
882:
877:
873:
871:
854:
850:
846:
836:
831:
827:
821:
816:
814:
809:
805:
801:
799:
790:
773:
772:
768:Pasco County
747:
735:
734:
728:
713:
705:
697:
687:
674:
673:
647:
646:
640:
610:
603:
597:
581:
579:
576:in Australia
573:
555:
550:
546:
539:
529:
515:
512:Port Jackson
507:
497:
468:
462:
461:
435:
409:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
370:
369:
357:
349:
335:
317:
313:
303:angustifolia
302:
298:
290:
280:
268:
264:
255:angustifolia
254:
250:
240:
236:
207:
205:
189:
188:
176:
139:
126:
113:
100:
38:
18:
2647:NatureServe
2546:iNaturalist
2358:Wikispecies
1948:(1): 5–15.
1170:6 September
1141:26 November
756:Dade County
621:Grand Terre
520:. In 1958,
486:Habit near
458:Description
403:naturalist
120:Angiosperms
2905:Categories
2704:kew-123857
2699:Plant List
2408:Calflora:
1745:6 February
1706:5 February
1559:5 February
1516:: 165–178.
1428:5 February
1373:5 February
1288:5 February
1259:0207168679
1229:1876334983
1097:References
760:Lee County
488:Woolgoolga
440:Everglades
432:Queensland
424:Botany Bay
410:Native to
318:rubriflora
2916:Melaleuca
2796:Q39280836
2499:250026503
2481:FloraBase
1915:Melaleuca
1813:Melaleuca
1775:: 98–112.
1765:Melaleuca
1698:Melaleuca
1458:(4): 969.
1014:herbalism
963:coolamons
947:Grandinin
941:terpineol
925:nerolidol
901:Chemistry
895:Melaleuca
891:Melaleuca
878:Melaleuca
874:Melaleuca
855:Melaleuca
851:Melaleuca
847:Melaleuca
817:Melaleuca
810:Melaleuca
806:Melaleuca
802:Melaleuca
795:hydrology
791:Melaleuca
783:ecosystem
748:Melaleuca
586:Cape York
531:Melaleuca
500:described
420:Australia
397:Myrtaceae
385:punk tree
294:R.T.Baker
285:R.T.Baker
220:S.T.Blake
184:Species:
177:Melaleuca
166:Myrtaceae
90:Kingdom:
2875:22107330
2870:Tropicos
2790:Wikidata
2743:22101758
2738:Tropicos
2673:NSWFlora
2652:2.132725
2626:49278407
2587:11854019
2574:598073-1
2349:Q1813408
2343:Wikidata
2160:45936055
2152:12916075
2085:: 22–27.
2030:20554297
1925:: 87–91.
1823:: 62–65.
1488:17 March
1077:See also
967:beverage
929:linalool
921:terpenes
843:droughts
787:sawgrass
683:bushfire
664:Americas
662:and the
637:savannah
494:Taxonomy
477:capsules
269:coriacea
228:Synonyms
162:Family:
156:Myrtales
133:Eudicots
67:IUCN 3.1
2836:3175613
2634:MoBotPF
2512:5415832
2450:2508582
2432:Ecocrop
1859:1837791
1796:23 June
1399:23 July
1348:23 July
1028:Gallery
1022:catarrh
999:Florida
937:cineole
752:Broward
740:Orlando
700:). The
670:Ecology
547:quinque
534:. The
524:of the
472:stamens
450:by the
444:Florida
422:, from
401:Spanish
389:niaouli
326:Brongn.
322:Pancher
306:(L.f.)
276:) Cheel
172:Genus:
152:Order:
94:Plantae
65: (
2849:433271
2769:594788
2712:PLANTS
2691:457009
2665:164942
2639:282857
2551:120527
2538:105723
2473:melqui
2470:FEIS:
2401:455640
2388:110793
2372:AoFP:
2277:
2252:
2227:
2201:15 May
2176:
2158:
2150:
2028:
1857:
1479:
1395:. APNI
1344:. APNI
1320:
1256:
1226:
1198:
981:bonsai
939:and α-
839:floods
708:) and
690:nectar
681:after
660:Africa
613:native
594:Sydney
551:nervus
393:family
340:Sieber
328:&
308:Byrnes
241:albida
146:Rosids
2823:42JYJ
2810:66025
2764:WoRMS
2613:27228
2600:34348
2582:IRMNG
2558:IPA:
2486:48990
2463:MLAQU
2424:3Z42S
2411:12670
2156:S2CID
1855:S2CID
971:honey
625:Belep
544:Latin
353:Poir.
316:var.
301:var.
274:Poir.
267:var.
253:var.
245:Cheel
239:var.
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
2857:POWO
2844:GRIN
2831:GBIF
2805:APNI
2725:POWO
2717:MEQU
2660:NCBI
2621:IUCN
2608:ITIS
2569:IPNI
2561:2783
2533:GRIN
2520:GISD
2507:GBIF
2458:EPPO
2437:1431
2396:BOLD
2383:APNI
2275:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2203:2020
2174:ISBN
2148:PMID
2026:PMID
1897:link
1798:2023
1747:2009
1708:2017
1635:help
1561:2017
1535:help
1490:2011
1477:ISBN
1430:2017
1401:2015
1375:2017
1350:2015
1318:ISBN
1290:2017
1254:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1172:2021
1143:2022
1126:2019
1056:Bark
1016:and
1004:The
957:Uses
841:and
633:Maré
631:and
452:USDA
448:weed
361:Cav.
330:Gris
259:L.f.
216:Cav.
2883:WFO
2818:CoL
2751:WFO
2595:ISC
2494:FNA
2445:EoL
2419:CoL
2140:doi
2113:doi
2056:doi
2052:117
2018:doi
1987:doi
1950:doi
1847:doi
1677:doi
1584:doi
1576:Emu
1130:doi
1008:of
442:in
426:in
387:or
344:DC.
342:ex
324:ex
2907::
2885::
2872::
2859::
2846::
2833::
2820::
2807::
2792::
2766::
2753::
2740::
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2649::
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2597::
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2571::
2548::
2535::
2525:45
2522::
2509::
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2483::
2460::
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2421::
2398::
2385::
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2360::
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2154:.
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2134:.
2109:30
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2091:^
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1983:36
1981:.
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1946:93
1944:.
1940:.
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