Metz Cathedral - Knowledge

847: 835: 1298: 1263: 1381: 2934: 2459: 46: 549: 1420: 1248: 725: 2540: 616: 2377: 2513: 1531: 1369: 1519: 2694:. The first, in Bay 17 of the west of the north transept, made between 1958 and 1961, depicts Genesis and the creation, the original sin, and the expulsion from Eden. Two additional groups were made for two bays in the north disambulatory (bays 11 and 9). They were made between 1961 and 1967, and depict Old Testament scenes, including Moses receiving the Ten Commandments, the Sacrifice of Abraham, the Burning Bush, and other events. The final series done by Chagall was created between 1968 and 1970 in the west triforium. These windows are "Grand Bouquet", a composition of birds and flowers and a rainbow on a background of nacre (Bays 111 and 113) and "Petit Bouquet" (Bays 107–109). 1753: 1491: 1467: 1357: 2365: 2899: 1673: 1579: 1334: 808: 2570: 1661: 2597: 2887: 749: 2585: 2631: 1646: 1455:

belonged to the original collegiate built in 1207. It is capped by an octagonal belfry and an open pyramid, which were added in 1896. The exterior of this tower features an angel holding a sundial, decorated with the coat of arms of the city, and the date 1504. This tower formally belonged to the city of Metz, and contains a second set of cathedral bells. The largest bell, which sounds the hours, was made in 1413, and weighs 2000 kilograms; a smaller bell sounds the quarter hours, and was made 1398 (60 kilograms); and there is a third bell from the 16th century (also weighing 60 kilograms).

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degraded during the addition of classical features in the 18th century, and was not uncovered until 1867. It was then lowered by a meter and a half. A majority of the sculpture, was recreated by Auguste Dujardin, and other portions were restored. It was not formally opened until 1885. The sculpture depicts scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary, culminating at the top of the arch with the crowning of the Virgin by Christ. Recent research found traces of orange, red and green pigment, indicating that the original portal sculpture was brightly colored.

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been built up against the walls, and restored the Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Mont-Carmel, which had previously belonged to the adjoining church of Notre-Dame-la-Rond. He reopened the windows which had been blocked by the 19th-century construction. He also cleared out the crypt of the cathedral, which had been turned into a storeroom for the neighbouring shops in the gallery. Between 1874 and 1877 he restored the vaults and buttresses that had been weakened by age and the fire. Between 1898 and 1903 he removed Blondel's classical portico over the portal.

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added, and the triforium between the arcades and high windows was enlarged and strengthened to support the greater weight. Between 1250 and 1255 the south side walls west of the transept were also strengthened to support the new higher walls. The south façade was also built higher to match the greater height of the new nave. The piers of the flying buttresses were also reconstructed, doubling their height. In about 1270–75, the tower of the Chapter was raised to the height of the cornice of the new nave.

2498: 537:, between 751 and 768. Chrodegang is also credited with establishing the first cathedral chapter in western Europe, and also the first cathedral close, combining chapels, dormitory, refectory, and other functional buildings. This system was formally adopted by other Frankish cathedrals under the Capitulary of Aix-en-Chapelle of 816. This first cloister, on the south side of the cathedral where the Place des Armes is located, survived until its demolition in 1754. 2482:

parts in the lower portions of the bays. In the north (Bay 33) are the lancet windows which illustrate the genealogy of Christ and the Virgin Mary, as well as the prophets and apostles. In the South (Bay 28) is the oculus of the original window, with the crowning of the Virgin. This window very unusually depicts the Virgin to the left of Christ, who is presenting the crown to her with his left hand. A similar arrangement from the same period is found in

2993:", a garment probably made in the 12th century. It is made of purple silk with three large eagles embroidered with gold, whose wings are decorated with roses and griffons. It was further adorned during the Renaissance with a plus a hood embroidered with silver. The treasury also displays a large Bishop's ring made of stone and gold, called the Ring of Saint Arnoul, made in the 7th century. It is one of the oldest Bishop's rings still existing. 1567: 4700: 1550:

slender towers with spires on either side of the choir, which give additional support to the structure. On the north is the Tower of the Boule d'Or or Tower of the Pomme d'Or (Named for a gilded copper apple ornament on top of the spire before the Revolution); and to south, the Tower of Charlemagne. This tower has a stairway that gives access to the terraces, triforium, and the narrow pathway around the edge of the roof of the choir.

4712: 796:, to celebrate his recovery from a serious illness from which he had nearly died in Metz in 1744. It was duly built between 1764 and 1766, However, the work on this new portal caused more problems; it was found that the portico would block some of the stained glass windows, and the digging of the deep foundations for the portico immediately created weaknesses in the west front and north buttress. 2725: 1797: 862:

made the new portico unsteady. The wood of the belfry of the Chapter tower was rotting, and falling in pieces onto the street below; workmen refused to enter the unstable tower. The government finally agreed to finance the complete reconstruction of the tower of La Mutte, which was completed in 1843. The government of Emperor Louis-Napoleon promised a full restoration of the cathedral.

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cathedral was declared a simple parish and episcopal church. The old rood screen, made in 1555. was destroyed and replaced by a circular platform or stage in the transept. From 1793 to 1794, the cathedral was officially termed a "Temple of Reason". It was turned into a legal church in 1795, and services resumed, but it was not formally returned to the Catholic Church until 1802.

922:. He also rebuilt triangular gables at the top of the north and south facades in the late Gothic style, with spires and pinnacles. The new south portal was completed and inaugurated on 14 May 1903. The final project of the exterior renovation was the La Mutte tower, which was granted back to the church by the city, which had taken it as the municipal bell tower. 1391:

The Portal of Notre-Dame-La-Ronde, on the northwest side, dates to 1260–65 and is the oldest and most simply decorated entry to the cathedral. In the 18th century, it was given a classical canopy to harmonise with the other classical features, but it still retains panels of the 13th-century sculpture

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The Portal of the Virgin, in the south side facing the Place d'Armes, was constructed before 1225. It was the main entrance of the cathedral until the 18th century, and it most probably occupied the same place as the entrance of the earlier pre-Romanesque cathedral. It was covered over and seriously

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The portal of the west front, typically the main entrance of a cathedral, in Metz is a secondary entrance. The original Gothic portal was replaced by a classical entrance in 1724, which was replaced by the current Neo-Gothic portal in 1903, called "Christ the King." It was designed by architect Paul

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In 1754 another large modification was begun by the governor of Metz. He destroyed the old cloisters next to the church, with their chapels and arcades, with the intention of creating a parade ground for official celebrations. However, this project was abandoned in 1758. Instead, the space was filled

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The earliest glass in the cathedral, from the third quarter of the 13th century, is found in the central bay of the Chapel of Notre-Dame-La-Rond, on the north side of the cathedral near the portal of that name. The glass was originally all in one window, but was separated and now is displayed in two

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The chapels of the transept were decorated in the 14th century with murals on the columns, which served as epitaphs for prominent church figures. These were covered over with plaster in the remodelling of the 17th century and rediscovered and restored between 1840 and 1909. One good example is the

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made of red marble in 1911 by the Munich sculptor Max Heilmaler, It was subject to many later alterations. It depicts the Virgin in a red marble mandorle. The additional sculpture of the Announciation, also by Heilmaler. Below the altar a depiction of Christ being presented at the Temple, by Caspar

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style of the late Gothic in the tracery of the windows and the pillars. Nonetheless, the builders respected the elevations and distribution of space on the walls established in the nave at the end of the 13th century. The high windows of the nave were the model for the high windows in the transept

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The transept and the chevet at the northeast end of the cathedral were constructed together between 1487 and 1450. In this part of the cathedral, the vaults reach a height of 45 meters. The triangular north transept gable was a later addition of Neo-Gothic, made in 1886 in the 15th-century style. It

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The south tower of the cathedral, called "La Mutte", was both the cathedral and municipal bell tower; it was built in 1324 and the municipal bell, called La Mutte, was installed there in 1381. This bell was rung in case of fires, approaching enemies or important civic events. After a fire in 1468, a

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In the years before the French Revolution in 1789, many of the Gothic tombs and monuments of the cathedral were removed, or put into lower aisles to accommodate the new classical taste. The Revolution greatly accelerated the destruction. The cathedral chapter was formally abolished in 1790, and the

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ended by excommunicating the city leaders. When the fire broke out, the city leaders refused to assist the clergy in fighting the fire, only sending men to put out the fire on the bell tower, which was owned by the city. Relations thereafter between the city and clerical authorities were strained.

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The treasury of the cathedral, located in the old sacristy next to the south transept, lost most of its precious objects during the French Revolution, when they were taken away to be melted down for their gold or stripped of their jewels. The most famous item in the Treasury is the reputed "Cape of

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The vaults of the transept meet the vaults of the nave and choir at the central crossing. The transept is 46.80 metres (153.5 ft) high and 16.34 metres (53.6 ft) wide. The vault in the center of the crossing has additional decorative lierne and tiercon ribs, which form a star, and a large

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Parts of the north transept also serve an important structural purpose; the section of the transept where it meets the nave, made about 1300, also serves a buttress for the arches of the nave where they meet the transept. Each level of the transept also has narrow coursières, or passageways, built

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The present major city bell in the tower is named "La Mutte" and was cast in 1605. It weighs 11,000 kilograms (24,250 pounds). A second bell, called Tocsin, made in 1501, weighs 1500 kilos, and is rung to signal the end of the day; along with a third small bell, called Mademoiselle de Tourmel, made

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was installed between the choir and the nave, with sculpture by Mansuy Gauvain, and new choir stalls were installed. The choir was completed with a new altar and a small organ in the triforium above the rood screen. A project was also begun to create a new grand portal on the west end. The work was

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The chapels are separated by the massive buttresses and arches which support the upper walls. The buttresses themselves are decorated with spires, which give them extra weight. The windows of the upper walls are topped with pointed arches and pinnacles, and the chevet is flanked by two additional

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Between the First and Second World Wars, little funding was available to restore or improve the cathedral; the only significant addition was a new bishop's chair, installed in 1932. However, after the Second World War, chief architect Robert Renaud began a campaign to restore and renew the art. He

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Major restoration and rebuilding also took place inside the cathedral, under another architect, Wilhelm Schmitz. He enlarged the choir, restored damaged windows, constructed new choir stalls, and installed a new stone choir screen, new altars, and new bronze doors for the west portal. In 1914 war

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The new portal was the subject of careful study by Tornow. He decided upon a 14th-century Gothic style, in harmony with the rose window. With the French sculptor Auguste Dujardin, he visited twenty-one cathedrals in Burgundy, the Ile-de-France, Normandy and Champagne, taking photographs to act as

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A young architect from Munich, Paul Tornow, became master of works of the cathedral in 1874 and held the position for thirty-two years, until 1906. He first constructed a new roof, built on a metal frame, which raised its height by 3.5 meters. He then removed the collection of structures that had

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The cathedral was in a deplorable state in the early 19th century. The vaults shook when the bells in the tower rang. The arch supporting the right side of the bell tower was broken, and the windows of the tower had to be removed. The arch was finally replaced in 1829. Weaknesses of the foundation

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Metz and the Duchy of Lorraine formally retained their independent status, but the French political and cultural influence grew from 1737 until 1766, when France formally annexed the Duchy. In 1741, proponents of the new French classical style, popular in Paris, proposed to redecorate the choir of

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style. It is crowned by two statues, Saint Nicholas and a local medieval bishop, Saint Goëry. There is also a flamboyant gable over the large south window, also an elaborate flamboyant style, with curves and counter-curves. It was damaged by the 19th-century fire and was replaced. At the top is a

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The Chapter Tower (Tour de Chapitre), was built at the same time, at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century, and in the same style and plan as the tower of La Mutte. This tower also contains a portal to the cathedral, the Portal of St. Stephen. The medieval sculpture was nearly all

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There was a lull of nearly a century before major work was resumed on the construction of the transept and the choir. In 1388 a wooden belfry was installed by the city government on the La Mutte tower, and a new chapel, the Bishop's Chapel, was added on the lower south aisle in 1443. Its patron,

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Since the new nave was now twice as high as planned, the towers also had to be made taller. Between 1275 and 1280, A second level and the beginning of a third level were added to the Tour de la Mutte. By 1359 the nave was entirely covered, but work on the upper walls continued for another twenty

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with windows. six meters high; above that a decorative band of two friezes with sculpted foliage and drapery; and above that the high windows extending upwards 25.5 meters into the vaults. Slender colonettes run up the walls between the windows from the arcade pillars to support the vaults. The

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The west front of the cathedral receives support from a massive buttress on the north, while on the south the facade gets support from the Tower of the Horloge, an eight-sided tower, more slender and shorter than the tower of La Mutte, whose lower portion, with sections of white stone, probably

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In 1999 another wind storm broke loose a pinnacle from the roof, which fell through the roof of the sacristy, requiring major work. The west rose window also showed signs of weakness, due to the absence of a supporting buttress on the west, and began to crack. It was reinforced with two steel

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In 1468 a serious fire broke out on the new balustrade of the roof. In the years before the fire, from 1452 to 1467, there had been a bitter dispute between the city leaders and the cathedral authorities over who was responsible for the maintenance and safety of cathedral property, which Bishop

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The nave, with the exception of its vaults, was probably finished between 1245 and 1250. Then a decision was taken to make the cathedral much taller, with the addition of a new level of large windows about forty meters high, equal in height to the two levels below. New more massive columns were

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A smaller church, the Collegiale of Notre-Dame-la-Ronde, was built close to the old cathedral in the 8th century, and was entirely rebuilt between 1200 and 1207 to be oriented directly with the axis of the cathedral. The complex of early buildings also included the cloister and a palace for the

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Work continued into the 16th century to rebuild the remaining Romanesque portions into the Gothic style. The old choir was demolished in 1503. A few weeks later, the old Romanesque south transept fell. The next year work began on the new transept, and the final flying buttress of the choir was

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of the cathedral decided to demolish the wall which separated the cathedral from the adjoining nave of the church of Our Lady. This was resisted by the clergy of the collegiate church, but the work went ahead, modified by the installation of a grill between the two naves. In 1381 the cathedral

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The early windows resemble mosaics, made of very small pieces of thick, deeply-colored glass bound together by thin strips of lead. The later windows became much larger and thinner, as glassmaking technology improved, with support of iron bars and stone tracery. They were often colored with

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Metz Cathedral has two organs. The modern and larger organ is located in the transept. The smaller and older instrument, called the "Renaissance", is perched on the triforium of the last traverse of the nave, closest to the choir. It was placed there above the former rood screen to accompany

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The nave is the portion of a cathedral, usually at the west end, where the worshippers are seated. The nave of Metz Cathedral is noted for its exceptional height, harmony, and especially the great quantity of stained glass that entirely fills the upper walls, the largest area of glass of any

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and culminates at 41.41 metres (135.9 ft) high, making it one of the highest naves in the world. The height of the nave is contrasted by the relatively low height of the aisles at 14.3 metres (47 ft) high, reinforcing the sensation of height of the nave. This feature permitted the

1282:, with Christ as the central figure, between two figures representing the Church the Synagogue. The portal is flanked by four 4-meter-tall statues of the prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel. The statue of Daniel was originally given the features of the German Emperor of the time, 667:), the head of the chapter, who became bishop in 1239. Construction began at the west end of the nave and continued to the transept and the old choir, which was still in place until the end of the 15th century. The vault of the new structure was not planned to be higher than 30–35 meters. 846: 2944:

The original romanesque crypt beneath the choir was enlarged at the beginning of the 16th century to serve as a foundation for the new chevet. and contains ambulatory leading to three chapels. It was originally largely filled with tombs, It now serves as a museum of cathedral history.

1730:, where it was placed in 1245. It depicts the Virgin, with the moon at her feet, with figures of Saint Barbara and Saint Catherine. It was removed from that church in 1912 because the church authorities in Lourdes felt it clashed with the simplicity of the decor there. 2424:, glass colored white, grey or other pale colors, to bring more light into the interior, and to highlight the colored glass. Most of the original glass was removed in the centuries after the Middle Ages. Most of the glass today is restored or a more modern replacement. 1763:

Beyond the choir is the apse, with a semicircular passage, the disambulatory, which leads to the three chapels at the end of the cathedral. The central chapel is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the left chapel to Saint Joseph, and the right chapel to Saint Livier.

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River, the cathedral could not have the traditional east to west orientation from the choir to the west front. Instead, it was oriented on an axis from southeast to northwest. The roof, following a regional tradition, was covered with tiles of white limestone.

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The last work on the La Mutte bell tower was completed between 1477 and 1483. The stone shaft forty meters high was topped by a tall spire, giving it a total height of almost ninety meters. The finished cathedral was consecrated on 11 April 1552.

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The crypt displays the Graouilly, a large figure of the mythical dragon which was said in legend to been slain by Saint Clement in about 1000 AD. It was carried in religious processions in Metz beginning the 13th century and was described by

1176:, the building is compact, with slight projection of the transepts and subsidiary chapels. However, it displays singular, distinctive characteristics in both its ground plan and architecture compared to most other cathedrals. Because of the 1380: 2458: 1699:

The choir of a cathedral, where the clergy traditionally worships, is usually long, but because of the unusual topography under the cathedral, the choir in Metz is relatively short, and raised up by twelve steps from the transept.

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style chapels. It contains the apse and disambulatory, and three radiating chapels; the axis chapel of the Virgin; and chapels of the Sacred Heart and Notre-Dame of Mount-Carmel. The doorway to Rue du Vivier was added in 1889.

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Tornow and artist Auguste Dujardin. It is lavishly filled with sculpture including column-statues in niches above smaller sculptures in the soubassement. The tympanum over the portal, largely inspired by the Tympanum of

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The construction of a new cathedral began under bishop Thierry I between 965 and 984, and was completed under his second successor Thierry II of Luxembourg, between 1006 and 1047. It was built in what was later called

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cathedral. It has the traditional elevation of Gothic cathedrals of the 13th century, with three levels; an arcade of pointed arches supported by large pillars on the ground floor, 12.65 meters high; above that a

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of Our Lady into the western end of the cathedral, which resulted in the absence of a traditional west-end portal. The south-western porch of the cathedral became the entrance of the former collegiate church.

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Until 1960 all the furnishings of the cathedral were either original Gothic or recreations of Gothic. That year the cathedral began to acquire modern works of furniture and art, including windows designed by

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of 1870, Lorraine and Metz were taken from France in 1871 and annexed to the new German Empire. In 1877, the cathedral was heavily damaged by a major fire caused by fireworks. The King of Prussia and Emperor

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after his stay in Metz in 1546–47. The body of the current Graouilly is made of canvas covering a metal frame is from the 19th century, while the head is wood from an 18th-century effigy of the creature.

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interrupted the work. In 1918, at the end of the First World War, Lorraine and the cathedral were returned to France. The forty-four new choir stalls, made in Colmar in 1914, were finally installed 1922.

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installed ion 1506. The new construction largely followed the original Gothic style. A new canonical choir was built beginning in 1519 next to the sanctuary, at the crossing of the transept. An ornate

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had a copy made and installed of the angel-musician statue which had decorated the roof–it had been blown down in a storm in 1952. In 1965, a stained glass window of David and Bathsheba, designed by

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new upper stage of the tower and a spire was constructed on top, bringing the height to ninety meters. It has two platforms where watchmen were posted to look out for fires or approaching enemies.

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for the portal of La Mutte and the portal of the Tower of the Chapter. The former, facing the rising sun, has warm abstract colors, while the latter window, facing the sunset, has cool colors.

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of the cathedral range in date from the 13th century to the 20th century, and cover an area of 6500 square meters; the cathedral has the most stained glass of any medieval religious monument.

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architects to create large, tall expanses of stained glass. Throughout its history the cathedral has been subjected to architectural and ornamental modifications with successive additions of

2558:, who created an ambitious program of windows. Other windows he designed were placed in the north and south arms of the transept, the west bay and the north and south arms of the transept. 1184:

in Metz, the common west–east axis of the ground plan could not be applied and the church is oriented north-northeast. Moreover, unlike the French and German Gothic cathedrals having three

587:, restored the Empire, Lorraine was designated as the autonomous Duchy of Lorraine, with Metz as its capital. It maintained this status until 1766, when it formally became part of France. 2644:

Between 1954 and 1958 most of the upper windows of the nave were replaced with windows designed to harmonize with the early Gothic windows by Jean Gaudin, who had restored the windows of

2420:, and enamel paints which could be etched to give different shades and three dimensions, more closely resembling Renaissance paintings. The later Gothic periods also made greater use of 2910:

ceremonies of the clergy taking place within the choir. It was made in 1537, and while the instrument has been regularly modified and updated, the wooden buffet or cabinet is original.

1672: 533:(742-766) is mentioned in accounts of the time as a papal envoy to the Franks. He is credited with introducing the Roman liturgy and chants, with the support of King of the Franks, 1247: 4777: 4653: 3539: 4535: 1297: 724: 4038: 2898: 2364: 1622:(38 meters). The collateral aisles on either side of the nave are not nearly as high; just 13.3 meters, but they also have walls largely filled with stained glass. 4648: 2539: 1451:

destroyed by the end of the 18th century, with the exception of a scene on the lintel of the stoning of Saint Stephen, and two scenes from the life of St. Clement.

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is crowned with a statue of the Virgin Mary, marking the chapel of the Virgin. The south transept facade has a matching gable made in 1883–85, in the more ornate

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A number of important windows were installed in the 14th century, including the great rose window of the western facade. This window was the work of

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The modern liturgical furniture in the choir was created by the Swiss-born French artist Mattia Bonetti between 2004 and 2006. It includes an altar,

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displays a rich collection assembled over the long centuries of the history of the Metz diocese and include sacred vestments and items used for the

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between 1913 and 1914, but they were not put into place until 1922–23. Carvings also decorate They decorate the screen of the choir made in 1912.

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supports between 1995 and 2000. The La Mutte tower was restored beginning in 2009, including the restoration of the bells and their mechanism.

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pillars of the arcade, consisting of bundled columns, also have decoration; sculpted grapevines and other vegetal designs, from about 1245.

1333: 736: 1711:, or bishop's chair. They are made of bronze, marble and oak, with a motif of reeds gently blowing in the wind, against a dark background. 1309: 1286:, who commissioned the Portal before the First World War. The moustaches were removed during the German occupation of Metz in World War II. 4747: 3124: 1356: 1478: 1407: 627: 4782: 4633: 4483: 1321: 910:

the basis for his design. The final plan adapted elements of the 13th and 14th centuries, and borrowed particularly from the portals of

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mentioned the existence of the church in 584, and a cathedral under the archbishop Arnoul is mentioned in 616. The Archbishop and Saint

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constitute the axis (south-southwest/north-northeast, respectively). On its exterior, the cathedral is 136 metres (446 ft) long.

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The four-part rib vaults of the nave vaults are exceptionally high; between 41.2 and 42.6 meters, exceeded in height only by those of

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The chevet, at the southeast end of the cathedral, was built between 1503 and 1508 atop the earlier Romanesque crypt and the earlier

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at its western front. The entrance is to the side of the building through another portal placed at the south-western side of the

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The oldest glass of the cathedral. Located on one side of the southern transept, Scenes from Life of Saint Paul (13th century)

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13th-century sculpture around the portal; The story of David and Goliath (above) and the martyrdom of Saint Maurice (bottom)

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The following picture presents the ground plan of Saint-Stephen of Metz and the position of the architectural elements:

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Metz Cathedral in the new style. They presented a neoclassical program for the choir by the royal sculptor from Paris,

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The Transept and choir were built later than the nave, between 1487 and 1520, with elaborate decoration in the

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The most prominent examples of 16th-century glass are the windows of the north face of the transept, made by

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and carved stonework resembling fabric around the doorway. Similar design from the same period is found at

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in the world, totalling 6,496 m (69,920 sq ft). The stained glass windows include works by

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The reconstruction of the cathedral in the Gothic style was proposed in about 1220 by the bishop of Metz,

1209: 1140: 2765: 1121: 785: 428: 4674: 3007: 1173: 992: 639: 584: 211: 874:

took a particular interest in the rebuilding of Metz Cathedral, to win the support of the population.

3887: 1205: 1117: 871: 789: 792:

Doric portico which would serve as the main entrance to the cathedral. This was funded partially by

3017: 2289: 1726:

made of gilded and painted oak, It was originally made for the altar of a chapel at the shrine of

3450: 3396: 3309: 3150:"INA Archive (1980) Patrimoine: trésor de la cathédrale de Metz, Lorraine soir, France 3 régions" 1108: 1082: 1053: 555: 73: 3842: 575:'s successors, the Holy Roman Empire was divided into four parts. In 870, Metz and its province 2730: 2716: 2428: 2400:

painted epitaph of Jacques Poulain, from 1379, located on the north side at the sixth pillar.

1061: 689: 420: 1997: 1816: 1283: 1254: 1185: 1002: 969: 592: 95: 20: 3049: 2483: 2447:

provided designs for further windows, including the complete chapel of the Holy Sacrament.

2409: 2284: 1970: 1028: 8: 2555: 2546: 2519: 2504: 2260: 1956: 1727: 1165: 1021:

Elevation of the westwork within the foundations of a Gothic chapel from the 12th century

866: 700:, died a few days after the chapel was consecrated, and was interred within it in 1459. 294: 206: 199: 1737:

are a prominent feature in the centre of the Choir. They were made by Théophile Klem of

784:

Another classical addition to the cathedral was proposed in 1755 by the royal architect

774: 4704: 1611: 915: 766: 398: 379: 3361:

Remarques sur les campagnes de construction de la cathédrale de Metz au XIIieme siecle

491:

The cathedral was built on an ancient site dating to the 5th century and dedicated to

3822: 3803: 3177: 3045: 1169: 911: 671: 286: 281: 2869: 2779: 2676: 2440: 1001:

Beginning of the construction of the Gothic cathedral within the foundations of the

488:

between 306 and 390. The presence of the first bishop, Clement, is recorded in 346.

436: 3234: 2661: 2645: 1678:

The red marble statue of the Virgin of Lourdes on the lateral altar of the transept

1615: 1275: 919: 716: 526: 496: 394: 2687: 2615:

between 1521 and 1536. The figures of the last clearly show the influence of the

2939:

The Graouilly, a dragon figure carried in processions, now in the cathedral crypt

2820: 2807: 2751: 2744: 2612: 2432: 1619: 1393: 1200: 1104: 705: 660: 647: 563: 534: 424: 416: 407:("the Good Lord's lantern"), on account of its displaying the largest expanse of 66: 2794: 2737: 2665: 2653: 2649: 2637: 2444: 1652: 1279: 1181: 1130: 943: 684: 444: 367: 215: 3443: 3389: 3302: 4731: 4716: 2439:

created three stained glass windows for the cathedral between 1958 and 1968.

2082: 1858: 977: 893: 826: 492: 408: 371: 174: 161: 3856: 765:

begun but was halted in 1552 by the entry into the city of the army of King

3444:"Timeline of the construction of Metz Cathedral, from 17th to 20th century" 3390:"Timeline of the construction of Metz Cathedral, from 14th to 16th century" 3303:"Timeline of the construction of Metz Cathedral, from 10th to 13th century" 2856: 2833: 2772: 2758: 2683: 2436: 2417: 2223: 1935: 1150: 939: 931: 580: 516: 485: 452: 115: 3235:"Gregory of Tours (c. 538-594 A.D.) Historiae, Libri X. The Latin Library" 2070: 1921: 1851: 1399: 934:

was installed in Bay 9, along with windows by other contemporary artists.

3125:"INA Archive (1969) Trésor de la cathédrale de Metz, Lorraine soir, ORTF" 2990: 2691: 2657: 2616: 2120: 2058: 1907: 1879: 1844: 1696:

keystone, 1.7 meters high and 3.7 meters across, at the meeting point.

1057: 1038: 761: 572: 520: 503:

of Saint Stephen was the sole structure spared during the sack of 451 by

432: 1188:

surmounted by a rose window and two large towers, this one has a single

495:. It is said to have contained a collection of his relics. According to 2205: 2132: 1928: 1886: 1684: 1503: 1177: 692:

to make a rose window for the west front, which was finished in 1392.

530: 412: 88: 2394:

Tomb of Bishop Dupont des Loges (died 1896) by Emmanuel Hannaux (1923)

788:. He was commissioned by the Royal Academy of Architecture to build a 3821:(in French). Centre des monuments nationaux, Éditions du patrimoine. 2421: 1603: 1542: 1162: 1012: 383: 356: 100: 2611:

in 1504, and the windows of the south face of the transept, made by

883:(vaults), where the wind sings as in a flute, and then responds the 4699: 2950: 2248: 2095: 1949: 1914: 1865: 1802: 1789: 793: 576: 559: 512: 456: 440: 360: 2690:, French Minister of Culture, to decorate the central dome of the 2149: 1085:

of the northern transept by master glass maker Theobald of Lixheim

3068: 2272: 2012: 1963: 1823: 1193: 697: 596: 473: 343: 2686:. They were commissioned at the same time that he was chosen by 2427:

The windows of Metz were made by the master craftsmen including

717:

Gothic Completion and neoclassical additions (16th–18th century)

4654:

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris

3851: 2669: 2370:

Epitaph of Jacques Poulain, with Fresco of the Virgin (14th c.)

2025: 1830: 1738: 1196:, avoiding the usual alignment of the entrance with the choir. 973: 504: 500: 481: 448: 375: 145: 2904:

The Renaissance organ, now on the triforium of the nave (1537)

3090: 2108: 2040: 1985: 1872: 1837: 1809: 1744: 1189: 852:

The troops of Maréchal Foch parade past the cathedral (1918)

840:

The cathedral in 1907 with the new portal and decorated gable

2724: 1796: 1507:

statue of Saint Stephen, the patron saint of the cathedral.

3848:

Denis Krieger, extensive collection of stained glass photos

3176:

Jolin J.L. (2001) La lanterne du Bon Dieu. Eds. Serpnoise.

2235: 2144: 1942: 1893: 540: 508: 477: 141: 1692:

in the wall on the interior and exterior of the transept.

1447:

in 1802 and recast in 1875. It weighs just 45 kilograms.

1229:

West Front – the Portal of Christ, Horloge tower on right

4649:

Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris

1484:

The cathedral from the south, with transept to the right

393:(41.41 meters (135.9 ft)), after the cathedrals of 3766: 3764: 3737: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3660: 3658: 3645: 3643: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3613: 3611: 3586: 3584: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3470: 3468: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3254: 3252: 2435:

in the sixteenth. In the twentieth century, the artist

1400:

Bell Tower of La Mutte, Chapter Tower and Horloge Tower

604:

archbishop, where the market square is located today.

4778:

16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France

3713: 1758:

Triptych dedicated to Saint Anne in the disambulatory

1215: 1046:

Junction between the former Gothic chapel and the nave

3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 799: 730:

Welcoming King Henry IV to Metz with fireworks – 1603

3776: 3761: 3749: 3725: 3701: 3689: 3670: 3655: 3640: 3623: 3608: 3596: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3511: 3499: 3480: 3465: 3324: 3249: 1327:

Statue of Saint Clement on the Portal of the Virgin

1536:

Buttresses that support the high wall of the chevet

4644:Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Sainte-Croix-de-Paris 3272:La cathédrale de Metz, histoire de la construction 3190: 3105: 1253:Statue of Saint Daniel, originally modelled after 781:by a group of houses, shops and a large pavilion. 583:while remaining an autonomous duchy. In 962, when 3069:"Official website of the Saint-Stephen Cathedral" 633:City centre and the cathedral in the 17th century 4729: 3536:A Stained-Glass Window from Flavigny-sur-Moselle 3419:La cathédrale de Metz, L'œuvre de Blondel à Metz 3219:La cathédrale de Metz, description archéologique 2622: 1413:La Mutte tower (center) and Horloge tower (left) 1348: 1031:of the nave and the supporting flying buttresses 3172: 3170: 2892:The modern organ, placed in the south transept 511:. It was a royal residence of the grandsons of 303:Official name: Cathédrale Saint Étienne de Metz 4768:Roman Catholic churches completed in the 1520s 1496:Facade with great window of the south transept 646:. The work began under James of Lotharingia ( 3886: 3872: 2682:The best-known windows are those designed by 2450: 1091:Construction of the Gothic choir and east end 3167: 2602:Detail of north transept windows – apostles 402: 328: 34: 3091:"Official website of the Bishopric of Metz" 3063: 3061: 953: 484:, and was an imperial residence during the 427:. Later artistic styles are represented by 3879: 3865: 2489: 1745:Apse, disambulatory, and radiating chapels 1639:The south transept, with the organ below 621:Metz and the cathedral in the 17th century 391:third-highest nave of cathedrals in France 44: 4101:Diocese of Grenoble–Vienne-les-Allobroges 3538:, Metropolitan Museum Journal, 33, 1998. 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 2356: 1618:(42.3. meters), and taller than those of 742:Blondel's classical portal, added in 1766 3528: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3058: 2675:Two other abstract windows were made by 541:The Ottonian or Pre-Romanesque cathedral 2927:The crypt beneath the transept and apse 1651:The modern furnishings in the choir by 1524:Towers and chapel windows of the chevet 1472:Flamboyant facade of the north transept 1289: 607: 378:, finished between 1486 and 1520. The 96:Ecclesiastical or organizational status 4730: 3816: 3797: 3782: 3770: 3755: 3743: 3731: 3719: 3707: 3695: 3683: 3664: 3649: 3634: 3617: 3602: 3590: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3522: 3505: 3493: 3474: 3369: 3347: 3258: 3205: 3111: 2983:The Ring of saint Arnoul (7th century) 2971:The Treasury, located in the Sacristy 1339:Sculpture of the Portal of the Virgin 1303:South side - Portal of the Virgin Mary 995:style on the west side of the basilica 865:Following the Prussian victory in the 3967:Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron 3860: 3427: 3280: 2561: 1625: 1596:The three-part elevation of the nave 1315:Tympanum of the Portal of the Virgin 1097:Construction of the southern transept 1075:Construction of the northern transept 670:The plan integrated the neighbouring 571:In 843, after long disputes between 276:88 metres (289 ft) (Mutte tower) 4619:Diocese of Saint-Denis de La Réunion 3052:, Ministère français de la Culture. 3028:Mont Saint-Quentin in Moselle Valley 1103:Stained glass by master glass maker 1005:basilica, construction of the aisles 887:, the great voice of the Good Lord! 825:Drawing of the cathedral in 1905 by 4748:Roman Catholic cathedrals in France 3802:(in French). Paris: La Martinière. 3023:List of Gothic Cathedrals in Europe 2652:, the brother of pioneer modernist 1216:West Front and the Portal of Christ 13: 4783:Monuments historiques of Grand Est 4280:Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes 1572:The nave, looking toward the choir 1168:edifice built of the local yellow 800:The Revolution to the 21st century 769:. Work did not resume until 1761. 16:Catholic cathedral in Metz, France 14: 4794: 4758:Romanesque architecture in France 3836: 3363:. Bulletin Monumental 162, Paris 2590:Detail of north transept windows 1666:Detail at the choir stalls (1912) 467: 4738:Buildings and structures in Metz 4710: 4698: 4229:Diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes 3819:Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Metz 2976: 2964: 2932: 2920: 2897: 2885: 2723: 2629: 2595: 2583: 2568: 2538: 2526: 2511: 2496: 2469: 2457: 2403: 2387: 2375: 2363: 1795: 1751: 1671: 1659: 1644: 1632: 1589: 1577: 1565: 1529: 1517: 1489: 1477: 1465: 1430: 1418: 1406: 1379: 1367: 1355: 1332: 1320: 1308: 1296: 1261: 1246: 1241:Tympanum of the Portal of Christ 1234: 1222: 845: 833: 818: 806: 747: 735: 723: 644:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 626: 614: 547: 36:Cathédrale Saint Étienne de Metz 32:Cathedral of Saint Stephen, Metz 4743:Roman Catholic churches in Metz 3817:Wagner, Pierre Édouard (2013). 3791: 3453:from the original on 2021-12-19 3411: 3399:from the original on 2021-12-19 3353: 3312:from the original on 2021-12-19 3264: 3227: 2672:. They were installed in 1957. 2533:Detail of the West Rose Window 2503:Western rose window at Metz by 2431:in the fourteenth century, and 1716:Altar of Notre Dame de Lourdes 1614:(48 meters), matching those of 688:chapter engaged the glassmaker 4624:Military Ordinariate of France 4188:Diocese of Carcassone-Narbonne 4137:Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence 3916:Diocese of Belfort–Montbéliard 3211: 3142: 3117: 3083: 3039: 3003:Gothic cathedrals and churches 2846:Theobald of Lixheim's windows 2706:Plan of Saint-Stephen of Metz 2575:The north transept windows by 1374:Portal of Notre-Dame-La-Ronde 1081:Creation of the stained glass 1052:Creation of the stained glass 562:cathedral in 1055 imagined by 19:For other uses of "Metz", see 1: 4773:Burial sites of the Pippinids 4763:Gothic architecture in France 4536:Archdiocese of Fort-de-France 3897:Bishops' Conference of France 3033: 2623:20th century – modern windows 1349:Portal of Notre-Dame-La-Ronde 983: 961: 515:, king of the Franks, and of 50:Metz Cathedral from the south 4588:Diocese of Wallis and Futuna 4484:Diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes 3013:List of highest church naves 1362:Sculpture around the portal 991:Construction of a chapel in 7: 2996: 2957: 1553: 1458: 1156: 1133:of Jacques-François Blondel 1120:refurbishment conducted by 1056:of the west facade and the 754:The cathedral in about 1800 423:, Theobald of Lixheim, and 10: 4799: 4675:Apostolic Nuncio to France 4183:Archdiocese of Montpellier 3993:Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay 3798:Brisac, Catherine (1994). 3008:French Gothic architecture 2451:Early glass (13th century) 1793: 1425:Top of the La Mutte tower 1174:French Gothic architecture 640:Conrad III of Scharfenberg 585:Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor 462: 18: 4693: 4680:France–Holy See relations 4662: 4632: 4609:Archdiocese of Strasbourg 4601: 4575: 4554: 4528: 4492: 4441: 4400: 4344: 4298: 4262: 4211: 4203:Diocese of Perpignan–Elne 4175: 4124: 4073: 4047: 4011: 3980: 3944: 3903: 3894: 3888:Catholic Church in France 3217:Vallery-Radot J. (1931): 2878: 2722: 2721: 2545:Adoration of the Magi by 1794: 1510: 1199:The nave is supported by 1149:Stained glass windows of 972:basilica over an ancient 341: 336: 324: 316: 308: 301: 292: 280: 272: 264: 256: 251: 236: 221: 205: 195: 190: 151: 137: 132: 124: 114: 106: 94: 84: 72: 60: 55: 43: 28: 4157:Diocese of Fréjus–Toulon 4132:Archdiocese of Marseille 4106:Diocese of Saint-Étienne 3421:. Eds A. Picard, Paris. 3274:. Eds A. Picard, Paris. 3221:. Eds A. Picard, Paris. 3018:List of tallest churches 2913: 2668:and a lamb representing 2029:Blessed Sacrament chapel 1143:portal on the west front 1122:Jacques-François Blondel 1111:on the southern transept 954:Timeline of construction 786:Jacques-François Blondel 429:Charles-Laurent Maréchal 268:136 metres (446 ft) 4602:Directly under Holy See 4449:Archdiocese of Toulouse 4387:Diocese of Saint-Brieuc 4270:Archdiocese of Poitiers 4176:Province of Montpellier 4086:Archdiocese of Chambéry 3988:Archdiocese of Clermont 3962:Diocese of Aire and Dax 3952:Archdiocese of Bordeaux 3926:Diocese of Saint-Claude 3911:Archdiocese of Besançon 3534:Ariane Isler-de Jongh: 2490:14th–15th century glass 1779:Plan of Metz Cathedral 1558: 1015:and the two bell towers 898:Ode to Metz, Invectives 696:Bishop Conrad Bayer of 683:years. In 1380–81, the 404:la Lanterne du Bon Dieu 389:Metz Cathedral has the 4705:Catholicism portal 4562:Archdiocese of Papeete 4541:Diocese of Basse-Terre 4529:Province of Martinique 4505:Archdiocese of Bourges 4249:Diocese of Saint-Denis 4142:Archdiocese of Avignon 4060:Archdiocese of Cambrai 4003:Diocese of Saint-Flour 2476:Detail of early glass 2357:Painting and sculpture 1776:Architectural element 1584:The pulpit in the nave 1268:Top of the west facade 1069:Elevation of the spire 1060:by master glass maker 889: 664: 651: 403: 344:www.cathedrale-metz.fr 329: 153:Geographic coordinates 35: 4636:for Eastern Catholics 4583:Archdiocese of Nouméa 4352:Archdiocese of Rennes 4254:Diocese of Versailles 4162:Diocese of Gap-Embrun 4125:Province of Marseille 4096:Diocese of Belley–Ars 2518:Inner rose window by 2410:stained glass windows 1728:Notre Dame de Lourdes 1255:William II of Germany 877: 370:. It is dedicated to 21:Metz (disambiguation) 4753:Architecture in Metz 4670:Cathedrals in France 4593:Diocese of Port-Vila 4500:Archdiocese of Tours 4469:Diocese of Montauban 4442:Province of Toulouse 4418:Diocese of Coutances 4408:Archdiocese of Rouen 4306:Archdiocese of Reims 4275:Diocese of Angoulême 4263:Province of Poitiers 4219:Archdiocese of Paris 4055:Archdiocese of Lille 4019:Archdiocese of Dijon 3981:Province of Clermont 3972:Diocese of Périgueux 3945:Province of Bordeaux 3931:Diocese of Saint-Dié 3904:Province of Besançon 2484:Strasbourg Cathedral 2001:Portal of the Virgin 1290:Portal of the Virgin 1161:Metz Cathedral is a 1037:Construction of the 1027:Construction of the 1011:Construction of the 665:Jakob von Lothringen 642:, the chancellor of 608:The Gothic Cathedral 419:master glass makers 4555:Province of Papeete 4515:Diocese of Chartres 4459:Archdiocese of Auch 4454:Archdiocese of Albi 4428:Diocese of Le Havre 4331:Diocese of Soissons 4316:Diocese of Beauvais 4244:Diocese of Pontoise 4239:Diocese of Nanterre 4081:Archdiocese of Lyon 4024:Archdiocese of Sens 3417:Lejeaux J. (1931): 2717:Hermann von Münster 2703:Master glass maker 2609:Theobald of Lixheim 2577:Theobald of Lixheim 2556:Hermann von Munster 2547:Hermann von Munster 2520:Hermann von Munster 2505:Hermann von Munster 2429:Hermann von Münster 1129:Destruction of the 1062:Hermann von Münster 968:Construction of an 946:and other artists. 867:Franco-Prussian War 652:Jacques de Lorraine 421:Hermann von Münster 295:Monument historique 257:Direction of façade 171: / 4576:Province of Noumea 4567:Diocese of Taiohae 4546:Diocese of Cayenne 4520:Diocese of Orléans 4474:Diocese of Pamiers 4382:Diocese of Quimper 4367:Diocese of Le Mans 4345:Province of Rennes 4326:Diocese of Langres 4321:Diocese of Châlons 4285:Diocese of Limoges 4224:Diocese of Créteil 4147:Diocese of Ajaccio 4116:Diocese of Viviers 4111:Diocese of Valence 3998:Diocese of Moulins 3359:Villes A. (2004): 2562:16th century glass 2185:Northern transept 1626:Transept and choir 1612:Beauvais Cathedral 1437:The Chapter Tower 1278:, illustrates the 1139:Construction of a 916:Chartres Cathedral 767:Henry II of France 401:. It is nicknamed 380:cathedral treasury 366:, the seat of the 4725: 4724: 4717:France portal 4493:Province of Tours 4464:Diocese of Cahors 4423:Diocese of Évreux 4413:Diocese of Bayeux 4401:Province of Rouen 4392:Diocese of Vannes 4377:Diocese of Nantes 4357:Diocese of Angers 4336:Diocese of Troyes 4311:Diocese of Amiens 4299:Province of Reims 4212:Province of Paris 4091:Diocese of Annecy 4048:Province of Lille 4039:Mission de France 4034:Diocese of Nevers 4012:Province of Dijon 3936:Diocese of Verdun 3828:978-2-7577-0262-8 3270:Marot P. (1931): 2876: 2875: 2354: 2353: 2293: 2213: 2153: 2048: 2030: 2002: 1201:flying buttresses 1170:Jaumont limestone 912:Auxerre Cathedral 690:Herman of Münster 672:Collegiate church 519:, who became the 350: 349: 39: 4790: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4703: 4702: 4510:Diocese of Blois 4479:Diocese of Rodez 4372:Diocese of Luçon 4362:Diocese of Laval 4290:Diocese of Tulle 4234:Diocese of Meaux 4198:Diocese of Nîmes 4193:Diocese of Mende 4152:Diocese of Digne 4074:Province of Lyon 4065:Diocese of Arras 4029:Diocese of Autun 3921:Diocese of Nancy 3881: 3874: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3832: 3813: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3746:, p. 55-57. 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3668: 3662: 3653: 3647: 3638: 3632: 3621: 3615: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3478: 3472: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3448: 3440: 3425: 3424: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3394: 3386: 3367: 3366: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3307: 3299: 3278: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3188: 3187: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3065: 3056: 3055: 3043: 2980: 2968: 2936: 2924: 2901: 2889: 2727: 2697: 2696: 2662:Marriage at Cana 2646:Amiens Cathedral 2633: 2599: 2587: 2572: 2542: 2530: 2515: 2500: 2473: 2461: 2391: 2382:Tomb of a bishop 2379: 2367: 2287: 2247:Crossing of the 2208: 2147: 2107:Entrance of the 2043: 2028: 2000: 1799: 1770: 1769: 1755: 1707:or tribune, and 1675: 1663: 1648: 1636: 1616:Amiens Cathedral 1593: 1581: 1569: 1533: 1521: 1493: 1481: 1469: 1434: 1422: 1410: 1383: 1371: 1359: 1336: 1324: 1312: 1300: 1276:Amiens Cathedral 1265: 1250: 1238: 1226: 1107:, including the 988: 985: 966: 963: 920:Amiens Cathedral 901: 849: 837: 822: 813:The fire of 1877 810: 775:Sébastien Slodtz 751: 739: 727: 659: 630: 618: 551: 527:Gregory of Tours 497:Gregory of Tours 406: 346: 332: 247: 245: 232: 230: 186: 185: 183: 182: 181: 176: 175:49.12°N 6.1754°E 172: 169: 168: 167: 164: 116:Year consecrated 48: 38: 31: 26: 25: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4787: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4697: 4689: 4685:Former dioceses 4658: 4635: 4628: 4614:Diocese of Metz 4597: 4571: 4550: 4524: 4488: 4437: 4433:Diocese of Séez 4396: 4340: 4294: 4258: 4207: 4171: 4167:Diocese of Nice 4120: 4069: 4043: 4007: 3976: 3957:Diocese of Agen 3940: 3899: 3890: 3885: 3839: 3829: 3810: 3794: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3722:, p. 7–11. 3718: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3682: 3671: 3663: 3656: 3648: 3641: 3633: 3624: 3616: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3481: 3473: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3265: 3257: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3191: 3185: 3175: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3059: 3053: 3044: 3040: 3036: 2999: 2984: 2981: 2972: 2969: 2960: 2940: 2937: 2928: 2925: 2916: 2905: 2902: 2893: 2890: 2881: 2821:Valentin Bousch 2808:Valentin Bousch 2784: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2748: 2741: 2734: 2640: 2634: 2625: 2613:Valentin Bousch 2603: 2600: 2591: 2588: 2579: 2573: 2564: 2550: 2543: 2534: 2531: 2522: 2516: 2507: 2501: 2492: 2477: 2474: 2465: 2462: 2453: 2433:Valentin Bousch 2406: 2395: 2392: 2383: 2380: 2371: 2368: 2359: 1975: 1974: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1946: 1939: 1932: 1925: 1918: 1911: 1904: 1897: 1890: 1883: 1876: 1869: 1862: 1855: 1848: 1841: 1834: 1827: 1820: 1813: 1806: 1759: 1756: 1747: 1722:With it is the 1688:and the choir. 1679: 1676: 1667: 1664: 1655: 1649: 1640: 1637: 1628: 1620:Reims Cathedral 1597: 1594: 1585: 1582: 1573: 1570: 1561: 1556: 1537: 1534: 1525: 1522: 1513: 1497: 1494: 1485: 1482: 1473: 1470: 1461: 1438: 1435: 1426: 1423: 1414: 1411: 1402: 1394:Reims Cathedral 1387: 1384: 1375: 1372: 1363: 1360: 1351: 1340: 1337: 1328: 1325: 1316: 1313: 1304: 1301: 1292: 1269: 1266: 1257: 1251: 1242: 1239: 1230: 1227: 1218: 1159: 1105:Valentin Bousch 986: 964: 956: 903: 891: 853: 850: 841: 838: 829: 823: 814: 811: 802: 755: 752: 743: 740: 731: 728: 719: 706:George of Baden 655: 634: 631: 622: 619: 610: 567: 564:Auguste Migette 552: 543: 470: 465: 425:Valentin Bousch 368:bishops of Metz 364:Diocese of Metz 342: 297: 243: 241: 228: 226: 179: 177: 173: 170: 165: 162: 160: 158: 157: 79:Diocese of Metz 67:Catholic Church 51: 33: 30: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4796: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4707: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4640: 4638: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3883: 3876: 3869: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3845: 3838: 3837:External links 3835: 3834: 3833: 3827: 3814: 3808: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3775: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3669: 3654: 3639: 3622: 3607: 3595: 3580: 3568: 3556: 3544: 3527: 3510: 3498: 3479: 3464: 3426: 3410: 3368: 3352: 3323: 3279: 3263: 3248: 3226: 3210: 3189: 3166: 3141: 3116: 3104: 3082: 3057: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 2998: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2870:Roger Bissière 2867: 2861: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2795:Jacques Villon 2792: 2786: 2785: 2777: 2770: 2763: 2756: 2749: 2742: 2735: 2728: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2677:Roger Bissière 2666:Book of Exodus 2654:Marcel Duchamp 2650:Jacques Villon 2642: 2641: 2638:Jacques Villon 2635: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2582: 2580: 2574: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2552: 2551: 2544: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2510: 2508: 2502: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2456: 2452: 2449: 2445:Jacques Villon 2441:Roger Bissière 2405: 2402: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2050: 2049: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1968: 1961: 1954: 1947: 1940: 1933: 1926: 1919: 1912: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1884: 1877: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1828: 1821: 1814: 1807: 1800: 1792: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1653:Mattia Bonetti 1650: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1280:Last Judgement 1271: 1270: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1252: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1221: 1217: 1214: 1182:Moselle valley 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1144: 1134: 1124: 1112: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1047: 1041: 1032: 1022: 1019:1285 – c. 1290 1016: 1006: 996: 980: 955: 952: 944:Jacques Villon 879:Cathedral all 876: 855: 854: 851: 844: 842: 839: 832: 830: 824: 817: 815: 812: 805: 801: 798: 757: 756: 753: 746: 744: 741: 734: 732: 729: 722: 718: 715: 636: 635: 632: 625: 623: 620: 613: 609: 606: 593:Ottonian style 569: 568: 553: 546: 542: 539: 523:ruler in 534. 472:A Gallo-Roman 469: 468:Early churches 466: 464: 461: 445:Jacques Villon 437:Roger Bissière 353:Metz Cathedral 348: 347: 339: 338: 334: 333: 326: 322: 321: 318: 314: 313: 310: 306: 305: 299: 298: 293: 290: 289: 284: 278: 277: 274: 270: 269: 266: 262: 261: 258: 254: 253: 252:Specifications 249: 248: 238: 234: 233: 223: 222:Groundbreaking 219: 218: 216:Gothic Revival 209: 203: 202: 197: 193: 192: 188: 187: 155: 149: 148: 139: 135: 134: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 98: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 76: 70: 69: 64: 58: 57: 53: 52: 49: 41: 40: 29:Metz Cathedral 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4795: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3875: 3870: 3868: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3809:2-73-242117-0 3805: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3785:, p. 75. 3784: 3779: 3773:, p. 72. 3772: 3767: 3765: 3758:, p. 55. 3757: 3752: 3745: 3740: 3734:, p. 54. 3733: 3728: 3721: 3716: 3710:, p. 53. 3709: 3704: 3698:, p. 71. 3697: 3692: 3686:, p. 73. 3685: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3667:, p. 49. 3666: 3661: 3659: 3652:, p. 45. 3651: 3646: 3644: 3637:, p. 41. 3636: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3620:, p. 31. 3619: 3614: 3612: 3605:, p. 38. 3604: 3599: 3593:, p. 35. 3592: 3587: 3585: 3578:, p. 37. 3577: 3572: 3566:, p. 33. 3565: 3560: 3554:, p. 30. 3553: 3548: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3525:, p. 67. 3524: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3508:, p. 21. 3507: 3502: 3496:, p. 24. 3495: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3477:, p. 19. 3476: 3471: 3469: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3420: 3414: 3398: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3362: 3356: 3350:, p. 12. 3349: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3273: 3267: 3261:, p. 11. 3260: 3255: 3253: 3236: 3230: 3220: 3214: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3183: 3182:2-87692-495-1 3179: 3173: 3171: 3151: 3145: 3126: 3120: 3113: 3108: 3092: 3086: 3070: 3064: 3062: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2979: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2917: 2911: 2900: 2895: 2888: 2883: 2882: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2726: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2688:André Malraux 2685: 2680: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2598: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2578: 2571: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2557: 2548: 2541: 2536: 2529: 2524: 2521: 2514: 2509: 2506: 2499: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2485: 2472: 2467: 2460: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2411: 2404:Stained glass 2401: 2390: 2385: 2378: 2373: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2306:The elements 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2027: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1674: 1669: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1647: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1605: 1592: 1587: 1580: 1575: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1532: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1492: 1487: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1433: 1428: 1421: 1416: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1382: 1377: 1370: 1365: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1346: 1335: 1330: 1323: 1318: 1311: 1306: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1152: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1089:c. 1490–1500s 1087: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1035:c. 1300–1330s 1033: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 981: 979: 978:Saint Stephen 976:dedicated to 975: 971: 967: 958: 957: 951: 947: 945: 941: 935: 933: 927: 923: 921: 917: 913: 907: 902: 899: 895: 894:Paul Verlaine 888: 886: 882: 875: 873: 868: 863: 859: 848: 843: 836: 831: 828: 827:Albert Robida 821: 816: 809: 804: 803: 797: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 776: 770: 768: 763: 750: 745: 738: 733: 726: 721: 720: 714: 710: 707: 701: 699: 693: 691: 686: 680: 676: 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 653: 649: 645: 641: 629: 624: 617: 612: 611: 605: 601: 598: 594: 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