415:
445:"Practically, education of the young is only possible in schools conducted by especially qualified persons who devote themselves thereto. The calling always has been regarded as useful and honorable, essential, indeed, to the public welfare. Mere knowledge of the German language cannot reasonably be regarded as harmful. Heretofore it has been commonly looked upon as helpful and desirable. Plaintiff in error taught this language in school as part of his occupation. His right thus to teach and the right of parents to engage him so to instruct their children, we think, are within the liberty of the amendment."
480:. Holmes wrote that he differed with the majority "with hesitation and unwillingness" because he thought the law did not impose an undue restriction on the liberty of the teacher since it was not arbitrary, was limited in its application to the teaching of children, and the State had areas where many children might hear only a language other than English spoken at home. "I think I appreciate the objection to the law, but it appears to me to present a question upon which men reasonably might differ and therefore I am unable to say the Constitution of the United States prevents the experiment being tried."
31:
369:
study. With respect to the use of a foreign language while teaching, it provided that "No person, individually or as a teacher, shall, in any private, denominational, parochial or public school, teach any subject to any person in any language other than the
English language." With respect to foreign-language education, it prohibited instruction of children who had yet to successfully complete the eighth grade.
339:, to engage in any of the common occupations of life, to acquire useful knowledge, to marry, establish a home and bring up children...". This subsequently developed into the legal principle of substantive due process that would underpin decisions related to same-sex marriage, racial discrimination, and reproductive rights.
561:
language that spoke of the family as a center of value-formation and value-transmission ... the authority of parents to make basic choices" and not just controlling the subjects one's child is taught. The doctrine of substantive due process provided the basis for future civil rights decisions of the Court, including
454:
other languages as well as to those born with
English on the tongue. Perhaps it would be highly advantageous if all had ready understanding of our ordinary speech, but this cannot be coerced by methods which conflict with the Constitution – a desirable end cannot be promoted by prohibited means."
355:
civic associations. Language was a principal focus of legislation at the state and local level. It took many forms, from requiring associations to have charters written in
English to a ban on the use of German within the town limits. Some states banned foreign language instruction, while a few banned
453:
And finally: "That the state may do much, go very far, indeed, in order to improve the quality of its citizens, physically, mentally and morally, is clear; but the individual has certain fundamental rights which must be respected. The protection of the
Constitution extends to all, to those who speak
437:
stated that while it was not necessary "to define with exactness" the liberties that were protected by the Due
Process Clause, its protections "ithout doubt" not merely freedom from bodily restraint but also the right of the individual to contract, to engage in any of the common occupations of life,
405:
Meyer appealed to the
Supreme Court of the United States. His lead attorney was Arthur Mullen, an Irish-Catholic and a prominent Democrat who had earlier failed in his attempt to obtain an injunction against enforcement of the Siman Act from the Nebraska State Supreme Court. Oral arguments expressed
560:
has called them "the two sturdiest pillars of the substantive due process temple". He noted that the decisions in these cases did not describe specific acts as constitutionally protected but a broader area of liberty: " described what they were protecting from the standardizing hand of the state in
319:
to "make reasonable regulations for all schools", invalidated the Siman Act as an excessive "interference" of liberties granted by the
Fourteenth Amendment, such as the right of a teacher to instruct students and the right of parents to control the upbringing of their children. The Court also noted
368:
On April 9, 1919, Nebraska enacted a statute called "An act relating to the teaching of foreign languages in the state of
Nebraska", commonly known as the Siman Act. It imposed restrictions on both the use of a foreign language as a medium of instruction and on foreign languages as a subject of
406:
conflicting interpretations of the World War I experience. Mullen attributed the law to "hatred, national bigotry and racial prejudice engendered by the World War". Opposing counsel countered that "it is the ambition of the State to have its entire population 100 percent
American".
2463:
397:
affirmed his conviction by a vote of 4 to 2. The majority thought the law a proper response to "the baneful effects" of allowing immigrants to educate their children in their mother tongue, with results "inimical to our own safety". The dissent called the Siman Act the work of
438:
to acquire useful knowledge, to marry, establish a home and bring up children, to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience, and generally to enjoy those privileges long recognized at common law as essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men".
492:
was in derailing the powerful nationwide movement, motivated largely by anti-Catholicism, to destroy parochial education by requiring all children to attend public schools. Oregon voters approved one such compulsory public education law in a referendum seven months before
429:
before depriving individuals of life, liberty or property (such as a jury trial in criminal cases), the concept of "liberty thus guaranteed" is broader and includes certain spheres of life in which the government cannot intrude even if properly applies such procedures.
457:
He allowed that wartime circumstances might justify a different understanding, but that
Nebraska had not demonstrated sufficient need "in time of peace and domestic tranquility" to justify "the consequent infringement of rights long freely enjoyed".
449:
And further: "Evidently the Legislature has attempted materially to interfere with the calling of modern language teachers, with the opportunities of pupils to acquire knowledge, and with the power of parents to control the education of their own."
507:
even more forcefully emphasized parental rights: "The child is not the mere creature of the State; those who nurture him and direct his destiny have the right, coupled with the high duty, to recognize and prepare him for additional obligations."
360:
at the federal level was introduced in October 1918, designed to restrict federal funds to states that enforced English-only education. An internal battle over conducting services and religious instruction in German divided the
326:
has been described by legal scholars as "the case that defined personal liberties" and "America's First Privacy Case", since it greatly expanded the scope of constitutionally protected liberties to include both enumerated and
1453:
3299:
385:
to 10-year-old Raymond Parpart, a fourth grader. The Hamilton County Attorney entered the classroom and discovered Parpart reading from the Bible in German. He charged Meyer with violating the Siman Act.
2399:
2391:
3102:
2543:
2511:
2367:
3190:
3006:
2666:
1429:
2840:
2375:
1635:
3521:
2503:
1689:
3511:
425:
The Supreme Court reversed seven to two, reasoning that although the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause ostensibly mandates only that the government follow certain
1227:
476:
3323:
3222:
2120:
3451:
2096:
1533:
2335:
2215:
1037:
274:
236:
131:
3166:
2816:
2303:
2279:
1477:
1421:
978:
856:
790:
625:
602:
525:(1927), which invalidated a Hawaiian statute restricting the teaching of Asian languages. The Court rejected the Hawaiian territory's attempt to distinguish
250:
72:
3476:
3110:
2175:
1501:
1469:
593:, had they been decided in recent times, may well have been grounded upon First Amendment principles protecting freedom of speech, belief, and religion."
3142:
3054:
2998:
2912:
2904:
2800:
2698:
3283:
2658:
2527:
2447:
1381:
2880:
2479:
2295:
2271:
1972:
3182:
3174:
2792:
2594:
2383:
3526:
2832:
2255:
1549:
1336:
316:
1780:
3496:
3331:
2682:
2439:
2287:
2080:
3431:
707:
3134:
3046:
1673:
414:
3441:
1932:
647:
3446:
3158:
2690:
1705:
1028:
3516:
3421:
2971:
1836:
1437:
1304:
332:
2343:
1517:
1328:
1697:
750:
357:
2848:
2535:
2519:
2423:
308:. Nebraska was one of 22 states that had enacted laws banning or restricting foreign language instruction based on broader
2431:
1541:
3491:
3471:
3247:
2963:
2888:
2152:
545:
35:
441:
Analyzing in that context the liberty of the teacher and of parents with respect to their children, McReynolds wrote:
3307:
1247:
957:
931:
900:
3426:
3126:
1996:
356:
only German. Some extended their bans into private instruction and even to religious education. A bill to create a
3456:
1876:
1721:
1235:
3506:
3481:
2706:
1564:
1348:
1087:
1021:
309:
2104:
1956:
1908:
1649:
1264:
998:
499:
2990:
2160:
1461:
1312:
569:
377:
On May 25, 1920, Robert T. Meyer, while an instructor in Zion Lutheran School, a one-room schoolhouse in
3486:
3461:
3436:
2112:
3466:
3315:
2722:
2714:
2327:
1748:
1681:
467:
390:
165:
3347:
3291:
2455:
2012:
1980:
1611:
1405:
1389:
1014:
347:
World War I witnessed an extensive campaign against all things German, such as the performance of
3355:
2920:
2776:
2037:
1964:
1357:
1272:
946:"The Imposition of World War I Era English-Only Policies and the Fate of German in North America"
549:
521:
278:
193:
2586:
434:
394:
320:
that such rights extend broadly to all Americans, including those who speak foreign languages.
177:
126:
law prohibiting the teaching of modern foreign languages to grade-school children violated the
109:
1006:
945:
919:
910:
668:
3275:
3118:
3086:
2674:
2223:
1171:
1063:
982:
884:
860:
794:
629:
293:
289:
266:
64:
3267:
3014:
2864:
2757:
2562:
2495:
2004:
1940:
1820:
1657:
1485:
1445:
1397:
585:
speculated in 2000 that both of those cases might have been written differently nowadays: "
201:
474:
dissented. Their dissenting opinion, written by Holmes, is found in the companion case of
8:
3501:
3198:
3150:
3094:
3030:
3022:
2955:
2872:
2808:
2471:
2415:
2359:
2351:
1988:
1868:
1852:
1729:
1509:
1493:
1187:
1071:
851:
336:
328:
297:
169:
149:
3259:
3078:
3070:
2896:
2856:
2824:
2741:
2610:
2602:
2570:
2487:
2311:
2263:
2239:
2207:
2128:
2072:
2064:
1916:
1812:
1627:
1296:
1211:
1140:
1051:
833:
816:
797:
632:
270:
254:
127:
863:
3394:
3386:
3339:
3062:
2936:
2650:
2407:
2247:
2231:
2182:
2168:
2144:
1900:
1884:
1844:
1772:
1713:
1413:
1320:
1203:
1095:
953:
941:
927:
906:
896:
746:
575:
471:
378:
262:
189:
2642:
2618:
2199:
1948:
1924:
1788:
1195:
1163:
1111:
825:
648:
The Little-Remembered Supreme Court Precedent That Could Protect IVF — and Abortion
399:
352:
348:
989:
67:
2464:
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville
2056:
1796:
1665:
1219:
1179:
1103:
669:"A Century of Meyer v. Nebraska: The SCOTUS Case that Defined Personal Liberties"
582:
553:
382:
3206:
3038:
2784:
2749:
2626:
2136:
1892:
1804:
1573:
1079:
885:"German Victims and American Oppressors: The Cultural Background and Legacy of
880:
557:
305:
181:
157:
743:
Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen
3415:
3300:
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
2928:
2319:
2191:
1860:
1828:
1756:
1619:
1525:
1373:
1288:
497:, and similar measures. The Court unanimously struck down the Oregon law in
218:
McReynolds, joined by Taft, McKenna, Van Devanter, Brandeis, Butler, Sanford
3214:
2578:
1764:
1119:
950:
Language and Politics in the United States and Canada: Myths and Realities
924:
Forging New Freedoms: Nativism, Education, and the Constitution, 1917–1927
2088:
1365:
1280:
1152:
563:
362:
285:
2544:
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
2634:
837:
419:
83:
2512:
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
2368:
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
829:
529:
on the basis that Asian languages were more pernicious than German.
1430:
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists
301:
258:
123:
1636:
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
1036:
87:
79:
30:
1690:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
277:. The Court's ruling is one of the earliest articulations of
926:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 115–133.
312:
to promote assimilation into American culture and society.
708:"America's First Privacy Case: Meyer v. State of Nebraska"
544:
is often cited as one of the first instances in which the
3324:
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
1228:
O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co.
814:: The 'Fundamental Right' That Dare Not Speak Its Name".
2121:
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
389:
Meyer was tried and convicted in the district court for
1534:
Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc.
920:"The Supreme Court's Invalidation of the Language Laws"
745:. NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 176–85, 190–3.
2216:
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
511:
Two years later, the Court reaffirmed the holdings of
315:
The Supreme Court, while recognizing that states have
275:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
3522:
Right to privacy under the United States Constitution
2280:
United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education
1422:
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
603:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 262
3111:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
2176:
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
1502:
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
3512:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court
2999:
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co.
532:
2659:Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney
2528:Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action
1382:Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth
948:. In Ricento, Thomas K.; Burnaby, Barbara (eds.).
393:and fined $ 25 (about $ 380 in 2023 dollars). The
2296:Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
1973:Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
3413:
3175:City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.
2384:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
2256:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
1781:Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
3452:United States substantive due process case law
3332:Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
2683:Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County
2440:Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell
2288:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
2081:Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
1022:
764:
762:
1550:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
1454:Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
1337:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
3477:United States home front during World War I
3135:Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia
3047:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
2036:
1674:Will v. Michigan Department of State Police
2400:Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education
1933:Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
1029:
1015:
759:
342:
3159:New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer
2691:Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
1706:Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee
879:
740:
351:at symphony concerts and the meetings of
2392:Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1
705:
413:
3103:Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
2972:Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward
1837:Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
1438:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
1305:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
866: (2000) (Kennedy, dissenting).
381:, taught the subject of reading in the
257:that held that the "Siman Act", a 1919
3527:Freedom of speech in the United States
3414:
3246:
2344:Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver
1139:
1050:
372:
3374:
3245:
2035:
1698:City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams
1138:
1049:
1010:
940:
809:
503:(1925), which was based largely upon
18:1923 United States Supreme Court case
3497:German language in the United States
2424:Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education
1565:Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes
917:
692:
690:
663:
661:
659:
643:
641:
284:The Siman Act had been passed after
54:Robert T. Meyer v. State of Nebraska
3432:German-American culture in Nebraska
3191:Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools
3007:Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth
2432:City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
1542:June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo
1518:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
1329:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
895:. Greenwood Press. pp. 33–56.
706:SCARINCI, DONALD (April 16, 2015).
488:The most immediate significance of
409:
13:
2964:Arlington County Board v. Richards
2889:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
2667:Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co.
2153:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
1038:United States Fourteenth Amendment
873:
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3538:
3442:United States Supreme Court cases
3308:Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents
2849:Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n
985:390 (1923) is available from:
967:
687:
656:
638:
3447:United States education case law
3127:Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas
2536:Fisher v. University of Texas II
1997:Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.
533:Influence on later jurisprudence
29:
2841:Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach
2520:Fisher v. University of Texas I
1877:Moore v. City of East Cleveland
1722:Los Angeles County v. Humphries
1236:West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
844:
803:
780:
741:Capozzola, Christopher (2008).
292:and during a time of pervasive
3517:United States privacy case law
3422:1923 in United States case law
2707:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.
771:
734:
725:
699:
615:
1:
2376:Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman
1581:McNeese v. Board of Education
1088:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
608:
249:, 262 U.S. 390 (1923), was a
2105:Hirabayashi v. United States
1957:DeShaney v. Winnebago County
1909:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
1650:Owen v. City of Independence
1265:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
891:. In Wunder, John R. (ed.).
500:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
483:
226:Holmes, joined by Sutherland
7:
2991:United States v. Cruikshank
2161:Brown v. Board of Education
1462:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
1313:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
712:Constitutional Law Reporter
596:
570:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
255:United States Supreme Court
10:
3543:
2113:Korematsu v. United States
461:
433:Writing for the majority,
3492:Linguistic discrimination
3472:Legal history of Nebraska
3381:
3375:
3370:
3316:United States v. Morrison
3254:
3241:
2982:
2947:
2768:
2733:
2723:United States v. Skrmetti
2715:United States v. Virginia
2554:
2328:Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson
2048:
2044:
2031:
1749:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
1740:
1682:Gonzaga University v. Doe
1560:
1347:
1246:
1151:
1147:
1134:
1058:
1045:
918:Ross, William G. (1994).
810:Tribe, Lawrence (2004). "
269:in schools, violated the
235:
230:
222:
214:
209:
143:
138:
121:
116:
104:Judgment for respondent,
100:
95:
59:
49:
42:
28:
23:
3348:United States v. Georgia
3292:City of Boerne v. Flores
2456:United States v. Fordice
2013:Williams v. Pennsylvania
1981:Washington v. Glucksberg
893:Law and the Great Plains
787:Bartels v. State of Iowa
477:Bartels v. State of Iowa
335:" such as the right "to
265:as both the subject and
43:Argued February 23, 1923
3427:German-American history
3356:Shelby County v. Holder
2921:Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
2777:Patsone v. Pennsylvania
2038:Equal Protection Clause
1965:Michael H. v. Gerald D.
1358:United States v. Vuitch
1273:Griswold v. Connecticut
550:substantive due process
522:Farrington v. Tokushige
358:Department of Education
343:Context and legislation
279:substantive due process
3457:Nebraska Supreme Court
3223:Armour v. Indianapolis
2587:Moritz v. Commissioner
1643:Procunier v. Navarette
1561:Civil rights liability
1349:Abortion jurisprudence
447:
422:
395:Nebraska Supreme Court
237:U.S. Const. amend. XIV
3507:Education in Nebraska
3482:English-only movement
3276:Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer
3119:Richardson v. Ramirez
3087:Boddie v. Connecticut
2675:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
2504:Johnson v. California
2224:McLaughlin v. Florida
1612:O'Connor v. Donaldson
1172:Allgeyer v. Louisiana
1064:Slaughter-House Cases
468:Oliver Wendell Holmes
443:
417:
294:anti-German sentiment
290:English only movement
267:medium of instruction
3268:Katzenbach v. Morgan
3015:Breedlove v. Suttles
2865:Graham v. Richardson
2758:Obergefell v. Hodges
2563:Breedlove v. Suttles
2496:Grutter v. Bollinger
2336:Jefferson v. Hackney
2005:Obergefell v. Hodges
1941:Edwards v. Aguillard
1821:Epperson v. Arkansas
1658:Harlow v. Fitzgerald
1593:Jenkins v. McKeithen
1486:Mazurek v. Armstrong
1446:Hodgson v. Minnesota
1406:Bellotti v. Baird II
1398:Colautti v. Franklin
1153:Economic substantive
952:. Lawrence Erlbaum.
166:Oliver W. Holmes Jr.
108:, 107 Neb. 657, 187
45:Decided June 4, 1923
3199:Gregory v. Ashcroft
3167:Mills v. Habluetzel
3151:Zablocki v. Redhail
3095:Eisenstadt v. Baird
3031:Oyama v. California
3023:Skinner v. Oklahoma
2956:Shapiro v. Thompson
2873:Sugarman v. Dougall
2817:Porterfield v. Webb
2809:Terrace v. Thompson
2472:Missouri v. Jenkins
2416:Hunter v. Underwood
2360:Milliken v. Bradley
2352:Norwood v. Harrison
2304:McDaniel v. Barresi
1989:Troxel v. Granville
1869:Mathews v. Eldridge
1853:Taylor v. Louisiana
1730:Connick v. Thompson
1510:Gonzales v. Carhart
1494:Stenberg v. Carhart
1478:Lambert v. Wicklund
1390:Bellotti v. Baird I
1188:Lochner v. New York
1072:Minor v. Happersett
999:Library of Congress
852:Troxel v. Granville
373:Facts and arguments
310:nativist sentiments
298:atrocity propaganda
178:James C. McReynolds
170:Willis Van Devanter
3260:Civil Rights Cases
3248:Enforcement Clause
3079:Oregon v. Mitchell
3071:Williams v. Rhodes
2897:Nyquist v. Mauclet
2857:Hernandez v. Texas
2742:Bowers v. Hardwick
2734:Sexual orientation
2611:Stanton v. Stanton
2603:Geduldig v. Aiello
2571:Goesaert v. Cleary
2488:Gratz v. Bollinger
2312:Palmer v. Thompson
2264:Hunter v. Erickson
2240:Loving v. Virginia
2208:Anderson v. Martin
2129:Shelley v. Kraemer
2073:Plessy v. Ferguson
2065:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
1917:Kolender v. Lawson
1813:Loving v. Virginia
1628:Imbler v. Pachtman
1605:Wood v. Strickland
1470:Leavitt v. Jane L.
1297:Bowers v. Hardwick
1212:Buchanan v. Warley
1141:Due Process Clause
1052:Citizenship Clause
942:Wiley, Terrence G.
817:Harvard Law Review
696:Page 262 U.S. 401.
546:U.S. Supreme Court
435:Justice McReynolds
423:
333:fundamental rights
271:Due Process Clause
263:minority languages
154:Associate Justices
128:Due Process Clause
78:43 S. Ct. 625; 67
3487:Linguistic rights
3462:1923 in education
3437:Language case law
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3395:Trump v. Anderson
3387:Gold Clause Cases
3366:
3365:
3340:Tennessee v. Lane
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3143:Trimble v. Gordon
3063:Levy v. Louisiana
3055:Rinaldi v. Yeager
2937:Bernal v. Fainter
2913:Ambach v. Norwick
2905:Foley v. Connelie
2801:Crane v. New York
2699:Lehr v. Robertson
2651:Caban v. Mohammed
2408:Palmore v. Sidoti
2248:Lee v. Washington
2232:Reitman v. Mulkey
2183:Gebhart v. Belton
2169:Briggs v. Elliott
2145:Sweatt v. Painter
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
1901:Parratt v. Taylor
1885:Duren v. Missouri
1845:Arnett v. Kennedy
1773:Powell v. Alabama
1714:Ashcroft v. Iqbal
1599:Scheuer v. Rhodes
1414:H. L. v. Matheson
1321:Lawrence v. Texas
1257:Meyer v. Nebraska
1204:Coppage v. Kansas
1130:
1129:
1096:Perez v. Brownell
975:Meyer v. Nebraska
887:Meyer v. Nebraska
824:(6): 1893–1955 .
812:Lawrence v. Texas
752:978-0-19-533549-1
731:Page 262 U.S. 399
622:Meyer v. Nebraska
576:Lawrence v. Texas
472:George Sutherland
379:Hampton, Nebraska
317:significant power
304:promoted by U.S.
246:Meyer v. Nebraska
242:
241:
202:Edward T. Sanford
190:George Sutherland
24:Meyer v. Nebraska
3534:
3467:1923 in Nebraska
3372:
3371:
3284:Dellmuth v. Muth
3243:
3242:
2643:Parham v. Hughes
2619:Edwards v. Healy
2448:Freeman v. Pitts
2203:(M.D. Ala. 1956)
2200:Browder v. Gayle
2046:
2045:
2033:
2032:
1949:Turner v. Safley
1925:Hudson v. Palmer
1789:NAACP v. Alabama
1248:Right to privacy
1196:Muller v. Oregon
1164:Mugler v. Kansas
1149:
1148:
1136:
1135:
1112:Rogers v. Bellei
1047:
1046:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
988:
963:
937:
914:
867:
848:
842:
841:
807:
801:
784:
778:
775:
769:
766:
757:
756:
738:
732:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
703:
697:
694:
685:
684:
682:
680:
665:
654:
653:(March 27, 2024)
645:
636:
619:
410:Majority opinion
400:crowd psychology
300:, and spy scare
261:law prohibiting
253:decision by the
139:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
20:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3401:
3377:
3362:
3250:
3229:
2978:
2943:
2881:In re Griffiths
2825:Webb v. O'Brien
2764:
2729:
2550:
2480:Texas v. Lesage
2272:Hadnott v. Amos
2057:Pace v. Alabama
2040:
2019:
1797:Hoyt v. Florida
1736:
1666:Felder v. Casey
1562:
1556:
1343:
1242:
1220:Adams v. Tanner
1180:Holden v. Hardy
1154:
1143:
1126:
1104:Afroyim v. Rusk
1054:
1041:
1035:
1001:
995:
992:
986:
970:
960:
934:
903:
881:Finkelman, Paul
876:
874:Further reading
871:
870:
849:
845:
830:10.2307/4093306
808:
804:
785:
781:
776:
772:
768:Capolzzola, 194
767:
760:
753:
739:
735:
730:
726:
716:
714:
704:
700:
695:
688:
678:
676:
667:
666:
657:
646:
639:
620:
616:
611:
599:
583:Justice Kennedy
554:civil liberties
552:in the area of
535:
486:
464:
412:
391:Hamilton County
383:German language
375:
353:German American
345:
288:as part of the
192:
180:
168:
150:William H. Taft
91:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3540:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
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3360:
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3328:
3320:
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3304:
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3255:
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3251:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3207:Vacco v. Quill
3203:
3195:
3187:
3183:Clark v. Jeter
3179:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3039:Oyler v. Boles
3035:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2986:
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2980:
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2977:
2976:
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2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2793:Heim v. McCall
2789:
2785:Truax v. Raich
2781:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2750:Romer v. Evans
2746:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2627:Craig v. Boren
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2595:Kahn v. Shevin
2591:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2558:
2556:
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2532:
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2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2137:Perez v. Sharp
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2097:Smith v. Texas
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
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2020:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1893:Parham v. J.R.
1889:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1809:
1805:Oyler v. Boles
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
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1744:
1742:
1738:
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1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1587:Pierson v. Ray
1584:
1578:
1574:Monroe v. Pape
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1538:
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1128:
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1125:
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1116:
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1100:
1092:
1084:
1080:Elk v. Wilkins
1076:
1068:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1005:
1004:
969:
968:External links
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777:Capozzola, 195
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675:. June 2, 2023
673:www.jurist.org
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558:Laurence Tribe
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182:Louis Brandeis
158:Joseph McKenna
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132:14th Amendment
119:
118:
114:
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106:Meyer v. State
102:
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50:Full case name
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2939:
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2931:
2930:
2929:Plyler v. Doe
2926:
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2833:Frick v. Webb
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2329:
2325:
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2320:Coit v. Green
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2306:
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2301:
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2192:Lucy v. Adams
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1861:Goss v. Lopez
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1829:In re Winship
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1757:Zucht v. King
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1376:
1375:
1374:Doe v. Bolton
1371:
1368:
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1289:Doe v. Bolton
1286:
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959:0-8058-2838-9
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935:
933:0-8032-3900-9
929:
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902:0-313-29680-4
898:
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839:
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540:, along with
539:
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505:Meyer. Pierce
502:
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210:Case opinions
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194:Pierce Butler
191:
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146:Chief Justice
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41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
3393:
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3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3221:
3215:Bush v. Gore
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
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3005:
2997:
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2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
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2855:
2847:
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2823:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2756:
2748:
2740:
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2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
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2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2579:Reed v. Reed
2577:
2569:
2561:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
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2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
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2342:
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2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
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2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
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2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1765:Buck v. Bell
1763:
1755:
1747:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
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1626:
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1598:
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1572:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1120:Saenz v. Roe
1118:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
974:
949:
923:
892:
886:
850:
846:
821:
815:
811:
805:
800: (1923).
786:
782:
773:
742:
736:
727:
717:December 27,
715:. Retrieved
711:
701:
679:December 27,
677:. Retrieved
672:
650:
635: (1923).
621:
617:
590:
586:
581:
574:
568:
562:
541:
537:
536:
526:
520:
516:
512:
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475:
465:
456:
452:
448:
444:
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432:
426:
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404:
388:
376:
367:
349:German music
346:
329:unenumerated
323:
322:
314:
283:
245:
244:
243:
231:Laws applied
197:
185:
173:
161:
105:
96:Case history
71:
53:
15:
2140:(Cal. 1948)
2089:Lum v. Rice
1366:Roe v. Wade
1281:Roe v. Wade
1155:due process
564:Roe v. Wade
548:engaged in
286:World War I
112:100 (1922).
82:1042; 1923
3502:Xenophobia
3416:Categories
2635:Orr v. Orr
609:References
427:procedures
420:Taft Court
365:churches.
306:news media
84:U.S. LEXIS
2948:Residency
484:Aftermath
466:Justices
86:2655; 29
60:Citations
2769:Alienage
1040:case law
973:Text of
944:(1998).
883:(1996).
651:POLITICO
597:See also
363:Lutheran
337:contract
302:paranoia
259:Nebraska
251:landmark
215:Majority
124:Nebraska
2164:(1954)
911:1533513
838:4093306
542:Pierce,
462:Dissent
273:of the
223:Dissent
130:of the
122:A 1919
117:Holding
3398:(2024)
3390:(1935)
3359:(2013)
3351:(2006)
3343:(2004)
3335:(2003)
3327:(2001)
3319:(2000)
3311:(2000)
3303:(1999)
3295:(1997)
3287:(1989)
3279:(1976)
3271:(1966)
3263:(1883)
3226:(2012)
3218:(2000)
3210:(1997)
3202:(1991)
3194:(1988)
3186:(1988)
3178:(1985)
3170:(1982)
3162:(1979)
3154:(1978)
3146:(1977)
3138:(1976)
3130:(1974)
3122:(1974)
3114:(1973)
3106:(1973)
3098:(1972)
3090:(1971)
3082:(1970)
3074:(1968)
3066:(1968)
3058:(1966)
3050:(1966)
3042:(1962)
3034:(1948)
3026:(1942)
3018:(1937)
3010:(1928)
3002:(1886)
2994:(1876)
2975:(1985)
2967:(1977)
2959:(1969)
2940:(1984)
2932:(1982)
2924:(1982)
2916:(1979)
2908:(1978)
2900:(1977)
2892:(1976)
2884:(1973)
2876:(1973)
2868:(1971)
2860:(1954)
2852:(1948)
2844:(1927)
2836:(1923)
2828:(1923)
2820:(1923)
2812:(1923)
2804:(1915)
2796:(1915)
2788:(1915)
2780:(1914)
2761:(2015)
2753:(1996)
2745:(1986)
2726:(2024)
2718:(1996)
2710:(1994)
2702:(1983)
2694:(1982)
2686:(1981)
2678:(1981)
2670:(1980)
2662:(1979)
2654:(1979)
2646:(1979)
2638:(1979)
2630:(1976)
2622:(1975)
2614:(1975)
2606:(1974)
2598:(1974)
2590:(1972)
2582:(1971)
2574:(1948)
2566:(1937)
2547:(2023)
2539:(2016)
2531:(2014)
2523:(2013)
2515:(2007)
2507:(2005)
2499:(2003)
2491:(2003)
2483:(1999)
2475:(1995)
2467:(1993)
2459:(1992)
2451:(1992)
2443:(1991)
2435:(1989)
2427:(1986)
2419:(1985)
2411:(1984)
2403:(1982)
2395:(1982)
2387:(1978)
2379:(1977)
2371:(1977)
2363:(1974)
2355:(1973)
2347:(1973)
2339:(1972)
2331:(1971)
2323:(1971)
2315:(1971)
2307:(1971)
2299:(1971)
2291:(1969)
2283:(1969)
2275:(1969)
2267:(1969)
2259:(1968)
2251:(1968)
2243:(1967)
2235:(1967)
2227:(1964)
2219:(1964)
2211:(1964)
2195:(1955)
2156:(1950)
2148:(1950)
2132:(1948)
2124:(1948)
2116:(1944)
2108:(1943)
2100:(1940)
2092:(1927)
2084:(1899)
2076:(1896)
2068:(1886)
2060:(1883)
2016:(2016)
2008:(2015)
2000:(2009)
1992:(2000)
1984:(1997)
1976:(1990)
1968:(1989)
1960:(1989)
1952:(1987)
1944:(1987)
1936:(1985)
1928:(1984)
1920:(1983)
1912:(1982)
1904:(1981)
1896:(1979)
1888:(1979)
1880:(1977)
1872:(1976)
1864:(1975)
1856:(1975)
1848:(1974)
1840:(1974)
1832:(1971)
1824:(1968)
1816:(1967)
1808:(1962)
1800:(1961)
1792:(1958)
1784:(1950)
1776:(1932)
1768:(1927)
1760:(1922)
1752:(1905)
1733:(2011)
1725:(2010)
1717:(2009)
1709:(2009)
1701:(2005)
1693:(2003)
1685:(2002)
1677:(1989)
1669:(1988)
1661:(1982)
1653:(1980)
1645:(1978)
1639:(1978)
1631:(1976)
1623:(1976)
1615:(1975)
1607:(1975)
1601:(1974)
1595:(1969)
1589:(1967)
1583:(1963)
1577:(1961)
1563:under
1553:(2022)
1545:(2020)
1537:(2019)
1529:(2018)
1521:(2016)
1513:(2007)
1505:(2006)
1497:(2000)
1489:(1997)
1481:(1997)
1473:(1996)
1465:(1992)
1457:(1990)
1449:(1990)
1441:(1989)
1433:(1986)
1425:(1983)
1417:(1981)
1409:(1979)
1401:(1979)
1393:(1976)
1385:(1976)
1377:(1973)
1369:(1973)
1361:(1971)
1340:(2022)
1332:(2016)
1324:(2003)
1316:(1992)
1308:(1989)
1300:(1986)
1292:(1973)
1284:(1973)
1276:(1965)
1268:(1925)
1260:(1923)
1239:(1937)
1231:(1931)
1223:(1917)
1215:(1917)
1207:(1915)
1199:(1908)
1191:(1905)
1183:(1898)
1175:(1897)
1167:(1887)
1123:(1999)
1115:(1971)
1107:(1967)
1099:(1958)
1091:(1898)
1083:(1884)
1075:(1875)
1067:(1873)
1002:
996:
993:
990:Justia
987:
956:
930:
909:
899:
855:,
836:
789:,
749:
624:,
587:Pierce
573:, and
517:Pierce
200:
198:·
196:
188:
186:·
184:
176:
174:·
172:
164:
162:·
160:
88:A.L.R.
80:L. Ed.
3376:Other
2983:Other
1741:Other
981:
859:
834:JSTOR
793:
628:
591:Meyer
538:Meyer
527:Meyer
513:Meyer
495:Meyer
490:Meyer
324:Meyer
101:Prior
2049:Race
983:U.S.
954:ISBN
928:ISBN
907:SSRN
897:ISBN
861:U.S.
795:U.S.
747:ISBN
719:2023
681:2023
630:U.S.
589:and
515:and
470:and
418:The
110:N.W.
90:1446
73:more
65:U.S.
63:262
2555:Sex
979:262
857:530
826:doi
822:117
798:404
791:262
633:390
626:262
579:.
519:in
402:".
68:390
3418::
977:,
922:.
905:.
864:57
832:.
820:.
761:^
710:.
689:^
671:.
658:^
640:^
567:,
556:.
296:,
281:.
1030:e
1023:t
1016:v
962:.
936:.
913:.
889:"
840:.
828::
755:.
721:.
683:.
398:"
331:"
134:.
76:)
70:(
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