Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23

2328:("Flogger-C") Another two-seat trainer, the MiG-23UB made its maiden flight on 10 April 1970, with production starting later that year at the Irkutsk Aviation Plant. It was equipped with the SAU-23UB flight control system and Polyot-11-23 navigation system, consisting of a RSBN-6S tactical aid to navigation, a SKV-2N2 reference gyro and a DV-30 and DV-10 air data system. While early production aircraft did feature the Sapfir-21M radar, it was soon replaced with ballast blocks under a conical metal fairing. Additionally, starting in 1971 production MiG-23UBs received the Edition 3 wing, and from 1979 onward those delivered to MiG-23M/ML regiments received the SOUA limiter to constrain AoA to within 28 degrees. Production of the MiG-23UB for the VVS and PVO continued until 1978, and until 1985 for export customers. More than 1,000 MiG-23UBs were produced, with 760 of these for the VVS and PVO. 2183:("Flogger-B") The most produced variant of the first-generation MiG-23s, the MiG-23M first flew in June 1972 and became the VVS' chief air superiority fighter, giving it a true look-down/shoot-down capability. While the first fighters were equipped with the Sapfir-23L, it was quickly succeeded by the improved Sapfir-23D (and in 1975 the Sapfir-23D-III), allowing the MiG-23M to carry a pair of R-23 missiles and R-60 missiles. Other updates to the electronics included the SAU-23A three-axis automatic flight control system/autopilot and Polyot-11-23 navigation system. An updated wing design, the definitive Edition 3 wing, retained the Edition 2's design but added leading-edge slats back to improve handling characteristics. The variant was powered by an uprated R-27 turbojet, the Tumansky R-29-300 ( 2975: 2320:("Flogger-C") The MiG-23U was a twin-seat training variant based on the MiG-23S, first appearing six months after the single-seater's introduction. Its only major design difference was the addition of a second cockpit where the equipment bay was located, necessitating its movement into the redesigned nose. It retained the MiG-23S' GSh-23L gun with 200 rounds and could carry up to 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) of bombs. Equipped with the S-21 weapon control system centered on the Sapfir-21M radar, the MiG-23U could fire the R-3S and R-13M missiles. Also like the MiG-23 Edition 1971 and MiG-23M, a fourth fuel tank was added with a capacity of 470 litres. Production of the MiG-23U began at Irkutsk in 1971 and eventually converted to the MiG-23UB. 3091: 2280:("Flogger-E") Another export variant, the MiG-23MS was a downgrade version of the MiG-23M designed for Third World customers who couldn't be trusted with the advanced technology of the MiG-23MF. While using the same airframe and engine as the MiG-23M, the MiG-23MS was equipped with the same weapons and equipment as the MiG-21S/SM. A downgraded export version of the RP-22SM radar gave the MiG-23MS its distinctively short nose radome, while the undernose IRST was removed. The only missiles it was capable of firing were up to four R-3S and R-3R air-to-air missiles, though the improved R-13M was added later. This variant was produced at Znamya Truda between 1973 and 1978, with fifty-four sent to 3702: 2661:("Flogger-H") An upgraded version of the MiG-23B, the MiG-23BN differed in that it was fitted with the Edition 3 wings and R-29 engine of contemporary fighter variants, along with minor updates in electronics and equipment. The other major difference was the removal of the dielectric head found on the MiG-23B. Produced from 1973 to 1985, a total of 624 MiG-23BNs were built, although only a small number served in VVS units with the rest exported. A downgraded version intended for Third World customers proved to be fairly popular and effective. The last MiG-23BN in Indian service flew on 6 March 2009, flown by Wing Commander Tapas Ranjan Sahu of the 221 Squadron (Valiants). 2338: 1656: 3232: 1874: 3261: 2835: 3012: 3307: 675: 3695: 2448:("Flogger-G") The later production variant of the "ML" was designated the "MiG-23MLA". The fighter first flew in 1977, with mass production beginning in 1978 and sales to foreign customers starting in 1981. Externally, the "MLA" was identical to "ML". Internally, the 'MLA' had an improved Sapfir-23MLA (N003) radar with better range, reliability and ECM resistance, and a frequency spacing feature which made co-operative group search operations possible as the radars would now not jam each other. It also had a new ASP-17ML HUD/gunsight, and starting in 1981 the capability to fire improved 1116:"-equivalent aggressor aircraft from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. It proved a difficult opponent for early MiG-29 variants flown by inexperienced pilots. Exercises showed when well-flown, a MiG-23MLD could achieve favorable kill ratios against the MiG-29 in mock combat by using hit-and-run tactics and not engaging the MiG-29s in dogfights. Usually the aggressor MiG-23MLDs had a shark mouth painted on the nose just aft of the radome, and many were piloted by Soviet–Afghan War veterans. In the late 1980s, these aggressor MiG-23s were replaced by MiG-29s, also featuring shark mouths. 3597: 1175:

targets, while more sophisticated weaponry was not often employed because of the difficult terrain and threat of MANPADs and AA. Attacks were made in pairs, with both MiGs diving at a 45-degree angle before releasing their bombs. After heavy losses in 1984–5, tactics were re-evaluated and a minimum altitude of 3,500 m (11,480 ft) was introduced. This was later increased to 4,500 m (14,760 ft). The accuracy of attacks was lowered and it became impossible to use unguided rockets at all. However, this was effective at reducing losses; there were none during 1986.

3772: 339: 3337: 3291: 1365: 1033:(34,300 ft/min), which is not a very large indicator for a fighter of this class. In the MiG-23M, due to a much more powerful engine, the rate of climb increased to 222 m/s (43,700 ft/min), almost 50 m/s (10,000 ft/min) more. This figure is already consistent with the "status" of a powerful fighter aircraft. On the MiG-23ML, mainly due to weight reduction, the climb rate reached 242 m/s (47,600 ft/min), which corresponds to the most powerful aircraft of the 2-3rd generation, as well as some 4th generation fighters. 3728: 3657: 1062:(VVS) on 4 January 1974, but even before its mass introduction there had been many teething problems with the brand-new fighter. Stability issues and limited maneuverability resulted in numerous flight restrictions placed on the fighter as efforts to rectify these concerns began in the mid-1970s. Despite numerous updates, these restrictions would only be partially lifted with the introduction of the MiG-23MLD. Still, the large number of MiG-23s deployed in Central Europe represented a sufficiently potent threat in a possible war with the West. 618:, and a 3-parachute system. Engaging the ejection seat could take a long time, as the pilots had to place their feet in the stirrups, let go of the control column, grab the two trigger handles, squeeze and lift them. The first parachute, the size of a large handkerchief, was deployed out of a telescoping rod which would pop out of the top back of the seat as it started to clear the windscreen windbreak area. It was supposed to help rotate the seat into the windblast and stabilize into a flight path that would take it above and behind the 3938: 1022:, and describes combat history involving Syrian MiG-23MFs versus Israeli F-15 and F-16s, which it labels "successful". This manual also recommends tactics to be used against these fighters. According to the MiG-23ML technical manual, the MiG-23ML has a instantaneous turn rate of 16.7 deg/s and a sustained of 14.1 deg/s at 1 km (3,300 ft) of altitude and at a speed of 490 kn (900 km/h); and at maximum 7g load factor. It will take to the MiG-23ML around 25 seconds to complete the horizontal turn. 2502:(GCI) ground stations to steer the aircraft towards the target; in such an intercept, all the pilot had to do was control the engine and use the weapons. The MiG-23P was the most numerous PVO interceptor in the 1980s - around 500 manufactured between 1978 and 1981 - but was never exported. It also endured after the break-up of the Soviet Union, with the last MiG-23P units operating until 1998. Interestingly, in mock BVR air combat the MiG-23P when flown by experienced pilots proved to be equal or even better than the 1603:). The damage likely contributed to the Mirage veering off the runway on landing, after which the nose gear collapsed. The nose hit the ground so hard that Piercy's ejection seat fired. As a result of this ground level ejection, Piercy was paralyzed. The aircraft was written off, but a large portion of the airframe and components were used to repair another accident-damaged Mirage F1 and return it to service. In total, the Cubans claimed 6 air victories with the MiG-23 (1 destroyed, 1 damaged and 4 were unconfirmed). 3103: 563: 1356:. Training in the Soviet Union included little flight time, and since the Soviets didn't provide any technical documentation or flight manuals, the Iraqis had to run flight testing on their own. Moreover, the handling qualities and the avionics outfit of the MiG-23 were heavily criticised, and the airframes' manufacturing quality was poor. Unsurprisingly, by 1978 at least 12 MiG-23s had been written off in accidents. An additional batch of MiG-23MS was bought in the late 1970s to compensate for the losses. 2794: 3141: 3122: 3465: 1668: 3160: 3446: 42: 2919: 3572: 3318: 3500: 2031:. A number of these jets were lost either to ground fire or crashed. By 1990 Libya withdrew its military advisors from Sudan and the remaining four MiG-23 jets were placed in storage. Starting from 2010, Sudan started to refurbish its MiG-23 jets locally with the help of Russia, Byelorussian and Ethiopian technicians with pictures of freshly painted and refurbished jets circling online. One crash-landed and caught fire during flight testing in 2016. 3073: 2986: 2873: 3554: 1986: 3537: 3243: 3054: 3408: 3360: 3035: 1217: 331:– lift jet), was a tailed delta of similar layout to the smaller MiG-21 but with two lift jets in the fuselage. This first flew on 3 April 1967, but it soon became apparent that this configuration was unsatisfactory, as the lift jets became useless dead weight once airborne. Work on the second strand of development was carried out in parallel by a team led by A.A Andreyev, with MiG directed to build a variable-geometry prototype, the " 3635: 3611: 3519: 2816: 2437: 2163: 571: 2938: 4310: 3187: 2957: 2892: 474: 3214: 306: 2854: 3379: 3427: 4326: 3272: 642:(HUD) onto which data from the radar was displayed. This was updated in the MiG-23MLA with the ASP-17ML gunsight/HUD. Because information from the radar had to fit on the combining glass of the HUD, the amount of space that could be scanned was limited to a relatively thin slice. This required that the fighter be flown very close to the target's altitude and well ahead of it to be picked up, necessitating good 891:, where it could out-accelerate any American fighter. The fighter's small profile gave it the advantage of being hard to spot visually as well. Overall, HAVE PAD testing determined that the MiG-23 - while a poor dogfighter - made for a good interceptor capable of performing hit-and-run attacks. Despite its limitations, in the hands of a very capable pilot the MiG-23 represented a serious threat in air combat. 1051: 2522: 486:(AA-8 "Aphid") missiles. Starting with aircraft number 3201, the APU-60-2 double-rail launcher was introduced, allowing the MiG-23M to carry four R-60 missiles. The MiG-23 could carry up to 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) in bombs and rockets, and from aircraft number 3701 onward it could fire the Kh-23 and Kh-23M air-to-surface missiles. Lastly, all VVS MiG-23Ms had the ability to mount a single 1826:

air strikes against Islamic State near Derna and the MiG-23UB, serial 7834, lost on 12 February 2016 while operating west of Benghazi, claimed shot down by the Islamic State with the official government attributing the loss to anti aircraft artillery. In all the occasions the aircrews ejected while the cause of the first two crashes remained debated between hostile fire and mechanical causes.

3397: 910:. If going fast enough, a MiG-23 could easily perform a loop 6.4 kilometres (4 mi) high that other planes would struggle to follow, at the bottom of which it would cut back inside them and proceed to fly off until outside their visual range so it could come back in again. The only other BFM the MiG-23 could perform, according to Col (ret.) John "Sax" Saxman, was the " 1225:

already been written off. The first MiG-23s to see combat were export variants with many limitations. Compared to the MiG-21, the aircraft was mechanically complex and expensive and also less agile. The first interceptor variant to be exported, the MiG-23MS, was equipped with the same weapons system as the older MiG-21S, and its radar was particularly vulnerable to

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usually many conflicting and contradictory reports are written and accepted by their respective historians. Before recent years, with widespread use of hand-portable cameras, little pictorial evidence could be published about specific losses and victories of the different combat systems, with a limited number of losses and victories confirmed by both parties.

2677:("Flogger-D") Introduced in 1975, simplified ground-attack version with simple pitot air intakes, no radar and a simplified engine with two position afterburner nozzle. An upgrade of the MiG-23BK, the MiG-23BM replaced the original PrNK-23 with the PrNK-23M and the analog computer with a digital computer. Introduced into service as the 1257:

1982. One more MiG-23 fighter was lost in July. The Israelis also claimed that they shot down two MiG-23s in 1985, which the Syrians deny. Overall, 11–13 Syrian MiG-23 fighter variants were lost in air combat from 1982 to 1985. Israel confirms only the loss of BQM-34 Firebee which was downed by Syrian MiG-23MF on 6 June 1982.

2600:("Flogger-F") Created to meet the need for a new fighter-bomber, the MiG-23B was similar to the MiG-23S but with a redesigned forward fuselage and a dielectric head just above the pylon. In the flat-bottomed, tapered-down nose was a PrNK Sokol-23 ground attack sight system in place of the radar. The system included an 2784:(flying laboratory) These MiG-23s were constructed to test a new in-cockpit warning system which used a female voice to warn pilots about various flight parameters. A female voice was chosen specifically to provide a distinction from ground communication, which in Soviet service was virtually always male. 2586:

from May 1982 to May 1985. As with earlier MiG-23 versions, two distinct export variants were offered. Unlike Soviet examples, these were new-build aircraft, though they lacked the aerodynamic refinements of Soviet "MLD"s; 16 examples were delivered to Bulgaria, and 50 to Syria between 1982 and 1984.

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to improve handling and safety in high-AoA maneuvers. A strengthening of the wing pivot allowed the addition of a fourth wing sweep position of 33°, which was intended to reduce turn radius and allow for rapid deceleration during dogfights. However, with the wings at the 33° position, the MiG-23MLD

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and ASP-23D gunsight/HUD. A redesigned fuselage moved the tail surfaces back 86 cm (34 in), added ribbed air brakes, and inserted another fuel tank with 470 L (100 imp gal; 120 US gal) capacity. The new wing design, known as Edition 2 wings, increased surface area

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missiles. A TP-23M IRST was included, which had a maximum detection range of 15 km (9.3 mi) for a high-altitude fighter-sized target operating at full power, or 45 km (28 mi) for a bomber-sized target. However its field of scanning was restricted compared to the radar: only 60°

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but resulted in a change in sweep settings; it also added a pronounced leading-edge dogtooth but removed the leading-edge slats, making them easier to manufacture but increasing the already dangerous control and stability issues. The MiG-23 Edition 1971 was powered by a R-27F2-300 turbojet rated at

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forces controlled three airworthy MiG-23s among other aircraft, two MiG-23MLA and one MiG-23UB. They were all lost on three occasions with a first MiG-23MLA, serial 6472, lost near Benina airbase on 4 January, after an airstrike, the second MiG-23MLA, serial 6132, lost on 8 February while conducting

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According to official post-war Iraqi Air Force documents, Iraq lost a total of 38 MiG-23BNs, three MiG-23MS, one MiG-23MF and one MiG-23ML. However, the stated losses for interceptor variants are much lower than the actual number of aircraft lost. For example, the number of pilots known to have been

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The two-seater MiG-23UB also saw service in Afghanistan, used for strike, reconnaissance and target designation. It was also used to familiarise MiG-27 pilots with flying in the hot and high conditions of Afghanistan when they were deployed there in 1988. Additionally, MiG-23UBs sometimes acted as a

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Air-to-air encounters, however, were not particularly frequent, with close air support accounting for most missions flown in Afghanistan while combat air patrol and air-to-air escort missions comprised 15% of the total. Sorties with dumb bombs and cluster munitions were flown against a wide range of

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Test pilots who flew the MiG-23 as part of Constant Peg came to similar conclusions about the MiG-23 being an effective interceptor rather than a dogfighter, but were more critical of the planes they flew. Among their complaints was that the MiG-23's airframe was too easily overstressed; that it was

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in the fuselage, with capacities of 1,920, 820 and 710 litres (510, 220 and 190 US gal) respectively. Additionally, each wing carried three integral fuel tanks of 62.5, 137.5 and 200 litres (16.5, 36.3 and 52.8 US gal). The No. 2 fuel tank in the fuselage also

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A strengthening of the wing pivot in the MiG-23MLD allowed the addition of a fourth wing sweep position of 33°, which was intended to reduce turn radius and allow for rapid deceleration during dogfights. However, with the wings at the 33° position, the MiG-23MLD was much more difficult to handle and

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0.7 or when taking off and landing. Putting the wings at mid-spread of 45° was used for basic fighter maneuvering, as well as cruising at high speeds or making low-altitude intercepts. Moving the wings to fully swept at 72° was reserved for making high-altitude intercepts or high-speed dashes at low

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Cockpit visibility was also somewhat poor in the MiG-23, although the view straight ahead was superior compared to the MiG-21. In particular, visibility was poor looking to the rear, partially due to the ejection seat which wrapped around the pilot's head, requiring the pilot to lean forward to look

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The MiG-23ML prototype first took flight on 21 January 1975 and quickly entered mass production later that same year, though export customers continued to receive the MiG-23MF for another seven years. More than 1,100 MiG-23MLs (and its derivatives including the MiG-23MLA) were built for Soviet and

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was 16.7° per second at a corner speed of 780 km/h (480 mph) and 27° AoA; average rate of turn was 14.1° per second. Completing a 360° turn at an altitude of 1,000 m (3,300 ft) took 27 seconds at an average of 6.5-G, with an entry speed of 900 km/h (560 mph) and final

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attacking a camp in Sidon were shot down by two MiG-23MSs. However, Israel does not report any loss of aircraft from this incident and no loss of aircraft was reported on that date. Russian historian Vladimir Ilyin writes that the Syrians lost six MiG-23MFs, four MiG-23MSs and 14 MiG-23BNs in June

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also reported. According to a Russian version of the event, the F-16 was shot down when Pakistani F-16s encountered Soviet MiG-23MLDs. Soviet MiG-23MLD pilots, while on a bombing raid along the Pakistani-Afghan border, reported being attacked by F-16s and then seeing one F-16 explode. It could have

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The earliest use of the MiG-23 in Afghanistan occurred in April 1982, when aircraft of the 152nd IAP escorted a large air raid against Rabat-e-Jali in Nimruz province. This developed into a disaster when the MiG-23s failed to provide adequate air cover and the strike force accidentally crossed into

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Most potential enemies of the USSR and its client states have had opportunities to evaluate the MiG-23's performance. In the summer of 1977, after a political realignment by its government, Egypt provided a number of MiG-23MSs and MiG-23BNs to the United States; these were evaluated under a pair of

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or lightweight), which was given the NATO designation "Flogger-G". Empty weight was reduced 1,250 kg (2,760 lb) by removing the No. 4 fuselage fuel tank. Aerodynamics were refined for less drag, with the dorsal fin extension removed. The lighter weight of the airframe and a redesign of

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in certain circumstances, and development of cracks in the joints between the center fuselage and wings - and several accidents occurred with the loss of life. Around 60 production-standard MiG-23Ss were built between 1969 and the early 1970s. However these only saw brief front-line service with

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The first MiG-23S took flight on 21 May 1969, and from July 1969 to mid-1973 a total of 11 MiG-23Ss were involved in protracted testing by the Ministry of Aircraft Industry and the VVS. It was during this testing phase where a number of faults with the MiG-23 were discovered - including dangerous

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Significant improvements were made in avionics, with the incorporation of the Sapfir-23MLA-II (N008) radar which featured greater range, reliability, ECM resistance and improved modes for look-down/shoot-down over rough terrain. The radar also featured a close-in fighting mode with vertical-scan

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or interceptor) had the same airframe and powerplant as the MiG-23ML, but its avionics suite was improved to meet PVO requirements and mission profiles. Its radar was the improved Sapfir-23P (N006), which could be used in conjunction with the ASP-23P gunsight/HUD (later replaced with the improved

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the main undercarriage units resulted in a different sit on the ground, with the aircraft's nose at a lower attitude compared to the nose-high appearance of earlier variants. Structural weaknesses, in particular the wing pivot mechanism, were strengthened so that the airframe was now rated for a

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From 1984 onwards, due to the exhaustion of both its personnel and its aircraft, the Iranian air force stopped operating its fighters over the frontlines. Hence, the Iraqis started using their aircraft to attack targets further into Iran. MiG-23BNs participated in these attacks, as part of bigger

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were positioned at low altitude in order to prevent Iraqi fighters from approaching the Tomcats unobserved. These new tactics worked out when two MiG-23MFs were shot down by the F-14s after having been visually detected by the F-5s, on 25 November. Several more Iraqi fighters were lost in similar

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The first MiG-23s were supplied to Syria in April 1974. The process of making the MiG-23 operational was complex and difficult, because of the poor manufacturing quality and unreliability of the aircraft, and the lack of technical documentation. By the end of the year, up to 13 Syrian MiG-23s had

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Western and Russian aviation historians usually differ in respect to combat record for their military vehicles and doctrines part due to the bias in favor of their respective national industries and academies. They also usually accept claims going along with their respective political views since

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We taught the guys that if you were defensive with a Flogger right behind you, then you were automatically offensive, because even the worst pilot in the world would be able to deny him the shot. You would turn, he would try and turn with you, but he would never be able to turn the same corner as

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tapes to verify we were flying the right tactics, and it became clear to me that the East Germans knew exactly what the MiG-23's limitations were. They knew that since it was unmaneuverable, they had to attack from many different directions as fast as possible. It was sophisticated, and they were

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could be stretched out to an hour, though if the afterburner was used that could fall down to around 45 minutes or less. Introduced with the MiG-23M were plumbed pylons under the movable wing panels which could be fitted with 800-litre (210 US gal) drop tanks, though these could only be

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was added but the leading-edge slats were removed to simplify manufacturing. However this proved to exacerbate the MiG-23's stability issues at high AoA and made take-off and landings more difficult. The definitive Edition 3 wing design, introduced with the MiG-23M, retained the dimensions of the

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to try to give the fighter a short take-off and landing performance. Although there was a gauge in the cockpit showing the position of the wings, when they were in motion, and the Mach limit for each position, there was none to indicate what was the optimum wing position for the prevailing flight

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In the second-generation MiG-23ML, a new SUV-2ML weapons system allowed the aircraft to carry both types of R-23 missiles simultaneously. The typical loadout was an R-23R on the starboard wing pylon and an R-23T on the port wing pylon. Besides other ordnance (including a single nuclear bomb), the

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set was considerably improved as well. The S-23ML standard included Sapfir-23ML radar and TP-23M IRST. The Polyot-21-23 navigation suite, Lasour-23SML datalink, SAU-23AM flight control system, and RV-5R Reper-M radar altimeter were all improvements on previous systems. Thanks to the new SUV-2ML

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both parties are pushing back to service stored airframes after repairs with foreign assistance. The jet, serial 26144, was restored using the wings of two different airframes and became flyable again in August 2019, after around 20 years of storage. The jet was hit over the Yarmouk frontline in

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E. However, this day also marked the first MiG-23 losses of the war: three MiG-23BNs were shot down by Iranian interceptors and air defences. Several more MiG-23s were shot down in the following months, mostly MiG-23BNs. The high losses were compounded by the embargo placed on Iraq by the Soviet

1109:, but twelve former East German MiG-23s were supplied to the United States. When Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the Czechs received all the MiG-23s, which were retired in 1998. Hungary retired its MiG-23s in 1996, Poland in 1999, Romania in 2000, and Bulgaria in 2004. 1017:

Dutch pilot Leon van Maurer, who had more than 1,200 hours flying F-16s, flew against MiG-23MLs from air bases in Germany and the U.S. as part of NATO's aerial mock combat training with Soviet equipment. He concluded the MiG-23ML was superior in the vertical to early F-16 variants, just slightly

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Although many MiG-23 pilots were disappointed to discover their fighter would lose in a turning engagement with the MiG-21, the MiG-23 gave the VVS capabilities which the MiG-21 simply lacked, particularly as a high-energy fighter with BVR missiles. However, throughout the 1970s and early 1980s

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In the mid-1980s, newer versions of the MiG-23 entered service with the Libyan Air Force. Around 20 MiG-23MFs were received in 1984 to re-equip the 1060th Squadron. 48 MiG-23MLDs were also ordered in the same period. Two Squadrons, the 1023rd and 1024th, were created to operate these aircraft.

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reconnaissance aircraft flying over Iraq. Even though these aircraft were unarmed, they proved very hard to catch, and each of their flights was protected by a pair of F-14s; on 1 January 1984, Tomcats shot down a MiG-23MF while escorting an RF-4E. Later that month, an RF-4E was shot down by a

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captured by the North Vietnamese and sent to the former USSR for evaluation. The Soviets acknowledged the F-5 was a very agile aircraft, and at some speeds and altitudes better than the MiG-23M, one of the main reasons the MiG-23MLD and MiG-29 developments were started. These tests allowed the

2349:("Flogger-G", Model 23-12, Izdyelie 3) The early MiG-23 variants had a number of design shortcomings, including airframe strength and reliability, engine performance, maneuverability and radar performance. A considerable redesign of the airframe was conducted, resulting in the MiG-23ML (L - 1904:

Some time later the remaining six MiG-23MS examples and six MiG-23BNs, as well as 16 MiG-21MFs, two Sukhoi Su-20 Fitters, two MiG-21Us, two Mil Mi-8 Hips and ten KSR-2s were purchased for the Foreign Technology Division, a special department of the USAF, responsible for evaluating adversary

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in the vicinity of the Syrian town of Kessab. The pilot ejected safely and was recovered by friendly forces. Turkish sources said the fighter violated Turkish airspace and it was downed after several radio warnings while approaching the border. Another Syrian MiG-23 returned to Syria after

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The maximum climb rate for the MiG-23 variant 1971 and the MiG-23M, especially at low altitudes shows a big difference gap. The difference between the MiG-23M and MiG-23ML is much smaller, but also noticeable. The maximum calculated climb rate on the MiG-23 sub variant 1971 is 174 m/s

2048:("Flogger-A") was the designation given to the prototype MiG-23 built for testing purposes. Although the experimental model featured the same basic design as later MiG-23/-27 models, it lacked the sawtooth leading edge common on later variants. It also shares design elements with the 2453:

in azimuth and 15° in elevation. As with the MiG-23MF, there were two different MiG-23ML sub-variants for export: the first version was sold to Warsaw Pact countries and was very similar to Soviet aircraft. The second variant had downgraded radar and it was sold to Third World allies.

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unstable in yaw as it passed the sound barrier and again when approaching Mach 2; that its narrow landing gear, although designed to be used on unprepared surfaces, tended to slip and slide in adverse weather conditions; and because it sat low to the ground, it could more easily suck

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MiG-23MS engaged two EAF MiG-21MF which had been upgraded to carry Western air-to-air missiles such as the AIM-9P3 Sidewinder. The Libyan pilots made the mistake of trying to outmaneuver the more nimble Egyptian MiG-21s, and one MiG-23MS was shot down by Maj. Sal Mohammad with an

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Starting with the Edition 1971 model, the MiG-23's wings (known as Edition 2) had their surface area increased by 20%, necessitating the positions be changed to 18°, 47° 40', and 74° 40' (though for convenience the cockpit indicators and manuals retained the original labeling). A

1629:. Despite these limitations, SAAF pilots were able to vector within the firing envelope and fire air-to-air missiles at MiG-23s (gun camera shots evidence this). The missiles either missed or exploded ineffectually behind in the tail plume rather than homing on the hot airframe. 382:

were the main Western influences on the MiG-23. The Soviets, however, wanted a much lighter, single-engined fighter to maximize agility. Both the F-111 and the MiG-23 were designed as fighters, but the heavy weight and inherent stability of the F-111 turned it into a long-range

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from a SAM battery. Due to this success, an additional 24 MiG-23MS interceptors, as well as a similar number of MiG-23BN strike variants, were delivered to Syria during the following year. In 1977, Syria bought between 28 and 30 MiG-23MFs, and the deliveries started in 1978.

914:": as the two aircraft approached and passed close by each other the MiG-23, instead of trying to turn one way or the other with the enemy aircraft (as in a one-circle or two-circle fight), would speed on ahead until it could come back into the fight from a different angle. 1520:

reported downing eight Iraqi MiG-23s with F-15s. Iraqi documents confirm the total destruction of 43 MiG-23s from all causes, with another 10 damaged and 12 others fleeing to Iran. This left Iraq with just 63 MiG-23s after the war, including 18 MiG-23BNs and 12 trainers.

1468:

killed while flying MiG-23MS/MFs is twice as high as the official figure for all MiG-23 interceptor variants. In return, Iraqi MiG-23 pilots have claimed around 20 aerial victories, of which seven have been confirmed after cross-examination with data from Iranian sources.

2573:

No new-build "MLD" aircraft were delivered to the VVS, as the more advanced MiG-29 was about to enter production. Instead, all Soviet "MLD"s were former "ML/MLA" aircraft modified to "MLD" standard, with 560 examples being converted at three VVS maintenance facilities in

2127:("Flogger-A") was another interim variant which replaced the MiG-23S starting in late 1970; while known simply as the MiG-23, it was also called the MiG-23 Edition 1971. It was the first to feature the Sapfir-23 radar (albeit the unreliable Sapfir-23L model which lacked 1443:

On 20 February 1986, Colonel Abdolbaghi Darvish was shot down by an Iraqi MiG-23ML while flying his Iranian Fokker F27 Friendship (F27-600). All 51 crew and passengers were killed. The aircraft was carrying a delegation of military and government officials on a mission.

2312:("Flogger-E") Virtually identical to the MiG-23MS, the only difference was that the MiG-23MP added a dielectric head above the pylon, a feature associated with ground-attack versions. A possible developmental prototype, very few were produced and none were exported. 2616:(EW) suite, and an inert gas system was placed in the fuel tanks to prevent fires. The pilot's survivability and visibility was also enhanced by raising their seat and armoring the cockpit windscreen. Instead of the R-29 engine, the MiG-23B was fitted with the 1304:

Since then, Syrian Air Force MiG-23s together with different Syrian Air Force fighter jets have regularly been spotted performing attack runs on Syrian insurgents, who have claimed different MiGs being shot down or destroyed on the ground on different occasions.

2763:

A proposed series of upgrades to the MiG-23 offered by Mikoyan in the late 1990s. At a cost of around US$ 1 million, it included new radar, self-defense suite and avionics, along with improved cockpit ergonomics, helmet-mounted display, and the ability to fire

2552:

capability covering a narrow sector in front of the fighter. Against a bomber-sized target operating at medium to high altitudes, the Sapfire-23MLA-II had a maximum detection range of 70 km (43 mi). Other improvements included the SPO-15L Beryoza

866:

Initially, American intelligence on the MiG-23 assumed that the fighter could turn well and had reasonable acceleration capability, but testing during HAVE PAD proved this assumption to be incorrect. While its turning capability was comparable to an original

1833:

In the following weeks, both the Libyan National Army Air Force and the opposing Libyan Dawn Air Force, restored a number of MiG-23BN, MiG-23ML and MiG-23UB to flying status and they were recorded while flying over Libyan skies and striking enemy positions.

1028:

In general, with this sweep wing angle of 45 degrees are significantly inferior to the wing 16 degrees of wing swept. Maximum sustained turn rate near the ground: 13.35 g/s for MiG-23 model 71, 14.5 g/s for MiG-23M and 15.4 g/s for MiG-23ML.

930:

going to overwhelm us if we ever went up against them. I sat down with some analysts and linguists and listened to what the pilots were saying to their GCI controllers and I actually started to respect them for what they were doing with a very limited asset.

1393:

on 15 November 1981, the pilots of Iraqi MiG-23 interceptor units started trying to sneak upon the Iranian Tomcats in a similar way a few days later. However, following these two losses, the Iranian pilots had adapted their tactics. While the F-14s flew

2645:("Flogger-A") The first Flogger attack variant was powered by the AL-21F. Only 24 were produced, due to a lack of engines (the AL-21F was destined for the Sukhoi Su-17/22 and the Su-24 Fencer). It was armed with the GSh-23L cannon, carrying 200 rounds. 578:

The MiG-23 cockpit was considered an improvement over previous Soviet fighters as it was more ergonomic in its layout. However the pilot still had a high workload, having to manipulate switches and monitor gauges, compared to more modern aircraft with

1829:

On 28 February 2016, a MiG-23MLA serial 6453 was restored to flying status after several years, becoming the only MiG-23 in service with the Libyan Air Force as of March 2016, performing missions against enemy positions and vehicles since March 2016.

626:

deployed to slow down the seat, allowing the deployment of the main parachute. If engaged at low altitudes, the seat included a barometric element that allowed the drogue chute to separate more quickly. One problem with the KM-1 was that it was not a

6698: 2612:. The navigation suite and autopilot were updated to provide more accurate bombing, while the pylons were strengthened to increase the maximum bomb payload to 3,000 kg. To improve the fighter's survivability, the Flogger-F was fitted with an 1268:, but sometimes inside Syrian airspace too. MiG-23s were often scrambled in response, and they have reportedly shot down several UAVs, starting in July 2001. Indeed, between 2001 and 2006, up to 10 Israeli UAVs were shot down over Syria each year. 2533:("Flogger-K", Model 23-18) The MiG-23MLD was the ultimate fighter variant of the MiG-23. The main focus of the upgrade was to improve maneuverability, especially during high AoA, which was identified as the MiG-23M/ML's chief shortcoming. The 1675:

Libya received a total of 54 MiG-23MS and 15 MiG-23UBs between 1975 and 1978, as well as 35 to 38 MiG-23BNs. These aircraft entered service with the 1040th, 1050th, 1060th and 1070th Squadrons. The 1040th and 1050th Squadrons were staffed by

775:

at most before requiring replacement. This was partly because Russian engines were designed to last about 150 hours before being replaced. It was also a way to generate income from export customers by selling them new engines in exchange for

1428:

MiG-23MF. Another RF-4E was shot down yet again by an MiG-23MF in June. That year also marked the arrival of the first MiG-23MLs; in total, at least 64 were ordered by Iraq. On 11 August, one of the new MiG-23MLs shot down the F-14 flown by

6989: 1376:

and was used in both air-to-air and air-to-ground roles. On the first day of the war (22 September), both the MiG-23MS and the MiG-23BNs participated in attacks against Iranian airbases. The next day, an Iraqi MiG-23MS shot down an Iranian

481:

The MiG-23M, the definitive first-generation variant of the fighter, was equipped with the improved Sapfir-23D look-down/shoot-down radar and could carry a pair of R-23 missiles (either the R-23R SARH or R-23T IR variants) and a pair of

6959: 1351:

Fs. Deliveries lasted from 1974 to 1978, and consisted of 18 MiG-23MS interceptors, between 36 and 40 MiG-23BN strike aircraft, and several MiG-23UB trainers. The introduction of these new aircraft proved particularly difficult for the

5542: 1232:

On 13 April 1974, after almost 100 days of artillery exchanges and skirmishes along the Golan Heights, Syrian helicopters delivered commandos to attack the Israeli observation post at Jebel Sheikh. This provoked heavy clashes in the

1101:

began to cut back its fighter force, and it was decided that the single-engine MiG-23s and MiG-27s were to be retired to operational storage. The last model to serve was the MiG-23P air-defense variant: it was retired on 1 May 1998.

3392:. A total of 36 MiG-23MF single-seaters and six MiG-23UB trainers were delivered to the Polish Air Force between 1979 and 1982. The last of them were withdrawn in September 1999. During the period four planes were lost in accidents. 1750:. Although they were flown aggressively, with their pilots sometimes trying to get into a firing position behind the American fighters (with little success), neither the MiG-23s nor their opponents opened fire against each other. 1555:, the entire Iraqi Air Force remained grounded with several airframes found by US and allied forces around the Iraqi air bases in derelict condition after the invasion. The invasion marked the end of Iraqi service for the MiG-23. 2425:

was 215 m/s (710 ft/s), though this fell off as altitude increased. In total, the time it took a MiG-23ML to take off and reach 15,000 m (49,000 ft) while accelerating to Mach 2.1 on full afterburner was 4.3

862:

to familiarize American pilots with Soviet aircraft. Additionally, a Cuban pilot flew a MiG-23BN to the U.S. in 1991, and a Libyan MiG-23 pilot also defected to Greece in 1981. In both cases, the aircraft were later repatriated.

346:

The 23-11 featured variable-geometry wings which could be set to angles of 16, 45 and 72 degrees, and it was clearly more promising. The maiden flight of 23–11 took place on 10 June 1967, flown by the famous MiG test pilot

290:) demanded the new aircraft have a much shorter take-off run. Low-level speed and handling was also to be improved over the MiG-21. Manoeuvrability was not an urgent requirement. This led Mikoyan to consider two options: 243:. Production started in 1969 and reached large numbers with over 5,000 aircraft built, making it the most produced variable-sweep wing aircraft in history. The MiG-23 remains in limited service with some export customers. 2546:

was much more difficult to handle and suffered from poor acceleration. Moving the wings to this position was primarily reserved for experienced MiG-23 pilots, while combat manuals continued to emphasize the 45° position.

1419:

having paid for it. In 1982, the Soviets lifted their embargo, and aircraft deliveries restarted: 18 additional MiG-23MFs were delivered, together with 18 MiG-23BNs equipped with the ECM system requested since the 1970s.

1290:

anti-tank guided missile to hit the derelict MiG. Later, in March 2013 they entered in the base, showing the worn out and damaged MiG. Finally, in May 2013, the Syrian Air Force bombed it to completely destroy the wreck.

770:

engine, the R-29 would generate smoke when operating without the afterburner. The engine outer cases ran very hot, which sometimes triggered false fire alarms. Moreover, the engine was good for only a couple of hundred

2738:

A multi-role variant based on the MiG-23K, it was planned for three sub-variants: the MiG-23AI (fighter), MiG-23AB (ground-attack), and MiG-23AR (reconnaissance). The variant was cancelled for the same reason as the

1077:

By the 1980s, the MiG-23's accident rate in the VVS averaged 12.5 losses per 100,000 flying hours. This was often worse in the air forces of the Warsaw Pact allies: 24.3 major mishaps per 100,000 flying hours in the

791:, the engine shaft could bend. Compressor blades would rub sending debris into the turbine causing turbine blades to break off, destroying the engine. Introduction of the R-29B-300 addressed this design deficiency. 2541:, and the wing's notched leading edge roots were 'saw-toothed' to act as vortex generators as well. The flight-control system incorporated the SOS-3-4 synthetic stick-stop device/signals limiter being used on the 1773:

MiG-23s were used to bomb rebel positions. On 15 March 2011, a rebel website reported that opposition forces started using a captured MiG-23 and a helicopter to sink 2 loyalist ships and bomb some tank positions.

7134: 1195:

aircraft. This later became the 169th Guards Composite Air Regiment. They flew over 400 sorties from Cam Ranh airbase, staying there until 1989, when the aircraft were withdrawn and returned to the air force.

282:). Work began on a replacement for the MiG-21 in the early 1960s. The new aircraft was required to have better performance and range than the MiG-21, while carrying more capable avionics and weapons including 1738:

were flown too, with the more advanced MiG-23MF and MiG-23MLD variants being used as well. On 5 January 1987, a Libyan MiG-23 was shot down and few months later, on 5 September 1987, Chadian forces performed

6690: 5852: 977:

The MiG-23's speed in particular was used as a teaching aid for a couple of situations during a potential war with the Soviet Union. The first was at low altitudes to demonstrate its ability to run down any

3086:. A total of 90 MiG-23s served the Bulgarian Air Force from 1976 to their withdrawal from service in 2004. The exact count is: 33 MiG-23BN, 12 MiG-23MF, 1 MiG-23ML, 8 MiG-23MLA, 21 MiG-23MLD and 15 MiG-23UB 1971:

who claimed they shot it down, showing the pilot with his Zsh-7 flying helmet (originally intended for Su-27 and MiG-29), a flight suit, a MiG-23 English manual and the crash site with charred metal parts.

7996: 5749: 812:

redesign allowed for a fourth tank carrying 470 litres (120 US gal) to be fitted in the rear of the fuselage. This fuel capacity gave the MiG-23 better endurance than a "clean" F-4 (carrying no

1733:

performing different roles, starting in 1981. During the first years of their involvement, both the MiG-23MS and MiG-23BN variants were used, almost exclusively for ground attack. Later in the war, some

1881:

Egypt became one of the first export customers when it bought in 1974 eight MiG-23MS interceptors, eight MiG-23BN strikers and four MIG-23UB trainers, concentrating them into a single squadron based at

4860: 1301:

On 13 August 2012, a Syrian MiG-23BN was reportedly shot down by the rebels of the Free Syrian Army near Deir ez-Zor, although the government claimed that it went down due to technical difficulties.

3285:. The MiG-23BN ground attack aircraft was phased out on 6 March 2009 and the MiG-23MF air defence interceptor phased out in 2007. 14 MiG 23UB trainers in service according to "World Air Forces 2020" 6981: 6667: 2637:, only three prototypes and 24 production aircraft of the MiG-23B were produced between 1971 and 1972. Restrictions on the AL-21 also prevented the MiG-23B from being exported to foreign customers. 1139:

from 1987. Two MiG-23 were claimed shot down by Pakistani F-16s when crossing the border (they both were not confirmed) while one F-16 was shot down on 29 April 1987. Western sources consider it a

751:-300 with thrust to spare at the aircraft top speed of Mach 2.4. It also had a fast acceleration time, taking 3–4 seconds to go from idle to full power, and took less than a second to ignite the 599:

to the side or behind. To assist with looking directly behind the pilot, the cockpit was fitted with a mirror or 'periscope' embedded in the middle rail of the canopy, similar to the one on the

6955: 5216: 2669:("Flogger-D") The predecessor to the MiG-27, this experimental variant differed from the standard MiG-23BM in that its dielectric heads were moved from the pylons to directly on the wing roots. 1200: 666:

in the cockpit. There were three main sweep angles that were set by the pilot for different levels of flying. The first, with the wings fully spread at 16°, was used when cruising at or below

5533: 1124:

Soviet MiG-23s were used over Afghanistan, often being used to escort missions close to the borders of Pakistan and Iran, as the MiG-21 lacked the necessary range to do so. Some of them were

6902: 2629:", flew on 20 August 1970. While it was fitted with same wing design as the MiG-23S, all subsequent models had the improved Edition 2 design. However, because the AL-21 was needed for the 6933: 1385:

Despite the embargo, five MiG-23MFs that had been delivered prior to the outbreak of the war were rushed into service in the latter half of 1981. Attempting to replicate the success of the

1277: 2421:

speed of 540 km/h (340 mph). At the same altitude, accelerating from 600 km/h (370 mph) to 1,000 km/h (620 mph) at full afterburn took 12 seconds, while the

1743:, destroying several Libyan aircraft on the ground, among them, three MiG-23s. On 8 October 1987, a MiG-23BN was shot down by ground fire, with its pilot being recovered by a helicopter. 6254: 5257: 2772:(NATO: AA-12 "Adder") missiles. For a lesser price, the existing Sapfir-23 would be improved along with newer missiles and other avionics. Airframe life extension was offered as well. 1948:

from May 1998 to June 2000, even striking targets at the airport in the Eritrean capital city, Asmara on several occasions. Three Ethiopian MiG-23BNs were claimed shot down by Eritrean

7905: 3200:. Used until Egypt turned towards Western Governments. Six MiG-23BN/MS/UBs were sent to China in exchange for military hardware; China used them to reverse engineer the MiG-23 as the 1018:

inferior to the F-16A in the horizontal, and had superior BVR capability. The Soviet combat manual for MiG-23M pilots claims the MiG-23M to have a slight superiority over the F-4 and

967:, so when they all of a sudden get this Flogger coming at Mach 1.5, it really changes the geometry of things. It blows your mind because you are not used to seeing that kind of speed. 739:

suffered from poor acceleration. Moving the wings to this position was primarily reserved for experienced MiG-23 pilots, while combat manuals continued to emphasize the 45° position.

5479: 524:/Kh-23M air-to-surface missile, or a single RN-24 or RN-40 nuclear bomb. The MiG-23MLD's maximum bomb load was 2,000 kg (4,400 lb), with a standard loadout comprising four 3558: 2167: 2158:

Around 80 MiG-23 Edition 1971s were manufactured in 1971. These briefly saw service with frontline VVS fighter regiments until eventually being assigned to a training role in 1978.

1817:

On 23 March 2015, a New General National Congress operated MiG-23UB was shot down while bombing Al Watiya airbase, controlled by the Libyan House of Representative probably with an

1886:. By 1975 all Egyptian MiG-23s had been withdrawn from active duty and placed in storage due to the Egyptian foreign policy shifting towards the West and thus losing USSR support. 1014:

Russians to make modifications to several of their fourth-generation aircraft. The MiG-23, however, was not designed to combat F-5s, a weakness reflected by early MiG-23 variants.

854:

exploitation programs codenamed HAVE PAD and HAVE BOXER respectively. These and other MiGs, including additional MiG-23s acquired from other sources, were used as part of a secret

7055: 6850: 1183:' aircraft, with an officer in the back seat observing and issuing commands to a strike group below him. The concept was dubbed "I am my own AWACS" by the Soviet pilots involved. 2072:("Flogger-A") was the initial production variant. An interim variant, it was externally similar to the prototype but as the Sapfir-23 had been delayed it was equipped with the 1125: 6549: 5877: 6759: 845:

limits until a solution could be found. Prior to quality being improved in later models, one fix was to weld a plate on the inside surface and a stiffener on the outer skin.

7813: 7166: 4405: 1941:

and cluster munitions, were not only aimed at the rebels, but against civilian populations (in both Eritrea and Ethiopia) and humanitarian convoys in a deliberate fashion.

1191:

MiG-23s of the Soviet Air Force were transferred to the Soviet Navy on two occasions. In 1984 a full regiment of MiG-23s was deployed to Vietnam to escort naval patrols by

726:

to improve directional stability at high speeds. During take-off and landing, the fin hinged sideways when the landing gear was extended to prevent it striking the ground.

1617:

pilots the ability to engage SAAF aircraft from most aspects. The SAAF, hobbled by an international arms embargo, was forced to carry an obsolescent version of the French

7108: 2023:

Sudan received extensive military aid, including 12 MiG-23MS and one MiG-23UB from former enemy Libya starting in 1987. They quickly entered service fighting against the

4410: 1440:. Iraqi MiG-23MLs downed another Tomcat on 2 September 1986, when Iranian Air Force Captain Ahmad Moradi Talebi was shot down while attempting to defect with his F-14A. 7130: 9967: 4550: 2653:("Flogger-H") An export variant reserved for Warsaw Pact countries. In addition to the PrNK-23 system, additional radar warning receivers were mounted on the intakes. 2220:

regiments had also converted to the MiG-23M. However, problems with the airframe's structural elements and wing sweep mechanism failures resulted in a self-imposed 5-

963:

One of the MiG-23s would retreat while the other guy would come in behind you. In the training environment the Blue Air pilots would do their intercepts at 350 to 400

8644: 4415: 4058:

4,260 L (1,130 US gal; 940 imp gal) internal with provision for up to 3x 800 L (210 US gal; 180 imp gal) drop-tanks

2208:

factory in 1972, and by 1974 it reached an impressive thirty-plus airframes a month, with peaks of up to forty a month. The first MiG-23Ms entered service with the

5848: 9614: 9267: 9050: 7988: 6579: 3256:; 16 MiG-23s served and were withdrawn in 1997; the exact count is: 12 MiG-23MFs and four MiG-23UBs (one of them was purchased in 1990 from the Soviet Air Force). 1234: 6821: 6729: 5741: 829:

Early models of the MiG-23 ran into problems with the plane's No. 2 fuel tank suffering structural failures, which were especially problematic as the tanks were

1532:

surface-to-air missiles rather than enemy aircraft. Also, no Tornado loss is attributed to enemy aircraft as per the Royal Air Force and the Italian Air Force.

9369: 9347: 1905:

technologies. These were exchanged for weapons and spares support, including AIM-9J/P Sidewinder missiles, which were installed on remaining Egyptian MiG-21s.

1152:

been downed by gunfire from a MiG whose pilot did not report the kill, because Soviet pilots were not allowed to attack Pakistani aircraft without permission.

826:

carried with the wings at full spread and had to be jettisoned otherwise, and a third 800-liter drop tank could be carried under the fuselage on the MiG-23ML.

8027: 11112: 6790: 5616: 4857: 4217:

2 × fuselage, 2 × wing glove and 2 × wing pylons with a capacity of up to 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) of stores, with provisions to carry combinations of:

1583:, two MiG-23 pilots surprised a pair of Mirages and fired missiles: Alberto Ley Rivas engaged a Mirage flown by Captain Arthur Douglas Piercy with a pair of 1324:

UAV was shot down by a Syrian MiG-23MLD in the vicinity of the Syrian town of Derra. On 16 June, another Selex ES Falco was shot down by MiG-23ML both using

516:

missiles. The final fighter variant, the MiG-23MLD, could also carry the improved R-24R/T missiles in addition to a pair of B8M1 20-round rocket pods firing

7272: 6453: 6381: 1897:

jets, spare parts and technical support for the Egyptian fleet of Soviet-supplied MiG-17 and MiG-21s. The Chinese used the aircraft as the basis for their

1382:

Union in reaction to the war. By the end of 1980, Iraqi MiG-23MS pilots had claimed a total of three F-5Es shot down, all of them over the Iraqi airspace.

470:(AA-7 "Apex") missile, although only the R-23R SARH variant. However, the Sapfir-23L was considered unreliable and lacked look-down/shoot-down capability. 6663: 5017: 2064:

but was armed with guns and featured the sawtooth leading edge of later MiG-23s. It also marked the divergence point of the MiG-23/-27 and Su-24 designs.

250:, a dedicated ground-attack variant. Among many minor changes, the MiG-27 replaced the MiG-23's nose-mounted radar system with an optical panel holding a 8696: 887:. Conversely, the MiG-23's acceleration capability was tremendous, particularly at low altitudes (below 10,000 ft or 3,000 m) and crossing the 2757:

A variant which would've been armed with the new R-146 missile and one of several engine configurations: a single R-100, an R-69F, or twin R-33 engines.

1858:

city and the pilot, Amer Jagem was detained after ejecting. A video emerged showing the aircraft diving for attack with soldiers on the ground firing a

2556:, A-321 Klystron digital tactical radio navigation/automatic landing system, SAU-23-18 automatic flight control system, and SARP-12-24 crash-resistant 404:

The armament carried by the MiG-23 changed as new models underwent development. The initial production variant, the MiG-23S, was fitted with the S-21

5208: 2951:; 3 MiG-23MS/UBs in service as of December 2023. Four were refurbished locally in 2016, after nearly 20 years in storage. One was lost during testing. 1252:

The MiG-23MF, MiG-23MS and MiG-23BN were used in combat by Syria over Lebanon between 1981 and 1985. On 26 April 1981, Syria claimed that two Israeli

7867: 6876: 2845: 1711:, in the middle of the Italian region of Calabria. The deceased pilot, Captain Ezzedin Fadhel Khalil, was found still strapped to his ejection seat. 10776: 7963: 6898: 1613:

CZ and F1AZ fighters in terms of power/acceleration, radar/avionics capabilities, and air-to-air weapons. The MiG-23's R-23 and R-60 missiles gave

7848: 6925: 5646: 5254: 3859:

a stray Soviet MiG-23M flew 900 km (600 mi) with no one at the controls after the pilot had ejected shortly after takeoff, eventually

1143:

incident but the Soviet-backed Afghan government of the time and Pakistan claimed that Soviet aircraft downed the Pakistani F-16 – a claim that

714:

and roll, in the latter case working in conjunction with wing control surfaces when the wings were not fully swept back. In addition to a large

7941: 6508: 6246: 4124:

2,360 km (1,470 mi; 1,270 nmi) with standard armament and 3x 800 L (210 US gal; 180 imp gal) drop-tanks

2209: 2112: 1781:

was shot down over Benghazi by its own air defenses, which mistook it for a loyalist aircraft. The pilot was killed after he ejected too late.

5962: 5898:"Iraqi Perspectives Project Phase II. Um Al-Ma'arik (The Mother of All Battles): Operational and Strategic Insights from an Iraqi Perspective" 5186: 3204:

but since the Chinese could not reverse engineer the R-29 and build a reliable turbofan, the only MiG-23 elements that were used ended in the

1074:. It was not until the widespread introduction of the MiG-23MLD that Soviet pilots began to use the MiG-23 as a true air-superiority fighter. 917:

The MiG-23's deficits and qualities were also recognized by allied air forces which received the fighter from the Soviet Union, including the

9893: 7707: 7658: 7491: 6350: 2568:

dispensers mounted in the underfuselage centerline pylon, complemented by the two thirty-round upward-firing BVP-50-60 chaff/flare dispenser.

1486:

with MiG-23BN and Su-22 aircraft as the main strike assets. A number of Iraqi aircraft and helicopters were shot down by Kuwaiti air defense

7902: 2224:

restriction until 1977, when quality controls and strengthening measures addressed the problem and allowed for MiG-23M squadrons to conduct

9920: 6430: 5471: 3683:, as both test and evaluation aircraft and in an aggressor role for fighter pilot training, from 1977 through 1988 in a program codenamed " 2237: 5391: 1795:

On 9 April, a rebel MiG-23 was intercepted over Benghazi by NATO aircraft and escorted back to its base for violating the UN no-fly zone.

7238: 7047: 7022: 6224: 6049: 3170: 3048:. 40 MiG-23BN ordered in 1975, with deliveries starting in 1976. 16 MiG-23MF delivered in 1982. The last aircraft were withdrawn in 2008. 2778:

An export upgrade offered to Angolan MiG-23MLs, improving the radar so they could fire new types of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons.

2116: 1199:

The second instance of MiG-23s serving with the Soviet Navy occurred from 1990 to 1994, when nine MiG-23UB trainers were attached to the

1171:

helicopters that had trespassed into Soviet airspace, one helicopter being dispatched by two R-60 missiles and the other by cannon fire.

6846: 5987: 2494:. The IRST however was removed. The SAU-23P autopilot included a new digital computer which, operating in conjunction with the Lasur-M 1025:

the maximum instantaneous turn rate near the ground for the MiG-23 model 71 and MiG-23M is 16.5 deg/s, and for the MiG-23ML 18.3 deg/s.

10781: 4915: 3927: 5156: 2732:

variant based on the MiG-23ML, it was cancelled after the cancellation and subsequent redesign of the Soviet aircraft carrier project.

2379:

of 0.83 (versus 0.77 for the MiG-23M), though in real-world conditions the ratio would be lower due to engine 'detuning', and a lower

6541: 5874: 4974: 4934: 1113: 540: 533: 6751: 6641: 6610: 4071:, 83.6 kN (18,800 lbf) thrust with variable-geometry nozzles dry, 127.49 kN (28,660 lbf) with afterburner 1244:

Es and shot two of them down after firing three missiles. He was about to attack another F-4 with cannon fire, but was shot down by

459:

or up to 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) of various bomb types. The MiG-23 Edition 1971, equipped with the Sapfir-23L radar and TP-23

355:). Six more flight prototypes and two static-test prototypes were prepared for further flight and system testing. All featured the 7810: 7751: 5904: 3694: 2387:

was also extended to 450 hours, though like earlier engines it was limited to only ten hours at full military power or afterburner.

902:

Among the nicknames the Constant Peg pilots had for the MiG-23 was the "Looping Hog" because it flew like a pig and one of the few

7156: 6195: 6115: 6090: 5771: 2478: 10915: 9942: 8689: 1460:

missions. Thanks to the decreased presence of IRIAF interceptors and to the much-improved protection offered by escort, SEAD and

498: 494: 5564: 5509: 5231: 3623:. The program did not go ahead and the Q-6 was not built, but some features from the MiG-23 features were incorporated into the 1548:

at the MiG but missed and the MiG headed back north. However, the aircraft then crashed while its pilot was attempting to land.

11280: 8118: 7339: 7104: 6025: 3421:. A total of 46 MiG-23 served from 1979 until 2001 and were withdrawn in 2003; the exact count is: 36 MiG-23MF and 10 MiG-23UB. 2383:

of 1.96 kg/kgf.h at maximum afterburn (versus 2.09 in the earlier R-27F2M-300). After initial issues of reliability, the

2205: 2024: 6524: 2264:(ECCM) features and had lower overall performance. Their communication equipment was also less powerful, with the Lasour-SMA 11305: 11300: 11285: 11020: 8582: 8563: 8458: 8346: 8327: 8306: 8287: 8268: 8249: 8230: 8093: 7777: 7721: 7199: 6492: 6473: 6143: 5364: 5328: 5295: 4494: 1294:

Syrian MiG-23BNs bombed the city of Aleppo on 24 July 2012, becoming the first use of fixed-wing aircraft for bombing in the

7727: 7205: 5590: 4542: 1889:

Starting in 1978 China purchased from Egypt two MiG-23MS interceptors, two MiG-23BNs, two MiG-23UBs, ten MiG-21MFs, and ten

11290: 10998: 8223:

MiG-23 Flogger in the Middle East, Mikoyan i Gurevich MiG-23 in Service in Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Libya and Syria, 1973-2018

5126: 5098: 2906: 7632: 7081: 5238: 899:

into its engine intakes. In general the MiG-23 was unpopular with the American pilots because it was so dangerous to fly.

691: 595:, the control column incorporated a "knuckle rapper" which would strike the pilot's knuckles as the limit was approached. 10761: 4138:

2,360 km (1,470 mi, 1,270 nmi) with 3x 800 L (210 US gal; 180 imp gal) drop-tanks

2902: 2517:("Flogger-L") Similar to the MiG-23P except the IRST was restored and the cumbersome radar scope replaced with a new HUD. 1968: 1846: 1544:

missile. On 9 September 1999, a lone MiG-23 crossed the no-fly zone heading towards a flight of F-14s. One F-14 fired an

936: 711: 5039: 8682: 6571: 2261: 1883: 1747: 1692: 1429: 1180: 999: 8144: 6813: 6721: 4953: 4519: 11107: 8601: 8500: 8477: 8426: 8404: 8365: 8192: 8064: 3948:

Brassey's world aircraft & systems directory, 1996/97 Jet Fighter MiG-23. Protecting the skies of the Motherland,

3227:; In 1990 the West German Air Force inherited 18 MiG-23BNs, 9 MiG-23MFs, 28 MiG-23MLs, 8 MiG-23UBs from East Germany. 2416:

Overall the MiG-23ML's combat effectiveness was about 20 per cent better than the MiG-23M according to Mikoyan OKB.

10910: 10751: 10660: 10546: 10423: 8019: 3880: 3529: 3347: 3026: 2840: 2380: 1822: 1803: 1660: 379: 6782: 6373: 5612: 3090: 2417: 1595:. Although the missiles homed on the Mirages, only one R-23R exploded close enough to cause damage to the landing 1066:

Soviet pilots continued to train and operate the MiG-23 in the same inflexible manner as the MiG-21: a high-speed

723: 11042: 11013: 10756: 7264: 6450: 5933: 3025:. 30 were in service in 1992; an unknown number of aircraft were shot down or destroyed on the ground during the 1477: 375: 3747:

Two ex-Czech aircraft, N51734 and N5106E, are registered for civilian use in the United States and are based at

10724: 10595: 10566: 10448: 10293: 9951: 9497: 9475: 9470: 9465: 8941: 5014: 3701: 2499: 2088:) on afterburner; later version used the uprated R-27F2M-300 with a dry thrust of 64.53 kN (14,510 lb 1865:

in response. The LNA reported they lost a MiG-23 due to technical fault, denying it crashed due to enemy fire.

1160: 1082:; 20.4 losses per 100,000 flying hours in the East German Air Force; 18 losses per 100,000 flying hours in the 1071: 643: 7886: 2080:. The first MiG-23Ss were powered by an R-27F-300 turbojet with a dry thrust of 67.62 kN (15,200 lb 990:), which would be attempting to go low and fast to penetrate Soviet territory. The second was to simulate the 638:

Starting with the MiG-23 Edition 1971, the MiG-23 replaced the head-down radar scope with an ASP-23D gunsight/

11047: 10278: 9959: 7924: 2974: 1842: 1807: 1754: 1719: 1283: 911: 884: 646:(GCI) instructions. Israeli pilots who flew captured versions of the MiG-23 found it relatively easy to use. 348: 9950: 7380:

Civil Airworthiness Certification: Former Military High-Performance Aircraft. (2013). Stickshaker Pubs. 2-23

7310:

Civil Airworthiness Certification: Former Military High-Performance Aircraft. (2013). Stickshaker Pubs. 2-22

7298:

Civil Airworthiness Certification: Former Military High-Performance Aircraft. (2013). Stickshaker Pubs. 2-20

10993: 10741: 10704: 10640: 10615: 10561: 10468: 9955: 2826: 2337: 2260:

client states. Like the 23-11A it featured the Sapfir-23D-III radar (redesignated Sapfir-23E), but lacked

2249: 1655: 1614: 1573: 286:(BVR) missiles. A major design consideration was take-off and landing performance. The Soviet Air Force ( 224: 8518:

Markovskiy, Victor (1997). "Жаркое небо Афганистана: Часть IX" [Hot Sky of Afghanistan: Part IX].

7864: 6872: 3231: 755:. The aircraft's placarded top speed was set by cockpit canopy structural strength. The engine intake had 367:). The order to start series production of the MiG-23 was given in December 1967. The first production " 11295: 11074: 11030: 10888: 10716: 10699: 10536: 10509: 10413: 10403: 10283: 10258: 9935: 2401: 1730: 1512:

revealed that they possessed 127 MiG-23s, including 38 MiG-23BNs and 21 MiG-23 trainers, at the start of

1403:

circumstances during this period. MiG-23BN units continued suffering losses too, especially to F-14s and

464: 283: 240: 7973: 6342: 1873: 1621:

missile or early-generation V-3 Kukri missiles, which had limited range and performance relative to the

830: 10694: 10677: 10635: 10588: 7845: 3114: 1945: 1237:. On 19 April 1974, Captain al-Masry, flying a MiG-23MS on a weapons test mission, spotted a group of 614:, the KM-1, was built with extreme altitude and speed in mind: leg stirrups, shoulder harness, pelvic 387:

and kept it out of the fighter role. The MiG-23's designers kept the MiG-23 light and agile enough to

11275: 10578: 10541: 10519: 10504: 10443: 10418: 10318: 10238: 7662: 7495: 5638: 4339: 3860: 3832: 3328: 3151: 2367:

A new engine model, the R-35F-300, now provided a maximum dry thrust of 83.82 kN (18,840 lb

2217: 2028: 1740: 1461: 1412: 1226: 1164: 1094: 460: 5178: 3758:

An ex-Bulgarian VVS aircraft, N923UB, is operational and on display at the Cold War Air Museum near

3619:

MiG-23s were obtained from Egypt, and an attempt to incorporate its variable wing design into their

11210: 11124: 11064: 10976: 10927: 10893: 10729: 10682: 10556: 10433: 10066: 10061: 9883: 9179: 8969: 8659: 7131:"Tigray Rebels Down MiG-23, Capture Pilot, One Day After Ethiopian Prime Minister Declares Victory" 5955: 4400: 3456: 3260: 2802: 926: 694:

when the wings were at 16° and 45° angles. In addition to the spoilers, the wings were fitted with

421: 5239:"Afghanistan Says It Downed F16 Fighter From Pakistan: U.S. Officials Say Soviet Pilots Involved." 2195:) with afterburners. Plumbed pylons were also introduced to allow the MiG-23M to carry 800-litre 943:

The pilots of Constant Peg sought to teach these and other aspects of the MiG-23 to the frontline

607:, the periscope provided a clear view of behind the plane, but did not have a wide field of view. 371:" (NATO reporting name 'Flogger-A') took to the air on 21 May 1969, with Fedotov at the controls. 11256: 11200: 11166: 11149: 11025: 10851: 10771: 10766: 10489: 10186: 9963: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9853: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9793: 9788: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9733: 9728: 9718: 9713: 9678: 9673: 9597: 9589: 9581: 9507: 9480: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9342: 9332: 9327: 9312: 9307: 9130: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 8850: 8842: 8782: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 7903:"Corriere della Sera (Translation: Sixteen years ago the fighter fell on the Sila)" (in Italian). 4204: 3485: 3178: 2678: 2225: 1811: 1688: 1684: 1607: 1552: 1517: 1332: 903: 628: 429: 352: 267: 6427: 5247: 3915:

following ejection of the pilots, causing material damage to vehicles but no injuries or deaths.

11003: 10672: 10645: 10630: 10605: 10600: 10573: 10524: 10458: 10453: 10438: 10126: 9928: 9858: 9798: 9783: 9638: 9630: 9622: 9573: 9565: 9558: 9550: 9542: 9534: 9527: 9337: 9322: 9317: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9045: 9040: 9002: 8921: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8732: 8727: 8056: 8050: 5388: 4378: 4373: 4356: 4285: 4166: 3836: 3776: 3582: 3342: 2929: 2729: 2701: 2565: 2561: 2553: 2384: 2376: 1632:

UNITA rebels, opposing Cuban/MPLA forces, shot down a number of MiG-23s with American-supplied

1513: 1408: 783:

The engine was also a weak point on early models of the MiG-23 as it was not stressed for high

655: 444: 319: 83: 17: 8202:

Cooper, Tom (July–August 2002). "'Floggers" in Action: Early MiG-23s in Operational Service".

7230: 7011: 6216: 6046: 4931: 4484: 2745:

A proposed variant which would be fitted with either two new R-33 engines or one R-100 engine.

1639:

missiles. South African ground forces shot down a MiG-23, which was prosecuting a raid on the

759:

which supplied the environmental control system with air to keep the avionics and pilot cool.

674: 274:, short range, and limited weapons load (restricted in some aircraft to a pair of short-range 11084: 11052: 10961: 10900: 10846: 10166: 9435: 9389: 8936: 8916: 8878: 8317: 5995: 4068: 3672: 3490: 3351: 2996: 1994: 1914: 1799: 1778: 1766: 1136: 918: 896: 879:

could easily out-turn the MiG-23 in a dogfight. In fact, whenever the MiG-23 approached high

687: 8664: 4912: 907: 338: 11117: 10939: 10736: 10665: 10625: 10583: 10499: 10353: 10343: 10223: 10218: 10203: 9607: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9055: 8959: 8931: 8926: 8737: 8719: 8669: 7968: 5742:"That time an IrAF MiG-23ML mistakenly shot down an IRIAF F-14A that was defecting to Iraq" 5148: 3908: 3752: 3306: 2910: 2487: 2462: 2358:-limit of 8.5 at speeds below Mach 0.85 and 7.5-G at faster speeds. This also allowed the 2128: 1838: 1168: 944: 780:. Changing an engine was difficult because the aircraft had to be separated in the middle. 529: 512:

gun pods on the underwing pylons. Starting in 1981, the MiG-23MLA could carry the improved

232: 11249:

Not assigned • Unofficial • Assigned to multiple types

8654: 4970: 8: 11222: 11215: 10988: 10949: 10944: 10905: 10856: 10825: 10799: 10531: 10514: 10494: 10333: 10328: 10306: 10228: 10191: 10151: 10076: 8964: 8649: 8639: 6633: 6602: 3900: 3547: 3510: 3253: 3083: 2883: 2751:

A modification of the MiG-23M which would have been equipped with a Saphir-23MLA-2 radar.

2107: 1926: 1922: 1784:

On 26 March 2011, five MiG-23s together with two Mi-35 helicopters were destroyed by the

1707:

On 18 July 1980, the wreckage of an LARAF MiG-23MS was found on the northern side of the

1364: 1083: 1079: 788: 747:

The MiG-23's original engine was a 122 kN (12,500 kgf; 27,500 lbf) thrust

715: 695: 659: 619: 405: 210: 202: 124: 7748: 5897: 4913:"Испытания на Волжских Берегах" (Translation: "Testing on the Volga shores" in Russian). 3771: 3181:

and one to a museum in Florida, the others were given away to others states or scrapped.

2362:(AoA) limiter to be set to 20-22° with the wings fully swept back, and 28-30° otherwise. 1788:

while parked at Misrata airport, early reports misidentified the fixed wing aircraft as

10966: 10954: 10934: 10363: 10106: 8860: 6192: 6112: 6086: 5775: 4368: 4249: 3748: 3418: 3370: 3197: 3045: 2948: 2613: 1930: 1715: 1569: 1529: 1483: 855: 838: 800: 731: 699: 584: 448: 417: 279: 8674: 8634: 5556: 5534:"Syria's regime uses fighter jets for first time as it struggles to contain rebellion" 5501: 3799:, the wreckage of a Libyan MiG-23 and the remains of its pilot were discovered on the 2700:

A subvariant of the MiG-23MLD, featuring new radar, electronic warfare equipment, and

2248:, was practically the same as the MiG-23M with small differences in communication and 1407:

surface-to-air missiles. The Iraqi MiG-23BNs delivered in the 1970s only had a subpar

10804: 10388: 10176: 10161: 10146: 10136: 10131: 10121: 9007: 8597: 8578: 8559: 8542: 8533: 8506: 8496: 8473: 8454: 8422: 8400: 8361: 8342: 8323: 8302: 8283: 8264: 8245: 8226: 8209: 8188: 8089: 8060: 7783: 7773: 7717: 7682: 7515: 7195: 6139: 5370: 5360: 5334: 5324: 5301: 5291: 5085:

Walter J. Boyne (2002). Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-Clio. p. 416.

4490: 3796: 3437: 3064: 2605: 2601: 1735: 1580: 1457: 1395: 1373: 1238: 1098: 1093:

By 1990, over 1,500 MiG-23s of different models were in service with the VVS and the

1059: 8110: 7335: 6017: 3715:

Some ex-Iraqi MiG-23s have been used by Flight Test Center (VOC) in the early 1990s.

2268:

removed from some aircraft. Until 1981, these were delivered to customers with the

11008: 10709: 10111: 10101: 10081: 10051: 10026: 10021: 10009: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9189: 9012: 8714: 7674: 7507: 6521: 6489: 6483: 6470: 3937: 3828: 3480: 3389: 3282: 3224: 3174: 3022: 2967: 2538: 1785: 1770: 1701: 1696: 1677: 1509: 1309: 1295: 1106: 1087: 995: 623: 287: 270:, was fast and agile, but limited in its operational capabilities by its primitive 251: 213: 194: 119: 115: 110: 60: 7678: 7511: 5096:"Агрессоров" (Translation: From the history of Soviet 'Aggression')" (in Russian). 11238: 11069: 10689: 10348: 9898: 9184: 9157: 9152: 9017: 8954: 8819: 8797: 8792: 8612: 8594:

Soviet Air Power: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Warsaw Pact Air Forces Today

8376: 7928: 7909: 7890: 7871: 7852: 7817: 7755: 7711: 7189: 7161: 6847:"Libya: 'Frankenstein' MiG-23 Flogger fighter jet takes flight * Military Africa" 6528: 6496: 6477: 6457: 6434: 6199: 6119: 6053: 5881: 5586: 5395: 5261: 5102: 5043: 5021: 4957: 4938: 4919: 4864: 4331: 3912: 3301: 3132: 2864: 2557: 2359: 2103: 1956: 1955:

On 29 November 2020, an Ethiopian Air Force MiG-23 reportedly crashed during the

1416: 1353: 1287: 1156: 987: 983: 880: 876: 719: 639: 592: 425: 6514: 5118: 5095: 3807:, southern Italy, around 300 km (190 mi) from Flight 870's crash site. 2793: 1714:

In August 1981, Libyan MiG-23MS fighters were involved in the standoff with the

1591:), while the other Cuban pilot fired a single R-60 at a Mirage flown by Captain 562: 11183: 11091: 11079: 11037: 10971: 10830: 10809: 10610: 10463: 10408: 10373: 10358: 10248: 10208: 10116: 9888: 9848: 9753: 9743: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9663: 9492: 9485: 9196: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9147: 9142: 9135: 8984: 8974: 8868: 8832: 8809: 8804: 8787: 8204: 7636: 7077: 4950: 4351: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4256: 4113:

1,450 km (900 mi, 780 nmi) with standard armament, no drop-tanks

3824: 3800: 3676: 3146: 3127: 2449: 2398: 2269: 1949: 1851: 1789: 1695:, forcing the remaining MiG to abort the mission. In one skirmish in 1979, two 1633: 1626: 1622: 1588: 1584: 1545: 1541: 1498: 1449: 1433: 1325: 1321: 784: 604: 588: 513: 483: 467: 441: 413: 275: 247: 181: 65: 7787: 6956:"Egypt supplies China with three Soviet-built MiG-23 Flogger fighter aircraft" 5374: 5338: 5305: 3513:; one MiG-23UB trainer used only for training purposes for their MiG-27M fleet 1967:. Unreliable images of the pilot were circulating after being captured by the 1753:

Two Libyan MiG-23MF fighters were shot down by U.S. Navy F-14As in the Second

1452:

including other bombers, a fighter escort (often including MiG-23MF/MLs), and

1203:

of the Northern Fleet's aviation component to train pilots for their MiG-27s.

1155:

In 1988, Soviet MiG-23MLDs using R-23s (NATO: AA-7 "Apex") downed two Iranian

591:

during an out-of-control situation. To prevent the pilot from exceeding a 17°

11269: 11144: 10655: 10620: 10473: 10368: 10338: 10323: 10253: 10243: 10233: 10213: 10181: 10171: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10046: 8546: 8510: 8213: 7706: 7686: 7657: 7519: 7490: 5036: 4065: 3759: 3733: 3662: 2422: 2405: 2301: 1859: 1855: 1592: 1494: 1344: 1245: 1192: 1140: 1135:

Soviet and Afghan MiG-23s and Pakistani F-16s clashed a few times during the

1067: 991: 888: 777: 748: 611: 506: 364: 360: 4512:"The Mikoyan MiG-23 & MiG-27 "Flogger" – [1.0] Fighter Floggers" 3831:. At the time of the mishap, Lt. Gen. Bond was serving as Vice Commander of 2228:. Around 1,300 MiG-23Ms were produced for the VVS and PVO from 1972 to 1978. 1944:

Ethiopian MiG-23s were used in ground attack and strike missions during the

1599:

of Captain Piercy's Mirage (and, according to some accounts, the aircraft's

302:

for both "clean-sheet" aircraft designs and adaptations of existing designs.

11188: 10922: 10650: 10313: 10288: 10273: 10268: 10071: 8979: 8414: 8140: 6899:"Libyan National Army Air Force MiG-23ML Shot Down by MANPADS Near Tripoli" 4511: 4388: 4383: 3804: 3684: 3620: 3470: 3451: 3205: 3201: 3165: 3135:. The MiGs were retired in 1994 (BN, MF version) and 1998 (ML, UB variant). 2634: 2630: 2617: 2213: 2141: 2073: 2049: 1894: 1802:

and NATO bombings were involved in air strikes between the opposing Libyan

1437: 1378: 1010: 994:, a high, fast flyer which would be going after high-value targets such as 868: 859: 834: 808:

and was welded together with thick plates of VNS-2 steel alloy. The MiG-23

551: 517: 487: 412:

radar with an ASP-PFD-21 lead computing gunsight, it could carry only four

409: 236: 228: 76: 6722:"Libyan National Army Air Force MiG-23ML serial #26453 entered in service" 4746:

Cooper & Dildy (2016), "Technical Specifications - MiG23ML "Flogger-G"

3304:. Used until the fall of Saddam Hussein. 12 MiG-23s flown to Iran in 1991. 2716:

A subvariant of the MiG-23MLD, electronic warfare equipment, R-73 missile.

2710:

A subvariant of the MiG-23MLD, electronic warfare equipment, R-73 missile.

2461:("Flogger-L", Model 23-14, Izdyelie 6) This was a specialized air-defense 1722:, although they were not involved in any actual combats on this occasion. 1464:

aircraft, losses were much lower than during the first months of the war.

313:

The first option, for an aircraft fitted with lift jets, resulted in the "

11154: 10746: 10156: 10141: 10056: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10014: 7989:"Plane crashes during Thunder over Michigan airshow finale at Willow Run" 4236: 3108: 3017: 2924: 2769: 2765: 2257: 2245: 2240:

of the MiG-23M produced from 1978 to 1983 at Znamya Truda. One version (

2012: 1898: 1618: 1487: 1424: 1404: 1399: 1390: 1253: 964: 818: 763: 752: 667: 632: 456: 384: 41: 4201: 3883:

near Tripoli, causing the death of all 157 people on board the jetliner.

2408: 1925:

against the array of rebel guerillas fighting the government during the

1308:

On 23 March 2014, one Syrian MiG-23 was shot down after being hit by an

509: 11195: 11161: 10551: 10428: 10398: 10378: 10301: 10263: 4291: 4231: 4226: 4208: 3706: 3577: 3350:; had 130 MiG-23MS/ML/BN/UBs in service (most in storage) prior to the 3323: 2797:

World operators of the MiG-23 (not including evaluation-only operators)

2609: 2560:. Survivability was improved with a pair of six-round downward-firing 2534: 2466: 2000: 1938: 1667: 1600: 1596: 1105:

When East and West Germany unified, no MiG-23s were transferred to the

1003: 872: 543:

100 kg (220 lb) GP bombs carried on four ejector racks, four

452: 437: 433: 295: 7942:"Lieutenant General Robert M. Bond: U.S. Air Force: Biography Display" 5929: 1659:

Libyan MiG-23 over Gulf of Sidra in August 1981, being followed by an

1524:

The United States stated that the losses of the F-16Cs were caused by

10393: 10196: 8575:

America's Secret MiG Squadron: The Red Eagles of Project CONSTANT PEG

3553: 3505: 2196: 2061: 1985: 1960: 1610: 1386: 1278:

List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Syrian Civil War

814: 255: 3742:

in 2009, there were 11 privately owned MiG-23s in the United States.

2052:, although the Su-24 would go on to experience greater modification. 1216: 8949: 5255:"Afghans down a Pakistani F-16, saying fighter jet crossed border." 4086:

2,500 km/h (1,600 mph, 1,300 kn) / M2.35 at altitude

3840: 3610: 3078: 2991: 2878: 2495: 2436: 2393: 2265: 2162: 1821:

MANPADS. Both pilots were killed. At the beginning of 2016, Libyan

1640: 1540:

On 17 January 1993, a USAF F-16C destroyed an Iraqi MiG-23 with an

1525: 1502: 707: 663: 587:

featured a white stripe to serve as a visual aid for centering the

570: 388: 356: 291: 7921: 7883: 7191:

Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: Crisis Behaviour and the Bomb

4309: 2848:; 2 MiG-23s in service as of December 2023, one used for training. 972:

LtCol (USMC ret.) Lenny Bucko, 4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron

473: 305: 8705: 8645:

Angola awards life-extension contract for MiG-23ML fleet-05/04...

6664:"Another Libyan Air Force plane shot down or crashed in Benghazi" 6542:"Retired general launches war against Islamists in eastern Libya" 6509:"Update 1-French forces destroy seven Libyan aircraft on ground." 5209:"Exclusive Friendly fire downs Pakistani F-16; U.S. in a coverup" 4518:. v1.0.5 – chapter 1 of 2, 1 Jan 15, greg goebel, public domain. 4028: 3559:

National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War

3542: 3413: 3365: 3248: 3219: 3059: 3040: 2579: 2575: 2355: 2221: 2168:

National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War

2119:

before the numerous unreliability issues forced their retirement.

1964: 1862: 1708: 1636: 1265: 1167:

MiG-23M flown by Pilot Captain V. Shkinder shot down two Iranian

842: 805: 683: 548: 544: 525: 491: 217: 92: 88: 4095:

1,400 km/h (870 mph; 760 kn) / M1.14 at sea level

3614:

MiG-23 on display at the Minsk World theme park in Shenzhen, PRC

7922:"Aircraft Losses: F-117A: The crash of General Robert M. Bond." 4932:"МиГ-23 в Анголе (Translation: MiG-23 in Angola)" (in Russian). 4486:

Beyond the wild blue a history of the u.s. air force, 1947–2007

3640: 3524: 3432: 3384: 2821: 2542: 2212:

in 1973, soon followed by frontline VVS regiments stationed in

2008: 2004: 1934: 1818: 1535: 1348: 1343:

Iraq bought its first MiG-23s in 1973, in order to replace its

1050: 822: 772: 756: 622:. As the first chute and rod separated from the seat, a larger 615: 600: 536: 7157:"Manhunt launched for Tigray leaders, say Ethiopian officials" 3899:

a MiG-23UB performing at the Thunder Over Michigan airshow in

3354:. What remains has been passed on to the successor government. 6691:"Last flyable Libyan Air Force MiG-23 shot down – defenceWeb" 5015:"The BEKAA Valley Air Battle, June 1982: Lessons Mislearned?" 4905: 3775:

N23UB, the MiG-23UB involved in the 13 August 2023 crash, at

3627:. China currently displays the MiG-23 in several air museums. 3624: 3602: 3277: 3264:

An Indian MiG-23MF on display at a crossroads in Gandhinagar.

3192: 2962: 2943: 2897: 2521: 2503: 2491: 2474: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2060:("Flogger-A") was a pre-production model which lacked weapon 1890: 580: 521: 299: 271: 8297:

Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert; Delalande, Arnaud (2016b).

8278:

Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert; Delalande, Arnaud (2016a).

7855:

U.S. FAA – Registry of Aircraft. Retrieved: 28 January 2011.

6047:"F-16 Aircraft Database: F-16 Airframe Details for 86-0262." 5389:

http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/bap/169gvtbap.htm

3903:

crashed into a parking lot of an apartment complex south of

2905:; 2 MiG-23BN in service with the internationally recognized 1999:

On 26 May, the Indian forces started air strikes during the

1814:

with both parties controlling a limited number of aircraft.

1704:

missile, while the other used its superior speed to escape.

1009:

The early MiG-23M series was also used to test the American

957:

Col (ret.) Paco Geisler, 4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron

817:); if traveling at the MiG-23's endurance speed of 230 11252: 8374: 8319:

F-15 Eagle Engaged: The World's Most Successful Jet Fighter

8259:

Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert; Delalande, Arnaud (2015).

8079: 6841: 6839: 3904: 3562: 3296: 2859: 2694:

A proposed reconnaissance variant which was never finished.

2583: 2470: 2285: 2171: 2136: 2132: 2077: 1918: 1471: 1453: 1423:

In 1983–1984, the MiG-23MFs were used to intercept Iranian

1313: 1019: 979: 767: 8296: 8277: 8086:

Jet Fighter MiG-23. Protecting the skies of the Motherland

8049:

Taylor, Michael; Lee, John; Marshall, Nicki, eds. (1996).

7048:"Eritrea's Chief Sees No Halt in Border War With Ethiopia" 6402: 6314: 3827:

was killed when the MiG-23 he was piloting crashed at the

3679:

operated a small number of MiG-23s, officially designated

3649:

One ex-Syrian MiG-23 flown by a defecting pilot to Israel.

3396: 2490:

capabilities to counter increasing low-level threats like

2187:), which had a dry thrust of 81.35 kN (18,290 lb 1132:

Iran, losing several helicopters to Iranian F-4 Phantoms.

947:

squadrons (nicknamed Blue Air) against whom they trained:

654:

The MiG-23 was among the first Soviet aircraft to feature

8258: 8052:

Brassey's world aircraft & systems directory, 1996/97

6167: 4416:

List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS

4406:

List of Iranian aerial victories during the Iran–Iraq war

3739: 3671:

Samples obtained from Egypt and were mostly stationed in

1901:

project, which never ventured beyond the research phase.

1576:, one of which resulted in severe damage to a Mirage F1. 1261: 1241: 1229:(ECM), at which the Israelis were especially proficient. 436:. In the ground-attack role, the MiG-23S could carry two 220: 6836: 5613:"Drones Are Dropping Like Flies From the Sky Over Syria" 5502:"Aleppo: BBC journalist on Syria warplanes bombing city" 3208:. At least eight were transferred to USA for evaluation. 2375:) with afterburner. This led to a considerably improved 1282:

A former Syrian Air Force MiG-23MS became iconic of the

490:

via a special adapter under the fuselage, either the 10-

8704: 8487:

Lake, John (Spring 1992). "Mikoyan MiG-23/27 Flogger".

7543: 7541: 7462: 7460: 7231:"Sudanese Rebels Say They Downed MiG-23 Fighter-Bomber" 6247:"Italians conclude crashed plane was shot down in 1980" 4411:

List of Iraqi aerial victories during the Iran–Iraq war

2397:

weapons system, the MiG-23ML could carry both types of

1746:

MiG-23 interceptors were also used by Libya during the

8449:

International Institute for Strategic Studies (2000).

6814:""Libyan airstrikes" situation update 7 - 13 May 2016" 6634:"Accident Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23ML 6132, 08 Feb 2016" 6603:"Accident Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23ML 6472, 04 Jan 2016" 1220:

MiG-23 on display in Israel after defection from Syria

1058:

The MiG-23 was first officially commissioned into the

8419:

The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995

7811:"Syrian pilot of MIG-23 is said to defect to Israel." 7258: 7256: 6783:"Video of the first flight of Libyan MiG-23BN "8985"" 6460:

reuters.com, 15 March 2011. Retrieved: 20 March 2011.

3331:. 2 MiG-23UB in storage for sale as of February 2024. 2587:

These were the last single-seat MiG-23 fighters made.

2404:

missiles, and the underwing pylons could accommodate

1841:(LNA) MiG-23MLD was shot down by forces loyal to the 1741:

a land raid against Maaten al-Sarra Air Base in Libya

1691:

in 1977 while supporting a strike on the airfield at

662:

controlled by means of a small lever set beneath the

477:

MiG-23M "Flogger-B" armed with R-23 and R-60 missiles

8397:

MiG-23/27: Soviet Swing-Wing Fighter/Strike Aircraft

7565: 7553: 7538: 7526: 7472: 7457: 7445: 7263:

Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (26 September 2016).

4321: 1893:(AS-5 Kelt) air-to-surface missiles in exchange for 1482:

On 2 August 1990, the Iraqi Air Force supported the

1097:. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the new 906:(BFM) it could pull off in a dogfight was a massive 735:

Edition 2 but added back in the leading-edge slats.

246:

The basic design was also used as the basis for the

8042: 7613: 6572:"Libya Dawn aircraft crashes during raid on Zintan" 6451:"Libyan website reports rebels sink Gaddafi ships." 5472:"Syria crisis: clashes and prison mutiny in Aleppo" 4363:

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

4107:

1,900 km (1,200 mi, 1,000 nmi) clean

2296:. Egypt handed over several of their MiG-23MSs to 841:fuel would seep out. This eventually forced severe 351:(who set the absolute altitude record in 1977 in a 7253: 6522:"Libya: Fierce battle for second day in Ajdabiya." 6069: 6067: 6065: 5532: 5350: 5348: 3974:13.965 m (45 ft 10 in) fully spread 1086:; and 11.3 losses per 100,000 flying hours in the 799:The prototype version of the MiG-23 carried three 8527:Mladenov, Alexander (June 2004). "Mikoyan MiG-23 8055:(1st ed.). London: Brassey's (UK). pp. 8048: 7874:Warbirds of Delaware. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 6926:"Soviet MIG-23 Shipment to Egyptians is Reported" 6325: 6323: 6274: 6272: 6138:. Lauderhill, Florida: Ashanti Publishing, 1990. 6113:"Angola: Claims & Reality about SAAF Losses." 5884:ACIG, 25 August 2007. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 5819: 5817: 4005:37.35 m (402.0 sq ft) fully-spread 3154:. MiG-23s were transferred to the Czech Republic. 2685: 1683:One Libyan MiG-23MS was shot down by an Egyptian 27:Soviet fighter-bomber aircraft introduced in 1970 11267: 7893:Cold War Air Museum. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 7188:Ganguly, Sumit; Kapur, S. Paul (6 August 2008). 6123:Central, Eastern & Southern Africa Database, 5930:"Coalition Air-to-Air Victories in Desert Storm" 5892: 5890: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4814: 4812: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4303:Up to 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs per hardpoint 4016:34.16 m (367.7 sq ft) fully-swept 2341:MiG-23ML operated by the Czech Air Force in 1994 1798:A limited number of MiG-23's which survived the 1331:On 9 September 2020, a Syrian MiG-23 crashed in 833:to the structure rather than contained within a 227:, alongside similar Soviet aircraft such as the 8182: 6205:, 13 November 2003. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 6062: 5531:McElroy, Damien; Samaan, Magdy (24 July 2012). 5345: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 3177:. The German Air Force gave two MiG-23s to the 2978:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23MS Syrian Air Force camo 631:, and would work at a minimum speed of only 90 294:, to provide an additional lift component; and 8174:[MiG-23 Fighters in the Lebanon War]. 7262: 7225: 7223: 6343:"Libyan MIG-23 Shot Down Over Chad, Army Says" 6320: 6296: 6269: 6173: 6149: 5956:"USAF Manned Aircraft Combat Losses 1990–2002" 5814: 5639:"Истребитель МиГ-23 разбился на востоке Сирии" 4951:"МиГ-23М (Translation: MiG-23M)" (in Russian). 4156:230 m/s (45,000 ft/min) at sea level 3235:Hungarian Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23MF. 2469:as an interim low-cost stopgap, replacing the 1335:without information on the fate of its pilot. 9936: 8690: 8301:. Solihull: Helion & Company Publishing. 8282:. Solihull: Helion & Company Publishing. 8263:. Solihull: Helion & Company Publishing. 7708:International Institute for Strategic Studies 7659:International Institute for Strategic Studies 7492:International Institute for Strategic Studies 7265:"Back From The Dead: Sudan Overhauls MiG-23s" 6531:BBC, 10 April 2011. Retrieved: 12 April 2011. 6490:"Benghazi 'bombarded by pro-Gaddafi forces'." 6125:2 September 2003. Retrieved: 19 October 2011. 5887: 5530: 4887: 4809: 4800: 4684: 4489:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 493. 3932: 3067:. 35 were in service in 2000, later scrapped. 2256:or 23-11B) was designed for sale for certain 837:. This meant that as the structure developed 539:bombs. Other configurations included sixteen 359:R-27-300 turbojet engine with a thrust of 77 325: 231:. It was the first Soviet fighter to field a 8358:The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft 8225:. Warwick: Helion & Company Publishing. 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7388: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7306: 7304: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7187: 6136:War in Angola: The Final South African Phase 5557:"Syria crisis: Rebels 'shoot down warplane'" 4873: 4775: 4766: 4726: 4700: 1663:just before the first Gulf of Sidra incident 1536:No Fly Zone and invasion of Iraq (1991–2003) 1359: 1264:regularly flew reconnaissance missions over 8440:[MiG-23: Long Path to Perfection]. 8239: 7972:. 6 January 1993. p. 8. Archived from 7496:"Chapter Six: Middle East and North Africa" 7220: 6744: 5799:, Tom Cooper, Farzad Bishop, 2000, page 304 5429: 5427: 5063:The MiG-23's Painful Induction into Service 4870:, 18 July 1994. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 4540: 2970:; 87 MiG-23 in service as of December 2023. 2867:; 24 MiG-23 in service as of December 2023. 2829:; 22 MiG-23 in service as of December 2023. 804:functioned as the aircraft's carry-through 547:250 kg (550 lb) GP bombs, or two 408:borrowed from the MiG-21S/SM. Based on the 9943: 9929: 8697: 8683: 8185:MiG: Fifty Years of Secret Aircraft Design 7823:, 12 October 1989. Retrieved: 12 May 2010. 7359: 7357: 7318: 7316: 6371: 5587:"Turkish F-16 shoots down a Syrian MiG-23" 5270: 5027:, Winter 1989. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 4458: 4428: 3928:List of displayed Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23s 3766: 2932:; 56 MiG-23 in service as of December 2023 2886:; 9 MiG-23 in service as of December 2023. 2025:South Sudan People's Defence Forces (SPLA) 2015:were used to bombard Pakistani positions. 787:manoeuvre loads. If the fighter entered a 8468:Koenig, William; Scofield, Peter (1983). 8082:Истребитель МиГ-23. На защите неба Родины 7425: 7409: 7395: 7383: 7369: 7301: 7287: 6923: 6811: 6780: 6719: 5267:, 2 May 1987. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 5057: 5055: 5047:MiG-23 Flogger, The MiG-23 combat record. 4922:testpilot.ru. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4449: 2591: 1687:fighter during and immediately after the 1572:pilots had several encounters during the 1045: 925:I spent a lot of time in Berlin watching 8553: 8526: 7956: 7912:corriere.it. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 6471:"Fighter jet 'shot down' over Benghazi." 6403:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2016a 6315:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2016b 5875:"Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967." 5424: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4680:MiG-23MLD - The Ultimate Fighter Flogger 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4541:Magazine, Smithsonian; Bernier, Robert. 4467: 4443: 4437: 4308: 3985:7.779 m (25.52 ft) fully-swept 3936: 3770: 3609: 3588: 3552: 3395: 3305: 3259: 3230: 3089: 2973: 2792: 2520: 2435: 2336: 2161: 1984: 1913:MiG-23s supplied by the Soviet Union to 1872: 1729:Libyan MiG-23s were employed during the 1666: 1654: 1472:Kuwait Invasion and Gulf War (1990–1991) 1363: 1286:: on 7 March 2012, Syrian rebels used a 1215: 1159:that had intruded into Afghan airspace. 1049: 673: 569: 561: 472: 337: 304: 239:, and one of the first to be armed with 8472:. Greenwich, Connecticut: Bison Books. 8413: 8111:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" 8080:Markovskiy V; Prikhodchenko I (2017). 7442:Civil Airworthiness Certification. 2-29 7422:Civil Airworthiness Certification. 2-27 7406:Civil Airworthiness Certification. 2-26 7392:Civil Airworthiness Certification. 2-25 7354: 7313: 6752:"Libyan Air Force Lost Its Last MIG-23" 6428:"Air strikes deter advance on Tripoli." 6372:Greenhouse, Steven (9 September 1987). 6308: 6168:Cooper, Grandolini & Delalande 2015 6161: 5849:"Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967" 5772:"Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967" 5441: 5439: 5323:. Manchester: Crécy. pp. 219–233. 5290:. Manchester: Crécy. pp. 222–223. 5244:2 May 1987. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 4572: 4570: 4568: 4543:"Was the Navy's F-111 Really That Bad?" 4455:Belyakov and Marmain 1992, pp. 351–355. 3881:collided with a Libyan Air Force MiG-23 3310:Kyrgyzstan MiG-23 on display in Tokmok. 1235:air and on the ground for almost a week 1112:The MiG-23 was the Soviet Air Force's " 14: 11268: 8592:Sweetman, Bill; Gunston, Bill (1978). 8336: 8220: 8201: 8187:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. 8102: 7934: 7767: 7607: 7595: 7583: 7105:"II Ethiopian Eritrean War, 1998–2000" 6992:from the original on 10 September 2021 6720:Delalande, Arnaud (28 February 2016). 6688: 6414: 6353:from the original on 20 September 2015 6329: 6302: 6290: 6278: 6214: 6203:Western & Northern Africa Database 6179: 6155: 6073: 5968:from the original on 15 September 2012 5835: 5823: 5808: 5727: 5715: 5703: 5691: 5679: 5667: 5469: 5457: 5445: 5418: 5406: 5354: 5318: 5285: 5067: 5052: 4989: 4960:airwar.ru. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 4941:airwar.ru. Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 4661: 4628:MiG-23M/MF - The Most Numerous Variant 3962:1 sat on a Mikoyan KM-1M ejection seat 3921: 2166:MiG-23M "Flogger-B" on display at the 1989:MiG-23BN used in Operation Safed Sagar 1161:In a similar incident a decade earlier 1036: 883:it became very unstable and liable to 9924: 8678: 8610: 8395:Gordon, Yefim; Dexter, Keith (2005). 8121:from the original on 5 September 2013 8017: 7986: 7758:Iss.co.za. Retrieved: 24 August 2012. 7559: 7547: 7532: 7478: 7466: 7451: 7137:from the original on 30 November 2020 6824:from the original on 19 December 2021 6793:from the original on 19 December 2021 6732:from the original on 19 December 2021 6701:from the original on 28 November 2016 5752:from the original on 27 November 2020 5739: 5593:from the original on 26 February 2019 5545:from the original on 12 January 2022. 4998: 4977:from the original on 7 September 2023 4830: 4749: 4632: 4607: 4582: 4482: 4162:370 kg/m (76 lb/sq ft) 3719: 3373:; had two MiG-23 aircraft in service. 2625:The first prototype of the MiG-23B, " 2371:), and 128.08 kN (28,790 lb 2244:or 23-11A), intended for sale to the 2216:; by the mid-1970s a small number of 1201:88th Separate Fighter Bomber Regiment 9966:fighter designations 1924–1962, and 8572: 8486: 8448: 8399:. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing. 8355: 8240:Cooper, Tom; Dildy, Douglas (2016). 8183:Belyakov, R.A.; Marmain, J. (1994). 8172:Истребители МиГ-23 в Ливанской войне 8147:from the original on 27 January 2020 8108: 8020:"MiG-23 Flogger Crashes In Michigan" 7839: 7834:Aviation Week & Space Technology 7832:Fulghum, David A. "MiGs in Nevada", 7619: 7571: 7169:from the original on 5 December 2020 7111:from the original on 2 February 2017 7084:from the original on 9 February 2019 6924:Middleton, Drew (19 February 1975). 6905:from the original on 9 December 2019 6879:from the original on 9 December 2019 6853:from the original on 9 December 2019 6552:from the original on 18 October 2014 6217:"The Final Flight of Ezzedin Khalil" 5867: 5649:from the original on 8 December 2022 5567:from the original on 31 January 2016 5512:from the original on 31 January 2016 5436: 5189:from the original on 4 November 2015 5179:"Airframe Details for F-16 #81-0918" 4565: 3440:. Approximately 500, all in reserve. 2807: 2481:still in service. The MiG-23P (P - 2332: 2149:) dry and 98 kN (22,000 lb 1777:On 19 March 2011, a MiG-23BN of the 1398:at high altitude, pairs of F-5Es or 848: 8611:Hoyle, Craig, ed. (December 2023). 8316:Davies, Steve; Dildy, Doug (2007). 8242:F-15C Eagle Vs MiG-23/25: Iraq 1991 8030:from the original on 13 August 2023 7999:from the original on 13 August 2023 7931:f-117a.com. Retrieved: 7 July 2011. 7730:from the original on 23 August 2023 7365:The MiG-23P Specialised Interceptor 7208:from the original on 23 August 2023 7102: 6873:"LNA MiG-23 shot down near Tripoli" 6374:"Big Libyan Losses Claimed By Chad" 5988:"RAF – RAF Tornado Aircraft Losses" 5855:from the original on 4 October 2013 5482:from the original on 2 January 2019 3999:4.82 m (15 ft 10 in) 3557:Ukrainian MiG-23 on display at the 3003: 2999:; 3 in service as of December 2023. 2909:and 2 MiG-23ML in service with the 2432:export users between 1978 and 1983. 2199:when the wings were at full spread. 2191:) and 122.5 kN (27,500 lb 2039: 2003:. Ground attack aircraft including 1748:action in the Gulf of Sidra in 1986 1508:Iraqi documents captured after the 1317:trespassing into Turkish airspace. 937:4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron 871:, newer American fighters like the 649: 24: 8558:. United Kingdom: Fonthill Media. 8438:МиГ-23: долгий путь к совершенству 8299:Libyan Air Wars, Part 3: 1986-1989 8280:Libyan Air Wars, Part 2: 1985-1986 8261:Libyan Air Wars, Part 1: 1973-1985 7772:. Manchester: Crécy. p. 219. 7663:"Chapter Four: Russia and Eurasia" 7241:from the original on 24 March 2022 7028:from the original on 17 April 2017 6962:from the original on 24 April 2021 6936:from the original on 24 April 2021 6631: 6600: 6257:from the original on 7 August 2018 6227:from the original on 5 August 2018 6028:from the original on 22 March 2016 5841: 5619:from the original on 16 April 2021 5359:. Manchester: Crécy. p. 227. 5219:from the original on 26 April 2021 5075:Notoriety in Real-World Air Combat 4858:"Family explains Cuban defection." 4509: 3968:16.7 m (54 ft 9 in) 3823:U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General 2084:) and 78.5 kN (17,600 lb 1568:Cuban MiG-23MLs and South African 1490:SAM sites, among them a MiG-23BN. 1432:Colonel Hashem All-e-Agha with an 1212:Combat against Israel (since 1973) 1000:airborne early warning and control 25: 11317: 8640:MiG-23 Flogger at Global Aircraft 8628: 8339:Red Eagles: America's Secret MiGs 8018:Payne, Stetson (13 August 2023). 7749:"Namibia – Security Information." 7342:from the original on 10 June 2009 6812:Delalande, Arnaud (13 May 2016). 6762:from the original on 7 March 2016 6670:from the original on 7 March 2016 6644:from the original on 6 March 2016 6613:from the original on 6 March 2016 6582:from the original on 4 March 2016 5159:from the original on 18 July 2021 4553:from the original on 4 March 2022 4522:from the original on 5 April 2015 2262:electronic counter-countermeasure 1933:report, the attacks, often using 762:Similar to early examples of the 566:MiG-23 cockpit in high resolution 8660:Из истории советских "Агрессоров 8208:. No. 100. pp. 56–67. 8133: 8073: 8011: 7980: 7915: 7896: 7877: 7858: 7826: 7803: 7794: 7761: 7742: 7700: 7651: 7625: 7601: 7589: 7577: 7484: 7328: 7275:from the original on 30 May 2023 7181: 7149: 7123: 7096: 7070: 7058:from the original on 1 July 2017 7040: 7004: 6974: 6948: 6917: 6891: 6865: 6805: 6774: 6713: 6689:Martin, Guy (15 February 2016). 6682: 6656: 6625: 6594: 6564: 6534: 6502: 6463: 6443: 6420: 6408: 6396: 6384:from the original on 1 July 2017 6365: 6335: 6215:Cooper, Tom (28 December 2017). 5936:from the original on 27 May 2018 5910:from the original on 17 May 2019 5470:Weaver, Matthew (24 July 2012). 5129:from the original on 29 May 2011 4324: 3861:crashing into a house in Belgium 3726: 3700: 3693: 3655: 3633: 3595: 3570: 3535: 3517: 3498: 3463: 3444: 3425: 3406: 3377: 3358: 3335: 3316: 3289: 3270: 3241: 3212: 3185: 3158: 3139: 3120: 3101: 3071: 3052: 3033: 3010: 2984: 2955: 2936: 2917: 2890: 2871: 2852: 2841:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2833: 2814: 2704:, partly the same as the MiG-29. 2131:) allowing it to fire the R-23R 2092:) and 98 kN (22,000 lb 1969:Tigray People's Liberation Front 722:for landings), the MiG-23 had a 380:McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II 40: 8615:(Report). Flight Global Insight 8517: 8163: 7987:Rahal, Sarah (13 August 2023). 7716:. Routledge. pp. 320–321. 6284: 6239: 6208: 6193:"Libya & Egypt, 1971–1979." 6185: 6128: 6105: 6093:from the original on 1 May 2009 6079: 6040: 6010: 5980: 5948: 5922: 5829: 5802: 5790: 5764: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5685: 5673: 5661: 5631: 5605: 5579: 5549: 5524: 5494: 5463: 5451: 5412: 5400: 5381: 5312: 5279: 5201: 5171: 5141: 5111: 5088: 5079: 5030: 5007: 4963: 4944: 4925: 4851: 4842: 4821: 4791: 4740: 4052:17,800 kg (39,242 lb) 4046:14,840 kg (32,717 lb) 1647:(porcupine) 20 mm AA gun. 1478:Air engagements of the Gulf War 1320:On 15 June 2017, one Jordanian 682:The wings were not fitted with 8573:Peck, Gaillard R. Jr. (2012). 8451:The Military Balance 2000-2001 7078:"Ethiopia hits Asmara airport" 6781:Delalande, Arnaud (May 2016). 6018:"Aerei Militari – Tornado IDS" 4534: 4503: 4476: 4144:18,500 m (60,700 ft) 3795:three weeks after the loss of 3475:Passed on to successor states. 2722:A subvariant of the MiG-23MLD. 2686:Proposed variants and upgrades 2666:MiG-23BM experimental aircraft 2500:ground-controlled interception 1877:A Hungarian MiG-23MF in flight 1126:claimed to have been shot down 1070:interceptor closely guided by 644:ground-controlled interception 505:MiG-23ML could also carry two 298:, which had been developed by 266:The MiG-23's predecessor, the 261: 130: 13: 1: 11281:1960s Soviet fighter aircraft 8665:ИСПЫТАНИЯ НА ВОЛЖСКИХ БЕРЕГАХ 8591: 8577:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8341:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8322:. London: Osprey Publishing. 8244:. London: Osprey Publishing. 8141:"R-35-300 (LeteckeMotory.cz)" 7964:"Boeing 727 Crashes in Libya" 7679:10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592 7512:10.1080/04597222.2024.2298594 5433:Gordon and Dexter 2005, p. 67 5149:"Афганистан. Война в воздухе" 4421: 3779:two weeks before the accident 3530:Uganda People's Defence Force 2145:67.62 kN (15,200 lb 1843:Government of National Accord 1579:On 27 September 1987, during 1415:(ECM) equipment, despite the 1368:Ex-Iraqi MiG-23ML in Belgrade 1284:Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase 349:Aleksandr Vasilyevich Fedotov 223:in the Soviet Union. It is a 11306:Third-generation jet fighter 11301:Aircraft first flown in 1967 11286:Variable-sweep-wing aircraft 8596:. London: Salamander Books. 8554:Mladenov, Alexander (2016). 6087:"Cuban Air-to-Air Victories" 5740:Leone, Dario (6 July 2019). 5119:"F-16 Air Forces – Pakistan" 2907:Government of National Unity 2827:National Air Force of Angola 2788: 2525:Soviet MiG-23MLD "Flogger-K" 2440:Soviet MiG-23MLA "Flogger-G" 2272:missile instead of the R-60. 2135:missile, along with a TP-23 1720:first Gulf of Sidra incident 1574:Cuban intervention in Angola 1372:The MiG-23 took part in the 1260:In the early 2000s, Israeli 528:500 kg (1,100 lb) 241:beyond-visual-range missiles 225:third-generation jet fighter 46:A Soviet Air Force MiG-23MLD 7: 11291:Single-engined jet aircraft 8467: 8453:. Oxford University Press. 8394: 8315: 8169: 5108:Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 5049:Retrieved: 28 January 2011. 4317: 2034: 1908: 1606:Angolan MiG-23s outclassed 1516:. During the Gulf War, the 678:MiG-23 wing-sweep mechanism 463:(IRST), could fire the new 399: 10: 11322: 8706:Mikoyan and Gurevich (MiG) 8435: 8170:Babich, Vladimir (1999). 7194:. Routledge. p. 104. 6059:. Retrieved: 16 May 2008. 5797:Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988 4184:690 m (2,260 ft) 4178:450 m (1,480 ft) 3941:3-view drawing of MiG-23MF 3933:Specifications (MiG-23MLD) 3925: 3869:22 December 1992 2800: 2768:(NATO: AA-10 "Alamo") and 2465:variant developed for the 2236:("Flogger-B") This was an 2140:by 20 percent to improved 1992: 1493:Iraqi MiG-23s damaged two 1475: 1462:electronic countermeasures 1413:electronic countermeasures 1275: 1227:electronic countermeasures 557: 11247: 11231: 11137: 11100: 10878: 10869: 10839: 10818: 10792: 10482: 9984: 9975: 9911: 9652: 9516: 9398: 9205: 9033: 9026: 8993: 8877: 8859: 8841: 8818: 8713: 8670:Афганистан. Война в возду 8655:МиГ-23 на Ближнем Востоке 8650:МиГ-23 против F-15 и F-16 8436:Ilyin, Vladimir (2000). 7944:. United States Air Force 7770:Mikoyan MiG-23 and MiG-27 7713:The Military Balance 2011 7363:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 7322:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 7080:. BBC News. 29 May 2000. 6986:militarywatchmagazine.com 6982:"Military Watch Magazine" 5357:Mikoyan MiG-23 and MiG-27 5321:Mikoyan MiG-23 and MiG-27 5288:Mikoyan MiG-23 and MiG-27 5061:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 5020:23 September 2008 at the 4918:17 September 2011 at the 4836:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 4760:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 4678:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 4655:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 4626:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 4601:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 4576:Mladenov (2016), Ch. 3 - 4483:Boyne, Walter J. (2013). 4340:1989 Belgian MiG-23 crash 3833:Air Force Systems Command 3329:Kazakh Air Defense Forces 3152:Czechoslovakian Air Force 3094:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23UB 2381:specific fuel consumption 2304:for technical evaluation. 2029:Second Sudanese Civil War 1921:were heavily used by the 1808:General National Congress 1456:aircraft. They also flew 1360:Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) 742: 461:infrared search and track 394: 198: 177: 169: 161: 153: 148: 140: 106: 98: 82: 72: 56: 51: 39: 34: 8556:Soviet Cold War Fighters 8437: 8356:Eden, Paul, ed. (2004). 8171: 8081: 7851:5 September 2009 at the 7633:"WorldAirForces2016.PDF" 6499:BBC News, 20 March 2011. 6405:, pp. 32–33, 35, 38 6134:Heitman, Helmoed-Romer. 5880:11 November 2009 at the 5421:, pp. 8, 12, 14, 16 5073:Mladenov (2016), Ch 3 - 4401:List of fighter aircraft 3889:13 August 2023 3457:Military of Turkmenistan 3173:; transferred to (West) 2803:List of MiG-23 operators 2204:Production began at the 2018: 1975: 1963:, 50 kilometers west of 1868: 1823:House of Representatives 1804:House of Representatives 1650: 1206: 986:(barring the late-model 885:depart controlled flight 428:R-3Ss) in addition to a 8489:World Air Power Journal 8377:"World Air Forces 2022" 8360:. London: Amber Books. 8115:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu 7908:24 October 2015 at the 7889:3 December 2008 at the 6527:16 October 2018 at the 6511:Reuters, 26 March 2011. 6118:26 October 2011 at the 5387:See further details at 5042:16 January 2014 at the 4286:Air-to-surface missiles 4205:Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 3953:General characteristics 3813:26 April 1984 3767:Accidents and incidents 3486:Soviet Anti-Air Defence 3400:Polish Air Force MiG-23 3179:United States Air Force 3115:Cote d'Ivoire Air Force 2486:ASP-23ML-P) for better 2418:Instantaneous turn rate 2252:equipment. The other ( 2226:basic fighter maneuvers 1946:border war with Eritrea 1812:Second Libyan Civil War 1731:Chadian–Libyan conflict 1558: 1553:Operation Iraqi Freedom 1518:United States Air Force 1338: 1333:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 935:Cdr (ret.) Marty Macy, 904:basic fighter maneuvers 794: 718:(which also stored the 656:variable-geometry wings 629:zero-zero ejection seat 445:air-to-surface missiles 430:Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 353:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 296:variable-geometry wings 199:Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-23 191:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 8337:Davies, Steve (2008). 7870:10 August 2014 at the 6449:Karam, Souhail et al. 6198:8 October 2014 at the 5746:The Aviation Geek Club 5394:5 October 2018 at the 5276:Markovskiy 1997, p. 28 5260:27 August 2010 at the 5037:"Blooding the MiG-23." 4995:Babich 1999, pp. 24–25 4884:Peck Jr. (2012), ch. 3 4578:Early Testing Troubles 4379:General Dynamics F-111 4374:Northrop F-5E Tiger II 4357:Mikoyan-Gurevich 23-01 4314: 3942: 3837:Andrews Air Force Base 3785:18 July 1980 3780: 3777:EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 3615: 3583:Military of Uzbekistan 3565: 3401: 3343:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 3311: 3265: 3236: 3095: 2979: 2930:North Korean Air Force 2798: 2702:helmet-mounted display 2592:Ground-attack variants 2554:radar warning receiver 2526: 2441: 2385:time between overhauls 2377:thrust-to-weight ratio 2342: 2174: 1990: 1929:. According to a 1990 1878: 1845:(GNA). In the ongoing 1837:On 6 December 2019, a 1755:Gulf of Sidra incident 1672: 1664: 1514:Operation Desert Storm 1409:radar warning receiver 1369: 1221: 1055: 1046:Soviet and Warsaw Pact 975: 960: 941: 875:or F-4E upgraded with 679: 575: 567: 478: 376:General Dynamics F-111 343: 326: 310: 11255:" • 8613:World Air Forces 2024 8470:Soviet Military Power 8375:Hoyle, Craig (2021). 7927:23 March 2012 at the 7800:world air forces 2017 7754:8 August 2009 at the 6495:20 March 2011 at the 6476:6 August 2015 at the 5237:Weintaub, Richard M. 5004:Ilyin 2000, pp. 36–37 4902:Davies (2008), ch. 13 4863:12 March 2016 at the 4848:Davies (2008), ch. 12 4827:Davies (2008), ch. 10 4723:Peck Jr (2012), ch. 4 4697:Davies (2008), ch. 14 4464:Lake 1992, pp. 43–45. 4434:Lake 1992, pp. 43–44. 4312: 4069:afterburning turbojet 4066:Khatchaturov R-35-300 4036:TsAGI SR-12S (6.5%); 3940: 3849:4 July 1989 3774: 3673:Nellis Air Force Base 3613: 3589:Evaluation only users 3556: 3491:Soviet Naval Aviation 3399: 3352:2011 Libyan civil war 3309: 3263: 3234: 3171:East German Air Force 3093: 2997:Air Force of Zimbabwe 2977: 2796: 2730:carrier-borne fighter 2524: 2439: 2340: 2165: 1995:Operation Safed Sagar 1988: 1915:Mengistu Haile Mariam 1876: 1800:2011 Libyan civil war 1779:Free Libyan Air Force 1767:2011 Libyan civil war 1670: 1658: 1367: 1219: 1163:, on 21 June 1978, a 1053: 961: 949: 923: 919:East German Air Force 677: 573: 565: 530:general-purpose bombs 476: 391:with enemy fighters. 341: 317:", also known as the 308: 11232:Related designations 10870:Tri-service sequence 8980:MiG-XX LMFS MiG-1.27 8381:Flight International 8221:Cooper, Tom (2018). 7969:Flight International 7667:The Military Balance 7661:(12 February 2024). 7500:The Military Balance 7494:(12 February 2024). 7165:. 29 November 2020. 7133:. 30 November 2020. 6695:www.defenceweb.co.za 6666:. 12 February 2016. 6433:4 March 2011 at the 5670:, pp. 14, 18–19 4956:24 July 2010 at the 4806:Davies (2008), ch 10 4788:Davies (2008), ch. 5 4772:Davies (2008), ch. 7 4737:Davies (2008), ch. 8 4657:The Refined MiG-23ML 4547:Smithsonian Magazine 3909:Belleville, Michigan 3879:a Libyan Boeing 727 3753:Wilmington, Delaware 2913:as of February 2024. 2911:Libyan National Army 2488:look-down/shoot-down 2292:, and fifty-four to 2153:) with afterburners. 2129:look-down/shoot-down 2076:radar and lacked an 1839:Libyan National Army 1587:(some sources say a 1501:missiles during the 1169:Boeing CH-47 Chinook 945:Tactical Air Command 327:Podyomnye Dvigatyeli 233:look-down/shoot-down 11138:Covert designations 10819:Fighter, multiplace 10483:Fighter (1948–1962) 9985:Pursuit (1924–1948) 8927:I-380/I-410/I-3/I-5 7976:on 25 October 2012. 7836:, 27 November 2006. 7816:24 May 2017 at the 7768:Gordon, E. (2019). 7639:on 22 December 2015 7237:. 25 January 1988. 6958:. 30 January 2014. 6901:. 8 December 2019. 6875:. 7 December 2019. 6638:aviation-safety.net 6607:aviation-safety.net 6480:BBC, 19 March 2011. 6456:15 May 2021 at the 6052:27 May 2008 at the 5539:The Daily Telegraph 5355:Gordon, E. (2019). 5319:Gordon, E. (2019). 5286:Gordon, E. (2019). 5253:Weisman, Steven R. 5101:26 May 2010 at the 5013:Hurley, Matthew M. 4937:28 May 2017 at the 4818:Davies (2008), ch.3 4797:Davies (2008), ch.9 4762:New Design Features 4603:MiG-23 Edition 1971 4346:Related development 4250:Air-to-air missiles 4050:Max takeoff weight: 4040:TsAGI SR-12S (5.5%) 3922:Aircraft on display 3901:Ypsilanti, Michigan 3863:killing one person. 3548:Ukrainian Air Force 3511:Sri Lanka Air Force 3254:Hungarian Air Force 3084:Bulgarian Air Force 2884:Ethiopian Air Force 2027:in 1988 during the 1927:Ethiopian Civil War 1923:Ethiopian Air Force 1689:Libyan–Egyptian War 1389:that shot down two 1312:fired by a Turkish 1084:Bulgarian Air Force 1080:Hungarian Air Force 1037:Operational history 716:vertical stabilizer 696:trailing edge flaps 620:vertical stabilizer 418:air-to-air missiles 406:fire control system 284:beyond-visual-range 280:air-to-air missiles 203:NATO reporting name 125:Bulgarian Air Force 52:General information 11296:High-wing aircraft 11257:1919–1924 sequence 8421:. London: Osprey. 7821:The New York Times 7052:The New York Times 6930:The New York Times 6378:The New York Times 6349:. 6 January 1987. 5998:on 11 October 2011 5563:. 13 August 2012. 5265:The New York Times 5094:Pazynich, Sergey. 4369:Dassault Mirage F1 4315: 4176:Take-off distance: 3943: 3781: 3749:New Castle Airport 3720:Civilian operators 3616: 3566: 3419:Romanian Air Force 3402: 3371:Namibian Air Force 3312: 3266: 3237: 3198:Egyptian Air Force 3096: 3046:Algerian Air Force 2980: 2949:Sudanese Air Force 2846:DR Congo Air Force 2799: 2719:MiG-23MLGD (23-57) 2697:MiG-23MLGD (23-35) 2614:electronic warfare 2537:was equipped with 2527: 2442: 2343: 2175: 1991: 1931:Human Rights Watch 1879: 1736:combat air patrols 1702:AIM-9P3 Sidewinder 1673: 1665: 1643:Dam, by using the 1530:S-125 Neva/Pechora 1484:invasion of Kuwait 1396:combat air patrols 1370: 1222: 1145:The New York Times 1056: 1002:aircraft like the 839:hairline fractures 732:dogtooth extension 700:leading edge slats 680: 576: 574:KM-1 ejection seat 568: 497:or the 30-kiloton 479: 344: 311: 216:, designed by the 102:In limited service 11263: 11262: 11133: 11132: 10865: 10864: 9970:post-1962 systems 9918: 9917: 9907: 9906: 8635:MiG-23 on FAS.org 8584:978-1-84908-976-0 8565:978-1-78155-496-8 8534:Air International 8522:(in Russian) (3). 8460:978-0-19-929003-1 8444:(in Russian) (2). 8348:978-1-84603-970-6 8329:978-1-84603-169-4 8308:978-1-910294-54-3 8289:978-1-910294-53-6 8270:978-1-909982-39-0 8251:978-1-4728-1271-1 8232:978-1-912390-32-8 8178:(in Russian) (2). 8109:Lednicer, David. 8095:978-5-699-97338-5 7779:978-1-910809-31-0 7723:978-1-85743-606-8 7324:Two-Seat Floggers 7201:978-1-134-06962-0 7103:Peeters, Sander. 6988:. 30 March 2020. 6849:. 3 August 2019. 6347:Los Angeles Times 6144:978-0-620-14370-7 6022:aereimilitari.org 5366:978-1-910809-31-0 5330:978-1-910809-31-0 5297:978-1-910809-31-0 4911:Kondaurov, V. N. 4496:978-1-4299-0180-2 4473:Lake 1992, p. 45. 4182:Landing distance: 3797:Itavia Flight 870 3738:According to the 3438:Russian Air Force 3065:Belarus Air Force 2808:Current operators 2713:MiG-23MLS (23-47) 2707:MiG-23MLG (23-37) 2674:MiG-27 (MiG-23BM) 2606:laser rangefinder 2602:analogue computer 2539:vortex generators 2333:Second-generation 2238:export derivative 2102:behavior at high 2096:) on afterburner. 1981:Kargil War (1999) 1718:which led to the 1619:Matra R.550 Magic 1581:Operation Moduler 1458:close air support 1436:missile over the 1137:Soviet–Afghan War 1120:Soviet–Afghan War 1099:Russian Air Force 1060:Soviet Air Forces 858:known as project 849:Performance tests 451:rocket pods with 410:RP-22SM Sapfir-21 309:A Polish MiG-23MF 211:variable-geometry 187: 186: 162:Introduction date 16:(Redirected from 11313: 11276:Mikoyan aircraft 11061: 10985: 10876: 10875: 10793:Pursuit, biplace 10385: 9982: 9981: 9945: 9938: 9931: 9922: 9921: 9031: 9030: 8699: 8692: 8685: 8676: 8675: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8607: 8588: 8569: 8550: 8523: 8520:Авиация и время 8514: 8483: 8464: 8445: 8442:Авиация и время 8432: 8410: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8371: 8352: 8333: 8312: 8293: 8274: 8255: 8236: 8217: 8198: 8179: 8176:Авиация и время 8157: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8106: 8100: 8099: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7993:The Detroit News 7984: 7978: 7977: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7938: 7932: 7919: 7913: 7900: 7894: 7881: 7875: 7862: 7856: 7843: 7837: 7830: 7824: 7809:Brinkley, Joel. 7807: 7801: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7765: 7759: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7635:. Archived from 7629: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7545: 7536: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7440: 7423: 7420: 7407: 7404: 7393: 7390: 7381: 7378: 7367: 7361: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7336:"MiG-23 Flogger" 7332: 7326: 7320: 7311: 7308: 7299: 7296: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7260: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7227: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7027: 7016: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6538: 6532: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6487: 6481: 6467: 6461: 6447: 6441: 6424: 6418: 6412: 6406: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6212: 6206: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6132: 6126: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6060: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5994:. Archived from 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5909: 5902: 5894: 5885: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5778:on 5 August 2013 5774:. Archived from 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5737: 5731: 5730:, pp. 34–36 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5694:, pp. 23–25 5689: 5683: 5682:, pp. 20–23 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5615:. 22 June 2017. 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5536: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5508:. 24 July 2012. 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5434: 5431: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5268: 5251: 5245: 5242:Washington Post, 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5115: 5109: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5050: 5034: 5028: 5025:Airpower Journal 5011: 5005: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4967: 4961: 4948: 4942: 4929: 4923: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4885: 4882: 4871: 4855: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4819: 4816: 4807: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4747: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4724: 4721: 4698: 4695: 4682: 4676: 4659: 4653: 4630: 4624: 4605: 4599: 4580: 4574: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4465: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4334: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4192: 4142:Service ceiling: 4079: 3955: 3917: 3916: 3896: 3894: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3874: 3865: 3864: 3856: 3854: 3845: 3844: 3829:Nevada Test Site 3820: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3792: 3790: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3705: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3601: 3599: 3598: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3481:Soviet Air Force 3469: 3467: 3466: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3390:Polish Air Force 3383: 3381: 3380: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3348:Libyan Air Force 3341: 3339: 3338: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3283:Indian Air Force 3276: 3274: 3273: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3225:German Air Force 3218: 3216: 3215: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3175:German Air Force 3164: 3162: 3161: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3077: 3075: 3074: 3058: 3056: 3055: 3039: 3037: 3036: 3027:Afghan civil war 3023:Afghan Air Force 3016: 3014: 3013: 3004:Former operators 2990: 2988: 2987: 2968:Syrian Air Force 2961: 2959: 2958: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2903:Libyan Air Force 2896: 2894: 2893: 2877: 2875: 2874: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2839: 2837: 2836: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2106:, propensity to 2040:First-generation 1847:Libyan Civil War 1786:French Air Force 1771:Libyan Air Force 1761:Libyan Civil War 1678:Syrian Air Force 1551:In 2003, during 1510:invasion of Iraq 1310:AIM-9 Sidewinder 1296:Syrian civil war 1272:Syrian Civil War 1107:German Air Force 1088:Polish Air Force 996:aerial refueling 973: 958: 939: 856:training program 650:Control surfaces 624:drogue parachute 585:instrument panel 329: 252:laser designator 218:Mikoyan-Gurevich 214:fighter aircraft 200: 120:Indian Air Force 116:Syrian Air Force 111:Soviet Air Force 89:Mikoyan-Gurevich 61:Fighter aircraft 44: 32: 31: 21: 11321: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11311: 11310: 11266: 11265: 11264: 11259: 11250: 11243: 11227: 11129: 11096: 11059: 10983: 10871: 10861: 10835: 10814: 10788: 10478: 10383: 9977: 9971: 9949: 9919: 9914: 9903: 9656: 9648: 9520: 9512: 9394: 9201: 9022: 8995: 8989: 8873: 8855: 8837: 8814: 8718: 8709: 8703: 8631: 8618: 8616: 8604: 8585: 8566: 8503: 8480: 8461: 8439: 8429: 8407: 8385: 8383: 8368: 8349: 8330: 8309: 8290: 8271: 8252: 8233: 8195: 8173: 8166: 8161: 8160: 8150: 8148: 8139: 8138: 8134: 8124: 8122: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8083: 8078: 8074: 8067: 8047: 8043: 8033: 8031: 8016: 8012: 8002: 8000: 7985: 7981: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7947: 7945: 7940: 7939: 7935: 7929:Wayback Machine 7920: 7916: 7910:Wayback Machine 7901: 7897: 7891:Wayback Machine 7882: 7878: 7872:Wayback Machine 7863: 7859: 7853:Wayback Machine 7844: 7840: 7831: 7827: 7818:Wayback Machine 7808: 7804: 7799: 7795: 7780: 7766: 7762: 7756:Wayback Machine 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7724: 7705: 7701: 7691: 7689: 7656: 7652: 7642: 7640: 7631: 7630: 7626: 7618: 7614: 7606: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7582: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7558: 7554: 7546: 7539: 7531: 7527: 7489: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7465: 7458: 7450: 7446: 7441: 7426: 7421: 7410: 7405: 7396: 7391: 7384: 7379: 7370: 7362: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7321: 7314: 7309: 7302: 7297: 7288: 7278: 7276: 7261: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7229: 7228: 7221: 7211: 7209: 7202: 7186: 7182: 7172: 7170: 7162:TheGuardian.com 7155: 7154: 7150: 7140: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7101: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7061: 7059: 7054:. 7 June 1998. 7046: 7045: 7041: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6980: 6979: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6922: 6918: 6908: 6906: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6779: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6735: 6733: 6718: 6714: 6704: 6702: 6687: 6683: 6673: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6632:Ranter, Harro. 6630: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6601:Ranter, Harro. 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6553: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6529:Wayback Machine 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6497:Wayback Machine 6488: 6484: 6478:Wayback Machine 6468: 6464: 6458:Wayback Machine 6448: 6444: 6440:, 1 March 2011. 6435:Wayback Machine 6425: 6421: 6413: 6409: 6401: 6397: 6387: 6385: 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6341: 6340: 6336: 6328: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6277: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6221:warisboring.com 6213: 6209: 6200:Wayback Machine 6190: 6186: 6178: 6174: 6166: 6162: 6154: 6150: 6133: 6129: 6120:Wayback Machine 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6072: 6063: 6054:Wayback Machine 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5903:. p. 353. 5900: 5896: 5895: 5888: 5882:Wayback Machine 5872: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5834: 5830: 5822: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5738: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5690: 5686: 5678: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5620: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5513: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5468: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5444: 5437: 5432: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5396:Wayback Machine 5386: 5382: 5367: 5353: 5346: 5331: 5317: 5313: 5298: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5271: 5262:Wayback Machine 5252: 5248: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5103:Wayback Machine 5093: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5072: 5068: 5060: 5053: 5044:Wayback Machine 5035: 5031: 5022:Wayback Machine 5012: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4958:Wayback Machine 4949: 4945: 4939:Wayback Machine 4930: 4926: 4920:Wayback Machine 4910: 4906: 4901: 4888: 4883: 4874: 4868:Gainesville Sun 4865:Wayback Machine 4856: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4750: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4727: 4722: 4701: 4696: 4685: 4677: 4662: 4654: 4633: 4625: 4608: 4600: 4583: 4575: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4429: 4424: 4332:Aviation portal 4330: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4313:MiG-23 monument 4273:R-13M or R-13M1 4246: 4223: 4211:with 200 rounds 4193: 4188: 4172: 4075: 3951: 3935: 3930: 3924: 3913:Belleville Lake 3898: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3858: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3822: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3794: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3769: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3699: 3692: 3656: 3654: 3634: 3632: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3571: 3569: 3536: 3534: 3518: 3516: 3499: 3497: 3464: 3462: 3445: 3443: 3426: 3424: 3407: 3405: 3378: 3376: 3359: 3357: 3336: 3334: 3317: 3315: 3302:Iraqi Air Force 3290: 3288: 3271: 3269: 3242: 3240: 3213: 3211: 3186: 3184: 3159: 3157: 3140: 3138: 3133:Czech Air Force 3121: 3119: 3102: 3100: 3072: 3070: 3053: 3051: 3034: 3032: 3011: 3009: 3006: 2985: 2983: 2956: 2954: 2937: 2935: 2918: 2916: 2891: 2889: 2872: 2870: 2865:Cuban Air Force 2853: 2851: 2834: 2832: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2805: 2791: 2688: 2594: 2558:flight recorder 2374: 2370: 2360:angle of attack 2335: 2194: 2190: 2152: 2148: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2042: 2037: 2021: 1997: 1978: 1957:Tigray conflict 1911: 1871: 1854:and crashed in 1653: 1561: 1538: 1480: 1474: 1450:strike packages 1417:Iraqi Air Force 1362: 1354:Iraqi Air Force 1341: 1288:9K115-2 Metis-M 1280: 1209: 1149:Washington Post 1048: 1039: 1026: 988:F-111F Aardvark 984:strike aircraft 974: 971: 959: 956: 940: 934: 912:no circle fight 881:angle of attack 851: 797: 745: 720:brake parachute 652: 640:head-up display 593:angle of attack 560: 440:(AS-7 "Kerry") 420:(typically two 416:(AA-2 "Atoll") 402: 397: 278:(AA-2 "Atoll") 264: 136: 128: 123: 118: 73:National origin 64: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11319: 11309: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11261: 11260: 11248: 11245: 11244: 11242: 11241: 11235: 11233: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11219: 11218: 11213: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11193: 11192: 11191: 11181: 11180: 11179: 11171: 11170: 11169: 11159: 11158: 11157: 11152: 11141: 11139: 11135: 11134: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11127: 11122: 11121: 11120: 11115: 11104: 11102: 11101:Non-sequential 11098: 11097: 11095: 11094: 11089: 11088: 11087: 11082: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11056: 11055: 11050: 11040: 11035: 11034: 11033: 11028: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10980: 10979: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10958: 10957: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10931: 10930: 10920: 10919: 10918: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10897: 10896: 10891: 10882: 10880: 10873: 10872:(1962–present) 10867: 10866: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10843: 10841: 10840:Non-sequential 10837: 10836: 10834: 10833: 10828: 10822: 10820: 10816: 10815: 10813: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10796: 10794: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10786: 10785: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10733: 10732: 10727: 10719: 10714: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10692: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10675: 10670: 10669: 10668: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10592: 10591: 10586: 10576: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10564: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10528: 10527: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10486: 10484: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10200: 10199: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9988: 9986: 9979: 9976:1924 sequences 9973: 9972: 9948: 9947: 9940: 9933: 9925: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9660: 9658: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9646: 9645: 9644: 9628: 9620: 9612: 9605: 9604: 9603: 9595: 9579: 9571: 9563: 9556: 9548: 9540: 9532: 9524: 9522: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9489: 9488: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9402: 9400: 9396: 9395: 9393: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9366: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9209: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9145: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9037: 9035: 9028: 9027:By designation 9024: 9023: 9021: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 8999: 8997: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8883: 8881: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8871: 8865: 8863: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8847: 8845: 8843:Reconnaissance 8839: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8830: 8824: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8801: 8800: 8795: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8724: 8722: 8711: 8710: 8702: 8701: 8694: 8687: 8679: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8630: 8629:External links 8627: 8626: 8625: 8608: 8602: 8589: 8583: 8570: 8564: 8551: 8524: 8515: 8501: 8484: 8478: 8465: 8459: 8446: 8433: 8427: 8411: 8405: 8392: 8372: 8366: 8353: 8347: 8334: 8328: 8313: 8307: 8294: 8288: 8275: 8269: 8256: 8250: 8237: 8231: 8218: 8205:Air Enthusiast 8199: 8193: 8180: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8132: 8101: 8094: 8088:]. ĖKSMO. 8072: 8065: 8041: 8010: 7979: 7955: 7933: 7914: 7895: 7876: 7857: 7838: 7825: 7802: 7793: 7778: 7760: 7741: 7722: 7699: 7673:(1): 158–217. 7650: 7624: 7612: 7600: 7588: 7576: 7574:, p. 166. 7564: 7552: 7537: 7525: 7506:(1): 328–395. 7483: 7471: 7456: 7444: 7424: 7408: 7394: 7382: 7368: 7353: 7327: 7312: 7300: 7286: 7252: 7219: 7200: 7180: 7148: 7122: 7095: 7069: 7039: 7003: 6973: 6947: 6916: 6890: 6864: 6835: 6804: 6773: 6743: 6712: 6681: 6655: 6624: 6593: 6563: 6533: 6513: 6501: 6482: 6469:Pannell, Ian. 6462: 6442: 6438:The Hindu News 6419: 6407: 6395: 6364: 6334: 6319: 6307: 6295: 6283: 6268: 6238: 6207: 6184: 6172: 6160: 6148: 6127: 6104: 6078: 6061: 6039: 6009: 5979: 5947: 5921: 5886: 5866: 5840: 5828: 5813: 5801: 5789: 5763: 5732: 5720: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5672: 5660: 5630: 5604: 5578: 5548: 5523: 5493: 5462: 5450: 5435: 5423: 5411: 5399: 5380: 5365: 5344: 5329: 5311: 5296: 5278: 5269: 5246: 5230: 5200: 5170: 5140: 5110: 5087: 5078: 5066: 5051: 5029: 5006: 4997: 4988: 4962: 4943: 4924: 4904: 4886: 4872: 4850: 4841: 4829: 4820: 4808: 4799: 4790: 4774: 4765: 4748: 4739: 4725: 4699: 4683: 4660: 4631: 4606: 4581: 4564: 4533: 4516:AirVectors.net 4510:Goebel, Greg. 4502: 4495: 4475: 4466: 4457: 4448: 4436: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4352:Mikoyan MiG-27 4343: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4319: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4212: 4186: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4163: 4157: 4154:Rate of climb: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4115: 4114: 4108: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4088: 4087: 4084:Maximum speed: 4073: 4072: 4059: 4056:Fuel capacity: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4007: 4006: 4000: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3934: 3931: 3926:Main article: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3886: 3866: 3846: 3825:Robert M. Bond 3810: 3801:Sila Mountains 3768: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3756: 3744: 3743: 3736: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3689: 3688: 3677:U.S. Air Force 3668: 3667: 3665: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3629: 3628: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3532: 3527: 3514: 3508: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3460: 3454: 3441: 3435: 3422: 3416: 3394: 3393: 3387: 3374: 3368: 3355: 3345: 3332: 3326: 3313: 3299: 3286: 3280: 3258: 3257: 3251: 3229: 3228: 3222: 3209: 3195: 3182: 3168: 3155: 3149: 3147:Czechoslovakia 3136: 3130: 3128:Czech Republic 3117: 3112: 3088: 3087: 3081: 3068: 3062: 3049: 3043: 3030: 3020: 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2994: 2972: 2971: 2965: 2952: 2946: 2933: 2927: 2914: 2900: 2887: 2881: 2868: 2862: 2849: 2843: 2830: 2824: 2809: 2806: 2801:Main article: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2622: 2621: 2598: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2570: 2569: 2548: 2547: 2531: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2508: 2507: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2450:Vympel R-24R/T 2446: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2427: 2413: 2412: 2389: 2388: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2347: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2284:, eighteen to 2278: 2274: 2273: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2201: 2200: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2074:RP-22SM Sapfir 2070: 2066: 2065: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2020: 2017: 1993:Main article: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1974: 1910: 1907: 1870: 1867: 1806:and the rival 1763: 1762: 1652: 1649: 1634:FIM-92 Stinger 1566: 1565: 1564:Cuba in Angola 1560: 1557: 1546:AIM-54 Phoenix 1537: 1534: 1495:EF-111A Ravens 1476:Main article: 1473: 1470: 1405:MIM-23B I-HAWK 1361: 1358: 1345:Hawker Hunters 1340: 1337: 1322:Selex ES Falco 1274: 1273: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1205: 1187:Naval aviation 1047: 1044: 1038: 1035: 1024: 969: 954: 932: 850: 847: 821:an individual 796: 793: 744: 741: 651: 648: 605:infinity focus 589:control column 583:controls. The 559: 556: 514:Vympel R-24R/T 447:, two to four 442:radio guidance 424:R-3Rs and two 401: 398: 396: 393: 263: 260: 248:Mikoyan MiG-27 229:Su-17 "Fitter" 185: 184: 182:Mikoyan MiG-27 179: 175: 174: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 114: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 86: 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 66:Fighter-bomber 58: 54: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11318: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11258: 11254: 11246: 11240: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11230: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11202: 11199: 11198: 11197: 11194: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11185: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11168: 11165: 11164: 11163: 11160: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11147: 11146: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11136: 11126: 11123: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11110: 11109: 11106: 11105: 11103: 11099: 11093: 11090: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11058: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11045: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11022: 11019: 11015: 11014:F-15 STOL/MTD 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10996: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10982: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10956: 10953: 10952: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10929: 10926: 10925: 10924: 10921: 10917: 10914: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10886: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879:Main sequence 10877: 10874: 10868: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10838: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10823: 10821: 10817: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10795: 10791: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 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8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8632: 8614: 8609: 8605: 8603:0-517-24948-0 8599: 8595: 8590: 8586: 8580: 8576: 8571: 8567: 8561: 8557: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8521: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8502:1-874023-73-5 8498: 8494: 8490: 8485: 8481: 8479:0-86124-127-4 8475: 8471: 8466: 8462: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8434: 8430: 8428:1-85532-405-9 8424: 8420: 8416: 8415:Gunston, Bill 8412: 8408: 8406:1-85780-211-X 8402: 8398: 8393: 8382: 8378: 8373: 8369: 8367:1-904687-84-9 8363: 8359: 8354: 8350: 8344: 8340: 8335: 8331: 8325: 8321: 8320: 8314: 8310: 8304: 8300: 8295: 8291: 8285: 8281: 8276: 8272: 8266: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8243: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8224: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8206: 8200: 8196: 8194:1-85310-488-4 8190: 8186: 8181: 8177: 8168: 8167: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8105: 8097: 8091: 8087: 8076: 8068: 8066:1-85753-198-1 8062: 8058: 8054: 8053: 8045: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8014: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7975: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7959: 7943: 7937: 7930: 7926: 7923: 7918: 7911: 7907: 7904: 7899: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7880: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7861: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7842: 7835: 7829: 7822: 7819: 7815: 7812: 7806: 7797: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7753: 7750: 7745: 7729: 7725: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7709: 7703: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7654: 7638: 7634: 7628: 7622:, p. 88. 7621: 7616: 7609: 7604: 7597: 7592: 7585: 7580: 7573: 7568: 7562:, p. 34. 7561: 7556: 7550:, p. 30. 7549: 7544: 7542: 7535:, p. 25. 7534: 7529: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7487: 7481:, p. 18. 7480: 7475: 7469:, p. 16. 7468: 7463: 7461: 7454:, p. 12. 7453: 7448: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7389: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7366: 7360: 7358: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7317: 7307: 7305: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7259: 7257: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7224: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7184: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7057: 7053: 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5997: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5964: 5957: 5951: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5906: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5873:Cooper, Tom. 5870: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5820: 5818: 5810: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5724: 5717: 5712: 5705: 5700: 5693: 5688: 5681: 5676: 5669: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5535: 5527: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5454: 5447: 5442: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5384: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5358: 5351: 5349: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5273: 5266: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5250: 5243: 5240: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5158: 5154: 5153:www.airwar.ru 5150: 5144: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5097: 5091: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4976: 4972: 4971:""МIG-23ML" " 4966: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4947: 4940: 4936: 4933: 4928: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4854: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4824: 4815: 4813: 4803: 4794: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4743: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4681: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4658: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4506: 4498: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4479: 4470: 4461: 4452: 4445: 4444:Mladenov 2004 4440: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4395:Related lists 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4333: 4322: 4311: 4302: 4299: 4293: 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3760:Dallas, Texas 3757: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3735: 3734:United States 3724: 3723: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3703: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3663:United States 3653: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3593: 3592: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3472: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3314: 3308: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3109:Cote d'Ivoire 3098: 3097: 3092: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3008: 3007: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2812: 2811: 2804: 2795: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2483:Perekhvatchik 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2423:rate of climb 2419: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2339: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2302:United States 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2157: 2156: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1987: 1980: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1875: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1775: 1772: 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1142: 1141:friendly fire 1138: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1068:point defense 1063: 1061: 1052: 1043: 1034: 1030: 1023: 1021: 1015: 1012: 1011:Northrop F-5s 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992:MiG-25 Foxbat 989: 985: 981: 968: 966: 953: 948: 946: 938: 931: 928: 922: 920: 915: 913: 909: 905: 900: 898: 892: 890: 889:sound barrier 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 864: 861: 857: 846: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 824: 820: 816: 811: 807: 802: 792: 790: 786: 781: 779: 778:hard currency 774: 769: 765: 760: 758: 754: 750: 749:Tumansky R-29 740: 736: 733: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 704: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 676: 672: 669: 665: 661: 660:hydraulically 658:. These were 657: 647: 645: 641: 636: 634: 630: 625: 621: 617: 613: 612:ejection seat 610:The MiG-23's 608: 606: 602: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 572: 564: 555: 553: 552:cluster bombs 550: 546: 542: 538: 535: 531: 527: 523: 520:rockets, the 519: 515: 511: 508: 502: 500: 496: 493: 489: 485: 475: 471: 469: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 392: 390: 386: 381: 377: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 342:MiG-23 parked 340: 336: 334: 330: 328: 322: 321: 316: 307: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 259: 257: 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 221:design bureau 219: 215: 212: 208: 204: 196: 192: 183: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 143: 139: 134: 133: 126: 122:(historical) 121: 117: 112: 109: 107:Primary users 105: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 85: 81: 78: 75: 71: 67: 62: 59: 55: 50: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 11184:YF-113 (III) 11176: 11173:YF-113 (II) 9748: 9738: 9723: 9668: 9653: 9639: 9631: 9623: 9615: 9608: 9598: 9590: 9582: 9574: 9566: 9559: 9551: 9543: 9535: 9528: 9517: 9502: 9125: 8960:Project 1.44 8879:Experimental 8827: 8777: 8720:interceptors 8617:. Retrieved 8593: 8574: 8555: 8541:(6): 44–49. 8538: 8532: 8528: 8519: 8492: 8488: 8469: 8450: 8441: 8418: 8396: 8384:. Retrieved 8380: 8357: 8338: 8318: 8298: 8279: 8260: 8241: 8222: 8203: 8184: 8175: 8164:Bibliography 8149:. Retrieved 8135: 8123:. Retrieved 8114: 8104: 8085: 8075: 8051: 8044: 8032:. Retrieved 8023: 8013: 8001:. Retrieved 7992: 7982: 7974:the original 7967: 7958: 7946:. Retrieved 7936: 7917: 7898: 7879: 7860: 7841: 7833: 7828: 7820: 7805: 7796: 7769: 7763: 7744: 7732:. Retrieved 7712: 7702: 7690:. Retrieved 7670: 7666: 7653: 7641:. Retrieved 7637:the original 7627: 7615: 7610:, p. 57 7603: 7598:, p. 49 7591: 7586:, p. 17 7579: 7567: 7555: 7528: 7503: 7499: 7486: 7474: 7447: 7364: 7344:. Retrieved 7330: 7323: 7277:. Retrieved 7268: 7243:. Retrieved 7234: 7210:. Retrieved 7190: 7183: 7171:. Retrieved 7160: 7151: 7139:. Retrieved 7125: 7113:. Retrieved 7098: 7086:. Retrieved 7072: 7060:. Retrieved 7051: 7042: 7030:. Retrieved 7018: 7006: 6994:. 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Retrieved 5843: 5838:, p. 52 5831: 5826:, p. 41 5811:, p. 38 5804: 5796: 5792: 5780:. Retrieved 5776:the original 5766: 5754:. Retrieved 5745: 5735: 5723: 5718:, p. 25 5711: 5706:, p. 14 5699: 5687: 5675: 5663: 5653:15 September 5651:. Retrieved 5642: 5633: 5621:. Retrieved 5607: 5595:. Retrieved 5581: 5569:. Retrieved 5560: 5551: 5538: 5526: 5514:. Retrieved 5505: 5496: 5484:. Retrieved 5476:The Guardian 5475: 5465: 5460:, p. 61 5453: 5448:, p. 18 5414: 5409:, p. 11 5402: 5383: 5356: 5320: 5314: 5287: 5281: 5272: 5264: 5249: 5241: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5212: 5203: 5191:. Retrieved 5182: 5173: 5163:23 September 5161:. Retrieved 5152: 5143: 5131:. Retrieved 5122: 5113: 5106:airforce.ru. 5105: 5090: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5046: 5032: 5024: 5009: 5000: 4991: 4979:. Retrieved 4965: 4946: 4927: 4907: 4867: 4853: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4823: 4802: 4793: 4768: 4761: 4742: 4679: 4656: 4627: 4602: 4577: 4555:. Retrieved 4546: 4536: 4524:. Retrieved 4515: 4505: 4485: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4446:, p. 45 4439: 4430: 4394: 4393: 4389:Sukhoi Su-24 4384:Shenyang J-8 4362: 4361: 4345: 4344: 4300: 4267:R-23 or R-24 4243: 4220: 4214: 4197: 4189: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4136:Ferry range: 4135: 4110: 4104: 4083: 4076: 4074: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4002: 3996: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3952: 3950: 3945: 3944: 3805:Castelsilano 3685:Constant Peg 3680: 3621:Nanchang Q-6 3471:Soviet Union 3452:Turkmenistan 3166:East Germany 3099: 2631:Sukhoi Su-17 2626: 2618:Lyulka AL-21 2608:and a PBK-3 2512: 2482: 2350: 2253: 2241: 2214:East Germany 2210:4th TsBPiPLS 2206:Znamya Truda 2185:izdeliye 55a 2184: 2176: 2142:wing loading 2113:4th TsBPiPLS 2050:Sukhoi Su-24 2022: 1998: 1954: 1943: 1912: 1903: 1895:Shenyang J-6 1888: 1884:Mersa Matruh 1880: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1816: 1797: 1794: 1783: 1776: 1764: 1752: 1745: 1728: 1724: 1713: 1706: 1693:Mersa Matruh 1682: 1674: 1644: 1631: 1605: 1578: 1567: 1550: 1539: 1523: 1507: 1492: 1481: 1466: 1446: 1442: 1438:Persian Gulf 1422: 1400:F-4 Phantoms 1391:F-14 Tomcats 1384: 1379:Northrop F-5 1371: 1342: 1330: 1319: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1293: 1281: 1259: 1254:A-4 Skyhawks 1251: 1231: 1223: 1198: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1177: 1173: 1157:AH-1J Cobras 1154: 1148: 1144: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1111: 1104: 1092: 1076: 1064: 1057: 1040: 1031: 1027: 1016: 1008: 982:or American 976: 962: 950: 942: 924: 916: 901: 893: 869:F-4E Phantom 865: 860:Constant Peg 852: 835:fuel bladder 828: 810:Edition 1971 809: 798: 782: 761: 746: 737: 728: 705: 681: 653: 637: 609: 597: 577: 503: 488:nuclear bomb 480: 457:S-24 rockets 403: 373: 368: 345: 332: 324: 318: 314: 312: 265: 245: 237:RP-23 Sapfir 206: 190: 188: 173:10 June 1967 170:First flight 154:Manufactured 141:Number built 131: 127:(historical) 113:(historical) 84:Manufacturer 77:Soviet Union 29: 11251:See also: " 10777:AFTI/F-111A 10589:F-86D/G/K/L 10010:Curtiss P-4 9978:(1924–1962) 9968:Tri-Service 9126:MiG-23 (II) 8965:Project LFI 8386:12 December 7643:10 December 7608:Cooper 2018 7596:Cooper 2018 7584:Cooper 2018 7279:22 February 7245:22 February 7115:14 November 7062:11 February 7019:www.hrw.org 6828:19 December 6797:19 December 6736:19 December 6586:29 November 6415:Cooper 2018 6388:11 February 6330:Cooper 2018 6303:Cooper 2018 6291:Cooper 2018 6279:Cooper 2018 6180:Cooper 2018 6156:Cooper 2018 6097:14 November 6074:Cooper 2018 6032:29 November 6002:29 November 5940:14 November 5859:14 November 5836:Cooper 2018 5824:Cooper 2018 5809:Cooper 2018 5756:19 November 5728:Cooper 2018 5716:Cooper 2018 5704:Cooper 2018 5692:Cooper 2018 5680:Cooper 2018 5668:Cooper 2018 5597:14 November 5571:29 November 5516:29 November 5486:29 November 5458:Cooper 2018 5446:Cooper 2018 5419:Cooper 2018 5407:Cooper 2018 5193:29 November 5133:29 November 4981:7 September 4215:Hardpoints: 4077:Performance 4062:Powerplant: 3018:Afghanistan 2925:North Korea 2775:MiG-23-98-2 2770:Vympel R-77 2766:Vympel R-27 2463:interceptor 2288:, eight to 2258:Third World 2254:izdeliya 2B 2246:Warsaw Pact 2242:izdeliye 2A 2013:Mirage 2000 1810:during the 1709:Sila massif 1680:personnel. 1488:MIM-23 Hawk 1179:makeshift ' 764:F-4 Phantom 753:afterburner 724:ventral fin 710:controlled 703:condition. 690:to control 671:altitudes. 453:S-5 rockets 385:interdictor 335:" in 1965. 262:Development 235:radar, the 11270:Categories 11162:YF-113 (I) 10015:Boeing P-4 9913:Unofficial 9521:(aircraft) 9323:I-320 (II) 9121:MiG-23 (I) 9086:MiG-9 (II) 9071:MiG-7 (II) 8748:MiG-7 (II) 8619:13 January 8151:27 January 7788:1108690733 7560:Hoyle 2023 7548:Hoyle 2023 7533:Hoyle 2023 7479:Hoyle 2023 7467:Hoyle 2023 7452:Hoyle 2023 7173:5 December 7141:5 December 7032:4 December 6909:9 December 6883:9 December 6857:9 December 6756:airsoc.com 5972:17 October 5541:. London. 5375:1108690733 5339:1108690733 5306:1108690733 4838:VG Concept 4422:References 4292:Kh-23 Grom 4209:autocannon 4003:Wing area: 3893:2023-08-13 3873:1992-12-22 3853:1989-07-04 3817:1984-04-26 3789:1980-07-18 3707:Yugoslavia 3578:Uzbekistan 3324:Kazakhstan 2754:MiG-23ML-1 2610:bomb sight 2535:pitot boom 2498:, enabled 2479:MiG-19P/PM 2467:PVO Strany 2406:UPK-23-250 2197:drop tanks 2062:hardpoints 2007:, MiG-23, 2001:Kargil War 1939:phosphorus 1790:G-2 Galebs 1601:drag chute 1597:hydraulics 1387:Mirage F1s 1328:missiles. 1276:See also: 1004:E-3 Sentry 873:F-15 Eagle 815:drop tanks 801:fuel tanks 603:. With an 510:23 mm 507:UPK-23-250 434:autocannon 68:(B series) 63:(M series) 11201:YF-114C/D 11177:YF-113B/D 11150:YF-110B/D 11048:F/A-18E/F 9657:(product) 9318:I-320 (I) 9081:MiG-9 (I) 9066:MiG-7 (I) 9008:MiG 18-50 8996:cancelled 8994:Proposed, 8743:MiG-7 (I) 8547:0306-5634 8511:0959-7050 8495:: 40–45. 8214:0143-5450 8034:13 August 8024:The Drive 8003:13 August 7884:"Mig-23." 7865:"MiG-23." 7846:"MiG-23." 7734:23 August 7692:18 August 7687:0459-7222 7620:IISS 2000 7572:IISS 2000 7520:0459-7222 7269:Oryx Blog 7212:23 August 6818:AeroHisto 6787:AeroHisto 6726:AeroHisto 6576:janes.com 4244:Missiles: 4148:g limits: 3972:Wingspan: 3946:Data from 3506:Sri Lanka 2789:Operators 2760:MiG-23-98 2742:MiG-23MLK 2620:turbojet. 2530:MiG-23MLD 2445:MiG-23MLA 2411:gun pods. 2117:979th IAP 1961:Abiy Addi 1860:Strela-2M 1856:Al Zawiya 1850:southern 1757:in 1989. 1645:Ystervark 1611:Mirage F1 1570:Mirage F1 708:tailerons 686:but used 292:lift jets 256:TV camera 157:1967–1985 132:Operators 9654:Izdeliye 9626:(F) (II) 9190:MiG-2000 9013:MiG-2000 8950:MiG Skat 8861:Trainers 8715:Fighters 8708:aircraft 8529:Floggers 8417:(1995). 8145:Archived 8125:16 April 8119:Archived 8028:Archived 7997:Archived 7925:Archived 7906:Archived 7887:Archived 7868:Archived 7849:Archived 7814:Archived 7752:Archived 7728:Archived 7710:(2011). 7340:Archived 7273:Archived 7239:Archived 7206:Archived 7167:Archived 7135:Archived 7109:Archived 7107:. ACIG. 7088:8 August 7082:Archived 7056:Archived 7023:Archived 6996:24 April 6990:Archived 6966:24 April 6960:Archived 6940:24 April 6934:Archived 6903:Archived 6877:Archived 6851:Archived 6822:Archived 6791:Archived 6760:Archived 6730:Archived 6699:Archived 6668:Archived 6642:Archived 6611:Archived 6580:Archived 6550:Archived 6525:Archived 6493:Archived 6474:Archived 6454:Archived 6431:Archived 6382:Archived 6357:5 August 6351:Archived 6261:6 August 6255:Archived 6231:5 August 6225:Archived 6196:Archived 6116:Archived 6091:Archived 6057:F-16.net 6050:Archived 6026:Archived 5963:Archived 5934:Archived 5905:Archived 5878:Archived 5853:Archived 5851:. ACIG. 5750:Archived 5647:Archived 5643:avia.pro 5617:Archived 5591:Archived 5565:Archived 5561:BBC News 5543:Archived 5510:Archived 5506:BBC News 5480:Archived 5392:Archived 5258:Archived 5217:Archived 5187:Archived 5183:f-16.net 5157:Archived 5127:Archived 5123:f-16.net 5099:Archived 5040:Archived 5018:Archived 4975:Archived 4954:Archived 4935:Archived 4916:Archived 4861:Archived 4551:Archived 4526:14 March 4520:Archived 4318:See also 4221:Rockets: 4190:Armament 3841:Maryland 3079:Bulgaria 2992:Zimbabwe 2879:Ethiopia 2781:MiG-23LL 2748:MiG-23MD 2739:MiG-23K. 2658:MiG-23BN 2650:MiG-23BK 2496:datalink 2426:minutes. 2394:avionics 2346:MiG-23ML 2325:MiG-23UB 2309:MiG-23MP 2300:and the 2277:MiG-23MS 2266:datalink 2233:MiG-23MF 2035:Variants 1909:Ethiopia 1641:Calueque 1615:FAPA/DAA 1526:2K12 Kub 1503:Gulf War 1147:and the 970:— 955:— 933:— 831:integral 688:spoilers 684:ailerons 664:throttle 532:(GP) or 414:R-3/K-13 400:Armament 389:dogfight 363:(17,300 357:Tumansky 320:MiG-23PD 276:R-3/K-13 178:Variants 11216:YF-117D 11211:YF-117A 11207:YF-117 11189:YF-113C 11167:YF-113A 11155:YF-110C 10782:EF-111A 10710:NF-104A 10562:F-84F/J 9804:65 (II) 9769:50 (II) 9754:32 (II) 9739:23 (II) 9729:22 (II) 9618:(F) (I) 9593:(SI/SF) 9518:Samolet 9185:MiG-110 9180:MiG-105 9018:MiG SVB 8970:MiG-105 8955:MiG-110 8946:MiG-21I 8851:MiG-25R 8828:MiG-23B 7346:26 July 7235:AP News 6766:3 March 6705:3 March 6674:3 March 6648:3 March 6617:3 March 6556:6 April 5914:8 March 5782:4 April 5223:4 March 4557:4 March 4259:or 2 x 4029:Airfoil 3997:Height: 3966:Length: 3891: ( 3871: ( 3851: ( 3815: ( 3787: ( 3543:Ukraine 3414:Romania 3366:Namibia 3249:Hungary 3220:Germany 3060:Belarus 3041:Algeria 2735:MiG-23A 2725:MiG-23K 2691:MiG-23R 2642:MiG-23B 2597:MiG-23B 2580:Chuhuiv 2576:Kubinka 2458:MiG-23P 2351:Lyogkiy 2317:MiG-23U 2180:MiG-23M 2069:MiG-23S 1965:Mekelle 1950:MiG-29s 1863:MANPADS 1852:Tripoli 1765:In the 1716:US Navy 1637:MANPADS 1411:and no 1266:Lebanon 1114:Top Gun 1054:MiG-23M 843:g-force 806:wingbox 773:sorties 757:louvers 692:rolling 558:Cockpit 549:RBK-500 545:FAB-250 541:FAB-100 534:ZAB-500 526:FAB-500 492:kiloton 369:MiG-23S 209:) is a 207:Flogger 195:Russian 149:History 93:Mikoyan 11223:YF-118 11196:YF-114 11145:YF-110 11053:EA-18G 11043:F/A-18 11031:NF-16D 11026:F-16XL 11004:F-15EX 10955:F-9F–J 10916:F-4K/M 10894:F-1E/F 10889:F-1C/D 10772:F-111K 10767:F-111C 10762:F-111B 10725:XF-106 10721:F-106 10705:F-104S 10700:XF-104 10683:F-102B 10666:F-100B 10525:RF-61C 9799:65 (I) 9764:50 (I) 9749:32 (I) 9734:23 (I) 9724:22 (I) 9508:Ye-266 9503:Ye-231 9498:Ye-166 9493:Ye-518 9481:Ye-155 9476:Ye-152 9471:Ye-151 9466:Ye-150 9461:Ye-133 9197:MiG-AT 9175:MiG-35 9170:MiG-33 9165:MiG-31 9148:MiG-29 9143:MiG-27 9131:MiG-25 9116:MiG-21 9111:MiG-19 9106:MiG-17 9101:MiG-15 9096:MiG-13 9091:MiG-11 8985:PAK DP 8975:MiG-33 8869:MiG-AT 8833:MiG-27 8820:Attack 8810:MiG-35 8805:MiG-31 8788:MiG-29 8783:MiG-25 8778:MiG-23 8773:MiG-21 8768:MiG-19 8763:MiG-17 8758:MiG-15 8600: 8581: 8562: 8545: 8509: 8499: 8476: 8457: 8425: 8403: 8364: 8345: 8326: 8305: 8286: 8267: 8248: 8229: 8212: 8191: 8092: 8063: 7948:24 May 7786: 7776: 7720: 7685: 7518: 7198: 7012:"Info" 6142: 5992:mod.uk 5373: 5363: 5337: 5327: 5304: 5294: 4493: 4301:Bombs: 4105:Range: 3843:, U.S. 3731: 3681:YF-113 3675:. 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