636:, amongst others, each of whom was affiliated either to 14 March or 8 March camps. It soon became apparent however that only an independent candidate would be acceptable to both sides. Suleiman was generally accepted as being the only possible candidate and as a unifying candidate. Most Lebanese commentators and policy makers agreed that Suleiman had won the trust of both the government and opposition camp, and that of most countries in the Arab region, as well as most Western countries. However, his election could not take place until a number of fundamental disagreements between 14 and 8 March camps could be resolved, including the issue of whether a government of national unity should be formed, and what specific electoral law should be passed in preparation for the parliamentary elections that were to take place in 2009. These difficulties were eventually resolved during the negotiations that took place in
674:
649:
was attended by senior representatives from across
Lebanon, the Arab region, the United Nations and the European Union, the United States, European states and many other countries. In his acceptance speech which was welcomed by all political figures across the country, the Arab region and the rest of the world, Suleiman spoke of "uniting and working towards a solid reconciliation of the country. We have paid dearly for our national unity. Let us preserve it hand-in-hand". He also made reference to the long-standing crisis between the country's two main political camps when he said that "the people have given us their confidence to fulfill their aspirations, not to afflict them with our petty political disputes".
1263:
858:
1009:
736:
1168:
566:. The fighting lasted until 14 May 2008, when the Lebanese government canceled its two decisions after the proposition of Suleiman to do so. As the crisis ended, Suleiman was the subject of criticism by some commentators and politicians since the Army did not directly intervene in the armed clashes that took place but instead tried to separate between fighters and protected political figures. On the other hand, others defended his stance by arguing that the only way to preserve the Army's unity and prevent another civil war was to ensure that it remained uninvolved in the fighting against the Lebanese citizens.
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780:
769:
758:
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1224:
1140:
658:
870:
621:, the 11th president of Lebanon, came to an end. At the time, the Lebanese political spectrum was deeply polarized, with virtually all parties being divided either in the government loyalists (known as 8 March camp), or the opposition (known as 14 March camp). The two camps could not come to an agreement as to who should become the country's 12th president, and so, as a result of a provision in the country's constitution, the powers of the presidency transferred to the government in the expectation that an agreement would be reached shortly afterwards.
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1113:
1287:
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531:. 170 Lebanese soldiers, 226 members of Fatah al-Islam, and 64 civilians (mostly Palestinian refugees) were killed in the fighting. Due to a number of reasons, including balancing the interests of Lebanese citizens, concerns for the safety of Palestinian refugees, and respecting the delicate political balance that existed in Lebanon at the time, Suleiman was forced to proceed in the conflict with extreme caution and managed to do so successfully, backed by popular and political support for the LAF.
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926:
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1323:
608:, with a compromise solution for all parties. This plan included the planning and the preparation for the deployment of Lebanese Army in the south and on the land and sea crossover, this operation carried out accurately and faithfully and at the conclusion of the operation on the second of October, the Lebanese flag was hoisted on the hill of Labbouni adjacent to the southern border indicating the return of the Lebanese sovereignty to the south.
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503:. The Lebanese Army Intelligence of Mount Lebanon was after the detention of hundreds of anti-Syrian demonstrators with some cases of reported torture. On 25 August 1991 he was reassigned to the post of the Army Staff Secretary-General until 10 June 1993. He was commander of the 11th Infantry Brigade from 6 June 1993 to 15 January 1996, a period that witnessed violent confrontations with the
1196:
1089:
720:, she met Suleiman at the Presidential Palace in Baabda. His presidency term came to its conclusion on 25 May 2014 amid no internal or foreign consensus on who would be elected as the next president of the Lebanese Republic. Lebanon remained without a president until Michel Aoun was elected on 31 October 2016.
70:
648:
When the vote was finally held in
Parliament on 25 May 2008, Suleiman was elected with a majority of 118 votes out of 127. He was indirectly elected by the Lebanese Parliament, which hadn't had a session, as a result of the ongoing political crisis in the country, for 18 months. Parliament's session
697:
The priorities of
Suleiman's presidential term were set out clearly, notably national reconciliation; affirming Lebanon's active role as a message of dialogue and conviviality; protecting the country's independence, unity and territorial integrity; providing security and favorable conditions for
693:
Shortly after assuming the presidency, Suleiman departed from tradition when he asked that posters bearing his likeness be removed from public display despite the fact that he thanked "citizens, institutions, municipalities and cultural organizations for the outpouring of support and affection".
511:
and South
Lebanon regions. On 15 January 1996 he was appointed as commander of the 6th Infantry Brigade and remained in this position until 21 December 1998, when he was appointed as the commander of the Armed Forces. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Lebanese army, although there were
708:
Parallel to local issues, Suleiman exchanged visits with heads of friendly countries, and took part in the work of regional and international organizations, especially the United
Nations, in order to consecrate Lebanon's rights and defend its supreme interests.
2007:
698:
economic and social growth; reinforcing constitutional institutions; fighting terrorism; implementing international resolutions related to
Lebanon; opposing any form of settlement for Palestinian refugees on the Lebanese territories.
644:
from 17 to 20 May 2008. The negotiations were attended by senior representatives from all of
Lebanon's major political parties, and the agreement confirmed that Suleiman would be the preferred candidate in the presidential election.
594:
Completing the Army redeployment operation all over the
Lebanese territories following the withdrawal of the Syrian Armed Forces on 26 April 2005 in addition to the disturbances and security violations during the year
578:
Discovering and fighting terrorist organizations in the high and barren mountains of North
Lebanon in 2000, eliminating most of their members, dismantling their cells in all Lebanese regions and arresting their
689:
as prime minister. Siniora was the parliamentary majority's candidate for the position, and
Suleiman appointed him in accordance with the country's Constitution and with a majority of 68 MPs who named him.
1921:
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2404:
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in 1967 and went on to graduate from the military academy as 2nd lieutenant in 1970. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in politics and administrative sciences from the Lebanese University.
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and has three children.; Rita, a dentist born in 1975, Lara, an architect born in 1978 and Charbel, a doctor born in 1983. His mother tongue is Arabic and he is also fluent in both
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sympathizer) of his duties amounted to a "declaration of war". Fighting immediately broke out throughout the country, with members of Hezbollah and its allies in the
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527:
in northern Lebanon. The conflict lasted until 2 September 2007 and ended with the Lebanese Army taking complete control of the camp and the complete defeat of
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1918:
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2020:
2710:
1787:
1611:
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dozens of officers higher in rank and seniority. His appointment was reported to be a result of his family relations with a Syrian high-level official.
832:
Citations of the Armed Forces Commander, 4 times – Felicitations of the Armed Forces Commander, 18 times – Felicitations of the Brigade Commander, once
542:
announced that the government's decisions to declare the group's private telecommunications network as illegal and to relieve the head of security at
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1999:
1959:
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1883:
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2479:
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1409:
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Suleiman launched the table of national dialogue at the Presidential Palace in Baabda on 16 September 2008, in pursuance of the
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1979:
673:
1900:
1331: : Doctorate Honoris Causa from the National University of the Third of February in Buenos Aires (UNTREF) – 2012
1188:
985:
435:
took office as president in November 1998, Suleiman succeeded him, taking his place in December. Suleiman was later
1640:
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2024:
1262:
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555:
2700:
2179:
1172:
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School. From 25 December 1990 until 21 August 1991 he was appointed as the Chief of the Intelligence Branch of
283:
17:
2207:
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1855:
543:
452:
297:
1588:
2685:
1317: : Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Moscow State Institute for International Relations (MGIMO)- 2010
862:
740:
563:
348:
50:
47:
1977:
President Michel Suleiman hosts Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdel Aziz
1200:
1144:
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on 20 May 2007, in reaction to an armed robbery of a bank and two attacks on LAF posts nearby the camp.
583:
524:
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857:
1822:
735:
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1996:
1963:
1796:
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1700:
1670:
1472:
1008:
784:
773:
762:
751:
496:
478:
International Defense Management course, United States of America from 22 June 1995 to 25 July 1995
408:
44:
1167:
2232:
1499:
1116:
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2075:
1036:
246:
779:
768:
757:
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General Command and Staff Course, Command and Staff College, starting 6 June 1988 for 52 weeks
2634:
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702:
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2149:
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717:
534:
On 7 May 2008, an ongoing political crisis between government loyalists and the opposition
417:
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8:
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287:
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372:
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1112:
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Discovering an Israeli spying network in operation "Surprise at Dawn" on 6 June 2006.
1376:
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1520:
1357:
1286:
930:
897:
605:
384:
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Several names were advanced as potential candidates for the presidency, including
462:
During his military career, he participated in several military training courses:
2604:
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2003:
1983:
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Restructuring the Lebanese Army after the amendment of the military service law.
495:, and then assumed the position of a trainer in the Military Academy and in the
432:
189:
132:
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705:'s articles, and in view of consolidating National Reconciliation and Entente.
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1092:
Medal from the Defense Ministry of the Republic of Russian Federation - 2007
953:
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Fighting terrorism and extremism, notably through the following operations:
420:
from 2008 to 2014. Before becoming president, he served as commander of the
2628:
2159:
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508:
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Separating anti-Syrian protests and pro-Syrian counter protests in 2005.
69:
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633:
278:
36:
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Decoration of Arab Union for Military Sports, 2nd degree (commander)
1558:
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Staff course, 9 February 1981 to 17 July 1981, Staff school, France
2543:
2275:
1844:"McAleese to meet Irish troops in Lebanon on final official trip"
1255:
1132:
448:
320:
236:
1960:"Decorations and Medals - Presidency of the Republic of Lebanon"
1856:"President revisits Lebanon on her final foreign trip in office"
469:
Advanced training course, 7 January 1971 to 4 July 1971, Belgium
2070:
1314:
1081:
1029:
1001:
946:
918:
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850:
232:
2741:
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 4th class
1216:
1160:
1057:
641:
1792:"Suleiman calls for removal of posters bearing his likeness"
487:
During his military service, he progressed from an infantry
2051:
Official Website of the Presidency of the Lebanese Republic
637:
1195:
2716:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
1550:
723:
1758:"Lebanon president names Siniora as PM of unity cabinet"
1821:. Lebanese Presidency Official Website. Archived from
1266:
Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (4th Classes) – 2002
2731:
Recipients of the Order of Merit 3rd Grade (Lebanon)
2726:
Recipients of the Order of Merit 2nd Grade (Lebanon)
2721:
Recipients of the Order of Merit 1st Grade (Lebanon)
829:
Commemorative Medal of Conferences for the year 2002
582:
Attacking the organization of Fatah al-Islam in the
439:
President and was sworn into office on 25 May 2008.
1723:
1663:"Lebanese parliament elects Suleiman as president"
1612:"Report: Israeli spy network in Lebanon uncovered"
1581:"Neutrality fuels rise of Lebanon's new president"
1465:"Lebanon elects president after months of feuding"
2021:"His Excellency President General Michel Sleiman"
515:On 19 May 2007, the Lebanese Army entered into a
2706:Grand Cordons of the National Order of the Cedar
2657:
2201:
1412:. Lebanese Army Official Website. Archived from
685:On 28 May 2008, President Suleiman reappointed
2736:Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania
1434:
1068:Collar of the Order of the Independence - 2010
677:Suleiman meeting with U.S. Secretary of State
466:Officer course, Military school, Lebanon, 1970
2523:
2187:
1884:"Last official trip abroad for Mary McAleese"
1872:"Mary McAleese concludes final overseas tour"
558:quickly bearing down on their enemies in the
2711:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles
1609:
661:Michel Sleiman meeting Argentine President
442:
2530:
2516:
2194:
2180:
1901:"Michel Aoun elected president of Lebanon"
1811:
802:Decoration of Military Valor, silver grade
796:Decoration of Military Pride, silver grade
455:family on 21 November 1948. He joined the
179:21 December 1998 – 30 August 2008
68:
1693:"Lebanon's new president calls for unity"
1494:
1492:
1490:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
612:
407:
1514:
1512:
1117:Collar of the Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud
672:
656:
569:
523:, a terrorist organization based in the
2666:Commanders of the Lebanese Armed Forces
2539:Commanders of the Lebanese Armed Forces
1721:
1518:
1500:"Lebanese Armed Forces, CSIS (Page 78)"
14:
2658:
1786:
1487:
1391:
931:National Order of the Legion of Honour
811:Certificate of Honor of the Arab Union
724:Decorations, medals, awards and honors
2511:
2175:
1509:
1939:"Royal Decree 1601/2009, 20 October"
1440:"Suleiman becomes Lebanon president"
1377:"Michel Sleiman - Prestige Magazine"
1578:
1549:
808:Decoration of the Dawn of the South
790:
728:
404:
24:
1928:n°3077 of 13 January 2011 (French)
1555:"Lebanon PM welcomes end of siege"
1457:
1300:
836:
482:
98:25 May 2008 – 25 May 2014
25:
2752:
2087:collected news and commentary at
2078:collected news and commentary at
2060:
1525:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
986:National Order of the Ivory Coast
617:On 23 November 2007, the term of
2644:
2542:
1738:from the original on 14 May 2022
1519:Gambill, Gary C. (1 July 2000).
1343:
1321:
1307:
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1272:
1261:
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1181:
1166:
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1098:
1087:
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1022:
1007:
994:
979:
966:
952:
939:
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911:
896:
883:
868:
856:
843:
805:Decoration of the National Unity
778:
767:
756:
745:
734:
313:
2039:
2013:
1989:
1970:
1952:
1931:
1911:
1893:
1877:
1865:
1849:
1837:
1780:
1750:
1715:
1685:
1655:
1625:
820:Internal Security forces' Medal
739:Knight and Grand Cordon of the
556:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
536:quickly spiraled out of control
267:
1846:, The Journal 15 October 2011.
1725:"Lebanon elects head of state"
1603:
1572:
1543:
1428:
1369:
1348:Michel Suleiman is married to
1173:Order of Isabella the Catholic
412:; born 21 November 1948) is a
284:Lebanese Army Military Academy
13:
1:
2114:Commander of the Armed Forces
1995:Lebanese Presidency website,
1986:Marada-news.org, 31 July 2010
1471:. 25 May 2008. Archived from
1363:
1337:his international decorations
652:
167:Commander of the Armed Forces
1874:, RTÉ News, 16 October 2011.
1722:Ghattas, Sam (26 May 2008).
1610:Jack Khoury (12 June 2006).
1242:, grade of excellence – 2010
544:Beirut International Airport
409:[miːˈʃæːlsʊleːˈmæːn]
7:
2691:Lebanese military personnel
1819:"Michel Suleiman Biography"
863:Order of the Southern Cross
750:Extraordinary Class of the
741:National Order of the Cedar
716:'s final overseas visit as
604:Offering a plan to end the
564:Progressive Socialist Party
10:
2757:
2696:Lebanese University alumni
1201:Order pro Merito Melitensi
1145:National Order of the Lion
1014:Order of Mubarak the Great
584:Nahr al-Bared refugee camp
525:Nahr al-Bared refugee camp
2642:
2552:
2495:
2392:
2274:
2216:
2156:
2147:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2111:
2103:
2098:
416:politician who served as
394:
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308:
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91:
83:
79:
67:
59:
57:
34:
27:12th President of Lebanon
2249:Pierre-Georges Arlabosse
1797:The Daily Star (Lebanon)
1776:– via Google News.
1711:– via Google News.
1227:Member 1st Class of the
497:non-commissioned officer
443:Early life and education
58:
2233:Privat-Antoine Aubouard
785:Lebanese Order of Merit
774:Lebanese Order of Merit
763:Lebanese Order of Merit
752:Lebanese Order of Merit
389:Operation Nahr el-Bared
1042:Order of Saint Charles
823:General Security Medal
682:
681:in Paris, 5 March 2014
670:
613:Path to the presidency
2701:Presidents of Lebanon
2203:Presidents of Lebanon
2002:13 April 2012 at the
1982:29 April 2014 at the
1521:"Lebanon after Assad"
1240:Syrian Order of Merit
1229:Order of the Umayyads
959:Order of the Redeemer
903:Order of Makarios III
676:
660:
570:Military achievements
457:Lebanese Armed Forces
447:Suleiman was born in
429:Lebanese Armed Forces
422:Lebanese Armed Forces
363:Lebanese Armed Forces
358:11th Infantry Brigade
337:Years of service
331:Lebanese Armed Forces
2150:President of Lebanon
1924:31 July 2013 at the
1919:Sovereign Ordonnance
1762:Agence France-Presse
1697:Agence France-Presse
1633:"The Doha Agreement"
1553:(2 September 2007).
1280:United Arab Emirates
901:Grand Collar of the
826:State security Medal
718:President of Ireland
418:President of Lebanon
360:6th Infantry Brigade
86:President of Lebanon
2681:People from Amsheet
2239:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
1825:on 18 December 2007
1788:Elghossain, Anthony
1505:. 10 February 2009.
1143:Grand Cross of the
1040:Grand Cross of the
984:Grand Cross of the
957:Grand Cross of the
929:Grand Cross of the
875:Order of Rio Branco
873:Grand Cross of the
493:Battalion Commander
424:from 1998 to 2008.
288:Lebanese University
2686:Lebanese Maronites
2131:Political offices
2090:The Jerusalem Post
2080:Al Jazeera English
1890:, 11 October 2011.
1862:, 15 October 2011.
1579:Darkoub, Hussein.
1444:Al Jazeera English
1436:Al Jazeera English
1379:. 25 February 2015
1294:- 10 February 2009
683:
671:
517:prolonged conflict
453:Maronite Christian
373:Lebanese Civil War
2653:
2652:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2322:Suleiman Frangieh
2296:Bechara El Khoury
2286:Bechara El Khoury
2276:Lebanese Republic
2170:
2169:
2157:Succeeded by
2121:Succeeded by
2099:Military offices
2010:of the decoration
1966:on 13 April 2012.
1703:on 5 October 2012
1410:"Michel Suleiman"
1175:- 21 October 2009
1044:- 13 January 2011
783:3rd Class of the
772:2nd Class of the
761:1st Class of the
663:Cristina Kirchner
398:
397:
377:Operation Dinnieh
16:(Redirected from
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2136:Preceded by
2104:Preceded by
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2054:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2023:. Archived from
2017:
2011:
2006:page, showing a
1993:
1987:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1962:. Archived from
1956:
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1947:
1945:
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1699:. Archived from
1689:
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1678:
1669:. Archived from
1659:
1653:
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1648:
1639:. Archived from
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
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1601:
1600:
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1587:. Archived from
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887:
886:
872:
860:
849:
847:
846:
791:Military honours
782:
771:
760:
749:
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729:National honours
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2563:Toufic Salem
2484:
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2374:Émile Lahoud
2343:
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2327:Élias Sarkis
2279:(since 1943)
2160:Tammam Salam
2148:
2124:Jean Kahwaji
2112:
2107:Émile Lahoud
2088:
2050:
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2029:. Retrieved
2025:the original
2015:
1991:
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1964:the original
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1942:. Retrieved
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1823:the original
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1414:the original
1381:. Retrieved
1371:
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1106:Saudi Arabia
799:Medal of War
711:
707:
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696:
692:
684:
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623:
619:Émile Lahoud
616:
546:(an alleged
533:
514:
509:Beqaa Valley
507:in the West
486:
461:
446:
433:Émile Lahoud
426:
405:ميشال سليمان
400:
399:
369:Battles/wars
202:Jean Kahwaji
197:Succeeded by
190:Émile Lahoud
174:
152:Tammam Salam
147:Succeeded by
133:Émile Lahoud
121:Tammam Salam
117:Najib Mikati
93:
60:ميشال سليمان
29:
2671:1948 births
2635:Joseph Aoun
2625:(1998–2008)
2611:Michel Aoun
2569:Adel Shehab
2557:Fuad Chehab
2384:Michel Aoun
2369:Elias Hrawi
2358:René Moawad
2345:Michel Aoun
2312:Fuad Chehab
2301:Fuad Chehab
2260:Ayoub Tabet
2221:(1918–1943)
2067:Appearances
1997:Decorations
1829:21 November
1637:Now Lebanon
1585:Yahoo! News
974:Ivory Coast
667:Casa Rosada
626:Michel Aoun
247:Independent
185:Preceded by
159:Michel Aoun
128:Preceded by
113:Saad Hariri
2660:Categories
2593:Hanna Saïd
2581:Jean Njeim
2455:1982 (Sep)
2450:1982 (Aug)
2363:Selim Hoss
2352:Selim Hoss
2291:Émile Eddé
2266:Petro Trad
2244:Émile Eddé
2154:2008–2014
2118:1998–2008
2031:25 January
1905:Al Jazeera
1734:. London.
1364:References
679:John Kerry
653:Presidency
634:Jean Obeid
309:Allegiance
279:Alma mater
223:1948-11-21
2631:(2008–17)
2619:(1989–98)
2613:(1984–89)
2607:(1982–84)
2601:(1977–82)
2595:(1975–77)
2589:(1971–75)
2583:(1970–71)
2577:(1965–70)
2571:(1959–65)
2565:(1958–59)
2559:(1945–58)
2486:2022–2024
2480:2014–2016
2393:Elections
1667:Chinaview
1329:Argentina
548:Hezbollah
540:Hezbollah
403:(Arabic:
340:1967–2008
298:Maronites
175:In office
94:In office
2000:Archived
1980:Archived
1944:6 August
1922:Archived
1736:Archived
1559:BBC News
1420:17 April
1383:9 August
1282: :
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579:members.
562:and the
554:and the
414:Lebanese
355:Commands
294:Religion
155:(Acting)
140:(Acting)
2637:(2017–)
1535:30 June
1358:English
1256:Ukraine
1133:Senegal
665:in the
449:Amsheet
437:elected
349:General
321:Lebanon
272:
264:
237:Lebanon
62:
2499:Acting
2164:Acting
2143:Acting
2071:C-SPAN
1803:26 May
1772:26 May
1742:26 May
1707:26 May
1677:25 May
1647:21 May
1617:3 June
1595:25 May
1564:28 May
1479:25 May
1449:26 May
1354:French
1326:
1315:Russia
1312:
1277:
1253:
1231:- 2010
1214:
1203:- 2009
1186:
1158:
1147:- 2013
1130:
1119:- 2008
1103:
1082:Russia
1079:
1055:
1030:Monaco
1027:
1016:- 2009
1002:Kuwait
999:
988:- 2013
971:
947:Greece
944:
933:- 2009
919:France
916:
905:- 2010
891:Cyprus
888:
877:- 2010
865:- 2010
851:Brazil
848:
427:After
318:
253:Spouse
233:Amchit
2008:photo
1503:(PDF)
1217:Syria
1161:Spain
1058:Qatar
642:Qatar
595:2007.
538:when
519:with
491:to a
451:in a
266:(
262:
165:12th
84:12th
2475:2008
2470:1998
2445:1976
2440:1970
2435:1964
2430:1958
2425:1952
2420:1948
2415:1943
2410:1936
2405:1929
2400:1926
2208:List
2033:2013
1946:2020
1831:2008
1805:2008
1774:2008
1744:2008
1709:2008
1679:2008
1649:2008
1619:2008
1597:2008
1566:2008
1537:2012
1481:2008
1451:2008
1422:2008
1385:2016
1356:and
1335:see
1189:SMOM
638:Doha
345:Rank
217:Born
2069:on
1551:BBC
1531:(6)
1469:AFP
712:On
51:OSC
48:ONC
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268:m.
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