Microlith - Knowledge

75: 467: 559: 181:, and other artifacts and are found throughout Africa, Asia and Europe. They were utilised with wood, bone, resin and fiber to form a composite tool or weapon, and traces of wood to which microliths were attached have been found in Sweden, Denmark and England. An average of between six and eighteen microliths may often have been used in one spear or harpoon, but only one or two in an arrow. The shift from earlier larger tools had an advantage. Often the haft of a tool was harder to produce than the point or edge: replacing dull or broken microliths with new easily portable ones was easier than making new hafts or handles. 52: 532: 296: 479: 583:. Its construction, based on truncations on a blade, has a nearly trapezoidal form. The Adelaide point emphasizes the range of variation in both time and culture of the laminar microliths; it also shows their technological differences, but sometimes morphological similarities, with geometric microliths. Laminar microliths can also sometimes be described as trapezoidal, triangular or lunate. However, they are distinct from the geometric microliths because of the strokes used in the manufacture of geometric microliths, which mainly involved the 708: 260: 916: 455: 644: 696: 1059:

years ago, the Neolithic in the Middle Holocene. Human remains of the several sediment deposits were analyzed at Cornell University and studied by Kenneth A. R. Kennedy and graduate student Joanne L. Zahorsky. Sri Lanka has yielded the earliest known microliths, which did not appear in Europe until the Early Holocene. 2019 study found Fa-Hien Lena cave microlith assemblage represents the earliest microlith assemblage in South Asia dating back to c. 48,000–45,000 years ago.

284: 272: 491: 1068: 190: 547: 503: 517: 620: 608: 2486: 797:. In the remains of some of the hearths at this location, bladelets are found in groups of three, perhaps indicating that they were mounted in threes on their handles. A javelin tip made of horn has been found at this site with grooves made for flint bladelets that could have been secured using a resinous substance. Signs of much wear and tear have been found on some of these finds. 632: 1095:

A similar thing is found in England, where the preponderance of elongated microliths, as opposed to other frequently occurring forms, has permitted the Mesolithic to be separated into two phases: the Earlier Mesolithic of about 8300–6700 BCE, or the ancient and laminar Mesolithic, and the Later

902:

Functional studies of backed artefacts from south-eastern Australia show that they were multipurpose and multifunctional tools with a similar range of uses as unretouched flakes found at the same sites. There is one unambiguous example of them being used as part of composite weapon, either a spear or

316:

period. Solutrean backed edge blades display pronounced and abrupt retouching, so that they are long and narrow and, although rare, characterize certain phases of the Solutrean period. Ouchtata bladelets are similar to the others, except that the retouched back is not uniform but irregular; this type

340:

These are very sharp bladelets formed by abrupt retouching. There are a huge number of regional varieties of these microliths, nearly all of which are very hard to distinguish (especially those from the western area) without knowing the archaeological context in which they appear. The following is a

1058:

in Sri Lanka. A further excavation in 1988 yielded microlith stone tools, remnants of prehistoric fireplaces and organic material, such as floral and human remains. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the cave had been occupied from about 33,000 years ago, the Late Pleistocene and Mesolithic to 4,750

1045:

Early research regard the microlithic industry in India as a Holocene phenomenon, however a new research provides solid data to put the South Asia microliths industry up to 45 ka across whole South Asia subcontinent. This new research also synthesizes the data from genetic, paleoenvironmental and

887:

Geographically they are found across almost all of continental Australia, except for the far north, but are particularly common in south-east Australia. Historically, backed artefacts were divided into asymmetrical Bondi points and symmetrical geometric microliths, however there appears to be no

252:

There are three basic types of laminar microlith. The truncated blade type can be divided into a number of sub-types depending on the position of the truncation (for example, oblique, square or double) and according to its form, for example, concave or convex. "Raclette scrapers" are notable for

311:

Backed edge blades have one of the edges, generally a side one, rounded or chamfered by abrupt retouching. There are fewer types of these blades, and may be divided into those where the entire edge is rounded and those where only a part is rounded, or even straight. They are fundamental in the

725:

technique (which implies that it is not possible to conserve the remains of the heel or the conchoidal flakes from the blank). The pieces were then finished by a percussive retouching of the edges (generally leaving one side with the natural edge of the blank), giving the piece its definitive

941:

One of the skeletons that has been found has a geometric microlith lodged in one of its vertebra. All indications suggest that the person died because of this projectile; whether by intention or by accident is unknown. It is widely agreed that geometric microliths were mainly used in

1079:

During the Epipaleolithic and the Mesolithic, the presence of laminar or geometric microliths serves to date the deposits of different cultural traditions. For instance, in the Atlas Mountains of northwest Africa, the end of the Upper Paleolithic period coincides with the end of the

243:

from a small nucleus or from a depleted nucleus of flint. They were produced either by percussion or by the application of a variable pressure (although pressure is the best option, this method of producing microliths is complicated and was not the most commonly used technique).

830:

In all these locations, the microliths found have been backed edge blades, tips and crude flakes. Despite the great number of geometric microliths that have been found in Western Europe, few examples show any clear evidence of their use, and all the examples are from the

785:

Not all the different types of laminar microliths had functions that are clearly understood. It is likely that they contributed to the points of spears or light projectiles, and their small size suggests that they were fixed in some way to a shaft or handle.

2432:

Professor Fortea has been able to distinguish two traditions in the Epipaleolithic period based in the Spanish Mediterranean , the "Microlaminar Complex" (with three separate phases: that of Sant Grégori de Falset, that based on the Cova de Les Mallaetes in

312:

blade-forming processes, and from them, innumerable other types were developed. Dufour bladelets are up to three centimeters in length, finely shaped with a curved profile whose retouches are semi-abrupt and which characterize a particular phase of the

742:. In the case of trapezoid geometric microliths, on the other hand, the notches are not retouched, leaving a portion of the natural edge between them. Trapezoids can be further subdivided into symmetrical, asymmetrical and those with concave edges. 253:

their particular form, being blades or flakes whose edges have been sharply retouched until they are semicircular or even shapeless. Raclettes are indefinite cultural indicators, as they appear from the Upper Paleolithic through to the Neolithic.

1397:, believed that these microburins had a useful function. Currently it has been demonstrated that these microburins did not have a function, at least not intentionally, although it cannot be ruled out that they were not reused at some point. 812:, England, show features that can be confused with chisel marks, but which might also have been produced when the tip hit a hard object and splintered. Microliths from other locations have presented the same problems of interpretation. 595:

Geometric microliths are a clearly defined type of stone tool, at least in their basic forms. They can be divided into trapezoid, triangular and lunate (half-moon) forms, although there are many subdivisions of each of these types. A

1009:

have uncovered a row of eight triangular microliths that are equidistantly aligned along a dark stain indicating organic remains (possibly the wood from an arrow shaft). Another clear indication is from the Readycon Dene site in

238:

period and persisted in numerous Epipaleolithic traditions all around the Mediterranean basin. These microliths are slightly larger than the geometric microliths that followed and were made from the flakes of flint obtained

145:

Two families of microliths are usually defined: laminar and geometric. An assemblage of microliths can be used to date an archeological site. Laminar microliths are slightly larger, and are associated with the end of the

600:

is included among the illustrations below because, although it is not a geometrical microlith (or even a tool), it is now seen as a characteristic waste product from the manufacture of these geometric microliths:

823:. Twenty backed edge bladelets were found with the remains of a resinous substance and the imprint of a circular handle (a horn). It appears that the bladelets might have been fixed in groups like the teeth of a 720:

All the currently known geometric microliths share the same fundamental characteristics – only their shapes vary. They were all made from blades or from microblades (nearly always of flint), using the

1075:

Laminar microliths are common artifacts from the Upper Paleolithic and the Epipaleolithic, to such a degree that numerous studies have used them as markers to date different phases of prehistoric cultures.

401:

or western Epipaleolithic piece, but with a more specific morphology, as it is formed on a blade (not on a bladelet), is obliquely truncated and has a small tongue that possibly served as a haft on a spear

2471:

The same author has suggested that the geometric microliths may replace one or two rows of teeth in the bone harpoons commonly found in the Upper Paleolithic at the end of the Upper Magdalanian (page 84).

2313:

Wedage, Oshan; Picin, Andrea; Blinkhorn, James; Douka, Katerina; Deraniyagala, Siran; Kourampas, Nikos; Perera, Nimal; Simpson, Ian; Boivin, Nicole; Petraglia, Michael; Roberts, Patrick (2 October 2019).

730:(using the terminology of Fortea). They generally have one long axis and concave or convex edges, and it is possible for them to have a gibbosity (hump) or indentations. Triangular microliths may be 2052: 804:

on artefacts, but it has sometimes proved difficult to distinguish those fractures made during the process of fashioning the flint implement from those made during its use. Microliths found at

1567:, but considered this to be a coincidence and attributed the marks to the fact that the microliths were mounted on the tip of a projectile. A similar line of enquiry has also been followed by 934:. Numerous flint microliths were discovered here. They are believed to date to between 6740 and 5680 years BP - quite a long occupation. The end of the settlement came at the beginning of the 422:

is almost the same as one found in Châtelperrón, which is likely to be contemporary, although they are slightly shorter and also appear to be fashioned from a blade and not a bladelet.

1046:

archaeological research, and proposes that the emergence of microlith in India subcontinent could reflect the increase of population and adaptation of environmental deterioration.

1974: 1005:

that retains residues of resin, probably used to fix it to the tip of a projectile. Recent excavations have found other examples. Archeologists at the Risby Warren V site in

1844:"Investigating hafting and composite tool repair as factors creating variability in backed artefacts: Evidence from Ngungara (Weereewa/Lake George), south-eastern Australia" 352:

is not a true microlith, although it is close to the required dimensions. Its antiquity and its short, curved blade edge make it the antecedent of many laminar microliths.

170:. Microlith production generally declined following the introduction of agriculture (8000 BCE) but continued later in cultures with a deeply rooted hunting tradition. 1130:

Groman-Yaroslavski, Iris; Chen, Hong; Liu, Cheng; Shimelmitz, Ron; Yeshurun, Reuven; Liu, Jiying; Yang, Xia; Nadel, Dani (2020-06-03). Petraglia, Michael D. (ed.).

1084:

tradition of producing laminar microliths, and deposits can be dated by the presence or absence of these artifacts. In the Near East, the laminar microliths of the

341:

small selection. Omitted are the foliaceous tips (also called leafed tips), which are characterized by a covering retouch and which constitute a group apart.

839:

periods. Despite this, there is unanimity amongst researchers that these items were used to increase the penetrating potential of light projectiles such as

2051:

McDonald, Josephine J.; Donlon, Denise; Field, Judith H.; Fullagar, Richard L. K.; Coltrain, Joan Brenner; Mitchell, Peter; Rawson, Mark (December 2007).

3879: 2441:) and the "Geometric Complex" (with two phases: the Filador and the Cocina, which receive their names from caves located on the eastern coast of Spain). 2014:"Residue and use-wear analysis of non-backed retouched artefacts from Deep Creek Shelter, Sydney Basin: Implications for the role of backed artefacts" 1132:"Versatile use of microliths as a technological advantage in the miniaturization of Late Pleistocene toolkits: The case study of Neve David, Israel" 1018:, 25 microliths give the appearance of being related to one another, due to the extreme regularity and symmetry of their arrangement in the ground. 2518: 1550: 1422: 903:

a club, as 17 backed artefacts were found embedded into the skeleton of an adult male dated to approximately 4000 years BP in the Sydney suburb of

4276: 4017: 3613: 1021:

The study of English and European artifacts in general has revealed that projectiles were made with a widely variable number of microliths: in

558: 4232: 3741: 868:

The most common form of microliths found in Australia are backed artefacts. The earliest backed artefacts have been dated to the terminal

1092:

tradition a little more than 11,000 years ago. This pattern is repeated throughout the Mediterranean basin and across Europe in general.

4064: 3515: 888:

geographic or temporal pattern in the distribution of these shapes. Backed artefact manufacturing workshops have been identified at

2215:"Population increase and environmental deterioration correspond with microlithic innovations in South Asia ca. 35,000 years ago" 773:, although a decline in this use coincided with the appearance of bifacial or "leafed" arrowheads that became widespread in the 726:

polygonal form. For example, in order to make a triangle, two adjacent notches were retouched, leaving free the third edge or

466: 2214: 1096:

Mesolithic, or the recent and geometric Mesolithic. Deposits can be thus dated based upon the assemblage of artifacts found.

985:

According to radiocarbon measurements, the Loshult arrows are dated to around 8000 BC, which represents a middle part of the

369:

and is a narrow bladelet with an abrupt retouch, which gives it a characteristically sharp edge when compared to other types.

2090: 777:

period, or Copper Age (that is, stone arrowheads were increasingly made by a different technique during this later period).

74: 2511: 2391: 997:

There are many examples of possible tools from Mesolithic deposits in England. Possibly the best known is a microlith from

881: 1805:"Testing predictions for symmetry, variability and chronology of backed artefact production in Australia's Western Desert" 2133: 3642: 2548: 2464: 2162: 2116: 1471: 1445: 1267: 1232: 1206: 3849: 3736: 1725:

White, Peter; Bowdler, Sandra; Kuhn, Steven; McNiven, Ian; Shott, Michael; Veth, Peter; White, Peter (2011-06-01).

713:

Trapezoid microliths and arrow with a trapeze used to strengthen the tip, found in a peat bog at Tværmose (Denmark)

142:. The microliths themselves are sufficiently worked so as to be distinguishable from workshop waste or accidents. 4261: 3652: 2690: 2504: 2451:

Myers, Andrew (1989). "Reliable and mantainable technological strategies in the Mesolithic of mainland Britain".

2149:

Myers, Andrew (1989). "Reliable and mantainable technological strategies in the Mesolithic of mainland Britain".

1515:

Barton, R. N. E. y Bergman, C. A. (1982). "Hunters at Hengistbury: some evidence from experimental archaeology".

1488:

Caspar, Jean-Paul; De Bie, Marc (1996). "Preparing for the Hunt in the Late Paleolithic Camp at Reken, Belgium".

892:

show significant variation in shape, which has been linked to the need to replace components of composite tools.

1649:"The changing abundance of backed artefacts in south-eastern Australia: a response to Holocene climate change?" 701:

The most widely accepted hypothesis is that geometric microliths were used on projectiles such as this harpoon.

880:, before declining in use and disappearing from the archaeological record approximately 1000 years before the 3874: 3404: 2664: 889: 662:

initially as elongated triangles and later as trapezoids (although the microburin technique is seen from the

328:

and the Montbani bladelet, with a partial and irregular lateral retouching, is characteristic of the Italian

31: 2732: 815:

An exceptional piece of evidence for the use of microliths has been found in the excavations of the cave at

789:

Backed edge bladelets are particularly abundant at a site in France that preserves habitation from the late

3869: 3409: 2882: 531: 2558: 2835: 2490: 1894: 1617: 1586: 4137: 3938: 765:

and other light projectiles of varying size received the most wear. Microliths were also used from the

295: 35: 17: 1648: 1407:

Bordes, F. y Fitte, P. (1964). "Microlithes du Magdalénien supérieur de la Gare de Gouze (Dordogne)".

454: 3943: 3758: 478: 2199: 1392: 982:, have included wooden arrows with microliths attached to the tip by resinous substances and cords. 643: 259: 4132: 3224: 2769: 2316:"Microliths in the South Asian rainforest ~45-4 ka: New insights from Fa-Hien Lena Cave, Sri Lanka" 1259: 3296: 3291: 429:

is from the end of the Upper Paleolithic from the same area, made from a very long, thin bladelet.

4249: 4159: 3331: 3098: 2917: 2850: 2582: 1571:, who has studied a wide range of bladelets from the French site at Buisson Campin, in Verberie, 978:. These finds, which have been preserved practically intact due to the special conditions of the 283: 219: 1436:

Laming-Emperaire, Annette (1980). "Los cazadores depredadores del posglacial y del Mesolítico".

962:

Well-preserved examples of arrows with microliths in Scandinavia have been found at Loshult, at

490: 4337: 4211: 3817: 3708: 3696: 3392: 3133: 2972: 2609: 2543: 2527: 873: 271: 4076: 4012: 3886: 3579: 3505: 3279: 3274: 3212: 3151: 3088: 3036: 3029: 2575: 2275:

Malik, S. C. (1966). "The Late Stone Age Industries from Excavated Sites in Gujarat, India".

1936:"Minimum Analytical Nodules and lithic activities at site W2, Hunter Valley, New South Wales" 1544: 1379: 131: 3461: 1585:

Slack, Michael J.; Fullagar, Richard L.K.; Field, Judith H.; Border, Andrew (October 2004).

971: 631: 447:. They are little known but easy to identify by two basal notches, doubtless used as a haft. 51: 4342: 4293: 4288: 4271: 4266: 4244: 4034: 3748: 3601: 3493: 3397: 3190: 2875: 2674: 2617: 2327: 2229: 1660: 1335:

Geometric shapes, as we have seen, are present in many laminar microliths: for example the

1143: 1110: 584: 2845: 1766:"Geographical variation in Australian backed artefacts: Trialling a new index of symmetry" 8: 4332: 3997: 3802: 3635: 3168: 3041: 2922: 2897: 103:

and typically a centimetre or so in length and half a centimetre wide. They were made by

2331: 2233: 2013: 1804: 1664: 1147: 654:

Geometric microliths, though rare, are present as trapezoids in Northwest Africa in the

546: 173:

Regardless of type, microliths were used to form the points of hunting weapons, such as

4283: 4186: 4088: 3901: 3083: 2813: 2779: 2368: 2315: 2292: 2252: 2187: 1910: 1633: 1602: 1568: 1416: 1227:. Vol. Journée d'études technologiques en Préhistoire. Technologie préhistorique. 1174: 1131: 2453:

Time, energy and stone tools: New directions in Archaeology (edited by Robin Torrence)

2180:

Microlithen als Pfeilspitzen. Ein Fund aus dem Lilla-Loshult Moor: Ksp. Loshult, Skane

2151:

Time, energy and stone tools: New directions in Archaeology (edited by Robin Torrence)

1842:

Way, Amy Mosig; Koungoulos, Loukas; Wyatt-Spratt, Simon; Hiscock, Peter (2023-04-26).

1014:, where 35 microliths appear to be associated with a single projectile. In Urra Moor, 347: 4325: 4315: 4305: 4254: 3911: 3829: 3123: 3108: 3093: 3073: 2964: 2943: 2754: 2597: 2460: 2373: 2355: 2257: 2158: 2112: 2072: 2033: 1994: 1955: 1875: 1824: 1785: 1746: 1676: 1532: 1467: 1441: 1263: 1228: 1202: 1179: 1161: 986: 963: 754: 735: 619: 419: 207: 147: 135: 1696:"Pattern and Context in the Holocene Proliferation of Backed Artifacts in Australia" 516: 502: 4373: 4320: 4227: 3970: 3753: 3553: 3473: 3429: 3229: 3051: 2902: 2862: 2363: 2345: 2335: 2284: 2247: 2237: 2064: 2025: 1986: 1951: 1947: 1914: 1906: 1865: 1855: 1816: 1781: 1777: 1742: 1738: 1707: 1668: 1629: 1598: 1524: 1497: 1169: 1151: 805: 747: 3812: 3768: 1695: 1528: 1256:

Los complejos microlaminares y geométricos del Epipaleolítico mediterráneo español

915: 4201: 4171: 3933: 3861: 3839: 3797: 3692: 3662: 3527: 3522: 3173: 3056: 2627: 2434: 2340: 1935: 1765: 1726: 1618:"A revised sequence of backed artefact production at Capertee 3, New South Wales" 1156: 1015: 801: 325: 58: 2395: 707: 607: 4310: 4237: 4059: 4024: 3955: 3844: 3716: 3424: 3009: 2999: 2820: 2801: 1711: 1501: 1030: 1029:

there were two (one for the tip and the other as a fin), in White Hassocks, in

1011: 667: 655: 440: 384: 321: 318: 178: 151: 92: 2068: 1990: 1672: 1071:

Crystal spear tips, ca. 8000–7000 BCE, on display at Sion History museum

4367: 4196: 4181: 4127: 4105: 4002: 3990: 3906: 3775: 3657: 3618: 3606: 3594: 3306: 3217: 3146: 2887: 2830: 2808: 2717: 2649: 2644: 2622: 2409: 2359: 2076: 2037: 1998: 1959: 1879: 1828: 1789: 1750: 1680: 1563:

M. Lenoir has found knapping similar to that used in chiseled bladelets from

1536: 1165: 896: 895:

Several studies in the production of backed artefacts have linked identified

746:

microliths have the least diversity of all and may be either semicircular or

392: 62: 2737: 2242: 695: 4115: 4071: 4052: 4007: 3807: 3731: 3488: 3483: 3439: 3066: 2948: 2912: 2892: 2744: 2722: 2634: 2377: 2261: 1183: 1055: 1006: 884:. The cause of this proliferation event is debated amongst archaeologists. 774: 508: 415: 329: 4164: 4154: 4144: 4100: 4095: 4047: 3985: 3948: 3921: 3822: 3792: 3667: 3589: 3510: 3498: 3259: 3244: 3234: 3205: 3163: 3078: 3046: 2994: 2927: 2764: 2639: 2496: 869: 790: 739: 663: 659: 407: 380: 313: 235: 2350: 1870: 230:) indicate that the production of microliths had already started in the 4298: 4191: 4149: 3965: 3928: 3891: 3787: 3374: 3286: 3113: 3014: 2987: 2907: 2705: 2659: 2570: 2538: 2296: 1370:

Peyrony, D. y Noone H. V. V. (1938). "Usage possible des microburins".

832: 722: 679: 675: 597: 357: 231: 211: 203: 155: 139: 2053:"The first archaeological evidence for death by spearing in Australia" 2029: 1919: 1860: 1843: 1820: 439:

has been identified by the Spanish archeologist González Echegaray in

4206: 3975: 3960: 3558: 3543: 3468: 3451: 3369: 3195: 3185: 3180: 3103: 2982: 2870: 2796: 2563: 2553: 2456: 2154: 1067: 1002: 998: 935: 904: 836: 794: 766: 731: 671: 580: 215: 163: 159: 124: 120: 2288: 927: 920: 189: 3980: 3916: 3763: 3721: 3456: 3364: 3239: 3061: 3024: 3004: 1129: 1105: 1089: 1085: 979: 931: 926:

In France, one unusual site stands out: the Mesolithic cemetery of

877: 820: 574: 537: 434: 1587:"New Pleistocene ages for backed artefact technology in Australia" 1307: 1288: 4042: 3834: 3780: 3726: 3548: 3354: 3264: 3118: 3019: 2977: 2840: 2759: 2712: 2700: 1564: 1514: 1081: 1034: 975: 947: 943: 848: 844: 840: 824: 816: 762: 374: 1841: 1700:

Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association

4110: 3647: 3625: 3478: 3414: 3359: 2749: 2727: 2695: 2669: 2485: 1803:

Mcdonald, Jo; Reynen, Wendy; Fullagar, Richard (October 2018).

1225:

Débitage expérimental par pression. Du plus petit au plus grand

967: 951: 809: 743: 564: 522: 444: 167: 134:) or a larger blade-like piece of flint by abrupt or truncated 112: 108: 104: 1647:

Attenbrow, Val; Robertson, Gail; Hiscock, Peter (2009-12-01).

4176: 3896: 3630: 3584: 3446: 3301: 3249: 2825: 2791: 2012:

Robertson, Gail; Attenbrow, Val; Hiscock, Peter (July 2019).

1973:

Robertson, Gail; Attenbrow, Val; Hiscock, Peter (June 2009).

899:

as a key component as well as the use of large flank blanks.

852: 770: 758: 174: 100: 96: 1727:"Forum: Backed Artefacts: Useful Socially and Operationally" 1369: 1362:

Octobon, E. (1920). "La question tardenoisienne. Montbani".

1253: 989:. This is close to the Early Boreal/Late Boreal transition. 387:. They can be identified by a rough and invasive retouching. 4122: 4083: 3563: 3419: 3349: 3269: 3141: 2654: 2106: 2091:

Nouvelles dates AMS à Téviec et Hoëdic (Quiberon, Morbihan)

2050: 1895:"Bondaian Technology in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales" 1572: 1461: 1374:(numéro 3). Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française. 1196: 1088:

culture were superseded by the geometric microliths of the

234:

culture. This style of flint working flourished during the

116: 753:

Archeological findings and the analysis of wear marks, or

3434: 3200: 3158: 2312: 2011: 1972: 1646: 1435: 1584: 682:, competing with "leafed" and then metallic arrowheads. 80:

Microlith productions, Kebaran culture, 22,000–18,000 BP

1724: 197: 138:, which leaves a very typical piece of waste, called a 2109:

Outils préhistoriques. Forme. Fabrication. Utilisation

1802: 1464:

Outils préhistoriques. Forme. Fabrication. Utilisation

1406: 1320: 1199:

Outils préhistoriques. Forme. Fabrication. Utilisation

1054:

In 1968 human burials sites were uncovered inside the

2134:

THE LOSHULT ARROWS: CULTURAL RELATIONS AND CHRONOLOGY

1351:

is spindle shaped; and there are many other examples.

1409:

Miscelánea en homenaje al Abate Henri Breuil. Vol. I

406:

The next group contains a number of points from the

154:

era; geometric microliths are characteristic of the

130:

Microliths are produced from either a small blade (

317:of microlith characterizes certain periods of the 1360:Some of the earlier researchers, such as Octobon 1323:Excavaciones en la terraza de El Khiam (Jordania) 1301: 1282: 1222: 4365: 2410:"PRE- AND PROTOHISTORIC SETTLEMENT IN SRI LANKA" 2268: 1615: 1037:is between 6 and 18 pieces for each projectile. 2222:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1975:"Multiple uses for Australian backed artefacts" 123:. The microliths were used in spear points and 2308: 2306: 2157:: Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–91. 2095:Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 1249: 1247: 1245: 2512: 2450: 2177: 2148: 1033:, more than 40 have been found together; the 872:, however they become increasingly common in 383:microlith points with those from the western 1616:Hiscock, Peter; Attenbrow, Val (July 2004). 1549:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1487: 1421:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1304:La dénomination des objets de pierre taillée 1285:La dénomination des objets de pierre taillée 2303: 1361: 1242: 757:, has shown that, predictably, the tips of 674:. They remained in existence even into the 2526: 2519: 2505: 2459:: Cambridge University Press. p. 78. 2182:. Historika Museum. (Pagies 123–37). 202:Laminar microliths date from at least the 162:. Geometric microliths may be triangular, 2367: 2349: 2339: 2251: 2241: 2212: 1918: 1869: 1859: 1173: 1155: 882:British invasion of the continent in 1788 2144: 2142: 1310:: Editions du CNRS. pages 292–340. 1066: 914: 210:era, and they are found all through the 188: 1892: 1763: 1693: 1254:Fortea Pérez; Francisco Javier (1973). 685: 590: 14: 4366: 1291:: Editions du CNRS. pages 263–7. 950:, but they may also have been used as 3690: 3329: 2595: 2500: 2274: 2139: 1933: 658:. They later appear in Europe in the 306: 206:culture or possibly the start of the 107:from around 35,000 years ago, across 3691: 2107:Piel-Desruisseaux, Jean-Luc (1986). 1462:Piel-Desruisseaux, Jean-Luc (1986). 1325:. Bibliotheca Praehistorica Hispana. 1197:Piel-Desruisseaux, Jean-Luc (1986). 780: 198:Laminar and non-geometric microliths 666:), they are mostly seen during the 410:characterized as cultural markers. 24: 2097:, issue 96, number 2, pp. 203-207. 1911:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1993.tb00317.x 1634:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00566.x 1603:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00569.x 1339:is an elongated lunate shape, the 567:points (Abu Salem points sub-type) 247: 25: 4385: 3643:Megalithic architectural elements 2478: 1653:Journal of Archaeological Science 225: 3330: 2484: 706: 694: 642: 630: 618: 606: 557: 545: 530: 515: 501: 489: 477: 465: 453: 294: 282: 270: 258: 73: 50: 4262:Evolutionary origin of religion 2444: 2426: 2402: 2384: 2213:Petraglia; et al. (2009). 2206: 2171: 2126: 2100: 2083: 2044: 2005: 1966: 1927: 1886: 1835: 1796: 1757: 1718: 1687: 1640: 1609: 1578: 1557: 1508: 1481: 1455: 1429: 1400: 1321:González Echegaray, J. (1964). 335: 30:For the catalytic reactor, see 1952:10.1080/03122417.2012.11681947 1782:10.1080/03122417.2014.11682028 1743:10.1080/03122417.2011.11690534 1440:. Editorial Labor, Barcelona. 1354: 1329: 1314: 1295: 1276: 1216: 1190: 1123: 957: 858: 365:is a microlith version of the 13: 1: 3875:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 3405:British megalith architecture 1764:Hiscock, Peter (2014-12-01). 1694:Hiscock, Peter (2008-06-28). 1529:10.1080/00438243.1982.9979864 1116: 800:Specialists have carried out 32:Microlith (catalytic reactor) 3870:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 3410:Nordic megalith architecture 2392:"The Travels of Pahiyangala" 2341:10.1371/journal.pone.0222606 1893:Hiscock, Peter (July 1993). 1490:Journal of Field Archaeology 1157:10.1371/journal.pone.0233340 1049: 863: 802:lithic or microwear analysis 7: 1099: 223: 10: 4390: 4018:British Isles and Brittany 3939:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 2089:Schulting, R.J. (1999) - " 1934:White, Beth (2012-12-01). 1712:10.1525/ap3a.2002.12.1.163 1502:10.1179/009346996791973747 1302:Brézillon, Michel (1971). 1283:Brézillon, Michel (1971). 1223:Pelegrin, Jacques (1988). 992: 36:Microlith (disambiguation) 29: 4220: 4033: 3860: 3707: 3703: 3686: 3572: 3536: 3385: 3342: 3338: 3325: 3132: 2963: 2936: 2861: 2787: 2778: 2683: 2608: 2604: 2596: 2591: 2534: 2069:10.1017/S0003598X00095971 1991:10.1017/S0003598X00098446 1673:10.1016/j.jas.2009.08.018 1062: 910: 150:and the beginning of the 1260:Universidad de Salamanca 1040: 184: 61:microliths from a flint 4250:Evolutionary musicology 3653:Oldest extant buildings 3580:Archaeological features 3099:Prepared-core technique 2283:(2/3). JSTOR: 162–174. 2243:10.1073/pnas.0810842106 1025:there was only one, in 177:and (in later periods) 4212:Unchambered long cairn 4060:Mound Builders culture 3393:Neolithic architecture 2528:Prehistoric technology 2178:Petersson, M. (1951). 2018:Archaeology in Oceania 1940:Australian Archaeology 1899:Archaeology in Oceania 1848:Archaeology in Oceania 1809:Archaeology in Oceania 1770:Australian Archaeology 1731:Australian Archaeology 1622:Archaeology in Oceania 1591:Archaeology in Oceania 1411:. Barcelona. page 264. 1387:Cite journal requires 1368:), Peyrony and Noone ( 1343:is a triangle and the 1072: 923: 399:peripheral paleolithic 194: 34:. For other uses, see 3887:List of Stone Age art 3089:Microblade technology 3037:Langdale axe industry 2635:Ard / plough 2132:Lars Larsson (2018), 1364:Revue Anthropologique 1070: 919:Two skeletons in the 918: 876:societies in the mid- 874:Aboriginal Australian 222:and micro-gravettes ( 192: 95:tool usually made of 4294:Prehistoric medicine 4289:Prehistoric counting 4272:Prehistoric religion 4267:Paleolithic religion 4245:Behavioral modernity 3602:Causewayed enclosure 3494:Abri de la Madeleine 2618:Neolithic Revolution 2493:at Wikimedia Commons 2414:www.lankalibrary.com 1111:Itaakpa rock shelter 686:Microburin technique 591:Geometric microliths 585:microburin technique 496:Ahrensburguien point 363:Gravette micro point 289:Backed edge bladelet 193:Backed edge bladelet 4333:Prehistoric warfare 3079:Magdalenian culture 3042:Levallois technique 2973:Earliest toolmaking 2332:2019PLoSO..1422606W 2234:2009PNAS..10612261P 2228:(30): 12261–12266. 1665:2009JArSc..36.2765A 1239:(pages 37–53) 1213:(pages 147–9) 1148:2020PLoSO..1533340G 970:, and Tværmose, at 827:or similar weapon. 460:Châtelperrón points 226:§ Micro points 65:, 22,000–18,000 BP. 4284:Origin of language 4277:Spiritual drug use 4187:Rectangular dolmen 4089:Dartmoor kistvaens 3902:Carved stone balls 3614:Circular enclosure 3573:Other architecture 3516:Alp pile dwellings 3104:Solutrean industry 3015:Gravettian culture 2665:Secondary products 1569:Lawrence H. Keeley 1504:– via JSTOR. 1347:is a trapeze, the 1073: 924: 307:Backed edge blades 277:Truncated bladelet 195: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4306:Prehistoric music 4255:music archaeology 3912:Cup and ring mark 3737:Clothing/textiles 3682: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3124:Yubetsu technique 3109:Striking platform 3074:Lithic technology 2959: 2958: 2944:Game drive system 2863:Projectile points 2755:Mortar and pestle 2489:Media related to 2111:. Masson, Paris. 2030:10.1002/arco.5177 1861:10.1002/arco.5292 1821:10.1002/arco.5162 1659:(12): 2765–2770. 1517:World Archaeology 1466:. Masson, Paris. 1201:. Masson, Paris. 987:Maglemose culture 781:Weapons and tools 755:use-wear analysis 420:Upper Paleolithic 220:"Noailles" burins 208:Upper Paleolithic 148:Upper Paleolithic 16:(Redirected from 4381: 4321:Divje Babe flute 4228:Archaeoastronomy 3971:Petrosomatoglyph 3705: 3704: 3688: 3687: 3537:Water management 3340: 3339: 3327: 3326: 3230:Denticulate tool 3052:Lithic reduction 2785: 2784: 2606: 2605: 2593: 2592: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2488: 2472: 2470: 2448: 2442: 2437:and that of the 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2420: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2394:. Archived from 2388: 2382: 2381: 2371: 2353: 2343: 2326:(10): e0222606. 2310: 2301: 2300: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2255: 2245: 2219: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2183: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2146: 2137: 2130: 2124: 2122: 2104: 2098: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2063:(314): 877–885. 2048: 2042: 2041: 2009: 2003: 2002: 1985:(320): 296–308. 1970: 1964: 1963: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1873: 1863: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1582: 1576: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1548: 1540: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1485: 1479: 1477: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1420: 1412: 1404: 1398: 1396: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1375: 1367: 1358: 1352: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1251: 1240: 1238: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1177: 1159: 1127: 806:Hengistbury Head 710: 698: 646: 634: 622: 610: 561: 549: 534: 519: 505: 493: 481: 469: 457: 298: 286: 274: 262: 229: 77: 54: 21: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4349: 4216: 4202:Stone box grave 4172:Megalithic tomb 4077:Cotswold-Severn 4029: 3934:Guardian stones 3862:Prehistoric art 3856: 3699: 3674: 3663:Timber trackway 3568: 3532: 3528:Wattle and daub 3381: 3360:Standing stones 3334: 3313: 3128: 2955: 2932: 2857: 2774: 2684:Food processing 2679: 2628:New World crops 2600: 2587: 2530: 2525: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2467: 2449: 2445: 2431: 2427: 2418: 2416: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2311: 2304: 2289:10.2307/3249352 2273: 2269: 2217: 2211: 2207: 2195: 2194: 2185: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2147: 2140: 2131: 2127: 2123:(pages 147-149) 2119: 2105: 2101: 2088: 2084: 2049: 2045: 2010: 2006: 1971: 1967: 1932: 1928: 1891: 1887: 1840: 1836: 1801: 1797: 1762: 1758: 1723: 1719: 1692: 1688: 1645: 1641: 1614: 1610: 1583: 1579: 1562: 1558: 1542: 1541: 1513: 1509: 1486: 1482: 1478:(pages 123-127) 1474: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1434: 1430: 1414: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1388: 1386: 1377: 1376: 1359: 1355: 1341:El-Emireh point 1337:Dufour bladelet 1334: 1330: 1319: 1315: 1300: 1296: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1252: 1243: 1235: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1195: 1191: 1142:(6): e0233340. 1128: 1124: 1119: 1102: 1065: 1052: 1043: 1016:North Yorkshire 995: 960: 930:, an island in 913: 866: 861: 783: 718: 717: 716: 715: 714: 711: 703: 702: 699: 688: 650: 647: 638: 635: 626: 623: 614: 611: 593: 568: 562: 553: 550: 541: 535: 526: 520: 511: 506: 497: 494: 485: 482: 473: 470: 461: 458: 338: 326:Ibero-Maurusian 309: 302: 301:Dufour bladelet 299: 290: 287: 278: 275: 266: 263: 250: 248:Truncated blade 200: 187: 85: 84: 83: 82: 81: 78: 69: 68: 67: 66: 59:Kebaran culture 55: 46: 45: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4387: 4377: 4376: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4335: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4311:Alligator drum 4303: 4302: 4301: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4247: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4238:lunar calendar 4235: 4224: 4222: 4221:Other cultural 4218: 4217: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4125: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4057: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4039: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4027: 4025:Venus figurine 4022: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3988: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3956:Megalithic art 3953: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3914: 3909: 3907:Cave paintings 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3872: 3866: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3709:Material goods 3701: 3700: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3639: 3638: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3432: 3427: 3425:Cliff dwelling 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3357: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3336: 3335: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3144: 3138: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3010:Fire hardening 3007: 3002: 3000:Clovis culture 2997: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2969: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2923:Manis Mastodon 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2867: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2823: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2802:throwing stick 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2698: 2693: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2614: 2612: 2602: 2601: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2524: 2523: 2516: 2509: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2480: 2479:External links 2477: 2474: 2473: 2465: 2443: 2425: 2401: 2398:on 2006-09-27. 2383: 2302: 2267: 2205: 2170: 2163: 2138: 2125: 2117: 2099: 2082: 2043: 2004: 1965: 1926: 1885: 1854:(2): 214–222. 1834: 1815:(3): 179–190. 1795: 1776:(1): 124–130. 1756: 1717: 1706:(1): 163–177. 1686: 1639: 1608: 1597:(3): 131–137. 1577: 1556: 1523:(2): 237–248. 1507: 1496:(4): 437–460. 1480: 1472: 1454: 1446: 1438:La Prehistoria 1428: 1399: 1389:|journal= 1353: 1345:Adelaide point 1328: 1313: 1294: 1275: 1268: 1241: 1233: 1215: 1207: 1189: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1101: 1098: 1064: 1061: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1039: 1031:West Yorkshire 1012:West Yorkshire 994: 991: 959: 956: 921:Tomb of Téviec 912: 909: 897:heat treatment 865: 862: 860: 857: 819:in the French 782: 779: 712: 705: 704: 700: 693: 692: 691: 690: 689: 687: 684: 668:Epipaleolithic 656:Iberomaurusian 652: 651: 648: 641: 639: 636: 629: 627: 624: 617: 615: 612: 605: 592: 589: 570: 569: 563: 556: 554: 552:Adelaide point 551: 544: 542: 536: 529: 527: 521: 514: 512: 507: 500: 498: 495: 488: 486: 483: 476: 474: 472:Micro-gravette 471: 464: 462: 459: 452: 449: 448: 441:Protoneolithic 430: 423: 404: 403: 388: 385:Epipaleolithic 370: 367:Gravette point 358:Micro-gravette 353: 337: 334: 319:Epipaleolithic 308: 305: 304: 303: 300: 293: 291: 288: 281: 279: 276: 269: 267: 264: 257: 249: 246: 199: 196: 186: 183: 152:Epipaleolithic 79: 72: 71: 70: 57: 56: 49: 48: 47: 43: 42: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4386: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4197:Simple dolmen 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4182:Passage grave 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4128:Gallery grave 4126: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4043:Burial mounds 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4003:Statue menhir 4001: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3991:Stone carving 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3830:Sewing needle 3828: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3658:Timber circle 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3607:Tor enclosure 3605: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3595:fulacht fiadh 3593: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2831:spear-thrower 2829: 2828: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2809:Bow and arrow 2807: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2718:Grinding slab 2716: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2650:Domestication 2648: 2646: 2645:Digging stick 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2623:Founder crops 2621: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2564:New Stone Age 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2522: 2517: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2468: 2466:0-521-25350-0 2462: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2440: 2439:Epigravettian 2436: 2429: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2309: 2307: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2277:Artibus Asiae 2271: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2201: 2189: 2181: 2174: 2166: 2164:0-521-25350-0 2160: 2156: 2152: 2145: 2143: 2135: 2129: 2120: 2118:2-225-80847-3 2114: 2110: 2103: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1889: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1690: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1643: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1552: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1511: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1484: 1475: 1473:2-225-80847-3 1469: 1465: 1458: 1449: 1447:84-335-9309-9 1443: 1439: 1432: 1424: 1418: 1410: 1403: 1394: 1381: 1373: 1365: 1357: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1324: 1317: 1309: 1305: 1298: 1290: 1286: 1279: 1271: 1269:84-600-5678-3 1265: 1261: 1257: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1236: 1234:2-222-04235-6 1230: 1226: 1219: 1210: 1208:2-225-80847-3 1204: 1200: 1193: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1126: 1122: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1069: 1060: 1057: 1047: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1000: 990: 988: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 955: 953: 949: 945: 939: 937: 933: 929: 922: 917: 908: 906: 900: 898: 893: 891: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 828: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 787: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 709: 697: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 645: 640: 633: 628: 621: 616: 609: 604: 603: 602: 599: 588: 586: 582: 578: 576: 566: 560: 555: 548: 543: 539: 533: 528: 524: 518: 513: 510: 504: 499: 492: 487: 484:Azilian point 480: 475: 468: 463: 456: 451: 450: 446: 442: 438: 436: 431: 428: 424: 421: 417: 413: 412: 411: 409: 400: 396: 394: 393:Ahrensburgian 389: 386: 382: 378: 376: 371: 368: 364: 360: 359: 354: 351: 349: 344: 343: 342: 333: 331: 327: 323: 320: 315: 297: 292: 285: 280: 273: 268: 261: 256: 255: 254: 245: 242: 237: 233: 227: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 191: 182: 180: 176: 171: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 143: 141: 137: 133: 128: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 76: 64: 63:prepared core 60: 53: 37: 33: 19: 4138:wedge-shaped 4123:Funeral pyre 4116:Great dolmen 4072:Chamber tomb 4053:Round barrow 4008:Stone circle 3880:Blombos Cave 3808:Grooved ware 3732:Chalcolithic 3636:Thornborough 3554:Flush toilet 3489:Blombos Cave 3484:Rock shelter 3440:Quiggly hole 3332:Architecture 3307:illustration 3254: 2949:Buffalo jump 2770:Storage pits 2733:Aşıklı Höyük 2723:Ground stone 2559:Subdivisions 2452: 2446: 2438: 2428: 2417:. Retrieved 2413: 2404: 2396:the original 2386: 2351:10072/412746 2323: 2319: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2225: 2221: 2208: 2179: 2173: 2150: 2136:academia.edu 2128: 2108: 2102: 2094: 2085: 2060: 2056: 2046: 2024:(2): 73–89. 2021: 2017: 2007: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1946:(1): 25–36. 1943: 1939: 1929: 1905:(2): 65–76. 1902: 1898: 1888: 1871:10072/428642 1851: 1847: 1837: 1812: 1808: 1798: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1737:(1): 67–75. 1734: 1730: 1720: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1656: 1652: 1642: 1628:(2): 94–99. 1625: 1621: 1611: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1559: 1545:cite journal 1520: 1516: 1510: 1493: 1489: 1483: 1463: 1457: 1437: 1431: 1408: 1402: 1380:cite journal 1371: 1363: 1356: 1349:El-Wad point 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1322: 1316: 1303: 1297: 1284: 1278: 1255: 1224: 1218: 1198: 1192: 1139: 1135: 1125: 1094: 1078: 1074: 1056:Fa Hien Cave 1053: 1044: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1007:Lincolnshire 996: 984: 961: 940: 925: 901: 894: 886: 867: 829: 814: 799: 793:– the 788: 784: 775:Chalcolithic 752: 727: 719: 653: 594: 579:is found in 573: 571: 509:Emireh point 433: 427:El-Wad point 426: 416:Emireh point 405: 398: 391: 373: 366: 362: 356: 348:Châtelperrón 346: 339: 336:Micro points 330:Tardenoisian 310: 251: 240: 201: 172: 144: 129: 88: 86: 4160:unchambered 4155:Long barrow 4145:Grave goods 4101:Court cairn 4096:Clava cairn 4048:Bowl barrow 3986:Rock cupule 3929:Golden hats 3922:Hill figure 3823:Unstan ware 3803:Cord-marked 3668:Sweet Track 3590:Burnt mound 3511:Stilt house 3499:Sibudu Cave 3292:Tally stick 3260:Quern-stone 3245:Hammerstone 3235:Fire plough 3206:Pesse canoe 3164:Bannerstone 3134:Other tools 3047:Lithic core 2995:Aurignacian 2883:Bare Island 2765:Quern-stone 2196:|work= 1366:. page 107. 958:Scandinavia 870:Pleistocene 859:Discoveries 791:Magdalenian 740:equilateral 664:Perigordian 660:Magdalenian 408:Middle East 381:Magdalenian 314:Aurignacian 265:Flint blade 236:Magdalenian 91:is a small 4299:trepanning 4192:Ring cairn 4150:Jar burial 4133:transepted 4065:U.S. sites 3966:Petroglyph 3892:Bird stone 3850:wine press 3523:Stone roof 3506:Roundhouse 3398:long house 3375:Stonehenge 3343:Ceremonial 3287:Stone tool 3114:Tool stone 3084:Metallurgy 2988:Mousterian 2965:Toolmaking 2903:Cumberland 2876:Transverse 2846:Schöningen 2738:Qesem cave 2706:Earth oven 2660:Irrigation 2571:Technology 2539:Prehistory 2491:Microliths 2419:2020-04-01 1920:1885/41387 1117:References 833:Mesolithic 723:microburin 680:Bronze Age 676:Copper Age 613:Microburin 598:microburin 397:is also a 379:links the 232:Gravettian 212:Mesolithic 204:Gravettian 156:Mesolithic 140:microburin 136:retouching 132:microblade 125:arrowheads 27:Stone tool 18:Microliths 4343:symbolism 4207:Tor cairn 4165:Grønsalen 4106:Cremation 3998:Sculpture 3976:Pictogram 3961:Petroform 3781:amber use 3749:Cosmetics 3559:Reservoir 3544:Check dam 3474:Pueblitos 3469:Pit-house 3452:Longhouse 3386:Dwellings 3255:Microlith 3186:Bow drill 3181:Bone tool 3174:prismatic 2983:Acheulean 2898:Cresswell 2871:Arrowhead 2797:Boomerang 2713:Granaries 2675:Terracing 2554:Stone Age 2457:Cambridge 2360:1932-6203 2198:ignored ( 2188:cite book 2155:Cambridge 2077:0003-598X 2057:Antiquity 2038:0728-4896 1999:0003-598X 1979:Antiquity 1960:0312-2417 1880:0728-4896 1829:0728-4896 1790:0312-2417 1751:0312-2417 1681:0305-4403 1537:0043-8243 1452:(page 68) 1417:cite book 1166:1932-6203 1050:Sri Lanka 1003:Yorkshire 999:Star Carr 980:peat bogs 936:Neolithic 905:Narrabeen 864:Australia 837:Neolithic 795:Pincevent 767:Neolithic 748:segmental 732:isosceles 672:Neolithic 581:Australia 443:sites in 418:from the 216:Neolithic 164:trapezoid 160:Neolithic 121:Australia 89:microlith 44:Microlith 4368:Category 3981:Rock art 3944:painting 3917:Geoglyph 3742:timeline 3722:Beadwork 3462:Mehrgarh 3457:Mudbrick 3365:megalith 3240:Fire-saw 3062:debitage 3057:analysis 3025:Hand axe 3005:Cupstone 2583:Glossary 2544:Timeline 2435:Valencia 2378:31577796 2320:PLOS ONE 2262:19620737 1184:32492038 1136:PLOS ONE 1106:Megalith 1100:See also 1090:Natufian 1086:Kebarian 1023:Tværmose 972:Vinderup 938:period. 932:Brittany 890:Ngungara 878:Holocene 849:javelins 845:assegais 841:harpoons 821:Dordogne 763:harpoons 670:and the 637:Triangle 575:Adelaide 538:El-Khiam 435:El-Khiam 322:Saharans 158:and the 4374:Lithics 4338:Symbols 3949:pigment 3835:Weaving 3798:Cardium 3793:Pottery 3788:Mirrors 3776:Jewelry 3717:Baskets 3697:culture 3549:Cistern 3355:Pyramid 3297:Weapons 3275:Scraper 3265:Racloir 3225:Cleaver 3213:Chopper 3119:Uniface 3030:Grooves 3020:Hafting 2978:Oldowan 2937:Systems 2888:Cascade 2851:woomera 2841:harpoon 2814:history 2780:Hunting 2760:Pottery 2701:Cooking 2610:Farming 2576:history 2549:Outline 2369:6774521 2328:Bibcode 2297:3249352 2253:2718386 2230:Bibcode 1661:Bibcode 1565:Gironde 1175:7269238 1144:Bibcode 1082:Aterian 1035:average 1027:Loshult 993:England 976:Denmark 952:weapons 948:fishing 944:hunting 825:harpoon 817:Lascaux 736:scalene 625:Trapeze 375:Azilian 228:, below 4316:flutes 4111:Dolmen 4035:Burial 3845:winery 3818:Linear 3648:Midden 3626:Cursus 3619:Goseck 3479:Pueblo 3430:Dugout 3415:Burdei 3094:Mining 2918:Lamoka 2913:Folsom 2893:Clovis 2750:Metate 2728:Hearth 2696:Basket 2670:Sickle 2463: 2376: 2366: 2358: 2295: 2260: 2250: 2161: 2115: 2075: 2036: 1997: 1958: 1878: 1827: 1788: 1749: 1679: 1535: 1470: 1444: 1266: 1231: 1205: 1182: 1172: 1164: 1063:Dating 968:Sweden 928:Téviec 911:France 853:arrows 810:Dorset 771:arrows 759:spears 744:Lunate 649:Lunate 565:Helwan 523:El-Wad 445:Jordan 402:point. 324:. The 241:ad hoc 218:eras. 179:arrows 175:spears 168:lunate 113:Africa 109:Europe 105:humans 4233:sites 4177:Mummy 3897:Cairn 3813:Jōmon 3764:shoes 3759:Hides 3631:Henge 3585:Broch 3447:Jacal 3302:Wheel 3250:Knife 3196:Canoe 3191:Burin 3169:Blade 3067:flake 2928:Plano 2836:baton 2826:Spear 2792:Arrow 2745:Manos 2598:Tools 2293:JSTOR 2218:(PDF) 1308:París 1289:París 1041:India 577:point 540:point 525:point 437:point 395:point 377:point 350:point 185:Types 101:chert 97:flint 93:stone 4326:gudi 4084:Cist 4013:list 3840:Wine 3769:Ötzi 3754:Glue 3727:Beds 3695:and 3693:Arts 3564:Well 3420:Cave 3350:Kiva 3280:side 3270:Rope 3218:tool 3152:bone 3142:Adze 2908:Eden 2821:Nets 2691:Fire 2655:Goad 2640:Celt 2461:ISBN 2374:PMID 2356:ISSN 2258:PMID 2200:help 2159:ISBN 2113:ISBN 2073:ISSN 2034:ISSN 1995:ISSN 1956:ISSN 1876:ISSN 1825:ISSN 1786:ISSN 1747:ISSN 1677:ISSN 1573:Oise 1551:link 1533:ISSN 1468:ISBN 1442:ISBN 1423:link 1393:help 1264:ISBN 1229:ISBN 1203:ISBN 1180:PMID 1162:ISSN 964:Osby 946:and 851:and 728:base 678:and 572:The 432:The 425:The 414:The 390:The 372:The 355:The 345:The 224:see 214:and 119:and 117:Asia 3435:Hut 3370:row 3201:Oar 3159:Axe 3147:Awl 2364:PMC 2346:hdl 2336:doi 2285:doi 2248:PMC 2238:doi 2226:106 2093:", 2065:doi 2026:doi 1987:doi 1948:doi 1915:hdl 1907:doi 1866:hdl 1856:doi 1817:doi 1778:doi 1739:doi 1708:doi 1669:doi 1630:doi 1599:doi 1525:doi 1498:doi 1170:PMC 1152:doi 1001:in 974:in 966:in 835:or 808:in 769:on 738:or 361:or 166:or 99:or 4370:: 2455:. 2412:. 2372:. 2362:. 2354:. 2344:. 2334:. 2324:14 2322:. 2318:. 2305:^ 2291:. 2281:28 2279:. 2256:. 2246:. 2236:. 2224:. 2220:. 2192:: 2190:}} 2186:{{ 2153:. 2141:^ 2071:. 2061:81 2059:. 2055:. 2032:. 2022:54 2020:. 2016:. 1993:. 1983:83 1981:. 1977:. 1954:. 1944:75 1942:. 1938:. 1913:. 1903:28 1901:. 1897:. 1874:. 1864:. 1852:58 1850:. 1846:. 1823:. 1813:53 1811:. 1807:. 1784:. 1774:79 1772:. 1768:. 1745:. 1735:72 1733:. 1729:. 1704:12 1702:. 1698:. 1675:. 1667:. 1657:36 1655:. 1651:. 1626:39 1624:. 1620:. 1595:39 1593:. 1589:. 1547:}} 1543:{{ 1531:. 1521:14 1519:. 1494:23 1492:. 1419:}} 1415:{{ 1384:: 1382:}} 1378:{{ 1306:. 1287:. 1262:. 1258:. 1244:^ 1178:. 1168:. 1160:. 1150:. 1140:15 1138:. 1134:. 954:. 907:. 855:. 847:, 843:, 761:, 750:. 734:, 587:. 332:. 127:. 115:, 111:, 87:A 2520:e 2513:t 2506:v 2469:. 2422:. 2380:. 2348:: 2338:: 2330:: 2299:. 2287:: 2264:. 2240:: 2232:: 2202:) 2167:. 2121:. 2079:. 2067:: 2040:. 2028:: 2001:. 1989:: 1962:. 1950:: 1923:. 1917:: 1909:: 1882:. 1868:: 1858:: 1831:. 1819:: 1792:. 1780:: 1753:. 1741:: 1714:. 1710:: 1683:. 1671:: 1663:: 1636:. 1632:: 1605:. 1601:: 1575:. 1553:) 1539:. 1527:: 1500:: 1476:. 1450:. 1425:) 1395:) 1391:( 1372:2 1272:. 1237:. 1211:. 1186:. 1154:: 1146:: 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index